manyo-shu

210
210
EVOCATIVE OF JAPAN
The Man -Yo-Shu is the oldest existing collection of Japanese poetry,
compiled in the late 8th century during Nara-Heian Periods.
This particularly unique Japanese work
can introduce you to the essence
of beautiful nature in four seasons,
inherited traditions and customs in daily life,
and more things that are evocative of Japan.
The Province
of Izumo
The Province
of Houki
The Province
of Inaba
Mt. Daisen
Lake Shinji
Iwami Kagura
The clear blue sea, the sunset above the horizon, mountain landscapes that change color along with the
seasons, and the sight of fishermen’s boats gathering clams with a rake in a lake are some of the scenes
that moved ‘waka’ poets such as Hitomaro, Kadobe-no Okimi, Okura, and Yakamochi to create poems.
People appreciate their old traditions like Iwami Kagura, a sacred dance and music dedicated to deities,
and regional myths. They often visit shrines and temples when they reach milestones in their lives.
There are many time-honored Japanese-style inns, homestays, and hotels available with heartfelt hospitality.
You are very welcome to visit our Sanin Provinces and experience a distinct culture and atmosphere.
Kakinomoto-no
Hitomaro
Yamanoue-no
Okura
ViVid
万葉
SANIN MAN-YO SOCIETY
山陰万葉を歩く会
SANIN MAN-YO SOCIETY
OFFICE : The Tourism Promotion Section, the Department of Commerce-Industry & Tourism, Gotsu City Hall
E-mail: [email protected]
Special thanks to Christopher Powers, College of Europe
Kadobe-no
Ōkimi
山陰万葉を歩く会
2016.3.20
Ōtomo-no
Yakamochi
門部 王
柿本人麻呂
Sanin Kaigan Global Geopark
風土記と万葉集の旅
The Province
of Iwami
歌 人 と 訪 ね る 山 陰・万 葉 ゆ か り の 地
国 造 り 前 夜 の 恋 の 旅
AN INTRODUCTION TO THE PLACES
AND POETS OF A JAPANESE CLASSIC,
“MAN-YO-SHU”
208
ViVid
AN INTRODUCTION TO THE PLACES AND POETS
OF A JAPANESE CLASSIC, “MAN-YO-SHU”
おきのくに
万葉
208
The Provinces of Iwami, Izumo, Houki, and Inaba are closely related to the collection of ‘waka’ poems called
Man-Yo-Shu, the oldest remaining collection of “waka” poems. It includes 4,500 poems, starting with a poem
written by Empress Nintoku in the 5th century and ending with a poem about a celebration of the New Year in
759 by Otomo-no Yakamochi, who is said to have compiled the collection.
The collection also contains sad poems by a soldier who was sent to Kyushu to guard the area, poems
describing the hard work by common people, and romantic poems, all of which are reflections of people’s
sincere perspectives and desires.
In those times, the provinces were also gateways to Japan from the eastern countries of Asia. They must have
been regarded as important areas by the former central government of Japan. For that reason, the government
officials sent there to govern the areas were carefully selected.
Some of them assigned for the job were poets noted for their fine pieces in the Man-Yo-Shu, such as Ōtomo-no
Yakamochi of the Province of Inaba, Yamanoue-no Okura of the Province of Houki, Kadobe-no Ōkimi of the
Province of Izumo, and Kakinomoto-no Hitomaro of the Province of Iwami. They wrote ‘waka’ poems about
their respective provinces and the people while they were in office, and these poems were finally included in
the Man-Yo-Shu.
Why not visit the places filled with the old spirit of Japan and feel the literary ambience of the Man-Yo-Shu?
