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25 - 27 March 2015 | Singapore
Abstract
Booklet
www.arups2015.org
2
5th ASEAN Regional Union of Psychological Societies Congress | Abstract Booklet
Scientific Review Committee
Name
Affiliation
Country
Scientific Programme Co-Chairperson:
Prof. George Bishop
Yale-NUS College and National University of Singapore
Singapore
Dr. Monica Walet
Singapore Psychological Society/Raffles College of Higher
Education
Singapore
Members:
Prof. Hanna Panggabean
Atma Jaya Indonesia Catholic University
Indonesia
Dr. Tjipto Susana
Sanata Dharma University
Indonesia
Dr. Rozainee Khairudin
Editor for the Malaysian Psychology Journal
Malaysia
Prof. Dr. Rahmatullah Khan
Former President of the Malaysian Psychological Society
Malaysia
Dr. Margaret Udarbe-Alvarez
Outgoing VP of PAP and Editor of Silliman University
Journal
Philippines
Dr. Roseann Tan-Mansukhani
Former Treasurer of Psychological Association of the
Philippines
Philippines
Dr. Anna Leybina
Moscow Metropolitan Governance University / Former SPS Russia / Singapore
Council Member
Dr. Rhoda Myra Garces Bacsal
National Institute of Education
Singapore
Dr. Kristina Burgetova
National Institute of Education
Singapore
Dr. Chu Chi Meng
Ministry of Social and Family Development
Singapore
Dr. Claire Thompson
James Cook University
Singapore
Special Thanks To:
Keng Shian Ling
National University of Singapore
Singapore
3
ORAL ABSTRACTS
4
OP Slot
Allocated
Page
Abstract Title
Abstract Domain
Presenter
Name
OP03
9
Achievement Goals on School Engagement: Looking at
the Mediating Role of Academic Emotions in Chinese
Secondary School Students
Educational
Psychology
Sin U Leong
OP04
9
Testing the Homework Quality Model among the
Filipino School Learners
Educational
Psychology
Zenaida P.
Piano
OP05
9
Baseline Data on the Alignment of Awareness,
Expecations and Understanding between Academic
and Industry Stakeholders on the K to 12 Educational
Reform in the Philippines
Organisational
Psychology
Joan Christine
C. Fortich
OP06
10
Development and Validation of a Filipino Five-Factor
Instrument: The MAPA Ng Loob
Personality
Psychology
Gregorio E. H.
del Pilar
OP07
11
The Relationship Between Mindfulness and Subjective
Well-Being Among Filipino Seminarians
Clinical
Psychology
Asiatico, Ma.
Dinah E
OP08
11
The Effects of Gestures and Pictures on Word
Acquisition and Use in Children with Autism Spectrum
Disorders
Clinical /
Developmental
Psychology
Cherie Chan
OP09
12
Painting Therapy to reduce depression for elder
individuals
Clinical
Psychology
Noviekayati
Igaa
OP10
12
Psychology for Inclusiveness In Nation Building:
Incorporating Counselling-Based Career Assistance
into Collaborative Counselling for Persons With
Disabilities
Developmental
Psychology
Quek Ai-Hwa
OP11
12
The Contribution of Different Sources of Social Support
to the Relationship between Traumatic Event Exposure
and Depression
Abnormal
Psychology
Kalon Sou
OP12
13
Mental Health State of Body Image Dissatisfaction and
Weight Status among Adolescents: A Clinical Study
Clinical
Psychology
Ang Wen-Fang
OP13
14
Exploring the Officer-Youth Relationship in Offender
Rehabilitation
Clinical
Psychology
/ Forensic
Psychology
Sara Delia
Menon
OP14
14
Emotion-Focused Coping as Moderator between
Acculturative Stress and Adaption among Temporary
Filipino Migrants in Singapore
Clinical
Psychology
/ Social
Psychology
Sheryl
Stromberg
OP15
15
The Inclusiveness of a Workplace Culture where People
with Mild Intellectual Disability Work, Singapore - Brief
Report
Others
Zheng Chengde
Derek
OP18
15
Humor Therapy to Increase Gratitude in Woman
Convict
Positive
Psychology
Miftahun
Ni’mah Suseno
OP19
18
The role of health and social capital on elderly
depression in Macau
Abnormal
Psychology
Brian J. Hall
ORAL ABSTRACTS
OP Slot
Allocated
Page
Abstract Title
Abstract Domain
Presenter
Name
OP21
18
Counterfactual Thinking Enhances Meaningfulness:
The Mediating Role of Fate Perception and Meaning
Detection
Cognitive
Psychology
Chee Sok Qun
OP23
19
Enhancing online learning using retrieval-based
practice: Implications for Singapore’s educational
system
Educational
Psychology
Paul Yong Zhi
Hao
OP25
19
Phenomenology of Resilience: Stories of Older Persons
in an Urban Poor Community in Iloilo City, Philippines
Developmental
Psychology
Bernice Vania
N. Landoy
OP27
20
Attitudes and concerns of inclusion in Singapore
Developmental
Psychology
Lau Vi-vian
OP28
20
Cognitive Profile of Children with Learning Difficulties:
Cognitive Function that Measured by WISC Bannatyne
Analysis (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children)
Developmental
Psychology
Purnamasari,
S.E.
OP29
21
The Bully and the Bullied: Understanding the
Phenomenon from Two Perspective
Developmental
Psycholoy
Bernice Vania
N. Landoy
OP30
21
Exceptional Caregivers of Dementia Patients: The
Contribution of Problem-Solving Metacognitions to
Resilience
Clinical
Psychology
Rachelle L.
Holandez
OP31
22
Compassion Fatigue and Satisfaction as Predictors of
Burnout: A Look at the Professional Quality of Life of
humanitarian and Workers in the Philippines
Clinical
Psychology
Johnrev B.
Guilaran
OP32
22
Barriers to Individuals Accessing Psychology Services
in Community Health Centers - A Qualitative Study
into Psychologists’ Experiences of Providing Services
to Puskesmas or Community Health Centers (CHCS) in
Banda Aceh
Clinical
Psychology
Lely Safrina
OP33
23
The Development and Implementation of “An Antenatal
Resilience and Optimism Workshop (AROW)”: Building
National Resilience by Reducing Risks of Postnatal
Symptoms
Clinical
Psychology
Josephine M.J.
Ratna
OP34
24
The Relationship between Insomnia, Depression, and
Anxiety in Primary Care
Abnormal
Psychology
Yap Chee
Khong
Wong Mei Yin
OP35
24
The Meaning of Play among the Ati Children in Naga,
Cebu, Philippines
Social
Psychology
Mary Donnavel
Libron
OP36
25
Survey of the Clinical Supervision of Clinical
Psychologists in Singapore
Clinical
Psychology
Isabel Law
OP36A
25
Differences between migrants and non-migrant
prevalence of potentially traumatic events, depression,
alcohol use, and social network supports: An
epidemiological study in Guangzhou, China
Abnormal
Psychology
Brian J. Hall
OP37
26
Chinese Youth’s Belief about Smoking Acquisition:
Implications for Health Education and Tobacco Control
Health
Psychology
Xiang Zhao
5
ORAL ABSTRACTS
6
OP Slot
Allocated
Page
Abstract Title
Abstract Domain
Presenter
Name
OP38
26
Coping Behavior of Soldier Amputees Assigned at 4th
Infantry Divison, Philippine Army
Health
Psychology
Olivia Therezah
P Pelagio
OP39
27
Searching for Reassurance while fearing the Worst.
Optimism and Pessimism in Online Pregnancy Loss
Boards during Suspected Miscarriage
Health Psychology
/ Others
(Cyberpsychology)
Grainne H.
Kirwan
OP40
27
Perception of Weight and Psychological Distress in
Indian Adolescents
Health
Psychology
Dr. Sonia
Suchday
OP41
28
Sociodemographic Correlates of Recurrent Emergency
Medicine Utilisation by Patients with Panic-like Anxiety:
An Exploratory Study
Clinical
Psychology
Jackie Ma
OP43
29
Unlocking Our Internal Prison: Predictors of
Stigmatising Attitudes Toward Offenders in Singapore
Forensic
Psychology
/ Social
Psychology
Tan Xiao Xian
OP45
29
Psychometric Evaluation of Quality of Life Enjoyment
and Satisfaction Questionnaire - Short Form (Q-LES-QSF) in Malaysia
Others
Teo Shi Wei
OP46
30
Altruism, Forgiveness and Resilience as Predictors of
Subjective Well-Being among Malaysian Undergraduate
Students
Positive
Psycholgy
Angeline A/P
Hirudayanathan
OP47
30
Development and Validation of a Racial Awareness
Scale in Malaysia
Social
Psychology
Sita Lakshmi
OP48
31
Autonomy Support From Organisation Enhances
Volunteerism: A Self- Determination Perspective
Social
Psychology
Ho Yi Ming
OP49
32
Distinguishing Among Lay Theories of Culture,
Ethnicitiy, and Race in Asian Contexts: Polyculturalism,
Multiculturalism, and Genetic Lay Theories in Two Asian
Countries
Social
Psychology
Allan B. I.
Bernardo
OP50
32
Improving Women Entrepreneur: The Role of
Achievement Motivation and Fear of Success on
Entrepreneurial Satisfaction
Social
Psychology
Siti Zahreni
OP51
33
Homonegativity in South East Asia: A Comparison
of Attitudes Toward Lesbians, Gay Men, and Their
Sexualities in Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines,
Malaysia, Indonesia, and Vietnam
Social
Psychology
Eric Julian
Manalastas
OP53
33
Bullying Behaviors and Self-Esteem of College Students:
A Basis for Anti-Bullying Program
Social
Psychology
Maricar N. Jose
OP54
34
Anger among Young People in a fast Globalizing
Collectivist Culture: India
Clinical
Psychology
Dr. Sonia
Suchday
ORAL ABSTRACTS
OP Slot
Allocated
Page
Abstract Title
Abstract Domain
Presenter
Name
OP55
34
The Relationship of Social Intelligence and Internet
Attitudes among Employees
Organizational
Psychology
Mayette
Gabrielle D.
Manalo
OP56
34
The Role of Supervisory Coaching Behavior And
Psychological Capital To Predict The Level of Work
Engagement Among Employees
Organisational
Psychology
Vivi Gusrini
Rahmadani
Pohan
OP57
35
Misrepresenting Oneself: How Social Comparison and
Machiavellianism Encourage Faking in Job Interviews
Organisational
/ Social
Psychology
Brenda Ng Kaar
Munn
OP58
35
Discipline of Work and the Perception of Women
Leadership in Bintara Police of Bantul Area Yogyakarta
Organizational
Psychology
Reny Yuniasanti
OP59
36
Education of Sap as Adoption of Information Technology
on Industrial and Organisational Psychology
Organizational
Psychology
Arief Fahmie
OP60
36
Diversity Management Implementation in Conjuction
with the Intention to Leave in a Coal Mining Industry,
Indonesia
Organizational
Psychology
Supra Wimbarti
OP61
37
The Relationship between Inter-role Conflict and
Academic Performance among Part-Time Working
Undergraduates
Organisational
Psychology
Tan Chee Wei
OP62
37
Character Strengths, Happiness, Life Satisfaction and
Purpose among Ethnic Groups in Singapore
Positive
Psychology
Janice Niann
Tsyr Lee
OP63
38
Life Satisfaction Associated with Existence, Relatedness
and Growth Needs Fulfillment
Positive
Psychology
Josefina C.
Ochoa
OP64
38
The effect of knowing on Awe
Positive
Psychology
Michelle Yong
Jie Hui
OP65
39
Adolescent Resilence: A Construct Analysis and
Development of Filipino Resilience Scale (FRS)
Positive
Psychology
Cecilia M.
Resurreccion
OP66
39
The Psychological Attributes of Mental Toughness:
Perceptions of P.E. Teachers in Singapore
Sports
Psychology
Edgar K. Tham
OP67
40
Stories of Disaster in a Small Island Setting: The Bayas
Island, Philippines Experience
Clinical
Psychology
Johnrev B.
Guilaran
OP68
40
Temperament Dimension and Stress Level of the Armed
Forces Reserve Command in the National Capital
Region Philippines
Clinical
Psychology
/ Health
Psychology
Bebsky Mary
Agawin
OP69
41
Life after SFBT: What factors affect whether students
of Solution Focused Brief Therapy go onto practise this
approach?
Clinical
Psychology
Jane Tuomola
OP70
41
Identity, Uncertainty, and Anxiety: Psychological Issues
Experienced by Undocumented Children
Clinical
Psychology
Maria Caridad
H. Tarroja
7
ORAL ABSTRACTS
8
OP Slot
Allocated
Page
Abstract Title
Abstract Domain
Presenter
Name
OP71
42
Training on Autism Management: Developing Inclusive
State School Teachers and Relevant Professionals’
Capability in Assisting Children with Autism Spectrum
Disorder
Clinical
Psychology
Margaretha
OP72
42
Creativity and Meaning-Making of Children with Autism
through Participartory Drawing
Clinical
Psychology
/ Abnormal
Psychology
Jessica Espanto
OP73
43
The Effect of Perception of Diversity and Collectivism to
Team Effectiveness towards Organizatioal Commitment
a Mediator
Organizational
Psychology
Silviana Yunita
OP74
43
Mom’s Involvement in Business: Does it Help to Raise
Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy?
Organizational
Psychology
Jenny Lukito
Setiawan
OP76
44
How Better-Than-Average Bias Relates to Performance
Appraisal System Satisfaction: Equity Sensitivity as the
Moderator
Organisational
Psychology
/ Social
Psychology
Law Seng Yew
OP77
45
Stimulation of Entrepreneurship Motivation Model
Development For Former Indonesian Migrant Workers
In East Java
Social
Psychology
Awang
Setiawan
Wicaksono
OP78
45
Needs Assessment of Filipino Public and Private School
Teachers: A Scale Construction
Organisational
Psychology
Marshaley J.
Baquiano
OP79
45
Impact Assessment of Psychological Intervention for
Abused Children With Case Proceedings in the Province
of Albay
Forensic
Psychology
Salvacion
A. LaguillesVillafuerte
OP80
46
Findings from a Programme of Research on youth who
have Sexually Offended in Singapore
Forensic
Psychology
Gerald Zeng
OP81
46
Assessing Youth Offenders in Singapore: A Programme
of Research on the Youth Level of Service
Forensic
Psychology
Chu Chi Meng
OP82
47
Constructing and Validating a Measure of Kiasuism
Social
Psychology
Esmeralda Ng
Ming Sze
OP83
48
A New Approach in Depression-Screening: Validation
of Psychologist in a Pocket
Clinical
Psycholgy
Paula Ferer
Cheng
OP84
49
Using Narrative Therapy in Group Intervention for
Violent Men
Forensic
Psychology
Georgina Tay
ORAL ABSTRACTS
OP03 - U Leong
OP04 - Zenaida Piano
ACHIEVEMENT GOALS ON SCHOOL
ENGAGEMENT: LOOKING AT THE MEDIATING
ROLE OF ACADEMIC EMOTIONS IN CHINESE
SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
TESTING THE HOMEWORK QUALITY MODEL
AMONG THE FILIPINO SCHOOL LEARNERS
Sin U Leong*1, Imelu G. Mordeno2
1
University of Saint Joseph, Macau, China
2
Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of
Technology
Emotions in academic situations have been known
to relate to academic motivation and school
engagement. However, inconsistent findings
concerning the relationship of achievement goal
orientations, affect and engagement suggest for
a continued research in this area (Linnenbrink,
2007; Pekrun, 2011).
The aim of the present study was to determine
if specific academic emotions mediate the
relationship between achievement goals and
school engagement.
Data was collected from 702 Chinese Secondary
School Students. A multiple mediation model
using bootstrapping procedure was performed.
Results showed that controlling for age, gender
and secondary school level, two positive academic
emotions (enjoyment and pride) mediated
the relationship of mastery and performance
approach goal orientations on school engagement
while a negative emotion (shame) mediated the
relationship between performance approach and
engagement. The results imply that students’ goal to
be competent and achieve mastery of knowledge is
likely to increase their feeling of enjoyment in the
class, of which in turn, increases their academic
engagement. Moreover, those who are motivated
to learn to demonstrate their competence in class
will likely increase their school engagement due
to feelings of pride and shame.
The findings highlight the importance of certain
positive and negative emotions in the relationship
of motivation and school engagement among
Chinese students.
Keywords: Achievement Goals, Academic
Emotions, School Engagement
Zenaida P. Piano *1
Technological University of the Philippines
Cavite
1
The study is anchored on the homework quality
model of Dettmers, Trautwein, Ludtke, Schnyder,
and Baumert (2010). The model advances that
homework quality and student characteristics are
associated with homework motivation (homework
expectancy and value beliefs), homework behavior
(time spent on homework and homework effort),
and achievement in mathematics. The study was
tested through path analysis. The study involved
369 participants. The fit of the homework model
was found to be adequate with χ2 = 97.49, df
= 2,χ2/df = 48.74, NFI = .91, IFI = .92, CFI =
.98, RMSEA = .03. The strong effects of quality
homework selection on mathematics achievement
were well established among the Filipino school
children. The model revealed that participants’
performance in mathematics achievement was
supported by well selected homework tasks and
their high levels of cognitive ability.
Keywords: homework quality, homework
motivation, achievement
OP05 - Joan Fortich
“K – 12 AND THE INDUSTRY” BASELINE
DATA ON THE ALIGNMENT OF AWARENESS,
EXPECTATIONS AND UNDERSTANDING
BETWEEN ACADEMIC AND INDUSTRY
STAKEHOLDERS ON THE K TO 12
EDUCATIONAL REFORM IN THE PHILIPPINES
Joan Christie C.Fortich
The K to 12 educational reform when viewed in
the systemic perspective transcends its influence
beyond the academe to the industries. Using
this systemic perspective, it is the contention of
this paper that the academe and the industry are
subsystems of a bigger and more encompassing
socio – political system. As components of one
social system, it is imperative that a change in the
academic subsystem can influence the industry
subsystem. It is with this logic that this paper
analyzes the alignment of awareness, perception
and expectation between academic stakeholders
9
ORAL ABSTRACTS
and industry stakeholders about the recent and
biggest structural and curricular educational reform
in the Philippines – the K to 12 educational reform.
The systemic and functional interrelatedness
between the academe and the industry is
explored in this study. Specifically, Study 1
(n=200) investigates the alignment between the
understanding and expectations of academic and
industry stakeholders of the tenets and features
of the K to 12 curriculum. Additionally, Study
2 (n=100) explores the relationship between
current employment opportunities for high
school graduates and the expected positions and
competencies for K to 12 high school graduates.
Using chi square and correspondence analysis
for Study 1, results indicate major discrepancies
and misalignment between the level of
understanding and expectation of academic and
industry stakeholders about the features of the
K to 12 curriculum and its probable recruitment
implications. Using Cramer’s V analysis for Study
2, a high negative correlation was obtained
(v= -0.6 to -0.98, p<.05) between current labor
competencies for high school students versus
expectations of industry stakeholders for K to 12
high school graduates.
A weak communication (both feedforward and
feedback) mechanism is seen as the fundamental
reason for such misalignment. Implications on a.)
a coalition between professional industry groups
and the Department of Education and b.) an active
information dissemination about the features
of the K to 12 curriculum with the aid from the
local government is endorsed by this research to
strengthen the weak communication between the
industry and academic stakeholders.
OP06 - Gregorio E.H. del Pilar
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A
FILIPINO FIVE-FACTOR INSTRUMENT: THE
MAPA NG LOOB
1
Gregorio E. H. del Pilar, Ph.D.
