PDF - Journal of Management Sciences

Journal of Contemporary Management Sciences
Volume 3 (2) 65-71
JCMS Publication, 2014
Journal of
Contemporary
Management
Sciences
EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISMS IS A SUSTAINABLE
ENVIRONMENT PRODUCT AND ITS APPLICATION CAUSE
STUDY IN PAKISTAN, A REVIEW PAPER
Jaffar Hussain, & Dr Syed Farman Ali Shah
[email protected]
[email protected]
ABSTRACT
As we know that Pakistan is the developing country so it adopts new technologies for progress. In last three decays
some new technologies were introduced in the world in which Effective Microorganism was one of them.
Microorganisms are one of the most power full living forces on earth. Originally, EM was developed as an, odor
control, farm and animal health, human health many industrial treatments. Effective Microorganism is an organic
fertilizer that contains a mixture of co-existing valuable microorganism composed from environment. There are vast
application of the EM in the world in which the researchers are explain in literature .In Pakistan work on EM
technologies are under process, researcher are doing work to make them most valuable. At that time the application
of EM are in agriculture, water treatment, to increase Cement strength, improving saline soil etc. Effective
microorganisms are environmentally friendly, not-naturally organized, not chemically synthesized, not dangerous
and not pathogenic.
Keywords: Developing country, Technologies, Effective Microorganism, Researchers, Pakistan, and Agriculture.
INTRODUCTION
To bring change in the world it is important to discover new technologies and to make them valuable.
Microorganisms are one of the most power full living forces on earth. At present there are many new invention
which are discover by researcher ,One of them Effective microorganisms are new technology for sustainable human
life (1).EM is the observation of Effective Microorganisms that was discovered and developed by Prof. Dr. Terou
Higa, japan in 1980 (2). The technology of EM was nothing new, billions of years nature has been using this
technology. Valuable microorganisms were used for the production sustainable products for environment and human
being (3). Effective Microorganism having 80 species of microorganisms, which included lactic acid bacteria,
photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes, yeasts and fermenting fungi (Hinga and parr,1994)4.The application of EM
were in the world’s including agriculture, bioremediation, composting, livestock, gardening, landscaping, cleaning
septic, water treatment and household uses (Hinga) Successful use of EM depends on suitable formulation
techniques (6)The pH of the EM solution is below 3.7.Effective microorganism were environmentally friendly, notnaturally organize , not chemically synthesized, not dangerous and. not pathogenic (Hui et al,2014). In Pakistan
work on EM technologies are under process, researcher are doing work to make them most valuable. At that time the
application of EM are in agriculture, water treatment, to increase Cement strength, improving saline soil,
composting of municipal solid waste etc.
EM has been introduced and is used in more than 140 counties in the world.
EM is produced in 55 countries all over the world. Red character’s countries produce EM. Blue character’s countries
use EM.
APPLICATION OF EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISM
The application of EM were in the world’s including agriculture, bioremediation, composting, livestock, gardening,
landscaping, cleaning septic, waste water treatment and household uses (Hinga) .Successful use of EM depends on
suitable formulation techniques(7).It was reported that EM was superior crop growth and yield by growing
photosynthesis, producing bioactive substances such as hormones and enzymes, and accelerating (Daly and stewart,
1999) .The studies showed that the effect of effective microorganism on crapes yield and growth rate (Javaid,
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2011,Khaliq et al., 2006 : Xu And Yan, 2002). It also reported that effective microorganism on yield, crops growth
generally was not marked (Formowitz et al,2007: Daiss et al,2008).
WORKED ON EFFECTIVE MICROORGANISMS IN PAKISTAN
As we know that Pakistan is the developing country so it adopts new technologies for progress. There were many
researchers worked on EM to make it valuable product for human life and environment. Literature shows that the
applications of EM in Pakistan are Agriculture crops as a fertilizer like as rice, wheat, cotton, mung bean .It is also
used in the , improvement saline soil, water treatment; increase the strength the strength of cement.