001
001
001
Yurahime Shrine
001
001
Iwami-Tatamiga-Ura
Katayama Tumulus
Temple Ruins of Shimokou
Toda Kakinomoto
Shrine
375
Mt. Tsurubuyama
Mt. Kannabiji
▲
MASUDA City
Prefectural
Man-Yo Park
UNNAN
City
54
▲
Mt. Sanbe
YASUGI
City
Yakumotatsu
Fudoki-no-Oka
Museum
54
Shizu-no Iwaya
YONAGO
Nogi Shrine City
Sainō Temple Ruin
181
180
KURAYOSHI
City
Tenpō Temple
▲
Mt. Daisen Ōgamiyama
Shrine
Houki-Kokubunji Ruin
181
MATSUE
EXPRESSWAY
9
Lake Koyama
Tottori Airport
Mt. Mitokusan
313
TOTTORI City
Adakatsu-takemikuma-no-mikoto 53
Ōhara Temple
Shrine
29
Ruins
Juhou Shrine
482
YONAGO
EXPRESSWAY
Ōmido
Temple Ruins
179
313
長門市
Lake Tōgō
▲
Mt. Hiruzen
Mt. Sentsuzan
Aoya Washi Workshop
Houki-Kokufu Ruins
Houki Ōshi
(Beech Tree)
Daisenji Temple
Oni-no-Shitaburui
Gorge
Kamiyodo Temple Ruins
431
Izumo-Kokucho Ruins
The Province
of Inaba
Kamiyodo
Hakuhou-no-Oka Museum
Himezuka Tumulus
432
▲
Mt. Kotobiki
HAMADA
EXPRESSWAY
Yonago-Kitaro Airport
314
Kamoyama Memorial
for Mokichi Saito
The Province
of Houki
SAKAIMINATO
City
Nakaumi
183
261
191
MATSUE
City
Kamosu Shrine
Sahimeyama Shrine
Tsunozu-kakinomoto Takatsuno-yama Park
Shrine
Tabato Shrine
186
Lake Shinji
Suga Shrine
184
Mononobe Shrine
9
O-u-no umi
Adakaya Shrine
Kumano Taisha
Grand Shrine
Kamoyama Park
HAMADA
City
Takatsu Kakinomoto
Shrine
Hagi-Iwami
Airport
Era-no sato
GOTSU
City
Ikan Shrine
001
OHDA City
Ōsakibana
431
IzumoEnmusubi
Airport
Shizu-no Iwaya
The Province
of Iwami
Mt. Chausuyama
Sada Shrine
いなばのくに
001
Yamashiro Futagozuka Tumulus
Hounouzan
IZUMO
City
Oki Islands Global GeoPark Airport
Uzukanomikoto Shrine
Sea of Japan
Etomo Shrine
The Province
of Izumo
485
Oki Kokubunji Temple
ほうきのくに
いわみのくに
001
001
001
485
OKI ISLANDS
Izumo Taisha
Grand Shrine
いずものくに
001
Mizuwakasu Shrine
Kuroki Imperial Residence Site
001
001
Isenomikoto Shrine
The Province
of Oki
Inaba Kokucho Ruins
Three Mountains
Ube Shrine
Inaba Man-Yo History Museum
488
萩市
9
Chiyoda I.C.
下関市
Y
WA
ESS
187
美祢市
UG
U
OK
CH
Miyoshi I.C.
29
CHUGOKU EXPRESSWAY
Ochiai I.C.
R
EXP
482
TOTTORI
EXPRESSWAY
山口市
山陽小野田市
宇部市
detailed in the text.
Sayo I.C.
