RAD - 312 Radiographic Pathology Spring 2015 Course Instructor

Transcription

RAD - 312 Radiographic Pathology
Spring 2015
Course Instructor: Sandi Watts MSHA, RT(R), ARRT
Office: ASA 131
(681) 453- 7229 if no answer, please
Hours: M & W 1-3
leave name, message and phone number
T & H 1-3
E-mail: [email protected]
Class Time: M,W 10-11:15 am, ASA Rm. 14
COURSE DESCRIPTION:
This course is designed to focus on the characteristics and manifestations of diseases caused by
alterations or injury to the structure and/or function of the human body. Concepts basic to
pathophysiology as well as common disease conditions are studied to facilitate image correlation
with these pathologies observed through diagnostic imaging. Distinguishing between additive
pathologies, destructive pathologies, and how to adjust the exposure factors for optimum
visualization of common disease conditions will be included in class discussions.
PREREQUISITES: RAD 332
Co-Requisites: RAD 322, RAD 342 and RAD 352
REQUIRED TEXTBOOKS:
Eisenberg, R.L. & Johnson, N.M. (2011). Comprehensive Radiographic Pathology, 5th edition.
St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Science/Mosby Inc. ISBN-13: 978-0-323-03624-5
Recommended Textbook:
Eisenberg, R.L. & Johnson, N.M. (2011). Workbook for Comprehensive Radiographic
Pathology, 5th edition. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier/Mosby
Supplemental Textbook(s):
Bushong, S.C. (2013). Radiologic Science for Technologists: Physics, Biology and Protection,
10th edition. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Science/Mosby Inc. ISBN-13: 978-0-323-04837-8
GENERAL COURSE OBJECTIVES:
Upon completion of this course, the student shall be able to:
1. Define basic terms related to pathology.
2. Describe the basic manifestations of pathological conditions and their relevance to
radiologic procedures.
3. Discuss the classifications of trauma.
4. Describe imaging procedures used in diagnosing disease.
5. List the causes of tissue disruption.
6. Describe the healing process.
7. Identify complications connected with the repair and replacement of tissue.
8. Describe the various systemic classifications of disease in terms of etiology, types,
common sites, complications and prognosis.
9. Describe the radiographic appearance of diseases.
RAD 312
Rev. Jan. 2015
10. Identify imaging procedures and interventional techniques appropriate for diseases
common to each body system.
11. Identify diseases caused by or contributed to by genetic factors.
12. Correlate, register and present information through both written and oral means.
ACADEMIC HONESTY:
All students are expected to adhere to a strict code of academic honesty. Academic honesty is
addressed according to the “Policies and Procedures Applicable to Academic Dishonesty” as
stated in the “Important Information for Students, Faculty and Staff” booklet, available from the
Office of Vice Chancellor for Student Affairs.
ACTS OF ACADEMIC DISHONESTY, from the “SIUC Student Conduct Code”, section II
Violations, article A (www.siuc.edu/~policies/conduct.html), but not limited to:
A. Plagiarism, representing the work of another as one’s own work;
B. Preparing work for another that is to be used as that person’s own work;
C. Cheating by any method or measure;
D. Knowingly furnishing false information to a University official relative to academic
matters;
E. Soliciting, aiding, abetting, concealing, or attempting conduct in violation of this code.
Penalties will be imposed for violations of this policy in accordance with the SIUC Student
Conduct Code. These penalties may include one or more of the following disciplinary measures
for a case of academic dishonesty:
 A grade of zero (0) for the assignment, lab, quiz, or test.
 An “F” for the entire course.
 Recommendation of dismissal from the Program.
METHODOLOGY:
Students are required to keep current on the weekly reading assignments and to completely
answer the related chapter objectives.
Each test is based upon the following materials:
o Textbook readings
o Chapter objectives
o Class lectures, presentations, and discussions
o Any/all supplemental readings
Each test will require the student to identify, apply knowledge, and make judgments based upon
the learned material.
