The Long-Range Transport of Air Pollutants and Acidic Precipitation

Ministry
of the
Environment
A BIBLIOGRAPHY
The Long-Range Transport of Air Pollutants
and
Acidic Precipitation
Z
5862.2
C36
A bibliography : the long-range
transport of air pollutants and
acidic precipitation /
6481
A Bibliography:
The Long-Range Transport of Air Pollutants
and
Acidic Precipitation
The preparation of this bibliography was jointly sponsored by the
Ontario Ministry of the Environment and the
Federal Atmospheric Environment Service, Canada.
LRTAP Program Office
Atmospheric Environment Service
Environment Canada
4905 Dufferin Street
Downsview, Ontario
M3H 5T4
July, 1980
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGES
1.
2.
EMISSIONS
1
1.1
Emissions and Sources
1
1.2
Emissions Control and Abatement
7
ATMOSPHERIC
11
2.1
Transport
11
2.2
Chemistry
17
2.3
Deposition - Dry
35
2.4
Deposition - Wet
37
3.
NETWORKS
49
4.
MODELLING
52
5.
AQUATIC EFFECTS
58
5.1
Chemistry
58
5.2
Marine Life
65
TERRESTRIAL EFFECTS
71
6.1
Soils and Geology
71
6.2
Vegetation and Forests
76
6.3
Wildlife and Biological Indicators
88
6.
7.
HEALTH EFFECTS
89
8.
MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES EFFECTS
91
9.
VISIBILITY AND ARCTIC HAZE
92
10.
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES AND METHODOLOGY
93
11.
MISCELLANEOUS
95
1.
1.1
EMISSIONS
Emissions and Sources
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Adams, D.F. et al., 1979. Preliminary measurements of biogenic sulphur-containing gas emissions
from soil. J. Air Pollution Control Association, 29: 380-383.
Aneja, R.V. et al., 1979. Direct measurement of emission rates of some atmospheric biogenic
sulphur compounds. Tellus, 31: 174-178.
Ball, D.J., and S.W. Radclyfe, 1977. Inventory of sulphur dioxide emissions to London's
atmosphere. Clean Air, 9 (5): 156-164.
Bangay, C., 1973. The dragon's breath. Alternatives, 2:37-47.
Barrie, L.A., 1979. The fate of particulate emissions from an isolated power plant in the oil sands
area of western Canada. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, Vol. 14, 1979.
Bertine, K.K., and E.D. Goldberg, 1971. Fossil fuel combustion and the major sedimentary cycle.
Science, 173: 233-235.
Bogdanov, S., P. Videnov, and E. Savoy, 1979. Fluctuations of the abundance of carbon
monoxide. WMO symposium on LRTAP, 135-139.
Brosset, C. et al., 1975. The nature and possible origin of acid particles observed at the Swedish
west coast. Atmospheric Environment, 9 (6-7): 631-643.
Canada. Department of the Environment, 1973. A nationwide inventory of air pollutant emissions
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Canada. Department of the Environment, 1979. A nationwide inventory of air contaminant
emission - 1974. Report Environmental Protection Service, 3-AP-78-2, Air Pollution Control
Directorate, December, 1978.
Hocking, D. and D. Reiter, eds., 1973. Canada. Proceedings of a Workshop on Sulphur Gas
Research in Alberta, Information Report NOR-X-72. Northern Forest Research Centre,
Edmonton, Alberta. December 1973. 196 p.
Carter, Luther J., 1979. Uncontrolled SO2 emissions bring acid rain. Science, 204, (4398): 119,
1181-1182.
Clarke, T.L., 1979. Gridded annual air pollutant emissions east of Rocky Mountains. U.S. EPA,
EP-6004/4-79-030, May 1979.
-1-
Cullus, C.F., M.M. Hirschler, 1979. Emissions of sulphur into the atmosphere. Proceedings Int.
Symp. Sulphur Emission and the Environment. London 8-10 May 1979, pp. 1-24. The
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Dietz, R.N., 1978. Report of the working group on measurement of gaseous sulfur oxides
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EPA-600/9-78-020a, August, pp. 137-141.
Dovland, H. and J. Saltbones, 1979. Emissions of sulphur dioxide in Europe in 1978. EMEP/CCC
- Report 2/79. Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Lillestrom, May.
Elam, Nils and Trichem Consultants Ltd., 1979. Present and future levels of sulphur dioxide
emissions in Northern Europe. An investigation prepared for the Swedish Ministry of
Agriculture, June.
Environmental Science and Technology,( Ed.), 1977. Exporting, Importing SO2 Emissions.
Environmental Science and Technology, 11, 1154.
Fennelly, P.F., 1976. The origin and influence of airborne particulates. American Scientist, vol. 64,
pp.46-56.
Flyger, H. et al., 1978. Airborne investigations of SO2 oxidation in the plumes from power
stations. Atmos. Envir., 12, 295-296.
Forrest, J., R. Garber, and L. Newman, 1979. Formation of sulfate, ammonium and nitrate in an
oil-fired plume. Atmos. Envir., 13:1287-1297.
Galbally, I.E., 1975. Emission of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and ammonia from the earth's surface.
Tellus 27:67-70.
Galloway, James N. and D.M. Whelpdale, 1980. An atmospheric sulfur budget for eastern North
America. Atmos. Environ. 14:409-417.
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Hales, J.M., 1976. Tall stacks and the atmospheric environment. EPA, 450/3 76-007.
Hall, Stephen K., 1972. Sulfur compounds in the atmosphere. Chemistry, 45 (3): 16-18.
-2-
Harward, M.E. and H.M. Reisenaur, 1966. Reactions and movement of inorganic sulfur. Soil
Science, 101: 326-335.
Hitchcock, D., 1976. Atmospheric sulfates from biological sources. J. Air Pollut. Control Ass. 26,
210-215.
Hitchcock, D.R., 1975. Dimethyl sulfide emissions to the global atmosphere. Chemosphere, 3,
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Hogstrom, U., 1975. Confirming the local sources of observed air pollution in communities.
Atmospheric Environment, 9: 923-929.
Husar, R., et al., 1978. Sulfur budget of a power plant plume. Atmospheric Environment, v.12,
pp. 549-568.
Husar, R.B., J.P. Lodge, Jr., and D.J. Moore, Eds., 1978. Sulfur in the atmosphere, special issue.
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Ingelstom, L., 1972. The systems structure and the evaluation of future trends in a study of
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Junge, C.E., 1960. Sulfur in the atmosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 65: 227-237.
Kalma, J.D., M. Johnson and K.J. Newcombe. Energy use and the atmospheric environment in
Hong Kong: Part I. Inventory of air pollutant emissions and prediction of ground-level
concentrations of SO2 and CO. Urban Ecology, 3: 29-57.
Katz, M., 1977. The Canadian sulphur problem. Sulphur and its inorganic derivatives in the
Canadian environment, pp. 21-67. NRCC No. 15015. National Research Council Canada,
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Kellogg, W.W., 1972. The sulfur cycle. Science 175, 587-596.
Klemm H. and N. Surprenant, 1978. Emissions inventory in SURE region. Annual report for 23
Aug. 1977-31 Aug. 1978. Prepared for EPRI by GCA Technology Div., Bedford, Mass.
Koide, M., and E.D. Goldberg, 1971. Atmospheric sulfur and fossil fuel combustion. J. of Geophys.
Res., 76: 6589-6595.
Labastille, Anne, 1979. Death from the sky. Outdoor Life, Feb. 1979, pp. 76-77, 100-103.
Lee, Robert E. and F. Vandiver Duffield, 1977. EPA's catalyst research program: environmental
impact of sulfuric acid emissions. Jour. of Air Pollut. Control Assoc., 17 (7): 631-635.
Lovelock, J.E., R.J. Maggs, and R.A. Rasmussen, 1972. Atmospheric dimethyl sulfide and the
natural sulphur cycle. Nature, London, 237: 452-453.
-3-
Lowry, W.P. and F. Probald, 1978. An attempt to detect the effects of a steelworks on
precipitation amounts in central Hungary. J. Applied Met., 17: 964-975.
Meszaros, E., G. Varhelyi, and L. Haszpra, 1978. On the atmospheric sulfur budget over Europe.
Atmos. Environ., 12, 2273-2278.
Millan, M.M. and Y.S. Chung, 1977. Detection of a plume 400 km from the source. Atmos.
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Miller, D.F., et al., 1978. Ozone formation related to power plant emissions. Science, 202, pp.
1186-1189.
Nader, John S., 1978. Workshop on primary sulfate emissions. J. of Air Pollut. Control Ass., 18
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National Academy of Sciences, 1978. Sulfur oxides in the atmosphere. Committee on Sulfur
Oxides, National Research Council.
Negus de Wys, J., A.C. Hill and E. Robinson, 1978. Assessment of the fate of sulfur dioxide from
a point source. Atmos. Environ., 12, 633-639.
Nicholl, C.S. and P.J. Choquette, eds., 1977. Ambient air quality, 1970-74: A statistical analysis.
Surveillance report EPS-5-AP-76- 14. Air Pollution Control Directorate, Environment
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Nishet, I., 1975. Sulfates and acidity in precipitation: their relationship to emissions and regional
transport of sulfur oxides. In: Commission on Natural Resources, NH Academy of Sciences,
NH Academy of Engineering, NH Research Council, Air Quality and Stationary Source
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Nochumson, D., 1979. Comments on gaseous sulfur pollutants from urban and natural sources.
J. of APCA, 29 (2): 164-165.
Nriagu, J.O. (Ed.)., 1978. Sulfur in the environment. Part II - Ecological impacts. John Wiley and
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Nyberg, A., 1972. The effects of local and distant sources of sulfur on the precipitation contents
of sulfur in Scandinavia. Geophysica, 12, 33-42.
OECD Environment Directorate, 1973. Survey on regional sulphur dioxide emission. Air
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Ontario. Ministry of the Environment, Air Resources Branch, 1979. Airborne investigations of the
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Ontario Hydro, Environmental Protection Dept., 1979. Acid precipitation: an emission perspective.