防府市
9
208
210
208
◆万葉の最後を飾る歌
あらた
新しき 年の始の 初春の よ ご と
今日降る雪の し
大伴 家持
︵ 巻二十・四五一六︶
いや重け吉事
しろかね
銀も
くがね
金も玉も
何せむに
山上 憶良
︵ 巻五・八〇三︶
The Province
of Inaba
Shirokanemo Kuganemotamamo Nanisenni
Masarerutakara Konishikameyamo -Yamanoue-no Okura
Ounoumino Shiohinokatano Katamoini
Omoiyayukamu Michinonagatewo -Kadobe-no Ōkimi
The Province of Izumo and Kadobe-no Ōkimi
勝れる宝
う
The Province
of Houki
子にしかめやも
お
かた
飫宇の海の
し お ひ
潮干の潟の
かたもい
片思に
The Province of Iwami and Kakinomoto-no Hitomaro
思ひや行かむ
◎国 造 り 前 夜 の 恋 の 旅
国 を 二 分 す る 争 い﹁壬 申 の 乱︵６ ７ ２︶﹂の 後、天 武 天 皇 を 中 心 と し た 律 令 制 に よ る 国 家
建 設 が 始 ま り ま す 。広 大 な 藤 原 京 の 造 営 、二 十 年 後 の 奈 良 遷 都 、そ ん な 激 動 の 時 代 に
柿本人麻呂は石見に国司として赴任しています。
万葉集で最高の歌とされる石見相聞歌。
石 見 に は 相 聞 歌 に 詠 ま れ た 情 景 が 残 り、至 る 所 に あ る ゆ か り の 地 で は 今 も﹁人 丸 さ ん・
人麻呂さん﹂と親しまれています。
001
な が て
Iwaminoya Takatsunoyamano Konomayori
Wagafurusodewo Imomitsuramuka -Kakinomoto-no Hitomaro
道の長手を
The Province
of Izumo
門部 王 ︵ 巻四・五三六︶
い は み
石見のや
たかつのやま
ま
高角山の
こ
木の間より
我が振る袖を
いも
妹見つらむか
柿本 人麻呂
︵ 巻二・一三二︶
The Province
of Iwami
210
Aratashiki Toshinohajimeno Hatsuharuno
kyōfuruyukino Iyashikeyogoto -Otomo-no Yakamochi
Inaba-no kuni and Otomo-no Yakamochi
Houki-no Kuni and Yamanoue-no Okura
1
001
Funioka Site
001
Mt. Imaki
001
Hokkeji-bata Ruin
Mt. Omokage
Mt. Koshiki
Kokufu River
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
Suga Shrine
Ikan Shrine
Takatsu Kakinomoto Shrine
The original Kakinomoto Shrine used to be on an
island called Kamoshima, but it was sunk under
the sea by a strong earthquake in 1026. The present shrine was rebuilt in a different place instead.
The shrine is said to have been built at
the site of the ancient provincial government office where Kakinomoto-no
Hitomaro was sent to take office. An
atmosphere reminiscent of the time he
spent still remains.
柿本 人麻呂
歌聖と尊称された人麻呂の生涯は
謎に包まれているが、
天皇の行幸に
随伴しての作が多いことなどから、
宮廷に仕えていたと考えられてい
る。
石見では
「人丸さん」
と親しまれ
ている。
This shrine was the most
important shrine in the
Province of Iwami. The
shrine, which was built in
Kasuga style, is said to be
the largest in Japan.
Ruins of the Izumo Provincial
Government Office
The area was the central part of the Province.
There have been many historic artifacts excavated from here and displayed at the nearby
Prefectural Museum called “Yakumo-tatsu
Fudokino-oka Museum”.
Ōsakibana
A beautiful stretch
of beach that reminds
us of Hitomaro’s
romantic poems.
Izumo Grand Shrine
This shrine is one of the
most
important
Shinto
shrines in Japan.
The ancient main shrine
building is said to have been
48m high about 1100 years
ago. Some parts of the huge Holding
wooden pillars that had Izumo Grand Shrine
Photo
supported the high-rise Shimane Museum
shrine building were discov- of Ancient Izumo
ered under the shrine grounds in 2000, making sensational news all over Japan.
Houki-kokubunji Ruin
Sainō Temple Ruin
Three Mountains of Inaba
Ruins from between the late
Asuka period and the Nara Era.
Mountains referred to in waka poems.
Inaba Kokucho Ruins (Ruins of the
Holding
Kyoto National Museum
Houki-kokufu Ruins (Ruins of the
Houki Provincial Government Office)
Inaba Provincial Government Office)
Mt. Mitokusan
Located on the hills in the west of Kurayoshi
City, there is still some ambience of the days
of ‘Man-Yo’ in the scenery.
