Applying the Approach of Sustainable Recreation for Urban

International Journal of Management and Humanity Sciences. Vol., S (3), 4038-4049, 2014
Available online at http://www.ijmhsjournal.com
ISSN 2322-424X©2014
Applying the Approach of Sustainable Recreation for Urban Decayed
Textures Using Swot Model: Case Study: Jolan, Hamedan
Atefe Sabaghi*
Master of urban planning, atefe sabaghi, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan, Iran
*Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]
Abstract
In recent years, particularly since the late nineties, Low socioeconomic status and
physical function decline decayed textures with a sharp drop in the quality of the
urban environment has exacerbated the need for attention to this region. Today, with
the introduction of the principles of sustainable development and attention to all
aspects of city existence, environmental, economic, cultural and physical, as the
basis of sustainable urban development, attention to the urban decayed tissues has
entered a new study phase. One of the most important approaches in the field of
sustainability is urban tissue regeneration and emphasis on approach of sustainable
recreation. Recreating urban tissues, preventing loss at different social, economic,
physical, and environmental aspects, and removing the texture out of degradation
cycle. In the present study with the analytic-descriptive method based on the recent
studies through field interpretations, national documents and interviews with
residents of the neighborhood, we set out to know the current status and discuss the
results of the first phase of the assessment in the form of SWOT tables (analysis of
strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats). Finally, based on the evaluation
matrix of internal and external factors, we can get the development of strategies for
sustainable recreation. Based on these strategies, the recreating plan the Golan
Heights neighborhood of Hamadan in the form of a comprehensive and integrated
program is offered.
Keywords: Decayed texture, Regeneration, Sustainable Recreation
Introduction
The anatomical - functional attitude of planning to aspects of life in the past led new concepts in the late
1960s , influenced by new social needs and knowledge such as social welfare, quality of life and social
justice to be raised in the domain of Planning and public development (Mehdizadeh et al, 2006:301).Old
texture of city is known through archaeological or historical value elements, location of communication,
incorporating the main market town and the heart of its economic value and unique position in the spatial
and functional structure. These tissues face with specific structural and functional obstacles in various
aspects such as the fabric and activity incompatibility and the discrepancy between disparate elements of
urban , low per capita of some users , such as leisure, cultural and parking spaces , lack of proper hierarchy
in communication network ,defenseless and abandoned spaces, lack of public spaces for social interaction.
Coincided with the occurrence of these problems and their effects on different areas, attention to the old
texture and their problems has become a serious issue in cities to provide solution in removing them.
In fact, the unsuccessful implementation of restoration and improvement plans resulted in attention to the
phenomenon of sustainability in urban projects, the most important of which is reviving and regenerating the
urban textures (Habibi and Maghsoudi, 2007: 5). Approach of sustainable urban recreating is one of the
most universally accepted approaches in dealing with urban old textures. The emergence of this approach is
known to be attention to the principles of sustainable development and the importance of the role of interest
group participation in the urban planning process. A new framework for the process of recreating was
brought about in the 90th. Social issues returned to the guidelines on planning, and attention to quality of life,
especially in the deprived neighborhoods was paid to as the result, a broader approach to urban recreation
strategies was adopted (Vilaplana.1998, 1). According to the Department of Housing and Urban
Development officials estimate, in more than 100 Iranian cities, there are about 50,000 acres of urban old
Intl. J. Manag. Human. Sci. Vol., S (3), 4038-4049, 2014
texture (Amine, 2007). Government is able to provide only about 11.2% of credit to repair these decayed
tissues and the rest should be provided through citizens` participation. This, along with the land becoming a
scarce resource in community in recent decades, has led to the efficient use of decayed tissues which
provide the main source of land within the city (Enemark, 2004: 26-27).So, the attention to the issue of urban
decayed tissue from one side is due to the scope and extent and the need to recreate the restoration
process due to the limited financial resources of the government.That can also achieve a sustainable
development approach in recreating urban decayed textures, and introduce positive change in the existing
intervention programs. Achieving this goal will require further studies to achieve sustainable urban indicators
and practices of sustainable development considering the opportunities and threats that exist in the context
of the legal and technical requirements ,regulations and standards and patterns of organization to be
obtained and applied in order to reproduce the old texture recreation programs and conduct construction
activities used by custodians, planners and executives.
Materials and Methods
With respect to the components of the study, the dominant approach of this study is descriptive-analytic.