CTS-07165-1.
-4-
Rasmussen, K.H. et al., 1975. Global emissions and natural processes for removal of gaseous
pollutants. Water, Air, Soil Pollution, 4, pp. 33-64.
Reeves, J.A., 1979. Estimates of atmospheric emissions from fossil-fuel-fired thermal generating
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Robinson, E. and R.C. Robbins, 1972. Emission, concentrations and rate of gaseous atmospheric
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Robinson, E. and R.C. Robbins, 1970. Gaseous sulfur pollutants from urban and natural sources.
J. Air Pollut. Control Ass., 20, 303-306.
Rodhe, H., 1978. Budgets and turn-over times of atmospheric sulfur compounds. Atmospheric
Environment, 12, 671-680.
Rodhe, H., 1972. A study of the sulfur budget for the atmosphere over Northern Europe. Tellus
XXIV, 128-138.
Ross, F. Fraser, 1971. What sulphur dioxide problem? Combustion, Aug., pp. 6-11.
Sandberg, J.S. et al., 1976. Sulfate and nitrate particulates as related to SO2 and NOx gases and
emissions. Jour. of Air Poll. Control Ass., 26 (6): 559-564.
Sandhu, H.S., ed., 1979. Industrial sulphur emissions for Alberta 1974-1978. Alberta
Environment Research Secretariat, April.
Santroch, Jaroslav and Dusan Zarodsky, 1979. Sulphur compounds in background air-pollution
in Czechoslovakia. WMO Symposium on LRTAP, 45-51.
Sawyer, James W., 1978. The sulfur we breathe. Environment 20 (2): 25-30.
Sawyer, J.W., 1977. A skeptical evaluation of the sulphate problem. J. Metals. May (77): 11-17.
Semb, Arne, 1979. Emission of gaseous and particulate matter in relation to long range transport
of air pollutants. WMO Symposium on the long range transport of pollutants and its
relation to general circulation including stratospheric/ tropospheric exchange processes,
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Semb, A., 1978. Sulphur emissions in Europe. Atm. Env. 12, 455-460.
Shelfentook, W., 1978. An inventory system for atmospheric emissions in the AOSERP study area.
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Shinn, J.H. and S. Lynn, 1979. Do man-made sources affect the sulphur cycle of northeastern
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Soderlund, R., 1977. NOx pollutants and ammonia emissions. A mass balance for the atmosphere
-5-
over NW Europe. Ambio, 6, 118-122.
Spencer, W.F., 1975. Movements of DDT and its derivatives into the atmosphere. Residue
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Stanford Research Institute, 1975. Emissions, concentrations and fate of particulate atmospheric
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Stoiber, R.B., 1973. Sulphur dioxide contributions to the atmosphere by volcanoes. Science 182,
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Sulphur and its inorganic derivatives in the Canadian environment, 1977. NRCC No. 15015,
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Tong, Eugene Y., Michael T. Mills, Brand L. Niemann, 1979. Characterization of regional episodes
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Wilson, W.E. Jr., 1978. Sulfates in the atmosphere: a progress report on Project MISST (Midwest
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-6-
Wiltshire, J.F., 1979. The long-range transport of atmospheric acids: a sulfur budget for Nova
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1.2
Emissions Control and Abatement
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-7-
Emmanuel, W.R., B.D. Murphy and D. D. Huff, 1978. Optimal siting of energy facilities for
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-8-
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-9-
Robinson, Raymond M., 1980. Acid rain--the crossroads for decision making. J. Air Pollut. Control
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-10-
2.
2.1
ATMOSPHERIC
Transport
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Owers, M.J., and A.W. Powell, 1974. Deposition velocity of sulphur dioxide on land and water
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Spicer, C.W., 1974. The fate of nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere. EPA Report 68-01-0799,
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by moss analysis. Env. Poll., 10: 101-114.
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EE-9.
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3.
NETWORKS
Backlin, L., Rolf Soderlind and Lennart Granat, 1978. An improved precipitation collector system
for subsequent chemical analyses. University of Stockholm, Dept. of Meteorology, Rept.
AC-38, March.
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Barrie, L.A., et al., 1980. The Canadian air and precipitation monitoring network APN,
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Press, Amsterdam.
Berry, R.L., 1979. The Canadian network for sampling precipitation (CANSAP) project, LRTAP
79-1, (January).
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Brookhaven National Laboratories, 1975. Regional Energy Studies Program. Annual Report, FY.
Phillip F. Palmedo, Ed., 46-61, 91-106.
Dana, M. Terry, and J.M. Holes, 1976. A design for regional precipitation chemistry measurement
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Dana, M.T. (ed.), 1979. The MAP3S precipitation chemistry network: Second Periodic Summary
Report (July 1977-June 1978). PNL 2829 Battelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland
WA.
Davis, W.E., W.J. Eadie and D.C. Powell, 1978. Technical progress in the alternate fuel cycle
program. Pacific Northwest Laboratory 1977 Annual Report, PNL-2500 PT 3. UC-11, Part
3 Atmospheric Sciences, February.
Eliassen, A., 1978. The OECD study of long range transport of air pollutants: long transport
modelling. Atmospheric Environment, 12, 479-489.
Galloway, J.N., and E.B. Cowling, 1978. The effects of precipitation of aquatic and terrestrial
ecosystems: A proposed precipitation chemistry network. J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc., v.
28 (3), pp. 229-235.
Galloway, J.N., et al., 1978. A national program for assessing the problem of atmospheric
deposition. Nat. Atmospheric Deposition Program. Assoc. of State Agric. Expt. Stations of
the North Central Region NC-141.
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plume out to 300 km. Atmos. Env., V. 12, pp. 589-598.
Granat, L., Rolf Soderlind and Leif Backlin, 1977. The IMI network in Sweden--present equipment,
methods and plans for improvement. University of Stockholm, Dept. of Meteorology,
Report AC-40, November.
Hidy, G.M., et al., 1979. Assessment of regional air pollution over the eastern United States:
results from the sulfate regional experiment (SURE). WMO Symposium on LRTAP, 65-76.
Hidy, G.M., et al., 1976. Design of the sulfate regional experiment (SURE). Report EC-125,
Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA.
Linzon, S.N., L. Shenfield, and R.D.S. Stevens, 1978. Acid precipitation studies in Ontario. Ont.
Min. of Environment, Air Resources Branch.
MacCracken, M.C., 1928. MAP3S: an investigation of atmospheric energy related pollutants in the
northeastern United States. Atmos. Env., V. 12, 649-660.
McNaughton, Daniel J., 1980. Initial comparison of SURE/MAP3S sulfur oxide observations with
long-term regional model predictions. Atmos. Env., 14: 55-63.
The Multi-state atmospheric power production pollution study - MAP3S. Progress Report for FY
1977 and FY 1978, July, 1979. (Prepared by the MAP3S researchers for U.S. Dept. of
Energy, Asst. Secy. for Environment, Office of Health and Environmental Research.)
Annotated bibliography, pp. 360-404.
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Protection Service, Department of Fisheries and the Environment. Report EPS-5-AP-77-l3.
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OECD, 1977. The OECD programme on long range transport of air pollutants. Measurements and
findings. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris.
Ontario. Ministry of the Environment, 1979. An analysis of the Sudbury environmental study
network precipitation acidity data. June-Sept., 1978.
Ottar, B., 1978. An assessment of the OECD study on long-range transport of air pollutants
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Ottor, Brynjulf, 1975. Organisation of long range air pollution monitoring in Europe. Int. Conf. on
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Pacific Northwest Laboratory, 1977. The MAP3S precipitation chemistry network: First Periodic
Summary Report (September 1976-June 1977), PNL - 2402, October.
Pacific Northwest Laboratory, 1979. The MAP3S precipitation chemistry network: Second Periodic
Summary Report (July 1977-June 1978), PNL - 2829, January.
Pacific Northwest Laboratory, 1977. The MAP3S precipitation chemistry network: First Periodic
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Summary Report (Sept. 1976-June 1977), Battelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Dept. of
Energy Contract, EY-76-C-06-1830, October.
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Atmos. Env., 7: 1162-1171.
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Ont. Min. Envir.
Raynor, G.S., and J.P. McNeil, 1978. The Brookhaven automatic sequential precipitation sampler.
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Winters, William et al., 1979. ASRC airborne cloud water collection system. ASRC-SUNYA pub. no.
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4.
MODELLING
Adamowicz, R.F., 1979. A model for the reversible washout of sulphur dioxide, ammonia, and
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ApSimon, H.M., and P. Goddard, 1976. Modelling the atmospheric dispersal of radioactive
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Barrie, L.A., 1978. An improved model of reversible SO2 washout by rain. Atmos. Env., V. 12, pp.
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Bartnicki, J., J. Pruchnicki and J. Pudykiewicz, 1979. Sensitivity of uni-level trajectory model to
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Berkowicz, Ruwim, Lars P. Prahm, and Jean-Francois Louis, 1979. Global 2-D spectral dispersion
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Carmichael, G.P., and L.K. Peters, 1979. Numerical simulation of the regional transport of SO2
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Chen, Carl W., Steve Gherini and Robert Goldstein, 1979. Modelling the lake acidification process.
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Christensen, O., and L.P. Prahm, 1976. A pseudospectral model for dispersion of atmospheric
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Daggupaty, S.M., P.K. Misra, and R.E. Munn, 1979. A numerical experiment in trajectory of air
pollutants over the Great Lakes region. WMO Symposium on LRTAP, 259-264.
Daggupaty, S.M., 1979. Trajectory modelling of the transport of air pollutants. Contract Report
to Atmos. Env. Service Canada. Publication available from Institute for Environmental
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Danielson, E.F., 1974. Review of trajectory methods. Adv. in Geophysics, 18B, Academic Press,
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Davis, W.E., 1979. Comparison of the results of an eight layer regional model versus a single
layer regional model for a short term assessment. WMO Symposium on LRTAP, 297-304.
