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Tukaj - Teolog.si
1 TEOLOGIJA V DIALOGU Mednarodni ekumenski simpozij Maribor, 16.–18. oktober 2014 Uredil: Samo Skralovnik Oblikoval: Janez Šali Izdala: Teološka fakulteta UL Tisk: PAPIRNICA LAZAR, d. o. o. Naklada: 100 izvodov Organizacijski odbor: izr. prof. dr. Avguštin Lah, predsednik simpozija as. Samo Skralovnik, tajnik simpozija Simon Jurkovič, tajnik Teološke fakultete doc. dr. Bogdan Dolenc prof. dr. Stanko Gerjolj izr. prof. dr. Edvard Kovač zn. sod. dr. Fanika Krajnc-Vrečko izr. prof. dr. Maksimilijan Matjaž doc. dr. Mari Jože Osredkar doc. dr. Mateja Pevec Rozman doc. dr. Stanislav Slatinek Program simpozija | Symposium program PRVI DAN SIMPOZIJA | 16. 10. 2014 10.00–15.45 Znanstvena delavnica Moč in nemoč besede v dialogu 10.00–10.30 Uvodni pozdrav izr. prof. dr. Maksimilijan Matjaž Kulturna točka Milada Kalezić: Slomšek o moči in nemoči besede Velika predavalnica 10.30–11.30 Slavnostno predavanje akad. prof. dr. Jože Krašovec: Komparativna presoja koncepta pravičnosti v antiki Velika predavalnica 11.30–11.45 Premor 11.45–13.00 Predavanja po sekcijah (V) 204, 205 13.00–14.30 Kosilo Theater Cafe 14.30–15.45 Predavanja po sekcijah 205 (V) 16.00–17.30 Beseda v dialogu: Od ekumenske do jeruzalemske Biblije (okrogla miza) izr. prof. dr. Irena Avsenik Nabergoj (moderatorka), akad. prof. dr. Jože Krašovec, izr. prof. dr. Maksimilijan Matjaž, doc. dr. Maria Carmela Palmisano, doc. dr. Miran Špelič, doc. dr. Terezija S. Večko 18.00–20.30 Slavnostno odprtje simpozija s prvim plenarnim predavanjem 18.00–19.30 Uvodni pozdravi prof. dr. Christian Gostečnik, doc. dr. Mateja Pevec Rozman, prof. dr. Mihaela Koletnik, izr. prof. dr. Avguštin Lah, msgr. dr. Stanislav Lipovšek Kulturna točka Mladinski pevski zbor OŠ Prežihovega Voranca Predstavitev revije Edinost in dialog izr. prof. dr. Maksimilijan Matjaž Predstavitev razstave 40 let ekumenskih simpozijev zn. sod. dr. Fanika Krajnc-Vrečko Kulturna točka Mladinski pevski zbor OŠ Prežihovega Voranca 19.30–20.30 Slavnostno plenarno predavanje izr. prof. dr. Jure Zečević: Suvremeni sporazumi i nesporazumi oko ekumenizma 20.30 14.00–21.00 Slomškova dvorana Slomškova dvorana Pogostitev v preddverju Slomškove dvorane Registracija & nastanitev Slomškova dvorana DRUGI DAN SIMPOZIJA | 17. 10. 2014 7.30–8.30 9.30–10.30 Zajtrk Bogoslovje Drugo plenarno predavanje izr. prof. dr. Milan Žust: Edinost v Kristusu, izhajajoč iz Pripovedi o Antikristu Vladimirja Solovjova Velika predavalnica 10.30–11.00 Premor 11. 00–12.00 Tretje plenarno predavanje izr. prof. dr. Vladimir Vukašinović: Savremeni tokovi liturgijskog bogoslovlja u srpskoj pravoslavnoj crkvi Velika predavalnica Theater Cafe 12. 00–13.00 Kosilo 13.00–15.00 Prosti čas 15. 00–16.30 Predavanja po sekcijah (I, II, III, IV) 202, 203, 204, 205 16.30–17.00 Premor 17.00–18.30 Predavanja po sekcijah (I, III, IV) Theater Cafe 19.30 Večerja 8.00–17.00 203, 204, 205 Registracija & nastanitev Velika predavalnica TRETJI DAN SIMPOZIJA | 18. 10. 2014 Zajtrk Bogoslovje 9.00–11.30 Predavanja po sekcijah (I, IV) 204, 205 9.00–11.30 Voden ogled Maribora 7.30–8.30 11.30–12.00 Premor 12.00–13.00 Zaključek in evalvacija simpozija (okrogla miza) Velika predavalnica izr. prof. dr. Jure Zečević, izr. prof. dr. Milan Žust, izr. prof. dr. Vladimir Vukašinović, doc. dr. Bogdan Dolenc, izr. prof. dr. Avguštin Lah, mag. Vladimira Mesarič Jazbinšek 13.00 Kosilo Theater Cafe Suvremeni sporazumi i nesporazumi oko ekumenizma Bogdan Dolenc Contemporary Agreements and Disagreements About Ecumenism Edinost v Kristusu, izhajajoč iz Pripovedi o Antikristu Vladimirja Avguštin Lah Solovjova Unity in Christ, Beginning With a Short Story of the Anti-Christ of Vladimir Soloviev Savremeni tokovi liturgijskog bogoslovlja u srpskoj pravoslavnoj Vinko Škafar crkvi Contemporary Trends in Liturgical Theology of the Serbian Orthodox Church Jure Zečević Milan Žust Vladimir Vukašinović 16. 10. 2014 19.30–20.30 Slomškova dvorana 17. 10. 2014 9.30–10.30 Velika predavalnica 17. 10. 2014 11.00–12.00 Velika predavalnica Maksimilijan Matjaž Komparativna presoja koncepta pravičnosti v antiki Comparative Scrutiny of the Concept of Justice in Antiquity Jože Krašovec 16. 10. 2014 10.30–11.30 Velika predavalnica Moderator Chairman Naslov plenarnega predavanja Title of the Plenary Lecture Plenarni predavatelj Plenary Lecturer Datum, ura, prostor Date, Time Frame, Room Razpored plenarnih predavanj 18 16 14 13 Stran Page 28 30 Djela apostolska: uloga Duha Svetoga i sile u svjedočenju Acts of the Apostles: Role of the Holy Spirit and Power in Witness Beseda v romaneskni trilogiji škofa dr. Jožefa Smeja The Word in the Romanesque Trilogy of Bishop Dr. Jožef Smej Etični izzivi literarnih junakov v delih F. M. Dostojevskega, L. N. Tolstoja in I. Cankarja Ethic Challenges of Literary Heroes in the Works of F. M. Dostoyevsky, L. N. Tolstoy and I. Cankar Primož Trubar kot prispodoba iskalca in vodnika v razsežnostih sodobnega slovenstva Primož Trubar as Metaphor of a Searcher and Guide Within Dimensions of Modern Slovenianness Protestantski in katoliški prevodi Svetega pisma v slovenski jezik kot primer jezikovne dialoškosti Protestant and Catholic Translation of the Bible into the Slovene Language as an Example of Linguistic Dialogism Jezikovno-stilne značilnosti Slomškove pridige Od keršanske zloge ino edinosti u veri Linguistic and Stylistic Characteristics in Slomšek´s Sermon Od keršanske zloge ino edinosti u veri Ervin Budiselić Marija Stanonik Irena Avsenik Nabergoj Fanika Krajnc-Vrečko Nina Ditmajer Cvetka Rezar 11.45–13.00 Predavalnica 205 Eksistencialna dinamika poželenja v Svetem pismu: koren ḥmḏ v razmerju do korena 'wh Existential Dynamics of Desire in the Bible: The Root ḥmḏ in Relation to the Root 'wh Samo Skralovnik (V) Jože Krašovec 33 31 27 26 24 22 20 Ves svet v eni besedi – Gadamerjeva hermenevtika besede The Whole World in One Word – Gadamer´s Hermeneutic of the Word Maria Carmela Palmisano Jani Šumak (V) Moč in nemoč besede v dialogu Power and Powerlessness of the Word in Dialogue Pavlova beseda o križu kot začetek krščanske hermenevtike Paul's Words of the Cross as the Beginning of the Christian Hermeneutics Stran Page Maksimilijan Matjaž Moderator Chairman 11.45–13.00 Predavalnica 204 Sklop Topic Naslov predavanja Title of the Lecture Predavatelj Lecturer Ura, prostor Time Frame, Room ZNANSTVENA DELAVNICA MOČ IN NEMOČ BESEDE V DIALOGU (V) 16. 10. 2014 Razpored predavanj Beseda v dialogu v Sirahovi knjigi The Word in the Dialogue in the Book of Sirach Sveto pismo v dialogu s kulturami The Holy Scripture in the Dialogue With the Cultures Le parole di Mosè come veicolo dell’identità di Israele Moses’ Words as a Vehicle of Israel’s Identity BRATA IN MAČEHA: težavno sobivanje Judov in kristjanov pod (poganskim) rimskim okriljem TWO BROTHERS AND THEIR STEPMOTHER: A Difficult Co-Existence of Jews and Christians Under the (Pagan) Roman Aegis СВЕТООТАЧКА ЕГЗЕГЕЗА – МОГУЋА ПАРАДИГМА ЗА САВРЕМЕНУ ЕГЗЕГЕЗУ Exegesis of Church Fathers – A Possible Paradigm for Contemporary Exegesis Maria Carmela Palmisano Snežna Večko Terezija Roberta Ronchiato Aleš Maver Rodoljub Kubat (V) Naslov predavanja Title of the Lecture Medjufakultetski ekumenski simposijumi od 1974. do 1990. godine Inter-Faculty Ecumenical Symposia 1974–1990 Evanđeosko kršćanstvo i međureligijski dijalog: Odjeci 'Projekta svjetskog etosa' Evangelical Christianity and Inter-Religious Dialogue: Echoes of the »World Ethos Project« Krščanski dialog v medčloveških odnosih Christian Dialogue in Human Relationships Realnost in vizija v ekumenski misli Stanka Janežiča Reality and Vision in Ecumenical Thought of Stanko Janežič Predavatelj Lecturer Predrag Puzović Stanko Jambrek Mari Jože Osredkar Avguštin Lah Ura, Prostor Time Frame, Room 15.00–16.30 Predavalnica 202 (I) Krščanska občestva v dialogu Christian Communities in Dialogue Sklop Topic MEDNARODNI EKUMENSKI SIMPOZIJ TEOLOGIJA V DIALOGU (I, II, III, IV) 17. 10. 2014; 15.00–16.30 14.30–15.45 Predavalnica 205 41 Mari Jože Osredkar 44 43 42 Stran Page 39 38 36 35 34 Moderator Chairman Maksimilijan Matjaž Naslov predavanja Title of the Lecture Pomen posta: pogledi Katoliške in Pravoslavne cerkve The Meaning of Fasting: The Perspective of Catholic and Orthodox Church Patologija sodobne krščanske sakralne arhitekture kot komunikacijske infrastrukture v življenju Cerkve Pathology of the Contemporary Sacral Architecture as Communicational Infrastructure in the Life of Church Simbolna teologija in povezovalna moč umetnosti Theology of Symbol and the Connecting Power of Art Vpliv katoliških teologov na liturgično teologijo Alexandra Schmemanna The Influence of Catholic Theologians on the Liturgical Theology of Alexander Schmemann Naslov predavanja Title of the Lecture Etika besede kot temelj medverskega dialoga Ethic of the Word as a Ground for the Inter-Religious Dialogue Pojem Boga v Deweyjevi filozofiji religije ter njegove etične in vzgojne uporabe The Concept of God in Dewey's Philosophy of Religion and Its Ethical and Educational Usages Nikolaj Kuzanski in njegov spis O verskem miru in slogi Nicolaus Cusanus and His Book De pace seu concordantia fidei The Challenge of »Posteriority« and Pluralism Predavatelj Lecturer Ivan Platovnjak Leon Debevec Tadej Stegu David Bresciani Predavatelj Lecturer Edvard Kovač Lenart Škof Igor Škamperle Davor Džalto Ura, prostor Time Frame, Room 15.00–16.30 Predavalnica 203 Ura, prostor Time Frame, Room 15.00–16.30 Predavalnica 204 (III) Teološki in filozofski razmisleki Thought on Theology and Philosophy Sklop Topic (II) Liturgija, umetnost in kultura Liturgy, Art and Culture Sklop Topic Bojan Žalec Moderator Chairman Fanika Krajnc-Vrečko Moderator Chairman 54 53 52 51 Stran Page 49 47 46 45 Stran Page Evropa pred izzivi sveta Azije ob vprašanju medreligijskega dialoga Religije kot prinašalke miru Religion as a Carrier of Peace Postmoderna kultura – izziv krščanstvu v Evropi Postmodern Culture – Challenge for Christianity in Europe Dialog in gostoljubje krščanskega ekofeminizma Dialog and Hospitality of Christian Ecofeminism Anton Jamnik Mateja Pevec Rozman Igor Bahovec Nadja Furlan Štante 15.00–16.30 Predavalnica 205 (IV) Sodobni izzivi krščanstvu v Evropi Contemporary Challenges of Christianity in Europe Sklop Topic Naslov predavanja Title of the Lecture Ekumenska misel Josepha Ratzingerja – papeža Benedikta XVI. Ecumenical Insights of Joseph Ratzinger – Pope Benedict XVI Ekumenizem Justina Popovića: Kako veliki srbski pravoslavni teolog gleda na ekumenski dialog? The Ecumenical Comprehension of Justin Popović: How the Great Serbian Orthodox Theologian Considers the Ecumenical Dialogue? Перспективе православно-католичког дијалога The Perspectives of the Orthodox-Catholic Dialogue Protestantski zapad i pravoslavni istok: nelagodno ekumensko putovanje Protestant West and Orthodox East: An Uneasy Ecumenical Journey Predavatelj Lecturer Bogdan Dolenc Anton Štrukelj Rade Kisić Peter Kuzmič Ura, prostor Time Frame, Room 17.00–18.30 Predavalnica 203 (I) Krščanska občestva v dialogu Christian Communities in Dialogue Sklop Topic 17. 10. 2014; 17.00–18.30 | MEDNARODNI EKUMENSKI SIMPOZIJ TEOLOGIJA V DIALOGU (I, III, IV) Naslov predavanja Title of the Lecture Predavatelj Lecturer Ura, prostor Time Frame, Room Predrag Puzović Moderator Chairman Bogdan Dolenc Moderator Chairman 63 61 60 59 Stran Page 58 57 55 Stran Page 71 73 Vzgoja za medverski dialog v družini Education for Inter-Religious Dialogue in the Family Srečanje s samim seboj kot prvi pogoj za sprejemanje drugih krščanskih Cerkva Encounter With Oneself as a Prerequisite for Respecting Other Christian Denominations Na kakšen način vstopamo v odnose in gradimo občestva v svojih skupnostih in kako s predstavniki drugih krščanskih Cerkva? How Does an Individual Establish Relationships and Builds up a Community Within Their Own Community and in the Context of Other Christian Denominations? Stanislav Slatinek Sara Jerebic Drago Jerebic Mateja Pevec Rozman (IV) Sodobni izzivi krščanstvu v Evropi Contemporary Challenges of Christianity in Europe Dileme ekumenskega verskega pouka Dilemmas of Ecumenical Religious Instructions Stanko Gerjolj 17.00–18.30 Predavalnica 205 Moderator Chairman Naslov predavanja Title of the Lecture Predavatelj Lecturer Ura, prostor Time Frame, Room Sklop Topic Kontinuiteta in evalvacija nekaterih koncilskih etičnih vprašanj v pokoncilskih cerkvenih dokumentih Continuity and Evalvation of Some Ethical Questions in Post–Council Church Documents Rafko Valenčič 70 68 Stran Page 66 65 Homo creator – Semjon Frank in antropologija ustvarjalnosti Homo Creator – Semyon Frank and the Anthropology of Creativity Tadej Rifel 64 Igor Bahovec (III) Teološki in filozofski razmisleki Thought on Theology and Philosophy Ljubezen, jaz, mi in drugi v luči Kierkegaardove misli Love, Me, Us and the Other(s) in the Light of Kierkegaard’s Thought Bojan Žalec 17.00–18.30 Predavalnica 204 Stran Page Moderator Chairman Sklop Topic Naslov predavanja Title of the Lecture Predavatelj Lecturer Ura, prostor Time Frame, Room 82 83 Naslov predavanja Title of the Lecture Bridging the Growing Disaffection Between Churches and the Academy Pravica do tradicije – pravno-teološki pregled novejše sodne prakse Evropskega sodišča za človekove pravice glede odnosa med Cerkvijo in državo The Right to Tradition – A Juristical-Theological Analysis of the European Court of Human Rights Recent Decisions Regarding the Separation of Church and State Teološka, zgodovinska in pravna perspektiva razumevanja razmerja med Cerkvijo in državo znotraj krščanskega občestva Legal and Theological Perspective of Understanding the Relationship between Church and State within Christian Community Po verskem prepričanju različni, a enaki v trpljenju in bolečini, ljubezni in sreči: mešani pari in relacijska družinska terapija Under a Different Religious Belief, Equal in Suffering and Pain, Love and Happiness: Mixed Couples and Relational Family Therapy Psihosocialni dejavniki človeka kot duhovnega bitja – logoterapevtski aspekti nadsmisla Psychosocial Factors of Man as a Spiritual Being – Logotheraupetic Aspects of the Supra-Meaning heraupetic Aspects of the Supra-Meaning Predavatelj Lecturer Thomas Sibley Jani Šumak Rok Mihelič Jasmina Kristovič Sebastjan Kristovič Ura, prostor Time Frame, Room 9.00–11.30 Predavalnica 205 (IV) Sodobni izzivi krščanstvu v Evropi Contemporary Challenges of Christianity in Europe Aleš Maver Moderator Chairman Socijalni nauk Crkve u ekumenskom dijalogu The Social Teaching of the Church in Ecumenical Dialogue Silvija Migles Sklop Topic Koncilsko usmjerenje marijanskoga štovanja i njegov ekumenski potencijal Conciliar Orientation of Marian Devotion and Its Ecumenical Potential 84 81 80 Stran Page 78 77 75 Marija Pehar Vladimir Vukašinović (I) Krščanska občestva v dialogu Christian Communities in Dialogue Euharistijska ekleziologija Nikolaja Afansijeva Eucharistic Ecclesiology of Nicolai Afanasiev Darija s. Pia Herman Stran Page 9.00–11.30 Predavalnica 204 Moderator Chairman Sklop Topic Naslov predavanja Title of the Lecture Predavatelj Lecturer Ura, prostor Time Frame, Room 18. 10. 2014; 9.00–11.30 | MEDNARODNI EKUMENSKI SIMPOZIJ TEOLOGIJA V DIALOGU (I, IV) Plenarna predavanjaa Plenary lectures Moč in nemoč besede v družbenem dialogu Power and powerlessness of the word within social dialogue Akad. prof. dr. Jože Krašovec Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Komparativna presoja koncepta pravičnosti v antiki Comparative Scrutiny of the Concept of Justice in Antiquity Povzetek Vsaka namera, da se razišče koncept pravičnosti v vseh razsežnostih, pomeni navzkrižno primerjavo na diahroni in sinhroni ravni v razmerju do različnih religij in kultur. Vprašanje primerjalnosti na eni strani vključuje tiste zadeve, ki so identične ali skupne, in na drugi strani tiste, ki so podobne, a niso sorodne in so vedno oddaljene. Kakršnakoli že je podobnost reprezentacij pravičnosti v politeističnih, panteističnih in monoteističnih kulturah v kategorijah, kot so motivi, besedišče, podobe in literarne strukture, obstaja bistvena razlika na ontoloških osnovah. Znotraj judovsko-krščanske religije in kulture ne gre v prvi vrsti za formalen kozmični in družbeni red, temveč za nujno vztrajanje na moralnem čutu, kot se kaže v človekovih značajih in medosebnih razmerjih. Zapleten pojem pravičnosti kaže, da obstajata dve medsebojno odvisni razsežnosti pravičnosti: pravičnost duše znotraj človekove osebnosti in pravičnost skupnosti kot simbola razmerja znotraj družbe. Tukaj bomo obravnavali osnovni pomen koncepta pravičnosti v klasičnih kulturah antike tako, da vsako tradicijo postavimo v kontekst njenih osnovnih percepcij sveta, človeka in Boga. Abstract Any intent to investigate the concept of justice in all dimensions implies cross-comparison of the concept on diachronic and synchronic levels in relation to various religions and cultures. The comparative question includes things which are identical or common on the one hand and things which are similar, but uncommon and always distant on the other. Whatever the resemblance between representations of justice in polytheistic, pantheistic and monotheistic cultures in categories such as motifs, vocabulary, imagery and literary structures may be, there is an essential difference on ontological grounds. Within the Jewish-Christian religion and culture the reference is not primarily to formal cosmic and social order, but, with pressing insistence, to the moral sense as manifested in human characters and in interpersonal relations. The complex notion of justice indicates that there are two interdependent dimensions of justice: the justice of the soul within the human personality and the justice of the community as the symbol of a relationship within society. Here we shall deal with the basic meaning of the concept of justice in classical cultures of antiquity by placing each tradition in the context of its basic perception of the world, of humans and of God. Ključne besede: besedišče pravičnosti, semantika pravičnosti, podobe, simbol, odnos v družbi, medosebni odnos. Keywords: vocabulary of justice, semantics of justice, imagery, symbol, relationship within society, interpersonal relationship. Plenarna predavanja Plenary lectures 13 Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue Izr. prof. dr. Jure Zečević Katolički bogoslovni fakultet, Sveučilište u Zagrebu Suvremeni sporazumi i nesporazumi oko ekumenizma Contemporary Agreements and Disagreements About Ecumenism Povzetek Povremeno nailazimo na informacije o postignutim sporazumima na ekumenskoj razni. Nama teolozima je obično drago kada saznamo da smo se opet oko nečega usuglasili, ako imamo dojam da smo si bliže i da jedinstvo kršćana raste… Izvješća, primjerice, da su rimska i carigradska crkva 1965. zajednički “uklonile iz sjećanja i iz krila Crkve proglase ekskomunikacije” iz 1054., da su stara orijentalna predefeška Asirska Crkva Istoka i Katolička Crkva 1994. nakon 1562 godine predmnijevane doktrinarne različitosti potpisali Zajedničku kristološku izjavu, da su Katolička Crkva i Svjetski luteranski savez 1999. potpisali Zajedničku izjavu o nauku o opravdanju itd., navode nas da govorimo o značajnim ekumenskim sporazumima i vrijednom teološkom približavanju i rastu jedinstva. Pa ipak, u nekim našim kršćanskim sredinama se ekumenizam odbacuje kao hereza, kao sinkretističko izobličenje izvornog kršćanskog nauka, kao relativizacija pravovjerja… Ako su ekumenizam i ekumenski pokret doista “djelatnosti i pothvati koji se u skladu s različitim potrebama Crkve i okolnostima vremena pokreću i usmjeruju prema promicanju jedinstva kršćana” (UR 4) onda bi bilo za očekivati da u svakoj autentično formiranoj kršćanskoj svijesti ne samo nestane otpor prema ekumenizmu nego i da on preraste u osobno oduševljeno