1
University of the Philippines Diliman
reviewed. The development of the Mapa ng
Loob (“map of the inner self”), a twenty-scale
instrument with four facet scales per domain,
and eight items per scale, is then described. The
collaborative effort headed by the author, and
participated in by a graduate class in personality
scale construction, and several undergraduate
classes in psychological measurement, required
five semesters and six field tests. Considerations
of reliability, content validity, keying balance,
and factor structure were addressed continuously
throughout the test development process. Most of
the samples came from the author’s university in
Metro Manila, but data for the last field test (total
N=574) also included student samples from three
other universities (N=192), as well as an adult
sample (N=190). Facet scale reliabilities for the
final version of the instrument ranged from .65
to .81, with twelve of the twenty scales being at
least .70. A scale-level Principal Axis Factoring
showed each facet scale loading only on its
intended factor. In the second part of the paper,
one of the validation studies that have been done
on the instrument is described. Two classes of
psychology majors of both sexes recruited current
best friends and childhood best friends, thus
creating 98 and 80 rating pairs, respectively. All
participants took the Mapa ng Loob, and rated their
partners on a single-item 5-point adjective scale
corresponding to each of the twenty facet scales.
Results confirmed expectations that Spearman’s
rho validity coefficients for current best friends on
the twenty facet scales would be higher than those
for childhood best friends, with fifteen coefficients
being significant for current best friends (.24 to
.61), and only five being so for childhood best
friends (.23 to .38). Also as expected, while the
percentage of validity coefficients that reached
significance for current best friends was 75 %
(15 of 20), only 15 % of discriminant validity
coefficients for this group (57/380) did so.
Keywords: Five-factor model, test development,
validation
Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
In the first part of this paper, the evidence
from the published psychological literature
investigating the adequacy of the Five-Factor
Model to organize Filipino trait constructs is
10
ORAL ABSTRACTS
OP07 - Dinah Asiatico
OP08 - Cherie Chan
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MINDFULNESS
AND SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING AMONG
FILIPINO
THE EFFECTS OF GESTURES AND PICTURES ON
WORD ACQUISITION AND USE IN CHILDREN
WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS
Asiatico, Ma. Dinah E., De La Salle UniversityManila, Philippines
Cherie Chan*1, David Leach*1, Bethanie
Gouldthorp1
1
Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
1
The aim of this study was to determine the
relationship between mindfulness and subjective
well-being among seminarians who went on a
five-week mindfulness program. A mixed method
research design was used in this study. Correlation
was used to see possible relationships among
five aspects of mindfulness, global mindfulness,
amount of practice time and subjective well-being.
Paired samples t-test was used to compare scores
before and after the mindfulness program on five
aspects of mindfulness and subjective well-being.
It also sought to know if there are perceived impacts
of mindfulness on subjective well-being. Results
indicated that all five aspects of mindfulness
increased after the mindfulness program as seen
in the increased mean scores. There was a link
between global mindfulness and subjective wellbeing with a significant change in correlation after
the mindfulness program was done. Observing
aspect also showed a significant relationship with
subjective well-being. Mindfulness was seen as
related to seminarians’ subjective well-being after
the mindfulness program. Furthermore, there was
an improvement in their mindfulness aspects,
and seminarians view that there is a significant
relationship between one’s mindfulness and
their subjective well-being as further explored
in the interviews. Generally, the seminarians
improved their understanding of themselves
through self-appreciation and self-recognition.
Their interpersonal relationship improved through
compassion and taking responsible actions. A
better coping style emerged through discovery
of other possible conflict resolution strategies.
Overall, the seminarians’ subjective well-being
improved in the areas of the self, relationship to
others and physical well-being.
Keywords: Mindfulness, Subjective Well-Being,
Seminarians
Although gestures have been found to aid the
development of verbal communication, little
is known about their influence on functional
communication of young children with Autism
Spectrum Disorders (ASD). This study explored the
influence of iconic gestures on word acquisition
and use by 4 – 6 year old children with ASD in
contrast to using pictures. An iconic gesture-based
teaching method was compared to a picture-based
teaching method to support word acquisition and
use. The study aimed to determine whether there
was a difference in the number of trials taken to
learn new words using either a gesture- or picturebased method, and whether any advantages would
be maintained over time. In addition, it aimed to
determine whether the two methods had differential
effects on children’s spontaneous, unplanned
vocalisations, eye contact with communicative
partner, and on-task behaviours when being taught.
Results indicated that there was an overall trend
for the children to take longer to master a new
word when using gestures compared to pictures.
This was expected as the children involved had a
history of using pictures in past communication
programmes. However, it was unexpected that,
after mastering gestures and pictures, when given
a free choice all five participants chose to use
gestures as their preferred mode of communication.
They also produced significantly more spontaneous
vocalisations, eye contacts and on-task behaviours
during the gesture-based teaching and testing
conditions compared to the picture-based
conditions indicating engagement in more
extensive, generalized communicative behaviour.
Overall gains in communication skills were
confirmed by improved scores on standardized
preschool language and communication measures.
The results encourage future research on the effects
of including iconic gestures in teaching commonly
used words with mand and tact functions especially
at early stages of intervention for young ASD
children with minimal or no verbal skills.
Keywords: Autism, Verbal Behaviour, Iconic
Gestures
11
ORAL ABSTRACTS
OP09 - Noviekayati Igaa
PAINTING THERAPY TO REDUCE DEPRESSION
FOR ELDER INDIVIDUALS
Gusti Ayu Agung Noviekayati,
Nyimas Robbyani Pandanwangi
Faculty of Psychology
1
1
The declining activity and physical changes
experienced by elder individuals bring some
consequences such as depression. Depression, in
this development phase, causes various problems.
This study aims to reduce depression in this group
of age by using Painting Therapy. The subjects
were 10 members of karang werdha kencana in
Batuan village, Sumenep.
The method used is quantitative method and depth
interviews by using the Beck Depression Inventory
as a pre-test and post-test. The calculation to see
the changes in the value of pre-test and post-test
using SPSS-based t-test is of 5662 to t count and
consulted with t table = 4604. This means that
t count> t table (5662> 4604) at p 0.01. This
suggests that depression in elderly individuals can
be reduced significantly by using painting therapy
Keyword : elder depression, painting therapy
OP10 - Quek Ai Hwa
PSYCHOLOGY FOR INCLUSIVENESS IN
NATION BUILDING: INCORPORATING
COUNSELLING-BASED CAREER ASSISTANCE
INTO COLLABORATIVE COUNSELLING FOR
PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES
Quek Ai-Hwa *
HELP University Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
This paper introduces and illustrates an innovative
role in psychology for inclusiveness in nation
building by incorporating counselling-based
career assistance into collaborative career
counselling so as to integrate persons with
disabilities into the national workforce. Career
assistance refers to the multipotentiality of each
client and the client’s family. Examples of the
client’s multipotentiality include personal values,
past experiences, personality characteristics,
skills and client’s outlook in life. From the
developmental vantage, it is recognized that
embedded in career counselling is the existence
12
of alternative possibilities, although clients with
disabilities may not have the insight or be sensitive
enough to see these alternative possibilities. What
is new in this paper is that a career counsellor
discards the traditional role of diagnosing
the client’s problems; and takes the role of a
collaborator so as to engage clients in therapeutic
relationships in the counselling process, that is
needed to shift the focus from clients’ problems
towards focusing on the clients’ multipotentiality
in career counselling. As such clients are able
to benefit from career counselling so as to hold
jobs.
Therefore, incorporating counsellingbased career assistance into collaborative career
counselling offers persons with mild to moderate
developmental or learning disabilities a means
to integrate into the national workforce. One
limitation is that career counsellors must have
multicultural counselling competence to conduct
collaborative counselling. Empirical implications
of modules practiced will be discussed. The
author invites more dialogue from the psychology
fraternity to look into the collaborative approach
for promoting inclusiveness in nation building.
Keywords: inclusiveness, collaborative
counselling
OP11 - Brian Hall
THE CONTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENT SOURCES
OF SOCIAL SUPPORT TO THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN TRAUMATIC EVENT EXPOSURE AND
DEPRESSION
Kalon SOU, MSc, 2,3Wen CHEN, PhD,
Fangjing ZHOU, BA, 4Carl Latkin, PhD, 1Brian J.
Hall, PhD
1
Department of Psychology, University of Macau,
Taipa, Macau (SAR), People’s Republic of China
2
Faculty of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology,
School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University
3
School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen Center for
Migrant Health Policy,
4
Department of Health Behavior and Society
and Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins
Bloomberg School of Public Health
1*
2,3
Although the importance of social support
networks on the mental health and well-being of
individuals who experience traumatic events (TE) is
well supported, previous studies seldom specified
ORAL ABSTRACTS
the sources of social support (e.g., family, friends)
contributing to this depression soothing effect.
The current study, therefore, aims at investigating
the possible predictors of depression, focusing
on difference sources of social support, and their
predictive strengths among TE-exposed and nonTE-exposed populations.
Data was extracted from a larger database with a
representative population sample of Chinese adults
(N = 1000). Participants were asked to complete
a self-report questionnaire. The questionnaire
consisted of items including Chinese versions
of the Life Events Checklist, Patient Health
Questionnaire and the Social Support Rating Scale
to measure participants’ exposure to potentially
traumatic events, depression and social support
networks.
Preliminary results revealed that over one-third
of the participants (34.09%) had experienced TE
personally at least once in their lives. Multiple
regression analysis demonstrated that family
support (p = .006) and TE exposure (p < .0005),
but not friend support (p = .241), were negatively
associated with depression (F(13, 536) = 4.67, p
< .0005, R2 = .080), indicating that participants
tended to be less depressed if they scored higher
in those items. Moreover, the same two variables
also contributed significantly to the impairment in
social relationship (F(13, 531) = 4.23, p < .0005,
R2 = .072; family support, p = .008; TE exposure,
p = .001) and daily work functioning (F(13, 531)
= 5.01, p < .0005, R2 = .088; family support, p =
.011; TE exposure, p = .003) caused by depression.
Finally, significant interactions between family
support and depression (p < .0005), as well as its
impaired consequences (ps < .0005), were found
among TE-experienced and non-TE-experienced
populations.
Surprisingly, our preliminary results indicated
that family support is the only source of social
support that buffers the relationship between
TE exposure and depression. This suggests that
the role of family support should be emphasized
more heavily compared to other sources of social
support in therapeutic interventions for depressed
individuals who experienced TE.
Keywords: Depression, social support, Chinese
migrants
OP12 - Quek Ai Hwa
MENTAL HEALTH STATE OF BODY IMAGE
DISSATISFACTION AND WEIGHT STATUS
AMONG ADOLESCENTS: A CLINICAL STUDY
Quek Ai-Hwa1 and Ang Wen-Fang*1
1
This clinical study contributes to empirical
literature on body image dissatisfaction and weight
status which have implications on adolescents’
mental health in Malaysia and in ASEAN countries.
The study (1) examined the relationship between
body image dissatisfaction and selected variables
(which are self-esteem, depression, and disordered
eating behaviours) among overweight adolescents
and (2) identified the predictors of body image
dissatisfaction among overweight adolescents. This
study obtained official approval from the Ministry
of Education, Malaysia, the Ethics Review Board
of the University, School Authorities’ consent,
parental and students’ consent for participation.
The sample came from a randomly selected
government school in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A
total population comprising 211students (between
13 to 16 years old) participated voluntarily in a
Body Mass Index (BMI) screening. From this BMI
screening 31 overweight students were recruited
as a final sample for the clinical study. Body image
dissatisfaction, self-esteem, depression, and
disordered eating behaviours were assessed with
the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), Rosenberg
Self-Esteem Scale (RSE), Beck Depression Index
(BDI), and Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26). Data
collected were analysed by using the Pearson
Correlation Coefficient and stepwise linear
regression. Body image dissatisfaction shows
strong significant correlations with self-esteem (r
= -.66, p < .05), depression (r = .55, p < .05),
and disordered eating behaviours (r = .68, p <
.05) among overweight adolescents. Body image
dissatisfaction in overweight adolescents is
predicted by disordered eating behaviours and
self-esteem. Results revealed that overweight
adolescents who are dissatisfied with their
body image also experienced low self-esteem,
depression and diet disorders which reflect their
low mental health. In this context, school-based
interventions in the forms of physical and mental
health screening, dietary education, and selfesteem training programs are useful for enhancing
13
ORAL ABSTRACTS
promote healthy body ideals, healthy dietary
strategies, and to bolster self-esteem.
It is recommended that moderator variables need
to be identified for further research to examine
their influences on overweight adolescents’ body
image attitudes. Other implications are also
discussed.
Keywords: body, image, dissatisfaction
OP13- Sara Delia Menon
EXPLORING THE OFFICER-YOUTH
RELATIONSHIP IN OFFENDER
REHABILITATION
Sara Delia Menon*1, Dr Joanna Barlas2
Doctor of Psychology (Clinical) Candidate,
James Cook University (JCU) (Australia);
Assistant Director/ Psychologist, Psychological
Services Branch, Singapore Prison Service (SPS)
1
correlated to a positive attitude to prisoners, and 2)
higher levels of officers’ attachment anxiety were
positively correlated with authoritarian parenting
practices. No significant relationship was found
between officers’ attitude towards prisoners and
their parenting styles. Applied thematic analysis of
the interview transcripts revealed several themes
which contributed to a richer understanding
of initial quantitative data (for example, the
importance of shared experiences between officers
and youth offenders and the impact of the officers
age on the officer-youth relationship). Findings
from the current study expand the understanding
of how prison officers relate to youth offenders,
and can influence a more targeted approach to
the selection and training of those who work with
unique offender groups. This in turn will help
maximise the rehabilitation potential of the prison
environment, through enhancing the relationship
between staff and youth offender.
Keywords: officer, youth, relationship
Clinical Psychologist; Lecturer in Clinical
Psychology, JCU Singapore
OP14 - Sheryl Stromberg
Given the evolution of theory and practice
surrounding offender rehabilitation, external
responsivity factors in offender rehabilitation
remain arguably less understood than offender
risk and need. Youth offenders have historically
been seen as a population requiring formal
treatment provision, and the relationship between
prison officer and youth offender has been
viewed as one that can be harnessed for positive
change. Purpose: The current study was interested
in studying the experience of prison officers
working with the youth offender population from
a relational perspective, borrowing ideas from
the parenting as well as attachment literature.
As there are few studies exploring the prison
officer-offender relationship within a parenting
context, the current study adopted a mixedmethod, explanatory sequential design utilising
cross-sectional questionnaire data with indepth individual interviews. 67 prison officers
completed the Experiences in Close Relationships
Questionnaire – Revised (ECR-R), the Parenting
Practices Questionnaire and the Attitudes Towards
Prisoners (ATP) Scale. From the initial sample, 12
prison officers indicated interest to participate
in the follow-up semi-structured interview.
Quantitative analysis showed that 1) higher levels
of officers’ attachment avoidance were negatively
EMOTION-FOCUSED COPING AS MODERATOR
BETWEEN ACCULTURATIVE STRESS AND
ADAPTATION AMONG TEMPORARY FILIPINO
MIGRANTS IN SINGAPORE
2
14
Sheryl Stromberg*1, Arsenio Sze Alianan Jr. 1
1
Ateneo de Manila University, Loyola Heights,
Quezon City, Philippines
This study examined whether emotion-focused
coping moderates between acculturative stress
and adaptation among temporary Filipino migrant
workers in Singapore. One hundred ninety
temporary Filipino migrants aged 20 to 39 years
old and working in selected service industries
completed a survey. Respondents rated items in
the study’s questionnaire, which consisted of
an acculturative stress scale, emotion-focused
coping scale, depression scale, and sociocultural
adjustment scale. Higher order factor analysis of
the emotion-focused subscale of COPE inventory
yielded two subset scales, approach coping in
emotion-focused coping and avoidance coping
in emotion-focused coping. Results showed that
acculturative stress influence both psychological
and sociocultural adaptation of temporary Filipino
migrant workers. However, emotion-focused
coping did not seem to serve as buffer between
ORAL ABSTRACTS
acculturative stress and adaptation. The nonsignificant finding of emotion-focused coping as
moderator adheres to the complexity of coping
strategies in acculturation and at the same time
serves as an illustrative study which directs
future research in systematically examining
other culturally relevant coping strategies in
acculturation among Filipino migrants in Asia.
scores amongst the two groups. DSS Graduates
had lower scores for their workplace inclusion
survey. Another finding from this study was that
all colleagues stated positive feedback about their
DSS Graduate co-workers.
Keywords: stress, coping, adaptation
OP18 - Miftah Suseno
OP15 - ARUPS1109 - Derek Zheng
HUMOR THERAPY TO INCREASE GRATITUDE IN
WOMAN CONVICT
THE INCLUSIVENESS OF A WORKPLACE
The inclusiveness of a workplace culture where
people with mild intellectual disability work,
Singapore – Brief Report
Zheng Chengde Derek*1
1
Association of Persons with Special Needs –
Delta Senior School
Employment is a crucial part of working age
adults. Singapore has recently rectified the United
Nations conventions on the rights of persons
with disabilities (UNCRPD) in 2013 to signal
her commitment towards providing people with
disabilities the same rights as others. By utilising
the Massachusetts Natural Supports Project at the
Institute for Community Inclusion’s Workplace
Culture Survey (Max Score: 40), this brief report
explores the workplace inclusiveness of nine
companies who employ individuals with Mild
Intellectual Disability (MID) to investigate if there
is a significant difference between the workplace
inclusion scores of employees with MID in
comparison with their colleagues. Through the
semi-structured interview, colleagues will also
be asked about keywords that they would use
to describe DSS colleagues whom they work
alongside with. Participants with MID were
graduates from the Association of Persons with
Special Needs (APSN) – Delta Senior School
(DSS). Preliminary analysis of data using IBM
Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS)
20 for independent-samples t-test was computed
to analyse the scores between workers with
MID versus colleagues. There was a difference
in the means of scores for workers with MID
(n = 9, M = 27.0, SD = 4.03) versus colleague
(n = 9, M = 31.67, SD = 3.46); t (16) = 2.643, p
< 0.018. This suggests that there is a significance
difference between the workplace inclusion
Keywords: Intellectual Disability, Work,
Singapore
1
Miftahun Ni’mah Suseno
1
State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga
Yogyakarta Indonesia
Gratitude is one of the psychological and spiritual
conditions that need to be developed in order
to be able to female inmates to take lessons and
be grateful even in conditions like those faced
today is to be in on prison. Growing gratitude,
especially woman who live on prison is a step in
the empowerment of the community is important,
because at this critical time foster gratitude in
them, given the problems it faces today, there will
still be a positive thing to be thankful. According
to Froh, Yurkewicz, C & Kashdan (2009), one of
the factors that affect the gratitude is the positive
affect. Positive affective is perceived in the form of
positive feelings on individuals capable of causing
a feeling of gratitude. One of the things that can
cause a positive affective is humor. Humor is a
thing that can never be removed in everyday
life. Humor therapy is a form of psychological
intervention that is easy to do and can be given to
anyone regardless of age. Humor therapy is the art
of laughter to treat the disease. The use of laughter
in therapy is very useful (Kurniawan, 2009).
Humor therapy is a therapy that does not require
a lot of equipment. This therapy can be done
using VCD media, magazines, television or not
to use the equipment at all, with each other
funny stories with others. Furthermore humor
therapy has no restrictions of space and time in
the implementation, and does not require the
presence of a therapist professional because
individual or group can apply it independently.
So that humor therapy is very effective to give
to anyone, including convict so that they can
conduct themselves as a form of development
they sense of humor, albeit in different levels.
15
ORAL ABSTRACTS
Therefore, this study focused on community
empowerment through the development of
therapeutic interventions gratitude by applying
humor on woman convict.
People who are grateful are those who
acknowledge the favor of God and acknowledge
God as the giver, submission to God, love of God,
the good pleasure of God and favors using it in
things like God in order to obey God. Gratitude
must be accompanied by science and charity
based on the submission as well as our devotion
to God who has given pleasure. Al-Munajjid
(2006) explains that gratitude can arise due to
three aspects: (a) Know favors that bring hearts,
aware and convinced that everything and wonders
that we have and through the favor of God, (b)
Accepting favors is understood that favors it were
not for the blessing we get it going, but because it
is the form of God’s grace and mercy, (c) Praising
God for granting favors. Praise can form two
kinds of general nature with praise that God is
beneficent, generous, kind, giving broad and so,
while the latter is special is talking about favors
received by detailing the favors it and express
it verbally and using these for favors things that
God approves.