Davis, W.E., and L.L. Wendell, 1976. Some effects of isentropic vertical motion simulation in a
regional scale quasi lagrangian air quality model. Preprint from the Third Symposium on
Atmospheric Turbulence, Diffusion and Air Quality.
Draxler, R.R., 1977. A mesoscale transport and diffusion model. NOAA Technical Memorandum
ERL ARL-64, 31 pp.
Eliassen, A., and J. Saltbones, 1978. Model estimates of the long range transport and deposition
of sulphur pollutants in Europe for 1975 and 1976. NILU Report Nr 2/78, 16 pp.
Eliassen, A., 1976. The trajectory model. A technical description. LRTAP No. 1/76 Norwegian
Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway.
Fay, James A., and Jacob J. Rosenzweig, 1980. An analytical diffusion model for long distance
transport of air pollutants. Atmos. Env., 14: 355-365.
Fisher, B.E.A., 1978. Long term sulphur deposition in Europe. Atmos. Env., V. 12 PP. 489-502.
Fox, D.G., 1975. Modelling atmospheric effects--an assessment of the problems. Proc. First Int.
Symp. on Acid Precipitation and the Forest Ecosystem. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech.
Report NE-23, 57-85.
Hales, J.M., M.A. Wolf and M.T. Dana, 1973. A linear model for predicting the washout of pollutant
gases from industrial plumes. Am. Inst. Chem. Engrs. J. 19, 292-297
Heese, Maria, Ingo Jacobsen and Eberhard Muller, 1979. On the effect of meteorological
simplifications in the numerical simulation of regional transport processes. WMO
Symposium on LRTAP, 329-336.
Heffter, J.L., and G.A. Ferber, 1975. A regional continental scale transport diffusion and
deposition model, part II: diffusion-deposition models. NOAA Tech. Memo, ERL ARL-50,
27 pp.
Henmi, Teizi, 1979. Long range transport model of SO2 and sulfate and its application to the
eastern United States. WMO Symposium on LRTAP, 321-328.
Hill, F.B., and R.F. Adamowicz, 1978. A model for rain composition and the washout of sulfur
dioxide. Atmos. Environ. 11, 917-927.
Hjelmfelt, M.R., R.D. Farley, and P.C.S. Chen, 1978. A preliminary numerical study into the
effects of coal development on cloud and precipitation processes in the northern Great
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Horst, T.W., 1977. A surface depletion model for deposition from a Gaussian plume. Atmos.
Environ., 12: 41-46.
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599-604.
Izrael, Yu A., J.E. Mikhailora, and A.J. Pressman, 1979. A model for operative evaluation of
transboundary flows of pollutants (sulphur dioxide and sulphates). WMO Symposium on
LRTAP, 271-279.
Kreitzberg, C.W., M. Lutz and D.J. Perkey, 1976. Precipitation cleansing computation in a
mesoscale weather prediction model. Fate of Pollutants, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Kreitzberg, C.W., M. Lutz and D.J. Perkey, 1977. Precipitation cleansing computation in a
numerical weather prediction model. In: Fate of Pollutants in the Air and Water
Environments, I.H. Suffet, ed., New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1977, pp. 323-351.
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atmospheric pollutants and its comparison to regional tracer studies. J. Applied Meteor, 17,
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Lavery, T.F., et al., 1978: Regional transport and photochemical model of atmospheric sulfates.
Paper presented at the Ninth International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and
its Application, NATO/CCMS, August 28-31. Toronto, Canada.
Long, P.E., et al., 1978. The state of the technique development laboratory's boundary layer
model: May 24, 1977. NOAA Tech. Memo. NWS TDL-66.
Mahlman, J.D., 1968. Numerical methods for computing three dimensional trajectories for
adiabatic and diabatic flows. Report AFCRL-68-0357, U.S. Naval Postgraduate School.
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the atmosphere. Tellus, 19: 467-476.
Martinez, J.R., et al, 1977. Development of an atmospheric model for sulfate formation.
Environmental Research & Technology, Inc. Report No. P-1534, September.
Maul, P.R., 1978. Preliminary estimates of the washout coefficient for sulfur dioxide using data
from an East Midlands ground level monitoring network. Atmos. Environ., 12: 2515-2517.
McMahon, T.A., P.J. Denison and R. Fleming, 1976. A long distance air pollution transportation
model incorporating washout and dry deposition components. Atmospheric Environment,
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McNaughton, D.J., 1979. Emission source specification in a regional pollutant transport model.
WMO Symposium on LRTAP, 1979, 3-8.
Meyers, R.E., R.T. Cederwall, and W.D. Ohmstede, 1979. Modelling regional atmospheric
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transport and diffusion: some environmental applications. In: Advances in Environmental
Sciences and Engineering, Gordon and Breach Publishers.
Meyers, R.E., et al., 1979. Modeling sulfur oxide concentrations in the eastern United States:
model sensitivity, verification, and applications. Paper presented at the Fourth Symposium
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Nevada, January 15-18.
Meyers, R.E., et al., 1978. Long-range transport of sulfur in the eastern United States. In: An
Assessment of National Consequences of Increased Coal Utilization, Vol. 1 and 2, U.S.
Dept. of Energy, Office of Technology Impacts, Washington, D.C.
Meyers, R.E., et al., 1976. Transport and diffusion using a diagnostic mesoscale model employing
mass and total energy conservation constraints. Published in Proceedings of the Third
Symposium on Atmospheric Turbulence, Diffusion and Air Quality, American Meteorological
Society, Raleigh, NC. October 19-22.
Miller, C.W., 1978. An examination of Gaussian plume dispersion parameters for rough terrain.
Atmos. Environ., 12: 1359-1364.
Mills, M.J., and A.A. Hirata, 1978. A multi-scale transport and dispersion model for local and
regional scale sulfur dioxide/sulfate concentrations: formulations and initial evaluation.
Paper presented at the Ninth International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and
its Application, NATO/CCMS, August 28-31, Toronto, Canada, 20 pp.
Niemann, Brand L., Allan A. Hirata, and Lowell F. Smith, 1979. Application of a regional transport
model to the simulation of multi-scale sulfate episodes over the eastern United States and
Canada. WMO Symposium on LRTAP, 337-346.
Nordlund, G., 1975. A quasi-Lagrangian cell method for calculating long distance transport of
airborne pollutants. J. Appl. Meteor. 14, 1095-1104.
Omstedt, G., and H. Rodhe, 1978. Transformation and removal processes for sulfur compounds
in the atmosphere as described by a one-dimensional time-dependent diffusion model.
Atmos. Environ., 12: 503-509.
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Petrenchuk, O.P., 1976. Atmospheric precipitation sampling procedures and application of cloud
water chemical composition data to the estimation of background aerosol chemical
composition. WMO Special Environmental Report No. 10, Air Pollution Measurement
Techniques, WHO-No. 460. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, pp.
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Powell, D.C., et al., 1979. A variable trajectory model for regional assessments of air pollution
from sulfur compounds. PNL-2734, Battelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland WA.
99352, February.
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Prahm, L.P., et al., 1979. Regional source quantification model for sulphur oxides in Europe. WMO
Symposium on LRTAP, 37-44.
Prahm, L.P., and O. Christensen, 1977. Long range transmission of pollutants simulated by a
two-dimensional pseudospectral dispersion model. J. Appl. Meteor., 16, 896-910.
Prahm, L.P., and O. Christensen, 1976. A pseudospectral model for dispersion of atmospheric
pollutants. J. Appl. Meteor., 15, 12, 1284-1294.
Rodhe, H., P. Crutzen, and A. Vanderpol, 1979. Formation of sulfuric and nitric acid in the
atmosphere during long range transport. WMO Symposium on LRTAP, 165-171.
Rodhe, H., 1974. Some aspects of the use of air trajectories for the computation of large-scale
dispersion and fallout patterns. Adv. in Geophysics, 18B, Academic Press.
Shannon, J.D., 1979. The advanced statistical trajectory regional air pollution model. Proceedings
of the 4th Symposium on Turbulence, Diffusion and Air Pollution, American Meteorological
Society, Boston.
Sheih, J., 1977. Application of a statistical trajectory model to the simulation of sulfur pollution
over northeastern United States. Atmos. Environ., 11, pp. 173-178.
Sheih, J., 1976. Application of a Lagrangian statistical trajectory model to the simulation of
sulphur pollution over northeastern United States. Proceedings of the Third Symposium on
Atmospheric Turbulence, Diffusion, and Air Quality, October.
Sykes, R.I., and L. Hatton, 1976. Computation of horizontal trajectories based on the surface
geostropic wind. Atmos. Env., 10.
Tong, E.Y., and R.B. Batchelder, 1978. Aerometric data compilation and analysis for regional
sulfate modeling. Report prepared under EPA contract No. 68-01-1921 by Teknekron, Inc.
(August).
Turner, D. Bruce, 1979. Atmospheric dispersion modelling: a critical review. J. of Air Pollut.
Control Assoc., 29 (5): 502-519.
Veltischera, N.S., 1979. A model for evaluation of transboundary sulphur dioxide flux with the
inclusion of vertical motions. WMO Symposium on LRTAP, 289-295.
Weisman, Boris, 1979. Long range transport model for sulphur. Meteorological and Environmental
Planning Ltd., Downsview, Ontario.
Wendell, L.L., D.C. Powell, and R. L. Drake, 1976. A regional scale model for computing
deposition and ground level air concentration of SO2 and SO4 from an elevated source. PNL
Annual Report for 1975 to ERDA Division of Biomedical and Environmental Research, Part
3, Atmospheric Sciences, BNWL-2000, PT-3, UC-11, 218-223, March.
Wendell, L.L., 1972. Mesoscale wind fields and transport estimates determined from a network
of wind towers. Mon. Wea. Rev., 100, 565-578, July.
-56-
Wrigley, J., H.M. ApSimon, A.J.H. Goddard, 1979. Meteorological data and the MESOS model for
the long range transport of atmospheric pollutants. WMO Symposium on LRTAP, 281-287.