RAD 312 Rad Pathology
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STUDENT EVALUATION & GRADING:
Assignments, quizzes, presentations, tests: 75% of total grade
Final test:
25% of total grade
--------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total:
100%
Grading Scale:
93 - 100 = A
85 - 92 = B
75 - 84 = C
0 - 74 = F
All students must pass each of their Radiologic Sciences prefix courses (RAD) with a grade of
“C” or better in order to satisfy Program requirements, to graduate, and to pass the National
Board Exam in Radiography. This grade of “C” or better is based upon the Radiologic Sciences
grading scale.
Any student that fails a Radiologic Sciences course will not continue in our Program. When
course failure occurs, the student will meet with the appropriate faculty member and academic
advisor to discuss the student’s future educational goals. This discussion may include referring
the student to the University Career Services office (www.siu.edu/~ucs; Woody Hall B 204; Ph:
618-453-2391) for testing via the “Strong Interest Inventory” to identify the academic majors
that best fit the student’s personality, values, interests, and skills.
Evaluation and Point Value of Written Assignments:
 Assignments earning an “A” grade will be of excellent quality, reflecting critical
thinking, creativity and mastery of course material. They will be well organized and
clear. They will be free of errors in syntax, grammar and format and will be typed. The
standard percentile rank for an “A” grade is 93-100.
 Assignments earning a “B” will be of good quality, reflecting a solid grasp of course
material. They will be well organized, but may contain some errors in syntax, grammar
and format. They may be handwritten. The standard percentile range for a “B” grade is
85-92.
 Assignments earning a “C” will be of acceptable quality, reflecting familiarity with
course material. They may be weak in syntax, grammar or formatting. The standard
percentile range for a “C” is 77-84.
 Assignments earning a “D” will be of barely acceptable quality, they will contain
weakness in syntax, grammar and formatting. They will be almost unacceptable,
reflecting little understanding of course materials. The standard percentile range for a
“D” is 70-76.
 Assignments earning an “F” grade will be of unacceptable quality. They will reflect little
or no understanding of the course material. They may contain grievous errors in syntax,
grammar and formatting. Any percentage below 70 will be considered failing.
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ADA Accommodations:
Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act,
educators and students have both rights and responsibilities. It should be the mutual goal of the
student and university to maximize the likelihood that students with disabilities succeed.
Accommodation sometimes is necessary.
If you think you have a learning disability, or know you have a disability but have not been
tested, then please contact SIUC Disability Support Services (618-453-5738) for an appointment
for the evaluation of your learning disability.
Once you have been diagnosed as having a learning disability, we, the faculty of the Radiologic
Sciences Program, strongly encourage you to tell us what type of learning disability and what
type of accommodation is needed to help you succeed in our Program. If you do not notify us
(prior to the end of the first week of the semester) that you have a disability, and you do not
request accommodation during this course, then you accept full responsibility for your own
success or failure in this course. Ultimately, YOU are responsible for your own success or
failure, and the resulting consequences.
ATTENDANCE:
Please note:
1. Due to the frequently graphic content presented in this course, bringing infants
and/or children to class is strongly discouraged!
2. Blogging, Tweeting, texting, sexting and all other electronic communications
during class time is prohibited.
3. Please turn off all cell phones/smart phones, MP3 players, PDAs, iPads, Kindlelike devices, headsets, pagers, beepers, all other personal communication devices,
and remove all types of earbuds/earphones.
4. If it’s necessary to be in constant communication with your children, their
school, business associates, spouse, friends, etc., then now is not the right time
for you to be in our RADS Program!
A record of daily attendance will be kept. Attendance is mandatory for this course. Habitual
tardiness to class will result in points being deducted from the final grade. Each late arrival or
absence will result in 0.5 point, daily deduction from the student’s semester grade.
Any student that misses class is responsible for the material covered.
Whenever it is possible, advance notice of absence is appreciated. An email message is
generally adequate. If you are unable to contact me prior to class, please do so as soon as
possible.