promicanje kršćanskog jedinstva, jer je to jasno prepoznatljiv oblik dosljednog nasljedovanja Isusa Krista, koji je u pogledu svojih učenika (svojih nasljedovatelja) želio i molio “da svi budu jedno” (Iv 17, 21). Ipak, spektar odnosa prema ekumenizmu kod kršća- Abstract Occasionally, we are informed about agreements that have been reached at an ecumenical level. We theologians are usually glad to learn that once more we have reached an understanding about something, that it seems we are drawing closer together and that Christian unity is growing ... Reports, for instance, that in 1965, the Church of Rome and the Church of Constantinople have jointly »removed from memory and from the bosom of the Church the proclamations of excommunication« from 1054, that the old Pre-Ephesian Assyrian Church of the East and the Catholic Church, after 1562 years of presumed doctrinal difference, have signed the Common Christological Declaration in 1994, that the Catholic Church and the Lutheran World Federation have signed the Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification in 1999, etc., lead us to speak of significant ecumenical agreements, valuable theological convergence and a growth of unity. Nevertheless, in some of our Christian environments, ecumenism is rejected as a heresy, a syncretistic distortion of original Christian doctrine, a relativization of orthodoxy ... If ecumenism and the ecumenical movement really are »initiatives and activities planned and undertaken, according to the various needs of the Church and as opportunities offer, to promote Christian unity« (UR 4), then one could rightly expect not only that the opposition to ecumenism disappears from every authentically formed Christian consciousness, but that it grows into an enthusiastic personal promotion of Christian unity, since this is a clearly recognizable form of 14 Plenarna predavanja Plenary lectures Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue na i danas seže od neupitnog i nereflektiranog prihvaćanja do neupitnog i nereflektiranog odbacivanja. U tom kontekstu otvara se pitanje što se sve stavlja pod taj – za neke sporni – pojam “ekumenizam”? “Uliju” li se, primjerice, u taj pojam – ne sadržaj iz UR 4 i Iv 17, 21 nego – neki drugi, negativni i autentičnom bogočovječanskom i kristološkom ekumenizmu strani sadržaji, svijesti postaje logično i savjesti obvezujuće, boriti se protiv “ekumenizma”. Bila riječ o komunikacijskim nesporazumima s obzirom na sadržaj koji različite osobe, izjave, tekstovi itd. stavljaju pod isti pojam ekumenizma, nesporazume koje ne umijemo detektirati pa stoga ni nadići, ili bila riječ o svjesnim interesno-manipulativnim ideologizacijama pojma “ekumenizam” (npr. konfesionalne, nacionalno-političke i sl. naravi i funkcije), korisno je i potrebno posvijestiti i osvijetliti postojeće nesporazume oko ekumenizma. consistent imitation of Jesus Christ who prayed, with respect to his disciples (his imitators), »that all of them may be one« (Jn 17:21). Be that as it may, Christians’ attitudes toward ecumenism run the gamut from unquestioning and unreflecting acceptance to unquestioning and unreflecting rejection. In this context, the question arises as to what are all the things that fall under this – for some, controversial – concept »ecumenism«? If the contents »poured« into it are not the ones from UR 4 and Jn 17:21, but some other negative contents, alien to authentic theanthropic and Christological ecumenism, a Christian conscience will, logically, feel duty bound to fight against »ecumenism«. Whether it be a question of misunderstandings in communication deriving from contents that different persons, statements, texts, etc. are placed under the same concept of ecumenism – misunderstandings which we can not overcome because we are unable to detect them; or a question of intentional, interested and manipulative ideologizations of the concept »ecumenism« (for example of confessional, national-political, etc. nature and function), it is useful and necessary to bring to awareness and shed light on the existing disagreements and misunderstandings with regard to ecumenism. Ključne besede: ekumenizam, međukršćansko i međucrkveno jedinstvo, ekumenski sporazumi i nesporazumi, dijalog. Key words: ecumenism, inter-Christian and interchurch unity, ecumenical agreements and disagreements, dialogue. Plenarna predavanja Plenary lectures 15 Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue Izr. prof. dr. Milan Žust, DJ Fakulteta za misijologijo, Papeška univerza Gregoriana Edinost v Kristusu, izhajajoč iz Pripovedi o Antikristu Vladimirja Solovjova Unity in Christ, Beginning With a Short Story of the Anti-Christ of Vladimir Soloviev Povzetek Kaj nas kristjane dejansko povezuje in kaj nas lahko znova poveže? Na zahodu se kot princip edinosti pogosto poudarjajo »nauk Cerkve« in »naravni zakoni«. Razlog je med drugim tudi neka težnja pri pojmovanju Svete Trojice v zahodnem krščanstvu: na prvem mestu naj bi bil en Bog, ena božanska narava, šele nato upoštevamo, da so tri Božje osebe. V vzhodnem krščanskem izročilu pa je prva pozornost namenjena Božjim osebam, ki jih povezujejo medosebni odnosi ljubezni. Ta ljubezen izhaja iz Očeta, se nam razodeva v Sinu in se v naša srca izliva po Sv. Duhu. Mi lahko rastemo v edinosti, če v moči Sv. Duha postajamo členi istega Kristusovega telesa in v Njem sinovi in hčere istega Očeta. Zanimiva, izzivalna in vselej aktualna podoba te edinosti v Jezusu Kristusu je pripoved Vladimirja Solovjova o Antikristu, ki bo v predavanju izhodišče za razmišljanje o temeljih ekumenskega dialoga in nekaterih trenutnih vprašanjih v odnosih med katoličani in pravoslavnimi. Kljub temu da je teološki dialog zelo pomemben za premostitev večstoletnega razkola, ga je treba najprej dobro pripraviti in ga ves čas podpirati z ustvarjanjem primernega ozračja. Pri tem so temeljnega pomena prav medosebni odnosi, ki poleg medsebojnega spoznavanja vključujejo tudi pripravljenost na odpuščanje in priznanje lastnih napak in napak v zgodovini Abstract What is for us Christians really unitive and what can reunite us? In the West, the »doctrine of the Church« and »natural laws« as the principles of unity are often underlined. The reason for that lays also in some kind of a tendency in the comprehension of the Holy Trinity in the western Christianity: first of all one God, one divine nature, and only then the three divine Persons are considered. In eastern Christian tradition, the first attention goes to divine Persons, united in inter-personal relations of love. This love originates in the Father, is revealed to us through the Son and is poured out in our hearts thanks to the Holy Spirit. We can grow in unity, if in the power of the Holy Spirit we are becaming members of the same body of Christ, and in Him sons and daughters of the same Father. An interesting, challenging and always actual image of this unity in Jesus Christ is A Short Story of the Anti-Christ of Vladimir Soloviev, in my presentation the starting point for the reflection about the fundaments of ecumenical dialogue and about some actual issues in the relations among Catholics and Orthodox. Although the theological dialogue is very important to overcome the schism of several centuries, it should be first of all well prepared and then supported with creation of suitable atmosphere. Here, the interpersonal relations are of fundamental importance, which in addition to the mutual knowledge and acquaintance also include the 16 Plenarna predavanja Plenary lectures Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue lastne Cerkve. Vse to je mogoče samo v močnem osebnem odnosu s Kristusom, in sicer tako, da smo udeleženi v Njegovi velikonočni skrivnosti. readiness to pardon and to acknowledge ones own mistakes and those in the history of ones own Church. All this is possible only in strong personal relation with Jesus Christ, taking part in His Easter mystery. Ključne besede: ekumenski dialog, edinost v Kristusu, medosebni odnos, zaupanje, Vladimir Solovjov. Key words: ecumenical dialogue, unity in Christ, interpersonal relation, trust, Vladimir Soloviev. Plenarna predavanja Plenary lectures 17 Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue Izr. prof. dr. Vladimir Vukašinović Pravoslavni Bogoslovski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu Savremeni tokovi liturgijskog bogoslovlja u srpskoj pravoslavnoj crkvi Contemporary Trends in Liturgical Theology of the Serbian Orthodox Church Povzetek U svom izlaganju autor će poći od istorijske analize ličnosti i institucija koje su pokretale, usmeravale i razvijale liturgijsko bogoslovlje u SPC tokom nekoliko prethodnih decenija. Zatim će nastojati da ustanovi, opiše i objasni pojavu određenih tema i problema koje su dominirale ovim vrmenom kao i odsustvo nekih drugih koje su, pak, obeležavele ostale hrišćanske sredine. Posebna pažnja biće posvećena inostranim teološkim uticajima – kako pravoslavnim tako i drugim hrišćanskim, da bi se time potvrdila dijaloška osnova razvoja savremene srpske liturgijske teologije. Abstract In his presentation, the author will follow the historical analysis of personalities and institutions that have initiated, managed and developed liturgical theology in SOC over the last several decades. Then he will seek to establish, describe and explain the occurrence of certain topics and issues that dominated over that time as well as the absence of any other of them which, in turn, marked the rest of the Christian community. A special attention will be paid to the impact of foreign theological influences − both Orthodox and other Christian on modern Serbian liturgical theology confirming dialogical basis of its development. Ključne besede: liturgija, teologija, dijalog, uticaj, razvoj. Key words: liturgy, theology, dialogue, influence, development. 18 Plenarna predavanja Plenary lectures Predavanja Lectures Moč in nemoč besede v družbenem dialogu Power and powerlessness of the word within social dialogue Izr. prof. dr. Maksimilijan Matjaž Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Pavlova beseda o križu kot začetek krščanske hermenevtike Paul's Words of the Cross as the Beginning of the Christian Hermeneutics Povzetek Razprava obravnava določene semantične in hermenevtične vidike Prvega pisma Korinčanom. V njem Pavel na izviren način sooči evangeljsko oznanilo z izzivi sodobne antične kulture. V pismu želi sporočiti skrivnost Božje modrosti in odrešenja, razodeto v Jezusovem križu, v okolje cvetoče blaginje, ki se je zavedalo svoje moči in modrosti ter je prisegalo na svobodomiselnost in pluralizem. Kljub nedvomni lastni retorični in teološki spretnosti se pred skrivnostjo križa in odrešenja zaveda nemoči človeške besede. Križ predstavi kot osnovno merilo spoznavanja Boga, kot ločnico med človeško in Božjo hermenevtiko. V konceptu njegovega oznanila dobiva križ močan simbolni in kulturno‑metaforični pomen. Spoznavanje Boga ni nikoli samo dejanje teoretičnega (filozofskega) spoznanja, temveč zahteva celostno odločitev. Pri tem gre torej vedno tudi za dejanje hotenja, tj. dejanje pokore in poslušnosti. Paradoks Kristusovega križa, to je Božjega sestopa in smrti kot radikalnega razodetja Božje ljubezni, postavlja nov temelj spoznavanja in razkrije problem človekovega logosa, ki nujno presega samega sebe. Pavel tako predstavi križ kot novo kategorijo krščanske modrosti in hermenevtike. Ob tem razvija načelo darovanja – ljubezni – kot osnovni princip resničnega človeškega razvoja, kar pomeni radikalni preobrat sistema vrednot tedanjega okolja. Pavel nasproti človeški modrosti postavi Božjo norost in nasproti malikovanju telesa njegovo svetost. Telo ni usmerjeno v potrošnjo, temveč preko ljubezni v preobrazbo po Kristusovem vstajenju. S tem Abstract The discussion deals with certain semantic and hermeneutic aspects of the First Letter to the Corinthians. In the aforementioned Letter, Paul in the original way confronts the announcement of the Gospel with the challenges of the modern ancient culture. The Letter seeks to communicate the mystery of God's wisdom and salvation revealed in Jesus' Cross, into the environment of flourishing prosperity, which was aware of its power and wisdom, and swore to liberalism and pluralism. Before the mystery of the cross and salvation, Paul is aware of the helplessness of the human word despite his undoubted own rhetorical and theological skills. He presents the cross as a basic criterion of understanding God, as a dividing line between human and God's hermeneutics. In the concept of his Gospel, the Cross gains a strong symbolic and cultural metaphorical meaning. Understanding and getting to know God has never been just an act of theoretical (philosophical) knowledge, but requires a comprehensive decision. This is therefore always an act of volition, i.e. an act of penance and obedience. The paradox of Christ's Cross, that is God's descent and death as a radical revelation of God's love, sets a new foundation of knowledge and discloses the problem of human logos, which necessarily goes beyond himself. Paul thus presents the cross as a new category of Christian wisdom and hermeneutics. At the same time, he develops the principle of donation – love – as a basic principle of genuine human development, which represents a radical reversal of the value 20 Predavanja Lectures Moč in nemoč besede v družbenem dialogu Power and powerlessness of the word within social dialogue začrta novo krščansko antropologijo in da nov temelj krščanski hermenevtiki, dialogu in sožitju. Na ta način postavlja Pavel v Prvem pismu Korinčanom nova načela, ki urejajo razmerje med krščanstvom in svetom na področju etike in hermenevtike. system of the environment of that time. When he places God's folly against human wisdom, and his holiness against idolatry of the body, which is focused in consumption, but through love in the transformation following the resurrection of Christ charts a new Christian anthropology, and gives a new foundation to Christian hermeneutics, dialogue and coexistence. In this way, in the First Letter, Paul sets new principles to the Corinthians governing the relationship between Christianity and the world in the field of ethics and hermeneutics. Ključne besede: apostol Pavel, 1 Kor, Logos, beseda, krščanska hermenevtika, etika, dialog, križ. Key words: the Apostle Paul, 1 Corinthians, Logos, word, Christian hermeneutics, ethics, dialogue, cross. Predavanja Lectures 21 Moč in nemoč besede v družbenem dialogu Power and powerlessness of the word within social dialogue Jani Šumak, univ. dipl. teol. Ves svet v eni besedi – Gadamerjeva hermenevtika besede The Whole World in One Word – Gadamer´s Hermeneutics of the Word Povzetek Tradicionalno je bila hermenevtika veščina razlaganja verskih, pravnih in antičnih besedil. V 19. stoletju jo Schleiermacher razume kot univerzalno metodo razumevanja, katerega cilj je zajetje izvornega avtorjevega namena. Schleiermacher s tem univerzalizira hermenevtiko kot metodo, a jo po Gadamerjevem prepričanju utemelji na temelju izvornega nerazumevanja besedila. V 20. stoletju Gadamer pozdravi univerzalni vidik hermenevtike, a kritizira dotedanji razvoj hermenevtike. Zanj je hermenevtika fenomen razumevanja, razumevanje samo pa je neposredno in se ne dogaja kot konflikt med razlagalcem na eni in besedilom na drugi strani. Razlagalec je v Gadamerjevi hermenevtiki še vedno v sredini dogajanja razumevanja in razlage, zato do konflikta (nerazumevanja) v pristnem razumevanju nikdar ne pride. Namesto konflikta v ospredje stopi dialoška narava hermenevtike, ki razlagalca in besedilo vidi kot prepleteno celoto znotraj širšega zgodovinskega dogajanja. Vztrajanje pri osrednji temi hermenevtike – fenomenu razumevanja pa pomeni, da se Gadamer ne ustavi pri spoznavoslovnih vprašanjih hermenevtike, ampak nas popelje k srčiki hermenevtike, ki se lahko odvija samo v jeziku/ govorici. Beseda kot sredina tega jezikovnega razumevanja hermenevtike v tem kontekstu postane več kot le pojem ali predstava o neki stvari, saj so prav besede tiste, ki stvari privedejo v razumevanje. Beseda v Gadamerjevi hermenevtiki dobi edinstven pomen v novodobni Abstract Traditionally, hermeneutics was the craft of textual interpretation of religious, legal and ancient texts. In the 19th century, Schleiermacher saw hermeneutics as the universal method of understanding. The goal of hermeneutics was to reconstruct the mens auctoris. Since the author´s intent is not known, Gadamer argued that Schleiermacher´s hermeneutics presumed a unfamiliarity between the interpreter and the text. In the 20th century, Gadamer founded his project of hermeneutics on the basis of Schleiermacher´s universality, but criticized the historical development of hermeneutics. He understood hermeneutics as the phenomena of understanding. Understanding is an unmitigated process that happens between the interpreter and the text. The interpreter is always part of the process of understanding, that is why true understanding can never lead to conflict. In Gadamer's hermeneutics, conflict gives way to a more dialogical notion of hermeneutics, that looks at the interpreter and the text as a unit that is not separated from its historical context. The project of hermeneutics as understanding leads Gadamer to the core problem of any understanding, the problem of language. In his hermeneutics, words as the centre of such understanding of hermeneutics, are more than concepts. They do not simply represent an object, but bring it to understanding. In modern philosophy words are attributed with a unique position. Gadamer's hermeneutics get open22 Predavanja Lectures Moč in nemoč besede v družbenem dialogu Power and powerlessness of the word within social dialogue filozofiji in se zavestno približa Avguštinovemu razmišljanju o Sveti Trojici. Gadamerjeva hermenevtika nam nudi vsaj dve izhodišči za ekumenski, medverski in družbeni dialog: Po izvorni hermenevtični bližini med razlagalcem in predmetom razlage pokaže način, kako premostiti konflikte in razreševati nerazumevanje. Z osredotočenjem na govorico in besedo Gadamerjeva hermenevtika v ospredje postavi razumevanje, metodo pa pomakne na sekundarno mesto in s tem da veljavo ostalim načinom spoznanja. Beseda kot predpostavka slehernega razumevanja kljub svoji končnosti in pomanjkljivostim postane osrednja tema vsakega prihodnjega spoznavanja, pravilno razumevanje besede pa njen prvi pogoj. ly close to St. Augustine´s notion of the Holy Trinity. Gadamer´s hermeneutics give us at least two empowering ideas for an ecumenical, inter‑religious or social dialogue: By focusing on the closeness between the interpreter and the text, it shows us a way to avoid conflicts and resolve misunderstandings. By focusing on language and the importance of words, Gadamer puts the question of understanding before the question of method, thus giving validity to different ways of knowledge. And although words are finite in meaning and are not perfect, they become the centre of all future knowledge and understanding. Ključne besede: hermenevtika, razumevanje, tradicija, govorica, izkustvo, Schleiermacher, Gadamer, sv. Avguštin. Key words: hermeneutics, understanding, tradition, language, experience, Schleiermacher, Gadamer, St. Augustine. Predavanja Lectures 23 Moč in nemoč besede v družbenem dialogu Power and powerlessness of the word within social dialogue As. Samo Skralovnik Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Eksistencialna dinamika poželenja v Svetem pismu: koren ḥmḏ v razmerju do korena 'wh Existential Dynamics of Desire in the Bible: The Root ḥmḏ in Relation to the Root 'wh Povzetek Dinamika poželenja, ki jo označuje glagolska oblika korena ḥmḏ, se v največ primerih porodi iz zaznavanja privlačnosti in vrednosti (materialnih) objektov. Glagolska oblika korena ḥmḏ primarno ne označuje