Ziu Mei-Kao, and J.H. Seinfeld, 1975. On the validity of grid and trajectory models of urban air
pollution. Atmos. Environ., V. 9, No. 6-7, pp. 555-574.
-57-
5.
5.1
AQUATIC EFFECTS
Chemistry
Acres Consulting Services Ltd., 1975. Atmospheric loading of the upper Great Lakes Vols. 1,2,3.
Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Burlington, Ontario
Acres Consulting Services Ltd., 1977. Atmospheric loading of the lower Great Lakes and the Great
Lakes Drainage Basin. C.C.I.W., Burlington, Ontario.
Almer, B., et al., 1974. Effects of acidification on Swedish Lakes. AMBIO, 3: 30-36.
Armstrong, F.A.J., and D. W. Schindler, 1971. Preliminary chemical characterization of waters in
the experimental lakes area, northwestern Ontario. J. Fish Res. Bd. Can., 28: 171-187.
Aston, S.R. et al., 1973. Mercury in lake sediments: a possible indicator of technical growth.
Nature, 241: 450-451.
Barica, J., and F.A. Armstrong, 1971. Contribution by snow to the nutrient budget of some small
northwest Ontario lakes. Limnol. Oceanog., 16: 891-899.
Barton, P., and T. Vatanatham, 1976. Kinetics of limestone neutralization of acid waters.
Environmental Science and Technology, 10: 262-266.
Beamish, R.J., and J.C. VanLoon, 1977. Precipitation loading of acid and heavy metals to a small
acid lake near Sudbury, Ontario. J. Fish. Res. Board Can., 34: 649-658.
Buller, W., 1976. Reassessment of mercury in surface water in the Adirondack region New York.
J. Res. U.S. Geological Survey, 4: 223-26.
Coker, W.B., and W.W. Shilts, 1979. Lacustrine geochemistry around the north shore of Lake
Superior: implications for evaluation of the effects of acid precipitation. In: Current
Research, Part C, Geo. Survey of Canada, Paper 79-10, p. 1-15.
Conroy, N., K. Hawley, and W. Keller, 1978. Sudbury environmental study report. Extensive
monitoring of lakes in the greater Sudbury area, 1974-76. Ont. Min. of Environment, Water
Resources Assessment, NE region.
Conroy, N., K. Hawley, and C. LaFrance, 1976. Influence of the atmosphere on lakes in the
Sudbury area. J. Great Lakes Res., 2 (Suppl. 1): 146-165.
Conroy, N., D.S. Jeffries, and J.R. Kramer, 1974. Acid shield lakes in the Sudbury, Ontario region.
Proc. of 9th Canadian Symp. on Water Pollution Research in Canada, No. 9, p. 45-61.
Conroy, N., and L. Maki, 1974. Extensive and intensive lake studies in the Sudbury area, p.
138-143. In: Ontario Industrial Wastes Conferences.
Dickson, W., 1978. Some effects of the acidification of Swedish lakes. Verh. Internat. Verein
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Limnol., 20, pp. 851-856.
Dickson, W., 1975. The acidification of Swedish lakes. Inst. Freshwater Res., Drottningholm,
Sweden, No. 54. Pp. 8-20.
Dillon, P.J. et al., 1979. Determination of the susceptibility to acidification of poorly buffered
surface waters. Limnology and Toxicity Section, Water Resources Branch. Ont. Min. of
Environment.
Dillon, P.J. et al., 1977. Acidic lakes in Ontario: characterization, extent and responses to base
and nutrient additions. Ont. Min. of Environment, Sept.
Emmelin, L, 1977. Environmental planning in Sweden. The state of Sweden's lakes. Current
Sweden ENV #79, March. Published by the Swedish Inst., Svenska Institutat, Box 7072,
S-703 82 Stockholm, Sweden. (Deals with acid precipitation and the recovery of lakes.)
European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission (EIFAC), 1968. Water quality criteria for
European freshwater fish. Report on extreme pH values and inland fisheries. EIFAC
Technical Paper No. 4, 18 pp.
Ficke, J.F., 1977. Air pollution: impact on water. Presented at Soils Cons. Soc. Amer. Mtg.,
Richmond Va., August.
Fisher, D.W., et al., 1968. Atmospheric contributions to water quality of streams in the Hubbard
Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire, Water Resources Research 4, p. 1119.
Galloway, J.N., et al., 1976. Influences of acid precipitation on the water and sediment
geochemistry of Adirondack mountain lakes. Abstracts of Papers submitted for the 39th
Annual Meeting of the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography. Savannah,
Georgia.
Garret, W.D.,and V.M. Smagin, 1976. Determination of the atmospheric contribution of petroleum
hydrocarbons to the oceans. Special Environment Report N 6, 1976, WMO - N440.
Gjessing, E.T., 1974. Effects of polluted precipitation on water quality. In: Proc. 7th Int. Conf.
Water Poll. Research, Paris. 5 p.
Gjessing, E.T., et al., 1976. Effects of acid precipitation on freshwater chemistry, p. 64-85. In:
F.H. Braekke (ed.) Impact of acid precipitation on forest and freshwater ecosystems in
Norway. Res. Rep., Aas, Norway.
Gorham, E., 1976. Acid precipitation and its influence upon aquatic ecosystems--an overview.
Water, Air, Soil, Pollut., 6: 457-481.
Gorham, E., 1967. Some chemical aspects of wetland ecology. Nat. Res. Council Canada, Assoc.
Comm. on Geotech. Res., Tech. Memo No. 90, 20-38.
Gorham, E., 1961. Factors influencing supply of major ions to inland waters with special reference
to the atmosphere. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 72: 795-840.
-59-
Gorham, E., and D.J. Swaine, 1965. The influence of oxidizing and reducing conditions upon the
distribution of some elements in lake sediments. Limnol Oceanog., 10: 268-279.
Gorham, E., and A.G. Gordon, 1960. The influence of smelter fumes upon the chemical
composition of lake waters near Sudbury, Ontario, and upon the surrounding vegetation.
Can. J. Hot., 38: 477-487.
Gorham, E., 1957. The chemical composition of lake waters in Halifax country, Nova Scotia.
Limnol. Oceanogr., 2: 12-21.
Grahn, O., 1976. Macrophyte succession in Swedish lakes caused by deposition of airborne acid
substances. pp. 519-530. In: Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Acid
Precipitation and Forest Ecosystem. USDA Forest Service Gen. Tech. Rpt. NE-23, 1074 pp.
Grahn, O., and Hans Hultberg, 1975. The neutralizing capacity of 12 different lime products used
for pH--adjustment of acid water. Vatten, 2, 1975, pp. 120-132.
Grahn, O., H. Hultberg, and L. Lander, 1974. Oligotrophication--a self-accelerating process in
lakes subjected to excessive supply of acid substances. AMBIO, V. 3, p. 8.
Haapla, H., P. Sepponen, and E. Meskus, 1975. Effects of spring floods on water acidity in the
Kiiminkijoki area, Finland. Oikos, 26: 26-31.
Hagen, A., and A. Langeland, 1973. Polluted snow in southern Norway and the effects of
meltwater on freshwater and aquatic organisms. Envir. Poll., 5: 45-57.
Harrison, A.D., 1958. The effects of sulphuric acid pollution on the biology of streams in the
Transvaal, South Africa. Verh. internat. Ver. Limno., 13: 603-610.
Henriksen, A, 1979. A simple approach for identifying and measuring acidification of freshwater.
Nature, 278 (5704) p. 542-545.
Henriksen, A., and R.F. Wright, 1977. Concentrations of heavy metals in small Norwegian lakes.
Internal Report, SNSF Project, IR 33/77, Part 3, 29 p., Oslo.
Herricks, E.E., and J. Cairns, Jr., 1977. The effects of lime neutralization of acid mine drainage
on stream ecology. 32nd Annual Purdue Industrial Waste Conf.
Herricks, E.E., and J. Cairns, Jr., 1973. Rehabilitation of streams receiving acid mine drainage.
Virginia Water Resources Research Center. OWRR-WRRC-Bull., 66. 284 pp.
Hoffman, E.J., and R. H. Duce, 1974. The organic carbon content of marine aerosols collected on
Bermuda. J.G.R. V. 79, N. 30, p. 4474-4477.
Hornbeck, J.W., and G.E. Likens, 1974. The ecosystem concept for determining the importance
of chemical composition of snow. Advanced Concepts and Techniques in the Study of Snow
and Ice Resources. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C.
Hultberg, H., 1976. Thermally stratified acid water in late winter--a key factor inducing
-60-
self-accelerating processes which increase acidification. U.S.D.A. Forest Service Gen. Tech.
Rep. NE-23, p. 503-516.
Hutchinson, T.C., et al., 1976. Movement and compartmentation of nickel and copper in an
aquatic ecosystem. P. 565-585 in Environmental Biogeochemistry, V. 2, ed., J.0. Nriagu,
Ann Arbor Science Publishers.
International Conference on the Ecological Impact of Acid Precipitation, Sandefjord, Norway, Mar.
11-14, 1980. Vol. 1: Abstracts of voluntary contributions, transport and deposition,
vegetation and soil.
International Conference on the Ecological Impact of Acid Precipitation, Sandefjord, Norway, Mar
11-14, 1980. Vol. II: Abstracts of voluntary contributions, water quality and aquatic biota.
Jeffries, D.S., C.M. Cox, and P.J. Dillon, 1979. The depression of pH in lakes and streams in
central Ontario during snowmelt. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can., 36: 640-646.
Johnson, Arthur H., 1979. Acidification of headwater streams in the New Jersey Pine Barrens. J.
Environ. Qual., 8(3): 383-386.
Kerekes, J., 1973. Aquatic resource inventory Kejimkujik National Park. Part 5. Chemical
composition of lake and river waters. Report for Parks Canada by Canadian Wildlife
Service, Eastern Region.
Kerekes, J., 1972. Comparative limnological study of five lakes in Terra Nova National Park, Nfld.