Missed Quizzes/Exams: If absences occur on days when quizzes/exams are scheduled the
ability to make up the quiz/exam will lie solely with the instructor. No guarantee is made, nor
given, about the possibility of making up missed examinations. The opportunity of make up a
missed quiz/exam will be given only in extreme circumstances. These include but are not limited
to family death, grave illness, etc…. I must be notified in advance of your absence for a make-up
quiz/exam to be given. Quizzes may not be announced.
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EMERGENCY PROCEDURES:
Southern Illinois University Carbondale is committed to providing a safe and healthy
environment for study and work. Because some health and safety circumstances are beyond our
control, we ask that you become familiar with the SIUC Emergency Response Plan and Building
Emergency Response Team (BERT) program. Emergency response information is available on
posters in buildings on Campus, available on the BERT website (www.bert.siu.edu), the
Department of Public Safety’s website (www.dps.siu.edu; disaster drop down) and in the
Emergency Response Guidelines pamphlet, “Know how to respond to each type of emergency”.
Instructors will provide guidance and direction to students in the classroom in the event of an
emergency affecting your location. It is imperative that you follow these instructions and stay
with your instructor during an evacuation of sheltering emergency. The Building Emergency
Response Team (BERT) will provide assistance to your instructor in evacuating the building or
sheltering within the facility.
ASSIGNMENTS:
Readings:
Students are required to keep current on the weekly reading assignments as outlined
in the course schedule. Changes in the course schedule will be announced in class.
Chapter Terms and Objectives (100 pts each):
Students will define all key terms listed at the beginning of each text chapter as well as
completely answer the specified objectives for each chapter. These are to be typed using a 12
point font and submitted via assignment drop box in SIU Online, no later than 10:00am
(class time) on the date due. These assignments can be submitted early. However, late
assignments will be subject to a 10 point grade deduction for each day late. All assignments must
be submitted to receive a grade for the course. Failure to submit all assignments will result in an
incomplete for the course and the student will not be allowed to advance in the program.
Pathology Presentations (100 pts each):
Each student will be required to research and report various pathologies during the course of the
semester. The pathologies will be randomly assigned; therefore, the due dates will vary.
Reports must include the following information:
 disease name(s)
 classification
 etiology
 signs and symptoms
 general information
 radiographic presentation
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 diagnosis
 treatment
 prognosis
Presentations will be given orally in class, at the time appropriate to the chapter and disease
being discussed. Be prepared to discuss and answer any questions posed by the instructor or the
class.
Students will also prepare and print a concise, well-organized, single-page, one sided, typed
summary to be handed out to the instructor and each classmate at the time of the presentation.
Students are encouraged to create a pathology binder from the handouts in order to help prepare
for the ARRT examination. I do not need a copy of your presentation script; only the handout
given to the class.
Each presentation must also include AT LEAST two images which clearly identify the
pathology being presented. The computer will be available for PowerPoint presentations, flash
drives, links to images, etc.
Points (100 pts each) will be assigned based on the delivery, content, images, handout, and
ability to answer questions about the topic. PowerPoint's may be used for the presentations, but
are not required.
TIME FRAMES & WORK RESPONSIBILITIES
DATE
LECTURE
ASSIGNMENT
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Jan. 19, 2015
Week 1 NO School
SIUC Holiday: Martin Luther King, Jr. Birthday
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Jan. 21, 2015
Introduce course & syllabus.
