Analytix 3/2015 - Sigma

Transcription

Analytix
Issue 3 • 2015
NEW HYDRANAL® Certified Reference
Materials for Water Analysis
•• Unique CRMs for Karl Fischer Titration
•• Calibration Solutions for Mass Spec
•• Ginsenoside Standards
•• Labeled Pesticide Standards
•• Pharmacopeia Reference Standards
•• Tryptamine Analysis
•• Derivatization Reagents for LC-MS
•• Dissolution Media acc. to Ph.Eur.&USP
•• Handheld Fluorometers
2
Editorial
Buying Analytical Standards and CRMs is a Matter of Trust
Dear Customer,
It has been several years since our facility in Buchs, Switzerland, was accredited according to the highest achievable quality level for producers of Certified Reference Materials (CRMs). This combined
accreditation according to ISO/IEC 17025 and ISO Guide 34 is also called the “Gold Standard Accreditation”. A new series of inorganic CRMs for AAS, IC and ICP was launched under the TraceCERT® brand
representing traceable and certified calibration materials. In the meantime, our effort to expand
our CRM offering has accelerated. Two companies with double accreditation have been acquired:
Cerilliant in Round Rock, Texas, and RTC in Laramie, Wyoming, are now also part of Sigma-Aldrich®.
In 2011, we achieved double accreditation for our site in Bellefonte, Pennsylvania, and within all
four sites, the scope for CRM production has constantly been extended. New technologies such
as high-performance quantitative NMR have been developed at the highest metrological level,
and a new generation of neat organic CRMs is now available to the analytical community.
Michael Weber
Director, Marketing and R&D
[email protected]
It is now my pleasure to announce that we also have achieved double accreditation for our site in
Seelze, Germany, where our Karl Fischer Hydranal® products are produced. This important milestone now allows us to introduce the first commercially available ready-to-use CRMs for water
determination.
So as you can see, we constantly expand our CRM offering and improve quality to make sure that
your analytical results are always reliable and traceable to internationally accepted references. We
are doing this since we truly believe that buying analytical standards and CRMs is a matter of trust.
With kind regards,
Michael Weber
Director, Marketing and R&D
[email protected]
Analytix is published five times per year by Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH,
MarCom Europe, Industriestrasse 25, CH-9471 Buchs SG, Switzerland
Publisher: Sigma-Aldrich Marketing Communications Europe
Publication Manager: Michael Jeitziner
Editor: Daniel Vogler
sigma-aldrich.com/analytix
Feature Article
4
NEW HYDRANAL® Certified Reference
Materials for Water Analysis
How to Make your Karl Fischer Results
Even More Reliable
Standards
Chromatography
17
NEW IC-Certified Eluent Concentrates
Binary Concentrates for Metrohm® Applications
Events
19BERM
9
Calibration Solutions and Test Standards
for Mass Spectrometry
New Products for LC-MS and MALDI-MS Available
Spectroscopy
18
10
Separation of Ginsenosides in Panax
Quinquefolius (American Ginseng)
Chromatographic Application and
Analytical Standards
Chemical Derivatization Reagents for LC-MS
Enhancing Ionization to Lower Analyte Detectability
20
NEW TraceSELECT® Products
and Packaging Options
High-Purity Digestion Reagents for ICP
and AAS Methods
21
Handheld Fluorometers and Kits
(FluoroSELECT™)
For Food and Environmental Analysis
12
NEW Organic Certified Reference Materials
Available!
The TraceCERT® Product Line Keeps Expanding
13
NEW Isotope-Labeled Pesticide Standards
14
Pharmaceutical Reference Materials
Primary and Secondary Standards
16
A Tryptamine Comeback:
Interest Beyond Illicit Use
Solution-Certified Reference Materials
of Tryptamines
Labware
22
Timestrip® – The Smart Way to Measure
Time and Temperature
Get Control over Time and Temperature
Wet Chemistry
23
Media Concentrates for Dissolution Tests
Ph. Eur. and USP Compliant Concentrates
for 6, 10 and 25 Liter Target Volume
sigma-aldrich.com/analytix
Table of Contents
3
Back to Table of Contents
4
NEW HYDRANAL® Certified Reference Materials for Water Analysis
How to Make your Karl Fischer Results Even More Reliable
Feature Article
Andrea Felgner, Market Segment Manager [email protected]
Jürg Wüthrich, Principal Scientist R&D Europe
Certified reference materials
(CRM) serve as reference points
that are traceable to another
internationally accepted standard, like a CRM from a metrological institute, or, even better, directly to an SI unit. CRM
should not only be traceable
to an accepted reference, but
also have a well-defined mass
fraction and a properly calculated measurement uncertainty. This information should be reported in a detailed
certificate.
tent by Karl Fischer (KF) titration: NIST SRM 2890 (Water saturated 1-Octanol, 47.3 ± 1.0 mg/g) and NMIJ CRM 4222-a
(Water in Mesitylene, 134 mg/kg ± 4 mg/kg).
We know that our customers’ results are directly affected by
the quality of the CRM they use. The choice of the right
CRM producer is a matter of trust. One important indicator
of the technical and administrative competence of a CRM
producer is its inspection and accreditation by an independent authority. The ISO Guide 34 [1] (General requirements
for the competence of reference material producers) in
combination with ISO/IEC 17025[2] (General requirements
for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories)
represents the highest achievable level of quality assurance
and is also called the “Gold Standard” for CRM producers.
Hydranal – a Track Record of Quality
Since the beginning of our Hydranal product line over 35
years ago, the Hydranal Technical Service Laboratory in
Seelze, Germany, has applied a high standard for production
and quality control of KF reagents and water standards.
These high-quality testing capabilities led to accreditation
according to ISO/IEC 17025 in 2009. Since that time we have
continuously improved our processes, and by the end of
2014, we were audited by DAkkS (Germany’s National
Accreditation Body) and received accreditation as a CRM
producer under ISO Guide 34. With this accreditation we join
a select group of institutes and companies worldwide that
are working at this level of certified quality.
References for Calibration and Quality Control
For Karl Fischer titration, which is the most widely used
method for water determination, a known amount of water
is used in a well-defined reference. Such water standards
have been commercially available now for many years.
They are used for calibration, validation and control of analytical instruments and reagents. Nowadays, the required
quality of measurement results is increasing continually,
driven by regulatory authorities and the general demand of
users or markets. Therefore more and more laboratories are
acquiring an ISO/IEC 17025 accreditation and these labs
especially demonstrate their measurement performance
and the traceability of their results by use of CRM. Furthermore, the regulatory bodies demand the use of a CRM provided that there is one available on the market.
It is worth mentioning that many labs use water for the calibration of their instruments. Pure water can represent a
direct link to the SI unit kg and is therefore a suitable calibrator. However, depending on the balance used, the volume
of the burette, the Karl Fischer chemistry (titrant) and the
know-how of the user, it can be a very challenging task to
produce accurate results by calibrating with water. For that
reason, it is recommended that the instrument be calibrated with a CRM that has a much lower water content.
Until now, commercially available water standards for KF
titration have had either no specified quality or were only
tested under ISO/IEC 17025. However, these products are not
CRM and do not comply with the ISO Guide 34 requirements.
Bulk Production
Filling in Final Containers
Sampling
Additional Traceability Checks
NIST SRM 2890 and
Primary Measurement (Coulometry)
Content Determination
Homogeneity Testing
Minimum Sample Amount
Accelerated Stability Test (AST)
Certified Value & Uncertainty
Review and Certification
Long-term Stability Test (LTS)
In terms of confidence, the CRM from the National Metrology
Institutes (NMI) are the most accepted among customers. To
our best knowledge, only the National Institute of Standards
and Technology (NIST) and the National Metrology Institute
of Japan (NMIJ) provide appropriate materials for water con-
sigma-aldrich.com/hydranal
Certified Reference Material
according to
ISO/IEC 17025 and ISO Guide 34
Figure 1 General flowchart for the certification process of
Hydranal CRM
5
General Requirements for CRM Producers
It is now accepted by all signatories to the International
Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation (ILAC) Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA), that CRM producers need to
be accredited to ISO Guide 34 in combination with ISO/IEC
17025. ISO Guide 34 also includes the requirement to follow
ISO Guide 31[3] (Reference materials – Contents of certificates and labels) as well as ISO Guide 35[4] (Reference materials – General and statistical principles for certification). In
addition to organization and management requirements
according to ISO 9001, there are several topics that are crucial for ISO/IEC 17025 compliance, including:
ISO Guide 34 outlines the quality system requirements
under which a CRM is produced and deals with aspects
regarding:
•• Production planning and control
•• Maintenance of a suitable environment
•• Starting material selection and processing
•• Assignment of a property value (water content), its
uncertainty and traceability
•• Assessment of homogeneity and stability
•• Assurance of adequate packaging and storage
•• Issue of certificates or documents
The flowchart (Figure 1) shows the individual steps from
the bulk material to the final CRM in the designated container. More details about the general production and certification process are given in the following paragraphs.