According Froh, Yurkewicz, C & Kashdan (2009),
factors that affect the gratitude in adolescence
are: (a) Positive Affect is a positive feeling that is
felt in the form of an individual. Able to induce
positive feelings of gratitude, (b) Perceptions of
Peer, perception peer influence on adolescents
in grateful, (c) Family Social Support, the role of
the family in providing support to young people
in dealing with problems to make adolescents feel
grateful because of the attention given to the shape
and also the support it receives, (d) Optimistic,
someone that has a feeling of optimism, tend
to have a good personality to be able to assess
everything in a positive way. Meanwhile, according
Mc. Cullough, et al (2002) factors affecting grateful
are (a) Emotionality / Well-being one or the degree
to which a person’s tendency to react emotionally
and feel satisfaction with his life, (b) Pro sociality
tendency of a person to be accepted by the social
environment, (c) Spirituality/Religiousness, with
regard to religious faith, which concerns the
Grateful transcendental values in adolescents is
influenced by many factors. Base d on the above
description can be concluded that the factors that
affect grateful are positive affection, the support of
16
family, peer perception, optimistic, emotionality/
well-being, pro social, and religiousness. Factors
that inhibit the emergence gratitude are as follows:
(a) To feel grateful, someone needs a broad view
of life. Gratitude can also arise when a person is
aware of the loss on him, (b) Negative perceptions
can hinder a person’s perceived to be grateful,
(c) Arrogant attitude can also h inder gratitude,
because the individual feels that he has the power
over everything that happened.
American Association for Humor Therapy (Meyer,
2007), states that humor therapy is a therapeutic
intervention using stimuli that stimulate the
expression of pleasure. This intervention may
enhance health or be used as a complementary
treatment of illness to facilitate healing or coping,
whether physical, emotional, cognitive, social, or
spiritual. Kurniawan (2009) says that laughter is
recommended in addition to the health, quality
of laughter is also considered worship when
accompanied by sincere and honest intentions.
According Sayikh Al Qarni (Kurniawan, 2009),
alms laughter, laughter also suggests optimistic,
spiritual and medicinal antidote for soul tired after
work, a sign of generosity, a cue for an attitude
of confidence and a sign for the pure purpose.
Laughter also showed happiness. God has given
gifts to the human feelings of the heart will react
to something that is seen, felt and expressed that
excitement, sadness that is usually followed by
anger. Excessive excitement, and deep sadness
when they can not control would lead to a flood
of emotions.
Growing gratitude on woman convict especially
those living in correctional institution is a
community empowerment is important, because
at this critical time foster gratitude in them, given
the problems it faces today, the pressures of life
that make woman convict vulnerable to conditions
of stress or depression. Gratitude be things that
need to be developed within the woman convict
that there is a process of positive thinking to the
conditions that exist today. Gratitude for prisoners
is essential to develop due to the presence of
gratitude will encourage woman convict to live a
life in captivity, gratitude will invite mindset and
feelings and behavior of woman convict to be
more positive in looking at her life so hopefully
there is a positive force for survival in institutions
Correctional and mental and spiritual readiness
while out and live in the community again.
ORAL ABSTRACTS
Humor therapy is one way to improve gratitude,
with humor therapy the woman convict will be
invited to relax the energy in a positive direction
and give a new zest for life. The purpose of
humor therapy is a therapeutic intervention using
stimuli that stimulate the expression of pleasure.
These interventions can improve physical health,
emotional, cognitive, social, or spiritual (Meyer,
2007 & Kurniawan, 2009).
in the form of self-assessment and self-reflection.
Humor therapy consists of four with the overall
presentation of the material during the three days
to the total number of sessions as many as twelve
sessions with duration of each session for 30-60
minutes. Humor therapy involves 1 trainer and 1
co trainer and one observer.
A measure of gratitude was developed by using
aspect from Al-Munajjid (2006). Based on item
selection with restrictions rix ≥ 0.3 and reliability
testing, gratitude scale consisting of 54 item 42
item declared valid by item Discrimination index
moving between 0.280 to 0.696 and there is a 12
item fall because they have item with item total
correlation < 0.3. The reliability of the scale by
using the approach of internal consistency showed
alpha coefficient of 0.920.
Data were analyzed using nonparametric testwilcoxon analysis show that there is a difference
in gratitude prior and after the therapy (Z= - 3,923;
p<0.05), it is means that’s gratitude increasing
after experiment. The result of this experiment
confirmed the hypothesis. Woman convict who
had very different conditions with people in
general. A prisoner in a certain period should
be in place that limited scope, limited activities,
limited communication and limited everything. In
addition to the limited environmental conditions,
prisoners are also constantly faced with various
problems such as the problem of adaptation
to the new environment, the problem of social
interaction with fellow convict, as well as
emerging issues related to self- punishment that
is being undertaken. In this condition, there are
woman convict who can handle it well, and some
do not. If that appears only feelings of anger,
resentment, regret, despair and even then it will
increasingly make the downturn. This condition
makes important the presence of positive emotions
should one of them owned by the prisoner is
Gratitude. With gratitude then what will feel
good when undertaken, a capable grateful will
always realize, accept and praise God as the giver
of favors. A woman convict who is able to give
thanks to the current condition will be better able
to accept and live our daily lives in on prison
quietly, far from feeling worried and anxious.
Therefore gratitude on convict, especially women
need to be developed. Humor therapy is one of the
various methods of psychological interventions
that can be used to improve gratitude. Stimulation
of humor used in this study self-assessment using
the media, audiovisual and reflection. The results
showed that there was an increase in woman
convict gratitude after they get humor therapy.
The humor teraphy module was developed on the
basis perspektif from Meyer (2007) and Kurniawan
(2009). The process of preparation of the module
involves discussion with the trainer to make
adjustments to the technical implementation of
the training materials are widely used spreadsheet
Based on these conclusions can be suggested
to the subjects to adopt the materials delivered
in therapeutic humor in everyday life both as
individuals and as part of a social environment, in
an effort to improve gratitude. For further research
to replicate well with the same dependent variable
Hence, we need for methods that can be used to
increase positive emotions, especially gratitude by
increasing brain stimulation as well as lowering
stress levels, one of them by using humor therapy.
With the gratitude owned it is expected that the
woman convict were able to see the reality of life
from a positive perspective and there is readiness
in God to boldly move forward to see the future
and purpose of a better life and blessing. Gratitude,
which is able to recognize, accept and give praise
to God for the blessings given to her. The current
situation can be faced as a favor for the woman
convict and the woman convict when they find
gratitude with current conditions then they will be
better prepared mentally and spiritually evolved
towards the better.
This experiment examined the influence of humor
therapy in improving gratitude among woman
convict in prison. The hypothesis was that there
is significant difference in gratitude among
participant in experimental group between pre and
post experiment. The subjects of this experiment
were 20 woman convict with age ranging from 23
– 47 years old. The design of this experiment was
one group with pretest and posttest design.
17
ORAL ABSTRACTS
is gratitude but using different settings and subjects
that will strengthen the external validity of humor
therapy treatment for generalizing the results or
conduct research using humor as a therapy module
intervention against another dependent variable
so that the therapy humor module can be proven
validity in changing behavior. Share on prison
managers to follow the model of intervention
using humor therapy for other inmates in an effort
to develop potential especially gratitude.
Keyword: humor therapy, gratitude, woman
convict
OP19 - Tat Leong Wu
THE ROLE OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL CAPITAL
ON ELDERLY DEPRESSION IN MACAU
Tat Leong Wu1, Agnes, I. F. Lam, PhD2, Brian J.
Hall, PhD1*
1
Macau (SAR), People’s Republic of China
2
Department of Communication, University of
Macau, Macau (SAR), People’s Republic of China
Depression is a disorder commonly affecting the
Chinese elderly population. Macau, China has
the second highest life expectancy in the world,
and therefore research into the determinants of
elderly mental health, particularly among those
experiencing poverty, is an important public
health priority.
Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 366
Chinese elders living in public housing (age 65 to
94). Standardized questions were asked regarding
health status, living arrangements, cognitive social
capital (i.e., community trust), and depression
symptoms to obtain comprehensive information
on each respondent. We predicted that poorer
health status and social capital would predict
greater depression in this sample.
Preliminary
analysis
indicated
significant
correlations between depression and age (r =
.11, p = 0.03), socioeconomic status (r = .22, p
< .001), self-perceived health status (r = -.42, p <
.001), and social capital (r = -.15, p = .01). After
controlling for potential confounding, regression
analysis demonstrated significant associations
between socioeconomic status (B = 1.31, p = .001,
[CI = 0.53,2.10]), self-perceived health status (B
18
= -1.88, p < .001, [CI = -2.45,-1.31]), and social
capital (B = -1.19, p = 0.01, [CI = -2.10,-0.28]).
Poor health and lower social capital were strong
predictors of depressive symptomatology in this
elderly Macau sample. These results suggest that in
addition to improving health status, interventions
to improve social and community relationships is
important in addressing elderly depression.
OP21 - Chee Sok Qun
COUNTERFACTUAL THINKING ENHANCES
MEANINGFULNESS:
THE MEDIATING ROLE OF FATE PERCEPTION
AND MEANING DETECTION
Chee Sok Qun*1
1
Department of Psychology, HELP University,
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Counterfactual thinking (thought about possible
options in the past) is pervasive in our lives as
we always wonder what might have been if we
have had chosen the untaken path. Recently,
Kray and colleagues (2010) have found that
thinking how a life event might have turned out
differently can increase the meaningfulness of
the life event and that this effect is mediated by
fate perception (a belief that a life event is meant
to happen no matter what). This study aims to
provide empirical support to Kray et al.’s (2010)
and extend their study by proposing meaning
detection (meaning-making process) as a way to
explain the effect of counterfactual thinking on
meaningfulness of a life event. Meaning detection
is similar to assimilation in which people use
their worldviews (i.e. assumptions, beliefs, and
values) in interpreting and understanding their
life experience. This study also aims to provide
empirical support for Park’s (2010) meaningmaking model which posits that meaning-making
process (meaning detection) and meaningfulness
(product of meaning-making process) are two
distinct processes. This study employed a single
factor between-subjects experimental design in
examining the proposed hypothesis – the effect
of counterfactual thinking on meaningfulness of a
positive life event (specifically, educational choice),
with the proposed mediation by fate perception
and meaning detection. Positive emotions were
controlled due to its potential confounding effect
suggested in the literature (e.g., King, Hicks, Krull,
ORAL ABSTRACTS
& Gaiso, 2006; Koo, Algoe, Wilson, & Gilbert,
2008). A total of 54 participants were recruited
and data were tested using hierarchical regression.
The results showed a non-significant effect of
counterfactual thinking on meaningfulness of a
positive life event. Since the study has failed to
establish the direct effect, follow-up mediation
analysis was not conducted. However, a link
between meaning detection and meaningfulness
was found, suggesting that meaning detection
could be a suppressor variable for positive emotions
in their relation to meaningfulness of a positive
life event. These findings have contributed to a
better understanding on the potential relationship
between positive emotions, meaning detection,
and meaningfulness.
Keywords: Counterfactual thinking, Fate
perception, Meaning detection
OP23 - Paul Yong ZhiHao
ENHANCING ONLINE LEARNING USING
RETRIEVAL-BASED PRACTICE:
IMPLICATIONS FOR SINGAPORE’S
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
Paul Zhihao YONG*1 and Stephen Wee Hun LIM1
1
National University of Singapore, Singapore
A goal that our contemporary Singaporean society
pursues relates to meaningful transformations in
our educational system, which would in turn –
and very crucially – determine the progress of our
society, in terms of our workforce quality, national
economy, and so forth. Specifically, productive
methodologies of education – instruction and
learning – are constantly sought with the aim to
yield optimal educational approaches. Educators
typically rely heavily on learning activities that
encourage elaborative studying, whereas activities
that require students to practice retrieving and
reconstructing knowledge are used less frequently.
Yet, recent research revealed that retrieval-based
learning or practice effectively promotes longterm retention of knowledge (see, e.g., Karpicke
& Grimaldi, 2012, for a review). In and beyond
Singapore, online education is rapidly gaining
popularity. In this light, we conducted the very first
study to investigate the effects of retrieval-based
learning, if any, in an online learning context.
Specifically, we hypothesized that retrieval-based
practice promotes long-term retention in the
context of online learning. Participants either (a)
studied an online lecture four times, (b) studied
the lecture thrice and took a single test, or (c)
studied the online lecture once and took three
tests, before undergoing a final test to assess their
learning. A between-subjects statistical analysis
of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc t-test analyses
were performed. Results revealed that repeated
studying (i.e. studying an online lecture four
times) – relative to repeated testing (i.e. studying
an online lecture once before taking three tests) –
improved recall performance in the short term (i.e.
when a final test was immediately administered).
The more crucial finding was that, even though
participants who studied repeatedly imagined
that they would perform well on delayed tests as
compared to participants who were repeatedly
tested, repeated testing actually produced greater
long-term retention than did repeated studying.
The process of retrieval is observed, for the first
time, to be a powerful tool for improving learning
in an online learning context. New online learning
activities could be designed and potentially shape
the way our Singaporean educational system will
evolve and function effectively in the future.
Keywords: Retrieval-based practice;
contemporary education; online learning
OP25 - Bernice Vania
PHENOMENOLOGY OF RESILIENCE: STORIES
OF OLDER PERSONS IN AN URBAN POOR
COMMUNITY IN ILOILO CITY, PHILIPPINES
Bernice Vania N. Landoy*1 and Alice PrietoCarolino1
Resilience is defined as the process of overcoming
the negative effects of risk exposure, coping
successfully with distressful experiences, and
avoiding the negative trajectories associated with
risk (Luthar, Cicchetti, & Becker, 2000). Resilience
theory focuses on understanding healthy
development in spite of adversities by highlighting
the role of assets or characteristics that are inherent
in individuals, and resources or factors outside
the individuals, that help them cope effectively.
Resilience has been widely studied in children and
young people. This research, on the other hand,
aims to develop a better understanding of resilience
in late adulthood. Specific focus is given to the
adversities that older adults have encountered and
19
ORAL ABSTRACTS
are encountering, the coping strategies that they
employ, and the factors that contribute to their
resilience. Using the phenomenological approach,
the lived experiences of two older women and
two older men in an urban poor community in
Iloilo City, Philippines are discussed. These older
people faced adverse conditions in the form of
long-standing poverty and the loss of significant
others prior to reaching late adulthood. They also
continue to financially support and care for their
children and grandchildren. Thematic analyses of
their autobiography revealed themes of migration,
difficulties and psychological hardiness, coping,
and resilience. Intrinsic factors such as self-efficacy,
competence, and generative concerns served
as contributors to resilience. Moreover, other
contributing factors are resources which came in
the form of social support and a community that
accepts the economic activity of older people. The
findings provide important policy implications for
promoting and enhancing resilience among late
adults especially before they reach old age.
This study added to the scant literature on the
psychological dimensions of late adulthood in the
Philippines.
1
University of the Philippines Visayas, Miagao,
Iloilo, Philippines
Keywords: Resilience, old age
OP27 - Vi Vian Lau
ATTITUDES AND CONCERNS OF INCLUSION
IN SINGAPORE
Ms Lau Vi-vian (MPsychEd) & 1 Dr Annemaree
Carroll (Associate Professor, 1 University of
Queensland, Australia)
1
The impact of teacher training has been essential to
increase awareness and attitudes towards people
with disabilities (Carroll, Forlin & Joblin, 2003).
The Singapore study on preschool pre-service
teachers on their attitudes towards inclusion in
Singapore (Lau, 2005) was part of an international
research study which has since been validated in
Canada, Australia, Hong Kong and India.
The aim of the study is to show an increased
trend and need for pre-service training in
inclusive practices in Singapore. This study used
the Sentiments, Attitudes and Concerns about
Inclusive Education-Revised (SACIE-R) Scale
20
(Forlin, Earle, Loreman & Sharma, 2011) and
the Teacher Efficacy for Inclusive Practice (TEIP)
Scale (Sharma, Loreman & Forlin, 2012). Eighty
nine diploma students in pre-service training
served as participants. Pre-service teachers’
perceptions were measured on their comfort
levels when engaging with people with disabilities
and also took into account their concerns about
implementing inclusion. By advocating skills in
teaching and designing inclusive classrooms at
the pre-service level, this would eventually lead to
improved teacher efficacy to implement inclusive
practices in the classrooms.
OP28 - Santi Purnamasari
COGNITIVE PROFILE OF CHILDREN WITH
LEARNING DIFFICULTIES : COGNITIVE
FUNCTION THAT MEASURED BY WISC
BANNATYNE ANALYSIS (WECHSLER
INTELLIGENCE SCALE FOR CHILDREN)
Widyana, R.*1, Purnamasari, S.E.*2
Faculty of Psychology, Mercu Buana Yogyakarta
University
2
Faculty of Psychology, Mercu Buana Yogyakarta
University
1
Many researchers had been discussed about
the categorization of Wechsler subtests (spatial
ability, conceptualizing, acquired knowledge and
sequencing ability) in order to identified children
with learning difficulties (reading difficulties and
calculating difficulties). The aimed of this research
was to explore the cognitive profile of children
with learning difficulties through WISC Test. The
data was collected from 93 children who reported
have reading and calculating difficulties from their
school and from screening process that conducted
by researchers as well. The data showed that 14
children were identified as mental retarded (IQ
below 70) and 23 children identified as borderline
(IQ : 70-79).
According to comparison analysis, the result
showed that IQ performance significantly higher
than IQ verbal both for children who have reading
difficulties (t = 3,551; p<0,01); and for children
who have calculating difficulties (t = 3,342;
p<0,01). However, bannatyne analysis pattern
cannot be used as a tool to see the differentiation
of reading difficulties among normal children
because there was no big different between spatial
ORAL ABSTRACTS
pattern score, conceptual score, knowledge and
sequential score on children who have reading
and calculating difficulties. In a nut shell, reading
and calculating difficulties cannot be diagnostic
only by WISC Bannatyne analysis pattern but it
must be supported by other assessment tools. to ecological systems that need to be focused on
for the prevention and intervention on bullying in
Philippine high schools.
Key words : Bannatyne analysis, WISC, children
with special learning difficulties
Keywords: Bullying among adolescents
OP29 - Bernice Vania
THE BULLY AND THE BULLIED:
UNDERSTANDING THE PHENOMENON FROM
TWO PERSPECTIVES
Bernice Vania N. Landoy
*1
Bullying is commonly characterized as an
aggressive behavior that is intended to cause
distress or harm, involves an imbalance of
power or strength between the aggressor and the
victim, and commonly occurs repeatedly over
time (Olweus, 1993). Bullying has been found to
occur in many public and private schools in the
Philippines. Many of the information on bullying
thus far, however, look only at the incidence of
bullying and the type of bullying behavior that are
employed by perpetrators. This paper takes on a
deeper look at bullying from the perspective of
both perpetrator and the victim using data that
was gathered from one public high school in the
province of Iloilo in the Philippines. The data,
which comes from 461 adolescents, is part of a
baseline information on bullying that is gathered
for the Psychologists for Philippine Education
Program of the Psychological Association of the
Philippines and the Department of Education to
address child protection issues in the country. The
data were gathered using a survey and indigenous
research methods of pakikipagpalagayang-loob or
mutual trust, and pakikipagkwentuhan or informal
conversation. Results show that perpetrators have
experienced being the victim of bullying as well.
On the other hand, other than the incidence of
bullying and the kinds of bullying behaviors that
they experienced, the victims also articulated
reasons why they are bullied, the impact of
bullying on their academic performance and peer
relationships, and the social support systems that
are in place to stop bullying. The victims’ coping
responses to bullying show a respect for Kapwaan inner self shared with others, and sensitivity
to the bullies’ dignity. The results draw attention
Iloilo, Philippines
1
OP30 - Rachelle Holandez
EXCEPTIONAL CAREGIVERS OF DEMENTIA
PATIENTS: THE CONTRIBUTION OF PROBLEMSOLVING METACOGNITIONS TO RESILIENCE
Rachelle L. Holandez
Department of Psychology, University of the
Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines
Caregivers of dementia patients face more
demands and experience more stress compared
to those caring for nondementing individuals.