Regarded as a sacred mountain
opened in the Nara Era. The entire
mountain is the precinct of three
temples.
The site of the office that governed the Province
during the Nara, Heian, and Kamakura periods.
Inaba Man-Yo History Museum
O-u-no Umi
Era-no Sato
It is said that this was the birthplace of a young girl, called
Yosami-no-Otome, whom Hitomaro
fell in love with and with whom he
would live.
かきのもとの ひとまろ
Mononobe Shrine
It is said that this place was where
the God Susanō and his wife
Kushinada started their life as
newlyweds. He composed ‘waka’
poems here, which is said to have
marked the origin of waka poetry.
Provincial Offices
Kakinomoto-no Hitomaro
Kamoyama Memorial for
Mokich Saito
Saito argued that Hitomaro spent his
last days at Kamoyama. There, his
enthusiastic writings are displayed.
The Province
of Iwami
A museum full of the atmosphere of the
Man-Yo world. There are seasonal Man-Yo
plants growing in the special garden.
Mt. Sentsuzan
Sada Shrine
A description of the shrine
appears in the Izumo-no-kuni
Fudoki, published in 733.
A world heritage site.
Kadobe-no Ōkimi
( approx.700∼ Governor of the Province of Iwami )
Though he was respected as a genius of poetry, his whole life is wrapped in mystery.
Many of his poems were made while he was accompanying the Emperor on trips.
From this fact, he is thought to have worked as an official in the Imperial Court.
He was nicknamed Hitomaro-san and lived in the Iwami Area.
It is an inlet located near
the Izumo Provincial Government Office where Kadobe-no Ōkimi
worked. The balmy scenery there may have been
soothing to him. He
wrote a poem beginning
with ‘O-u-no Umi’, longing for his home back in
Nara.
Nogi Shrine
The description of the shrine
appears in the Izumo-no-kuni
Fudoki. It houses the Deity
of the Nogi Plains.
The River Hiikawa rises in this
mountain. On top of the mountain
is a tiny shrine dedicated to the
God Susanō who is said to have
descended from the heavens.
The mountain is closely related to
Izumo Mythology.
The temple is located halfway up Mt. Daisen. It originated as a sacred place for
mountain worship in the
Nara Era.
Kamiyodo Temple Ruin
The Province
of Izumo
Ube Shrine
The ruins are supposed to have been a temple
erected in the late period of the Asuka Era. The
biggest finding there was the temple mural in
the remains of the Golden Hall, which is said to
be as old as that of Horyuji Temple.
Yamanoue-no Okura
( 720∼ Governor of the Province of Izumo )
Great-grandson of the Emperor Tenmu.
He was one of the high-ranking officials in the central government.
At the time of compiling the Izumo Fudoki,
he is said to have been sent to Izumo to govern the area.
Daisenji Temple
The most important
Shrine in the Province
of Inaba.
Otomo-no Yakamochi
( 716 ∼721 Governor of the Province of Houki )
Waka poet in the middle period of Nara.
He was a Japanese envoy to China.
He was well versed in Buddhism,
and chosen as instructor for the Crown Prince Shomu.
The Province
of Houki
Aoya Washi Workshop
(Handmade paper)
Washi making has a very long history.The
oldest Aoya Washi has been kept in Shosoin,
Nara, with a record of year 721.
( 758∼ Governor of the Province of Inaba )
Son of a ‘waka’ poet, Otomo-no Tabito.
He was from a family of a powerful clan.
He compiled the Man-Yo-Shu. As a provincial government official,
he stayed in Inaba for three and a half years.