•• Instrument qualification
•• Validation of analytical method
•• Traceability statement
•• Evaluation of measurement uncertainty
•• Education of personnel
•• Periodic participation in proficiency testing to demonstrate technical capability
Mass of Reference
(mRef )
Water Content of
Reference (wRef)
Volume Titrant for
Reference (VRef)
Impurity
Calibration
Temperature
End Point
Water Content of CRM
(wchar)
Impurity
Volume (Ref)
Calibration
Temperature
Volume (CRM)
End Point
Mass of CRM
(mCRM)
Volume Titrant for CRM
(VCRM)
Repeatability
Figure 2 Cause-effect diagram (also called Ishikawa or fish bone
diagram) for the volumetric KF titration
Feature Article
We are pleased to present the first series of Hydranal CRM
under the TraceCERT® brand. These CRM are produced and
certified under ISO Guide 34 in combination with ISO/IEC
17025, using volumetric or coulometric KF titration. The
products are supplied with a printed certificate containing
a certified value, comprehensive documentation, proper
uncertainty calculation, lot-specific values, expiration date
and storage information.
6
Content Determination
The cause-and-effect diagram in Figure 2 shows the individual uncertainty contributions for the volumetric KF titration.
We optimized the method in such a way that any influences
from the calibration factor and linearity of the burette (volume dosing), end point detection, and possible impurities
from the chemicals could be disregarded. Temperature
effects, influences from weighing, repeatability and other
sources of bias were minimized as much as possible. All
these efforts resulted in a typical relative uncertainty, e.g.,
for sodium tartrate dihydrate in the range of 0.2% to 0.3%.
Feature Article
In our measurement setup, the major uncertainty contribution comes from the weighing of the reference (see Figure 3).
We use a glass syringe for the weighing of 80–90 mg water
on a Mettler-Toledo balance AX205DR. The non-linearity of
the balance dominates the overall measurement uncertainty.
Reducing the weight of water down to 30 mg, which is
quite common in the user community, would increase the
repeatability (Rep) as experimental standard deviation and
the uncertainty of the mass of reference u(mRef ) dramatically. The risk of bias would also increase, and therefore we
do not recommend calibrating KF instruments with such
low amounts of water.
Traceability of the Certified Value
As described above, there are already internationally accepted
reference materials available for the calibration of KF titrators,
e.g., from NIST or NMIJ. But in addition to a relatively high
price, these CRM also have quite a high measurement uncertainty. Because of this high uncertainty, we decided to make
our CRM traceable to high-purity water instead of a direct
measurement to the NIST SRM 2890. Nevertheless, the measurement result of every single production lot is verified
against the NIST SRM 2890 and the result has to be confirmed
within the stated uncertainty.
The current guidelines about establishing traceability (e.g.,
the Eurachem/CITAC Guide: Traceability in Chemical Measurement[5]) describe the calibration with high-purity materials of well-established purity as an accepted concept for
the realization of traceability to an SI unit. Our high-purity
water reference is analyzed for all metallic impurities, the
most relevant anions and organics using ICP-MS, IC and
HPLC. The water content is calculated as 100% minus the
sum of impurities, whereas for impurities (i,unfound) below
the detection limit (DL), a contribution of half of the detection limit was considered. The corresponding combined
uncertainty is given in the equation below (where wi,found =
mass fraction of found impurity i).
( w) =
u 2 (Rep
CRM )
u 2 (Rep
Ref )
√
∑
(
2
,
) +
∑
(
2
,
2
)
Why is the water content of the sodium tartrate dihydrate
CRM not analyzed by loss on drying (LOD)? LOD is a good
measurement method in terms of precision and measurement uncertainty, but unfortunately it is not a selective
method. That means that not only water, but all volatile
substances would be measured, and to achieve complete
dryness without cracking the molecule is a challenging
task. There is a high potential to generate a bias using LOD.
u 2 (V Temp,CRM )
u 2 (V Temp,Ref )
u 2 (mCRM )
u 2 (mRef )
u 2 (mRef,bias )
u 2 (w Ref )
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Figure 3 Relative uncertainty contributions for the volumetric KF
titration of sodium tartrate dihydrate. The measurements are carried
out in an optimized design (for minimum uncertainty) and are
traceable to high-purity water as reference.
Homogeneity Testing
Even when a material is expected to be homogeneous, as
in the case of solutions or highly purified substances, an
assessment of the homogeneity is required. There is an
experimental limit to the detection of inhomogeneity, and
the measurement method with best repeatability should
be used. Drift during the measurements, overly small sample amounts and an insufficient repeatability of the method
can lead to an overestimation of the inhomogeneity of the
material.
For Hydranal CRM Water Standard 10.0 the homogeneity of
the filled units is established in parallel with the assignment
of the property value by volumetric KF titrations using
7
If there is no trend detectable in the filling sequence using
statistical trend analysis, the data set is used for a one-way
analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results from ANOVA are
then considered for the uncertainty contribution (uhom) due
to inhomogeneity of the CRM.
hom =
MSamong:
MSwithin:
n: √
among
−
n
within
Mean square between the units
Mean square within one unit
Number of measurements within one unit
In cases where ANOVA shows a negative value for experimental reasons, the sum of the between unit deviation plus
the standard deviation of the mean can be included as
maximum uncertainty contribution from inhomogeneity.
15.76
15.74
15.72
Mas s F rac tion / %
15.70
15.68
15.66
15.64
15.62
15.60
0
50
100
150
200
250
Days
Figure 4 Graph from an ongoing stability study for sodium tartrate
dihydrate (P/N 34424). Data points from the AST (50 °C), calculated
to the corresponding time at 22 °C, and LTS (22 °C) are combined.
The error bars represent standard deviations (n=8).
Minimum Sample Amount
As a result of these considerations about inhomogeneity,
ISO Guide 34 prescribes the determination of a minimum
weight for the use of a CRM. The minimum sample amount
is determined in test series using different sample weights.
For solids, a minimum value is given in the certificate,
whereas for solutions it is assumed that the material is perfectly homogeneous within one unit, and therefore no recommendations are made. If a sample size below the minimum weight is used, this is not covered by the given
measurement uncertainty.
Stability Study Scheme
ISO Guide 34 clearly states the requirements for stability
testing and also refers to ISO Guide 35 for further details.
The evaluation of measurement data as described in the
guidelines covers only apparently stable materials. In case
of detectable degradation, both the degradation and its
uncertainty shall be included in the stability assessment. A
distinction is made between “short-term stability”, which
can be described as the stability under specified transport
conditions, and “long-term stability”, which is the stability
under particular storage conditions.
The stability studies for the Hydranal CRM are designed in
such a way that they yield sufficient data for answering
questions about the long-term stability at the defined storage temperature and about the maximum impact on the
CRM during transport conditions, and provide data for an
appropriate estimation of the shelf life. In contrast to the
recommendations in ISO Guide 35, where short-term stability tests are typically carried out for only a few weeks, an
accelerated stability test (AST) is used, designed to give
results over a prolonged period of time. It is an advantage
of such a design that the accelerated study detects instabilities better than the long-term stability study (LTS) at
storage temperature. It can also give earlier predictions
about the stability model (stable, linear, exponential or
autocatalytic degradation). Stability study samples are analyzed at different points in time, meaning that several
months can elapse between two measurement values.
Therefore the reproducibility of the measurement method
is of primary importance, and this is indeed given for the
optimized KF methods used in the Hydranal lab.
The AST is usually performed at 50 °C. Different production
lots were tested in parallel at defined time points. The LTS is
performed in parallel at room temperature and for a longer
time period, which covers the entire shelf life of the CRM.
When AST and LTS data indicate a sufficient CRM stability,
the shelf life can be estimated using AST data and the
Arrhenius equation, where a reduction in storage temperature by 10 °C results in a prolongation of the shelf life of two
Feature Article
twelve samples that are taken from the entire production
lot of about 11,600 ampoules. For solids like sodium tartrate
dihydrate, a slightly inhomogeneous distribution of the
water is possible over the whole batch, caused by crystallized or amorphous material and grain size distribution,
which contributes to a larger inhomogeneity. Therefore
twelve samples are taken from the entire production lot of
about 500 bottles, measuring two samples per bottle by
volumetric KF titration.
8
Uncertainty Evaluation
The certified value of a CRM (w CRM) can be described as
wCRM = wchar + whom + wstab
Feature Article
wchar represents the assigned value obtained from the characterization of the reference material (water content), whom
denotes an uncertainty contribution due to the possible
inhomogeneity, and wstab is an uncertainty contribution due
to stability testing (short-term and long-term). The homogeneity and stability studies are designed in such a way
that the values of these terms are zero, but their uncertainties are usually not. The combined standard uncertainty of
the certified value (uCRM) is then calculated according to the
EURACHEM/CITAG Guide ‘Quantifying Uncertainty in Analytical Measurement’[6]:
=
times (estimated stability = accelerated stability x 2∆T/10). For
example, when a CRM shows no degradation after 6 months
at 50 °C, it can be assumed that the material is stable for at
least 41 months at 22 °C.
For a perfectly stable CRM, all recorded stability values
would lie within the expanded measurement uncertainty
of the certified value, and therefore no correction for possible instability is needed. Nevertheless, AST and LTS data are
used for the estimation of uncertainty contribution coming
from storage, ustab, which is included in the overall measurement uncertainty.
√
2
char
+
2
hom
+
The expanded measurement uncertainty, covering a confidence interval of 95%, is then calculated by UCRM = uCRM • k,
using a coverage factor k = 2.
References
[1] ISO Guide 34:2009, General requirements for the competence of
reference material producers
[2] ISO/IEC 17025:2005, General requirements for the
competence of testing and calibration laboratories
[3] ISO Guide 31:2000, Reference materials – Contents of
certificates and labels
[4] ISO Guide 35:2006, Reference materials – General and
statistical principles for certification
[5] Eurachem/CITAC Guide: Traceability in Chemical
Measurement, First edition. 2003.