Introduction to Pathology
Chapter 1
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Jan. 26
Week 2
Continue Chapter 1
Pathology Presentations (3)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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DATE
LECTURE
TOPIC/ASSIGNMENT
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Jan. 28
Continue Chapter 1;
Omit Chapter 2
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Feb. 2,
2015
Week 3
Finish Chapter 1
Chapter 3“Respiratory System”
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Feb. 4
Begin/Continue Chapter 3
______________________________________________________________________________
Feb. 9
Week 4
Continue Chapter 3
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Feb. 11
Finish Chapter 3
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Feb. 16th
Week 5
Test #1 over Chapters 1 & 3
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Feb. 18
Begin Chapter 4 “Skeletal System” Pathology Presentations (3)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Feb. 23
Week 6
Continue Chapter 4
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Feb. 25
Finish Chapter 4
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
March 2, 2015
Week 7
Finish Chapter 4 if needed;
Begin Chapter 5 “Gastrointestinal System”
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
March 4
Continue Chapter 5
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
March 9 - 13
Week 8
SPRING BREAK – NO CLASS
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
March 16
Week 9
Continue Chapter 5
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
March 18
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
March 23
Week 10
Begin Chapter 6 “Urinary System”
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
March 25
Continue Chapter 6
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
March 30
Week 11
Finish Chapter 6 if needed
Begin Chapter 7 “Cardiovascular System”.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
April 1, 2015
Begin/Continue Chapter 7
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
April 6
Week 12
Continue Chapter 7
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
April 8
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_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
DATE
LECTURE
ASSIGNMENT
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
April 13
Week 13
Begin Chapter 8 “Nervous System”
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
April 15
Continue Chapt. 8
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
April 20
Week 14
Finish Chapter 8 if needed;
Begin Chapter 9 “Hematopoietic System”
Selected pages in Chapter 9
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
April 22
Chapter.10 “Endocrine System”
Chapter 11 “Reproductive System”.
Selected pages in Chapt. 10
Selected pages in Chapt. 11
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
April 27
Week 15
Finish Chapter 11
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
April 29
Finish Chapt. 11 if needed
Begin Chapter 12 “Miscellaneous Diseases”
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
May 4, 2015
Week 16
Test #4 over selected pages in Chapters 8-12
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
May 6
Review for FINAL
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
May 11 (tentative)
Week 17
Final Comprehensive Exam
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RAD 312 - RADIOGRAPHIC PATHLOGY
TOPICAL OBJECTIVES
I.
Introduction to Pathology, Eisenberg & Johnson Chapter 1
A.
INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS
1.
Lecture & PPT slides
2.
Discussion
3.
Animated tutorial(s) where applicable
B.
ASSIGNMENTS
1.
Eisenberg, R.L. & Johnson, N.M. (2007). Comprehensive radiographic
th
pathology, 4 edition, Chapter 1.
2.
Frank, E.D., Long, B.W. & Smith, B.J. (Ed.). (2007). Merrill’s atlas of
radiographic positions and radiologic procedures, 11th edition, Volume 1, pages 68-74.
3.
Web article(s) pertaining to inflammation, to enhance textbook reading:
www.sportsinjuryclinic.net/cybertherapist/general/inflammation.php
www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3979&pf=3&page=1
www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=19501pf=3&page=1
http://arthritis.webmd.com/about-inflammation?print=true
C.
OBJECTIVES
1.
In addition to the words at the top of page 2 in the Eisenberg & Johnson
text, define these common terms associated with the study of disease.
a.
pathology
f.
etiology
b.
physiology
g.
nosocomial
c.
pathogenesis
h.
pathophysiology
d.
manifestations
i.
idiopathic
e.
acute
j.
chronic
2.
Explain the difference between:
a.
signs and symptoms
b.
diagnosis and prognosis
c.
congenital and hereditary
d.
lesion and tumor
3.
List and describe the 6 major types of disease classifications.
4.
Explain the difference in origin between carcinoma and sarcoma.
5.
Correctly answer the 7 objectives listed on page 2 in the Eisenberg &
Johnson text.
II.
Respiratory System, Chapter 3 Objectives
A.
1.
2.
Discussion
3.
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B.
ASSIGNMENTS
1.
pathology, 4th edition, Chapter 3.
2.
radiographic positions and radiologic procedures, 11th edition, Volume 1, pages
501-541.
3.
Web article(s) pertaining to the respiratory system, to enhance textbook
reading:
a.
Asthma
www.medicinenet.com/asthma_pictures_slideshow/article.htm
www.asthma.com/learn/main-causes-of-asthma.html
b.
Bronchitis & COPD
www.medicinenet.com/bronchitis_pictures_slideshow/article.htm
c.