želje, ki izvira iz telesnih potreb, saj je materialno oz. vrednostno pogojena, temveč nagovarja človeški razum. Objekti s privlačnostjo in vrednostjo označujejo začetni trenutek poželenja, ki vodi do zaključenega notranjega procesa razmišljanja, načrtovanja, odločanja – namere po prilastitvi. Na drugi strani lahko željo, ki jo izražajo izpeljanke iz korena 'wh, definiramo kot telesni odziv na določeno vrsto čutno-estetskih dražljajev. Želja 'wh izraža vitalno težnjo, ki je značilna za živo bitje, v mnogoterosti oblik, ki je ne pogojuje zunanja materialna pojavnost oz. vrednost objekta per se. Izpeljanke korena 'wh s precejšno širino in semantično nedoločenostjo označujejo različne želje, ki izvirajo iz telesnih potreb in so z njimi povezane. Ponazoritev bo temeljila na svetopisemskem mestu 1 Mz 3,6, kjer se skupaj pojavita oba korena, vsak s svojim objektom. Samostalniška oblika korena 'wh se obrača k drevesu zaradi okusa in zunanje mamljive pojavnosti (»dobro za jed, mikavno za oči«). Prisotnost motiva spoznanja razodeva prehod poželenja na drug nivo. Glagolska oblika korena ḥmḏ se obrača k drugemu objektu, k spoznanju, ki primarno ne nagovarja več čutil, temveč razum. Vrhunec (Evine) skušnjave predstavlja stopnja razuma – zavestna Abstract The dynamics of desire, indicated by the verbal form of the root ḥmḏ, in most cases emerges from the perception of attraction and value of (material) objects. Primarily, the verbal form of the root ḥmḏ does not signify a wish deriving from physical needs, since it is materialistically dependent or value-driven, but addresses the human reason. Objects with their attraction and value signify the starting moment of desire leading to the final inner process of thinking, planning, decision making – the intention of seizing. On the other side, a wish expressed by derivatives from the root 'wh, can be defined as a physical response to a certain kind of sensual-aesthetic stimulus. The 'wh wish expresses a vital tendency distinctive of a living creature in its plurality of shapes, which is not being conditioned by external materialistic manifestation or the value of the object per se. In a significant breadth and semantic indefiniteness, derivatives of the root 'wh signify different wishes arising from physical needs, and are linked to them. The example will be based on the Gn 3,6, where both of the roots appear together, each with its own object. The nominal form of the root 'wh leans to the tree because of the taste and the outer tempting appearance (»good for food, a delight for the eyes«). The presence of the recognition motif reveals the crossing of desire to another level. The verbal form of the verb ḥmḏ leans toward another object, toward the recognition which does not primarily address several 24 Predavanja Lectures Moč in nemoč besede v družbenem dialogu Power and powerlessness of the word within social dialogue in premišljena odločitev, privolitev skušnjavi – medtem ko se 'wh nanaša na telo oz. označuje težnjo, povezano s potešitvijo telesnih želja. Na eni strani je za koren ḥmḏ razvidna premišljena in razumna odločitev, privolitev skušnjavi, na drugi strani koren 'wh označuje skušnjavo zadovoljitve telesnih želja. Za oba korena velja, da je etična konotacija pogojena z etično držo subjekta in drugih semantičnih kazalcev v sobesedilu in da se uporablja tako za človeka kot za Boga. V razpravi bo prikazano, kako lahko dinamizem poželenja razumemo kot način, po katerem posameznik vstopa v dialog z »okoljem« (s predmeti, sočlovekom in Bogom) in po katerem Bog vstopa v dialog s človekom. sense organs, but the reason. The pinnacle (of Eve) of temptation is represented by the degree of reason – a conscious and considered decision, assent to temptation – while 'wh refers to the body or signifies the tendency, linked to satisfying the physical desires. On the one side, the root ḥmḏ is being evident for a considered and sensible decision, consent to temptation, on the other side the 'wh root signifies the temptation of satisfying physical desires. It is considered that for both of the roots the ethic connotation is being conditional upon ethic attitude and other contextual semantic indicators, and is being applied for human being as well as for God. In the discussion, it will be presented that the dynamism of desire could be comprehended in a way in which an individual comes into the dialogue with »environment« (with the objects, another human being and with God) and according to which, God comes into the dialogue with a man. Ključne besede: poželenje, želja, težnja, koren ḥmḏ, koren 'wh, razum, telesne potrebe, dialog. Key words: desire, wish, tendency, root ḥmḏ, root 'wh, reason, physical needs, dialogue. Predavanja Lectures 25 Moč in nemoč besede v družbenem dialogu Power and powerlessness of the word within social dialogue Mag. Ervin Budiselić Biblijski institut Zagreb Djela apostolska: uloga Duha Svetoga i sile u svjedočenju Acts of the Apostles: Role of the Holy Spirit and Power in Witness Povzetek Dj 1:8 u sebi sadrže pojam sile (moći) i govora (besede, svjedočenja) te osim što nam pokazuju kako Luka geografski zamišlja nacrt svoje knjige (Jeruzalem – Judeja – Samarija – do na kraj zemlje), donose nam i zapis kako je ključan preduvjet da bi apostoli/učenici bili Isusovi svjedoci primanje Duha Svetog i sile koju Duh donosi. Ovo izlaganje polazi od stanovišta da Luka Duhu Svetom ne pripisuje soteriološku ulogu (kao što to često čini apostol Pavao), već Duha isključivo prikazuje kao izvor sile za službu/misiju. U tu svrhu, izlaganje razmatra sva mjesta gdje se pojam Duha javlja u Djelima te se zaključuje da pojam Duha dominantno koristi u kontekstu nadahnutog ili proročkog govora. Nakon toga, razmatraju se sva mjesta gdje se pojam sile koristi u Djelima i zaključuje se da je pojam sile usko vezan uz čuda i znakove. Budući da je je uloga Duha u svjedočenju stvaranje nadahnutog proročkog govora, a uloga sile je manifestacija čuda, izlaganje prolazi kroz primjere u Djelima gdje se pokazuje kako i na koji način ta dva »elementa« funkcioniraju zajedno, te se ustvrđuje da je verbalna poruka o povijesnom Isusu (Evanđelje) gotovo uvijek u pravilu popračena ili utemeljena na nekom čudu. Izlaganje zaključuje da za Luku svjedočenje ne znači sam nadahnuti govor o Isusu, već uključuje i svjedočenje o Isusu na temelju onoga što Isus radi trenutno u sadašnjosti. Upravo taj vremenski aspekt svjedočenja – spoj prošlosti (preteklosti) koja se očituje u nadahnutom/proročkom govoru i sadašnjosti (sedajnosti) koja se očituje u čudima i znakovima – je ključna karakteristika i posebnost Lukinog koncepta svjedočenja u Djelima. Ključne besede: svjedočenje, sila, Duh Sveti, čuda i znakovi, proroštvo. Abstract The Acts 1:8 contain the expression of power (dynamis) and speech (witnessing), and does not only show us how Luke has written his document in terms of geography (Jerusalem, Judea, Samaria, and the ends of the earth), but also informs us that the key prerequisite for apostles/disciples to be Jesus’ witnesses is the reception of the Holy Spirit and his power. This presentation is based on the premise that Luke does not ascribe soteriological function (as often apostle Paul does) to the Spirit, but exclusively describes it as the source for ministry/mission. For that purpose, presentation will explore all the places where the expression Holy Spirit occurs in Acts, and it will conclude that this expression is predominately used in the context of inspired or prophetic speech. After that, all places where the expression power occurs, will be explored and it will be concluded that this expression is tightly connected with signs and miracles. Since the role of the Spirit is the creation of inspired/ prophetic speech, and the role of power is the manifestation of miracles, presentation will explore some examples from Acts and it will be shown how these two »elements« work together, and it is concluded that a verbal message about the historical Jesus (Gospel) is almost always accompanied or even based on some kind of miracle. The conclusion is that for Luke being a witness does not only mean inspired speech about Jesus, but also includes witnessing about Jesus based on what Jesus was doing in his present time. Precisely this temporal aspect – the bond between past which is manifested through inspired/prophetic speech, and present which is manifested in miracles – is a key characteristic and specificity of Lukan concept of witness in the Acts. Key words: witnessing, power, Holy Spirit, signs and miracles, prophecy. 26 Predavanja Lectures Moč in nemoč besede v družbenem dialogu Power and powerlessness of the word within social dialogue Prof. dr. Marija Stanonik Znanstvenoraziskovalni center SAZU (upokoj.) Beseda v romaneskni trilogiji škofa dr. Jožefa Smeja The Word in the Romanesque Trilogy of Bishop Dr. Jožef Smej Povzetek Škof dr. Jožef Smej tematizira kulturno prebujanje Slovenske »okrogline« v treh romanih: Po sledovih zlatega peresa (1980), Psalmi vaškega župnika (1992), Ivanocyjeva skrivnost (2012). V svojem slogu v njih biografsko predstavlja (poleg drugih seveda) tri duhovnike, ki so na katoliški podlagi odločilno vplivali na ozaveščanje slovenstva na območju, ki je pripadalo celó Kocljevi kneževini (9. stol.) in je poslušalo sveta brata Cirila in Metoda, a je po sodbi zgodovine dolga stoletja, vse do konca I. svetovne vojne, pripadalo Madžarski. Mikloš Küzmič, Franc Ivanocy, Ivan Baša so res delovali na robu slovenskega etničnega ozemlja, a so si zato še toliko bolj prislužili literarni spomenik. Z nespregledano željo, da bi jih slovensko, ne le cerkveno, temveč osrednje kulturno zgodovinopisje in zgodovinopisje sploh zaradi zaslug pri vključevanju v slovensko narodno telo samoumevno sprejelo v svoje obzorje kot neizpodbitne stebre pri utrjevanju slovenske narodne identitete v Prekmurju. V skladu z zamislijo simpozija in posebej delavnico z naslovom Moč in nemoč besede v družbenem dialogu se prijavljeni prispevek navezuje na širše obravnavano temo Teologija besede v slovenskem kulturnem in duhovnem prostoru in želi – pač na podlagi Smejeve trilogije – predstaviti prakticirani ekumenizem med prekmurskimi katoličani in evangeličani veliko prej, preden je dialog med njimi postal doktrinaren. Ključne besede: beseda, Beseda (dabar), dialog, ekumenizem, katoličani, evangeličani, Prekmurje, Sveto pismo, slovenstvo. Predavanja Lectures 27 Abstract Bishop Dr. Jožef Smej thematizes the cultural awakening of the Slovene »March« (Prekmurje and Porabje) in three novels: Po sledovih zlatega peresa (1980), Psalmi vaškega župnika (1992), Ivanocyjeva skrivnost (2012). In a particular style, he biographically presents (in addition to others, of course) three priests, who played a decisive role on a Catholic foundation in the awakening of the Slovenes living in a territory that had once belonged even to the Kocel's Principality of Lower Pannonia (9th cent.), and who listened to the holy brothers Cyril and Methodius, but which was, by the ordeal of history, assigned to Hungary for many centuries, i.e. until the end of the first World War. Mikloš Küzmič, Franc Ivanocy, and Ivan Baša have been active on the far edge of Slovene ethnic territory, but they so much the more deserve a literary monument. The Slovene mainstream cultural and historiographical community, not only the ecclesiastical one, should acknowledge them as an irrefutable pillars of strengthening the Slovene national identity in Prekmurje, and recognize their merits for inclusion of this territory in the Slovene national body. In accordance with the symposium’s leading idea, and in particular the workshop entitled Power and Powerlessness of the Word Within Social Dialogue, the article is linked to the wider debated theme The theology of Language in the Slovene Cultural and Spiritual space, and aims – based on the Smej's trilogy – to present ecumenism in practice among the Catholics and Protestants of Prekmurje in a much earlier period, before the dialogue between them became a doctrinarian one. Key words : language, the Word (dabar), dialogue, ecumenism, Catholics, Protestants, Prekmurje, Bible, Slovenianness. Moč in nemoč besede v družbenem dialogu Power and powerlessness of the word within social dialogue Izr. prof. dr. Irena Avsenik Nabergoj Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Znanstvenoraziskovalni center SAZU Etični izzivi literarnih junakov v delih F. M. Dostojevskega, L. N. Tolstoja in I. Cankarja Ethic Challenges of Literary Heroes in the Works of F. M. Dostoyevsky, L. N. Tolstoy and I. Cankar Povzetek Predavanje obravnava izbrane literarne junake ruskih pisateljev Tolstoja in Dostojevskega ter slovenskega pisatelja Ivana Cankarja v njihovih etičnih dilemah. Dostojevski po svojih literarnih junakih predstavlja svoje poglede o duševnih, moralnih in metafizičnih konfliktih. Tolstoj v svojih romanih kaže ogledalo človeških strasti, moči, šibkosti, groze in upanja; rešitev za izpraznjenost sodobnega sveta vidi v duhovnosti, ki najučinkoviteje združuje ljudi vseh kultur in religij. Predavanje bo problem osvetlilo predvsem z likom Raskolnikova v romanu Zločin in kazen, v katerem Dostojevski pokaže pot do očiščenja prek priznanja krivde po storjenem zločinu. Roman bo predstavljen ob primerjavi s Tolstojevo dramo Moč teme, v kateri pisatelj opisuje glavnega junaka v položaju stiske zaradi zločina, ki ga povzročita njegov pohlep in nenadzorovano poželenje, in olajšanja po njegovem kesanju in priznanju krivde pred pravoslavno množico. Ivan Cankar v svojih literarnih delih teme greha, krivde, kazni, vesti in očiščenja včasih neposredno navezuje na zglede Dostojevskega in Tolstoja. Bil je prvi slovenski pisatelj, ki je v ruskih pisateljih iz duhovnega okolja pravoslavne mistike začutil izjemno umetniško veličino in preroško zavest. Teme greha, krivde in očiščenja, ki so bile dotlej v slovenski literaturi v tako pretanjeni in dramatični obliki še neznane, je bil sposoben prenesti v duhovni svet katolištva na Sloven- Abstract The paper deals with some literary heroes of Russian writers Tolstoy and Dostoyevsky and of the Slovenian writer Ivan Cankar in their challenge of ethical dilemmas. By his literary heroes, Dostoyevsky presents his views in terms of psychic, moral and metaphysical conflicts. In his novels, Tolstoy holds a mirror up to our passions, powers, weaknesses, horrors and hopes, and sees the solution for depravity of the contemporary world in spirituality which is the most efficient means to unify people of all cultures and religions. Primarily, the paper will illustrate the issue with the image of Raskolnikov in the novel Crime and Punishment in which Dostoyevsky shows the way to purification through confession of guilt after committing the crime. The novel will be analysed in comparison with Tolstoy's drama The Power of Darkness, in which the writer describes the situation of distress because of the crime caused by the greed and uncontrolled passions of his main hero and of relief after his repentance and pleading guilty in front of the Orthodox community. Ivan Cankar sometimes relates his themes of sin, guilt, punishment, consciousness and purification directly to the models of Dostoyevsky and Tolstoy. He was the first Slovenian writer who perceived the spiritual environment of the Orthodox mystics an extraordinary artistic greatness and prophetic consciousness in Russian 28 Predavanja Lectures Moč in nemoč besede v družbenem dialogu Power and powerlessness of the word within social dialogue skem. Cankar je pomenljivo ilustriral svoje razumevanje skupnega jedra med ljudmi različnih veroizpovedi z besedami: »Če bi bil Rus, bi bil pravoslaven, če bi bil Prus, bi bil protestant, ker sem Slovenec, sem katoličan.« Primerjava med avtorji in njihovimi deli odpira prostor za medbesedilno analizo in interreligiozno hermenevtiko. To omogoča razmislek o vplivu in recepciji literature velikih pisateljev, ki so analitiki človeške duše, na široko javnost v duhu ekumenizma in medreligijskega dialoga. writers. He was able to transmit the themes of sin and purification in the Slovenian literature in this subtle and dramatic yet unknown forms, in the spiritual world of the Catholicism in Slovenia. Cankar significantly illustrated his understanding of a common core among the people of various confessions by saying: »If I were Russian, I would be an Orthodox, if I were Prussian, I would be a Protestant, since I am a Slovenian, I am a Catholic.« A comparison between the authors and their works, a space for intertextual analysis and inter-religious hermeneutics opens. This implies a consideration about the influence and reception of literature of great writers, who are analysts of the human soul, to the broader public in the spirit of ecumenism and inter-religious dialogue. Ključne besede: medreligijski dialog, literatura in teologija, ruska književnost, slovenska književnost, L. N. Tolstoj, F. M. Dostojevski, I. Cankar, intertekstualna analiza, interreligiozna hermenevtika. Key words: inter-religious dialogue, literature and theology, Russian literature, Slovenian literature, L. N. Tolstoy, F. M. Dostoyevsky, I. Cankar, intertextual analysis, inter-religious hermeneutics. Predavanja Lectures 29 Moč in nemoč besede v družbenem dialogu Power and powerlessness of the word within social dialogue Zn. sod. dr. Fanika Krajnc-Vrečko Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Primož Trubar kot prispodoba iskalca in vodnika v razsežnostih sodobnega slovenstva Primož Trubar as Metaphor of a Searcher and Guide Within Dimensions of Modern Slovenianness Povzetek Razprava osvetljuje miselni profil Primoža Trubarja, iz katerega izhaja odločitev za prevajanje Nove zaveze. Pri tem poudarja izvirnost njegove osebnosti, ki je v slovenskem kulturnem prostoru znala uveljaviti svoje poglede, ti so bili – ne glede na tedanje razmere na tleh sedanjega slovenskega etničnega prostora – specifično slovenski. Odgovor na vprašanje, zakaj se Trubar ni lotil prevajanja celotnega Svetega pisma, je preprost. Kakor sta sv. Ciril in Metod za svoje misijonarsko delo med Slovani prevedla najprej evangelije in psalme, šele kasneje pa druge knjige Svetega pisma, tako je Trubar iz povsem praktičnih pastoralnih potreb prevedel novozavezna besedila, ki so jih tudi protestanti najpogosteje uporabljali pri bogoslužju in oznanjevanju evangelija med svojimi verniki. Tako za izhodišče obravnave Trubarjevega prevajanja Svetega pisma postavimo njegov pastoralno‑verski program, katerega rezultat je začetek slovenske tiskane besede in slovenske teologije. Aktualizacija Trubarjevega teološkega in jezikovnega programa se kaže v sedanjem odnosu teologije do potreb sodobnega človeka, ki je iskalec oz. bitje odnosa v vseh časih in prostorih svojega bivanja. Abstract The discussion highlights the mental profile of Primož Trubar, from which the decision to translate the New Testament originates. In this regard, the discussion highlights the originality of his personality, which, in the Slovenian cultural space, was able to enforce its views, which were – regardless of then present situation on the ground of the current Slovenian ethnic territory – specifically Slovenian. The answer to the question why Trubar failed to tackle the translation of the whole Bible is simple. Similarly, as Saints Cyril and Methodius for their missionary work among the Slavs had first translated the Gospels and the Psalms, and only later the other books of the Bible, so did Trubar, from purely practical pastoral needs, translated the texts of New Testament, which were mostly used by Protestants in worshipping and preaching the Gospel among their believers. This way, we set Trubar's pastoral-religious programme as the starting point of addressing his translation of the Bible, the result of which is the beginning of the Slovenian printed word and Slovenian theology. The actualization of Trubar's theological and linguistic programme is reflected in the current relation of theology to the needs of modern man, who is the searcher and the creature of the relationship in all times and places of its existence. Ključne besede: Primož Trubar, teološka antropologija, kulturna antropologija, teologija besede. Key words: Primož Trubar, theological anthropology, cultural anthropology, word theology. 