PhD. Thesis. Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S. 388 p.
Likens, G.E., and F.H. Bormann, 1974. Linkages between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
BioScience, 24: 447-456.
Malmer, N., 1974. On the effects on water, soil and vegetation of an increasing atmospheric
supply of sulphur. National Swedish Environment Protection Board, SNV-PM-402E, 98 p.,
Stockholm.
Mastin, Mary, 1974. La Cloche, past, present and future. Ontario Naturalist. July 30-34.
Matheson, D.H., and F.C. Elder, (eds.), 1976. Atmospheric contribution to the chemistry of lake
waters. First Specialty Symposium of the International Association for Great Lakes
Research. J. Great Lakes Res. 2 (suppl. 1) Interntl. Assoc. Great Lakes Res.
Matheson, D.H., 1974. Measurements of atmospheric inputs to the Great Lakes. Canada Centre
for Inland Waters, Burlington, Ont.
Michelski, M.F.P., and J. Adamski, 1974. Restoration of acidified lakes Middle and Lohi in the
Sudbury area, p. 163-175. In: Ontario Industrial Wastes Conferences.
Murphy, T.J., and P.V. Doskey, 1976. Inputs of phosphorus from precipitation to Lake Michigan.
J. Great Lakes Res., 2(1): 60-70.
-61-
Nas, 1975. Petroleum in marine environment. Report of US National Academy of Sciences
workshop on inputs, fates and the effects of petroleum in the marine environment,
Washington, D.C.
Nas, 1971. Marine environmental Quality, Washington, D.C.
Nicholls, Kenneth H., and Charles M. Cox, 1978. Atmospheric nitrogen and phosphorus loading
to Harp Lake, Ontario, Canada. Water Res. Research, 14(4): 589-592.
Oden, S., and T. Ahl, 1974. The longterm changes in the pH of lakes and rivers in Sweden.
Unpubl. report, 13 p.
Oden, S., and T. Ahl, 1973. The acidification of Scandinavian waters. Fisheries Research Board
of Can. Translation Series No. 2535.
Ontario Ministry of the Environment, 1979. Determination of the susceptibility to acidification of
poorly buffered surface waters. March.
Pearson, F.H., and A.J. McDonnell, 1975. Limestone barriers to neutralize acidic streams. J. of the
Environment Engineering Division EE3 425-440. (deals primarily with acid mine drainage
but has relevance to acid precipitation.)
Pearson, F.H., and A.J. McDonnell, 1975. Use of crushed limestone to neutralize acid wastes. J.
of the Environ. Eng. Division, EE1 139-158.
Proc. First specialty symposium on atmospheric contribution to the chemistry of lake waters,
1976. Internat. Assoc. Great Lake Res. Sept. 28 - Oct. 1. Supplement 1 to Vol. 2, Journal
of Great Lakes Research.
Rosenqvist, I.T., 1978. Alternative sources for acidification of river water in Norway. The Science
of the Total Environment, 10: 39-49.
Schneider, W.A., D.S. Jeffries, and P.J. Dillon, 1979. Effects of acidic precipitation on precambrian
freshwaters in southern Ontario. J. Great Lakes Resources, 5(1): 45-51.
Schneider, W. and P.J. Dillon, 1976. Neutralization and fertilization of acidified lakes near
Sudbury, Ontario. Proc. 11th Can. Symp. Water Poll. Res. Canada, 11: 93-100. (fairly
detailed report).
Schneider, W.A., B. Cave and J. Jones, 1976. Reclamation of acidified lakes near Sudbury,
Ontario by neutralization and fertilization. Limnology and Toxicity Section, Water Resources
Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment. 19 pp. (detailed with extensive bibliography).
Schneider, W., I. Adamski, M. Paylor, 1975. Reclamation of acidified lakes near Sudbury, Ontario.
Ont. Ministry of the Environment, 129 pp.
Schindler, D.W., R. Wagemann and R.H. Hesslein, 1977. The acidification of lake 223
Experimental Lakes Area, I. Background data, the first year of acidification, 1976.
Sub-project AF 2.3.1., Alberta Oil Sands Environmental Research Program, 90 pages.
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Schindler, D.W., 1971. A hypothesis to explain differences and similarities among lakes in the
Experimental Lakes Area, northwestern Ontario. J. Fish. Res. Board Canada, 28: 295-301.
Schofield, C.L., 1976. Lake acidification in the Adirondack Mountains of New York: causes and
consequences. Proc. 1st Int. Symp. on Acid Precipitation and the Forest Ecosystem, USDA
For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-23, 477.
Seip, H.M., and A. Tollan, 1978. Acid precipitation and other possible sources for acidification of
rivers and lakes. The Science of the Total Environment, 10: 253-270. (a technical report)
Skartveit, A., and Y.T. Gjessing, 1979. Chemical budgets and chemical quality of snow and runoff
during spring snowmelt. Nordic Hydrology, 10: 141-154. (also deals with water
acidification in meltwater).
Swedish Anglers' Association, 1979. Acidification Conference, Sept. 24-26. Goteborg, Sweden.
Szalados, J.E., T.M. Rosenthal and D.J. Lyew, 1979. Lake acidification in Quebec: recent
observations. Unpublished report, Limnology section, McGill Biology Dept., McGill
University, Montreal, Que.
Thompson, M.E., 1979. Acidic atmospheric precipitation: evaluation of its impact on Canada's
surface waters, submitted for publication in Science.
Thornton, K., and J. Wilhelm, 1974. The effects of pH, phenol, and sodium chloride on survival
and caloric, lipid and nitrogen content of a laboratory population of Chironomus attenuatus
(Walk). Hydrobiologia, 45: 261-280.
Tollan, A., and B. Hagerhall, 1977. Deterioration of water quality due to long range transport of
air pollution. Norwegian and Swedish thematic paper to UN Water Conference, Oslo,
Norway.
Watt, W.D., D. Scott, and S. Ray, 1978. Acidification and other chemical changes in Halifax
County Lakes after 21 years. Fisheries and Marine Service, Halifax, Nova Scotia.
Wiederholm, T., and L. Eriksson, 1977. Benthos of an acid lake. Oikos, 29: 261-267.
Wilber, T., 1972. The gradual destruction of Sweden's lakes. AMBIO, 1: 6-14.
Wright, Richard F., and Arne Henricksen, 1978. Chemistry of small Norwegian lakes, with special
reference to acid precipitation. Limnology and Oceanography, V. 23, No. 3, PP. 487-498.
Wright, R.F., and A. Henriksen, 1977. Chemistry of small Norwegian lakes, with special reference
to acid precipitation. Internal Report, SNSF Project, IR 33/77, Part 1, Oslo., 40 p.
Wright, R.F., and C. Lysholm, 1975. Regional survey of lakes in southern Norway, fall 1974.
Preliminary analysis of water-chemistry data. SNSF-project. IR 6/75. 24 p.
Wright, R. F., and E. Snekvik, 1977. Acid precipitation: chemistry and fish populations in 700
lakes in southernmost Norway. Verh. Int. Verein. Limnol, 20:
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Wright, R.F., and E.T. Gjessing, 1976. Acid precipitation: changes in the chemical composition of
lakes. AMBIO, V. 5, No. 5-6, pp. 219-223.
Wright, R.F., et al., 1976. Impact of acid precipitation on freshwater ecosystems in Norway.
Water, Air & Soil Poll., 6: 483-499.
Yan, N.D., W. Scheider, and P.J. Dillon, 1977. Chemical and biological changes in Nelson Lake,
Ontario, following experimental elevation of lake pH. Water Poll. Res. Canada, 12:
213-231.
Yan, N.D., and P.M. Stokes, 1976. The effects of pH on lake water chemistry and phytoplankton
in a La Cloche Mountain Lake. Water Poll. Res. Canada, 11: 127-137.
Zimmerman, A.P., and H. Harvey, 1979. Sensitivity to acidification of waters of Ontario and
neighboring States, prepared for Ontario Hydro, University of Toronto, 48 pages.
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5.2
Marine Life
Almer, B., 1978. Sulphur pollution and the aquatic ecosystem. pp. 273-311 IN: Nriagu, J. (Ed.),
Sulphur in the Environment, Part II. Ecological Impacts. J. Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York,
N.Y.
Avery, Michael, and R. Kent Schreiber, 1979. The clean air act: its relation to fish and wildlife
resources. Fish & Wildlife Resources and Electric Power Generation, No. 8. Ns/OBS-76-20.8
Beamish, R.J., 1976. Acidification of lakes in Canada by acid precipitation and the resulting effects
on fishes. pp. 479-498. In: Proc. The First Internat. Symp. on Acid Precipitation and the
Forest Ecosystem. L.S. Dochinger and T.A. Selling, eds. U.S.D.A. Forest Service Gen. Tech.
Report NE-23. (Also in Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, V. 6, p. 501-514, 1976.)
Beamish, R.J., et al., 1975. Long-term acidification of a lake and resulting effects on fishes.
AMBIO, 4: 98-102.
Beamish, R.J., 1974. Loss of fish populations from unexploited remote lakes in Ontario, Canada
as a consequence of atmospheric fallout of acid. Water Research, 8: 85-95.
Beamish, R.J., 1974. Growth and survival of white suckers (Catastomus commersoni) in an
acidified lake. J. Fish. Res. Board Can., 31: 49, 54.
Beamish, R.J., 1972. Lethal pH for the white sucker, Castastomus commersoni (Lacepede). T.
Am. Fish. S., 101: 355-358.
Beamish, R.J., and H.H. Harvey, 1972. Acidification of the La Cloche Mountain Lakes, Ontario and
resulting effects on fishes. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can., 29, 1131-1143.
Bell, H.L., 1971. Effect of low pH on the survival and emergence of aquatic insects. Water Res.,
5: 313-319.
Bell, H.L., and A.V. Nebeker, 1969. Preliminary studies on the tolerance of aquatic insects to low
pH. J. of Kansas Entomol. Soc., 42: 230-237.