Information required was obtained by reference to scientific documents, field observations and interviews
with local residents of the Jolan neighborhood, Hamadan .The study was carried out systematically in a
purpose-oriented format providing analytic recognition in social, economic, physical and environmental
aspects. Finally, using the analysis model of SWOT, we identified strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and
threats .To develop strategies for the implementation of sustainable approaches for Jolan neighborhood of
Hamadan, and evaluation matrix has been used.
Concepts and Perspectives
Decay of texture
Decay of texture and its internal components is caused by the oldness or lack of development plan and
technical supervision on tissue formation. Consequence of tissue decay, eventually eliminating its status in
the minds of citizens, can be understood in various forms, including the reduction or loss of livability and
safety conditions and physical, social, economic, and facilities disorders (Adibi, 2010:6).
Intervention approaches in urban decayed textures
So far, there have been experienced a variety of methods and treatment interventions in the urban
decayed tissues that can be grouped into three general approaches :
 organizing decayed texture
 Protection of decayed texture
 intervention in decayed tissues
Intervention type
Organization
Table 1. Objectives and practices of the various intervention measures
Target of intervention
Practices of act (or type)
Regulation of guidance documents (rules
Guidance and control of development
and regulations)
Protection
Protection (absolute)
Intervention
(constructive)
Intervention constructive rehabilitation,
reconstruction, modification or restoration
of urban space protection (active)
Intervention
Renovation, protection (active) and modern
(Fundamental)
urban space structures
References: F., 2010.
develop guidance documents
(regulations) and action (required by the
organization in charge)
provision of plans, guidance documents
and organization programs and
investment
Program, design (acting) organization and
investment
Sustainable urban Recreation approach
In recent literature, the term "urban recreation" is used as a general term that covers other concepts such
as development, modernization, rehabilitation, and mental empowerment. Urban regeneration process is the
process that retains the creation of the new urban spaces with main spatial features (activity and physical).
(Habibi and Maghsoudi, 2006:5).Urban recreation is an integrated attempt to restore life to the destroyed
areas. Recreating the city is stopping the decline in various aspects of social, economic, physical, and
environmental dimensions and removing the texture out of degradation cycle (Toupchi, 2010:3). This
approach is based on two principles: the equal importance of economic, social, cultural, environmental and
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empowering stakeholder groups to participate in the decision-making process, through the development of a
common perspective that merges knowledge and experience of experts and needs and demands of a
neighborhood (LUDA E – compendium, hand book E 4,5) .In urban recreation, urban development occurs as
the quantity growth physical elements of the city to accommodate the population and improve the quality of
life in urban development projects. (Hanachi, 2007:13). Urban recreation is introduced and implemented in
many developed countries in response to the problems associated with decay and urban decline, as an
intervention method or approach. In many developed countries ,the aim is to promote " attention to the city"
meaning the a city revitalization , restoration activities in order to enable the city to compete in the
international arena and offer initiatives to improve environmental performance in a broad sense to all in line
with a significant growth . In short, urban recreation can be taken to reverse the change process of urban
loss and decline (Batey, 2000).Urban recreation occurs in various social, economic, physical and
environmental aspects and has stressed in each dimension on several issues. (ziakhah, 2004: 492).
Physical Recreation: the physical recreating pays attention to evaluation of structural elements in order to
search for potential physical limitations and coordinates the fabric of the city with the rapid economic and
social transformation (Roberts and Sykes, 2000:7).
Economic recreation: generally, economic sustainable recreation includes policies and objectives such as
domestic investment, encouraging entrepreneurship, temporary and part-time jobs, improving education and
enhancing professional skills, reducing the cost of living (seeo, 2002: 117).
Social and cultural recreation: to minimize crime and violence, to provide affordable health care, reduce
cultural distortions, micro-social amplification , emphasis on community empowerment, attention to the
needs of different groups are the goals of this dimension(Seeo, 2002:118).
Sustainability refers to protect and promote the welfare of current and future generations (Chiu, 2003). An
urban project can show urban sustainability when it can create a balance in the environment and reduce
social imbalances and social gaps and seek to improve the quality of life in general finds (Enyedi, 2004).
One of the aspects of urban regeneration is its sustainability dimension. One of the newest universally
accepted approaches is sustainable urban recreation approach in dealing with the decayed urban textures.