30 Predavanja Lectures Moč in nemoč besede v družbenem dialogu Power and powerlessness of the word within social dialogue Nina Ditmajer, prof. slov. Protestantski in katoliški prevodi Svetega pisma v slovenski jezik kot primer jezikovne dialoškosti Protestant and Catholic Translation of the Bible into the Slovene Language as an Example of Linguistic Dialogism Povzetek V prispevku bodo obravnavani slovenski protestantski prevodi Svetega pisma v odnosu do katoliških prevodov. Pojem jezikovna dialoškost v tem primeru pomeni prevzemanje in jezikovno prilagajanje katoliških prevajalcev po zgledu protestantskih prevodov. V katoliški dobi v 17. stoletju in prvi polovici 18. stoletja so katoliški duhovniki zaradi pomanjkanja priročnikov začeli posegati po protestantskih knjigah: ljubljanski škof Hren se pri izdaji lekcionarja (1612) v veliki meri opira na Dalmatinov prevod in se s tem neposredno naveže na izročilo slovenskih protestantskih piscev. Jurij Japelj, prvi prevajalec celotnega katoliškega Svetega pisma (1784), se je pri prevajanju Nove zaveze prav tako opiral na Dalmatinov prevod. V Prekmurju protestant Števan Küzmič iz grškega izvirnika prevede v prekmurščino Novo zavezo (1771), ki so jo še veliko let uporabljali prekmurski katoliški duhovniki. V 20. stoletju češki misijonar Antonin Chráska za slovenske protestante prevede celotno Sveto pismo iz izvirnih jezikov (1914). Prevod uporabljajo tudi slovenski katoliški prevajalci v 20. in 21. stoletju. Predhodnik ekumenske miselnosti pri prevajanju Svetega pisma je Josip Stritar, ki je skupaj z Remcem in Valjavcem leta 1882 izdal Novo zavezo iz grškega izvirnika. Stritarjev prevod je pri svojem prevajanju uporabljal Janez Evangelist Krek. V zadnjih desetletjih pri prevajanju Svetega pisma sodelujejo tako katoličani kot protestanti: tako Predavanja Lectures 31 Abstract This paper will deal with Slovene Protestant translations of the Bible in relation to the Catholic translations. In this case, the concept of linguistic dialogism means the assumption and linguistic adaptation of the catholic translators according to the Protestant translations. During the Catholic era in the 17th and first half of the 18th century, the Catholic priests started to reach for Protestant books due to the lack of Catholic handbooks: Hren, the bishop of Ljubljana, based the lectionary (1612) to a great extent on the translation by Dalmatin and thereby has a direct association with the traditional Slovene Protestant writers. Jurij Japelj, the first translator of the complete Catholic Bible (1784), also based the translation of the New Testament on the translation by Dalmatin. In Prekmurje (a region of Eastern Slovenia) the Protestant Števan Küzmič translated the New Testament (1771) from the Greek original. This translation was used by the Catholic priests in Prekmurje for many years. In the 20th century, the Czech missionary Antonin Chraska translated the complete Bible from the original languages for the Slovene Protestants (1914). Slovene Catholic translators of the 20th and 21st century still make use of this translation. Josip Stritar, the predecessor of ecumenical thinking in the Bible translation, published the New Testament in 1882 from the Greek original together with Remec and Valjavec. Janez Evangelist Krek used the translation by Stritar while transla- Moč in nemoč besede v družbenem dialogu Power and powerlessness of the word within social dialogue smo dobili najprej ekumensko izdajo (1974), tj. prvo Sveto pismo, namenjeno tako katoličanom kot protestantom, ki je za podlago vzela mariborsko Sveto pismo (1959–61). Slovenski standardni prevod (1996) pa velja za prvi slovenski ekumenski prevod. ting the New Testament. In the last decades, the Catholics and the Protestants have been collaborating in translating the Bible: first we received the ecumenical edition (1974), the first Bible intended for both the Catholics and the Protestants, which is based on the Bible from Maribor (1959–61). The standard Slovene translation (1996) is considered to be the first Slovene ecumenical translation. Ključne besede: Sveto pismo, Trubarjeva Nova zaveza, Dalmatinova Biblija, Japljeva Biblija, Küzmičev Nouvi Zakon, Chráskov prevod, prevajanje, jezikovna dialoškost. Key words: Bible, New Testament by Trubar, the Bible by Dalmatin, the Bible by Japelj, Nouvi Zakon by Küzmič, the translation by Chráska, translating, linguistic dialogism. 32 Predavanja Lectures Moč in nemoč besede v družbenem dialogu Power and powerlessness of the word within social dialogue Cvetka Rezar, prof. slov. in teol. Jezikovno-stilne značilnosti Slomškove pridige Od keršanske zloge ino edinosti u veri Linguistic and Stylistic Characteristics in Slomšek´s Sermon Od keršanske zloge ino edinosti u veri Povzetek V razpravi opozarjam na Slomškovo misel o edinosti, ki se kaže v njegovi pridigi Od keršanske zloge ino edinosti u veri, in predstavljam njegova prizadevanja za edinost. Slomšek si je zelo prizadeval za edinost predvsem na treh področjih: (1) poenotenje slovenskega jezika (slovenske knjižne norme), (2) enotnost slovenskega naroda (bil je velik narodni buditelj) in (3) cerkvena edinost (bil je znan učitelj cerkvenega ekumenizma). Vsi trije vidiki so pri Slomšku medsebojno povezani, saj je imel jasen načrt, kako jih uresničiti. Njegovi pogledi so bili sredi 19. stoletja zelo napredni in v duhu idej, ki so se kasneje uresničile v »pomladi narodov«, prav tako pa so zanimivi in aktualni tudi za vprašanja, ki so povezana s sodobnim slovenskim jezikom, narodom in Cerkvijo. Pri posredovanju teh načel je imela posebno vlogo ravno beseda, ki jo je med slovenski narod posredoval s pomočjo različnih spisov, knjig, zbornikov, založniške dejavnosti in predvsem s pomočjo pridig. V drugem delu bom s pomočjo jezikovno-stilne analize pokazala, da je njegova pridiga napisana v kultiviranem zbornem jeziku, ki je funkcijskozvrstno umetnostni in tako na poseben jezikovno-stilni način poziva k edinosti. Pri tem izpostavljam najbolj opazna jezikovno-stilna sredstva Slomškove pridige, ki dokazujejo veliko izrazno moč njegove besede. Ključne besede: Slomšek, pridiga, jezikovno-stilna analiza, edinost, ekumenizem. Predavanja Lectures 33 Abstract In this discussion, Slomšek´s thought of unity expressed in his sermon Od keršanske zloge ino edinosti u veri, is being brought to your attention, as well as his endeavours for the unity are being introduced. Slomšek was striving hard for the unity, especially in the following three fields: (1) unifying Slovene language (Slovene literary standard), (2) unity of the Slovene nation (he was a great national awakener) and (3) an ecclesiastic unity (he was a renowned teacher of ecumenism). In Slomšek´s case, the three viewpoints are interconnected, since he had a fixed plan of how to carry them out. In the middle of the 19th century, his views had been well abreast of the times and in the spirit of the ideas which were later acted out in »the Spring of Nations«, and are also interesting and up-to-date with regard to the questions connected to Slovene language, nation and the Church. By the intervention of these principles, the word delivered among the Slovene nation by means of different files, books, codices, publishing, and above all through sermons, had a specific role. In the second part, by means of linguistic and stylistic analysis, it is presented that his sermon is being written in a cultivated literary language of artistic variety according to the field of discourse, and in a specific linguistic and stylistic manner calls up to the unification. According to that, the most obvious linguistic and stylistic means in Slomšek´s sermons are being highlighted, proving the great power of expression of his word. Key words: Slomšek, sermon, linguistic and stylistic analysis, unity, ecumenism. Moč in nemoč besede v družbenem dialogu Power and powerlessness of the word within social dialogue Doc. dr. Maria Carmela Palmisano Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Beseda v dialogu v Sirahovi knjigi The Word in the Dialogue in the Book of Sirach Povzetek Modri Ben Sira se v svojem delu večkrat ustavlja pri razmišljanju o človeškem govorjenju (5,9– 6,1; 19,4–17; 20,1–8.18–26.27–31; 23,7–15; 27,11–21.22–29; 28,8–26; 37,16–18; glej tudi 51,1–12). Kot učitelj modrosti vzgaja mlade k pravemu govorjenju, tako da osvetljuje vse možne polarnosti v uporabi besede – med tišino in besedo, med zunanjostjo in notranjostjo, med modrim in nespametnim govorjenjem – ter prikazuje vse elemente, ki vplivajo na moder/nespameten govor/govornika. Ker je Ben Sira ne le »modrec«, temveč tudi »teolog«, opazimo, da se v knjigi večkrat dvigne z ravni človeške modrosti na raven modrosti Boga, ki je izvir vseh modrosti, besede in milosti, saj je nespametno govorjenje pogosto povezano z grehom in grešnim ravnanjem. V svojem načinu razmišljanja, s katerim se večkrat vrača z različnih zornih kotov na isto tematiko, modri Ben Sira daje posebno mesto molitvi, v kateri se Bogu priporoča za zmernost v uporabi jezika. Prav tako se k njemu obrača za pomoč ali zahvalo, kot na primer takrat, ko je postal tarča obrekovanja in krivičnega govorjenja. Prispevek osvetljuje značilnosti večjih enot, ki obravnavajo to temo, in jih obravnava v dialogu z izročili zunajsvetopisemske književnosti, v luči starozaveznega modrostnega izročila in še posebej znotraj zgodovine odrešenja. Abstract In his book, a wise Ben Sira frequently reflects upon human talking (5.9−6.1; 19.4−17; 20.1−8.18−26.27−31; 23.7−15; 27,11−21.22−29; 28.8−26; 37.16−18; see also 51.1−12). As a teacher of wisdom he educates the youth to the right talking by illuminating various polarities in the use of a word: between the silence and the word, between the exterior and the interior, between a wise and a foolish talk, and shows all the elements that influence the wise/foolish talk/speaker. Since Ben Sira is not only a »wise man« but also a »theologian«, one can see that throughout the book he often goes beyond the level of human wisdom towards the level of the wisdom of God who is the source of all wisdom, of the word and grace, since foolish speaking is often associated with sin and sinful behaviour. In his way of thinking, by which he repeatedly keeps dealing with the same topic from various perspectives, the wise Ben Sira dedicates a special place to the prayer, through which he asks God to be able to use the language moderately. Furthermore, he turns to God for help or thanksgiving, as for example when he himself became the object of calumny and false talk. The article highlights the features of the larger units that deal with this topic and reads them in a dialogue with the traditions of extra-Biblical literature, in the light of the wisdom tradition in the Old Testament and especially within the history of salvation. Ključne besede: beseda, jezik, srce, tišina, obrekovanje, modrost, molitev. Key words: word, tongue, heart, silence, calumny, wisdom, prayer. 34 Predavanja Lectures Moč in nemoč besede v družbenem dialogu Power and powerlessness of the word within social dialogue Doc. dr. Terezija S. Večko Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani (upokoj.) Sveto pismo v dialogu s kulturami The Holy Scripture in the Dialogue With the Cultures Povzetek Referat želi osvetliti trditev o zmožnosti Svetega pisma, da vstopa v dialog s kulturami, na primeru melanezijske kulture; in sicer na izkustvu poučevanja Svetega pisma Stare zaveze v bogoslovju na Salomonovih otokih v letih 2012 in 2014. Zastavljajo se naslednja vprašanja: Ali je oddaljenost Svetega pisma od sveta njegovega izvora ovira za njegovo razumevanje? Ali je poučevanje ljudi, pri katerih je krščanstvo zelo mlado in prepleteno s starodavnimi verovanji, nadaljnja ovira? Kako najti stik, odnos, dialog med kulturo, v kateri je Sveto pismo nastalo, in kulturo določenega ljudstva? V referatu se ustavim ob zmožnosti Svetega pisma, ki je opremljeno tako, da lahko preživi svoje avtorje in svoj čas ter se sooči z bralci vzdolž svojega potovanja skozi zgodovino. Literarni pristop k Svetemu pismu se izkazuje kot pot k njegovemu razumevanju. Skrben bralec lahko v njem odkrije sporočilo v notranjem pogovoru z besedilom. Besedilo vstopa v odnos z njim. Med svetom, ki ga uteleša in prebuja Sveto pismo, ter med bralčevim svetom se odvija dialog, medosebnost. Nadalje predstavim še nekaj opažanj o odnosu med študenti Salomonovih otokov in sporočilom Svetega pisma. Abstract The paper will demonstrate the ability of the Holy Scripture to enter into a dialogue with cultures. That will be shown on the example of the Melanesian culture, concretely, on the author’s experience of the lecturing on the Old Testament in the seminary on the Solomon Islands in 2012 and 2014. There are some questions surfacing by themselves, such as the following ones: Does the remoteness of the Holy Scripture from the world of its origin present an obstacle for its understanding? Is teaching people, that have accepted Christianity only recently, a further obstacle? How to find the contact, the relation, a dialogue between the culture in which the Holy Scripture originates, and the culture of another people? The paper pays attention to the ability of the Holy Scripture which has an extraordinary characteristic, namely its independence to overlive the authors and the time of the origin, and the ability to confront with its readers on its way throughout the history. The literary approach to the Holy Scripture proves as a convenient way of its comprehension. An attentive reader can find the message in it through the inner dialogue with the text. The text enters into the relation with the reader. Between the world that the Holy Scripture embodies and awakes, and the reader's world, there is an ongoing dialogue, an interpersonal relation. Furthermore, I will present some observations concerning the relation between the students of the Solomon Islands and the message of the Holy Scripture. Ključne besede: Sveto pismo, dialog med kulturami, literarni pristop, Salomonovi otoki, poučevanje. Key words: Holy Scripture, dialogue between cultures, literary approach, Solomon Islands, lecturing. Predavanja Lectures 35 Moč in nemoč besede v družbenem dialogu Power and powerlessness of the word within social dialogue Dr. Roberta Ronchiato Facoltà Teologica del Triveneto Le parole di Mosè come veicolo dell’identità di Israele Moses’ Words as a Vehicle of Israel’s Identity Povzetek Il Deuteronomio compendia le parole che Mosè nel giorno della sua morte rivolge agli israeliti raccolti sulle steppe di Moab. Prima di attraversare il Giordano, egli esorta i suoi uditori ad assumere uno sguardo retrospettivo e a rammentare precisi eventi del passato collegati all’esodo e alla teofania all’Oreb. La sua intenzione non è tuttavia di ravvivare ricordi eventualmente sbiaditi. Mosè parla alla seconda generazione uscita dall’Egitto (la prima, quella dei »padri«, è morta nel deserto), e dunque chiede agli israeliti di »oggi« di ricordare qualcosa che essi non hanno mai biograficamente conosciuto. In questa contraddizione risiede la specificità del Dt in quanto Libro incaricato di attuare una rilettura teologica del passato allo scopo di colmare la distanza tra i protagonisti dell'esodo e i loro figli: quanto Mosè compie non è dunque una semplice comunicazione informativa sulla storia. Più radicalmente, attraverso accorte strategie retoriche e narrative, egli intende creare una memoria collettiva di Israele e al contempo educare la memoria dei singoli uditori. Il racconto di Mosè svela a ogni uditore la sua origine (»da dove viene«: memoria personale) e identità (»chi è«: memoria di sé o autocoscienza, self-schema). Chiunque si riconosce »figlio di Israele« si riconosce inevitabilmente nell'insieme dei ricordi testimoniali e testamentari di Mosè. Per questo ruolo decisivo nella costruzione identitaria, saranno le parole di Mosè, codificate nel Libro, a entrare nella terra promessa. Abstract The Book of Deuteronomy reports what Moses said on the day of his death to the Israelites gathered in the plains of Moab. Before they cross the Jordan River, Moses exhorts to the Israelites to look back at the events connected with the exodus and the Theophany on Mount Horeb. However, his aim was not to enliven the fading memories. Moses is speaking to the second generation after the exodus (the first one, that of the ‘fathers’ had died in the desert); as a matter of fact, Moses is asking the living Israelites to recollect something that they have never experienced during their lifetime. On this contradiction lays the specific quality of the Deuteronomy, a book that should elicit a theological interpretation of the past in order to bridge the gap between those who experienced the exodus and their children who did not. Thus, Moses’ words are not mere information on historical events. Indeed, by means of accurate rhetorical and narrative devices, he wants to build up the collective memory of Israel and at the same time form the memory of every listener. To every one of them Moses’ narrative reveals their origin (»where they come from«, their personal memory/history) as well as their identity (who they are; the memory of the self, or self-consciousness, self-schema). Anyone who declares oneself a »child of Israel« inevitably identifies himself or herself 36 Predavanja Lectures Moč in nemoč besede v družbenem dialogu Power and powerlessness of the word within social dialogue Non Mosè, dunque, ma le sue parole assicureranno il profilo del popolo dell'alleanza, lungo i secoli e al contatto con etnie o culture diverse. with (the collection of) Moses’ testimony and testamental memories. With the crucial role that Moses’ words have in the construction of identity, as is being codified in the Book, they will enter the promised land. Therefore, not Moses, but his words will ensure the profile of the people of the covenant through the times and the contact with other peoples and cultures. Ključne besede: memoria collettiva, seconda generazione, costruzione dell'identità, parole di Mosè, libro del Deuteronomio, interpretazione teologica del passato. Key words: collective memory, second generation, construction of identity, Mose's words, Book of Deuteronomy, theological interpretation of the past. Predavanja Lectures 37 Moč in nemoč besede v družbenem dialogu Power and powerlessness of the word within social dialogue Doc. dr. Aleš Maver Filozofska fakulteta, Univerza v Mariboru BRATA IN MAČEHA: težavno sobivanje Judov in kristjanov pod (poganskim) rimskim okriljem TWO BROTHERS AND THEIR STEPMOTHER: A Difficult Co-Existence of Jews and Christians Under the (Pagan) Roman Aegis Povzetek Velikokrat je bilo opaženo, da so rimske oblasti judovsko in krščansko vero obravnavale na precej različna načina. Čeprav vsaj po judovskih uporih v drugi polovici prvega in v prvi polovici 2. stoletja po Kr. niti na Jude niso gledali s posebno naklonjenostjo, je bil njihov položaj vendarle boljši. Prispevek skuša pojasniti ne vedno lahko razumljive vzroke takega odnosa s koreninami v posebnostih rimske državne religije, predvsem pa, kako je različna obravnava vplivala na odnose med obema skupnostma in kako je zaznamovala krščanski pogled na judovstvo v poznejših stoletjih. Dotakne se tudi vprašanja podobnosti in razlik med položajem judovstva v rimski državi pred uveljavitvijo krščanstva kot prevladujoče vere in po njej. Abstract It is a well established fact that the Jewish and Christian religion were treated by Roman authorities in two very different ways. Although at least since the great Jewish rebellions in the second half of the first century and in the first half of the second century AD, Jews were not seen by the Romans in a particularly favourable light, their legal condition was nevertheless better. The paper tries to explain the causes of such discrepancy rooted in specific traits of the Roman state religion, which are not always easily comprehensible, but most of all it tries to explore, how such a different treatment affected the relationship between the two religious groups, as well as how it shaped the Christian view of Judaism during centuries to come. The paper also addresses the issue of similarities and differences regarding the position of Judaism under the Roman Empire before and after the establishment of Christianity as its dominating religious force. Ključne besede: zgodnje krščanstvo, judovstvo, rimsko poganstvo, religija in družba, antijudaizem v antiki, Ambrozij Milanski, rimska verska politika. Key words: early Christianity, Judaism, Roman paganism, religion and society, Anti-Judaism in antiquity, Ambrose of Milan, Roman religious policies. 