[6] Ellison, S. L. R.; Williams, A.; (Eds). Eurachem/CITAC Guide:
Quantifying Uncertainty in Analytical Measurement, Third
edition. 2012 ISBN 978-0-948926-30-3.
Cat. No.
Brand
Description
Package Size
34424
Fluka®
Hydranal CRM Sodium tartrate dihydrate
10 g in glass bottle
34425
Fluka
Hydranal CRM Water Standard 10.0
10 x 8 mL ampoule
34426
Fluka
Hydranal CRM Water Standard 1.0
10 x 4 mL ampoule
Hydranal Technical Service
For more information and questions on KF titration, applications or reagents, visit our website
sigma-aldrich.com/hydranal or contact our Hydranal laboratories at [email protected]
2
stab
9
Calibration Solutions and Test Standards for Mass Spectrometry
New Products for LC-MS and MALDI-MS Available
still remain the same for all mass spectrometers of any age.
They all have to be checked regularly for sensitivity, mass
precision and resolution. In some cases, this is done automatically during start-up of the instrument. Sodium and
cesium iodide clusters (Fluka 14379), e.g., Na2I+, Na3I2+, etc.
are used to test and re-calibrate quadrupole instruments
because of the wide span of stable signals up to 2000 m/z.
Lithium formate solutions, on the other hand, can be introduced as internal standards after a chromatographic separation (Figure 1), which can be helpful by providing the
ability to re-calibrate the data during data analysis.
In the previous issue of Analytix, we presented new MALDI
calibration standards. Table 1 contains additional test and
calibration standards for LC-MS and MALDI-MS.
Figure 1 Calibration of the mass-to-charge ratio with lithium
formate. The calibration solution is introduced into the MS via the
divert valve after the chromatographic run. Lithium formate is
suitable for small molecules and analysis which may be impeded
by sodium adduct formation.
Mass spectrometry is currently one of the most versatile
and sensitive tools in analytical laboratories and is routinely
used to identify and quantify compounds in any kind of
matrix. Although a lot of work has been done to improve
and simplify the workflow in LC-MS, some basic operations
Cat. No. Brand
Description
03565
Fluka®
MALDI validation set polystyrene
03597
Fluka
MALDI validation set PS, PMMA, PDMS, PEG and
PSS Mp 5'000-20'000 certified according to DIN
03598
Fluka
MALDI validation set polyethylene glycol
82207
Fluka
Polyethylene glycol sulfate
57513
Fluka
OQ/PV and Installation Kit for API MS
66023
Fluka
ESI-TOF Tuning Mix
14379
Fluka
MS calibration solution (Sodium iodide)
00036
Fluka
ESI Tuning Mix, for Ion Trap
43575
Fluka
4-Nitrophenol, stock solution for MS
49053
Fluka
4-Nitrophenol, working solution for MS
43530
Fluka
Reserpine, analytical standard, for LC-MS
97574
Fluka
Sodium formate solution, for LC-MS
01886
Fluka
Lithium formate solution, for LC-MS
91296
Fluka
Installation kit solariX MS
Cat. No.
Brand
Product Name
Mol. Wt. Range
Description
PFS11
Fluka®
SpheriCal® Mix – Peptide Low Range
500 – 1600 Da
PFS12
Fluka
SpheriCal Mix – Peptide Medium Range
1600 – 3500 Da
9-Nitroanthracene:
Na+ (Matrix: Counter Ion)
Package Size
5 mg
5 mg
PFS13
Fluka
SpheriCal Mix – Peptide High Range
3500 – 7500 Da
5 mg
PFS14
Fluka
SpheriCal Mix – Protein Low Range
7500 – 15000 Da
5 mg
PFS15
Fluka
SpheriCal Mix - Protein Medium Range
15000 – 30000 Da
PFS20
Fluka
SpheriCal Neat – Peptide Low
500 – 1600 Da
5 mg
Dry Solid
50 µg
PFS21
Fluka
SpheriCal Neat – Peptide Medium
1600 – 3500 Da
50 µg
PFS22
Fluka
SpheriCal Neat – Peptide High
3500 – 7500 Da
50 µg
PFS23
Fluka
SpheriCal Neat – Protein Low
7500 – 15000 Da
50 µg
PFS24
Fluka
SpheriCal Neat – Protein Medium
15000 – 30000 Da
50 µg
PFS30
Fluka
SpheriCal Aqua Neat – Peptide Low
500 – 1000 Da
PFS31
Fluka
SpheriCal Aqua Neat – Peptide Medium
1000 – 2300 Da
Dry Solid
50 µg
50 µg
PFS32
Fluka
SpheriCal Aqua Neat – Peptide High
2300 – 5200 Da
50 µg
PFS33
Fluka
SpheriCal Aqua Neat – Protein Low
5200 – 10700 Da
50 µg
sigma-aldrich.com/maldimatrix
Standards
Rudolf Koehling, Senior Scientist R&D [email protected]
Jens Boertz, Product Manager Analytical Reagents [email protected]
10
Separation of Ginsenosides in Panax Quinquefolius (American Ginseng)
Chromatographic Application and Analytical Standards
Hugh Cramer, Application Scientist [email protected]
Matthias Nold, Product Manager Analytical Standards [email protected]
Belonging to the plant genus panax, ginseng is one of the
most well-known herbal medicines. It has been used in
traditional Chinese medicine for centuries, but has also
become very popular in the Western world. Medicines
derived from the ginseng root are used in the treatment or
prevention of many health problems including anxiety,
asthma, diabetes, headache, stress, depression and erectile
dysfunction, among many others.
HO
O
O
Standards
O
O
The unique compounds ofOHpanax
are
saponin triterpenoid
OH
C H3
OH
C H3
OH
glycosides, called ginsenosides.
effects
in
OH OH Their potential
H
OH
C H3
humans are being studied intensively.
C H3 C H3 H
HO
H
OH
O
O
HO
H
C H3
H 3C
O
O
HO
H O OH
OH
HO
C H3
O
O
HO
Ginsenoside RB
O
OH
1
OH
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OH
C H 3OH COH
H3 H
OH
H
C H3 C H
OH
O
O
C H3
H
H3
O
OH
O
O
O
H 3C
OH
H
C H3
OH
CH
C H 33
H O
H 3 C H 3CCH 3
OH
H
O
OH
C H3
H
C H3
3 C HOH
3 H
HO
OH
H
C H3
H
HO
H 3C C H 3
H O OH
C H3
OH
O
HO
C H3
O
HO
HO
O
H O OH
OH
OH
HO
1
C H3
H
H3
C H3
C H3
C H3
H
HO
O
HO
O
OH
C H3
OH
O
H 3C
O
H
C H3 C H
3
HO
OH
O
HO
Ginsenoside RD
HO
HO
O
OH
O
OH
OH
HO
C H3
OH
C H3 H
H
C H3
OH
HO
C H3
C H3
H 3C
OH
H 3C
C H3
C H3
OH
C H3
HO
O
HO
HO
O H 3C
O
O
OH
O
OH
OH
Figure 1 Chemical structures of the analyzed ginsenosides
OH
C H3
H 3C
O
C H3
C H3
OH
OH
H
C H3 O
OH
O
OH
Ginsenoside Rg
OH
OH
Ginsenoside Rg
1
OH
1
OH
OH
OH H O
O
HO C H3
Ginsenoside
Rc
C H3
O
O
HO
HO
OH
O
OH
OH
Ginsenoside Rf
OH
HO
OH
HO
O
O
H 3C
OH
H
C H3
C H3
OH
C H3
HO
H 3C
C H3
C H3
H
C H3
H
OH
OH
OH
OH
Ginsenoside Rf
Ginsenoside Rf
CH
O
O3 C H 3 H
C H3
H 3C
OH
C H3
H
H
HO
OH C H 3
H
C H 3H 3 CC H 3C H 3HO
OH
H
HO
OH
O
O
H 3C
OH OH
H
HO
HO
OH
H 3C
C H3
OH
O H 3 C OC H 3
O
H 3C
OH
OH
CO
H3
HO
HO
C H3
C H3
C H3
H 3C
HO
HO
C H3
H
C H3
OH
OH
HO
GinsenosideOH
Rf
Ginsenoside Re
C H3 H
H
Ginsenoside Re
OH
OH
Ginsenoside
Re
C H3
C H3
OH
C H3
H 3C
C H3
C H3
O
O
OH
H 3C
C H3
H
OH
Ginsenoside
Rc
H
C H3 O
H 3C
O
H O OH
O
O
O
H 3C
O
OH
HOH
OH
C H3
Ginsenoside Re
sigma-aldrich.com/panax
HO
OH
H
OH
OH
O
OH
OH
Ginsenoside RB
Ginsenoside RD
OH
O
OH
HO
H O OH
OH
Ginsenoside RB 1
OH
C H3
Ginsenoside RB 2
O
OH
OH
O C H3 C H3 H
OH
HO
Ginsenoside RB 1
OH
OH
O
C H3
H
OH
O
OH
H O OH
O
H
1
2 OH
H
C
C
H
O
O O
3
3
O
HO
HO
OH
OH
HO
O
OH
O
OH
OH
CRB
H3
Ginsenoside
O
HO
OH
2
C H3
H O OH
HO
OH
O
O
O
OH
OH
O
H
OH
C
H
H
C
3
OH
3
CH
OH
OH
C H 33
OH
C H3
H