Mild Emphysema
www.medicinenet.com/top_health_and_medical_news_of_the_week_slideshow/article.htm
go to slide 2
d.
Whooping Cough (Pertussis)
www.medicinenet.com/pertussis_and_whooping_cough_pictures_slideshow/article.htm
C.
OBJECTIVES
1.
Given a diagram of the respiratory system, correctly label the component
parts of the human respiratory system.
2.
Explain how inflammation is manifested in these component parts of the
respiratory system.
a.
Upper Air Way (Upper respiratory tract)
b.
Lower Air Way (Lower respiratory tract)
3.
Using your favorite spreadsheet software, and given the following
common chest pathologies, use your PPT slides, your textbook, the Internet, and/or a
medical dictionary to identify each one as congenital, inflammatory, acquired from
another disease, or neoplastic. If the pathology is acquired from another disease, state the
original disease.
a.
asthma
g.
hemothorax
b.
atelectasis
h.
pleural effusion
c.
bronchiectasis
i.
pneumonia (viral)
d.
bronchitis
j.
pneumoconiosis (asbestosis)
e.
cystic fibrosis
k.
tuberculosis (primaryTB)
f.
emphysema
l.
empyema
4.
Continuing with all the pathologies listed in item #3:
a.
identify the etiology of each one,
b.
list its respective treatment, and,
c.
classify the pathology as additive or destructive.
You may create a new spreadsheet to answer this Objective, or you may use the
same spreadsheet created for Objective #3.
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5.
Explain the changes in technical factors required to obtain optimal quality
radiographs for:
a.
patients with an additive chest/lung pathology
b.
patients with a destructive chest/lung pathology
6.
Correctly answer the 6 objectives listed on page 40 in the Eisenberg &
Johnson text.
III.
Skeletal System, Eisenberg & Jonhson Chapter 4
A.
1.
2.
Discussion
3.
B.
ASSIGNMENTS
1.
Eisenberg, R. L. & Johnson, N. M. (2009). Comprehensive
radiographic pathology, 4th edition, Chapter 4.
2.
Merrill’s Atlas of Radiographic Anatomy & Positioning, 11th edition,
volume 1, pp. 174, 242, 343, 388.
3.
Web article(s) pertaining to bone diseases, to enhance textbook reading:
a.
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
www.webmd.com/rheumatoid-arthritis/slideshow-rheumatoid-arthritis-overview
www.medicinenet.com/rheumatoid_arthritis_pictures_slideshow/article.htm
b.
Gout
http://arthirits.webmd.com/slideshow-gout
www.medicinenet.com/gout_pictures_slideshow/article.htm
c.
Ankylosing Spondylitis
http://arthritis.webmd.com/understanding-ankylosing-spondylitis-treatment?print=true
d.
Osteoporosis
www.medicinenet.com/osteoporosis_pictures_slideshow/article.htm
e.
Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
www.medicinenet.com/script/mail/art.asp?articlekey=84876&pf=3&page=1
C.
OBJECTIVES
1.
List the 5 basic functions of the human skeleton.
2.
List the elements or minerals found in the skeletal bony matrix.
3.
Explain the difference between:
a.
axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton
b.
periosteum and endosteum
c.
osteoblasts and osteoclasts
d.
compact bone and cancellous bone
e.
a primary ossification site and a secondary ossification site
f.
disease flare-up and disease remission
g.
joint subluxation and joint dislocation
h.
metastasis and metatastases
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4.
pathologies of the skeletal system, characterize each one as congenital or hereditary,
inflammatory, degenerative or arthritic, metabolic, traumatic, or neoplastic.
a.
bursitis
u.
bone cyst
b.
fracture (fx)
v.
congenital clubfoot (talipes)
c.
Hill-Sachs Defect (fx)
w.
Pott’s fx
d.
Spondylolysis
x.
Jones fx
e.
osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease)
f.
osteopetrosis
y.
gout
g.
rheumatoid arthritis
z.