The Province
of Inaba
208
210
208
◆万葉の最後を飾る歌
あらた
新しき 年の始の 初春の よ ご と
今日降る雪の し
大伴 家持
︵ 巻二十・四五一六︶
いや重け吉事
しろかね
銀も
くがね
金も玉も
何せむに
山上 憶良
︵ 巻五・八〇三︶
The Province
of Inaba
Shirokanemo Kuganemotamamo Nanisenni
Masarerutakara Konishikameyamo -Yamanoue-no Okura
Ounoumino Shiohinokatano Katamoini
Omoiyayukamu Michinonagatewo -Kadobe-no Ōkimi
The Province of Izumo and Kadobe-no Ōkimi
勝れる宝
う
The Province
of Houki
子にしかめやも
お
かた
飫宇の海の
し お ひ
潮干の潟の
かたもい
片思に
The Province of Iwami and Kakinomoto-no Hitomaro
思ひや行かむ
◎国 造 り 前 夜 の 恋 の 旅
国 を 二 分 す る 争 い﹁壬 申 の 乱︵６ ７ ２︶﹂の 後、天 武 天 皇 を 中 心 と し た 律 令 制 に よ る 国 家
建 設 が 始 ま り ま す 。広 大 な 藤 原 京 の 造 営 、二 十 年 後 の 奈 良 遷 都 、そ ん な 激 動 の 時 代 に
柿本人麻呂は石見に国司として赴任しています。
万葉集で最高の歌とされる石見相聞歌。
石 見 に は 相 聞 歌 に 詠 ま れ た 情 景 が 残 り、至 る 所 に あ る ゆ か り の 地 で は 今 も﹁人 丸 さ ん・
人麻呂さん﹂と親しまれています。
001
な が て
Iwaminoya Takatsunoyamano Konomayori
Wagafurusodewo Imomitsuramuka -Kakinomoto-no Hitomaro
道の長手を
The Province
of Izumo
門部 王 ︵ 巻四・五三六︶
い は み
石見のや
たかつのやま
ま
高角山の
こ
木の間より
我が振る袖を
いも
妹見つらむか
柿本 人麻呂
︵ 巻二・一三二︶
The Province
of Iwami
210
Aratashiki Toshinohajimeno Hatsuharuno
kyōfuruyukino Iyashikeyogoto -Otomo-no Yakamochi
Inaba-no kuni and Otomo-no Yakamochi
Houki-no Kuni and Yamanoue-no Okura
1
001
Funioka Site
001
Mt. Imaki
001
Hokkeji-bata Ruin
Mt. Omokage
Mt. Koshiki
Kokufu River
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
001
Suga Shrine
Ikan Shrine
Takatsu Kakinomoto Shrine
The original Kakinomoto Shrine used to be on an
island called Kamoshima, but it was sunk under
the sea by a strong earthquake in 1026. The present shrine was rebuilt in a different place instead.
The shrine is said to have been built at
the site of the ancient provincial government office where Kakinomoto-no
Hitomaro was sent to take office. An
atmosphere reminiscent of the time he
spent still remains.
柿本 人麻呂
歌聖と尊称された人麻呂の生涯は
謎に包まれているが、
天皇の行幸に
随伴しての作が多いことなどから、
宮廷に仕えていたと考えられてい
る。
石見では
「人丸さん」
と親しまれ
ている。
This shrine was the most
important shrine in the
Province of Iwami. The
shrine, which was built in
Kasuga style, is said to be
the largest in Japan.
Ruins of the Izumo Provincial
Government Office
The area was the central part of the Province.
There have been many historic artifacts excavated from here and displayed at the nearby
Prefectural Museum called “Yakumo-tatsu
Fudokino-oka Museum”.
Ōsakibana
A beautiful stretch
of beach that reminds
us of Hitomaro’s
romantic poems.
Izumo Grand Shrine
This shrine is one of the
most
important
Shinto
shrines in Japan.
The ancient main shrine
building is said to have been
48m high about 1100 years
ago. Some parts of the huge Holding
wooden pillars that had Izumo Grand Shrine
Photo
supported the high-rise Shimane Museum
shrine building were discov- of Ancient Izumo
ered under the shrine grounds in 2000, making sensational news all over Japan.
Houki-kokubunji Ruin
Sainō Temple Ruin
Three Mountains of Inaba
Ruins from between the late
Asuka period and the Nara Era.