OH
O
O
C H 3 COH
H3 H
OH
H
H 3C C H 3
HO
OH
OH
OH
C H3
C H 3H 3 C
H
H
HO
H
C H3 C H
HO
OH
3 C H3 H
O
O
O
O
H H C H3 C H H C
OH
OH
H C H3
O
3 3
3
H
HO
OH
H
C H3
OH
OH
HO
H 3C C H 3
OH H O
HO
OH
H OO
OOH
H
H
O
H
C HC3H 3
H 3C C H 3
O
H O OH
O
O
H
OH
H 3C C H 3
OH
C H3O C H3 H
OH H O
O
O
O
O
O
H
O
C H3
H 3OC
H 3C
H 3C C H 3 C H 3
H O OH
O
OH
HO
OH OH
OH Ginsenoside
OH
H
C H 3 RD
Ginsenoside
Rc
H
H
O
OH
C H3
CH
OH O
OH
HO
OH
3
OH
HO
OHH
Ginsenoside RD
OH
C H 3H 3 CC H 3C H 3HO
C H 3H 3 C
H
Ginsenoside
Rc
O
HO
OH
OH
O
H
C H3
OH
H
C H3
O
OH
HO
OH
OH H O
O
H
H
HO
OH
H
C
C
H
H
C
C
H
O
3
3
O
O
O
3
3
O
OH
OH
C H3
H
O
OH
H 3 CRB C H 3
O
Ginsenoside
2
O
O
OH
HO
O
O
H
C H3
HO
Ginsenoside RB
RB
OH
OHOH
HO O
OHOH
OH
C H3
O
O
OH
O
O
H 3C C H 3
C H3
OH
O
H
C H3
C H3 H
O
O C H3
O
OH
OH
O
OH OH
H O
OH
OH
OH
HO
C H3
HO
O
O
OH
OH
H
C H3 O
OH
O
OH
OH
Ginsenoside Rg
Ginsenoside Rg1
1
11
3
4
5
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
7
6
2
2
G i ns e nos ide R b1
4
Ginsenoside Rc
G i ns e nos ide R b2
Ginsenoside Rd
0
G ins e nos ide R g1
G e ns e nos ide R e
1
6
8
Ginsenoside Re
Ginsenoside Rg1
Ginsenoside Rf
Ginsenoside Rb1
Ginsenoside Rc
Ginsenoside Rb2
Ginsenoside Rd
10
12
14
Min
Figure 2 Chromatogram of the standard mixture (50 µg/mL each component in 82:18,
water:methanol)
0
2
10
12
4
6
8
Time (min)
Experimental conditions:
column: Ascentis Express C18 15 cm x 4.6 mm,
2.7 µm particle size
mobile phase A:water
mobile phase B:acetonitrile
gradient:
min%A
%B
0
75
1.5 75
13.5 15
14.5 15
flow rate:
1.5 mL/min
temp.:
60 °C
det.:
205 nm
injection:
10 µL
25
25
85
85
14
Extraction method used for ginseng root:
NSF International
ground plant material: 320 mg
(or 36 mg for XRM material)
extraction solvent: 10 mL 50:50, water:ethanol
sonication: 30 min
temperature: 50 °C
Ginsenoside Rc
Gins e nos ide R b2
6
8
Time (min)
Gins e nos ide R b1
4
G ins e nos ide R g1
2
G ins e nos ide R e
0
American ginseng root (Figure 3). The seven targeted analytes are ginsenosides RB1, RB2, Re, Rc, RD, Rf and Rg1 (structures shown in Figure 1). The experimental conditions and
chromatograms are shown below.
10
12
14
Figure 3 Chromatogram of the American ginseng root extract
Cat. No.
Brand
Description
Package
Size
00170580
Fluka®
Ginsenoside Rb1 primary pharmaceutical reference standard 10 mg
41868
Fluka
Ginsenoside Rb2 analytical standard
10 mg
44987
Fluka
Ginsenoside Rc analytical standard
10 mg
10 mg
01518
Fluka
Ginsenoside Rd analytical standard
03000590
Fluka
Ginsenoside Re primary pharmaceutical reference standard 10 mg
01580590
Fluka
Ginsenoside Rf primary pharmaceutical reference standard 10 mg
00370580
Fluka
Ginsenoside Rg1 primary pharmaceutical reference standard 10 mg
G7253
Sigma™
Ginseng root from Panax quinquefolium
(American ginseng)
5g
53829-U
Supelco®
Ascentis Express C18 15 cm x 4.6 mm, 2.7 µm particle size
1 EA
Ginsenoside Standards at Sigma-Aldrich®
Under the Fluka® brand, Sigma-Aldrich offers a wide range
of active components from ginseng, including the seven
ginsenosides described in this article as listed in Table 1.
Find the whole range of ginseng ingredient standards at
sigma-aldrich.com/panax. Some of the ginsenosides are
available as primary pharmaceutical reference standards
manufactured by HWI Analytik using quantitative NMR for
content assignment.
Reference materials for ingredients of many medicinal
plants can be browsed by plant genus on our website
sigma-aldrich.com/medicinalplants
Table 1 Products used
sigma-aldrich.com/panax
Standards
Separation of Ginsenosides in American Ginseng
We achieved a very good separation of seven different ginsenosides using an Ascentis Express C18 column. The application was first optimized using a ginsenoside standard
mixture (Figure 2) and was then applied to a sample of
12
NEW Organic Certified Reference Materials Available!
The TraceCERT® Product Line Keeps Expanding
Matthias Nold, Product Manager Analytical Standards [email protected]
Standards
As we have shown in the two previous issues of Analytix, Sigma-Aldrich®
has highly developed in-house competencies in quantitative NMR
(qNMR). In the first issue of 2015, practical issues of qNMR were highlighted [1]. In issue 2/2015, we presented the use of qNMR for 31P nuclei [2, 3].
One big advantage of quantitative NMR as compared to most other analytical techniques is its independence from the chemical structure, which
allows it to quantitatively compare two different organic molecules. The
Sigma-Aldrich site in Buchs, Switzerland, achieved ISO/IEC 17025 accreditation for qNMR in 2009 and has since developed a considerable portfolio of organic certified reference materials under the TraceCERT brand.
These products are characterized by:
•• Certified content by quantitative NMR (qNMR)
•• Manufactured under ISO/IEC 17025 / ISO Guide 34 double accreditation
•• Superior level of accuracy, calculated uncertainties, and lot-specific
values
•• Traceability to NIST SRM
•• Comprehensive documentation delivered with the product (certification according to ISO Guide 31)
Table 1 shows the newest additions to the TraceCERT portfolio. These
include Michler’s ketone, a synthetic intermediate of many dyes and pigments. Because it is carcinogenic and may be present as an impurity in
some common dyes, it has been added to the ECHA candidate list of
substances of very high concern (SVHC).
Also, two new dinitrophenylhydrazone derivatives of acetone and formaldehyde, respectively, have been added among several other
products.
You can find a list of the complete portfolio of over 180 products at
sigma-aldrich.com/organiccrm
Cat. No.
Brand
Description
Package Size
80025
Fluka®
1-Naphthol
100 mg
36332
Fluka
2-Chlorophenol
100 mg
07846
Fluka
2,4-Dichlorophenol
100 mg
56884
Fluka
2-Ethylanthraquinone
100 mg
01378
Fluka
Acetone-2,4-DNPH
50 mg
79888
Fluka
Carbendazim
50 mg
75565
Fluka
Chloramphenicol
50 mg
59832
Fluka
Dipentyl phthalate
50 mg
92064
Fluka
Dodecane
100 mg
68383
Fluka
Ethyl p-toluenesulfonate
120 mg
56677
Fluka
Formaldehyde-2,4-DNPH
50 mg
06934
Fluka
Methyl octanoate
50 mg
56853
Fluka
Methyl pentadecanoate
50 mg
47147
Fluka
Methyl undecanoate
100 mg
56614
Fluka
Michler’s ketone
(4,4'-bis(dimethylamino)
benzophenone)
100 mg
06859
Fluka
Reserpine
50 mg
06734
Fluka
Tamoxifen
50 mg
67554
Fluka
Thiabendazole
50 mg
Table 1 Recent additions to the organic TraceCERT portfolio
References:
[1] Analytix 01/2015 p. 6 –8.
[2] Analytix 02/2015 p. 4 –6.
[3] Weber, M.; Hellriegel, C.; Rueck, A.; Wuethrich, J.; Jenks, P.; Obkircher, M.
Method development in quantitative NMR towards metrologically
traceable organic certified reference materials used as 31P qNMR standards.
Anal Bioanal Chem, DOI 10.1007/s00216-014-8306-6.