38 Predavanja Lectures Moč in nemoč besede v družbenem dialogu Power and powerlessness of the word within social dialogue Izr. prof. dr. Rodoljub Kubat Pravoslavni Bogoslovski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu Светоотачка егзегеза – могућа парадигма за савремену егзегезу Exegesis of Church Fathers – A Possible Paradigm for Contemporary Exegesis Povzetek Циљ рада је да покаже светоотачке херменеутичке моделе као могуће узоре за савремену библијску егзегезу и теологију. То се, пре свега, односи на методолошка и општа херменеутичка питања која су повезивала хришћанску егзегезу са егзегезом њихових јелинских савременика (стоика, неоплатониста). Упоредном анализом егзегетских приступа покушавамо да укажемо на чињеницу да је теолошки говор једино смислен и могућ, ако се одвија у сродним херменеутичким оквирима, то јест ако теологија креће од општеважећих језичких и идејних претпоставки. Јелински оци су често прибегавали алегорези, егзегетској методи коју су користили и тумачи хомеријане. За јелински образоване људе алегореза је била начин да се превазиђу проблеми при разумевању Светог Писма, ако би се оно схватило у дословном значењу (нпр. антропоморфизми). Сличан принцип су примењивали стоици и неоплатонисти приликом тумачења хомеровских и других античких митова. Тезу ћемо експлицирати на примеру тумачења Методија Олимпског једог одељка Књиге пророка Јоне. Тај егзегетски приступ упоредићемо са тумачењима његових савременика – Плотина, Порфирија и Јулијана Апостата. Управо у тој тачки се показује колико су оци Predavanja Lectures 39 Abstract The aim of this article is to point at hermeneutic models of the Church Fathers as possible examples for modern Biblical exegesis and theology. Above all, this relates to methodological and general hermeneutic issues which connected Christian exegesis with exegesis of their Hellenic contemporaries (stoics, neoplatonists). We will try to point, by the way of comparative analysis of exegetic approaches, to the fact that theological speech is meaningful and possible only if it takes place in cognate hermeneutic frameworks, that is, if theology has as its starting point pervasive linguistic and notional presuppositions. Hellenic fathers often resorted to allegoresis, an exegetic method often used by interpreters of Homer's writings (homeriane). To the people of Hellenic education, allegoresis was a way to overcome problems in understanding of the Bible, if it was to be understood literally (e.g. anthropomorphisms). Similar principle was applied by stoics and neoplatonists in interpreting the Homeric and other antique myths. The thesis will be explicated on the example of interpretation by Methodius of Olympus, of a passage of the Book of Jonah. That exegetic approach will be compared to the interpretations of his contemporaries – Plotinus, Porphyry and Julian the Apostate. It is precisely at this point that we can show how the Fathers participated in the world in which they lived, by Moč in nemoč besede v družbenem dialogu Power and powerlessness of the word within social dialogue методолошки и мисаоно партиципирали у свету у којем су живели, што се данас тешко може рећи за хришћанску егзегезу и теологију. У том смислу отачка егзегеза може бити изнова занимљива и подстицајна за савремена теолошка промишљања. Поготово, у покушају савремене теологије да ступи у отворен дијалог са светом у којем живи. thought and methodology, which can hardly be said for today’s Christian exegesis and theology. In this sense, exegesis of the Church Fathers can be interesting and stimulating for modern theological reflections. This is especially the case of modern theology’s attempt to enter into an open dialogue with the world in which it lives. Ključne besede: свети оци, егзегеза, културни модел, комуниколошки код, алегореза, језик, разумевање, сродност. Key words: Holy Fathers, exegesis, cultural model, communicological code, allegoresis, language, understanding, cognateness. 40 Predavanja Lectures Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue Prof. dr. Predrag Puzović Pravoslavni Bogoslovski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu Medjufakultetski ekumenski simposijumi od 1974. do 1990. godine Inter-Faculty Ecumenical Symposia 1974−1990 Povzetek Medjufakultetski ekumenski simposijumi počeli su 1974. i trajali su do 1990. godine. Organizatori ovih simposiona bili su naizmenično tri bogoslovska fakulteta: Rimokatolički bogoslovski fakultet iz Ljubljane/Maribora, Rimokatolicki bogoslovni fakultet iz Zagreba i Pravoslavni bogoslovski fakultet Srpske pravoslavne crkve iz Beograda. Simposijumi su se odzavali svake druge godine. Pored profesora i studenata ova tri Fakulteta simposijumima su prisustvovali kao gosti predstavnici pravoslavnih bogoslovija, rimokatolickih visokih boslovskih skola, isusovacko -filosofskog teoloskog instituta iz Zagreba, makedonske pravoslavne bogoslovije iz Skoplja i drugi gosti. Ukupno je odrzano 9 medjufakultetskih ekumenskih simposiona. Predavanja Lectures 41 Abstract Inter-faculty ecumenical symposia started in 1974 and lasted until 1990. The organizers of these symposia were alternatively three theological faculties: Rimokatolički bogoslovski fakultet Ljubljana/Maribor, Rimokatolički bogoslovni fakultet Zagreb, and Pravoslavni bogoslovski fakultet Srpske pravoslavne Crkve Beograd. The symposia were held every other year. Aside from the professors and students of these three faculties, there were also guest-representatives from Orthodox seminaries, Roman Catholic higher theological schools, the Jesuit Theological Institute in Zagreb, Macedonian orthodox Theological seminary in Skopje and others. All in all, nine inter-faculty ecumenical symposia were held. Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue Dr. Stanko Jambrek Biblijski institut Zagreb Evanđeosko kršćanstvo i međureligijski dijalog: Odjeci 'Projekta svjetskog etosa' Evangelical Christianity and Inter-Religious Dialogue: Echoes of the »World Ethos Project« Povzetek U prvome dijelu rasprave donosi se pregled odnosa evanđeoskog kršćanstva prema međureligijskom dijalogu te se naznačuju temeljna načela za vođenje dijaloga. U drugome dijelu analiziraju se ključni dokumenti evanđeoskoga kršćanstva kojima je definiran odnos prema religijama i u kojima se naziru odjeci Küngova »Projekta svjetski etos«. U trećem dijeli analizira se Deklaracija o svjetskoj etici iz perspektive evanđeoskog kršćanstva i dokumenta Christian Witness in a Multi-Religious World: Recommendations for Conduct koji su 2011. usvojili i potpisali predstavnici World Council of Churches, Pontifical Council for Inter-religious Dialogue i World Evangelical Alliance. Abstract The first part of this discussion is an overview of the attitude of evangelical Christianity toward inter-religious dialogue, and it indicates the basic principles of maintaining dialogue. The second part analyses key documents of evangelical Christianity which define the attitude toward religions and in which the echoes of Küng »World ethos project« can be seen. The third part analyses the »Declaration of world ethics« from the perspective of evangelical Christianity and the document »Christian Witness in a Multi-Religious World: Recommendations for Conduct«, which was accepted and signed in 2011 by the representatives of the World Council of Churches, Pontifical Council for Inter-religious Dialogue and World Evangelical Alliance. Ključne besede: evanđeosko kršćanstvo, međureligijski dijalog, ekumenski dijalog, etika, misija. Key words: evangelical Christianity, inter-religious dialogue, ecumenical dialogue, ethics, mission. 42 Predavanja Lectures Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue Doc. dr. Mari Jože Osredkar Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Krščanski dialog v medčloveških odnosih Christian Dialogue in Human Relationships Povzetek Od leta 1054, ko se je zgodil vzhodni razkol, smo bili navajeni v dokumentih Katoliške cerkve prebirati dokumente, ki so o nekatoliških kristjanih pa tudi o nekristjanih in nevernih govorili v izrazito negativni luči. Drugi vatikanski koncil je prvi cerkveni zbor, ki pozitivno spregovori o vseh tistih, ki so »onkraj« katoliških meja. Temelje ekumenske usmeritve Cerkve in medverskega dialoga najdemo v Dogmatični konstituciji o Cerkvi. Brez dvoma je to tudi temeljni dokument za razumevanje koncilskega nauka o odrešenju in hkrati za ekumenizem in medverski dialog. Kot referenca je služil naslednjim dokumentom: Odlok o ekumenizmu, Pastoralna konstitucija o Cerkvi v sedanjem svetu, Izjava o razmerju Cerkve do nekrščanskih verstev in Odlok o misijonski dejavnosti Cerkve. V prispevku bomo predstavili rdečo nit naštetih dokumentov in postavili tezo, da je »dialoški« nauk zadnjega cerkvenega zbora navodilo sodobnemu človeku, kakor reševati medčloveške odnose, za katere se zdi, da so v krizi. Abstract Since 1054, when the eastern conflict occurred in the Church, in the writings of the Catholic Church we have been accustomed to read texts focused on non-Catholic Christians, non-Christians as well as non-believers in a very negative light. The Second Vatican Council was the first church synod speaking positively about all these groups lying »beyond« Catholic borders. The foundations of an ecumenical orientation of the Church and inter-religious dialogue are found in the Dogmatic Constitution on the Church (Lumen Gentium). Without doubt, this is the seminal text for understanding the doctrine of salvation and, at the same time, the doctrine of ecumenism and inter-religious dialogue of the last Council. As a point of reference, this document had influenced the following writings of the Council: Decree on Ecumenism (Unitatis Redintegratio), Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World (Gaudium et Spes), Declaration on the Relationship of the Church to Non-Christian Religions (Nostra Aetate), and Decree on the Church's Missionary Activity (Ad Gentes). In this paper, we will present common threads of these essays and propose the thesis that the »dialogical« doctrine of the last Council instructs the modern man, how to work out interpersonal relationships, which seem to be in crisis. Ključne besede: ekumenizem, medreligijski dialog, nauk drugega vatikanskega koncila, medčloveški odnosi, kriza. Key words: ecumenical orientation of the Church, inter-religious dialogue, doctrine of the last Council, interpersonal relationships, crisis. Predavanja Lectures 43 Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue Izr. prof. dr. Avguštin Lah Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Realnost in vizija v ekumenski misli Stanka Janežiča Reality and Vision in Ecumenical Thought of Stanko Janežič Povzetek Ekumenski dialog, ki je v Katoliški cerkvi dobil legitimnost in zagon na 2. vatikanskem koncilu, je zaživel tudi med Slovenci. S svojim teoretično-strokovnim, praktično-pastoralnim in religiozno-duhovnim ustvarjanjem in delom na področju ekumenizma v slovenskem prostoru izstopa Stanko Janežič. Janežičevo ekumensko delo in misel po eni strani zaznamuje realizem, grajen na sprejemanju stvarne needinosti, ki se kaže v pestri različnosti krščanskih Cerkva, teologij, praks in duhovnih drž, po drugi strani pa njegov neuklonljivi vizionarski optimizem, da je mogoče misliti, graditi in živeti krščansko paradigmo ene (edine) Kristusove Cerkve kot »edinost v različnosti«. Janežičev vizionarski optimizem ima korenine v njegovi optimistični, pesniški, k lepoti stvarstva usmerjeni naravi in dialoški osebnosti, v veri, da je vsak človek, odrešen v velikonočni skrivnosti, dober, da je bogastvo ene in edine Cerkve le v njeni pestrosti (raznolikosti) ter da je izvor, vir in model edinosti Cerkve troedini Bog kot občestvo ljubezni. Ljubezen ustvarja edinost, ne da bi odpravljala različnosti. Abstract The ecumenical dialogue, which gained its legitimacy and momentum in the Catholic Church at the 2nd Vatican Council, have been revived also among the Slovenes. Stanko Janežič particularly stands out with his theoretical and professional, practical-pastoral and religious-spiritual creation and work in the field of ecumenism in the Slovenian territory . On the one hand, his ecumenical work and thought characterizes realism, built upon adoption of the real non-unity, which is reflected in the rich diversity of Christian churches, theologies, practices and spiritual attitudes, and on the other hand, his unbending visionary optimism, that it is possible to think of, build and live the Christian paradigm of one (only) Church of Christ as »unity in diversity«. Janežič's visionary optimism is rooted in his optimistic, poetical nature oriented towards the beauty of creation and dialogic personality, in belief, that every human, redeemed in the Paschal Mystery, is a good man, that the wealth of one and only Church is only in its variety (diversity) and that the origin, source and the model of the unity of the Church is the Trinitarian Good as a community of love. Love creates unity without eliminating diversity. Ključne besede: Stanko Janežič ekumenist, ekumenski dialog, edinost Cerkve, različnost v edinosti, ljubezen vez edinosti. Key words: ecumenist Stanko Janežič, ecumenical dialogue, unity of the Church, diversity in unity, love the bond of unity. 44 Predavanja Lectures Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue Doc. dr. Ivan Platovnjak Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Pomen posta: pogledi Katoliške in Pravoslavne cerkve The Meaning of Fasting: The Perspective of Catholic and Orthodox Church Povzetek V današnjem času, ki je, kot se zdi, prednostno zaznamovan z iskanjem materialnega blagostanja, se post vse pogosteje pojavlja kot terapija za zdravljenje telesa, še posebej kot shujševalna in lepotna terapija. Post gotovo na različne načine vpliva na telesno zdravje, vprašanje pa je, če je to njegov prvi in prvotni namen. Vsekakor lahko rečemo, da mnogi kristjani ne poznajo več temeljnega pomena posta za njihovo življenje in poslanstvo. Če se ozremo v zgodovino krščanstva, lahko vidimo, da se je, posebej v Katoliški cerkvi, počasi izgubljalo prvotno »navdušenje« oziroma prvotna velikodušnost za post. V dokumentih drugega vatikanskega cerkvenega zbora se post omenja samo dvakrat, v KKC pa trikrat. V Katoliški cerkvi je tudi strogi post zapovedan samo dvakrat. Drugače je v Pravoslavni cerkvi, kjer je v cerkvenem letu post zelo pogost. Sicer pa obe poudarjata, da je post pomembno sredstvo za duhovno in telesno življenje ljudi. V pričujočem predavanju želimo prikazati poglede Katoliške in Pravoslavne cerkve na post. Postavljamo tezo, da je globlje poznavanje njunih pogledov na post pot do globljega umevanja pomena posta, ki se je v sodobni zahodni Evropi med kristjani precej izgubil. Abstract As it seems, the present time is mainly marked with seeking material welfare. Therefore, fasting is more and more used as medical treatment, especially as a diet and beauty therapy. In various ways, fasting helps to improve health, but is this really its first and primary purpose? It could be said that many Christians are no more familiar with the primary purpose of fasting for their life and mission. A look back in the history of Christianity tells us that the first ‘enthusiasm’ or the primary generosity for fasting was slowly lost, especially in the Catholic Church. In the documents of the Second Vatican Council, fasting is mentioned only twice, and in the Catechism of the Catholic Church only three times. In the Catholic Church, complete abstinence is required only twice a year. On the other hand, in the Orthodox Church fasting is rather common. Both of the Churches state fasting as important means for spiritual and physical life of people. The author of the lecture wants to present the view of the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church on fasting and also on its purpose. The author argues the point that deeper knowing of the view of the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church on fasting is a way to deeply understand the meaning of fasting, which has been lost in the modern Western Europe. Ključne besede: post, duhovno življenje, telesno življenje, (duhovno in telesno) zdravje, zgodovina posta, Katoliška cerkev, Pravoslavna cerkev. Key words : fasting, spiritual life, physical life, (spiritual and physical) health, the history of fasting, the Catholic Church, the Orthodox Church. Predavanja Lectures 45 Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue Doc. dr. Leon Debevec Fakulteta za arhitekturo, Univerza v Ljubljani Patologija sodobne krščanske sakralne arhitekture kot komunikacijske infrastrukture v življenju Cerkve Pathology of the Contemporary Sacral Architecture as Communicational Infrastructure in the Life of Church Povzetek Prispevek tematizira problem komunikacijskega potenciala krščanske sakralne arhitekture. Bogoslužna stavba je kot prostorska nujnost v človekovi želji po komunikaciji s presežnim hkrati sad interakcije Cerkve (institucije), občestva vernikov in umetnika/-ov. Zato je edinstvena komunikacijska infrastruktura v vsaj treh pogledih: v odnosu oseba – Bog, v odnosih med subjekti, odgovornimi za njen obstoj, in v odnosu med izročilom, ki mu pripada, ter stvarnostjo, v kateri je navzoča. Dezorientiranost bogoslužnega prostora, njegova hierarhična inverznost, simbolna nevtralnost (trivialnost) in obredna poljudnost (poljubnost) so samo nekateri patološki znaki v sodobni krščanski sakralni arhitekturi, ki kažejo na globoko krizo v vseh treh naštetih komunikacijskih plasteh. Abstract The paper deals with the problem of the power of Christian sacral architecture communication. A place of worship as a spatial necessity in human desire to communicate with transcendency is a result of interaction between Church (institution), congregation and artist(s). Therefore, it is a unique infrastructure for communication through at least three different views: in relation between man and God, in relations between fields responsible for its existence and finally in the relation between the tradition that sacral building belongs to and reality in which it is present. Disorientation of sacral space, its hierarchical inversiveness, the neutrality of its symbolic meanings and ritual arbitrarity are only few pathological signs in Christian contemporary sacral architecture that shows a deep crisis in all of the three presented levels of communication. Ključne besede: umetnost, sakralna arhitektura, komunikacija, dialog, liturgija, drugi vatikanski koncil. Key words: art, sacral architecture, communication, dialogue, liturgy, the Second Vatican Council. 