Bengtsson, Bo, William Dickson, and Per Nyberg, 1980. Liming acid lakes in Sweden. AMBIO,
9(1): 34-36.
Biesinger, K.E., and G.M. Christensen, 1972. Effects of various metals on survival growth,
reproduction and metabolism of Daphnia magna. Jour. of the Fisheries Research Board of
Canada, 29: 1691-1700.
Brosset, C., and I. Svedung. Preliminary study of the possibility of a relationship between high
acidity of lakes and high mercury content in their fish populations. Report B 378. Swedish
Water and Air Pollution Research Laboratory, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Brouzes, R.J.P., R.A.N. McLean, and G.H. Tomlinson, 1977. The link between pH of natural waters
and the mercury content of fish. Domtar Research Centre, Senneville, Quebec.
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Carrick, T.R., 1979. The effect of acid water on the hatching of salmonid eggs. J. Fish. Biol., 14:
165-172.
Carter, L., 1964. Effects of acidic and alkaline effluents on fish in seawater. Effl. & Wat. T. Journ.,
484-486.
Cook, J.R., 1971. Influence of culture pH and phosphate on synchrony of Euglerea gracilis.
Experimental Cell Research, 69: 207-211.
Craig, G.R., and W.F. Baksi, 1977. The effects of depressed pH on flagfish reproduction, growth
and survival. Water Research, 11: 621-626.
Dahl, K., 1927. The effects of acid water on trout fry. Salmon and Trout Magazine, 46: 35-43.
Daye, P.G., and E.J. Garside, 1979. Development and survival of embryos and alevins of the
Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., continuously exposed to acidic levels of pH from
fertilization. Can. J. Zool. (in press)
Daye, P.G., and E.T. Garside, 1975. Lethal levels of pH for brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis
(Mitchill). Can. J. Zool., 53: 639-641.
Dills, G., and D.T. Rogers, Jr., 1974. Macroinvertebrate community structure as an indicator of
acid mine pollution. Environ. Pollut., 6: 239-262.
Dunson, W.A., and R.R. Martin, 1973. Survival of brook trout in a bog-derived acidity gradient.
Ecology, 54: 1370-1376.
Dvorak, A.J., B.G. Lewis, et al., 1978. Impacts of coal-fired power plants on fish wildlife, and their
habitats. FWS/OBS-78/29. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Ofc. Biol. Serv., Wash., D.C., 261 pp.
EIFAC Working Party on Water Quality, 1968. Water quality criteria for European freshwater fish.
Report on extreme pH values and inland fisheries. European Inland Fisheries Advisory
Commission. EIFAC Tech. Pap. 4: 24. FAO, Italy. Address: Department of Fisheries, FAO,
Via delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100, Rome, Italy.
Eddy, F.B., 1976. Acid-base balance in rainbow trout (Salmo graidneri), subjected to acid stress.
Jour. Exp. Biol., 64: 159-171.
France, S.B., 1978. Effects of pH on the biology and distribution of Ephemerella funeralis
(Ephemeroptera). Oikos, 31: 332-339.
Gorham, E., 1976. Acid precipitation and its influence upon aquatic ecosystems: an overview.
Water, Air, Soil Pollution, 6: 457-481.
Gorham, E., and A.G. Gordon, 1963. Some effects of smelter pollution upon aquatic vegetation
near Sudbury, Ontario. Can. J. Bot., 41: 371-378.
Grande, M., and S. Sanderson, 1979. Toxicity of acid snowmelt water to brown trout (Salmo
trutta L.) Vatten, 1: 27-32.
-66-
Groterund, O., 1972. Zooplankton and fish in relation to acid meltwater and anaerobic deep water
in a lake. Vatten, 28: 329-332.
Hagen, A., and A. Langeland, 1973. Polluted snow in southern Norway and the effect of the
meltwater on freshwater and aquatic organisms. Environ. Pollut., 5: 45-47.
Harvey, H.H., 1979. The acid deposition problem and emerging research needs in the toxicology
of fishes. Proc. Fifth Annual Aquatic Toxicity Workshop, Hamilton, Ont., Nov. 7-9, 1978.
Fish. Mar. Serv. Tech. Rep., 862, pp. 115-128.
Harvey, H.H., 1979. Fish populations in a large group of acid-stressed lakes. Verh. Int. Verein.
Limnol., 19, pp. 2406-2416.
Harvey, H.H., 1977. Aquatic environmental quality: problems and proposals. Jour. of the Fisheries
Research Board of Canada, 34(1): 2225-2229.
Hendrey, G., J. Galloway, S. Norton, et al., 1980. Identification of sensitive regions and
determination of the consequences of changing acidity, due to precipitation, on aquatic
systems in the eastern U.S. EPA Ecological Research Series. (in preparation)
Hendrey, G.R., and R.F. Wright, 1976. Acid precipitation in Norway: effects on aquatic fauna. J.
Great Lakes Res., 2 (Suppl. 1): 192-207.
Hendrey, G.R., et al., 1976. Acid precipitation: some hydrobiological changes. AMBIO, V. 5, No.
5-6, pp. 224-227.
Hultberg, H., and O. Grahn, 1975. Effects of acid precipitation on macrophytes in oligotrophic
Swedish lakes. J. Great Lakes Res., 2 (Suppl. 1): 208-221.
Jensen, K.W., and E. Snekvik, 1972. Low pH levels wipe out salmon and trout populations in
southernmost Norway. AMBIO, 1: 223-225.
Jernelov, A., 1979. Effect of acidity on uptake of mercury in fish. Presented at the 12th Int. Conf.
on Environmental Toxicity. Dept. of Radiology & Biophysics, University of Rochester, New
York, May.
Johannson, N., P. Runn, G. Milbrink, 1977. Early development of three salmonid species in
acidified water. Zoon., 5: 127-132.
Johannson, N., and G. Milbrink, 1976. Some effects of acidified water on the early development
of roach. Wat. Res. Bull., 12: 39-48.
Jordan, D.H.M., and R. Lloyd, 1964. The resistance of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnerii Richardson)
and roach (Rutilus rutilus (L.)) to alkaline solutions. Int. J. Air Wat. Poll., 8: 405-409.
Kinne, C., and H. Rosentahl, 1967. Effects of sulphuric water pollutants on fertilization, embryonic
development and larvae of the herring, Clupea harengus. Marine Biology. Int. J. Life
Oceans Coastal Waters, 1: 65-83.
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Kwiatowski, R.E., and J.C. Roff, 1976. Effects of acidity on the phytoplankton and primary
productivity of selected northern Ontario lakes. Can. J. Bot., 54: 2546-2561.
Landner, L., and P.O. Larson, 1972. Biological effects of mercury fallout into lakes from the
atmosphere. IVL Rep. B115, Swedish Institute for Water and Air Pollution Research,
Stockholm.
Laube, V., S. Ramamoorthy, and D.J. Kusher, 1979. Mobilization and accumulation of sediment
bound heavy metals by algae. Bull. Envir. Contam. Toxicol., 21: 763-770.
Leivestad, H., et al., 1976. Effects of acid precipitation on freshwater organisms. Pp. 87-111. In:
F.H. Braekke (ed.) Impact of acid precipitation on forest and freshwater ecosystems in
Norway. Res. Rep., Aas, Norway.
Leivestad, H., and I.P. Muniz, 1976. Fish kill at low pH in a Norwegian river. Nature, 259:
391-392.
Lewis, B.G., et al., 1978. A biologist's manual for the evaluation of impacts of coal-fired power
plants on fish, wildlife, and their habitats. FWS/OBS-78/75. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Ofc.
Biol. Serv., Wash., D.C., 206 pp.
Lloyd, R., and D.H.M. Jordan, 1964. Some factors affecting the resistance of rainbow trout (Salmo
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Lockhart, W.L., and A. Lutz, 1975. Preliminary biochemical observations of fishes inhabiting an
acidified lake in Ontario, Canada. pp. 545-569. In: Proc. of the First International Symp.
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U.S.D.A. Forest Service Gen. Tech. Report, NE-23.
McKim, J.M., et al., 1973. Effects of pollution on freshwater fish. J. Water Poll. Cont. Fed., 45:
1370-1407.
Merendez, R., 1976. Chronic effects of reduced pH on brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). J. Fish
Bd. Can., 33: 118-123.
Moore, S.F., and R.L. Dwyev, 1974. Effects of oil on marine organisms: a critical assessment of
published data. Water Research, V. 8, p. 819-847.
Mount, D.C., 1973. Chronic effect of low pH on fathead minnow survival, growth and
reproduction. Water Res., 7: 987-993.
Neville, C.M., 1979. Sublethal effects of environmental acidification on rainbow trout, (Salmo
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Malacologia, 9: 143-151.
Packer, R.K., and W.A. Dunson, 1972. Anoxia and sodium loss associated with the death of brook
trout at low pH. Comp. Biochem Physiol., 41A: 17-26. (detailed and scientific)
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Packer, R.K., and W.A. Dunson, 1970. Effects of low environmental pH on blood pH and sodium
balance of brook trout. J. Exp. Zool., 174: 65-72.
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Pickering, Q.H., 1974. Chronic toxicity of nickel to the fathead minnow (Pimephaleo promelas)
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Pough, R.H., 1976. Acid precipitation and embryonic mortality of spotted salamanders
Ambystoma maculatum. Science, 192: 68-70.
Powell, J.J., 1976. Preliminary report on the effects of neutralization on the fish community of
Nelson Lake, near Sudbury, Ontario. Min. Nat. Res., Sudbury, Ont. (analysis of
reproduction, growth and populations of various fish species)
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Lab., Corvallis, Oreg., 521 pp.
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Fish. Res. Bd. Can., 32: 389-395.
Stassen, G.M., 1974. Aspects of Sudbury environmental degradation problems as relates to the
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and comprehensive)
Stokes, P.M., T.C. Hutchinson, and K. Krauter, 1973. Heavy metal tolerance in algae isolated from
polluted lakes near the Sudbury, Ontario smelters. Water Pollut. Res. Can., 8: 178-201.