The emergence of this approach is attention to the principles of sustainable development and the increasing
importance of participants` role in urban planning. The 1990s saw a new framework for urban recreation
process. Social issues returned to the guidelines on planning and specific attention was paid to quality of life,
especially in the deprived neighborhoods. As a result, strategies for urban recreation included a broader
approach. It is seriously agreed that the previous approaches to recreation were temporary responses to the
issues without any sustainable solutions (Vilaplana, 1998, 1). A prerequisite of sustainable urban recreation
is neighborhood community cooperation to get a public consensus. In sustainable urban recreating, a new
institutional form appears that attempts to recreate a community-based program integrated into the top-down
format to include all those of interest (faraji, 2010: 15). Sustainable urban recreation is trying to create a
sustainable process in urban development, on the one hand, and trying to utilize the potential resources to
meet new needs while regarding the priorities for revitalizing the historic fabric of social life and economic
prosperity (shahavi and sultani, 2008: 665).
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Table 2. The emergence of urban recreation theory
1960s
1970s
1980s
revitalizing
reconstruction
redevelopment
type of policy
in each era
1950s
regeneration
Rebuilding and
Consistency of
expanding older
1950 methods,
regions of cities
Main strategy
margin growth,
and towns base on
and orientation
some primarily
comprehensive
tries about
plans and rural
resettlement
growth
influential
authorities and
invested
groups
National
government and
local, contractors
and developers
of private section
Economic
center
Investing
governmental
section with
relative interaction
of private section
Social content
Improvement of life
and construction
criteria
Physical focus
Replacement of
inner area and
marginal growth
Environmental
focus
Landscaping and
expanding green
space
Focusing on
modernization in
its first place and
neighbors plans,
still developing in
margins of cities
Move toward
Increasing role of
more
equalization private section and
Decentralization by
among
local government
governmental
sections and
private sections
1990s
recreation
Multiple great plans
for development
and redevelopment,
large scale and
high cost projects,
suburbs projects
movement to
comprehensive
policy and focus on
integrated solutions
Emphasis on
private section role
and special
brokers, increasing
in participating
Participation as
dominated approach
Continuing of
1950 flow with
increasing of
private section
investment
Limitation sources
of governmental
section and
growing of private
section investment
Dominance of
private section with
selecting providing
of budget from
governmental
section
More equalization
among provided
budget from
governmental
section, private and
volunteer
Improvement
of social
welfare
Society-oriented
action and social
growth
Social self-aid with
government support
Emphasis on
government role
continuity of 50s
Comprehensive
approaches to
restoration in older
environment
regions of city
empowerment
Macro projects with
great costs
More conservative
than 1980s,
attention to heritage
and mansion
maintenance
Environmental
rehabilitation with
innovations
Greater attention to
environmental
issues
An expanded version
of environmental
approach
Selective
rehabilitation
References: Izadi, 2004.
Regenerating an effective and efficient program in the 21st century
 A more comprehensive strategy and action.
 Greater emphasis on integrated approaches, along with physical changes to improve the economic,
physical, social and environmental areas along with the two main goals of economic efficiency and social
justice.
 Multi Sectorial partnerships, emphasizing the role of local communities.
 Accepting the possibility that the initial plans must be aligned and modified with changes in the economic,
social, environmental management conditions.
 Recognizing the uniqueness of place, spatial and organizational framework for regeneration will vary both
over time and place.
 The introduction of a more comprehensive idea of environmental sustainability (Ozlem Guzey, 2006, 29).
The study area
The scope of this research is an area known as the jolan neighborhood, a residential neighborhood of
Hamadan located in zone 3. This area is approximately 10 hectares located in the southern half of the 25
acres and has now covered a large percentage of barren and dilapidated land due to old age. Jolan
neighborhood, undoubtedly a dynamic and responsive place to the social life of the residents in the area
previously, today, due to the lack of suitable and attractive uses locally and lack of the eye-catching visual
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elements, lack of service, low quality construction and heterogeneous with the natural identity of region,, lack
of integration of landscape and chaos in decayed and old fabric has lost its efficacy.
Figure 1. The area map of the study
Analysis of sustainability level in Jolan neighborhood, Hamedan
To do the analysis of sustainability level in Jolan neighborhood, we have turned to selected indexes in four
dimensions of social, economic, physical and environmental sustainability. The data were collected through
interview with neighborhood residents and field observations.
