UNIT B: “Body Works”

Final Exam Study Guide 6th
Name: ________________________ Per:_____
Unit A: “Studying People Scientifically”
Circle or highlight the correct answer(s)
1. A well planned experiment :
*includes a small/medium/large sample size
*includes two/multiple/no trials
*can/cannot be reproduced by others to get similar results
* respects/disrespects/does not use human and animal subjects
2. Qualitative data includes exact measurements/colors/shapes/textures.
3. Quantitative data includes exact measurements/colors/numbers/textures
4. A suggested solution to a problem or question based on fact is a
hypothesis/conclusion/trade-off
UNIT B: “Body Works”
Fill in the blanks
5. Name 3 things blood transports through your body.
1) ______________________ 2) _____________________ 3) _______________
6. During digestion, what is the effect of mechanical breakdown on the speed of chemical breakdown?
(Hint: think of our Alka-Seltzer lab with vinegar!)
Mechanical digestion ________________ the speed of chemical digestion.
7. You have just eaten lunch. What path does food take through your digestive system?
mouth  ___________  ___________  small intestine  ____________
8. You are walking down the street when you decide to run. After running for a few minutes, what will
happen to the speed of your pulse?
The speed of my pulse is likely to have ______________.
9. Name 3 wastes produced by your body.
1)___________________, 2)__________________, 3)_________________
10. You stop exercising regularly for 6 months. What is most likely to happen to your resting pulse
(compared to your resting pulse 6 months ago)?
Because I stopped exercising, my resting pulse will probably ____________.
11. Describe how the human body is organized, from the smallest to largest structure?
Organelle  Cell  __________  __________  __________  _________
12. You have a headache and decide to take some medicine. What would be trade-off of taking medicine
to treat your headache?
A trade-off of taking medicine is that I might experience ______________, such as
stomach pain or nausea.
UNIT C: “Micro-Life”
True or False – Circle true if the statement is true. If the statement is false, write a
statement with the correct answer on the line.
13. The following microbes in order from smallest to largest are: bacteria, virus, protist.
True/False__________________________________________________________
14. Bacteria can be found only in dirt and soil
True/False__________________________________________________________
15. Infectious diseases cannot be caused by genes; they are caused by microbes.
True/False__________________________________________________________
16. Three basic functions that a cell performs are respiration, taking in nutrients, and producing wastes.
True/False__________________________________________________________
17. Cancer, diabetes, and asthma are all examples of infectious diseases.
True/False__________________________________________________________
18. When you use a microscope, you should always carry it with 2 hands and turn off the light when you are finished
using it.
True/False__________________________________________________________
19. Quarantine is sometimes used to prevent the spread of an infectious disease. A trade-off of using quarantine
is that people with a disease get to keep their freedom.
True/False__________________________________________________________
20. The “Germ Theory of Disease” is the idea that infectious diseases are caused by genes.
True/False__________________________________________________________
21. Substances pass in and out of a cell through the ribosomes.
True/False__________________________________________________________
22. All cells look the same and perform the same function. The shape of a cell is not related to its function.
True/False__________________________________________________________
23. One of the most effective ways you can prevent the spread of infectious disease is to wash your hands.
True/False__________________________________________________________
24. Antibiotics can be used to kill only living mibrobes (bacteria and protists); it cannot kill viruses.
True/False__________________________________________________________
25. According to the graph above, the number of people infected with this disease over time decreased.
True/False__________________________________________________________
UNIT D: “Our Genes”
Matching: Write the letter of the correct answer in the blank.
Question
Answer Choices
26. ____ The father of Genetics is
a. recessive
27. ____ Where are genes located?
28. ____ The gene that always shows itself is called
** Albinism (albino) is a recessive
trait. Both parents are
heterozygous (Aa) for the trait. If
you are heterozygous (Aa), you will
not show the trait. Complete the
punnett square and then answer
questions 29-31.
b. similar
c. on chromosomes, in DNA, in the nucleus of
the cell
d. some plants, bacteria, and yeast
e. Gregor Mendel
29. ____ How many offsprings are dominant?
30. ____ How many offspring are recessive?
f. dominant
31. ____ What are the chances the offspring will be albino?
g. three
32. ____ Offspring of sexual reproduction will look ____ to
the parents.
h. all/one
33. ____ Traits can be determined by genes or by the
34. ____ Offspring of asexual reproduction get ___ of their
genetic material from ___ parent.
35. ____ Name 3 organisms that reproduce asexually.
i. dogs, some plants, humans
j. twenty-five percent or one out of four
k. half/each
36. ____ Name 3 organisms that reproduce sexually.
37. ____ Offspring of sexual reproduction get ____ of their
genetic material from _____ parents.
38. ____ Name 2 trade-offs in choosing to have genetic
testing.
Use this pedigree chart to answer
questions 39 and 40.
Individuals with the trait are shown
with shading.