46 Predavanja Lectures Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue Doc. dr. Tadej Stegu Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Simbolna teologija in povezovalna moč umetnosti Theology of Symbol and the Connecting Power of Art Povzetek Spoznavanje, ki se dogaja po simbolu in daje prostor ne le razmišljanju, ampak tudi umetniškemu izražanju, se kaže kot pot, ki bi lahko v našem racionalističnem času namesto delnega (parcialnega) spoznavanja ponudila celostno (integralno) spoznanje stvarnosti in Stvarnika. Simbolno spoznanje je blizu teologiji, saj dopušča zedinjenje dveh svetov, ki pa vendar ostajata ločena. Ustvarjeno je drugo od Boga, vendar pa je prostor njegovega razodevanja, saj ga je sposobno sprejeti. Ta sposobnost se v vsej polnosti razodeva v utelešenju (inkarnaciji). V inkarnaciji je presežen prepad med Stvarnikom in ustvarjenim. Tako more vsaka stvar na neki način postati »zakramentalna«, saj je odsev Božje prisotnosti in sledi tega, kar On pusti v svojih delih. Naš besednjak in naša razumska obdelava bosta vedno nezadostna za izraženje Božje resničnosti. Bog vedno presega to, kar moremo o njem izreči ali misliti. Toda naš besednjak, čeprav je slaboten, vendar ohranja moč, da prikliče in stori prisotno tisto, kar pripoveduje. Božji glas nam govori v mejah in ujetosti človeške izkušnje. Greh je zgradil zid med človekom in Bogom. Zid, ki ga je Kristus prišel zrušit s svojo inkarnacijo in vsem svojim odrešilnim delom. Kristus, v čigar skrivnosti se združujeta Bog in človek, daje zadnji smisel stvarjenju. To zedinjenje vsega v Kristusu skuša razložiti krščanska likovna umetnost, za katero se zdi, da se navdihuje ob pravoslavni ikoni. S Kristusovim prihodom materija postaPredavanja Lectures 47 Abstract Cognition through symbols, which allows thinking as well as artistic expression, appears as a way towards a comprehensive (integral) knowledge of reality and the Creator, rather than merely a partial one, which is so characteristic of our era of rationalism. The symbol cognition is familiar to theology, since it allows the union of two worlds while keeping them separated. Although creation is other than God, it is capable of accepting its Creator and, therefore, a place of His manifestation. This capability is fully evident in the Incarnation which bridges the gulf between the Creator and His creature. Every creature is »sacramental«, since it reflects God's presence and bears traces of his activity. Due to its limitations, human vocabulary and rational processes will never be able to adequately express the reality of God who transcends all our concepts and utterances about Him. Yet, even our weak vocabulary is capable of summoning and making present what it refers to. God speaks to us within the limits and the entrapment of our experience. A sin created a wall between man and God, which was torn down by Christ's incarnation and redemption. Christ, in whose mystery God and man became one again, gives the ultimate meaning to all creation. Christian visual art, which seems to be inspired by the Orthodox icon, strives to express and explain this union of all things in Christ. With His coming, a matter has become an expression, an account of love between God and man. Observation thro- Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue ja izraz, pripoved o ljubezni med Bogom in človekom. V umetnini se ta združitev izraža in razodeva. Simbolno gledanje pomeni zajemati iz pojavne stvarnosti, ne da bi se zaustavili na empirični površini stvari, ampak komunicirali z močjo življenja, ki se v njih in po njih posreduje. Zato je v tej umetnosti pot simbola pot celostnega spoznavanja, ki Kristusa postavlja v središče vesolja in zgodovine. ugh symbols is an attempt to grasp the essence from the appearance − without stopping at the empirical surface of things − by communicating with the power of life conveyed in and through them. The way of symbols in art is, therefore, a way of integral cognition which places Christ at the center of the universe and history. Ključne besede: simbol, teologija simbola, ikona, umetnost, celostno spoznavanje. Key words: symbol, theology of symbol, icon, art, integrated cognition. 48 Predavanja Lectures Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue Dr. David Bresciani Zavod sv. Ignacija Vpliv katoliških teologov na liturgično teologijo Alexandra Schmemanna The Influence of Catholic Theologians on the Liturgical Theology of Alexander Schmemann Povzetek Pater Aleksander Schmemann je poznan predvsem po delih o liturgični teologiji. Odraščal je v Parizu, kot ruski pravoslavni duhovnik in teolog je deloval v ZDA. Dobro je poznal zahodni svet, tako katoliški kot tudi protestantski, izhajal pa je iz vzhodne cerkvene, liturgične, teološke tradicije ruskega porekla. Medtem ko si je prizadeval za pristno občo pravoslavno identiteto, ki ne bi bila vezana samo na etnične, kulturne in geografske meje, je bil ekumensko dejaven človek in je verjel v novost in ustvarjalnost, ki ju prinaša srečanje raznih cerkvenih in kulturnih tradicij. Bil je povezovalna osebnost, izražal je neko kulturno, cerkveno in teološko sintezo med svetovi, kulturami, jeziki, pogledi, v katerih je odraščal, živel in zorel kot duhovnik, teolog, mislec, kulturnik. Poleg pravoslavne teološke tradicije je nanj pomembno vplival tudi teološki preporod, značilen za katoliško Francijo v prvi polovici prejšnjega stoletja. To še posebej poudari njegov dolgoletni kolega, pravoslavni duhovnik in teolog John Meyendorff. V pričujočem prispevku želi avtor predvsem osvetliti omenjeni vpliv. Vpliv ni negativen pojem, ampak govori o odnosu, ki je temeljna razsežnost človekovega življenja. To pa je dokaz o vrednosti in pomembnosti ekumenskega prizadevanja, ki se ne omejuje samo na formalnost, ampak v prvi vrsti nagovarja Predavanja Lectures 49 Abstract Father Alexander Schmemann is above all known for his works on liturgical theology. He grew up, was educated, and became a Russian Orthodox priest in France, and later worked in the USA. He was well acquainted with the Western traditions of Catholicism and Protestantism while being rooted in the Eastern ecclesial, liturgical and theological Russian tradition. While striving for a genuine Orthodox identity that would not be limited to ethnic, cultural and geographical boundaries, he was also actively involved in efforts for ecumenism and believed in innovation and creativity which result from the encounter of different ecclesial and cultural traditions. He was a man who brought together people from different sides and who embodied a cultural, ecclesial and theological synthesis between the worlds, cultures, languages and outlooks under the influence of which he grew up, lived and matured as a priest, theologian and intellectual. Besides Orthodox theological tradition, he was also significantly influenced by the theological Renaissance typical of Catholic France in the first half of the twentieth century. This is particularly emphasized by his long-time colleague, the Orthodox priest and theologian John Meyendorff. In this article, the author above all wishes to draw the attention to aformentioned influence of Catholic theologians. Influence is not a negative concept and is rather a sign of relationship, Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue vsebino. Osvetlitev omenjenega vpliva celo ovrednoti izvirnost Schmemannovega teološkega dela. which is the fundamental dimension of human life. This proves the value and importance of ecumenical efforts that do not limit themselves solely to formalities but first and foremost aim at the content. Drawing attention to the above influence, in fact emphasizes the originality of Schmemann‘s theological work. Ključne besede: liturgična teologija, teološki preporod v Franciji, vpliv in odnos, ekumenizem, povezovalna osebnost. Key words: liturgical theology, theological Renaissance in France, influence-relationship, ecumenism, bridge builder. 50 Predavanja Lectures Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue Izr. prof. dr. Edvard Kovač Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Etika besede kot temelj medverskega dialoga Ethic of the Word as a Ground for the Interreligious Dialogue Povzetek Navadili smo se, da postavljamo prosvetljensko miselnost v nasprotje z versko in s tem tudi z biblično mislijo. Toda po Kantovem prepričanju um, ki zahteva etičnost besede, vendarle predpostavlja tudi absolutno dobro. Izvor te predpostavke je judovska misel, ki ne govori o Bogu samem na sebi, ampak le o njegovi etični zahtevnosti. V tem smislu sta judovstvo in za njim krščanstvo vzpostavila religijo kot etično odgovornost. Toda tragedije 20. stoletja so nam pokazale, da etični razmislek, ki temelji zgolj v razsvetljenskem obzorju, ni dovolj, saj ni znal preprečiti strahot moderne dobe. Zato se je treba znova vrniti k Svetemu pismu in v njem razbrati enkratno etično zahtevnost, ki je povezana s pojmom izvoljenosti. Izvoljenost ne pomeni večvrednosti, ampak le novo zahtevnost etične besede, ki edina lahko vzpostavi dialog, v katerem vsak udeleženec vstopa s spoštljivostjo do drugega človeka in sposobnostjo pričevanja za lastno besedo. Predavanja Lectures 51 Abstract We have got used to set the enlightenment thought in contrast to the religious one, and thus also with the biblical thought. But according to Kant, reason requires the ethics of a word, and also presupposes an absolute good. The origin of this assumption arises from the Jewish thought which speaks not about God itself, but only about his ethical responsibility. In this sense, Judaism and Christianity have »established« a religion as an ethical responsibility. Tragedies of the 20th century have shown that the ethical inquiry based only on the enlightened horizon is not enough, since it was not able to prevent horrors of the modern era. For that reason, it is once again necessary to return to the Bible and figure out its unique ethical demand which is associated with the concept of »to be chosen«. To be chosen does not imply superiority, but the new demand of ethical word, which is the only one able to establish a dialogue, in which each participant enters with a respect for another human being, and is able to witness for his own word. Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue Prof. dr. Lenart Škof Znanstveno-raziskovalno središče in Inštitut za filozofske študije, Univerza na Primorskem Pojem Boga v Deweyjevi filozofiji religije ter njegove etične in vzgojne uporabe The Concept of God in Dewey's Philosophy of Religion and Its Ethical and Educational Usages Povzetek V predavanju bomo najprej obravnavali Deweyjevo delo Skupna vera in religijsko sporočilo, ki ga prinaša. Nadaljevali bomo z analizo Deweyjevega idiosinkratičnega pojma Boga ter ga navezali na sodobne pojme iz ameriških pragmatističnih filozofij in religij (R. Rorty, W. Dean itd.). V drugem delu predavanja se bomo najprej vprašali o možnosti novega religijskega pojma intersubjektivnosti ter sklenili predavanje z etično in vzgojno relevanco Deweyjeve filozofije ter z njim povezane pragmatistične teologije. Abstract In this lecture, we will first look at Dewey's work »A Common Faith« and its religious message. We will then analyze Dewey's idiosyncratic concept of God and relate in to some contemporary notions from the American pragmatist philosophies and theologies (R. Rorty, W. Dean, etc.). In the second part of the lecture, the possibility of a new religious notion of intersubjectivity will be discussed first. We will wind up the lecture with an ethical and educational relevance of Dewey's philosophy of religion and related pragmatic theology. Ključne besede: J. Dewey, intersubjektivnost v religiji, ameriški pragmatizem, historicistična teologija, pragmatistična etika, filozofija vzgoje, R. Rorty, W. Dean. Key words: J. Dewey, intersubjectivity in religion, American pragmatism, historicist theology, pragmatist ethics, philosophy of education, R. Rorty, W. Dean. 52 Predavanja Lectures Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue Doc. dr. Igor Škamperle Filozofska fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Nikolaj Kuzanski in njegov spis O verskem miru in slogi Nicolaus Cusanus and His Book De pace seu concordantia fidei Povzetek Na dramatične dogodke maja 1435, ko je otomanska vojska zavzela Carigrad in so mnogi v Evropi pozivali k vojaškemu posegu, je filozof in kardinal Kuzanski odgovoril s knjigo O verskem miru in slogi. V njej ob Petru in Pavlu nastopa dvajset govornikov, med njimi Armenec, Turek, Arabec, Tatar in hindujec. Vsakdo zagovarja svojo religiozno vero. Avtor razvije tezo, da je med religijami mogoča sprava, kajti različne veroizpovedi združuje Logos, ki je izraz Boga. Njega častimo z različnimi obredi (una religio in rituum varietate). Osnova vsake veroizpovedi pa je tudi ljubezen. Abstract After the dramatic event of the Ottoman conquest of the city of Constantinople in May 1453, when many authorities call on military intervention in Europe, the philosopher and cardinal Cusanus answered with a book on religious peace (De pace fidei). Here, together with Petrus and Paulus, twenty speakers appear, among that the Armenian, Turkish, Arabian, Tatar and Hindu speakers. Everyone defend his proper religious faith. The author developes the thesis that a reconciliation between the religions is possible, because different religions are based on common Logos, which is the manifestation of the God. We revere him with different rites and ceremonies (una religio in rituum varietate). Every religion is also based on love. Ključne besede: religija, Logos, obred, ljubezen. Key words: religion, Logos, rite, love. Predavanja Lectures 53 Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue Izr. prof. dr. Davor Džalto The American University of Rome The Challenge of »Posteriority« and Pluralism Abstract The history of mutual misunderstandings and prejudices between Christianity/Christian theology and modernity/modernism is a long and complicated one. If one wanted to point to the basic characteristics of modernity, I think it would be fair to point to the three main phenomena that (among others) characterize modernity: secularization of the social/political sphere, a belief in the progress (which results in the ideology of progressivism), and the concept of individual freedoms and human rights, that are expressed in various »liberal« tendencies and in the idea of the pluralistic society. All the three properties of modernity were under a strong attack of theologians and clergymen in different branches of Christianity. In the twentieth century, when it became impossible to ignore or simply denounce them, the theological narrative shifted to their theological articulation and, often, even glorification. An interesting case in this respect is Orthodox theology, which has only recently entered into a serious theological dialogue with both modernity and post-modernity, and some of their distinct features. In this paper, my intention is to analyse these characteristics of modernity and to explore to which extent a dialogue between Orthodox theology and modern and contemporary culture could be mutually beneficial. Key words: christianity, pluralism, posteriority, modernism, secularization. 54 Predavanja Lectures Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue Doc. dr. Mateja Pevec Rozman Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Religije kot prinašalke miru Religion as a Carrier of Peace Povzetek Skorajda drzen naslov v današnjih časih, ko v nekaterih predelih naše zemeljske oble divjajo verske vojne, narašča verska nestrpnost in se krepi verski fundamentalizem. Vendar nas vse to prebuja k ponovnemu premisleku o pomenu religioznosti kot take in nadalje k premisleku, kakšno vlogo in pomen ima vernost v Sloveniji. Kot ugotavljamo, predstavlja vernost v Sloveniji zanimiv fenomen: srečujemo se s tradicionalno obliko katolištva, ki je še vedno močna ali se celo krepi, po drugi strani pa se srečujemo s pojavi novih religioznih gibanj, ki niso tako množična, so pa številna. Tudi vernost tradicionalnega vernika se v veliki meri spreminja. Kakor so pokazale evropske raziskave, ki jih je v Sloveniji vodil prof. Vinko Potočnik, postaja slovenski vernik vedno bolj osebno veren, več bere Sveto pismo, več premišljuje in meditira, mladi pa svojo vernost doživljajo predvsem na estetski način, ko izjavljajo, da jim je pri opravljanju verskih obredov, molitev in prakticiranju zakramentov lepo. V pričujoči razpravi bomo predstavili 1. temeljne elemente religioznosti in pokazali na bistvo religioznosti, 2. izpostavili bomo nekatere najvidnejše značilnosti slovenskega postmodernega vernika, prav tako pa bomo 3. pokazali na človekovo naravo, ki ostaja v vseh kulturnih, zgodovinskih in družbenih okoljih nespremenjena: govorimo o človekovi iskateljski naravi, človekovem neustavljivem teženju po preseganju samega sebe in neustavljivem hrepenenju po Presežnem, kar je Predavanja Lectures 55 Abstract The title of our discussion indicates nearly a provocative present-day thought, when in some parts of our world, the religious intolerance and religious fundamentalism mean a threat to the peace. But all this awakens us to rethink the meaning of religiosity as such and further on to make a reflection on the role and significance of religiosity in Slovenia. Faithfulness in Slovenia is a very interesting phenomenon. On the one hand, we are faced with the traditional form of Catholicism, which is still strong, or even increasing, but on the other hand, we are facing the emergence of new religious movements, which are not so massive, however, they are numerous. A a traditional believer´s faithfulness is largely changing. As the European researches, carried out in Slovenia and led by prof. Vinko Potočnik, have shown, that a Slovenian believer is becoming more personally religious, increasingly reads the Bible, cogitates more and meditates, while young people are experiencing their religiosity primarily on the aesthetic way declaring that in religious rites, prayers and in practicing the sacraments they feel and experience the beauty. In this paper, we shall 1. present the basic elements of religiosity and the essence of religiosity as such, 2. highlight the most visible characteristics of Slovenian postmodern believer 3. and point out at the human nature which remains unchanged in all cultural, historical and social environments: this is the nature of a seeker with an unstoppable aspi- Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue v osnovi naravnano na iskanje osebne iščoče poti z vzajemno delitvijo z drugimi – to se kaže v romanjih in prizadevanjih za življenje v sožitju in miru. Zagovarjali bomo tezo, da je bistvo religioznosti v iskanju svoje osebne in skupne poti, ki se manifestira v pristnem osebnem odnosu z Bogom, kar posledično pomeni tudi z bližnjimi, in ima kot nujno posledico tudi prizadevanje za mir. ration for self-overcoming and a tremendous longing for the Divine. We shall support the thesis that the essence of religiosity is in searching for personal identity and a common path which is manifested in an authentic personal relationship with God. This personal and friendly relationship with God is the only way to make friendly relationships with others and what results also in the common aspiration for peace. Ključne besede: religija, religioznost, postmoderni vernik, osebni odnos, mir. Key words: religion, religiosity (faithfulness), postmodern believer, personal relationship, peace. 