Osgood-Schlatter Disease
h.
tendonitis
aa.
rickets (osteomalacia)
i.
chondrosarcoma
bb.
osteomyelitis
j.
osteoporosis
cc.
Pagett’s Disease
k.
endochondroma
dd.
Ewing’s sarcoma
l.
exostosis (osteochondroma) ee.
multiple myeloma
m.
osteoid osteoma
ff.
osteosarcoma
n.
ankylosing spondylitis
gg.
Clay Shoveler’s fx
o.
compression fx
hh.
Hangman’s fx
p.
Jefferson fx
ii.
herniated disk (HNP)
q.
kyphosis
jj.
lordosis
r.
Scheuermann’s Disease (adolescent kyphosis)
s.
scoliosis
kk.
spina bifida
t.
giant cell tumor (osteoblastoma) ll. spondylolisthesis
5.
Continuing with all the pathologies listed in item #4, identify the
etiology of each one. You may create a 2nd spreadsheet to answer this Objective, or you
may use the same spreadsheet that you created for Objective #4.
6.
Given the neoplastic diseases, identified in #4, state the tissue of
origin
7.
each one as:
Using all the pathologies listed in Objective #4, identify
(1) additive (constructive)
(2) destructive (subtractive)
rd
You may create a 3 spreadsheet to answer this Objective, or you may use the same
spreadsheet created for Objective #4.
8.
IV.
List the common 6 primary tumor sites for metastatic bone cancer.
Abdomen & Gastrointestinal System, Chapter 5
A.
1.
2.
Discussion
3.
B.
ASSIGNMENTS
1.
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pathology, 4th edition, Chapter 5.
2.
radiographic positions and radiologic procedures, 11th edition, Volume 2, pp. 98, 129.
3.
radiographic positions and radiologic procedures, 11th edition, Volume 2, for anatomy
review
a.
Abdomen:
(1)
Chapter 16, pp.93, 96-107.
(2)
Chapter 18, pg. 213, Figure 18-31.
b.
Upper GI, Chapter 17, pp. 121-123, 130-134, 140-159.
c.
Small Bowel, Chapter 17, pp. 124-125, 160-165.
d.
Colon, Chapter 17, pp. 126-127, 166-194
e.
Merrill’s Vol. 3, pp. 147-163.
4.
Web article(s) pertaining to the abdomen and to the digestive system, to
enhance textbook reading:
a.
Colorectal Cancer
www.webmd.com/colorectal-cancer/slideshow-colorectal-cancer-overview
b.
Diverticulitis
www.medicinenet.com/diverticulitis_diverticulosis_pictures_slideshow/article.htm
c.
Pancreatic Cancer
www.medicinenet.com/pancreatic_cancer_pictures_slideshow/article.htm
C.
OBJECTIVES
1.
Given a diagram of the abdomen, correctly label its component parts.
2.
Given the AP, Lateral, and Lateral Decubitus projections of the
abdomen, correctly identify the abdomen anatomy best demonstrated in each projection.
3.
digestive system pathologies, use a medical dictionary, your textbook, PPT slides,
www.wikipedia.com or www.emedicinenet.com to identify each one as
(1) congenital
(4) obstructive
(2) hereditary
(5) neoplastic
(3) inflammatory
If none of these categories applies, state the name of the disease from which this
condition originates. If the term describes a medical/surgical procedure, state the reason
for performing the procedure.
a.
achalasia
t.
esophageal varices
b.
appendicitis
u.
gastritis
c.
ascites
v.
hiatal hernia
d.
colostomy
w.
ileostomy
e.
Crohn’s disease
x.
intussusceptions
f.
diverticulosis
y.
irritable bowel syndrome
g.
diverticulitis
z.
peptic ulcer
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h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
p.
q.
r.
s.