This study was interested in exceptional informal
Filipino caregivers of dementia patients in order
to more directly glean sources of resilience and
features of metacognitive thinking that allow them
to function effectively as caregivers. Ten informal
Filipino caregivers were endorsed for their
exceptionality by the clinicians who worked with
the dementia patients and their families. Narrative
data were collected through interviews and
researcher reflections with the intent of developing
a grounded theory. Data were analyzed using
the constant comparative method. Results of the
study showed that exceptional Filipino dementia
caregivers possess a broad view of caregiving
and their own resilience. The central concept that
came forth in the grounded theory was “intindi”,
a Filipino term that translates to “compassionate
understanding.” It embodied the two key elements
that emerged in exceptional Filipino caregivers’
thinking process. First, is a contextual knowledge
of the dementia patient that allowed them to
see causal links regarding the patient’s behavior.
Second is a concern for the dementia patient’s wellbeing that is based on compassion and placing
the patient’s needs first. “Intindi” also described
cognitive processes that matched very closely
with problem-solving metacognitions as described
in the literature. “Intindi” is primarily a cognitive
process that monitored what the caregivers know
about the dementia patient and how effective their
solutions were to problem situations. Spirituality,
when defined broadly, also encompassed “intindi”
21
ORAL ABSTRACTS
with respect to one’s connectedness with others.
This study has three major contributions: first, it
captures and describes the Filipino concept of
“intindi” as an insight- and compassion-driven
mindset that characterizes the exceptional
informal Filipino caregiver; second, it is likely one
of the first studies on Filipino dementia caregivers
in the Philippines; and third, it presents a processoriented view of problem-solving coping in
resilience. By shedding light on problem-solving
perspectives and strategies in caregiving, the
study shows how health professionals can keep
the negative effects of caregiver distress at bay,
made urgent by the fact that dementia is on the
rise and that the number of informal caregivers
will increase alongside it.
Keywords: Caregivers, Dementia,
Metacognitions
OP31 - Johnrev Guilaran
COMPASSION FATIGUE AND SATISFACTION
AS PREDICTORS OF BURNOUT:
A LOOK AT THE PROFESSIONAL QUALITY OF
LIFE OF HUMANITARIAN AID WORKERS IN
THE PHILIPPINES
Johnrev B. Guilaran*1
1
Iloilo, Philippines
The Philippines is one of the top countries in the
world in terms of disaster risk, and in times of
disaster, humanitarian aid workers are usually at the
forefront of response, recovery, and rehabilitation
efforts. Like disasters having effects on survivors,
humanitarian aid work also has effects on the
worker, and among these are Compassion Fatigue
(CF), the gradual decline in compassion across
time due to exposure to other people’s suffering
(Figley, 1995); Compassion Satisfaction (CS),
the feeling of satisfaction about one’s job and of
helping itself (Stamm, 2010); and, Burnout (BO),
characterized by feelings of being disconnected,
unhappy, and insensitive to the work environment
(Stamm, 2010) . This paper looked into the CF,
CS, and BO profile of humanitarian aid workers
immersed in disaster work. Following Ray et al.’s
(2013) framework adapted from Stamm (2009)
on the Professional Quality of Life, the study
explored CF and CS as predictors of BO. Eighty
three humanitarian aid workers from different
22
Nongovernment Organizations based in the
Philippines participated in the study which looked
into the profile of CF, CS, and BO using Stamm’s
(2005) Professional Quality of Life (PROQoL)
Scale. Participants were involved in disaster
work between 2008 and 2012. Results show that
participants in the study generally have average
levels of CF and BO but have high levels of CS.
Multiple regression analysis confirmed Ray et
al.’s framework, with CF (B=0.408, p<0.000) and
CS (B=-0.473, p<0.000) predicting BO, with an
effect size of 0.402. The study also looked into the
specific components of CF and CS in predicting
BO, and found several components to explain more
variance than others. Differences between males
and females were also observed. Implications on
staff care of humanitarian aid workers in disaster
situations are discussed.
Keywords: Disaster, Burnout, Humanitarian
Relief Workers
OP32 - Lely Safrina
BARRIERS TO INDIVIDUALS ACCESSING
PSYCHOLOGY SERVICES IN COMMUNITY
HEALTH CENTERS – A QUALITATIVE STUDY
INTO PSYCHOLOGISTS’ EXPERIENCES OF
PROVIDING SERVICES TO PUSKESMAS OR
COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTERS (CHCS) IN
BANDA ACEH
Lely Safrina1
1
Lecturer, Psychology Department, Syiah Kuala
University, Aceh, Indonesia
High rates of psychopathology, including
symptoms of anxiety, affective disorders, and
post-traumatic stress symptom have been reported
amongst survivors of the earthquake and tsunami
in Aceh and Nias. Mental health specialists have
been limited in Aceh, although since the tsunami
mental health training has been provided to the
health department staff whose services are in
primary care. In addition, to reach the community,
mental health approaches based on community
interventions have been established and funded
by some agencies in terms of assessment and
treatment or intervention. However, there
continue to be substantial barriers to accessing
mental health care in CHCs in Aceh. This research
has sought to develop understanding into the
experiences of those volunteer psychologists who
ORAL ABSTRACTS
provide mental health care services in CHCs in
Banda Aceh in order to gain knowledge for the
improvement community mental health provision
in Aceh. The design of this research is qualitative as
this is considered the most appropriate method to
address the research question that seeks an in depth
understanding of the experiences and opinions of
a small group of Clinical Psychologists working
in Aceh. The 60 minutes semi-structured interview
schedule was intended to explore these aspects
of participants’ experiences. Data was analysed
inductively, which is a “process of coding the
data without trying to fit into pre-existing coding
frame, or the researcher’s analytic preconceptions
or called data-driven”. This research reported the
community beliefs, stigma, taboo and perception
toward mental illness and person with mental
illnesses that prevent individuals and their family
within the community in Aceh from accessing
mental health services.
Keyword: mental health services, access,
prevent, barriers.
OP33 - Josephine Ratna
THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION
OF “AN ANTENATAL RESILIENCE AND
OPTIMISM WORKSHOP (AROW)”: BUILDING
NATIONAL RESILIENCE BY REDUCING RISKS
OF POSTNATAL DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS
Josephine M.J. Ratna*1, Robert T.Kane1,
and Clare S. Rees1
1
School of Psychology and Speech Pathology,
Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia
Being pregnant is considered a major stressful life
event, which automatically carries the potential
for developing antenatal and postnatal depression.
Postnatal depression (PND) is commonly reported
complication after childbirth. In developing
countries, PND is poorly recognised, untreated
and creates ongoing potential problems for the
mother, the newborn and the family, such as poor
parenting. PND accounts for 45% of the variance
in parenting stress, which may potentially harm
and limit physical, intellectual and emotional
development of the children. Consequently,
this may impact the quality of life and national
resilience for future generations.
onwards) are substantial and may increase the
possibility of PND. During pregnancy, optimistic
expectations and resilience intervention are
associated with positive psychological adjustment
which can enhance protective factors to reduce
postnatal stress and depressive symptoms.
The 2-day Antenatal Resilience and Optimism
Workshop (AROW), which was specifically
developed for this study, aims to enhance
mothers’ resilience and optimism. It was expected
that implementation of AROW would strengthen
protective factors (resilience, optimism, life
satisfaction) and decrease risk factors (depression,
anxiety and stress) during pregnancy thereby
reducing PND symptoms.
Eight primary health care clinics in Surabaya
(Indonesia) were randomised to the intervention
and the waitlist control groups, such that there
were four clinics in each group; between-groups,
clinics were matched in size, quality of care and
proximity. Pregnant women in their 2nd trimester,
52 in the intervention and 59 in the waitlist
control, volunteered to complete the Depression
Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), the Attributional Style
Questionnaire (ASQ), the Quality of Life Enjoyment
and Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form
(Q-LES-Q SF), the Connor Davidson Resilience
Scale (CD-RISC), the Self-Report Questionnaire
(SRQ), the Mini Mental State (MMS), and the
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS).
Generalised linear mixed modelling (GLMM)
found significant therapeutic reductions in
depression, anxiety, stress and increased resilience
and life satisfaction for the intervention groups
maintained up to 6 months post intervention.
AROW is recommended as an antenatal program
in Indonesia and possibly in other developing
countries.
Keywords: Antenatal; Resilience; Postnatal
Depression
Previous research suggests that depression during
the 2nd (week 10 to 24) and 3rd trimester (week 25
23
ORAL ABSTRACTS
OP34 - Yap Chee Khong
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INSOMNIA,
DEPRESSION, AND ANXIETY IN PRIMARY CARE Yap Chee Khong*1, Wong Mei Yin1 1
National Healthcare Group Polyclinics,
Singapore Insomnia is a common mental health issue in
primary care, which could be related to depression
and anxiety. Present study aimed to compare
effects of psychological intervention on primary
care patients’ insomnia, depression and anxiety,
and to explore the relationship between insomnia,
depression and anxiety. It was hypothesized
that psychological intervention could improve
patients’ insomnia, depression and anxiety, and
the outcome of treatment for the three mental
health issues could be positively correlated. Forty
three adult patients who were not on psychotropic
medications during psychological treatment and
not receiving mental health services in the past 12
months prior to psychological intervention were
identified. Their medical records were retrieved to
obtain their scores on Patient Health Questionnaire
9-item (PHQ-9) for depression, Generalized
Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD7) for anxiety,
and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) for insomnia
respectively, in their first and third psychological
consults. A Wilcoxon Signed-ranks test indicated
significant reduction in patients’ insomnia
and depressive symptoms after psychological
intervention (Z = -3.57, p = .00, r = -.54 and Z
= -4.54, p = .00, r = -.69 respectively). A paired
sample t-test showed significant improvement in
patients’ anxiety after psychological intervention,
t(42) = 5.36, p = .00, d = 0.96. Prior to
psychological intervention, insomnia was found
to be correlated with depression (r = .35, p =
.01), and not correlated with anxiety (r = .04, p
= .40). After psychological intervention, insomnia
was found to be correlated with depression and
anxiety (r = .46, p = .00 and r = .47, p = .00
respectively) and a multiple regression model
(R² = .20, F(1, 42) = 11.78, p = .00) showed that
anxiety was a significant predictor of insomnia
(β = .47, p = .00). The hypotheses of present
study were supported by the results, supporting
effectiveness of psychological intervention for
managing insomnia, depression and anxiety in
24
primary care. The present findings also implied
that through management of anxiety symptoms,
insomnia could be improved concurrently.
Keywords: Insomnia, depression, anxiety OP35 - Donnavel Libron
THE MEANING OF PLAY AMONG THE ATI
CHILDREN IN NAGA, CEBU, PHILIPPINES
Mary Donnavel Libron*1 , Dr. Emmanuel Hernani2
1
Saint Theresa’s College Cebu, Cebu City,
Philippines
2
Cebu Normal University, Cebu City, Philippines
Play has been defined by various scholars to be an
inherently gratifying activity done for its own sake
with flexible rules. It is self-directed by an active
and non-stressed person who creates scenarios
quite different from everyday realities. However, it
was also characterized to be ambiguous that even
play scholars have not reached an agreement as
to its definition. This ambiguity was attributed to
its various forms as well as to how the players see
it, being influenced by technology and culture.
Moreover, Howard, Bellin and Rees (2002) saw
the need to understand play from the children’s
perspective to maximize its benefits in their
development.
This study heeded to this call by employing an
ethnophenomenographic approach that looked
deeply into the play experiences of Ati children.
This study also presented the various types of play
that Ati children engage in. Further, following the
Life Space theory by Kurt Lewin, it looked at how
12 schooled Ati children, five males and seven
females, ages 8 to 12 years old were influenced
by their home, school and community in their
conceptualizations of play.
Marton and Booth’s (1994, as cited in Reed, 2006)
method of analyzing phenomenographic data
was followed in the study. The results indicated
that play allowed the respondents to feel positive
emotions and forget their problems. They also
labeled an activity to be play depending on the
place, time and type of activity they engaged
in. Their play always involved social play, with
Chakay, a social game, as the most revered type
of play activity across gender and age. Aside from
ORAL ABSTRACTS
this, they reported to participate in object and
fantasy play. It was noted also that all of their
play activities involved body and movement play
that were being done outside of their homes and
classrooms. The large space that they have in
the community coupled with the abundance of
natural resources led them to conceptualize play
to be done outside. Their chores-filled home life
as well as their parents’ absence due to work
influenced this thinking. Gender-roles were also
seen to affect the variances in frequency seen in
their play, with the males to be more likely to
play every day. Lastly, the constant presence of
children within the community and the close-knit,
collective culture of the Ati tribe were seen as
instrumental in the predominant social play that
these Ati children have been doing.
Keywords: play, culture, cognition
OP36 - Isabel Law
SURVEY OF THE CLINICAL SUPERVISION OF
CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGISTS IN SINGAPORE
This study examined the praxis of supervision of
clinical psychologists in Singapore. Attitudes and
beliefs of clinical supervisors towards training
in supervision were examined, together with
current supervision practices, challenges and
needs of supervisors. General findings based
on responses of 39 clinical supervisors to an
online survey indicated that based on the current
standards of clinical supervision in Singapore,
there is a strong basis for the development of
standardised supervision policies and practices
in the supervision of clinical psychologists in
Singapore and also for accreditation and training
of these clinical supervisors. There also is a need
for the development of a statutory register of
psychologists in Singapore to provide access to
a listing of qualified supervisors and facilitate
research in the field of clinical supervision.
Keywords: Clinical Supervision, Singapore,
Clinical Psychology
OP36A - Brian Hall
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MIGRANTS AND
NON-MIGRANT PREVALENCE OF POTENTIALLY
TRAUMATIC EVENTS, DEPRESSION, ALCOHOL
USE, AND SOCIAL NETWORK SUPPORTS: AN
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY IN GUANGZHOU,
CHINA
Brian J. Hall, PhD, 2,3Wen Chen, PhD, 1Yan Wu,
BSS,
2,3
Fangjing Zhou, BA, 4Carl Latkin, PhD
1
Macau (SAR), People’s Republic of China
2
Faculty of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology,
School of Public Health,
Sun Yat-sen UniversityPeople’s Republic of China
3
School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen Center for
Migrant Health Policy, People’s Republic of China
4
Department of Health Behavior and Society
and Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins
Bloomberg School of Public Health
1*
Addressing the health needs of Chinese migrants is
a critical public health concern. Epidemiological
studies are needed that establish the prevalence of
potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and common
mental disorders among Chinese migrants
and identify protective community and social
resources.
Utilizing random household sampling, we are in
the process of recruiting a representative sample
of Chinese adults (N=1000) in two districts home
to a large number of internal migrants. Data
is collected using face-to-face interviews and
participant self-report methods. Chinese versions
of the Life Events Checklist, Alcohol Use Disorders
Identification Test, Patient Health Questionnaire,
and the Social Support Rating Scale measured
exposure to PTEs, alcohol use disorder, depression,
and social support networks.
Preliminary results indicate a high proportion
(34%) of the sample was exposed directly to at
least one PTE. Migrants reported greater exposure
to disasters than non-migrants (16.13% versus
8.47%). A total of 12.9% of the sample reported
drinking consistent with having an alcohol use
disorder. Migrants reported greater drinking
than non-migrants (14.63% versus 10.11%).
25
ORAL ABSTRACTS
Moderate or severe depression was reported by
9% of the sample. The majority (75%) reported
having 3 or more people to rely on for support
and 41% reported active participation in civic
groups. Despite these strengths, significantly
more migrants than non-migrants reported being
socially isolated, not close with neighbors, never
participating in community activities, and lacking
in neighborhood trust (all ps < .001).
experience, as students with smoking experience
held stronger beliefs of smoking as a tool to remedy
anxiety, stress, and boredom. These findings
provide baseline data in Kunming about young
people’s smoking intention and behavior, and lend
new insights which should be considered in health
education and tobacco control programmes.
Future research is also needed to establish the
generalizability of the findings.
Preliminary evidence from this population-level
survey indicates high exposure to PTEs and a
high potential burden of alcohol use disorders.
The role of social networks should be explored
as potentially useful for community-based
intervention development, especially among
migrants who are socially isolated.
Keywords: China, health, smoking, tobacco.
OP37 - Gareth Davey
CHINESE YOUTH’S BELIEFS ABOUT SMOKING
ACQUISITION: IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH
EDUCATION AND TOBACCO CONTROL
Xiang Zhao* and Gareth Davey
1
Educational Management, Yunnan Normal
University, Kunming, China
2
Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health
Sciences, Monash University Malaysia
1
1, 2
A major public health challenge in China
concerns a high prevalence of smoking among
adolescents, and increasing rates of smoking
acquisition as revealed in surveys across the
country. If current trends continue, tobaccocaused deaths and diseases will assume greater
prominence. In this presentation we discuss our
study in Kunming, Yunnan Province, Southwest
China which investigates high school student’s
intention to smoke and underlying beliefs which
could influence smoking intention. We begin our
presentation with a review of previous research on
this topic in China and other countries. Next we
discuss our study of 18- and 19-year-old students
in two high schools which was cross-sectional and
non-experimental, and included initial qualitative
interviews followed by quantitative surveys. The
study examined associations between attitudes,
social norms, perceived behavioural control and
smoking behavior. All variables were predictors
of intention, and explained significant amounts
of variance, although their relative importance
differed between students with varying smoking
26
OP38- Olivia Pajente-Pelagio
COPING BEHAVIOR OF SOLDIER AMPUTEES
ASSIGNED AT 4th INFANTRY DIVISION,
PHILIPPINE ARMY
Julieta S Mama - Psychologist
Olivia Therezah P Pelagio- Psychologist
Philippine Army, 4th Infantry Division, camp
Evangelista, Cagayan de Oro City
The soldiers of the 4th Infantry Division, Philippine
Army has been fighting against the insurgents in
its area of responsibility. Soldiers are likely to
incur wounds to the extent of losing some parts
of their bodies. This study identifies the limbs
that were amputated and how soldiers coped
with their present condition. It shows the factors
that affect the interplay of self and environment
and the coping behavior that helps the soldiers
adapt with the changes and demands of self and
environment. It also identifies the organizational
and social support and its effect to the amputee.
This study made used of a standardized instrument
entitled Coping Inventory: A measure of Adaptive
Behavior by Shirley ZeitlinEd.D. It measured
two subscales namely 1) Coping with Self which
shows the coping behavior that the soldiers used
in order to meet their personal needs, and 2)
Coping with Environment which shows coping
behavior of soldiers in meeting the demands of
the environment. It provides an Adaptive Behavior
Index, a profile of coping style, and lists of those
behaviors that facilitate or interfere with adaptive
coping.The results of the Pearson correlation
test between the self and environment scores
and the demographic profiles revealed that age,
number of children, educational attainment ,
spouse occupation, duration of amputation and
location of amputation did not relate to self and
environment scores. However, environment
ORAL ABSTRACTS
scores were found to relate to which limb was
amputated and how much benefits they received.
Those whose upper limbs were amputated scored
higher on Environmentscale than those with
lower limbs amputations. This might be because
mobility is not affected with loss of upper limbs.
Walking around where one wanted to go is easier.
Those who received both GSIS and AFPMBAI
benefits also scored higher in Environment scale
than those with only one benefit.
Keywords: soldier, amputees, coping with self,
coping with environment
OP39 - Grainne Kirwan
SEARCHING FOR REASSURANCE WHILE
FEARING THE WORST. OPTIMISM AND
PESSIMISM IN ONLINE PREGNANCY LOSS
BOARDS DURING SUSPECTED MISCARRIAGE
minority (n = 47; 41.6%) included optimistic
content. Twenty-four posts (21.2%) included both
optimistic and pessimistic content, while 16 posts
(14.2%) did not demonstrate either. Goodness of
fit chi-square tests indicated a significantly higher
proportion of pessimistic content than expected,
but no significant result for optimistic content.