Inorganic Custom Standards manufactured under
ISO/IEC 17025 and ISO Guide 34 accreditation
Inorganic Custom Standards
An Interactive Online Platform
An Interactive
Online Platform
With a few simple mouse clicks, you can define your own multi-component standards for
ICP and IC in TraceCERT® quality, using our Inorganic Custom Standards Online Platform:
sigma-aldrich.com/csp
TraceCERT® standards for AAS, ICP and IC are
Certified Reference Materials fulfilling the highestsigma-aldrich.com/organiccrm
quality standards.* Now we can also offer you a
custom service where you can define your own multi-
For all TraceCERT Custom Standards we guarantee:
• Certification under double accreditation following
ISO/IEC 17025 and ISO Guide 34
13
NEW Isotope-Labeled Pesticide Standards
Eva Katharina Richter, Product Manager Analytical Standards [email protected]
Are you already aware that the Sigma-Aldrich® pesticide
standards product line is one of the most comprehensive
portfolios available on the market? We have more than
1300 high-purity pesticide and pesticide metabolite standards and certified reference materials for food and environmental analysis. For more information, please visit our
webpage available at sigma-aldrich.com/pesticides or
order our brochure at sigma-aldrich.com/lit-request
Pesticides not only have an impact on their target species,
but also on the environment. Since they are widely used in
food production, pesticides need to be monitored to
ensure food safety and environmental protection.
When performing pesticide residue analysis, interference is
a major concern. To determine matrix effects and result bias
due to a loss of the analyte during the workup process, isotope dilution mass spectrometry is often applied. This technique takes advantage of the fact that isotope-labeled
compounds have nearly the same physical properties as
the non-labeled analogs, and thus the same behavior in the
workup and sample preparation process. However, they
can be distinguished in mass spectrometry. Therefore, by
spiking the sample before workup with an isotope-labeled
analog, material loss can be determined and compensated.
Pesticide Standards
For Food & Environmental Analysis
• Neat Standards
• Single and Multi-Component
Solutions
Cat. No.
Description
50728
Acetochlor-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl-d11)
Package Size
5 mg
16966
Aldicarb-(N-methyl-13C,d3 carbamoyl-13C)
5 mg
04175
Aldicarb-(N-methyl-13C,d3, carbamoyl-13C)
sulfoxide
1 mg
51949
Azoxystrobin-(cyanophenoxy-d4)
10 mg
74108
Butachlor-(2,6-diethylphenyl-d13)
5 mg
10 mg
34506
Carbaryl-(methyl-d3)
00291
Chlormequat-1,1,2,2-d4 chloride
12607
Chlortoluron-(N,N-dimethyl-d6)
5 mg
80033
Cyprodinil-(phenyl-d5)
5 mg
5 mg
59824
Dimethoate-(O,O-dimethyl-d6)
34513
Etofenprox-(ethoxy-d5)
10 mg
10 mg
90007
Glyphosate-2-13C
5 mg
90479
Glyphosate-2-13C,15N
5 mg
68696
Hexachlorobenzene-13C6
5 mg
34505
Mecoprop-(4-chloro-2methylphenoxy-d6)
10 mg
78278
Mepiquat iodide-(methyl-d3)
10 mg
37098
Methoxychlor-d14 (bis(4methoxyphenyl-d7))
10 mg
07752
Metolachlor-(2-ethyl-6methylphenyl-d11)
10 mg
34509
Monuron-(dimethyl-d6)
10 mg
94093
Parathion-methyl-d6 (dimethyl-d6)
5 mg
10 mg
34502
Prometryn-(N2-isopropyl-d7)
34483
Propazine-(N2-isopropyl-d7)
10 mg
34503
Secbumeton-(ethyl-d5)
10 mg
55639
Tebuconazole-(tert-butyl-d9)
5 mg
43232
Triazophos-(phenyl-d5)
10 mg
34504
Trietazine-(monoethyl-d5-amino)
10 mg
Table 1 NEW Isotope-labeled pesticide standards
• Certified Reference
Materials (CRMs)
• Matrix CRMs
• Isotopically Labeled
Internal Standards
• Pesticide Metabolite Standards
• Proficiency Testing Materials (PT)
sigma-aldrich.com/pesticides
Standards
We are proud to offer our customers a NEW series of isotope-labeled pesticide standards (Table 1). Our newest
addition includes standards for chlorinated pesticides, carbamates and organophosphates.
14
Pharmaceutical Reference Materials
Primary and Secondary Standards
Standards
Patrick Brumfield, Product Manager [email protected]
Dr. Nicolas J. Hauser, Operations Manager Laramie WY [email protected]
The quality and accuracy of reference materials are essential
to the manufacture of quality medicines and foods. SigmaAldrich® now offers an expanded portfolio of pharmaceutical reference standards in both Primary Pharmacopeial
Standards and Secondary Standards.
Primary Standards
Pharmacopeial Reference Standards (also known as Primary
Standards) are highly-characterized physical specimens
used in testing by pharmaceutical and related industries to
help ensure the identity, strength, quality and purity of
medicines (drugs, biologics and excipients), dietary supplements and food ingredients.
Pharmacopeial Reference Standards are closely tied with
the documentary standards, or monographs, published by
Pharmacopeia. Each standard has a specific designated use
which is to be implemented in accordance with the official
methods prescribed by the corresponding pharmacopeia.
The USP catalog of Reference Standards now consists of
more than 3,300 items ranging from drug substances,
related impurities, residual solvents, biologics, excipients,
botanicals, polymers, near-IR and dissolution calibrators,
photomicrographs and melting point standards.
The European Pharmacopoeia Reference Standards catalog
includes chemical, herbal and biological reference standards
and reference spectra, currently numbering over 2500.
Sigma-Aldrich now offers both the USP and EP Pharmacopeia Reference Standards. These items can be found on our
website at sigma-aldrich.com/pharmaceuticalstandards
sigma-aldrich.com/pharmastandards
Secondary Standards
Although not a Primary or Pharmacopeial Standard, a Secondary Standard is a reference material that is traceable to
and qualified against a primary standard, usually obtained
from a national or international metrology institute or recognized national authority such as the U.S. Pharmacopeial
Convention or the European Pharmacopoeia. Secondary
Standards may be used in place of Primary Standards in
routine analysis, including the analysis and qualification of
drug substances, dosage forms, excipients and impurities
by Compendial methods, as well as R&D, method development, and process and equipment validation studies. The
line of Secondary Standards offered by Sigma-Aldrich is
produced under clean room conditions using appropriate
cGMP procedures, including batch record documentation,
calibration, line clearance, label control, etc. Secondary
Standards are fully characterized ISO Guide 34 Certified Reference Materials that offer complete analytical certification and
direct traceability to primary standards by both comparative
assay (HPLC, GC, UV, etc.) and identity (FTIR, HPLC, etc.) analytical procedures.
Where Primary Standards are available from the different
authorities, traceability of Secondary Standards is maintained to these Primary Standards (typically the USP, EP and
BP), which allows for a single harmonized reference standard that can be used to meet the requirements of the
multiple Compendia.
To see the full library of Pharmaceutical Secondary Standards offered by Sigma-Aldrich, visit our webpage located
at sigma-aldrich.com/pharmastandards
15
Analytical Standards for Flavors & Fragrances
More than 600 Products for Accurate Quality Control!
•• Allergenic compounds
•• Sweeteners
•• Flavor enhancers
•• Fragrance substances used for cosmetic products
Please order our Flavor & Fragrance Standards brochure at sigma-aldrich.com/lit-request
or download at sigma-aldrich.com/flavor
Our portfolio is continuously growing. Find an up-to-date product list of all flavor & fragrance
standards sorted according to their occurrence in food and beverages and listed in alphabetical
order at sigma-aldrich.com/flavor
Flavor & Fragrance
Standards
For the Food and Cosmeti
c Industry
|
Standards
Standardsfor
forPersonal
PersonalCare
Care
Standards
for Personal
Care
and
Cosmetic
Products
and
Cosmetic Products
and Cosmetic Products
ForFor
Beauty
with
Safety
Beauty
with
Safety
For Beauty
with
Safety
For precise quality control of raw materials or formulated personal care and cosmetic products,
we offer analytical standards for several groups of ingredients, including:
••
••
••
••
••
Antibacterial, antifungal substances
Colorants
Emulsifiers, thickeners, opacifiers
Fragrances
Metals
••
••
••
••
••
PAHs
Plasticizers
Preservatives
Propellants
UV blockers
Order our brochure or visit sigma-aldrich.com/cosmetics for an up-to-date product list.
sigma-aldrich.com/standards
Standards
Sigma-Aldrich®’s product offering satisfies the needs of analysts in the food and cosmetic industries.
Our selection includes:
16
A Tryptamine Comeback: Interest Beyond Illicit Use
Solution Certified Reference Materials of Tryptamines
Maximilian Magana, Technical Marketing Specialist [email protected]
Derrell Johnson, Manager, New Product Strategy and Tactical Marketing [email protected]
Standards
researchers to better understand the therapeutic efficacy
of natural tryptamines – like psilocybin and DMT – and their
synthetic analogs in treating disease[4].
Natural and synthetic tryptamines are used recreationally
for their hallucinogenic and stimulant properties. In recent
years, synthetic tryptamine analogs have experienced a
resurgence of abuse. The main drivers for this resurgence
include their ease of availability on clandestine and legal
websites combined with a growing trend among drug
users to vaporize tryptamines using e-cigarette devices[1, 2].
Substituted tryptamine analogs including 5-MeO-DALT,
4-OH-DiPT and 4-AcO-DMT can offer increased potencies
compared to natural tryptamines as a result of functional
group modification[3]. These novel psychoactive substances
(NPS) can be synthesized from naturally-occurring tryptamines, such as N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) or psilocin,
by introducing a methoxy, hydroxy or acetoxy group at the
four or five position of the indole ring. Tryptamines with
substitution at the five position typically possess more hallucinogenic potency than their unsubstituted counterparts
or analogs with indole ring substitutions at the six or seven
positions[3]. 5-MeO-DiPT, for example, is seven times more
potent than DMT [3].