Mountains referred to in waka poems.
Inaba Kokucho Ruins (Ruins of the
Holding
Kyoto National Museum
Houki-kokufu Ruins (Ruins of the
Houki Provincial Government Office)
Inaba Provincial Government Office)
Mt. Mitokusan
Located on the hills in the west of Kurayoshi
City, there is still some ambience of the days
of ‘Man-Yo’ in the scenery.
Regarded as a sacred mountain
opened in the Nara Era. The entire
mountain is the precinct of three
temples.
The site of the office that governed the Province
during the Nara, Heian, and Kamakura periods.
Inaba Man-Yo History Museum
O-u-no Umi
Era-no Sato
It is said that this was the birthplace of a young girl, called
Yosami-no-Otome, whom Hitomaro
fell in love with and with whom he
would live.
かきのもとの ひとまろ
Mononobe Shrine
It is said that this place was where
the God Susanō and his wife
Kushinada started their life as
newlyweds. He composed ‘waka’
poems here, which is said to have
marked the origin of waka poetry.
Provincial Offices
Kakinomoto-no Hitomaro
Kamoyama Memorial for
Mokich Saito
Saito argued that Hitomaro spent his
last days at Kamoyama. There, his
enthusiastic writings are displayed.
The Province
of Iwami
A museum full of the atmosphere of the
Man-Yo world. There are seasonal Man-Yo
plants growing in the special garden.
Mt. Sentsuzan
Sada Shrine
A description of the shrine
appears in the Izumo-no-kuni
Fudoki, published in 733.
A world heritage site.
Kadobe-no Ōkimi
( approx.700∼ Governor of the Province of Iwami )
Though he was respected as a genius of poetry, his whole life is wrapped in mystery.
Many of his poems were made while he was accompanying the Emperor on trips.
From this fact, he is thought to have worked as an official in the Imperial Court.
He was nicknamed Hitomaro-san and lived in the Iwami Area.
It is an inlet located near
the Izumo Provincial Government Office where Kadobe-no Ōkimi
worked. The balmy scenery there may have been
soothing to him. He
wrote a poem beginning
with ‘O-u-no Umi’, longing for his home back in
Nara.
Nogi Shrine
The description of the shrine
appears in the Izumo-no-kuni
Fudoki. It houses the Deity
of the Nogi Plains.
The River Hiikawa rises in this
mountain. On top of the mountain
is a tiny shrine dedicated to the
God Susanō who is said to have
descended from the heavens.
The mountain is closely related to
Izumo Mythology.
The temple is located halfway up Mt. Daisen. It originated as a sacred place for
mountain worship in the
Nara Era.
Kamiyodo Temple Ruin
The Province
of Izumo
Ube Shrine
The ruins are supposed to have been a temple
erected in the late period of the Asuka Era. The
biggest finding there was the temple mural in
the remains of the Golden Hall, which is said to
be as old as that of Horyuji Temple.
Yamanoue-no Okura
( 720∼ Governor of the Province of Izumo )
Great-grandson of the Emperor Tenmu.
He was one of the high-ranking officials in the central government.
At the time of compiling the Izumo Fudoki,
he is said to have been sent to Izumo to govern the area.
Daisenji Temple
The most important
Shrine in the Province
of Inaba.
Otomo-no Yakamochi
( 716 ∼721 Governor of the Province of Houki )
Waka poet in the middle period of Nara.
He was a Japanese envoy to China.
He was well versed in Buddhism,
and chosen as instructor for the Crown Prince Shomu.
The Province
of Houki
Aoya Washi Workshop
(Handmade paper)
Washi making has a very long history.The
oldest Aoya Washi has been kept in Shosoin,
Nara, with a record of year 721.
( 758∼ Governor of the Province of Inaba )
Son of a ‘waka’ poet, Otomo-no Tabito.
He was from a family of a powerful clan.
He compiled the Man-Yo-Shu. As a provincial government official,
he stayed in Inaba for three and a half years.
The Province
of Inaba