Multidimensional chi-square analysis indicated
that responses by others included more optimistic
content than responses by the original poster and
that the original post contained more optimistic
content than subsequent posts by the original
poster. However, the original post also contained
more pessimistic content than both responses by
others and subsequent posts by the original poster.
The study supports previous research suggesting
that hope for a successful outcome is encouraged
in these forums. However, in contrast to previous
findings, the posts also included a high proportion
of pessimistic content overall.
Grainne H. Kirwan*1
1
HELP University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and
Institute of Art, Design and Technology, Dun
Laoghaire, Dublin, Ireland
Keywords: Pregnancy loss, Coping, Online
Support
Expectant mothers who are experiencing symptoms
that may be indicative of impending miscarriage
might seek hope, support and information online
via discussion forums and other pregnancy-related
groups. The current research examined the content
of pregnancy loss support forums to identify the
frequency of optimistic and pessimistic content
in original posts, responses by other forum users
and responses by the original poster. The content
of each post was analysed to determine if the text
included optimistic content (an indication of hope
that the pregnancy might still be successful) or
pessimistic content (an indication that it seemed
possible that a miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy
might be occurring). Based on previous research,
it was hypothesized that respondents to such
posts would include optimistic content, in an
attempt to support the expectant mother. A total
of 2,124 posts within 338 separate threads were
examined. Of these, 20 threads were initiated by
an individual who was experiencing a suspected
miscarriage that had not yet been confirmed by a
medical professional. The original posters made a
total of 33 responses to the threads that they had
started. A further 60 responses were made by other
respondents. The majority of posts (n = 74; 66.5%)
included pessimistic content, while a substantial
PERCEPTION OF WEIGHT AND
PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS IN INDIAN
ADOLESCENTS
OP40 - Amina Benkhoukha
Amina Benkhoukha, B.S.1, Anthony F. Santoro,
M.A.1, Natasha Ramanayake, M.A.1
Suman Kapur, Ph.D.2, Sonia Suchday, Ph.D.*3
1
Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology at
Yeshiva University, New York City, New York, USA
2
Birla Institute of Technology – Pilani,
Hyderabad, India
3
Pace University, New York City, New York, USA
The rates of obesity and other chronic diseases are
rising in India, especially in urban areas (Wang,
Chen, Shaikh & Mathur, 2009). Adolescents are
sensitive to globalized changes, as well as the
influence of Western attitudes and perceptions
of health and beauty (Ghosh & Dutta, 2010).
Although psychological distress has strong
associations with obesity and other negative
health risk factors (BeLue & Colaco, 2009;
Dockray, Susman & Dorn, 2009), the perception
of being overweight could increase the chances of
experiencing psychological distress by 50-100%
(Atlantis & Ball, 2008). Perceptions of weight and
27
ORAL ABSTRACTS
body image, versus actual BMI, may be a stronger
motivator of health behavior, and a stronger
predictor of psychological distress (Swami, 2010;
ter Bogt et al., 2006).
Experiencing problems with anxiety, depression and
weight as an adolescent intensifies the likelihood
of carrying the same issues into adulthood (Atlantis
& Baker, 2008; Hillman, Dorn & Bin, 2010).
Chinese and Dutch adolescents who perceived
themselves as ‘overweight’ were more likely to
experience depression, anxiety, as well as social
and cognitive issues as compared to adolescents
with normal self-perceptions of their weight and
body image (Xie et al., 2006; Xie et al., 2003; ter
Bogt et al., 2006). When perception of weight
and actual weight are incongruent, adolescents
who perceive themselves as ‘overweight,’ but
actually had a normal BMI experienced greater
symptoms of physical and psychological distress
than adolescents who perceived themselves at a
normal weight, but were actually overweight (ter
Bogt et al., 2006). The current study investigated
the association between perceived body weight
and negative psychological symptoms in Indian
adolescents living in Hyderabad, India
Self-report data was collected from 176
adolescents (68 Boys; 77 Girls) who attend a
secondary school in Hyderabad, India in January
of 2013. The students’ age ranged from 13 to 16
years (M= 14.15 years; SD=0.91). Perceived body
weight and psychological distress were measured
by Selective questions (n=3) from the Global
School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS),
which has been internationally used by the World
Health Organization (WHO) and the U.S. Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Analysis of Variance resulted in a main effect
for the participant’s perception of their weight
(F(2,151)=4.08, p<0.02). Students who considered
themselves overweight reported significantly more
symptoms of anxiety and loneliness (M=1.98,
SD=1.23) than the students who identified
themselves as underweight (M=1.36, SD=0.99)
or at the correct weight (M=1.49, SD=1.05).
This study reveals a strong association between
adolescent weight perception and reported
negative psychological symptoms. Students who
reported that they judged themselves ‘overweight’
reported significant greater instances of anxiety
and loneliness.
Keywords: India, Adolescent, Weight
28
OP41 - Jackie Ma
SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC CORRELATES OF
RECURRENT EMERGENCY MEDICINE
UTILISATION
BY PATIENTS WITH PANIC-LIKE ANXIETY: AN
EXPLORATORY STUDY
Jackie Ma*1, Magdalene Ng1, Sharon Sung1,
Marcus Ong1,2
1
Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore
2
Singapore General Hospital
Patients with panic-like anxiety (PLA; i.e., the
diagnosis of panic attacks or panic disorder [PD],)
are more likely to recurrently visit the emergency
department (ED) and be undiagnosed by attending
physicians. Despite increased healthcare costs and
negative patient outcomes, research on improving
panic detection in the ED is limited, especially in
Asian settings such as Singapore.
This exploratory study aimed to identify
sociodemographic and clinical correlates of
recurrent ED utilisation by patients with PLA.
English-speaking adults who presented to the
ED at Singapore General Hospital with PD-like
somatic complaints (e.g., chest pain, dizziness,
breathing difficulties) were recruited. At baseline,
95 participants were diagnosed with PLA using
the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis
1 Disorders. Their electronic medical records
were reviewed to identify recurrent ED utilisation
over a 6-month follow-up period. Only ED visits
with chief complaints of panic-like symptoms
were included. Sociodemographic and clinical
variables compared were: age, gender, marital
status, education, race, income, work status,
psychiatric co-morbidity, lifetime health history,
and service use in the past year.
13.70% (13/95) of participants were recurrent ED
visitors (mean age = 41.46, 53.85% males, 45.12%
Chinese). 86.32% (82/95) of participants did not
recur (mean age = 47.63, 64.63% males, 15.38%
Chinese). Race (Chinese, Malay, Indian, or Other)
was significantly associated with recurrent ED
utilisation (p = .008, two-tailed Fisher’s exact test,
Cramer’s V = .394). Post-hoc comparison showed
a significant difference in recurrent ED utilisation
between Chinese participants and those who selfidentified as Other race (OR = 13.21). There was
also a significant association between marital
ORAL ABSTRACTS
status (married or unmarried [i.e., divorced,
widowed, or single]) and recurrent ED utilisation
(p = .007, two-tailed Fisher’s exact test, Cramer’s
V = .336, OR = 6.12). All other comparisons were
not statistically significant.
Participants who were unmarried and who selfidentified as Other race were more likely to be
recurrent ED visitors. Due to the preliminary
nature of the present study, further research is
required to understand these differences.
Keywords: panic attack, panic disorder, &
emergency department
OP43 - Tan Xiao Xian
UNLOCKING OUR INTERNAL PRISON:
PREDICTORS OF STIGMATISING ATTITUDES
TOWARD OFFENDERS IN SINGAPORE
Xiao Xian Tan*1, Chi Meng Chu2, Erlend Kvaale,
Gabriel Tan1
1
National University of Singapore, Singapore
2
Ministry of Social and Family Development,
Singapore
Stigmatisation is a frequently listed concern by exoffenders and is known to have a wide range of
negative consequences on offenders, be it socially,
physically, or psychologically. Stigmatisation
(measured by amount of social distance desired)
has also been identified as a main impediment to
offender reintegration efforts. Given the pivotal
role of community attitudes toward offenders in
the process of offender reintegration back into
mainstream society, this study explores the key
predictors of the public’s stigmatising attitudes
toward various sub-types of offenders (sexual,
white-collar, violent). Participants read a crime
vignette illustrating either a sexual, white-collar,
or violent crime, before answering various
questionnaires in an online survey. Results were
analysed using multiple regression and analysis
of variance (ANOVA) tests. Results showed that
people who perceive offenders as incapable
of changing desired more social distance from
offenders (Hypothesis 1). Those who feel more
moral outrage toward offenders also desired more
social distance from offenders, but only in the
contexts of violent and white-collar crimes. Sexual
offenders elicited the same amount of social
distance, regardless of amount of moral outrage
evoked (Hypothesis 2). The level of contact that
one has with offenders did not, however, have any
effect on the amount of social distance desired
(Hypothesis 3). Results also demonstrated that
sexual and violent offenders elicit more desired
social distance as compared to white-collar
offenders (Hypothesis 4). Implications for social
policy makers include targeting these identified
predictors in future offender reintegration
campaigns. Campaigns can focus on educating
the public about the malleability of offenders’
traits, as well as reducing moral outrage through
diversionary restorative justice (RJ) conferences.
Priorities for future research in this area are also
discussed.
Keywords: Stigma, offenders
OP45 - Teo Shi Wei
PSYCHOMETRIC EVALUATION OF QUALITY
OF LIFE ENJOYMENT AND SATISFACTION
QUESTIONNAIRE – SHORT FORM (Q-LES-Q-SF)
IN MALAYSIA
Teo Shi Wei*1
1
HELP University, Malaysia
The Q-LES-Q-SF is a self-reported measure
designed to evaluate life satisfaction which is
widely used in various countries for various
purposes, including defining disorders such as
depression that is related to one’s life satisfaction.
Regardless of the frequent usage of Q-LES-Q-SF,
to date, no validation has been done in Malaysia.
Apart from that, with recent research which
yielded the multi-dimensional structure of the
Q-LES-Q-SF which is inconsistent with many past
researches, it is important to explore the structure
of Q-LES-Q-SF to further help researchers to
understand the construct of life satisfaction.
This present study assessed the psychometric
properties of the Q-LES-Q-SF in Malaysia. A total
of 168 participants completed the Q-LES-Q-SF
for two times and other self-reported measures
related to life satisfaction (SWLS), stress and
depression (DASS 21) through online surveys.
Results of exploratory factor analysis revealed a
three component structure which consists of the
components, interpersonal well-being, financial
welfare and leisure. The internal consistency
of Q-LES-Q-SF (α = .88) was found to be high.
Correlational analyses showed that Q-LES-Q-SF
had adequate test-retest reliability and concurrent
29
ORAL ABSTRACTS
validity. From the obtained result, the researcher
inferred that there could be a difference in terms
of factor retention method among different
researchers which resulted in difference in findings
regarding the structural dimension of Q-LESQ-SF as this study yielded an ambiguous result
regarding the structure of Q-LES-Q-SF, though the
researcher decided to retain three components
and not a single component, after taking multiple
factors into consideration. Cultural differences and
as well as sampling variation were also brought
up to discuss the obtained result. In conclusion,
Q-LES-Q-SF is a reliable and valid instrument
to measure life satisfaction and this study has
provided insights regarding the psychometric
properties of the questionnaire. From the result,
the researcher inferred that with the validated
Q-LES-Q-SF, results obtained from this test can be
assumed accurate and reliable for various usages,
including clinical use.
completed a set of questionnaires consisting of
demographic information, Self-Report Altruism
Scale, Heartland Forgiveness Scale, Brief
Resilience Scale and Subjective Well-Being Scale.
Multiple regression analysis was used to analyse
the data. Results revealed that, as hypothesized,
altruism, forgiveness and resilience are significant
predictors of subjective well-being. However,
forgiveness, not resilience as hypothesized,
emerged as the strongest predictor of subjective
well-being in Malaysian undergraduate students.
This finding may be explained in terms of the
impact of the Malaysian education system where
research has found Malaysian schools tend to
encourage the development of a forgiving attitude
among students. Implications of the findings were
discussed in terms of strategies to improve the
subjective well-being of Malaysians in a multiethnic and multi-religious context.
Keywords: Q-LES-Q-SF, psychometric properties
Keywords : Altruism, forgiveness, resilience,
subjective well-being
OP46 - Angeline Paul
OP47 - Sita Lakshmi
ALTRUISM, FORGIVENESS AND RESILIENCE
AS PREDICTORS OF SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING
AMONG MALAYSIAN UNDERGRADUATE
STUDENTS.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A
RACIAL AWARENESS SCALE IN MALAYSIA
Angeline A/P Hirudayanathan*1, Fatimah Haron1
HELP University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
The concept of subjective well-being is well
embedded in the field of positive psychology and
one area of great interest in studying subjective
well-being is to predict the personality traits
which would contribute to the development of
an individual’s subjective well-being. Malaysia
exhibits interest in the well-being of her citizens in
the pursuit of her becoming a developed country
in 2020. However, limited research has been
conducted to study the phenomenon of subjective
well-being in a Malaysian context. Being a fairly
collectivistic society where most citizens give
utmost importance to the value of interpersonal
relationships provides room for research on their
levels of subjective well-being as well as the
factors which predict it. Thus, this study aimed
to examine whether altruism, forgiveness and
resilience are significant predictors of subjective
well-being among Malaysians. A total number
of 120 Malaysian undergraduate students
30
Authors: Sita Lakshmi¹, Eugene Y.J Tee²
Affiliation: ¹HELP University, Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia
Racial awareness relates to differences in
individuals’ race consciousness. This awareness
is derived from socialization experiences during
development, and contributes towards nurturing
a positive racial identity. An instrument that
measures level of racial awareness could facilitate
research and interventions towards inculcating
a positive personal racial identity, which could
then improve racial unity in society. Hence, the
purpose of this study was to develop and validate
a theoretically grounded scale to measure aspects
of racial awareness in Malaysia. This study was
divided into two phases. Phase 1 was conducted
to generate an initial pool of items pertaining to
race awareness. Information from literature was
consolidated with qualitative insights derived via
2 face-to-face interviews with 2 Malaysian experts
and 2 focus group discussions with 6 Malaysians
representing the 3 major Malaysian races (Malays,
Chinese and Indians). This phase uncovered 6
themes that were used to guide the construction
of 36 items in the initial version of the Racial
ORAL ABSTRACTS
Awareness Scale (RAS). Phase 2 was conducted to
statistically validate these items via an Exploratory
Factor analysis. Data from 506 participants
was analysed via Principal Axis Factoring with
oblique rotation. Factors were retained based on
eigenvalues >1, scree test, communalities and
factor loadings >.4, and adherence to themes from
Phase 1. A revised RAS scale with 6 factors and
25 items was derived. Factor 1 (α=.89) was Racial
Inequality, relating to the awareness of differential
treatment of races in society. Factor 2 (α=.88) was
Race Ancestry, relating to heritage of races. Factor
3 (α=.79) was Institutional Discrimination, relating
to discriminative practices imposed by institutions.
Factor 4 (α=.78) was Race History, relating to
knowledge of past racial events. Factor 5 (α=.76)
was Ethnic Differences, relating to awareness of
cultural differences. Factor 6 (α=.65) was Physical
Differences, relating to awareness of physical
differences. These factors collectively contributed
to 44.9% of variance. Cronbach’s α for the entire
scale was .84. These results indicate that with
further refinement and testing of reliability and
validity, RAS could be an appropriate assessment
tool to measure racial awareness among
Malaysians. Future directions would be to test
this scale in different social contexts and across
different development stages.
Keywords: racial awareness, scale development,
exploratory factor analysis
OP48 - Ho Yi Ming
AUTONOMY SUPPORT FROM ORGANIZATION
ENHANCES VOLUNTEERISM: A SELFDETERMINATION THEORY PERSPECTIVE
motivation and work engagement, and negatively
predicts the intention of the volunteers to leave
the organization. I also hypothesized that the
innate basic psychological needs mediate the
relationship between organizational autonomy
support and intrinsic motivation, organizational
autonomy support and work engagement as
well as organizational autonomy support and
intention to leave. 56 volunteers from various
non-profit organizations throughout Malaysia
completed measures of perceived organizational
autonomy support, motivation, needs satisfaction,
work engagement and intention to quit of the
volunteers. Controlling for age, gender and
religiosity, hierarchical regressions revealed that
organizational autonomy support significantly
predicted intrinsic motivation, work engagement
and lower intention to quit. Three bootstrapping
multiple mediation analyses revealed that
need satisfaction for relatedness mediated the
support and intrinsic motivation, while need
satisfaction
for
autonomy
mediated
the
support and intention to quit. Interestingly, needs
satisfaction did not mediate the relationship
between organizational autonomy support and
the volunteers’ work engagement. The findings of
this study support SDT’s assertion of the benefits
of an autonomy supportive environment and show
how the environment of organization can impact
the enjoyment of volunteer work and engagement
of volunteers.
Keywords: Autonomy support, volunteerism,
Self-determination theory
Ho, Yi Ming*1, Chua, Sook Ning1
1
This study examined the relationship between
the environment of volunteer organizations and
volunteers’ motivation as well as their contribution
to the organization. Self-determination theory
states that an environment that provides choices
and acknowledgement of feeling and abilities is
important to satisfy the innate basic psychological
needs (autonomy, relatedness, competence)
which in turn promote positive outcomes such
as work satisfaction and psychological wellbeing. Thus, I hypothesized that organizational
autonomy support positively predicts intrinsic
31
ORAL ABSTRACTS
OP49 - Allan Bernardo
DISTINGUISHING AMONG LAY THEORIES
OF CULTURE, ETHNICITIY, AND RACE IN
ASIAN CONTEXTS: POLYCULTURALISM,
MULTICULTURALISM, AND GENETIC LAY
THEORIES IN TWO ASIAN COUNTRIES
Allan B. I. Bernardo1
Maria Guadalupe C. Salanga2
1
University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR China
2
De La Salle University, Manila, Philippines
People hold different lay beliefs regarding race,
ethnicity, and culture that form theory-like cognitive
representations that guide cognitive, affective, and
behavioral responses to intergroup phenomena
involving people from different cultures and races.
Such beliefs, referred to as lay theories, have
been identified by mostly Western researchers
investigating mostly Western societies, where such
lay theories have been demonstrated to predict
different intergroup perceptions, stereotypes,
attitudes, among others. Although the significance
of such lay theories in understanding intergroup
relations and behavior and in reducing intergroup
prejudice, such lay theories have not been wellstudied in Asian societies, where people may
hold different constructions of race and culture.
In this study, three lay theories (polyculturalism,
multiculturalism, and genetic lay theory of race) are
assessed in two Asian cultures (with Macau Chinese
and Philippine samples) using psychological scales.
The two cultures are both characterized by low
levels of ethnic diversity, but with relatively high
levels of exposure to foreign (i.e., Western) cultural
information and to migrants and tourists from
foreign countries. Both countries also had a long
history of being colonized/administered by foreign
states (Macau was administered by Portugal, and the
Philippines was a colony of Spain, then the USA).
Participants (Macau: N = 209; Philippines, N = 220)
completed scales representing the three lay theories,
and the data were analyzed using confirmatory
factor analysis to establish the distinct factors
representing each of the lay theories, consistent with
the underlying psychological theories/constructs.
Multivariate analysis also pointed to different
relationships among the three lay theories in the
two cultures, and these are discussed in terms of
culture-specific constructions of the relevant social
concepts. The trends in the results are discussed
32
in terms of the viability of the three lay theories
as theoretical constructs to understand intergroup
relations in the Asian contexts.
Keywords: polyculturalism, multiculturalism;
genetic lay theories
OP50 - Siti Zahreni IMPROVING WOMEN ENTREPRENEUR : THE
ROLE OF ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION
AND FEAR OF SUCCESS ON
ENTREPRENEURIAL SATISFACTION
Siti Zahreni*1 , Sugiman2
1
University of Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
2
In this study, we investigated the role of achievement
motivation and fear of success on entrepreneurial
satisfaction
among
women
entrepreneur.