In addition to increasing hallucinogenic potency for illicit
use, structural modification of natural tryptamines also provides opportunities in pharmaceutical drug development
of new therapeutics. Tryptamines have emerged as drug
candidates for managing treatment of anxiety, clinical
depression, cluster headaches and substance abuse disorders [3]. Other potential pharmaceutical applications of
tryptamines include as tools in identifying targets for new
antipsychotic drugs[3].
Pharmacological studies investigating the neurochemical
pathway of tryptamines have shown different levels of agonistic activity upon varying the functional group at the five
position of the indole ring[4]. These types of studies are
essential to tryptamine drug development, allowing
sigma-aldrich.com/cerilliant
Mass spectrometry-based techniques are used for the
screening and confirmatory analysis of tryptamine analogs
in applications ranging from clinical toxicology and forensic
analysis to pharmaceutical research. Natural and synthetic
tryptamines are sufficiently volatile for analysis by GC/MS[5].
While five-substituted tryptamine analogs do not require
derivatization prior to GC/MS analysis, derivatization is necessary for naturally-occurring tryptamines like psilocybin, for
example, to prevent on-column degradation to psilocin5, 6].
Although five-substituted tryptamines are amenable to GC/
MS analysis without derivatization, some studies report that
adding a trimethylsilyl derivatizing agent can improve peak
shape and intensities[6].
Testing laboratories have begun to adopt LC-MS and LC-MS/
MS analytical methods for analysis of tryptamine analogs.
These methods permit characterization of thermally unstable
tryptamines without derivatization as well as the direct, simultaneous analysis of tryptamines and other NPS in a single
run[6]. Screening and confirmation of tryptamines in clinical
toxicology applications are expected to increase in coming
years as abuse of this illicit drug class widens and as the acquisition and ownership costs of LC-MS/MS decreases[7].
Studies have shown that light and air can rapidly degrade
aqueous solutions of tryptamines, resulting in poor accuracy of the reference solution[8]. Cerilliant’s validated process
includes manufacturing controls for sensitive compounds
such as raw material handling and solution preparation
under inert conditions and flame-sealing under argon in
amber ampoules to minimize degradation from light and
air and to promote long-term shelf life. From synthesis
design to performing accelerated and real-time stability
studies, Cerilliant’s certified reference standards are
designed to ensure accuracy and reliability of results and to
support laboratory regulatory requirements.
Visit sigma-aldrich.com/cerilliant to view Cerilliant’s catalog offering of certified solution standards of naturally-occurring and synthetic tryptamines that are packaged in a US
DEA and Health Canada (with TK #s)-exempt solution format.
To receive news on the latest reference standards introduced by Cerilliant, register at
sigma-aldrich.com/registercerilliant
17
Cerilliant Certified Spiking Solutions® of Tryptamines
Description
Package Size
Bufotenine
1.0 mg/mL in Acetonitrile
D-102
N,N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT)
1.0 mg/mL in Methanol
M-095
Melatonin
M-165
5-MeO-DALT
M-166
5-MeO-MiPT HCl
1.0 mg/mL (as free base) in Methanol
M-167
5-MeO-DiPT HCl
Coming Soon
M-168
5-MeO-DMT
M-169
5-MeO-AMT
Coming Soon
P-048
Psilocin
5 mg
P-049
Psilocin-D10
5 mg
P-098
Psilocin
P-099
Psilocin-D10
100 µg/mL in Acetonitrile
P-097
Psilocybin
1.0 mg/mL in 1:1 Acetonitrile:Water
P-113
Psilocybin-D4
100 µg/mL in 1:1 Acetonitrile:Water
NEW IC-Certified Eluent Concentrates
Binary Concentrates for Metrohm® Applications
Magdalena Ulman, Product Manager, Analytical Reagents [email protected]
Ion chromatography is a technique which allows separation of ionic species within HPLC. IC is especially the method of choice in anion analysis,
thanks to the wide range of separating columns, elution systems and
detectors available. Cation analysis with IC has also achieved a certain
level of importance in the analysis of alkali and alkaline earth metals.
As in all separations by liquid chromatography, in ion chromatography,
the mobile phase is the easiest parameter to alter if one wishes to influence the separation. In contrast, the separating column and the detection system are in most cases predefined[1].
Sigma-Aldrich® offers a comprehensive range of reagents for separation
and low-level quantification of cations and anions via ion chromatography. In an effort to expand the selection of our well-characterized solutions of common eluents for ion chromatography, a group of binary
concentrates was introduced. The key features are as follows:
•• Application tested using Metrosep columns
•• Certified according to ISO Guide 31
•• High-purity solution components
•• All details about the exact content, specifications and expiry date are
described in the certificate
We work hard to continuously expand this group of products. Product
nos. 19399 and 69523 are the newest additions.
Visit our website to view all our products for IC at
sigma-aldrich.com/ic
References:
[1] Monograph, Practical Ion Chromatography, An Introduction.
Metrohm, 8.792.5013. 2007-09.
Cat. No.
Brand
Description
Metrohm Application
Concentration
Package Size
62414
Fluka®
Sodium bicarbonate/Sodium carbonate
concentrate
Metrosep A Supp 5
Na2CO3 64 mM and
NaHCO3 20 mM in water
1 L, 2.5 L
61905
Fluka
Nitric acid/Dipicolinic acid concentrate
Metrosep C 4
HNO3 34 mM and Dipicolinic acid
14 mM in water
1 L, 2.5 L
72784
Fluka
Sodium carbonate concentrate
Metrosep A Supp 7
Na2CO3 72 mM in water
1 L, 2.5 L
75335
Fluka
concentrate
Metrosep A Supp 10
Na2CO3 100 mM and
1 L, 2.5 L
38302
Fluka
Sodium carbonate/Sodium hydroxide
concentrate
Metrosep A Supp 16
Na2CO3 150 mM and
NaOH 15 mM in water
1 L, 2.5 L
19399
NEW!
Fluka
Nitric acid/Dipicolinic acid concentrate1
Metrosep C 6
HNO3 17 mM and Dipicolinic acid 17 1 L, 2.5 L
mM in water
69523
NEW!
Fluka
concentrate
Metrosep A Supp 4
Na2CO3 36 mM and
1 L, 2.5 L
Table 1 Metrohm eluent concentrates (20-fold concentration)
1
10-fold concentration
sigma-aldrich.com/ic
Chromatography
Cat. No.
B-022
References:
[1] Accessed 04 March 2015 from http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.310
9/15563650.2014.885983
[2] Accessed 04 March 2015 from http://www.nflfl.
com/e-cigarettes-adapted-smoke-illegal-drugs/#.VP8LNPzF86t
[3] Dargan, P.; Wood, D. Novel Psychoactive Substances: Classification,
Pharmacology and Toxicology. First Edition. Academic Press. 2013.
[4] Accessed 04 March 2015 from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
pubmed/24800892
[5] Accessed 04 March 2015 from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/
article/pii/S0165993610001433
[6] Accessed 04 March 2015 from http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2
Fs11419-009-0087-9
[7] Accessed 04 March 2015 from http://scitechnol.com/the-use-of-syntheticcathinones-and-tryptamines-in-a-psychiatric-population-ImWc.
php?article_id=1378
[8] Accessed 04 March 2015 from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
pubmed/17002211
18
Chemical Derivatization Reagents for LC-MS
Enhancing Ionization to Lower Analyte Detectability
Daniel Weibel, Product Manager Analytical Reagents [email protected]
Modern mass spectrometry techniques such as APCI or ESI
are highly successful in providing valuable structural information, and allow the detection of very low analyte concentrations in various sample matrices. However, in today’s
advanced research areas, such as metabolomics clinical and
forensics analytics, there are cases when such methods are
insufficiently sensitive to deliver the solution to a particular
analytical problem.
Chromatography
Therefore, derivatization reactions in mass spectrometry
are used to increase ionization used to result in lower analyte detectability[1]. The derivatization reagents have functional groups possessing high proton (cation) affinity that
stabilize positive charge. Of similar importance when
derivatizing is the improvement of qualitative analysis by
modifying fragmentation behavior to form unique product
ions and the shifting of them to a specific, unique mass
(fingerprinting), and precise quantitative analysis for profiling of comparatively small analyte molecules, particularly in
metabolomics.
An up-to-date product list with our current portfolio of
analytical derivatization reagents suitable for LC-MS is
shown in Table 1.
For more information, visit
sigma-aldrich.com/derivatization
Cat. No.