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index
Economic
sustainability
Table 3. analysis of sustainability level in Jolan neighborhood, Hamedan
sub index
description
Total population: 1594
active population: 1257
population
Unemployed population: 42
working population: 518
Family member: 0.08
Household
Based on the information, most residents of southern Jolan are in low
revenue per capita
economic level.
Literacy rate
Literate: 1285
illiterate : 207
Neighborhood
security rate
social
sustainability
Use per capita
In south Jolan, the old neighborhood, culture of people and religious
buildings are creating sense of belonging and tendency to stay in
neighborhood.
In south Jolan, most lands have residential use.
Building quality
high percentage of lands have low static quality resulting from old building
Building age
Most buildings are 30 or 40 years old.
Building floor
Most buildings are of one or two floors following the low height order, due to
numerous barren lands.
Building
ownership
The land ownership within the local area due to the dominance of
established residential neighborhoods in this context is privately owned.
Motion and
access system
Jolan neighborhood access network formation is organic and urban design
principles have not been adhered to.
Per capita area of
greenery
Based on interviews with residents, lack of green space as one of the
weaknesses of this neighborhood is the weakness point.
Waste collection
Due to the complexity of texture in Jolan neighborhood street network, the
sewage network is available in almost every tissue and passages Leading all
the way to the main source in the center of this network in Nazarbeig.
identity
physical
sustainability
Environmental
sustainability
Based on interviews, most cases of juvenile are related to addiction, and
vagabonds in neighborhood. The barren lands are recognized as the
unsecured places.
Source: author
The process of formulating strategies for sustainable recreation programs of Jolan neighborhood
using the SWOT
To select the most appropriate strategy in this study, the SWOT model was used. In this model, we first to
evaluated the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in Jolan neighborhood, and then developed
strategies for sustainable recreation programs using the matrix of internal and external environment factors.
Assessing the internal and external environment
First, the internal and external factors affecting Jolan neighborhood of Hamadan on the external
environment and internal evaluation matrix are evaluated. After external and internal factors, external
factors, based on the factors listed in the matrix, each weighing between 1 and 4 will be given a rank. Rating
reflects the impact of each factor in the success of Jolan neighborhood, city planning are recreated. The final
score by multiplying the weight of each factor in the ranking of the factors is obtained.
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Table 4. Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE)
Internal
factors
Aspects of internal factors
weight
rating
Strength
S1 High duration of residents residency
S2 Presence of relation and interactions among neighbors
S3 Presence of unutilized grounds inside contexture
S4 High percentage of religious user
S5 Suitable accessibility to downtown
S6 High capacity of contexture for density increasing
S7 High user level of passage channels
S8 Most residential sectors are civilian
S9 Not existing of industrial and pollutant user in neighbor hood
0.06
0.08
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.08
0.06
0.06
0.08
3
4
3
3
3
4
3
3
4
Weighted
score
0.18
0.32
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.32
0.18
0.18
0.32
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.04
0.04
0.02
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.02
0.02
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
50
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.08
0.08
0.02
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.02
0.02
2.64
W1 Presence of differences of persons culture
W2 Low level of social safety
W3 Lack of favorite variety of existing spaces in neighborhood
W4 Presence of unutilized and abandon grounds in neighborhood
W5 Not appropriate passages coverings
W6 the lack of appropriate public spaces
W7 Low-width, tight passages
weakness W8 Inappropriate distribution of teaching and treatment services in contexture
W9 Weakness in urban installations and equipment
W10 Deficient of cultural, sport, social spaces in neighbor hood
W11 Presence of destructed and repaired building with using weak materials
W12 Low ground value
W13 Low salary of residents
W14 Closing of favorite air way by constructing building masses
W15 Short usage of natural elements (plants cover) inside neighbor hood
Sum
Source: author
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Table 5. External Factor Evaluation (EFE)
External
factors
O1 Revival of city character and consistency of social character
O2 Improving group memory and stabilizing ceremonies and traditions
O3 Increasing of group character base on cultural and believe specifications
O4 Injecting new activities inside contexture
O5 Increasing of attachment feel among residents
Opportunity
O6 Reduction in using transportations
O7 Possibility of transferring users according to open spaces
O8 Presence of spaces for developing users and essential services of neighbor hoods
O9 Changing ownership from small owners to total owners