Quantitative approach were used involving 105
participants that were married and have been self
employed for at least 3 years as the characteristics.
Each of the participants filled out variety of self
reports namely achievement motivation scale
(rxx=0,816), fear of success scale (rxx=0,759) and
entrepreneurial satisfaction scale (rxx=0,844).
Data were analyzed by using stepwise regression
analysis. The results showed that achievement
motivation prove to have positive role toward
entrepreneurial satisfaction. The high achivement
motivation will be followed by the high level of
satisfaction among women entreprenuer. On the
other hand fear of success showed negative role
toward entrepreneurial satisfaction meaning the
less fear of success they experience will contribute
to the increase level of entrepreneurial satisfaction
on women entreprenuer. Among other results,
women entrepreneur experienced low level of
fear of success and high level of achievement
motivation and entrepreneurial satisfaction.
For implication women entrepeneurs today are
more achievement oriented, have less fear of
success and more satisfied with their business.
Therefore women should be bolder in taking risk
in developing their business so that they could fit
more in the formal business sector.
Keywords : achievement motivation, fear of
success, entrepreneurial satisfaction, women
entrepreneur
ORAL ABSTRACTS
OP51 - Eric Julian Manalastas
HOMONEGATIVITY IN SOUTH EAST ASIA:
A COMPARISON OF ATTITUDES TOWARD
LESBIANS, GAY MEN, AND THEIR SEXUALITIES
IN SINGAPORE, THAILAND, THE PHILIPPINES,
MALAYSIA, INDONESIA, AND VIETNAM
Eric Julian Manalastas*1
Beatriz A. Torre 1
Timo Tapani Ojanen 2
Vizla Kumaresan 3
Vigneswaran Veeramuthu 3,4
Bryan Choong 5
Rattanakorn Ratanashevorn 6
Sumonthip Boonkerd 7
accepting of lesbian and gay sexual orientations in
the region. We also explore a number of correlates
of homonegative attittudes in South East Asia,
including gender, age, educational attainment,
gender role beliefs, and attitudes toward other
sexuality issues like premarital sex. Implications
for social psychological interventions to reduce
anti-lesbian and gay prejudice in the different
ASEAN societies and how to take such prejudice
into account as a source of minority stress in the
lives of gay and lesbian counseling clients are
discussed.
Keywords: attitudes, homosexuality,
homonegativity
OP53 - Nestor Sibug
University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon
City, Philippines
2
Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
3
MindWorks Psychology and Counseling Centre,
4
University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
5
Oogachaga Counselling and Support, Singapore
6
Bangkok Counseling Service, Thailand
7
Vongchavalitkul University, Thailand
1
How are sexual minorities like lesbians, gay men,
and their sexualities accepted in the different
societies of South East Asia? Previous studies have
been limited by the use of university students
and other nonrepresentative samples, with little
comparability across countries in the region.
We address this gap in the social psychological
literature by comparing attitudes toward lesbians
and gay men and about lesbian/gay sexuality in six
ASEAN countries using nationally representative
data from the World Values Survey. Combined
data from a total of 9,516 respondents from
Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines, Malaysia,
Indonesia, and Vietnam indicated that 42% of
South East Asians do not want lesbians or gay
men as neighbors, with the highest homogenative
attitudes to be found in Malaysia (59%) and
Indonesia (66%), compared to relatively more
accepting nations like Thailand (33%), Singapore
(32%), Vietnam (29%), and the Philippines (28%).
Same-sex sexuality was least acceptable, based
on a justifiability measure, among Indonesians,
followed by Vietnamese and Malaysians (p<.05).
Singaporeans, Thais, and Filipinos were the most
BULLYING BEHAVIORS AND SELF-ESTEEM
OF COLLEGE STUDENTS: A BASIS FOR ANTIBULLYING PROGRAM
Maricar N. Jose*1 and Nestor L. Sibug 2
1
City College of Angeles and 2 University of the
Assumption
This study examined the relationship and the
difference between the self-esteem level and
bullying behaviors of college students. The purpose
of the study is to explore the experiences of college
students in terms of their bullying experiences and
the impact on their self-perception. A quantitative
and qualitative analyses design was employed to
328 college students in a local college in Angeles
City using Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and
Adolescent Peer Relations Instrument. Only 59
students met the pre-determined criteria and 44
of them participated in the focus group discussion
for the qualitative part of the study. The responses
were transcribed and analyzed. Quantitative
analysis revealed that the relationship among the
victims of bullying and self-esteem as well as the
difference between the level of self-esteem of
bully and victim are not statistically significant.
However, being perpetrator of bullying and selfesteem has significant relationship. The outcome
of the focus group discussion was used to verify
the results of the study.
33
ORAL ABSTRACTS
OP54 - Sonia Suchday
ANGER AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE IN A FAST
GLOBALIZING COLLECTIVIST CULTURE:
INDIA
Sonia Suchday, Ph.D. *1
1
Pace University
The experience of anger is complicated by
situational factors that provoke anger, and the
social norms that regulate its experience and
expression. In a collectivist cultures like India,
where social harmony is emphasized over personal
achievement, there is strong bias toward managing
the experience of anger rather than allowing its
expression. Data on anger and its expression
have been collected in our lab on immigrants
from India to the US and from young people
living in Mumbai, a city that represents fast paced
globalization. Analyses have indicated that young
people of Indian origin, regardless of whether they
are immigrants or reside in India, tend to focus
on management of internal responses to anger
rather than outward expression anger. These data
indicate that despite exposure to multiple cultures
via immigration or globalization and acculturation
through multimedia exposure, traditional ways
of coping with anger persist among Indians.
Challenge of this traditional coping pattern among
young people in a globalized world which may
require assertive expression of anger will be
discussed.
OP55 - Mayette Manalo
THE RELATIONSHIP OF SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE
AND INTERNET ATTITUDES AMONG
EMPLOYEES
Prof. Miriam Aquino-Malabanan 1
Lyceum of the Philippines University – Batangas,
Capitol Site, Batangas City, Philippines
Mayette Gabrielle D. Manalo*1
Lyceum of the Philippines University – Laguna,
Calamba City, Laguna, Philippines
The relationship of social intelligence and internet
attitudes has never been directly compared nor
correlated; however, significant relationships
have been discovered among the given variables.
Respondents of this study define social intelligence
primarily based on social skills and interactions
34
like caring and considering others’ feelings and
actions, and that it can be concluded that social
intelligence is more of a social endeavor or
interaction ability, rather than a cognitive ability.
The internet attitude on other hand was measured
then through the newly validated instrument from
America using the four subscales – enjoyment
(E), usefulness (U), anxiety (A), and self-efficacy
(S). With 200 employees in Batangas City as
respondents, it was found out that U subscale
(F=8.85, and Sig=0.00) has significant relationship
with the respondents’ educational attainment, A
score (F=3.23, and Sig=0.02) and S score (F=2.77,
and Sig=0.04) on the frequency of internet use, E
(F=3.81, and Sig=0.02), U (F=6.33, and Sig=0.00),
A (F=6.30, and Sig=0.00), and S scores (F=3.65,
and Sig=0.03) on their gender, and U (F=7.10,
and Sig=0.00), A (F=5.39, and Sig=0.00), and S
scores (F=4.69, and Sig=0.00) on the respondents’
age . Though there have been arguments before
that the use of internet negatively affects “social
intelligence” because of lacking physical
interaction, this paper argued then that as social
networking has been rampant, internet indeed
can increase the level of social intelligence of the
people.
Keywords: social intelligence, internet attitudes,
cyberpsychology
OP56 - Vivi Pohan
THE ROLE OF SUPERVISORY COACHING
BEHAVIOR AND PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL TO
PREDICT THE LEVEL OF WORK ENGAGEMENT
AMONG EMPLOYEES
Vivi Gusrini Rahmadani Pohan*1, Fahmi Ananda2
1
2
This research aims to observe work engagement
from the level of psychological capital and
supervisory coaching behavior of employees.
The employees measure the level of their work
engagament, psychological capital and coaching
behavior of their supervisor through three scales,
namely psychological capital scales (rxx’ = 0,943),
supervisory coaching behavior scale (rxx’= 0,889),
and work engagement scales (rxx’= 0,901) adapted
from Schaufeli’s Utchrect Work Engagement
Scale (UWES). Participants in this research
were 100 active employees in Sumatera Utara.
ORAL ABSTRACTS
Collected data were examined by using multiple
regression analysis. Based on the hypothesis,
it can be concluded that supervisory coaching
behavior and psychological capital can be used
as indicators to predict the arousal of employee’s
work engagement. The high psychological
capital will be followed by the high level work
engagement among employees. Respectively, the
supervisory coaching behavior also increases work
engagement among employees. In a nutshell, the
result demonstrated that psychological capital
and supervisory coaching behavior made a
significant contribution to work engagement.
Suggested areas for future research are to confirm
this research model using the context variables
within organizations such as leadership style,
organizational size, organizational culture
and so on.
Keywords: Psychological Capital, Supervisory
Coaching Behavior, Work Engagement
OP57 - Brenda Ng
MISREPRESENTING ONESELF: HOW SOCIAL
COMPARISON AND MACHIAVELLIANISM
ENCOURAGE FAKING IN JOB INTERVIEWS
Brenda Ng Kaar Munn*1
1
HELP University, Malaysia
approximately 20 minutes of simulated job
interview. Social comparison was manipulated
by telling participants that graduates of their
institution were more or less employable relative
to other institutions. Machiavellianism and
faking were measured by the Machiavellianism
Personality Scale and Interview Faking Behavior
Scale respectively. A hierarchical multiple
regression was conducted to test for all three
of the hypotheses. Results indicated that social
comparison did not influence faking and was not
moderated by Machiavellianism as hypothesized.
It is possible that participants protected their
self-esteem by devaluing the comparative
employability information given by the researcher
instead of faking to improve their self-image as
implicated by past research. However, it was
found that desire for status predicts faking more
than amorality theme in Machiavellianism. The
model of faking likelihood was supported when
its proposition regarding Machiavellianism was
supported, improving the validity of the model.
Future researchers can use the knowledge about
Machiavellianism and faking from this study to
develop preventive measures to reduce faking in
interviews.
Keywords: Social comparison, Machiavellianism,
faking
OP58 - Reny Yuniasanti
Impression management plays a major role in
influencing the interviewers hiring decisions.
Researchers are concerned that such impression
management tactics bias hiring decisions of
interviewers. However, it is recently argued
that it is particularly the deceptive types of
impression management, known as faking, which
contributes to the low interview. Due to the lack
of research on the antecedents of faking, the
current study aimed to test the model of faking
likelihood by studying the influence of social
comparison and Machiavellianism on faking. It
was hypothesized that: (H1) Individuals in the
upward comparison group are more likely to
fake than those in downward comparison and
control groups, (H2) there is a positive correlation
between trait Machiavellianism and faking, and
(H3) Machiavellianism moderates the effect
of social comparison on faking. A total of 100
undergraduate psychology students from a large
private university in Malaysia participated in the
study, in which they were required to undergo
DISCIPLINE OF WORK AND THE PERCEPTION
OF WOMEN LEADERSHIP IN BINTARA POLICE OF BANTUL AREA YOGYAKARTA
Reny Yuniasanti*¹
1
Mercu Buana Yogyakarta University
Shela Deviacita Kawedar ¹
1
Mercu Buana Yogyakarta University
Low of work performance in bintara police
especially in work of discipline need to enhance.
This study aims to determine the relationship
between the discipline of work and the
perception of women leadership in bintara police. This study aimed to obtain empirical evidence
that the perception of women leadership has a
positive and significant impact on discipline of
work. The research data obtained by Perception
of Women Leadership and Discpline of Work
Entrepreneurship Intention Scale from 30 police
35
ORAL ABSTRACTS
The research subjects were sampled by purposed
sampling method. The results from Pearson
Product Moment technique showed that there
is a significant correlation between perception
of women leadership to work discipline with (r)
0.322, p = 0.041 , significance value (p <0.05).
Based on the analysis results it also concluded that
there was a correlation between f perception of
women leadership and work discipline in Bintara
Police of Bantul Area. The Effective contribution of
perception of women leadership to work discipline
was 10.4%, so the other 89.6% was influenced by
another factors.
Keyword: Discipline of work, Perceptions of
women leadership, bintara police.
OP59 - Arief Fahmie
EDUCATION OF SAP AS ADOPTION OF
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
ON INDUSTRIAL AND ORGANISATIONAL
PSYCHOLOGY
Arief Fahmie*1
Muthia Nurrakhmi1
Annisaa Miranty1
Ike Agustina1
In accordance with the educational goals of
Department of Psychology, Islamic University of
Indonesia, which educate psychology graduate
who is able to use information technology in
their respective sectors and competitiveness in
South East Asia, learning development activities of
SAP (Systems, Applications and Products in Data
Processing) facilitate students with competence
ERP-HCM (Enterprise Resource Planning - Human
Capital Management) that will be used in work
places. There are four steps of the development,
namely: preparation consisting of the preparation
of computer equipment and training instructors;
learning through courses, lectures, and guest
lecturers; measurement of the effectiveness of
learning; and preparation of SAP study center
(on-going process). ERP-HCM learning begins
with the design of ERP-HCM program activities,
i.e. training of SAP-Human Resource. In order
to study the development process of ERP-HCM
learning, Department of Psychology formed a
task force of ERP-HCM. This team had a task of
designing and implementing SAP-HR training
activities, from preparation to implementation of
36
activities, as well as an evaluation of the learning
and development of ERP - HCM. The team
conducted a survey of undergraduate students of
Department of Psychology to determine interest
and admission to the implementation of SAP - HR
training. Further investigation was conducted and
obtained information indicating that the company
is implementing ERP HCM is now very global.
Measuring the effectiveness of learning SAP - HR
is done which aims to explore the effectiveness
of ERP HCM learning. The participants are the
undergraduate and master students of SAP HCM
attended classes and short courses from October
2013 until June 2014. The data were collected by
the questionnaires and interviews focusing on the
benefits of SAP classes for the students as well as
the evaluation of learning methods, lecturers, and
facilities. The result of this study will be considered
to improve SAP HCM learning process. Finally,
the institutionalization of ERP - HCM learning is
still in progress by developing four components
of laboratory of SAP: structure, job description,
job requirements, and performance indicators.
By institutionalization of the learning, ERP - HCM
education will be optimized, focused, organized
orderly, systematic, and standardized.
Keywords: SAP, information technology, industrial
and organisational psychology
1
Department of Psychology, Islamic University of
Indonesia
OP60 - Supra Wimbarti
DIVERSITY MANAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION
IN CONJUCTION WITH THE INTENTION
TO LEAVE IN A COAL MINING INDUSTRY,
INDONESIA
Supra Wimbarti*1, Dian Komalasari1, Sylviana
Yunita1, M. Rifzanniardi1, M. Yusuf Hadi1
1
Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Globalization
challenge
triggered
by
establishment of ASEAN Economic Community
2015 leads corporations to pay attention toward
diversity phenomenon in the workplace. Deep
understanding and active effort in diversity
management process will make company
understand the strategic steps needed to retain
potential talent to create competitive advantages.
Referring to literature study, there are a few factors
influencing diversity implementation process in
ORAL ABSTRACTS
organization. Therefore, this research conducted
to understand the effect of diversity management
implementation towards turnover intention. More
specifically, this study was done to understand
relationship pattern of individual perception and
attitude towards diversity in their workplace.
This relationship pattern is predicted to influence
individual way of perceiving diversity climate in
workplace that could influence the effectiveness
of organization’s diversity management. Perceived
effectiveness of the diversity management will
affect the intention to leave the organization.
Research data collected from 109 participants
who work as permanent employees on coal
mining corporation. Data was analyzed using
Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling
(PLS-SEM). The results of this study proved that
individual perception and attitude towards
diversity affect diversity climate in the workplace.
This diversity climate affects individual perception
toward diversity management implementation
applied by organization. Effectiveness of diversity
management has also proved to affect individual
affective
commitment
towards
corporate
that strongly related to the intention to leave
organization. This study implied descriptive
factors that affect the intention to leave related to
diversity in the workplace that could be used as
intervention strategy in the company.
Keywords: effectiveness of diversity
management; turnover intention; perception
towards diversity; attitude towards diversity
OP61 - Quek Ai-Hwa
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERROLE CONFLICT AND ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE AMONG PART-TIME WORKING
UNDERGRADUATES
Quek Ai-Hwa1 and Tan Chee Wei*1
1
This study examined the relationship between
inter-role conflict and academic performance
among part-time working undergraduates. The
study used a non-experimental correlational
design. The purposive sampling technique was
used to recruit 120 undergraduates from a private
university in Kuala Lumpur. These respondents
were full-time psychology undergraduates but held
part-time jobs. The Work-study Conflict scale was
used to measure the inter-role conflict level while
the respondents’ GPA was used as an indicator
of academic performance. A questionnaire
containing the demographic details and the Workstudy Conflict scale was used to collect data. A
non-parametric test, Spearman’s rho (correlation
test) was chosen to test the relationship between
inter-role conflict and GPA. The results show that
inter-role conflict and academic performance
are related. The results support the hypothesis
that is the greater the inter-role conflict, the
poorer would be the academic performance of
the respondents. It is noted that the presence of
outliers in this study might influence the validity of
the findings. However, the findings provide insight
into seeking a balance between working part-time
and attaining desirable aacademic performance
among undergraduates. More predictive research
is recommended for managing inter-role conflict
and to promote academic performance among
part-time working undergraduates.
Keywords: inter-role, conflict, academic
performance
OP62 - Janice Lee
CHARACTER STRENGTHS, HAPPINESS, LIFE
SATISFACTION AND PURPOSE AMONG
ETHNIC GROUPS IN SINGAPORE
Janice Niann Tsyr Lee*1, Center for Psychology
Koong Hean Foo1, and Austin Adams1, James
Cook University
Robert Morgan1, University of Arkansas
Amy Frewen1, University of Melbourne
Keywords: Character Strengths, Happiness,
Singapore
Understanding personally valued character
traits and the routes through which they lead to
happiness and satisfaction can contribute to more
long-lasting psychological treatment outcomes
in clinical settings, nurturance of well-being,
community harmony, and better human resource
utilization. Relationships involving Character
Strengths, Happiness, Life Purpose and Life
Satisfaction as valued by Singapore Chinese,
Malays, Indians, and Other Asians and Caucasians
were investigated. A sample of Singapore adults
(N = 304) completed an online survey in English
comprising four measures, the Values in Action
37
ORAL ABSTRACTS
Inventory of Strengths, the Orientations to
Happiness Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale,
and the Life Engagement Test. Top five character
strengths found valued in this sampled Singapore
adults are Zest, Hope, Curiosity, Capacity to Love
and Gratitude. Orientation to happiness through
pursuing a life of meaning is preferred by all
four ethnic groups. Ethnic differences are found
for character strengths of Kindness, Humour,
Gratitude, and Religiousness and Spirituality.
Character strengths of Capacity to Love and
Gratitude are direct predictors of Life Satisfaction
while character strengths of Curiosity and Kindness
are found to predict Life Purpose. Happiness
orientations of a Life of Meaning and a Life of
Engagement are also found to be direct predictors
of Life Purpose. Life Purpose, in turn, predicts
Life Satisfaction. Despite small ethnic sample
sizes and other limitations, this study lays the
groundwork for future studies using more robust
sampling strategies and greater participation from
the major ethnic groups in Singapore.
OP63 - Josefina Ochoa
LIFE SATISFACTION ASSOCIATED WITH
EXISTENCE, RELATEDNESS AND GROWTH
NEEDS FULFILLMENT
Josefina C. Ochoa, PhD 1
1
Bulacan State University
The attainment of a satisfied human ecology is
characterized by both subjective and objective
happiness arising from the hierarchical fulfillment
of man’s existence (E), relatedness (R) and growth
(G) needs. This research looked into these life
sustaining facets –ERG and the interaction of
subjective and objective life satisfaction among
Filipino adults. The endeavor is a preliminary
exploration of adults’ basic and higher needs as
well as hypothesizing the association of ERG needs
fulfillment with both subjective and objective life
satisfaction. Interestingly, results confirmed the
hypotheses that ERG needs fulfillment is associated
with both subjective and objective life satisfaction.