39. ____ By studying the diagram above, you will see the trait
skips a generation. You can conclude that the trait is
40. ____The gene that gets covered by another gene is called
l. you may not be able to get insurance, and you
may have to restrict your activity
m. one
n. recessive
o. environment
UNIT E: “ECOLOGY”
Fill in the missing information (Vocabulary Term, Definition, or Picture)
#
Vocabulary Term
Definition
Picture/Example
A species that is introduced into an
ecosystem and has a negative impact
on it.
Nile Perch, Zebra Mussels
41.
42.
A forest ecosystem can support 1 bear, 47
deer, 78 rabbits, and 98 species of plants.
Carrying capacity
43.
Decomposers
Organisms that get food by breaking
down dead organisms and waste
material. They add nutrients to the
soil.
44.
Predator
And
Prey
and
45.
Organisms that get food/energy from
eating other living things.
46.
The number of ladybugs living in my garden.
Population
The number of fox in a forest.
47.
Process by which plants make their
own food.
Carbon Dioxide + Water
Energy
 glucose + oxygen
48.
Food Chain
A way of showing the food
relationships among a small group of
organisms. It starts with a producer.
49.
Food Web
50.
The original source of energy for all
ecosystems on Earth.
51.
Living and non-living things in an
environment, together with their
interactions.
52.
Producer
Plants, algae and plankton
UNIT F: “Evolution”
Answer Each Question
53. Define “Diversity of species”: ______________________________________________
54. Name 5 things that could cause the extinction of a species:
1.
4.
2.
5.
3.
Mark each statement as either TRUE or FALSE.
55. Millions of species of organisms live on Earth.
56. Organisms have evolved only over the last few hundred years.
57. Many species that have lived on Earth no longer exist.
58. Species that are endangered have a high risk of becoming extinct.
________
________
________
________
59. Which of these are fossils? (Circle Yes or No)
Footprint
Yes / No
Tooth
Yes / No
Bones
Yes / No
Rock
Yes / No
Use the stratographic column below to answer questions 60-61
‹— Plants
‹— Fish
‹— Shells
60. What evidence does the diagram above show? ________________________
61. Based on evidence in the diagram above, the organism that lived most recently is the
____________________________.
62. Name the organism that has survived the longest on our planet. _____________________
63. Name two observations can you make about fossilized footprints?
1) __________________________ 2)______________________________
64. List organisms from youngest to oldest. (fish, bird, bacteria, mammals)
65. Name 2 scientists that contributed to the evolutionary theory.
1. ___________________ 2. ________________
66. According to geological evidence, the earth is ____________ years old.
Use the following paragraph to answer 67-70:
A population of birds eats the green moths that live in a pine forest. Every so often,
the green moths have a brown offspring. The brown moths are usually seen more
quickly by the birds and eaten sooner.
67. The fact that the brown moths are easier to see and are less likely to survive as a result is
known as ____________________ selection.
Mark each “True” or “False.”
68. The brown moths are probably a result of a mutation.
_______
69. The brown moths increase the variation within the moth population. _______
70. Why do the green moths survive in the forest? _______________________
______________________________________________________________
71. Mutations are always/sometimes/never helpful.
72. Charles Darwin developed his theories based on his work with _________________ on the
________________ Islands.
73. Bringing an extinct species back to life is not yet possible. Still, some people would like to
see it happen because the species could be a source of new information. What is a trade-off of
such a decision? _________________________________________________________.
74. Over long periods of time, some species have become extinct, while new species have
descended from earlier species. These changes over time are known as ________________.
75. A woman lifts weights and exercises until she is very muscular. She works out with the hope
that her children will also be very strong. What is wrong with her thinking?
_______________________________________________________________________
76. Variation is the result of randomly occurring _________________________ (changes in
DNA that change the traits of organisms).
Mark each “True” or “False.”
77. The more similar the DNA, the less closely related the organisms. ______
78. The more similar the DNA, the more closely related the organisms. ______
79. The more different the DNA, the more closely related the organisms. ____
80. Where are we located in the Universe or what is our “address” in the Universe?
Planet:
__________ System
__________
Galaxy
__________
(aka Cosmos)
Give 3 descriptions of each of the 5 classes of chordates in the Animal Kingdom.
81. Fish ______________________________________________________
82. Amphibians _________________________________________________
83. Reptiles ___________________________________________________
84. Birds _____________________________________________________
85. Mammals __________________________________________________
86. You enter your science classroom and notice some supplies and equipment set up on your
table. You should ___________________________________.
If a new student joins our class, name 4 lab safety rules that we must maintain in our labs to be
safe.
87. _________________________________________________________
88. _________________________________________________________
89. _________________________________________________________
90. _________________________________________________________
For 91-100, name the contribution that the scientist made (What did he/she do that
contributed to our understanding of the world?)
#
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
Scientist
Dr. Joseph Goldberger
Louis Pasteur
Alexander Fleming
Robert Hooke
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Florence Nightingale
Gregor Mendel
Antoine Marfan
Carl Linnaeus
Charles Darwin
Contribution