4.
dysphagia
enteritis
gastroesophageal reflux
ulcerative colitis
pancreatitis
choledocholithiasis
ileus
bezoar
diverticulum
ulcer
inguinal hernia
celiac disease
aa.
bb.
cc.
dd.
ee.
ff.
gg.
hh.
ii.
jj.
kk.
ll.
peritonitis
polyp
pyloric stenosis
volvulus
cholecystitis
cholelithiasis
Barrett’s esophagus
colitis
Hirschsprung’s megacolon
malabsorption syndrome
Zenker’s diverticulum
Meckel’s diverticulum
Continuing with the pathologies listed in item #3,
a.
b.
c.
classify the pathology as radiographically additive or destructive.
You may create a new spreadsheet to answer this Objective, or you may use the same
5.
radiographs for:
a.
patients with an additive GI pathology
b.
patients with a destructive GI pathology
6.
Explain the rationale for limiting the kvp range to 90-115 kVp, when
performing exams of the digestive system using either a barium sulfate suspension or
iodine-based ‘Gastrografin’.
V.
Urinary System, Chapter 6
A.
1.
2.
Discussion
3.
B.
ASSIGNMENTS
1.
th
pathology, 4 edition, Chapter 6.
2.
radiographic positions and radiologic procedures, 11th edition, Volume 2, Chapter 18, pp.
197-205, 208, 210-221, 223-225.
C.
OBJECTIVES—You may use one or more of the following resources to answer
these objectives.
(1) a medical dictionary
(2) the Merck manual
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(3) www.webmd.com, www.mayoclinic.com,
www.learningradiology.com, www.emedicinemedscape.com,
www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus and/or www.labtestsonline.org.
1.
Given a diagram of the urinary system, correctly label its component parts.
2.
Given these lab tests (below), state:
(1) the body fluid that is tested
(2) definition of each test
(3) the normal range for males & females
(4) 2 pathologies that cause an abnormally high value
(5) 2 pathologies that cause an abnormally low value
a.
b.
BUN
creatinine
c.
glomerular filtration rate (GRF)
3.
Given each of these devices, state the organ(s) it may be inserted into, and
what each is used for. If desired, prepare a spreadsheet to organize your answers.
a.
urinary retention catheter (Foley catheter)
b.
nephrostomy tube
c.
ureteral stent
4.
Using your favorite database software or spreadsheet software, and given
the following urinary system pathologies, conditions or procedures (below), use two or
more resources (identified at the beginning of item “C.”) to identify each pathology as:
(1) congenital
(4) obstructive
(2) hereditary
(5) acquired
(3) inflammatory
(6) neoplastic
If none of these categories applies, state the name of the disease from which this
condition originates.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
5.
acute glomerulonephritis
cystitis
double collecting system
fistula
horseshoe kidney
hydronephrosis
bladder carcinoma
incontinence
nephroptosis
benign prostatic hypertrophy
polycystic kidney disease
nephrolith
phlebolith
o.
p.
q.
r.
s.
t.
u.
v.
w.
x.
y.
z
pyelonephritis
renal carcinoma
renal hypertension
stenosis
extracorporeal shock wave
lithotripsy (ESWL)
ureterocele
vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)
Wilms’ tumor (nephroblastoma)
uremia
nephrolithiasis
urolith
urolithiasis
Continuing with the pathologies listed in item #4:
a.
b.
15
January 2015
c.
classify the pathology as radiographically additive, destructive
or neither.
6.
radiographs for:
a.
patients with a radiographic additive urinary system pathology
b.
patients with a radiographic destructive urinary system pathology
VI.
Cardiovascular System, Chapter 7
A.
1.
2.
Discussion
3.
B.
ASSIGNMENTS
1.
pathology, 4th edition. Chapter 7.
2.
radiographic positions and radiologic procedures, 11th edition, Volume 3, pp. 19-53,
70-117, 135-146 (axial CT images of thorax).
a.
Specifically, pp. 19-24, 54-57, 70-78.
b.
Specifially, pp. 80-82, 87-90.
3.
Web article(s) pertaining to the cardiovascular system, to enhance
textbook reading.
a.
Heart disease:
www.medicinenet.com/heart_disease_pictures_slideshow_visual_guide/article.htm
b.