However, the association is more significant
in subjective life satisfaction for existence and
growth needs fulfillment whereas in objective
life satisfaction there is higher association in
relatedness needs fulfillment. Finally, there is a
significant interaction between subjective and
objective life satisfaction. It can be inferred that the
38
sample are in the process of fulfilling their more
basic needs than of going higher the hierarchy of
living productively in the community they are in.
Implications for social intervention are forwarded.
Keywords: ERG needs, objective life satisfaction,
subjective life satisfaction
OP64 - Michelle Yong
THE EFFECT OF KNOWING ON AWE
Michelle Yong Jie Hui*1
Awe is often defined as a complex emotion
consisting of admiration and amplified by fear.
Previous studies have identified that feelings of
awe are triggered by stimuli perceived to be vast
which creates feelings of being overwhelmed
prompting an individual’s need to accommodate
new information. One such sources of awe is
cognitive elicitors which involve seeing the
connections between seemingly isolated events
and comprehensive causal variables, enabling one
to perceive vastness from realizing that powerful
forces are the cause of certain remote object or
event. Previous research had not attempted to
test this particular category of stimuli and the
debate of whether understanding the cause of
a phenomenon will have a negative or positive
effect on felt awe was never resolved. This present
experimental study aims to investigate whether
the presence of explanations of the nature of an
awe-inspiring stimulus will influence reports of
felt awe while controlling for dispositional awe. It
was hypothesized that individuals who are given
an explanation for an awe-inspiring stimulus will
report a higher amount of awe to be felt, relative
to individuals who are not informed of the causes
for such phenomena. This research utilizes a single
factor between-subject laboratory experiment
design in which 111 undergraduate psychology
students were shown an awe-eliciting stimulus,
with or without an explanation for its causes,
before they are asked to provide responses of felt
awe. The stimulus was presented in the form of a
video with narrations utilized as explanations.
Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) analyses
provided support for the hypothesis, in that the
presence of the explanations influences the
intensity of awe felt by participants. Participants
ORAL ABSTRACTS
who were given the explanation for the causes of
the awe-eliciting stimuli reported higher levels of
awe than participants in the explanation-absent
condition. This finding provides support for the
idea that cognitive elicitors of awe can in fact elicit
felt awe. Practical and theoretical implications as
well as future directions are further discussed.
Keywords: Awe, Cognitive elicitor, Explanations
OP65 - Cecilia M. Resurreccion
ADOLESCENT RESILIENCE:
A CONSTRUCT ANALYSIS AND DEVELOPMENT
OF FILIPINO RESILIENCE SCALE (FRS)
Cecilia M. Resurreccion, Guidance Education,
University of the Philippines, Diliman
There is need for greater clarity around the construct
of resilience as it relates to Filipino culture and
to the period of adolescence. Resilience is one
of the several strengths of Filipinos that can
assist young people in positive life adaptation as
they face major changes and challenges in their
adolescent years. Knowing this can guide the
development of interventions for prevention of
adverse psychological outcomes and promotion
of positive youth development.
The study developed a 5Cpoint Filipino
Resilience Scale “ for adolescents to explore
the construct of resilience and gauge their
level of resilience.
A mixed method research design, Qualitative and
quantitative method, was used. The 85Citem
scale was administered to a sample of college
students (n=850) aged 16C21. Each selfCrated
on a 5Cpoint scale (0C4) with higher scores
reflecting greater resilience. The reliability, validity
and factor analytic structure of the scale were
evaluated and reference scores were established.
The FRS demonstrated sound psychometric
properties. Factor analysis yielded four factors.
The results of the factor analysis has confirmed
the initial framework provided during the initial
conceptualization of the scale items which are
Appraisal, Adaptation and Growth except for a
new factor that emerged from the data, External
resources that include Spirituality and Family/
social support which speak so distinctly of Filipino
culture.
The study confirms that the FRS is a potentially
useful instrument to measure resilience among
adolescents. It has utility in both clinical and
research settings.
OP66 - Edgar Tham
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES
OF MENTAL TOUGHNESS: PERCEPTIONS OF
P.E. TEACHERS IN SINGAPORE
Edgar K. Tham*12, Mark J. Leong3
1
SportPsych Consulting, Singapore; 2SIM
University, Singapore
3
University of Wollongong, Singapore Campus,
Singapore
Mental toughness is often perceived to be
important in helping athletes overcome mistakes
and adversity when competing under pressure.
However, common conceptions of mental
toughness tend to vary. Numerous operational
definitions and factor-based models differ largely
in their definition of mental toughness. Thus,
the purpose of the study was to (a) identify the
typical psychological challenges faced by student
athletes as perceived by PE teachers, and (b)
analyze how their responses compare and fit with
existing models (e.g., Clough, Earle, & Sewell,
2002; Middleton, Martin, & Marsh, 2011).
143 responses were gathered from a survey of PE
teachers involved in the coaching of local student
athletes to identify specific mental toughness
issues relevant to them. Based on content analysis
of responses collected, the study identified several
descriptors derived from perceived psychological
challenges faced by these student athletes. In the
second half of the study, the previously identified
descriptors were further classified into six factors
present in several existing mental toughness
models (e.g., Clough et. al., 2002; Middleton et.
al., 2011; Harmison, 2009). The study confirms
the existence of several underlying descriptors
of mental toughness derived from commonly
perceived psychological challenges faced by
student athletes. Further analyses led us to
believe that these descriptors fit the classification
of several mental toughness factors identified
by existing models, showing us that no singular
model encapsulates mental toughness accurately.
This exploratory study suggests that further
research is necessary to understand this construct
39
ORAL ABSTRACTS
in an Asian context. Future directions for research
could include further confirmatory studies on
larger, more diverse samples of coaches and
athletes, or separate replication studies on
different populations outside of the sporting
context (e.g., parents). Further implications for
physical education teachers, coaches, and sport
psychologists are also relevant here, as the factors
identified could potentially be used to develop
methods to facilitate the development of mental
toughness.
of Haiyan proportions, and have implications on
the provision of mental health and psychosocial
support services. This has also implications on
disaster risk reduction and management policy
development and implementation.
Keywords: Disaster, Mental Health
OP68 - May Agawin
Keywords: Mental Toughness, Physical
Education, Student Athletes
TEMPERAMENT DIMENSION AND STRESS
LEVEL OF THE ARMED FORCES RESERVE
COMMAND IN THE NATIONAL CAPITAL
REGION PHILIPPINES
OP67 - Johnrev Guilaran
Bebsky Mary Agawin*1, Graduate School, Rizal
Technological University1
STORIES OF DISASTER IN A SMALL ISLAND
SETTING: THE BAYAS ISLAND, PHILIPPINES
EXPERIENCE
Johnrev B. Guilaran*1, Marshaley J. Baquiano1
1
Iloilo, Philippines
Disasters are a common occurrence in the
Philippines but on 8 November 2013, Typhoon
Haiyan struck the Country which dramatically
changed how disasters are viewed by its people.
The study looked at the experiences of 36 residents
of Bayas Island, Estancia in Iloilo, Philippines when
their place was devastated by Typhoon Haiyan
and afflicted by Tropical Storm Kajiki (Basyang). The respondents shared their stories of when
the disasters struck and how they coped in the
aftermath through focus group discussions (FGDs)
and pakikipagkwentuhan (informal conversations),
which were conducted three months after
Typhoon Haiyan struck the island. Data were
analyzed using thematic analysis and were
explored using the lens of Social Representation
Theory by Moscovici (1988). Salient themes were
found in their stories, which are mainly about
their experiences during and after the disaster.
Anchoring was used in their understanding of
these events, and their understanding of disasters
was influenced by the media and by sources they
perceived as of authority. Stories during disaster
include themes revolving around preparation and
survival, while stories after disaster have salient
themes on coping, assistance, disaster’s effects,
and displacement. Results show how people in an
island community setting are impacted by disasters
40
A study aimed to determine the temperament
and stress level of the Armed Forces Reserve
Command in the National Capital Region, limited
to the Reservists of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines Reserve Command (AFPRESCOM) at
Camp General Emilio Aguinaldo, Quezon City.
A descriptive survey was used using GuilfordZimmerman Temperament Survey (GZTS), and the
Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). A purposive sampling
scheme was used in selecting the participants from
the population strength of Reservist.
Results of the study revealed that according toage,
respondents with ages ranging from 30-41 got
very high scores in their masculinity equal to 95%.
Both male and females were found to have a very
high score in masculinity equal to 90%. Married
reservist were found to possess high masculine
trait to70% among males, and a score equal to
90% among females. Majority of the respondents
almost never experienced being low stressed
and majority of the respondents sometimes
experienced being high stressed. Results showed
that there is a significant relationship between
these traits: G with r=-0.03 and computed t-value
of 2.03, R with r=-0.41 and computed t-value of
2.51; O with r=-0.35 and computed t-value of
2.40; F with r=-0.20 and computed t-value of
7.84; P with r=-0.30 and computed t-value of
2.91 and M with r=-0.35 and computed t-value
of 1.94 to stress.
Based on the outcomes of the study, it is
recommended that AFPRESCOM should establish
program that will help the younger reservists
to become more interested in their activities.
ORAL ABSTRACTS
While helping the older reservists to have
activities traditionally considered suitable for
them; Psychologist should develop a program
that would establish skills needed to improve
assertiveness and setting priorites among reservists
especially the younger recruits; the Academe
may offer lectures on greater awareness of one’s
temperament and their stressors in the National
Service Training Program (NSTP) component and
in the Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC)
programs, and not only focused on basic survival,
weapons familiarization, drills and ceremonies
as included in Military Science (MS) subjects,
particularly that graduates of the ROTC cadets
shall be incorporated into the Reserve Force.
AFPRESCOM should continuously strive to have
more volunteer civilian recruits especially the
women sector of the society.
Keywords: Temperament, Stress, Armed Forces
Reservist
OP69 - Jane Tuomola
LIFE AFTER SFBT: WHAT FACTORS AFFECT
WHETHER STUDENTS OF SOLUTION
FOCUSED BRIEF THERAPY GO ONTO
PRACTISE THIS APPROACH?
Jane Tuomola*1 and Kimberly Chew1
1
JCU Singapore
Solution focused brief therapy (SFBT) has been
found to be an effective treatment for a variety of
psychological problems. There is some evidence
SFBT can be completed in fewer sessions than
alternative approaches, which can be cost
effective for organisations. Organisations or
individuals who choose to train in SFBT therefore
want to make sure when investing in training, that
training is effective. There have been only a small
number of studies investigating the effectiveness
of SF training, but these have many limitations.
These indicate several factors that can affect the
impact of training, such as amount of training and
supervision, which warrant further exploration
in a larger scale study over a longer time period.
The current study uses a cross sectional survey
design to investigate what factors affect the extent
to which students of SFBT go on to practise the
approach. The survey was designed by collating
previous research tools, and asking for input from
all the trainers from the International Alliance
of Solution Focused Training Institutes (IASTI)
worldwide. It was piloted on a small sample of
SFBT practitioners in Singapore. The dependent
variable is clinicians’ use of the SFBT model.
The independent variables include hours of SFBT
training; time since training; hours of supervision;
knowledge of SFBT, beliefs about SFBT;
organisational and cultural support for SFBT and
demographic details. The results will be analysed
using a hierarchical regression analysis to ascertain
which factors predict clinicians’ use of the model
and the relative importance of these factors. The
questionnaire has been sent to all graduates of
an organisation in Singapore offering training in
SFBT over the last 10 years, and includes several
hundred practitioners from all over Asia. The
results will be available mid November. The results
will be fed back to the training institute locally
to help maximise the effectiveness of training.
Local government and voluntary organisations
will benefit as they will be able to maximise the
outcome from their investment in staff training.
This will go on to benefit patients and ensure
they are more likely to be receiving high quality
evidence based treatment in fewer sessions to
improve their mental health. The results will also
be fed back to all IASTI members to maximise the
impact of training across the world.
Keywords: SFBT; Training; Effectiveness
OP70 - Maria Caridad
IDENTITY, UNCERTAINTY, AND ANXIETY:
PSYCHOLOGICAL ISSUES EXPERIENCED BY
UNDOCUMENTED CHILDREN
Maria Caridad H. Tarroja*1
Agnes Villegas1
1
De La Salle University, Manila
The impact of migration on Filipino families and
children has been the focus of many migration
studies. Many social scientists have looked into the
Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs), their families
and children but little work is done about the
experiences and condition of the irregular (more
commonly referred to as illegal) Filipino migrants.
One phenomenon that is slowly catching the
attention of some people is the undocumented
or stateless children. This lecture focuses on the
impact of being undocumented or stateless on the
psychological well-being of Filipino children living
in Sabah. Two Focused Group Discussions (FGDs)
41
ORAL ABSTRACTS
were conducted to identify psychological issues
of Filipino children who have been repatriated to
Zamboanga after they have been caught without
legal documents and have stayed in prison in
Sabah for a minimum of 6 months. Evident in their
sharing were identity, uncertainty, and anxiety
issues. While most of them openly declared that
they are Filipinos, they do not have the supporting
documents to validate their claims. Growing up,
these children experience feelings of uncertainty
and anxiety, always vigilant and on the lookout for
the possibility of being caught by the authorities.
Further, other aspects of their development are
affected, e.g., cognitive, emotional, and social. At
the core of these psychological issues is the role
of the family and perhaps the state in changing
or maintaining the statelessness or undocumented
status of the children. Without interventions to
address the personal, psychological and social
dimensions of the issue, the undocumented
children will continue to suffer and be at risk of
being unprotected.
As recommended by the UNHCR 2010, a 4-pillar
approach to build an effective response to
statelessness has been suggested: (1) identification
(which involves mapping the situation of stateless
and those at risk); (2) prevention (avoiding new
cases, e.g., legislative guidelines; promoting birth
registration ); (3) reduction (resolve existing
cases, e.g., citizenship campaign; naturalization
) and; (4) protection (ensuring that stateless /
undocumented persons enjoy their fundamental
rights while they waiting for resolution).
Keywords: Undocumented children, identity,
uncertainty
OP71- Pramesti Pradna Paramita
TRAINING ON AUTISM MANAGEMENT:
DEVELOPING INCLUSIVE STATE SCHOOL
TEACHERS AND RELEVANT PROFESSIONALS’
CAPABILITY IN ASSISTING CHILDREN WITH
AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
Pramesti Pradna Paramita1, Margaretha*2, Tino
Leonardi3
Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Airlangga,
Surabaya, Indonesia
increasing. According to a research report titled
“The Prevalence of Autism in Australia: Can it be
established from existing data?” the prevalence
of individuals with ASD in Australia is 1:160. A
similar number, 1:150, is found in the United
States (Autism Advisory Board on Autism Spectrum
Disorders, 2007). Although there has not been
an exact data, it appears that the prevalence
of individuals with ASD is also increasing in
Indonesia. This situation certainly needs proper
responses. Previous research shows that through
appropriate teachings, children with ASD can learn
to communicate and develop various important
social and adaptive skills to help them develop
independence and personal responsibility. In this
process, teachers and other professionals, such
as therapists, definitely play a significant role in
assisting children with ASD in developing their
skills. In Indonesia, the government facilitates the
development of children with ASD by establishing
some autism centers across the country. Children
with ASD on the school age can also enroll in
inclusive state schools which can be found in
all districts. In order to help professionals from
inclusive state schools, state autism center, state
hospital and other medical center to develop their
understanding of ASD and capabilities in assisting
children with ASD, the Faculty of Psychology,
Universitas Airlangga organised a training on
autism management. This training was held in the
Faculty of Psychology, for four weekends, with the
total of eight days. The 38 training participants
included teachers from inclusive schools, doctors,
nurses and therapists from four cities in East Java
province, which are Surabaya, Sidoarjo, Gresik
and Malang. This paper aims to explain the
training process and result. Recommendations
for those who are interested in the area of autism
management practices will also be provided at the
end of the paper.
Keywords: training, autism management
OP72 - Jessica Espanto
CREATIVITY AND MEANING-MAKING
OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM THROUGH
PARTICIPATORY DRAWING
123
From year to year, the number of individuals with
autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is continually
42
Jessica Espanto*1 Ateneo De Manila University2
MedMom Child Development Clinic32 Fr. Jaime
C. Bulatao SJ Center for Psychology Services
and Karina Therese Fernandez, PhD1 Ateneo De
ORAL ABSTRACTS
Manila University2 Fr. Jaime C. Bulatao SJ Center
for Psychology Services
Participatory drawing, or drawing and telling, is
a collaborative, visual research methodology in
qualitative studies used with children and youth.
It offers a strength-based, child-friendly medium
for individuals with autism. This is an exploratory
study on the use of participatory drawing
techniques on eliciting the lived experience of
friendship of two Filipino children with autism. As
a framework of analysis, Hinz’ (2009a) expressive
therapies continuum was utilized to explore how
the participants represented their lived experience.
The drawing and telling of the participants captured
a joyful experience of friendship. Children in this
study used color, size and distance, words and
symbols, as well as filmic features in depicting
their friendship experience. Through the use
of color, affective significance was conveyed.
Companionship or sense of togetherness with a
friend was concretized by manipulating distance.
The use of size and signs made reference to the
friendship relation, whereas, the use of words and
symbols contextualized the friendship experience.
Filmic features, likewise, added another layer
of abstraction on the friendship experience by
animating or making details come to life. Children
in this study have a rich memory to evidence their
friendship experience. They have a special bond
with their friend and perceive that their friend
shares this connection with them. The benefits of
participatory drawing in working with children
with autism are also discussed.
Keywords: autism, participatory drawing,
drawing and telling
OP73 - Silviana Yunita
THE EFFECT OF PERCEPTION OF DIVERSITY
AND COLLECTIVISM TO TEAM EFFECTIVENESS
TOWARDS ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT
AS MEDIATOR
Silviana Yunita1, Supra Wimbarti1
1
Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Nowadays, organization realized that teamwork
is more effective. Team effectiveness has been
separate and intensively researched in various
study as a team contribution to organizational
effectiveness. In the other way, team effectiveness
also could improve the company productivity.
Which in practice is influenced by many things.
There are two things that need to be considered in
assessing team effectiveness in such as perception
of diversity and collectivism. However, there are
also organizational commitment which influence
team effectiveness and is influenced by perception
of diversity and collectivism. This study uses a
quantitative approach to the type of descriptive
correlational study. The method will be carried out
in this study is a survey method using Perception of
Diversity Scale, Collectivism Scale, Organizational
Commitment Scale and Team Effectiveness Scale.
Subjects in this study were 120 employees in a
multicultural company. The data obtained will be
analyzed with Structure Equation Modeling(SEM)
in the software program AMOS 18.0.0.The result of
this study showed that organizational commitment
does not have moderating effect in the relationship
between perception of diversity and collectivsm
to team effectiveness. Implication of this study
are discussed, together with limitations and
suggestions for further research.
Keywords: team effectiveness, perception
of diversity, organizational commitment,
collectivism
OP74 - Jenny Setiawan
MOM’S INVOLVEMENT IN BUSINESS: DOES
IT HELP TO RAISE ENTREPRENEURIAL SELFEFFICACY?
Jenny Lukito Setiawan *1
1
Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Ciputra,
Surabaya, Indonesia
Entrepreneurial self-efficacy is believed as the
predictor of entrepreneurial behavior. Therefore
entrepreneurial self-efficacy has increasingly
become the focus of entrepreneurship education
among young people. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy
can be developed by the process of modeling and
exercises to master entrepreneurial tasks. Role
models of youngsters can include father and
mother. The aim of this paper is to investigate
whether mother’s involvement in business as
a business owner is related to her children’s
entrepreneurial self-efficacy. The study compared
entrepreneurial self-efficacy of youngsters who had
different background of occupations: both father
and mother did not own business, only father
owned business, only mother owned business,
and both father and mother owned business.