Fig: Application of EM
APPLICATION OF EM IN AGRICULTURE
Hussain et all, 1999 worked on the application of EM on white and rice crops. EM used on these crops for three
years to compared with chemical fertilizer, farmyard manure and green manure which was used by farmer. EM
combine used with organic amendments to give good result but alone it cannot effect largely (Hussain. T et all
1999).
Khaliq et al. (2006), who reported that EM application either in combination with organic matter or mineral NPK
significantly enhanced cotton yield as compared to the treatments where these soil amendments were used without
EM application.
Javaid .A, 2010 applied EM for the growth of nodulation, and nutrition of mung bean. It was reported that when EM
used with chemical fertilizer or farmyard manure it effect on yield, plant growth and nutrition in mung bean
crop(Javaid .A and BAJWA. R 2010)
Tahir hussain worked in 1994 on the effect of EM on orange yield, growth and quality for this purpose he was used
EM4.When he applied 80 ml of EM solution to obtained good result compared with 40 ml application on
plant(Hussain et all,2001).
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OTHER APPLICATION
IT used in cement strength (Shah et al,2004), Solution as an Additive to Synthetic Paint(Shah et all, 2002), compost
of municipal solid waste with EM and used as a fertilizer(Hussain .K et all 2007), In poultry production EM 4 was
used in drinking water for boiler chicks(Hussain .T et all 2001)
EM IN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
The treatment of municipal solid waste reused, recycling and disposal in the world is a big problem. Solutions using
EM developed in Okinawa in the 1970s have been used for environmental management (Higa, 1998). Many
countries in world EM was used successfully from agriculture to industrial waste water treatment.The
implementation of kitchen composting systems has helped to manage kitchen waste and generated rich fertilizer,
thus eliminating the need for chemical fertilizers (Freitag et al., 2002). There is also investigation into the potential
of EM to lower the lipid content of lipid-rich food debris wastewater (Siripornadulsil et al., 2008). Since clean water
resources are crucial to human health and the natural environment, and play a key role in economic growth and
development, EM technology may help mitigate water crisis by purifying water for recycling. EM acts to purify
wastewater by devouring all of its toxins and the stench of solid waste is eliminated almost immediately. Therefore,
Kurihara et al. (1990) reported that EM mud balls adopted locally are emerging as one of the environmental
solutions to reduce water pollutants and thus improve water quality in the rivers and drains. In addition, EM also has
the ability to absorb toxic gases (example, hydrogen sulphide and ammonia) and convert them into organic acids,
thereby eliminating their foul odor (Eduardo, 2007 unpublished). Thus, the environment of barns and animal
hygiene are both improved. Moreover, after the recent natural disaster in Asia, the tsunami, EM technology was
successfully used to mitigate the smells. EM technology proved effective in odor control and sanitation
management. Composting also has been studied, mostly in treating municipal sewage sludge and solid wastes.
Sprinkling an EM solution on material accelerates the breakdown of organic matter and thus requires less time than
the natural process of composting. Used of EM solutions in biofertilizer preparation to decrease the salinity of soil
and effect on soil nutrients to increase the yield and growth rate of crops (Boraste et al., 2009). In another way,
Freitag et al. (2002) also highlighted the introduction of EM into anaerobic treatment facilities to reduce the
unpleasant by-products of the decomposition and the production of residual sludge.
CONCLUSION
Microorganisms are one of the most power full living forces on earth so make useful for human life. Since the
present natural environment is so deteriorated, more EM technologies are being used in developing the agriculture
and environment sectors. EM finds fairly wide application in many areas of human society because they are notnaturally organized, not chemically synthesized, not dangerous and not pathogenic and low capital cost. This
technology is good for environment.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This paper was written by the authors to increase the application of Effective Microorganisms in many fields. I am
grateful to all staff of Chemical Engineering department of Mehran University Jamshoro. I especially thankful
Pro.Dr Farman Ali Shah chairman of Chemical Engineering department which help me to write this paper.
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