Hypertension: www.youtube.com/wtch?v=jvE6at_i_Tw&NR=1
c.
Tetralogy of Fallot:
www.chop.edu/service/cardiac-center/heart-conditions/tetralogy-of-fallot.html
www.chop.edu/healthinfo/tetralogy-of-fallot.html
(1) chop = The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia
C.
these objectives.
(1) your textbook
(4) www.webmd.com
(5) www.medicinenet.com
(6) the same resources listed in the Objectives for Urinary System.
1.
Briefly explain these terms related to blood pressure
a.
sphygmomanometer
c.
diastole
b.
systole
16
January 2015
2.
through:
3.
Given a diagram of the heart & great vessels, race the pathway of blood
a.
the heart
c.
systemic circulation
b.
the pulmonary circulation
List and briefly describe the structural (anatomical) differences between:
a.
an artery
d.
a venule
b.
an arteriole
e.
a capillary
c.
a vein
4.
The heart muscle has 3 tissue layers. Correctly list each tissue layer, from
the inside, out.
5.
Cardiovascular system pathologies, identify each one as congenital, inflammatory,
obstructive, acquired or neoplastic. If none of these categories applies, state the name of
the disease from which this condition originates.
a.
aneurysm
h.
myocardial infarction (MI)
b.
atherosclerosis
i.
pulmonary edema
c.
atrial septal defect
j.
tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
d.
coarctation of aorta
k.
ventricular septal defect
e.
congestive heart failure (CHF)
l.
hypertension
f.
coronary artery disease
m. cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
g.
deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
6.
a.
b.
c.
7.
radiographs for:
a.
patients with a radiographically additive cardiovascular pathology
b.
patients with a radiographically destructive cardiovascular
pathology
VII.
Central Nervous System (CNS), Chapter 8 and a few selected pathologies from the
Endocrine System Chapter 10.
A.
1.
2.
Discussion
3.
B.
ASSIGNMENTS
1.
pathology, 4th edition. Chapter 8 & Chapter 10.
17
January 2015
2.
radiographic positions and radiologic procedures, 11th edition, Volume 3, pp. 1-18.
3.
radiographic positions and radiologic procedures, 11th edition, Workbook Volume 2,
pp. 201-204 all exercises.
4.
Ehrlich, R.A. and Daly, J.A. (2009). Patient care in radiography with an
introduction to medical imaging, 7th edition, pp. 327-329.
C.
these objectives.
(1) your textbook
(4) www.webmd.com
(5) the resources used for the Circulatory system.
1.
structures.
Given a diagram of the cerebral ventricles, correctly locate these
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
e.
f.
g.
2.
Rt. & Lt. lateral ventricles
3rd ventricle
4th ventricle
median aperature (foramen of Magendie)
lateral aperatures (foramina of Luschka)
interventricular foramen (foramen of Monro)
cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of Sylvius)
central canal
Each lateral ventricle has 3 horns. Correctly list the 2 names for each
horn.
3.
Using your favorite spreadsheet software, and given the following central
nervous system pathologies, use your PPT slides, a medical dictionary, and/or your
textbook, identify each one as congenital, inflammatory, degenerative, vascular or
neoplastic. If none of these categories applies, state the name of the disease from which
this condition originates.
a.
bacterial meningitis
i. cerebrovascular disease (CVD)
b.
subdural hematoma
j. transient ischemic attack (TIA)
c.
subarachnoid hemorrhage
k. multiple sclerosis
d.
hydrocephalus
l. Huntington’s disease
e.
meningioma
m. diabetes mellitus
f.
intracerebral hemorrhage
n. pheochromocytoma
g.
epidural hematoma
o. stroke
h.
Parkinson’s disease
p. Tay-Sachs disease
4.
a.
b.
18
January 2015
c.
5.
radiographs for:
a.
patients with an additive CNS pathology
b.
patients with a destructive CNS pathology
19
January 2015

RAD - 312 Radiographic Pathology Spring 2015 Course Instructor

Transcription

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