43
ORAL ABSTRACTS
The study was conducted among 6th semester
undergraduate students in a university in an urban
area in Indonesia. Total number of participants
was 360 students, who were from various study
programs. Their mean age was 21.15. The data
collection tools were entrepreneurial self-efficacy
scale which was the modification of the scale
developed by de Noble et al. (1999).
Results showed that higher entrepreneurial selfefficacy was found among students whose mother
owned business. Students whose father had
business, but mother did not, had no different
entrepreneurial self-efficacy from students whose
both parents did not have any business at all,
t(143)=0.317, p>0.05. While, students whose
mother had business, but father did not, had
significantly higher entrepreneurial self-efficacy
compared to students whose parents did not have
any business at all, t(44)=2.032; p<0.05. Those
with mother as business owner had significantly
higher entrepreneurial self-efficacy compared to
those with father as business owner, t(133)=2.156,
p<0.05. Students whose both parents owned
business had higher entrepreneurial self-efficacy
than those with only father owned business,
t(290)=3.927, p<0.001. Detailed findings and
further discussion will be explored in the paper.
Keywords: entrepreneurial self-efficacy, mother,
entrepreneur
OP76 - Law Seng Yew
HOW BETTER-THAN-AVERAGE BIAS RELATES
TO PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL
SYSTEM SATISFACTION: EQUITY SENSITIVITY
AS THE MODERATOR
Law Seng Yew*1
Keywords: Better-than-average-effect,
Performance appraisal system satisfaction,
Equity sensitivity
exceptional positive performance (Palmer, 2011).
However, employees are often dissatisfied with
the performance appraisal system due to the
performance review process and feedback that
the employees obtain are often below their own
evaluation of performance (Elicker, Levy, & Hall,
2006). In this situation, Kobussen, Kalagnanam,
and Vaidyanathan (2014) proposed that employees
might engage in ‘better-than-average’ effect and
perceive their own contribution to the company
as higher than the “average employee”. Due to
the employees’ inflated self-evaluation employees
might be expecting a more favorable evaluation
based on the PAS and by receiving a lower-thanexpected evaluation based on PAS, the employees
are more likely to feel less satisfied with the
PAS. The current study predicts that the higher
the better-than-average effect one portrays, the
lower the PAS satisfaction. That is, there will be
a negative relationship between better-thanaverage effect and PAS satisfaction. Further, the
current study aimed to test equity sensitivity
as a moderator. The current study proposes that
the relationship between better-than-average
effect and PAS satisfaction will be moderated by
equity sensitivity. Equity sensitivity measures an
individual’s tendency in the input-output ratio
preference along a continuum of benevolenceoriented (i.e. a ‘giver’ in an organization who
expects less output for their input) and entitledoriented (i.e. a ‘taker’ in an organization who
expects more output for their input). This current
study is a correlational study. 90 accountants
whose company in Malaysia and implements PAS
will be recruited. Type of profession is limited
to accountancy for better control of potential
confounds in the study. The direct and moderating
effect will be tested using hierarchical regression.
The result of the study will be beneficial for the
human resource management in implementing
a better PAS. For example, human resource
management could take employee’s individual
differences in equity sensitive into consideration,
when evaluating the effectiveness of PAS.
Presentation Type: Oral presentation
Performance appraisal system (PAS) is defined as
an active communication process in which the
employees’ actions are evaluated, subsequently
allowing the managers to provide encouragement
and guidance to the employees by rewarding
44
ORAL ABSTRACTS
OP77 - Awang Wicaksono
STIMULATION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP
MOTIVATION MODEL DEVELOPMENT FOR
FORMER INDONESIAN MIGRANT WORKERS
IN EAST JAVA
Awang Setiawan Wicaksono1 & Achmad Irfan
Muzni2
1&2
Muhammadiyah University of Gresik
This research aims to apply the model of
entrepreneurial
motivation
by
combining
stimulation with emphasis on the utilization
of local area to the former Indonesian migrant
workers that has returned from overseas and
has no plans to back off out of the country.
This research was conducted in the area of East
Java. This type of research is a qualitative study
using Participatory Action Research. Where the
method of data collection was done by using the
method of observation and in-depth interviews
to subjects and key informants. In addition to the
data collection is done by using a Focused Group
Discussion (FGD) and workshops with subjects
and other parties concerned. As a follow up of
the results, the researchers conducted a workshop
with stakeholders will provide guidance to the
group of subjects who are involved to realize the
knowledge and skills that have been acquired to
significantly develop commercial real effort to
harness the potential of the existing local area.
Keywords: Stimulation of Entrepreneurship
Motivation Model Development, former
Indonesian Migrant Workers
OP78 - Marshaley Baquiano
NEEDS ASSESSMENT OF FILIPINO PUBLIC
AND PRIVATE SCHOOL TEACHERS: A SCALE
CONSTRUCTION
Raiza Artemis D. Nayve 1
Carl Gil Angelo H. Celebria 1
Augil Marie Q. Robles 1
Ashley B. Pineda 1
Jessa Mariae G. Redome 1
Briar Rose I. Iquiña 1
Marshaley J. Baquiano*1
1
University of the Philippines Visayas,
Miagao, Iloilo, Philippines
A scale measuring the perceived needs of public
and private school teachers in the Philippines was
constructed in the hope of addressing the lack of
such valid and reliable local instrument. Factor
analysis was used to test for construct validity
and Chronbach’s alpha was utilized to measure
internal consistency reliability. The final scale is
composed if 63 items with 7 subscales focusing on
the following areas: compensation and benefits,
supervision and administration, school facilities,
skills trainings, skills utilization, work stress
management, and handling bullying. Pilot-tested
among 153 public and private school teachers
from two of the biggest islands in the archipelago,
Visayas and Mindanao, the scale was found valid
and reliable with a Chronbach’s alpha = .96 and
with the internal consistency reliability of the 7
subscales falling within acceptable range.
Keywords: Needs Assessment, Scale
Construction
OP79 - Salvacion L. Villafuerte
IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL
INTERVENTION FOR ABUSED CHILDREN
WITH CASE PROCEEDINGS IN THE PROVINCE
OF ALBAY
Salvacion A. Laguilles-Villafuerte*1
1
Bicol University, Daraga, Albay, Philippines
Psychological Intervention, Abused Children,
Child Protection
Children need interventions to be helped recover
traumatic experiences. Receiving multidisciplinary
intervention according to studies (Berliner
&Conte, 1995; Cohen & Mannarino, 1998;
McPherson, Scribano & Stevens, 2011; Sprang,
Craig, Clark, Vergon, Tindall, Cohen & Gurwitch,
2012) show more positive outcome in helping
children become functional again in different
aspects of their lives. In Albay, Philippines, not
all abused children are referred for psychological
intervention. Case management largely focuses on
the socio-economic needs of the child.
Aside from the trauma these children experienced,
being involved in the legal system is another
challenge as they face alleged perpetrators, relive
traumatic experiences and be under scrutiny as
they testify in case proceedings. Studies (Gray,
1993; Runyan, Everson, Edelsohn, Hunter &
45
ORAL ABSTRACTS
Coulter, 1988) established that children who are
given legal proceedings usually receive biases and
little consistency in the treatment of sexual abuse.
However, despite the significance of psychological
intervention in helping prepare child witnesses,
dealing with trauma and healing process, not all
abused children with on-going court measures are
referred to receive it.
This study focused on referred abused children
from Albay, Philippines and assessed the impact
of psychological intervention as a strengthening
factor helping abused children go through the
case proceedings. The emotional competence of
the abused children who received and did not
receive any form of psychological intervention
was established through scores from BarOn
Emotional Quotient Inventory: Youth Version.
The in-depth interviews with the children and
key informants provided details and status of the
case as well as the intervention received. The
impact of the psychological intervention was
established through the expressed changes and
progress after the received forms of psychological
intervention. A focus group discussion with
multidisciplinary intervention teams validated
the findings of the study, confirmed the need to
strengthen the psychological interventions in
the local government unit and the agreement
of implementing the proposed psychological
intervention program; “TASK (Tabang Asin
Pagmamakulog Sa Kaakian): Psychological
Wellness Modules to help (Tabang) more abused
children and protect them (Pagmamakulog Sa
Kaakian).
OP80 - Gerald Zeng
FINDINGS FROM A PROGRAMME OF
RESEARCH ON YOUTH WHO HAVE SEXUALLY
OFFENDED IN SINGAPORE
Gerald ZENG1, Chi Meng CHU2, Dongdong LI3,
Jennifer TEOH4, Li Lian KOH5, Kai Keat LIM6.
1, 2, 3
Centre for Research on Rehabilitation and
Protection, Clinical and Forensic Psychology
Branch,
Singapore
4, 5
Clinical and Forensic Psychology Branch,
Singapore
6
Ministry of Defence, Singapore
46
This paper seeks to present consolidated results
from a series of research studies that have been
conducted throughout the past decade on youth
who have sexually offended in Singapore.
The paper will first provide a general overview of
youth who have sexually offended in Singapore.
This will include establishing the prevalence
of sexual offending among youth offenders in
Singapore, and elaborate on the profiles of youth
who sexually offend. As an example, it will be seen
that youth who sexually offended do differ from
other nonsexual youth offenders in Singapore.
This will be followed by in-depth explorations
into specific topics. For example, findings have
indicated differences based on the classification
of youth who have sexually offended. For
example, youth who offended both sexually and
nonsexually were found to have higher risk and
criminogenic needs and poorer outcomes as
compared to youth who only sexually offended.
Additionally, classification based on the age of
victim and nature of sexual offense was found to
influence pathways to sexual offending.
The paper will also present research on
psychometric evaluations of instruments that have
been used in the assessment and intervention of
youth who have sexually offended in Singapore.
For instance, findings have indicated adequate
predictive validity for the Estimate of Risk of
Adolescent Sexual Offense Recidivism (ERASOR),
while only limited utility for tools such as the
Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol-II
(J-SOAP-II) and the Youth Level of Service Case
Management Inventory (YLS/CMI).
The implications of the abovementioned research
for intervention on youth who sexually offended
in the local context will then be discussed, along
with future directions of research.
Keywords: Sexual offending, youth, Singapore
OP81 - Gerald Zeng
ASSESSING YOUTH OFFENDERS IN
SINGAPORE: A PROGRAMME OF RESEARCH
ON THE YOUTH LEVEL OF SERVICE
Chi Meng CHU*1,2, Gerald ZENG1, Kala RUBY3,
& Jennifer TEOH2
ORAL ABSTRACTS
Centre for Research on Rehabilitation and
Protection, Ministry of Social and Family
Development
2
Clinical and Forensic Psychology Branch,
Ministry of Social and Family Development
3
Probation Services Branch, Ministry of Social
and Family Development
OP82 - Esmeralda Ng
The current paper seeks to present consolidated
results from a programme of research on a youth
offender risk assessment measure (Youth Level of
Service [YLS]) that is commonly used across the
youth justice agencies in Singapore. The main
goal of this paper is to examine the utility of
this risk assessment measure in the Singaporean
context. The findings stem from a series of
research studies that have been published over
the past few years.
Kiasuism is a cultural-specific construct which
is loosely defined as the “fear of losing out”.
While this construct is widely understood within
a Malaysian/Singaporean context, little empirical
research has been conducted to better understand
this construct and how this unique form of fear
influences the behaviours of individuals. In three
studies, we conceptualised this phenomenon
with greater accuracy, culminating in the
development of a valid and reliable measure
of kiasuism. We employed the use of both
qualitative and quantitative methods to delineate
the concept, and in developing a valid measure
of the construct. The theoretical underpinnings
of the concept revolved around established
psychological theories pertaining to fear, social
comparison, and competitiveness. Additionally,
we reviewed studies conducted on this unique
social phenomenon. Study 1 was a qualitative
study conducted via a focus group with six
Malaysian Chinese academic staff members from
a large private Malaysian education institution.
This first study was conducted to provide an initial
definition of kiasuism, and to derive a generalizable
understanding of kiasuism from its contextspecific nature. Results revealed that kiasuism can
be understood as an attitude towards a perceived
threat or loss which stirs up feelings of uneasiness
in light of the perceived scarcity of resources that
are deemed to be of value to the individual. In
Study 2, we developed a 39-item Kiasu Measure.
Data collected via an online survey comprising
210 Malaysians (ages 18 – 40) and analysed with
an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) showed that
kiasuism was motivated by four underlying lenses
that individuals adopt in their perceptions of the
world. The factors emerging from this analysis
were labelled ‘the social athlete’, ‘the social
comparator’, ‘the picture perfect’ and ‘the tightlipped’. Following this, we conducted a third study
to review the measure a second time with a series
of expert interviews with 7 Malaysians in order
to refine the wordings of the items on the scale.
This review resulted in the selection of 25-items,
1
The paper will provide a general overview of
Risk-Needs-Responsivity
(RNR)
framework
and the associated risk assessment measure,
the YLS. In addition, information pertaining to
the youth justice system in Singapore and the
implementation of the RNR framework as well as
the YLS will be provided.
This will be followed by a discussion of findings
from studies on the risk and criminogenic needs of
the general youth offenders, youth gang offenders,
youth sexual offenders, as well as their recidivistic
outcomes. For example, this paper will examine
the validity of the YLS ratings for predicting
recidivism in youth offenders in Singapore, as
well as for identifying their criminogenic needs
for intervention. Furthermore, the fidelity of
the YLS for tracking changes in risk factors and
criminogenic needs of these youth offenders,
as well as the gender responsiveness of these
measure will be examined. Lastly, the usefulness
and limitations of the YLS with different types of
offenders (e.g., sexual offenders, gang offenders,
and maltreated offenders) will also be presented
in this paper.
The implications of the abovementioned
research for assessment, intervention, and public
policy in relation to these youth offenders in the
Singaporean context will be discussed, along
with future directions of research.
Keywords: Recidivism, youth offenders, risk
assessment
CONSTRUCTING AND VALIDATING A
MEASURE OF KIASUISM
Esmeralda Ng Ming Sze*1, Jeremy Lim Yao Song1,
Tee Yu Jin1
1
47
ORAL ABSTRACTS
which were deemed the most relevant measures
of the kiasuism scale. This revised scale was then
administered as part of Study 3. Results from the
sample of 259 Malaysians (ages 18 – 40) analysed
using an EFA revealed a stable factor structure of
17 items which clustered into the aforementioned
four-factor model. Theoretically, our study adds to
a more nuanced understanding of this attitudinal
tendency, and provides a psychometrically sound
measure of kiasuism for future research into the
subject. Practically, since kiasuism is a social
phenomenon, our study is applicable in further
understanding the possible adverse consequences
of kiasuism on the subjective wellbeing of people
in the areas of social, clinical, organisational, and
cross-cultural psychology.
Keywords: kiasu, fear of losing, Malaysia/
Singapore
OP83 - Roann Ramos
A NEW APPROACH IN DEPRESSIONSCREENING: VALIDATION OF PSYCHOLOGIST
IN A POCKET
Roann Muñoz Ramos*1,2,Paula Ferrer Cheng2,
Portia Lynn Quetulio-See2, Tim Ix3, Jó Ágila
Bitsch3, Klaus Wehrle3
1
Clinic for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and
Psychosomatic, University Hospital Aachen,
Aachen, Germany
2
University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
3
COMSYS, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen,
Germany
Depression is the second leading cause of disability
worldwide (Ferrari et al., 2013). However,
depression rates in SE Asia are the lowest,
attributed to factors, such as lack of awareness,
shortage of mental-health professionals, taboos
and stigma. In the Philippines, depression can
go unnoticed, especially among adolescents.
Only 3% of Filipinos suffering from depression
are clinically diagnosed. Others are symptomatic
but are ashamed to seek professional help. Some
are unaware that they show signs of depression
(Natasha
Goulbourn
Foundation,
2004).
Depression and its association with poor academic
performance among university students is also of
growing concern (Lee et al., 2013).
48
A latest approach to health care, mobile health
(mHealth) uses wireless (mobile) technology
in medicine and public health. Extending to
psychological health, mental mHealth augments
clinical assessment via real-time measurements
and reduction of recall bias. Although its
applications have been largely concentrated
outside of Asia, the popularity of mobile phones
in the Philippines is perceived as a promising
aspect in the development of mental mHealth
applications, such as the mobile application
Psychologist in a Pocket (PiaP) (Ramos, Winter,
Smith & Bitsch, 2012).
The purpose of this on-going study is the validation
of PiaP. Despite the growing recognition of
depression in the Philippines, apprehension
surrounding mental illness prevents individuals
from taking necessary steps towards depression
assessment. To address this, PiaP screens
depression based on DSM criteria in a nonintrusive manner using text analysis technology
and analyzes electronic data on the smartphone
device itself.
To validate PiaP, this research-in-progress
applies the Tripartite Theory of Test Construction
(Theoretical-substantive, Internal-structural and
External-criterion). It derives its depression-lexicon
(words for analysis) from focus group discussions,
interviews and psychological tests. Afterwards, it
will undergo testing for content validity (Lawshe),
item analysis (classical test, item response), internal
consistency (Cronbach alpha) and confirmatory
factor analysis. Lastly, the external-criterion stage
will establish concurrent criterion and construct
validities against psychological measures (e.g.,
BDI-II, CES-D Scale). Norm structure will be
developed for college students.
Keywords: depression, mental mHealth,
Psychologist in a Pocket
ORAL ABSTRACTS
OP84 - Rashida Mohamed Zain
USING NARRATIVE THERAPY IN GROUP
INTERVENTION FOR VIOLENT MEN
Rashida Mohamed Zain*1, Georgina Tay1, Tang
Huan Shern1
Psychologist, Psychological Services Branch,
Psychological
and Correctional Rehabilitation Division,
Singapore Prison Service, Singapore
1
The approach towards violent offender intervention
within the Singapore Prison Service (SPS) comprised
mainly of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT).
CBT facilitates awareness of an individual’s
thoughts, feelings and consequences, which then
allows for disputation of negative thoughts related
to violence. Intervention for violent offenders
would therefore require awareness of their own
entrenched violent attitudes and values before
change can be implemented. It was believed that
adopting a Narrative Therapy (NT) approach in a
group setting would not only allow the sharing
of stories and improve mutual support among
members and facilitators in the group, but also
encourage awareness of participant’s own violent
identities.
violent core beliefs: “violence is normal”, “beat
or be beaten”, “I am the law”, and “I get out of
control”. These were consistent with implicit
theories of violence articulated by Polaschek,
Calvert, and Gannon (2008). The hypothesis that
NT would foster emotional support among men
in the group was observed in their behaviours
toward each other and verbal support they
provided for each other. Furthermore, there was
a remarkable positive shift in the rapport between
psychologist facilitators and the group. NT
allowed psychologist facilitators to take on these
men’s perspectives. By “giving back” their stories
to them in the form of a song, these men felt heard
and understood. Implications: Findings support
the value of incorporating NT techniques into a
group violence intervention programme. Further
research is required to better understand how NT
techniques impact and support treatment goals
of a prison-based group violence intervention
programme.
Keywords: narrative therapy, violence, group
intervention
The addition of NT techniques in violence group
intervention aimed to enable members within the
group to form emotional bonds with one another
and improve rapport with the psychologist
facilitators, as well as enhance awareness of their
own violent identities. This would subsequently
allow participants to more freely examine their
core beliefs and challenge their negative thoughts
derived from these beliefs. In this way, NT would
then allow for the formation of new non-violent
identities at the end of the group intervention.
Men in the group shared their violence stories
that contributed to their present violent identities.
Psychologist facilitators rescued their words
during these sharing sessions. Compilation of
violent stories were later analysed qualitatively
and narrowed down to several common themes.
These common themes were re-arranged in a form
of a song, which was later presented to the group.
Analysis and Results: Common themes included
history of gang membership and violence as a
learned behaviour in response to threats against
them or their loved ones. For the former, their
gang identities were found to subscribe to four
49
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