Brand
Derivatization Reagent
Analyte Functional Group
Typical Application
69706
Fluka®
6-Bromo-3-pyridinylboronic acid
1,2-Dihydroxy
Brassinosteroids
05689
Fluka
Diethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate
Amine
Amino acids
29208
Fluka
(N-Succinimidyloxycarbonylmethyl)tris(2,4,6trimethoxyphenyl)phosphonium bromide
Amine
Protein sequence analysis
61224
Fluka
N-Succinimidyl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate
Amine
Glycerophosphoethanolamine lipids
73177
Fluka
1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
Amine
Prim./sec. aliphatic amines
94076
Fluka
{1-[2-(Diethylamino)ethoxy]-2-isothiocyanatoethyl}benzene
Amine
-
03334
Fluka
Dansylhydrazine
Carbonyl
-
06963
Fluka
4-(Diethylamino)benzhydrazide
Carbonyl
-
08843
Fluka
2-Hydrazinopyridine
Carbonyl
Steroids
4465962
Fluka
Amplifex Keto Reagent Kit
Carbonyl
-
59799
Fluka
4-(Diethylaminomethyl)benzhydrazide
Carbonyl
-
65562
Fluka
2-Picolylamine
Carbonyl
Steroids
89397
Fluka
Girard’s reagent T
Carbonyl
Nucleosides
92989
Fluka
4-(Dimethylamino)benzohydrazide
Carbonyl
-
93742
Fluka
Pentafluorophenylhydrazine
Carbonyl
Oligosaccharides
75821
Fluka
1,2-Benzo-3,4-dihydrocarbazole-9-ethyl-p-toluenesulfonate
Carboxylic acid
Fatty/bile acids
79291
Fluka
4-[2-(N,N-Dimethylamino)ethylaminosulfonyl]-7(2-aminoethylamino)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole
Carboxylic acid
Fatty acids
74905
Fluka
9-Anthracenemethanol
Carboxylic acid, amine, alcohol
-
42579
Fluka
4-Phenyl-1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione
Diene
Vitamin D
4465966
Fluka
Amplifex Diene Reagent Kit
Diene
-
97622
Fluka
2-Mercaptoethanol
Double bond
Microcystins
00721
Fluka
4-(Dimethyl-d6-amino)benzoyl chloride
Hydroxy
Deuterium mass shift
03641
Fluka
Dansyl chloride
Hydroxy
-
05022
Fluka
N,N-Dimethylglycine
Hydroxy
Cholesterol
06696
Fluka
3-Amino-9-ethylcarbazole
Hydroxy
Sugars
67954
Fluka
4-(Dimethylamino)benzoyl chloride
Hydroxy
17β-Estradiol
72702
Fluka
3,5-Dinitrobenzoyl chloride
Hydroxy
Tetrahydrocorticosterones
Table 1 Fluka analytical derivatization reagents suitable for LC-MS
References:
Reviews: a) A handbook of derivatives for mass spectrometry,
Zaikin, V.; Halket, J. IM Publications LLP, 2009, Chichester;
b) “Derivatization in liquid chromatography for mass
spectrometric detection”; Santa, T. Drug Discov.Ther. 2013, 7,
9 –17; c) “Derivatization reagents in liquid chromatography/
electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry”; Santa, T.
sigma-aldrich.com/derivatization
Biomed. Chromatogr. 2011, 25,1–10; d) “Derivatization
reagents in liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization
tandem mass spectrometry for biomedical analysis”; Santa, T.;
Al-Dirbashi, O. Y. T.; Fukushima, Drug Discov. Ther. 2007, 1,
108–118.
[1] Chemical Derivatization in LC-MS. Achieving better ionization
through enhanced sensitivity”; Weibel, D. Analytix 2014, 2, 6–7.
9
19
October 11–15, 2015
Gaylord National Resort & Convention Center
The BERM 14 is the continuation of a series of BERM Symposia launched in 1983. Locations have
alternated between Europe and the USA, with the exception of BERM 11 (2007), held in Japan.
Objective
Participants are provided with a unique opportunity to interact with key players and institutions from around the world that are
involved in reference material (RM) development, production, distribution and use. RMs are among the most important tools in assuring quality and international comparability of measurement results, and their proper use is increasingly demanded in science as well
as legislation.
Who Should Attend?
• Producers, users and assessors of reference materials
• Scientists from analytical sciences and all disciplines involved in the development of new analytical methods or instrumentation
• Government officials and policymakers in fields related to such areas as public health, health care, consumer safety, food quality
and nutrition, environmental monitoring and forensics
Symposium Chairman: Dr. Stephen A. Wise, email: [email protected], phone: +1 301-975-3112
Sigma-Aldrich Contacts: Americas & Asia Pacific: Alan Nichols, email: [email protected], phone: +1 814-359-5496
Europe, Middle East & Africa: Peter Jenks, email: [email protected], phone: +44 1747 833377
Call for abstracts, registration, partnership and exhibitor applications can be
found at www.sigma-aldrich.com/berm
Gaylord National Resort & Convention Center, 201 Waterfront Street, National Harbor, Maryland 20745, USA.
sigma-aldrich.com/berm
sigma-aldrich.com/berm
Events
14th International Symposium on Biological and
Environmental Reference Materials (BERM 14)
Standards
201 Waterfront Street, National Harbor, Maryland 20745, USA
20
NEW TraceSELECT® Products and Packaging Options
High-Purity Digestion Reagents for ICP and AAS Methods
Matthias Drexler, Product Manager, Analytical Reagents [email protected]
Spectroscopy
Our popular TraceSELECT product lines for ppb and ppt
range analyses have been expanded to include new products
and more packaging options (see Table 1).
•• Ultra-high purity for ppt analysis with
TraceSELECT Ultra
•• High-purity reagents for ppb range analysis with
TraceSELECT reagents
•• Extensive certificates listing up to 80 individual elemental and anion traces
•• Top-notch packaging material for extended storage
stability
Please visit sigma-aldrich.com/traceanalysis to explore
our complete offering of trace analysis reagents, standards
and certified reference materials.
Cat. No. Description
Package Size
96208
Hydrochloric acid 30–35%,
TraceSELECT Ultra
250 mL, 1L
NEW! 500 mL
43319
NEW! Hydrofluoric acid 47–51%,
TraceSELECT Ultra
500 mL
02650
Nitric acid 65–71%, TraceSELECT Ultra
250 mL, 1L
NEW! 500 mL, 2L
30885
NEW! Thiourea, TraceSELECT
5g
Table 1 NEW TraceSELECT and TraceSELECT Ultra products and
package sizes.
Brand New Sigma-Aldrich®
Solvent Center Webpage
Your Resource to Find the Best Solvents for your Application
Our newly designed Solvent Center page (sigma-aldrich.com/solvents) can quickly guide you
to the solvent or grade best suited to support your application:
••
••
••
••
Browse our online catalog by solvent, grade, or market and application
Download helpful brochures and flyers
Access further information on packaging options and returnables
Find out what special offers are available
You can explore all that and more at sigma-aldrich.com/solvents
sigma-aldrich.com/traceanalysis
21
Handheld Fluorometers and Kits (FluoroSELECT™)
Jens Boertz, Product Manager Analytical Reagents [email protected]
Each kit contains all documents, reagents and standards needed to perform the analysis, together with the corresponding fluorometer.
FluoroSELECT™ Acetate Assay Kit
Acetate (CH3COO -) is a common anion and fundamental to all forms of
life. When bound to coenzyme A, it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. In its acid form, acetic acid, it is produced and
excreted by acetic acid bacteria, such as Acetobacter genus and Clostridium acetobutylicum, which are found universally in foodstuffs, water
and soil. Acetic acid is also a component of the vaginal lubrication of
humans and other primates, where it appears to serve as a mild antibacterial agent. Acetic acid is the main component of vinegar, and is extensively used in food, dyes, paints, glue and synthetic fibers.
Sigma-Aldrich®’s assay uses enzyme-coupled reactions to form a colored, fluorescent product. The fluorescence intensity at 530 nm/590 nm
is directly proportional to the acetate concentration in the sample.
FluoroSELECT™ Ammonia Kit
Ammonia (NH3) or its ion form ammonium (NH4+) is an important source
of nitrogen for living systems. Ammonia is found in the atmosphere,
rainwater, soil, seawater, and in volcanic areas. It is widely used as a fertilizer, cleaner, antimicrobial agent and in fermentation and chemical
s ynthesis. Sigma-Aldrich’s convenient assay uses o-phthalaldehyde
reagent to directly measure NH3/NH4 +. The fluorescence intensity at
lex/em = 360/460 nm is directly proportional to the NH3 concentration in
the sample.
FluoroSELECT™ Ascorbic Acid Kit
Ascorbic acid is an important antioxidant found in living organisms and
is applied as an additive in food and in industrial processes. By reacting
with reactive oxygen species, it protects the cell from oxidative damage.
Sigma-Aldrich’s method provides a simple, direct and high-throughput
assay for measuring ascorbic acid. In this assay, ascorbic acid is oxidized
by ascorbate oxidase, resulting in the production of H2O2, which reacts
with a specific dye to form a pink-colored product. The fluorescence
intensity at 530 nm/590 nm is directly proportional to the acetate concentration in the sample.
FluoroSELECT™ Formaldehyde Kit
Formaldehyde (methanal) is widely employed in industry. Formaldehyde is also used as a disinfectant and is a commonly utilized tissue fixative and embalming agent.
Formaldehyde is naturally present in all tissues and body fluids. Recently it
has been shown that some cancer types exhibit elevated formaldehyde
levels. Sigma-Aldrich’s Formaldehyde Kit provides a convenient fluorimetric means to measure formaldehyde. In the assay, formaldehyde is derivatized with acetoacetanilide in the presence of ammonia. The resulting fluorescent product is then quantified fluorimetrically (λex/em =360/450 nm).