O10 Reducing air and sound pollution
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.08
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.08
0.06
0.06
3
3
3
4
3
3
3
4
3
3
Weighted
score
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.32
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.32
0.18
0.18
T1 Breaking of social interactions, social facing and united participating
T2 Losing character and feeling of attachment to place in residents and citizens
T3 Weakness of penetration of mobilized inside contexture because of low width of
passages
T4 Structuring social problems, gathering of addicted and lack of safety
T5 Lack of attractive urban spaces and with reducing qualitative level character
T6 Low ratio of public open and sportive spaces and reduction in happiness
Threats
T7 Limit rate of residents participation in revival plans process
T8 Effects of Exogenous factors in housing market and reducing usefulness of policies
and plans of housing sections
T9 Not tended out of contexture investors in investing inside contexture
T10 overcoming environment by artificial structure
T11 Reducing in climate-environment comfort by not paying attention to plants covers
Sum
Source: author
0.04
0.02
2
1
0.08
0.02
0.04
2
0.08
0.02
0.04
0.02
0.04
1
2
1
2
0.02
0.08
0.02
0.08
0.04
2
0.08
0.04
0.04
0.02
1
2
2
11
50
0.08
0.08
0.02
2.72
Aspects of external factors
weight rating
Strategic planning for sustainable recreation of Jolan neighborhood
Due to the nature of the long-term strategic planning, it is considered to be, one of the pillars of a city
recreation program. Proper understanding and careful use of strategic planning and program developing
tools, allow access to programs that provide recreation.The purpose of strategic planning for sustainable
recreation of Jolan neighborhood is promoting the improvement of local living conditions by economic, social,
cultural, physical and environmental improvement, so that social, cultural and historic features of
neighborhoods should also be considered. Therefore, the strategic planning of sustainable urban recreation
of Jolan neighborhood aims at trying to improve the quality of housing residence.
Strategies for sustainable recreation of Jolan neighborhood can cause the neighborhood to move away
from its situation gradually to a desired position in the future these guidelines are based on the objectives
and re- emerge from the evaluation of elements of the internal and external environment the matrix.
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Table 6. Swot matrix and sustainable regeneration strategies of Jolan neighborhood
Strategy SO
Strategy WO
Aligning instructing with city policies, like density, capitation,
Facilitate mobilized movement inside contexture
minimum separation of segments and occupation level,
by opening and widening and constructing
symmetric to needs and abilities of residents, improving quality
passages.
level of resident’s life and creating happiness in urban life.
Stabilize and organizing connection structure of neighborhood.
Using stable materials in buildings.
Keeping social spirit with improving structural environment of
neighborhood.
Suitable space distribution users and local
Setting users in reducing interfering, Heterogeneity and
services (distribution of daily commercial services
disturbance of existing users, within increasing different users.
in local level, creating sportive and cultural
Increasing in people participation rate by creating local and
centers, suitable accessing to health and
civility organizations, for Institutionalization social participation
treatment centers, construct library, suitable
and targeted demanding group needs.
accessing to teaching centers.
Using religious groups, mosque trustees and trustful of
neighborhood for creating foundation of forming residents
Holding social skills classes and workshops, like
participation in reviving neighborhood.
The Basics of citizenship, citizenship Ethics.
Improving neighborhood character from different psychology,
cultural, and social aspects within dynamical state of
neighborhood and equipping it for accepting changes and
pacing completing process.
Strategy ST
Strategy WT
Knowledge increasing and civic participation with holding
Eliminating poverty, increasing of financial power of
sessions and public consulting in different religious
residents with improving suitable occupational
ceremonies.
chances of neighbors, by providing and equipping
Tending residents for participating in social organizations, for activity and occupation spaces, attracting special
developing foundations of neighborhood, protecting
occupation budgets and paying self-employing loan.
environment and financial participating for investing in
Omitting spaces causing abnormalities and social
neighborhood.
discontent.
Creating social safety inside contexture with using legal
Applying stable revival and improving buildings
observation induction methods (increasing police patrol).
safety against natural and artificial resumes.
Creating green spaces and using plants covering
in neighborhood.
Source: author
The final strategies for sustainable recreation programs
The final strategy of recreation is chosen from determining the rank of matrix collected through the
assessment matrix of external and internal factors on the internal and external matrix. Location of
neighborhoods in the internal and external matrix determines the final strategy for the elimination of barriers
to sustainability in the neighborhood.