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Swarts, F.A., W.A. Dunson, and J.E. Wright, 1978. Genetic and environmental factors involved
in increased resistance of brook trout to sulfuric acid solutions and mine acid polluted
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bibliography)
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Swynnerton, G.H., and E.B. Worthington, 1939. Brown-trout growth in the Lake District. A study
of the conditions in "acid" lakes and tarns. Salmon and Trout Mag., 97: 337-354.
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J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can., 34: 262-266.
Trojnar, J.R., 1977. Egg hatchability and tolerance of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) fry at low
pH. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can., 34: pp. 574-579.
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several Flin Flon area lakes and the relation to fish populations. J. of Fisheries Research
Board, 34 (7): 899-906.
Ware, D.M., and R.F. Addison, 1973. PCB residues in plankton from the Gulf of St. Lawrence.
Nature, 264 (5434): 519-521.
Wodzniski, R.S., and M. Alexander, 1978. Effects of sulfur dioxide on algae. J. Environ. Qual., 7:
358-360.
Wright, Richard F., 1975. Acid precipitation and its effects on freshwater ecosystems: an
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Yan, N.D., R.E. Gerard, and C.J. LaFrance, 1979. Survival of rainbow trout, Salmo garidneri, in
submerged enclosures in lakes treated with neutralizing agents near Sudbury, Ontario.
Ont. Min. Envir. Tech. Rpt. LTS 79-2.
Yan, N.D., and P. Stokes, 1978. Phytoplankton of an acidic lake and its responses to experimental
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6.
6.1
TERRESTRIAL EFFECTS
Soils and Geology
Abrahamesen, G., K. Bjorad, O. Teigen, 1976. Field experiments with simulated acid precipitation
in forest ecosystems. In: Soil and Vegetation characteristics, experimental design and
equipment. SNSI project FR 4/76, 15 pp.
Baker, J., D. Hocking, and M. Nyborg, 1976. Acidity of open and intercepted pre-precipitation in
forests and effects on forest soils in Alberta, Canada. pp. 779-790. In: Proc. of the First
International Symp. on Acid Precipitation and the Forest Ecosystem. U.S.D.A. Forest
Service General Tech. Rpt. NE-23. 1074 PP.
Barrow, N.J., K. Spencer, and W.M. McArthur, 1969. Effects of rainfall and parent material on the
ability of soils to absorb sulfate. Soil Sci., 108: 120-126.
Bolt, G.H., 1967. Cation exchange equations used in soil-science--a review. Neth. J. Agric. Sci.,
15: 81-103.
Bond, H., et al., 1976. Some effects of cadmium on coniferous soil and litter microcosms. Soil Sc.,
121 (5): 278-287.
Borhemisza, E., and R. Llanos, 1967. Sulfate movement, adsorption, and desorption in three
Costa Rican soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc., 31: 356-360.
Carroll, D., 1962. Rainwater as a chemical agent of geologic processes--a review. U.S. Geologic
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Clark, J.S., and R.G. Hill, 1960. The pH-percent base saturation relationships of soils. Soil Sci.
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Clayton, J.S. et al., 1977. Soils of Canada. Vol. I, Soil Report; Vol. 2, Soil Inventory (with maps).
Can. Dept. of Agriculture, Ottawa.
Cole, D.W., and D.W. Johnson, 1977. Atmospheric sulfate additions and cation leaching in a
Dougas Fir ecosystem. Water Resources Research, 13: 313-317.
Cronan, C.S., and C.L. Schofield, 1979. Aluminum leaching response to acid precipitation: effects
on high-elevation watersheds in the northeast. Science, 204: 304-306.
Cronan, C.S., et al., 1978. Forest floor leaching: contributions from mineral, organic, and carbonic
acids in New Hampshire sub-alpine forests. Science, 200: 309-311.
Dahl, E., and O. Skre, 1971. An investigation of the effect of acid precipitation on land
productivity. Konferens om Avsvavling, Stockholm, M.I., ovardssekretariatet, 1:27-9.
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Dobrzanski, B., and J. Wondrausch, 1953. Soluble aluminum in soils of the Plish area. Ann. Univ.
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temperate zone. Pp. 685-710. In: L.S. Dochinger and T.A. Seliga (eds.) Proc. First
International Symposium on Acid Precipitation and the Forest Ecosystem. USDA Forest
Service Gen. Tech. Rep. NE-23. Upper Darby, Pa. (also in Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 7:
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Symposium on Acid Precipitation and the Forest Ecosystem. USDA Forest Service Gen.
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Hocking, D., et al., 1978. The impact of gold smelter emissions on vegetation and soils of a
sub-Arctic forest-tundra transition ecosystem. Air Pollution Control Association Journal, 28:
133-137.
Hsu, P.H., and W.L. Jackson, 1960. Inorganic phosphate transformations by chemical weathering
in soils as influenced by pH. Soil Sci., 90: 16-33.
Hutchinson, T.C., ed., 1979. Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Institute on Effects of
Acid Precipitation on Vegetation, Soil and Soil Biota. Toronto, Canada, May.
Hutchinson, T.C., and L.M. Whitby, 1974. Heavy metal pollution in the Sudbury mining and
smelting region of Canada. I. Soil and vegetation contamination by nickel, copper, and
other metals. Envir. Conservation, 1: 123-132.
Johnson, Dale W., and Dale W. Cole, 1977. Anion mobility in soils: Relevance to nutrient
transport from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems. U.S. EPA-600/377-068.
Johnson, N.M., R.C. Reynolds, and G.E. Likens, 1972. Atmospheric sulfur: its effects on the
chemical weathering of New England. Science, 177: 514-516.
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Jonsson, B., 1977. Soil acidification by atmospheric pollution and forest growth. Water, Air and
Soil Pollution, 7: 497-501.
Jordan, M.J., and M.P. Lechevalier, 1975. Effects of zinc smelter emissions on forest soil
microflora. Can. J. Microbiol., 21: 1855-65.
Kramer, J.R., 1979. Geochemical factors and terrain response to environmental contaminants,
Unpublished Report, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario.
Lag, J., 1968. Relationships between the chemical composition of the precipitation and the
contents of exchangeable ions in the humus layer of natural soils. Acta. Agra. Scand., 18:
148-153.
McBride, M.B., and Blasiak, J.J., 1979. Zinc and copper solubility as a function of pH in an acid
soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 43: 866-870.
McFee, W.W., and J.M. Kelly, 1977. Air pollution: impacts on soils, in new directions in century
three: strategies for land use. Proc. of Soil Conser. Soc. Amer., Mtg., Pp. 203-207,
S.C.S.A. Ankeny, Iowa.
McFee, W.W., J.M. Kelly, and R.H. Beck, 1977. Acid precipitation effects on soil pH and base
saturation of exchange sites. Water, Air & Soil Pollution, 7: 401-408.
McFee, W.W., J.M. Kelly, and R.H. Beck, 1976. Acid precipitation effects on soil pH and base
saturation of exchange sites. Proc. Inst. Int. Symp. on Acid Precipitation and the Forest
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Malmer, Nils, 1976. Acid precipitation: chemical changes in the soil. Ambio, 5: 231-234.
Malo, B.A., and E.R. Purvis, 1964. Soil absorption of atmospheric ammonia. Soil Science, 97:
242-247.
Mehlich, A, 1964. Influence of sorbed hydroxyl and sulphate on neutralization of soil acidity. Soil
Science Society of America Proceedings, 28: 492-496.
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agriculture. J. Air Pollution Control Assoc., 15: 476-480.
NATO Advanced Research Institute, 1978. The effect of acid precipitation on vegetation, soil and
soil biota. Toronto, Canada. (In press)
Norton, S.A., 1976. Changes in chemical processes in soils caused by acid precipitation. In: Proc.
First International Symposium on Acid Precipitation and the Forest Ecosystem. United
States Forest Service Tech. Rept. NE-23, Upper Darby, Pennsylvania, pp 711-724.
Nyborg, M., et al., 1977. Effect of sulphur dioxide on precipitation and on the sulphur content and
acidity of soils in Alberta, Canada. Water, Air, Soil, Pollution, 7(4): 439-448.
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Nyborg, M., and McKinnon, Allen Associates, 1973. Atmospheric sulfur dioxide: effects on the pH
and sulfur content of rain and snow; addition of sulfur to surface water, soil, and crops;
acidification of soils. In: Proceedings of a Workshop on Sulphur Gas Research in Alberta
(D. Hocking and D. Reiter, eds.). Information Report NOR-X-72, Northern Forest Research
Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, pp. 79-97.
Oden, S., 1972. The extent and effects of atmospheric pollution on soils. FAO Soils Bull., 16:
179-194.
Oden, S., and R. Anderson, 1972. The long-term changes in the chemistry of soils in Scandinavia
due to acid precipitation. Supporting Studies to Sweden's Case Study, 20 pp.
Overrein, L.N., 1972. Sulphur pollution patterns observed; leaching of calcium in forest soil
determined. AMBIO, 1: 145-147.
Poelstra, P., et al., 1974. Behaviour of mercury compounds in soils, accumulation and
evaporation,. Proceedings of a Symposium on food, environment, contamination, p.
281-92, IAEA, Vienna.
Reiniger, P., and G.H. Bolt, 1972. Theory of chromatography and its application to cation
exchange in soils. Neth. J. Agric. Sci., 20: 301-313.
Reuss, John 0., 1978. Simulation of nutrient loss from soils, due to rainfall acidity. U.S. EPA
600-3-78-053.
Reuss, J.O., 1976. Chemical and biological relationships relevant to the effect of acid rainfall on
the soil-plant system. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Acid Precipitation
and the Forest Ecosystem. Columbus, Ohio, May 12-15, 1975.
Reuss, J.O., 1975. Sulfur in the soil system. In: Sulfur in the environment. St. Louis, Missouri:
Missouri Botanical Garden, pp. 51-61.
Rogers, R.D., 1977. A biological methylation of mercury in soil. US Env. Prot. Agency
EPA-600/3-77-007.