FluoroSELECT™ Glycerol Kit
Glycerol (glycerin) is widely used in foods, beverages and pharmaceutical
formulations. It is also a main byproduct of biodiesel production. Simple,
direct and automation-ready procedures for measuring glycerol concentrations find wide applications. Sigma-Aldrich’s glycerol assay uses a single working reagent that combines glycerol kinase, glycerol phosphate
oxidase and color reactions in one step. The color intensity of the reaction product at 570 nm, or fluorescence intensity at lex/em = 530/590 nm is
directly proportional to the glycerol concentration in the sample.
Cat. No.
Description
76786
FluoroSELECT™ Acetate Assay Kit
53659
FluoroSELECT Ammonia Kit
76691
FluoroSELECT Ascorbic Acid Kit
53649
FluoroSELECT E.coli Assay Kit
89872
FluoroSELECT Formaldehyde Kit
00254
FluoroSELECT Glycerol Kit
91333
FluoroSELECT Gram Negative Assay Kit
91218
FluoroSELECT Lactose Detection Assay
42779
FluoroSELECT MRSA Assay Kit for microbiology
Z805726
FluoroSELECT single channel fluorometer fluorescence λex 360 nm; λem 460 nm
Z805602
Z805491
89463
94478
FluoroSELECT Total Coliform Assay Kit for microbiology
Z805823
Glass vials for FluoroSELECT fluorometer O.D. × L 6 mm × 25 mm, volume nominal capacity 200 μL
Table 1 Complete product offering of the FluoroSELECT™ product line
sigma-aldrich.com/fluoroselect
Spectroscopy
The FluoroSELECT product line combines portable, low-cost, singlechannel fluorometers with suitable kits for a wide range of applications.
FluoroSELECT stands for highly sensitive and easy-to-use workflow solutions for determination of a growing selection of analytes both in the
field and in the lab.
22
Timestrip® – The Smart Way to Measure Time and Temperature
Get Control over Time and Temperature
Daniel Weibel, Product Manager Analytical Reagents [email protected]
In this third article about our new range of Timestrip® indicators (for
previous articles, see Analytix issues 1 and 2 2015), we turn the spotlight
on tracking time in the workplace.
”Period after opening” instructions can only be followed if you record
when you first open or use a product and find a failsafe way of reminding
yourself when the expiry date comes around. The same logic applies to
other time-based tasks, such as:
•• Protecting time-sensitive samples
•• Recording sample collections and their transport
•• Ensuring that buffers, solvents or reagents are replaced on time
•• Reminding yourself of when to next service or clean a device
•• Checking that a process has been completed
•• Replacing a filter when it reaches the end of its life
Timestrip provides a simple visual reminder that avoids the need to
remotely record and calculate dates. They support compliance with
time-based actions whether recommended or regulated.
Labware
When you first open a product or carry out a task, you simply select a
Timestrip of the required duration, activate it by pressing the button
firmly between thumb and finger, peel off the backing label and stick it
to the product or device (Figure 1). Once activated, a red dye will move
through the indicator’s membrane at a progress rate correlated to a
specified time, so when it reaches the end of the window, you know
that the product has expired. For an animation of this progress, go to
sigma-aldrich.com/timestrip. Each Timestrip is single-use and inert
until activated, so each time you open a new product or carry out your
task, you activate a new Timestrip and the cycle starts again.
•• Choosing the time elapsed. You might want a 20 minute, a 3 day or a
2 month time span. You can specify a time from minutes to years
•• Your brand colors and logo can be used alongside the Timestrip logo
– useful if you want to include an indicator as a free-of-charge reminder
in goods that you manufacture
•• Calibrating it for use in different temperature environments like fridges,
freezers or hot environments
•• Revealing a message over time. Any alphanumeric character can be
used, words like ‘Replace’, ‘Now’ or even a phone number for arranging
a service
•• Change the adhesive type/remove it for factory integration into a pack
•• For customized time period indicators, a minimum order quantity of
100,000 units applies
The following concept images in Figure 2 are designed to show you
what is possible with Timestrip CUSTOM. These concepts are not currently available for purchase but can be realized. If you are interested
in discussing a Timestrip CUSTOM solution, please contact us at:
[email protected]
Before activation
After 8 hours of activation
Figure 2 Conceptual examples of Timestrip CUSTOM time indicators
We would like to know how Timestrip indicators might be useful
in your workplace. Please contact us at sigma-aldrich.com/timestrip
with your ideas and any suggestions for different Timestrip time periods.
If we find that there is significant demand from our customers for a particular elapsed time, we can investigate creating it as a new product line
for small quantity stock purchase.
Figure 1 Activation of a Timestrip time indicator
Six time tracking products are available from stock, and each comes in
packs of 10, 100 or 500 units (Table 1). 1, 3, 6 and 12 month Timestrip
time indicators are available in individual label format with self-adhesive
backing. The 3 and 12 month indicators are also available in a handy
keychain which is useful for situations when it might not be suitable to
stick the label to a device or product. All six products are suitable for use
in room temperature environments (isothermal temperature of 22 °C).
Custom Solutions
Timestrip is an agile technology and Timestrip CUSTOM allows you to
design an indicator to suit your specific needs. You will be guided
through the various technical and graphic choices, but a short summary
includes:
sigma-aldrich.com/timestrip
Cat. No.
Brand
Description
93064
Fluka®
Timestrip 1 month
07603
Fluka
Timestrip 3 months
06797
Fluka
Timestrip 6 months
74831
Fluka
Timestrip 12 months
03849
Fluka
Timestrip 3 months, key chain
06929
Fluka
Timestrip 12 months, key chain
06693
Fluka
Timestrip Plus -20 °C
92210
Fluka
Timestrip Plus 0 °C
08168
Fluka
92451
Fluka
80474
Fluka
Timestrip Plus 30°C
80476
Fluka
Timestrip Plus Duo 10 °C and 34 °C
Table 1 Timestrips are available in package sizes of 10EA, 100EA and 500EA
23
Media Concentrates for Dissolution Tests
Ph. Eur. and USP Compliant Concentrates for 6, 10 and 25 Liter Target Volume
Matthias Drexler, Product Manager Analytical Reagents [email protected]
chapters and individual monographs. The Fluka® concentrates for dissolution media are designed to be used directly
for testing after dilution to the target volume, as recommended by the literature.
••
••
••
••
••
Cat. No.
Brand
Description
07377
Fluka®
Acetate buffer concentrate pH 4.5
04319
Fluka
78359
Fluka
04616
Fluka
Hydrochloric acid concentrate, 0.01N
More information and availability can be found at
sigma-aldrich.com/dissolution
Volume of Concentrate
Dilute to
Conforms to Pharmacopeia
230.8 mL
6L
Ph. Eur & USP
250 mL
10 L
Ph. Eur & USP
961.5 mL
25 L
Ph. Eur & USP
230.8 mL
6L
Ph. Eur & USP
43733
Fluka
250 mL
10 L
Ph. Eur & USP
77498
Fluka
961.5 mL
25 L
Ph. Eur & USP
90433
Fluka
77528
Fluka
94947
Fluka
42674
Fluka
Hydrochloric acid concentrate, 0.1N
Potassium phosphate buffer concentrate pH 5.8
230.8 mL
6L
Ph. Eur & USP
250 mL
10 L
Ph. Eur & USP
961.5 mL
25 L
Ph. Eur & USP
230.8 mL
6L
Ph. Eur & USP
75972
Fluka
250 mL
10 L
Ph. Eur & USP
23863
Fluka
961.5 mL
25 L
Ph. Eur & USP
73579
Fluka
01476
Fluka
44004
Fluka
91262
Fluka
95411
Fluka
94951
Fluka
250 mL
10 L
Ph. Eur & USP
961.5 mL
25 L
Ph. Eur & USP
230.8 mL
6L
Ph. Eur & USP
250 mL
10 L
Ph. Eur & USP
961.5 mL
25 L
Ph. Eur & USP
230.8 mL
6L
Ph. Eur & USP
78468
Fluka
250 mL
10 L
Ph. Eur & USP
56940
Fluka
961.5 mL
25 L
Ph. Eur & USP
04318
Fluka
41224
Fluka
92475
Fluka
95701
Fluka
230.8 mL
6L
Ph. Eur & USP
250 mL
10 L
Ph. Eur & USP
961.5 mL
25 L
Ph. Eur & USP
230.8 mL
6L
Ph. Eur & USP
75583
Fluka
250 mL
10 L
Ph. Eur & USP
75014
Fluka
961.5 mL
25 L
Ph. Eur & USP
01651
Fluka
18818
Fluka
14666
Fluka
55331
Fluka
Simulated Gastric Fluid without Enzyme
Simulated Intestinal Fluid without Enzyme
230.8 mL
6L
Ph. Eur & USP
250 mL
10 L
Ph. Eur & USP
961.5 mL
25 L
Ph. Eur & USP
230.8 mL
6L
Ph. Eur & USP
53757
Fluka
250 mL
10 L
Ph. Eur & USP
68856
Fluka
961.5 mL
25 L
Ph. Eur & USP
sigma-aldrich.com/dissolution
Wet Chemistry
Dissolution testing is an integral part of pharmaceutical
quality control and development, and it is used to determine critical information about drug release from solid oral
dosage forms such as tablets. The dissolution methods and
composition of dissolution media are detailed in general
Produced according to USP 37/38 and Ph. Eur. 5.17
Highly consistent quality
Save time by avoiding weighing and preparation steps
Available for 6, 10 and 25 L target volume
Delivered from stock
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Date: 06/2015
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Analytix 3/2015 - Sigma

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