Table 7. Combination of external and internal factors of Jolan neighborhood, Hamedan
SO
WT
ST
WO
4.12
1.24
2.68
2.68
Source: author
Figure 2. Combination of internal factors of Jolan neighborhood, Hamedan
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Conclusions
The purpose of Interventions at urban context is, primarily,
finding optimal solutions for solving
environmental problems of citizens .Comprehensive intervention in urban decayed textures occurs when
economic and social structures of the city are considered while the physical condition is organized. In other
words, if economic and social development grounds are provided in urban reconstruction, the process would
be faster with a more stable outcome.
According to the results of SWOT Table Analysis on, the final strategies Sustainable of Recreation
According to Figure 2 are aggressive strategies. In fact, the numbers obtained from the matrix of internal and
external factors are greater than 2.5 (Matrix of internal factors: 2.64, matrix of external factor: 2.72). This
represents the optimal conditions for sustainable recreation of the Jolan neighborhood. Accordingly, in this
study, in order to return life to jolan neighborhood, a sustainable recreation model is suggested. Because the
variables affecting the stability of residential neighborhoods are numerated as the social, economic , physical
and environmental dimensions ,based on these dimensions , four targets ( Environmental sustainability ,
physical quality improvement ,promotion of social conditions and economic prosperity ) are considered for
recreation of Jolan neighborhood of Hamadan , for each of which Strategies are intended to eliminate
economic , social , physical and environmental instability of Jolan neighborhood of Hamadan. This pattern
regards the economic, social, physical and environmental problems in a continuous and integrated process,
and also finds a relationship among the dimensions .Finally, the path to implement the sustainable recreation
of Jolan neighborhood is presented in a comprehensive and integrated aimed at promotion of life quality
.
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Figure 1. Process of Jolan recreation
Recreating Jolan neighborhood
process
Intl. J. Manag. Human. Sci. Vol., S (3), 4038-4049, 2014
Basic studies
Identify and evaluate the existing
neighborhood
‫جوالن‬
Identifying the main barriers to sustainability
In the neighborhood of jolan
Environmental
Physical
Social
Evaluation criteria of upstream projects and initiatives
Economic
Determining recreation goals in Jolan
Lack of natural
elements
(vegetation) within
the neighborhood
Destruction and
repair of buildings
and the use of less
durable materials
Narrow passages
Low Level of
culture among
residents
Low levels of
social security
The low
value of
land
Low
income of
residents
Poor distribution of
education and
health services
within the context
Non-acceptance of
diversity in
available spaces in
the neighborhood
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Enhancing the environmental quality of
life and creating vitality in the
neighborhood
Quality improvement through efficient
management and a fabric texture
Amendment of the Land Use and
bookkeeping system and to improve the
performance and
Improve the quality and accessibility of
street network
Cooperation and participation of all
relevant devices in the process of
recreating old texture
Basis so as to promote sustainable and
inclusive environment for social
development and dignity
Bio sustainability
Creation of public
green space and
children's play areas
Providing comfort
climate
To achieve harmony
with the architectural
patterns
To minimize
environmental
contamination and
inconsistency
Strengthening visual
links between the
natural environment
and man-made
elements of the urban
Quality promotion
Condition improvement social
Promoting the development of
infrastructure and road network
Development and provision of
community services
Enhance the public realm and
development of urban spaces with
people
Coordination of capacity-building
passages with the density and
number of classes
Induction of the change in the level of
service, particularly in the context of
the neighborhood center
Establishment and create new
service arena and renovated spaces
Create a wide variety of nightlife land
reclamation
Output (achieving the
)goals of sustainability)
Developing and
strengthening local
institutions through the
creation of vibrant
centers, active and
identity in the context
To promote social
interaction creates a
neighborhood hangout
To create backgrounds
forming neighborhood
councils, citizen
participation in
decision and decisionmaking
Develop relationships
and social interactions
through the creation of
collective urban open
spaces
Prosperity economic
Determining the
contribution of
various city
agencies and
neighborhood
development
efforts to allocate
funds to
community action
Establish a facility
for the issuance of
a certificate of land
ownership as a
prerequisite to bed
and to stimulate
the market
Neighborhood
residents can
afford formal
housing increased
by strengthening
local communities
through the
provision of
appropriate
employment
opportunities and
Spaces and
employment
activities
Intl. J. Manag. Human. Sci. Vol., S (3), 4038-4049, 2014
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