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Longmans, Green and Co.
Schofield, R.K., and A.W. Taylor, 1955. The measurement of soil pH. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc.,
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Stevensou, F.J., 1965. Origin and distribution of nitrogen in soil. In: Soil Nitrogen (W.V.
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Tamm, C.O., 1977. Acid precipitation and forest soils. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 7(3):
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Tamm, C.O., 1976. Acid precipitation: Biological effects in soil and on forest vegetation. AMBIO,
5: 235-238.
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Turner, R.C., and J.S. Clark, 1964. Lime potential and degree of base saturation of soils. Soil Sci.,
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6.2
Vegetation and Forests
Abrahamsen, G., R. Hornvedt, and G. Tveite, 1975. Impact of acid precipitation on coniferous
forest ecosystems. Research Report 2, Acid Precipitation--Effects on Forests and Fish.
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Beckerson, D.W., and G. Hofstra, 1979. Response of leaf diffusive resistance of radish, cucumber
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Bell, J.N.B., and W.S. Clough, 1973. Depression of yield in ryegrass exposed to S02. Nature
(London), 241: 47.
Benedict, H.M., C.J. Miller, and R.E. Olson, 1971. Economic impact of air pollutants on plants in
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Berry, C.R., and L.A. Ripperton, 1963. Ozone, a possible cause of white pine emergence tipburn.
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Blauel, R.A., and D. Hocking, 1974. Air pollution and forest decline near a nickel smelter, the
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Braekke, F.H., 1976. Impact of acid precipitation on forest and freshwater ecosystems in Norway.
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Chiba, O., and K. Tanaka, 1968. The effect of sulfur dioxide on the development of pine needle
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airborne sulphur compounds in forests and freshwaters. Pollution Paper #7, Central Unit
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6.3
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Schimmel, H., and T.J. Murawski, 1976. The relation of air pollution to mortality. J. Occupat.
Med., 18: 316-333. (deals with SO2 pollution, standards -emphasis on urban centres such
as New York.)
Spengler, John D., 1979. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide levels inside and outside homes and
the implications on health effects research. Envir. Sci. & Technology, 13: (10): 1276-1280.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1974. Health consequences of sulfur oxides. A report from
CHESS 1970-1971. EPA-650/1-74-004, Research Triangle Pk., NC.
Wallace, R.A., et al., 1971. Mercury in the environment--the human element. Oak Ridges Nat.
Lab. EP1.
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8.
MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES EFFECTS
Gillette, Donald G., 1975. Sulfur dioxide and material damage. J. Air Poll. Control Assoc., Vol. 25
(12): 1238-1243.
Kucera, V., 1976. Effects of sulfur dioxide and acid precipitation on metals and anti-rust painted
steel. AMBIO, 5 (5-6): 243-248.
Nriagu, J.O., 1978. Deteriorative effects of sulfur pollution on materials. In: Nriagu, J.O., ed.,
Sulfur in the Environment, Part II. Ecological Impacts. New York, John Wiley & Sons.
Tapper, L., and V. Kucera, 1975. Effects of atmospheric sulfur pollutants on historical buildings
of sandstone and limestone in Sweden. In: Sweden's case study: Air pollution across
national boundaries, B. Boolin, ed.
Walsh, M., A. Black, and A. Morgan, 1977. Sorption of SO2 by typical indoor surfaces including
wool carpets, wallpaper and paint. Atmos. Envir., 11: 1107-1111.
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9.
VISIBILITY AND ARCTIC HAZE
Barnes, R.A., and D.O. Lee, 1978. Visibility in London and the long distance transport of
atmospheric sulphur. Atm. Env., 12: 791.
Garland, J.A., J.R. Branson, and L.C. Cox, 1973. Study of the contribution of pollution to visibility
in a radiation fog. Atm. Env., 7: 1079-1092.
Kerr, Richard A., 1979. Global pollution: is the Arctic haze actually industrial smog? Science, 205
(4403): 290-293.
Leaderer, Brian, P., et al., 1979. Relationship between sulfate aerosol and visibility. J. of APCA,
29 (2): 154-156.
Mitchell, M., 1956. Visual range in the polar regions with particular reference to the Alaskan
Arctic. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., Special Supplement, pp. 195-211.
Munn, R.E., 1973. Secular increases in summer haziness in the Atlantic provinces. Atmosphere,
11: 156-161.
Rahn, Kenneth, A., and Richard J. MacCaffrey, 1979. Long range transport of pollution aerosol to
the Arctic: a problem without borders. Proceedings, WMO Symposium on the long range
transport of pollutants, Bulgaria, Oct. 1-5, p. 25-35.
Rahn, K.A., and R.J. MacCaffrey, 1979. On the origin and transport of the winter Arctic aerosol.
Presented at the conference on Aerosols: Anthropogenic and Natural--Sources and
Transport, Jan. 9-12. New York Academy of Sciences, N.Y.
Rahn, K.A., R.D. Borys, and G.E. Shaw, 1978. Arctic air-sampling network. Arctic Bull., 2,
342-346.
Rahn, K.A., R.D. Borys, and G.E. Shaw, 1977. The Asian source of Arctic haze bands. Nature,
268, 713-715.
Samson, P.J., and K.W. Ragland, 1977. Ozone and visibility reduction in the mid west: evidence
for large-scale transport. J. of Appl. Meteorology, 16: 1101-1106.
Trijonis, J., and K. Yuan, 1977. Visibility in the southwest. TSC-PD-B562-1, Santa Monica, Ca.:
Technology Service Corp.
Trijonis, J., and K. Yuan, 1978. Visibility in the Northeast. Technol. Service Corp. Report U.S. EPA,
Grant 802815, Santa Monica, Ca., 85 p.
Vickers, G.G., and R.E. Munn, 1977. Canadian Haze Climatology. Climatic Change, 1, 97-103.
White, W.A., 1976. Reduction of visibility by sulphates in photochemical smog. Nature, 254: 735.
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10.
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES AND METHODOLOGY
Bronin, B.N., 1979. The principle of siting the control stations in long range transport of air
pollutants. WMO Symposium on LRTAP, 79-84.
Cheney, Jim L., and James B. Homolya, 1979. Sampling parameters for sulfates measurement
and characterization. Envir. Sci. & Tech. 13 (5): 584-588.
Evans, L.S., 1979. A plant developmental system to measure the impact of pollutants in rain
water. Jour. of Air Pollut. Control Assoc., 29 (11): 1145-1148.
Hansen, L.D., et al., 1979. Determination of arsenic and sulfur species in environmental samples
by ion chromatography. Analytic Chem., 51 (6), 663.
Hazrati, A.M., 1979. The use of metal films in studying sulfuric acid droplets in the atmosphere.
J. of Air Pollut. Control 29 (4): 372-377.
Klockow, D., et al., 1979. Possible artifacts in filter sampling of atmospheric sulfuric acid and
acidic sulfates. Atmos. Envir., 13: 1665-1676.
Laird, A., and Rachel and Richard W. Miksad, 1979. An application of a pseudo-second order SO2
reaction algorithm to urban air pollution modeling. J. of Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 29 (2):
147-152.
Liljestrand, Howard M., and J.J. Morgan, 1979. Error analysis applied to indirect methods for
precipitation acidity. Tellus, 31: 421-431.
The Mitre Corporation, 1979. An integrated five-year research plan (FY79-83) for EPA's
atmospheric acid deposition program. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research
and Development.
Ottmers, D.M., et al., 1979. Instruments for environmental monitoring. Chemical Engineering,
Deskbook issue, Oct. 15., pp. 85-96.
Pack, D.H., ed., 1979. Proceedings: Advisory workshop to identify research needs on the
formation of acid precipitation. Electric Power Research Institute, EA-1074, Special Study
Project, WS-78-98. Workshop Report, May.
Proceedings of the Symposium on Ion Chromatographic analysis of environmental pollutants,
1977. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, N.C., April 28.
Salmon, L., et al., 1978. Retrospective trend analysis of the content of U.K. air particulate
material, 1957-1974. Sci. Total Environ., 9: 161.
Sanderson, Marie, and P.D. LaValle, 1979. Surface loading from pollutants in precipitation in
southern Ontario: some climatic and statistical aspects. J. Great Lakes Res., 5 (1): 52-60.
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Sisterson, D.L., and J.D. Shannon, 1979. The diagnostic atmospheric cross-section experiment
(DACSE-1) of MAP3S:1-10, August, 1977. Part II: Regional transport of pollutants.
ANL/RER-78-2, Argonne National Laboratory, April.
Tanner, R.L., et al., 1980. Determination of ambient aerosol sulfur using a continuous flame
photometric detection system. I. Sampling system for aerosol sulfate and sulfuric acid.
Atmos. Envir. 14: 121-127.
Wetzel, Roy, 1979. Ion chromatography: further applications. Envir. Sci. & Tech., 13 (10):
1214-17.
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11.
MISCELLANEOUS
Report of the International Conference on the effects of acid precipitation in Telemark, Norway,
1976. AMBIO, 5: 200-252.
Canada. Dept. of Fisheries and Environment, 1978. An annotated bibliography of Canadian air
pollution literature. Supplement, EPS-3-AP-77-1. May.
Fowle, C. David and Ralph K. Baehre, 1979. A bibliography on acid rain. Federation of Ontario
Naturalists, 335 Lesmill Road, Don Mills, Ont., October, 27 pp.
Smith, S.B., ed., et al., 1979. Alberta oil sands environmental research program interim report
covering the period April 1975 to November 1978. 101 pp.
U.S. Institute of Ecology, 1979. Programs to examine ecological effects (Federal acid rain
assessment program), from a report prepared by the National Atmospheric Deposition
Program.
Proceedings of the Air Pollution Meteorology and Environmental Assessment, Workshop, 1979.
Atmospheric Environment Service, Downsview, Ontario, May 7-10.
Proceedings of the air quality criteria workshop, 1978. Atmospheric Environment Service,
Downsview, Ontario, Jan. 17-19.
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