56 Predavanja Lectures Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue Doc. dr. Igor Bahovec Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Postmoderna kultura – izziv krščanstvu v Evropi Postmodern Culture – Challenge for Christianity in Europe Povzetek Krščanstvo v Evropi potrebuje preoblikovanje, ki se na eni strani navezuje na bistvo izročila, na drugi pa pogumno vstopa v živo srečanje s sodobno kulturo. V tem kontekstu se v prispevku osredotočamo na dva vidika. Prvi del prinaša kratko analizo bistvenih značilnosti postmoder ne kulture in umeščenosti človeka v njej (vključ no z odprtimi dilemami in izzivi, ki jih prinaša kristjanom oziroma krščanstvu). V naslednjem delu bomo pogledali na nekaj tipičnih odzivov različnih Cerkva, predvsem z območja bivše Jugoslavije in srednje Evrope. Posebej bomo pozorni na dvoje: (1) na potenciale, ki jih vsebujejo različne strategije soočenja s postmoderno kulturo; (2) na potenciale, ki jih omogoča sodelovanje (medsebojnega poslušanja in učenje) različnih Cerkva in njihovih tradicij, zlasti katolištva in pravoslavja. Abstract Christianity in Europe needs a transformation, which on the one hand, refers to the essence of tradition, and on the other enters into the living encounter with contemporary culture. In this context, the paper focuses on two aspects. The first part provides a brief analysis of some of the essential characteristics of postmodern culture, the placement of man in it (including open dilemmas and challenges brought by it to Christians and Christianity). In the next part, we will look at some typical reactions of the various Churches, especially from Central Europe and the former Yugoslavia. Specifically, we will pay attention to two things: (1) the potentials of different strategies for genuine Christian confrontation with the challenges of postmodern culture; (2) the creative potential from synergetic cooperation (mutual listening and learning) of the various Churches and their traditions, especially Catholicism and Orthodoxy. Ključne besede: krščanstvo, dialog, postmoderna kultura, odnos med vero in kulturo, tradicija, ustvarjalnost. Key words: Christianity, dialogue, postmodern culture, the relationship between religion and culture, tradition, creativity. Predavanja Lectures 57 Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue Doc. dr. Nadja Furlan Štante Znanstveno-raziskovalno središče Koper in Fakulteta za humanistične študije, Univerza na Primorskem Dialog in gostoljubje krščanskega ekofeminizma Dialog and Hospitality of Christian Ecofeminism Povzetek Prispevek obravnava stereotipno religijsko (s poudarkom na krščanstvu) določenost femininosti in maskulinosti ter razumevanje odnosa med človekom in naravo, ki je globoko zaznamovan s kolektivnim spominom človekove dominacije nad naravo. Stereotip človekove superiornosti nad naravo je vsekakor močno navzoč in zakoreninjen v zahodni kulturi. V tem segmentu je v prispevku poudarjen pozitiven prispevek krščanskega teološkega ekofeminizma, ki s pomočjo kritične analize pregleduje zgodovinske okvire določenih religijskih tradicij (krščanstva) ter s kritičnim pregledom razbija negativne stereotipe in predsodke, vezane na človekovo premoč v odnosu do narave. Glavni poudarek pričujočega prispevka je tematiziranje zavedanja fundamentalne medsebojne povezanosti in soodvisnosti ter vzajemne soodgovornosti ljudi v odnosu do narave, v etično-moralnem smislu, kar posledično predstavlja naslednji korak v evoluciji odnosov (medčloveških odnosov in odnosov med človekom in naravo). Prispevek tako ponudi medreligijsko in ekumensko vizijo krščanskega gostoljubja in dialoga teološkega ekofeminizma ter poziva vse krščanske Cerkve k skupnemu prizadevanju za ekumensko gostoljubje ekološke etike. Abstract This paper is concerned both with stereotypical religion-determined (focus on Christianity) pattern of femininity and masculinity, and it also examines the perception of nature and of the man-nature relationship, which is deeply marked by the collective memory of human domination over nature. The stereotype of man’s superiority in relation to nature remains deeply rooted in the collective consciousness, especially in Western societies. In this segment, the positive contribution of Christian theological eco-feminism is of the utmost importance, as it discloses and breaks down the prejudice of the model of human superiority over nature by means of a critical historical overview of individual religious traditions. The main focus of the paper is the question of fundamental interconnectedness and interdependence and joint responsibility of man-nature relationship in the ethical-moral sense, which therefore represents the next step in the evolution of interpersonal relationships (interpersonal, and between man and nature). The paper offers inter-religious and ecumenical vision of Christian hospitality and dialogue of theological ecofeminism and calls all Christian Churches to embrace the urge for ecumenical hospitality of ecological ethics. Ključne besede: krščanstvo, ženska, narava, gostoljubje, ekofeminizem, soodvisnost. Key words: christianity, women, nature, hospitality, ecofeminism, interdependence. 58 Predavanja Lectures Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue Doc. dr. Bogdan Dolenc Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Ekumenska misel Josepha Ratzingerja – papeža Benedikta XVI. Ecumenical Insights of Joseph Ratzinger – Pope Benedict XVI. Povzetek Joseph Ratzinger je pretežni del svojih spisov namenil ekleziološkim temam, ki so se nujno dotikale tudi ekumenskih vprašanj. Pred 2. vatikanskim koncilom piše o krščanskem bratstvu in se sprašuje o legitimnosti izraza »ločeni bratje« za nekatoliške kristjane. Kot profesor osnovnega bogoslovja in dogmatike se zanima tako za vprašanja reformacije kot pravoslavja. Njegove razprave prinašajo dve vodilni misli: da kot orientacijska točka ekleziologije ostaja prvotna Cerkev s svojim modelom »občestva med Cerkvami« (communio ecclesiarum) in da je Cerkev kljub razkolom ohranila svojo temeljno edinost. Idealna podoba te edinosti bo uresničena s skupnim obhajanjem evharistije. Opozarja na meje t. i. »ekumenizma dogovarjanja«, ker daje vtis, da je edinost zgolj sad človeškega dogovarjanja in znanstvenih uvidov. Ob naslonitvi na O. Cullmana razmišlja o »edinosti prek mnogovrstnosti in različnosti«. Kot prefekt kongregacije za nauk vere je oblikoval smernice ekumenskega delovanja Cerkve pod Janezom Pavlom II. Kot papež Benedikt XVI. je postavil edinost kristjanov za enega velikih ciljev. Ostal je skeptičen do pragmatičnih in hitrih rešitev in je zagovarjal pot skupnega poglabljanja vere, čeprav je taka pot dolgotrajnejša. Ključne besede: ekumenizem, občestvo, edinost, mnogovrstnost, razkol, 2. vatikanski koncil, papež. Predavanja Lectures 59 Abstract The majority of the theological works of Joseph Ratzinger was dedicated to ecclesiological subjects and therefore touched ecumenical questions, too. Before the 2nd Vatican Council, he writes about the »Christian brotherhood« and questions the legitimacy of the term »separated brothers« as used for the nonCatholics. During his career of professor of fundamental and dogmatic theology, he takes the interest in the questions both of the Reformation and of the Orthodoxy. His papers evidence the two leading ideas: 1st – the orientation point of ecclesiology remains the early Church with its model of »communion of Churches« (communio ecclesiarum); 2nd – that in spite of all divisions the Church retained its fundamental unity. The ideal form of this unity will become a reality when the joint celebration of the Eucharist is possible. J. Ratzinger points out that there are limits of the so called »ecumenism of negotiations«, which suggests that the unity might be just the fruit of human negotiations and theological insights. By drawing the inspiration from O. Cullmann, Ratzinger reflects upon »unity through diversity«. As a Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, he took part in the formulation of guidelines of the ecumenical activity during the pontificate of John Paul II. In the eight years of his own pontificate as Benedict XVI., he indicated the unity of Christians as one of the great goals and aspirations. By remaining sceptical towards pragmatic and fast solutions, he advocated the path of common deepening of faith, though this process might be of longer duration. Key words: ecumenism, communion, unity, diversity, schism, 2nd Vatican council, pope. Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue Prof. dr. Anton Štrukelj Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Ekumenizem Justina Popovića: Kako veliki srbski pravoslavni teolog gleda na ekumenski dialog? The Ecumenical Comprehension of Justin Popović: How the Great Serbian Orthodox Theologian Considers the Ecumenical Dialogue? Povzetek Arhimandrit sv. Justin Popović (roj. 7. aprila 1894, umrl 7. aprila 1979, svetnik od 2. maja 2010) prav gotovo sodi med najvidnejše in najvplivnejše predstavnike srbske pravoslavne teologije. Napisal je približno petdeset knjig. Je izobražen teolog, pesnik, odličen poznavalec Dostojevskega, goreč menih in častilec svetnikov. Popović trdi, da zunaj Pravoslavne cerkve ni možnosti za edinost kristjanov. Na žalost zastopa protiekumenske ideje in strogo kritizira zahodni humanizem. Prof. Franc Perko, prejšnji beograjski nadškof, se je večkrat spraševal, »kako je ta mož, mislec, filozof in teolog, ki je živel kot svetnik, mogel biti tako enostranski, včasih tako slep in krivičen pri presoji zahodnega krščanstva«. Abstract The Archimandrite holy Justin Popović (born April 7th 1894, died April 7th 1979, saint from May 2nd 2010) belongs to the most discernible and outstanding representatives of the Serbian Orthodox theologians. Author of approximately 50 books, Popović is a very cultivated theologian, poet, distinguished expert of Dostoyevsky, fervent monk and venerator of Saints. But he affirms, that there is no possibility for the Unity of Christians outside of the Orthodox Church. Regretfully, his own ideas are anti-ecumenical, with a strong criticism of the occidental humanism. Franc Perko, professor and former Archbishop in Belgrade, wrote: »I can not understand, that this man, thinker, philosopher, theologian, who lived as a Saint, was so unilateral, sometimes, so blind and unjust in his estimation of the occidental Christianity.« Ključne besede: Justin Popović, Srbska pravoslavna cerkev, pravoslavna teologija, ekumenski dialog, edinost kristjanov, svetniki. Key words: Justin Popović, Serbian Orthodox Church, Orthodox theology, ecumenical dialogue, unity of Christians, the Saints. 60 Predavanja Lectures Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue Doc. dr. Rade Kisić Pravoslavni Bogoslovski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu Перспективе православно-католичког дијалога The Perspectives of the Orthodox-Catholic Dialogue Povzetek Прошло је пола века од знаменитог »целива мира« који су разменили папа Павле VI и васељенски патријарх Атинагора у Јерусалиму 1964. године и тиме отворили »дијалог љубави«. У том духу 1979. године отпочела је са радом »Заједничка комисија за теолошки дијалог између Римокатоличке и Православне Цркве«, чији резултат рада представљају садржајни и значајни документи. Последњи од тих докумената, Равенски (2007), проглашен је великим кораком напред у односима двају Цркава, будући да се Комисија сложила по питању односа ауторитета и синодалности на локалном, регионалном и универзалном нивоу. Један од врхунаца документа представља потврда примата римског епископа у контексту синодалног уређења Цркве. Међутим, различита рецепција овог документа и нејединство православних по питању његовог прихватања изнели су на светло старе сукобе и поделе. Општи је утисак да је од Равене динамика рада Комисија у благој стагнацији и да је разматрање садржаја и начина вршења примата на универзалном нивоу Цркве комплексније од очекиваног. Стога ће у овом излагању бити критички сумирани досадашњи резултати »дијалога истине« и размотрене перспективе развоја односа Римокатоличке и Православне Цркве, са посебним нагласком на Predavanja Lectures 61 Abstract Half a century has passed since Pope Paul VI and Ecumenical Patriarch Athenagoras I greeted each other with a »kiss of peace«. This act occurred in Jerusalem in 1964 and opened the door for a »dialogue of love«. In that spirit, in 1979, »The Joint International Commission for Theological Dialogue between the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church« was established and it produced a meaningful and important documents. The last of these documents, Ravenna (2007), was a major step forward in the relations between the two Churches. The Commission agreed on the relationship of authority and synodality on local, regional and universal levels. One of the highlights of the document is the confirmation of the primacy of the Bishop of Rome in the context of the synodal Church structure. However, old conflicts and divisions have been brought to light by different receptions of this document and disunity within Orthodoxy in regard to the acceptance of the document . The general impression resulting the time after Ravenna is that the work of the Commission slightly stagnates and the consideration about the content of the primacy and the way of its exercising at the universal Church level is more complex than it was expected. Therefore, in this presentation, the results of the »dialogues of the truth« will be summarized while the perspectives of the relationship development between the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church will also be given. A special emphasis will be laid upon Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue проблематизовању питања домета оваквих теолошких дијалога, улоге »духовне екумене« у екуменском дијалогу, критичког преиспитивања сопственог учења и праксе, оправданости тежња повратка на »старо«. the following: critical considerations about the real range of these theological dialogues, the role of »spiritual ecumenism« in the ecumenical dialogue, the critical questioning of its own teaching and praxis, and the justification of striving toward the past. Ključne besede: дијалог, комисија, ауторитет, синодалност, примат. Key words: dialogue, commission, authority, synodality, primacy. 62 Predavanja Lectures Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue Prof. dr. Peter Kuzmič Visoko Evanđeosko Teološko Učilište u Osijeku Protestantski zapad i pravoslavni istok: nelagodno ekumensko putovanje Protestant West and Orthodox East: An Uneasy Ecumenical Journey Povzetek Bilo je mnogo pokušaja i procesa da se prevazidje povijesno otuđenje Zapada i Istoka – naročito kroz Svjetski Savez Crkava koji je osnovan od strane zapadnih protestanata, ali u kojima su pravoslavci i Istočne Crkve bili aktivni članovi već više od 50 godina. Ovaj rad istražuje kako se protestantsko-pravoslavna podjela odražava u socialnoj i kulturnoj sferi. Propituje se uloga tradicije, etničke pripadnosti, nacionalnog identiteta, i popularne religioznosti u oblikovanju povijesnih i suvremenih izričaja i zapadne i istočne crkve uz kritičko preispitivanje razlika i preklapanja između kulturnog protestantizma i političkog pravoslavlja. Područja teološkog sporazuma i komparativne procjene podjele teoloških i kulturnih pitanja provjeravaju se u u svjetlu pravoslavne zabrinutosti za »podnošljive granice različitosti«. Ispituje se kulturni i moralni utjecaj sekularizacije na crkve a ekumenska metodologija i dnevni red Svjetskog Saveza Crkave se preispituju u svjetlu nedavnih pravoslavnih zahtjevima za radikalnim restruktuiranjem. Ovi modeli ekumenskog partnerstva se procjenjuju u svjetlu ustrajnih crkvenih različitosti i izazova »nove evangelizacije«. Ključne besede: Svjetsko vijeće crkava, protestantizam, pravoslavlje, ekumenizam, tradicija, kultura, politika, evangelizacija. Predavanja Lectures 63 Abstract There have been various attempts and processes to overcome the historical estrangement of the West and the East − most notably through the World Council of Churches (WCC), which was founded by Western Protestants, but in which Eastern Orthodox and Oriental churches have been active members for more than 50 years. This paper explores how the Protestant-Orthodox division reflects the East-West social and cultural dynamics. The roles of tradition, ethnicity, national identity, and popular religiosity in shaping historical and contemporary expressions of both Western and Eastern churches are reviewed along with the critical examination of the differences and overlaps between cultural Protestantism and political Orthodoxy. The areas of theological agreement and comparative assessment of the divisive theological and cultural issues are examined in the light of the Orthodox concern as to the »tolerable limits to diversity«. The cultural and moral impact of secularization on churches is examined, and the ecumenical methodology and agenda of the WCC are reviewed in the light of recent Orthodox demands for radical restructuring, and new models of ecumenical partnerships are evaluated in light of the persistence of ecclesiastical divergences and the challenges of the »new evangelization«. Key words: World Council of Churches, Protestantism, Orthodoxy, ecumenism, tradition, culture, politics, evangelization. Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue Izr. prof. dr. Bojan Žalec Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Ljubezen, jaz, mi in drugi v luči Kierkegaardove misli Love, Me, Us and the Other(s) in the Light of Kierkegaard’s Thought Povzetek V svojem ključnem delu Dela ljubezni Søren Kierkegaard razlikuje med prednostno ljubeznijo in ljubeznijo do bližnjega. Prispevek se ukvarja s problemom razvitja kierkegaardovskega modela ljubezni, ki bi ohranil specifiko prednostne ljubezni in obenem omogočal njen (možen) soobstoj z ljubeznijo do bližnjega. Avtor analizira naravo obeh oblik ljubezni, še posebno z dveh vidikov: ljubezen do bližnjega kot utemeljena na samo-odrekanju v nasprotju s preferenco kot bistveno od oblik samoljubja; ljubezen do bližnjega kot enaka do vseh v nasprotju s prednostno ljubeznijo kot izključujočo (in s tem neenako). Očitno je, da je v prednostni ljubezni zaradi nevarne afinitete med prednostno ljubeznijo na eni strani in izključevanjem in samoljubjem na drugi strani določena potencialna nevarnost za ljubezen do bližnjega (ali za pravo obliko ljubezni). Avtor raziskuje načine, kako »spraviti« ali uskladiti ljubezen do bližnjega z oblikami prednostne ljubezni. Namen predavanja je prispevati k vednosti o modelu ljubezni, v katerem lahko človek ljubi na pravi način, hkrati pa pri tem oblike prednostne ljubezni niso niti opuščene niti nadomeščene z ljubeznijo do bližnjega. Razvitje in uresničevanje takega modela sta temeljnega pomena za vprašanja etičnega univerzalizma in odnosa med »nami« in »njimi«. Abstract In his seminal work Works of Love, Søren Kierkegaard distinguishes between preferential love on the one hand and neighbourly love on the other. The paper deals with the task of the development of a Kierkegaardian model of love that would preserve the distinctiveness of the preferential love and would at the same time allow its (possible) coexistence with the neighbourly love. The author analyzes the nature of both forms of love, especially from two aspects: the neighbourly love based on a self-denial vs. the preferential love as essentially another form of self-love; the neighbourly love as directed equally to everybody vs. the preferential love as exclusive (and eo ipso unequal). It is obvious that in the preferential love there is a certain potential danger for the neighbourly love (or for the proper way of loving), because of the dangerous affinity between the preferential love on the one hand and exclusion and self-love on the other. The author investigates the way of how to »reconcile« or harmonise the neighbourly love with the forms of the preferential one. The aim of the paper is to contribute to the knowledge about the model of love in which man can love in the right way while at the same time the forms of the preferential love are neither dismissed nor replaced by the neighbourly love. Development and implementation of such a model are of fundamental importance for the problems of ethical universalism and relationships between »we« and »they«. Ključne besede: Kierkegaard, ljubezen do bližnjega, prednostna ljubezen, etični univerzalizem, drugi, vera, uskladitev različnih oblik ljubezni. Key words: Kierkegaard, neighbourly love, preferential love, ethical universalism, other(s), faith, harmonisation of different forms of love. 64 Predavanja Lectures Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue As. dr. Tadej Rifel Zavod sv. Stanislava Homo creator – Semjon Frank in antropologija ustvarjalnosti Homo Creator – Semyon Frank and the Anthropology of Creativity Povzetek Semjon Frank (1877–1950) velja za enega večjih ruskih mislecev 20. stoletja. Njegov ustvarjalni opus kaže vso filozofsko veličino, ki se je ne bi sramovali največji umi splošno sprejetega šolskega kanona filozofije, in njegova duhovna izkušnja premore globino, ki se lahko primerja z večino velikih mistikov. Pa vendar ostaja Frank še danes neznan in nepriznan avtor, s čimer se ne morejo strinjati tisti, ki so kdaj prebrali katero njegovo delo. Spoštovan je tako pri filozofih (Kocijančič) kot tudi teologih, ki so prepoznali njegovo veličino (Špidlik). V Nemčiji izhajajo od leta 2000 prevodi njegovih izbranih del, pospremljeni z obširnimi študijami (npr. Ehlen). Leta 2012 smo tudi Slovenci dobili prevod dela Nedoumljivo (Kud Logos). Frank v svojih delih večkrat govori o človekovi ustvarjalni naravi. V tem smislu je človek tisti del stvarstva, ki nadaljuje delo svojega Stvarnika. Frank pa tega ne razume samo kot pasivno bdenje nad stvarstvom, ki je v celoti s človekom na čelu že bilo ustvarjeno, temveč se predvsem posveti razmišljanju o notranjem ustroju bogočloveške biti, ki je po njegovem skrivnostno ustvarjena ravno za to, da še naprej aktivno ustvarja. Taka ustvarjalna antropologija je mogoča samo, če iščemo človekov izvor in resnični obstoj v Bogu. Prispevek poskuša posebej zaobjeti drobne odtenke te nadvse globoke in prodorne misli, ki je lahko velik navdih teološkemu in filozofskemu razmišljanju danes. Ključne besede: Semjon Frank, ruska filozofija, antropologija, ustvarjalna narava, bogočloveškost. Predavanja Lectures 65 Abstract Semyon Frank (1877–1950) is regarded as one of the greater Russian thinkers of the 20th century. In all of its glory, his creative opus shows a philosophical greatness that the biggest minds of the generally accepted school canon of philosophy would not be ashamed of. His spiritual experience is filled with the depth comparable to that of the majority of great mystics. And yet, Frank remains a rather unknown and unrecognised author, which is an observation that would be rejected by all who have ever read one of his works. He is respected by both philosophers (Kocjančič) as well as theologians (Špidlik) who have recognised his greatness. In Germany, the translations of his works have started to be published since 2000, and they have been accompanied by extensive studies (cf. Ehlen). We have received a Slovenian translation of his work »The Unfathomable« (Kud Logos) in 2012. In his works, Frank often discusses the creative nature of the human being. In this sense man is the part of the Creation that continues the work of his Creator. Frank does not understand this only as a passive oversight of creation, that has – man at his core – already been created. He dedicates himself to the reflection of an inner constitution of the divine human being that has in his opinion been created with the intention of continuing active creation. This kind of creative anthropology is possible only as long as we are looking for the origin of man in the true existence of God. The contribution, especially tries to encompass the subtle nuances of this profoundly deep and lucid thought that can be inspiring for a theological or a philosophical reflection of today. Key words: Semyon Frank, Russian Philosophy, anthropology, creative nature, divine humanity. Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue Prof. dr. Rafko Valenčič Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani (upokoj.) Kontinuiteta in evalvacija nekaterih koncilskih etičnih vprašanj v pokoncilskih cerkvenih dokumentih Continuity and Evalvation of Some Ethical Questions in Post-Council Church Documents Povzetek Drugi vatikanski koncil (1962–1965) se je dotaknil številnih etičnih vprašanj »Cerkve v sedanjem svetu«. Cerkev, ki deli s svetom »veselje in upanje, žalost in zaskrbljenost« (CS 1), ni ostala ravnodušna do dogajanj v njej sami in njenem razmerju do sveta. Zavedala se je, da nima na vsa (nova) vprašanja že pripravljenega odgovora, vendar ga v duhu zvestobe Kristusu in Božjemu Duhu išče ter vernike in tudi drugače misleče vabi k nenehnemu iskanju. Sama to dela s poglobitvijo etičnih vidikov v času po koncilu s številnimi dokumenti papežev in osrednjih cerkvenih (rimskih) ustanov in krajevnih Cerkva, zlasti celinskih (kontinentalnih). Vsa pomembnejša etično‑moralna vprašanja so (bila) deležna vnovične utemeljitve, poglobitve in dopolnitve glede na sedanji razvoj. To velja za osebnostno in občestveno (družbeno, cerkvenostno) raven. Osnovno izhodišče spoznanja in poglobitve je človek, enota duha in telesa, odrešen v Kristusu, popolnem človeku, ki kaže pot počlovečenja, človek kot pot Cerkve in družbe. Človekovo dostojanstvo in poklicanost se dopolnjujeta. Kristjan je poklican k popolnosti in svetosti, za katero si prizadeva v vsakdanjem življenju in delu. Slehernega človeka (drugače mislečega, verujočega) Božji Duh spodbuja k etičnemu ravnanju in dopolnjevanju. Nekatera vprašanja so bila glede na razvoj družbenega življenja deležna posebne obravnave, Abstract The Second Vatican Council (1962–1965) touched upon a number of ethical questions on »The Church in the Present World«. The Church, which shares »joy and hope, sorrow and anxiety« (CS 1) with the world, did not remain unconcerned towards the happenings in itself and its relations with the world. Regarding all (new) questions, it was aware of that it had not had all the readymade answers which, in the spirit of its fidelity to Christ, His Gospel and God’s Spirit, has always been after, while inviting believers and non-believers to take part in a sincere quest. The Church itself enduavours to do that through the deepening of ethical aspects in many papal documents and those issued by central church institutions (in Rome) and local Churches, above all continental. All of the important ethical/moral questions have been substantiated and deepened anew, in keeping with the challenges and needs of current developments. This concerns both: the personal and the congregational (social, church) level. The basic starting point is a man, a unity of the spirit and body, redeemed in Christ, a complete man that shows the way to full humanization; a man as the way of the Church and society. Man’s dignity and calling are complementary. Christian is called to perfection and holiness, which he strives for in everyday life and work. Every man (non–believer, believer) is stimulated by God’s Spirit to the ethical act and to constantly supplement such activities. 66 Predavanja Lectures Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue kot so urejanje spočetij (okrožnica Humanae vitae), spoštovanje človeškega življenja od spočetja do naravnega konca (Evangelium vitae; bioetična in medicinska vprašanja), zakon in družina kot nosilca osebnega in družbenega razvoja (Familiaris consortio, Pismo družinam), razvoj (meje) znanosti in tehnike v službi celostnega razvoja osebe in družbe (socialne okrožnice so integralni del moralnega nauka Cerkve), medčloveški in mednarodni odnosi (družbeni, gospodarski, politični itd.) kot etična vprašanja, nastajajoče napetosti v novi, globalizirani družbi (nasprotja med kulturnimi, verskimi in drugimi izročili), ki bo preživela in se dopolnjevala le v razumevanju in sprejemanju drugega … Cerkev spodbuja, naj posamezniki, združenja, svetovne in druge ustanove vztrajno iščejo odgovore razumno in odgovorno v zavesti, da delajo za skupno dobro človeka, narodov in sveta. Koncil se je le bežno dotaknil danes nujnih vprašanj, kot so ekologija, energetska kriza, globalizacija, informacijska družba itd., ki jih obravnavajo novejši cerkveni dokumenti. Koncil spodbuja laike (znanstvenike, odgovorne), naj pod vodstvom duha (Duha) iskreno in odgovorno iščejo odgovore, pri katerih naj v evangeliju najdejo sogovornika in svetovalca. Some questions, considering the development of social life, were treated separately, including responsible regulation of conceptions (Humanae vitae), due respect of human life from its conception to its natural end (Evangelium vitae; bioethical and medical questions), marriage and family as carriers of personal and social development (Familiaris consortio, Letter to Families), development of the (limits) of science and technics at the service of an integrated development of individual and the entire society (social circular letters are essential constituent part of Church’s moral teachings), interhuman and international relations (social, economic, political, etc.) as ethical questions, arising tensions in the new globalized society (contrarieties between cultural, religious and other traditions), which is likely to survive and supplement itself only through understanding and accepting the other ... The Church has constantly encouraged individuals, associations, world and other institutions to seek reasonable as well as responsible answers, while being aware that they are contributing to the common good for man, nations an the world. Only fleetingly, the Council has touched upon urgent questions nowadays, such as ecology, energy crisis, globalization, information society etc., which have been treated by the most recent Church documents. The Council has nevertheless encouraged laymen (scholars, responsible ones) – while led by the spirit (Spirit) – to look sincerely and responsibly for answers by having their co-discussant and a counselor in the Gospel. Ključne besede: koncil, etična vprašanja, človek kot pot Cerkve, razvoj družbe, kontinuiteta in dopolnitve moralnega nauka, nova vprašanja sedanjega sveta. Key words: council, ethical questions, man as a way of the Church, development of society, continuity and supplements to moral teachings, new questions in the present world. Predavanja Lectures 67 Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue Prof. dr. Stanko Gerjolj Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Dileme ekumenskega verskega pouka Dilemmas of Ecumenical Religious Instructions Povzetek V veliki večini evropskih držav je vprašanje religijske edukacije rešeno zadovoljivo. Razvito je zasebno šolstvo, ki v večini primerov poteka pod okriljem Cerkve ali Cerkva, poleg tega pa je tudi v sistem javnega šolstva kot integrativni del vzgoje in izobraževanja vgrajen verski pouk. Ta poteka največkrat konfesionalno, skoraj redno pa upošteva dimenzijo ekumenske in medreligijske vzgoje. Vrednost takega pouka sodobne raziskave vse bolj potrjujejo. Med izjeme, kjer za številne verne vprašanje verskega pouka ni zadovoljivo rešeno, sodi Slovenija, ki zasebnega šolstva skoraj ne pozna, izvajanja v Evropi in svetu najbolj razširjene oblike konfesionalnega pouka v javnem šolstvu ne dovoli, ideološko obremenjen obvezni izbirni predmet »Verstva in etika« pa se skoraj ne izvaja. V tej religijsko-etični nedohranjenosti šolske edukacije se nedvomno postavlja vprašanje smiselnosti ekumenskega verskega pouka, kjer bi Cerkve dejavno sodelovale tako pri vsebinski zasnovi kot pri oblikovanju ustreznih pedagoških kadrov. Celo medreligijski verski pouk bi se bolj kompatibilno vključeval v evropski prostor medkulturnega in medverskega dialoga kot vsiljevanje nekonfesionalne državne ideologije, kar je v Sloveniji dosedanja praksa. Nekaj tovrstnih hib, čeprav zelo boječe in pritajeno, daje slutiti celo zadnja »Bela knjiga«, ko ugotavlja, da so mladi v državah s konfesionalnim verskim poukom domovinsko bolje vzgojeni kot v Sloveniji. Poleg tega ni izključeno, da prav z odsotnostjo religijske dimenzije vzgoje povzročeno tabuiziranje številnih življenjskih vprašanj v šolskih prostorih Abstract In the vast majority of European countries, the issue of religious educationis is being resolved satisfactorily. A developed private education is in most cases carried out under the auspices of the Church or Churches, and the religious education is embedded in the public education system as an integrative part of education. The latter is mostly carried out denominationally, and almost on a regular basis takes into account both ecumenical as well as the inter-religious dimension of education. A large amount of data of the contemporary research perceives an important role and a great value of such religious instructions. The exceptions, which is at least, as regards the religious issue of religious instructions, not settled satisfactorily, includes Slovenia, where a private education is hardly known, does not allow European implementation and the world most widespread form of denominational teaching into the public education system, and ideologically backed compulsory elective subject »Religions and ethics« is hardly carried out. This religious-ethical undernourishment of school education raises the question of reasonableness of ecumenical religious instructions, where Churches would actively participate both in substantive conceptualization as well as in the development of teaching staff to teach this subject. Even the inter-religious instruction is to be included more compatibly into the European area of intercultural and inter-religious dialogue as the imposition of non-denominational state ideology, which is the current practice in 68 Predavanja Lectures Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue vodi v psihične obremenitve slovenskih učencev in učenk, ki presega evropsko povprečje, čeprav preživijo v šoli manj časa kot njihovi vrstniki v večini drugih držav. Kljub mnogim dilemam in odprtim vprašanjem (tudi formalnopravne narave) se v teh okoliščinah zdi vprašanje ekumenskega verskega pouka, ki upošteva tako pluralnost okolja kot spoštljiv dialog med krščanskimi Cerkvami, smiselno in perspektivno. Slovenia. A few of these »deformities«, although in a very timid and hidden manner, is suggested even by the recent »White paper«, noting that the young in the countries with denominational religious instructions are better brought up than in Slovenia. In addition to that, the fact that tabooisation of numerous questions about life, caused by the very absence of religious dimension, in the school premises, leads even towards the mental strains of Slovenian students, exceeding the European average, although they spend less time in school than their peers in most other countries. Despite the many dilemmas and unresolved issues (also those of legal-formal nature), in these circumstances, the question of ecumenical religious instructions, taking into account both the plurality of the environment as well as a respectful dialogue among Christian Churches, seems reasonable and perspective one. Ključne besede: ekumenski verski pouk, konfesionalni verski pouk, nekonfesionalni verski pouk, medreligijski verski pouk, etatizem, pripadnost, identiteta. Key words: ecumenical religious instructions, denominational religious instructions, non‑denominational religious instructions, inter-religious instructions, statism, affiliation, identity. Predavanja Lectures 69 Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue Doc. dr. Stanislav Slatinek Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Vzgoja za medverski dialog v družini Education for Inter-Religious Dialogue in the Family Povzetek Skrb vzbujajoče je dejstvo, da je danes v svetu veliko verske nestrpnosti zaradi pripadnosti in javnega izpovedovanja katoliške vere. V prispevku spregovorimo o najbolj skritih oblikah verske nestrpnosti, ki se dogaja med zakonci in v družinskem krogu. Versko nestrpni zakonci so bili pogosto tudi sami deležni verske nestrpnosti v svoji mladosti. Ker so odraščali v okolju, nasprotnem ali celo sovražnem veri, so postali tudi sami versko nestrpni. Vsa negativna občutja, doživetja, zlorabe in mladostne travme v zvezi z vero so prenašali v svoj zakon in družino. Raziskave ničnostnih zakonskih pravd na Škofijskem cerkvenem sodišču v Mariboru potrjujejo, da se verska nestrpnost zelo pogosto seli iz enega zakona v drug zakon in iz ene družine v drugo družino. Žrtve verske nestrpnosti so vedno globoko verni zakonci in mladoletni otroci. Zato mora biti skrb za versko strpnost v družinah ena najpomembnejših prednostnih nalog Katoliške cerkve, ki je danes še posebej zavzeta za novo evangelizacijo v svetu in verski pluralizem v družinah. Abstract The fact that in the world of today, there are many cases of religious intolerance pointed towards professing the Catholic faith in public is of the potential concern. In this article, we want to talk about the most hidden forms of religious intolerance; the one that occurs between spouses and within a family circle. Religiously intolerant spouses often themselves partook in religious intolerance in their youth. Since they grew up in the environment opposite or even hostile to faith, they themselves became religiously intolerant. All the negative feelings, experiences, abuse and youthful trauma in relation to religion were transferred in their marriage and family. The research of marriage annulments in legal proceedings at the Diocesan ecclesiastical court in Maribor confirms that religious intolerance is often transferred from one marriage to another, from one family to another family. Victims of religious intolerance are always deeply religious spouses and minor children. Therefore, the care for religious tolerance in families should be one of the most important priorities of the Catholic Church, which is nowadays particularly interested in the new evangelization in the world and religious pluralism in families. Ključne besede: verska nestrpnost, zakon, družina, katoliška vera, zloraba, travma. Key words: religious intolerance, marriage, family, Catholicism, abuse, trauma. 70 Predavanja Lectures Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue As. Sara Jerebic Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Srečanje s samim seboj kot prvi pogoj za sprejemanje drugih krščanskih Cerkva Encounter With Oneself as a Prerequisite for Respecting Other Christian Denominations Povzetek Vsa doživetja iz otroštva, najsi bodo zavedna ali nezavedna, ustvarjajo spomine. Posebno moč imajo negativna doživetja, boleči in travmatični dogodki, ki so navadno zanikani in odcepljeni. V možgane se tako zapisujejo podobe naših staršev, njihovi odzivi, čustveno vzdušje in telesne senzacije. Ko se kasneje pojavi v zaznavi podobna informacija, možgani na osnovi spomina ocenijo sedanjo izkušnjo: osebo (prav tako občestva) doživijo kot privlačno, odbijajočo, nevarno, ogrožajočo, čeprav nima nobene povezave s sedanjostjo. Tako vzorci vedenja, mišljenja in čutenja, ki se jih pogosto ne zavedamo, ustvarijo »Drugega«. To se zgodi na osnovi psihološkega procesa projekcijske identifikacije, kjer gre za prenos neželenih in zastrašujočih odcepljenih delov sebe v drugega. Navedeni psihološki proces je temeljni mehanizem relacijske družinske paradigme, ki je znanstvena disciplina, katere cilj je vzpostavitev zadovoljujočih medsebojnih in družbenih odnosov. Omogoča inovativen pogled na posameznika v odnosu jaz – ti, kjer išče in razrešuje temeljna vzdušja, ki se kompulzivno ponavljajo in prenašajo tudi iz generacije v generacijo. S prispevkom želimo razširiti razumevanje posameznika v odnosu do drugega, širše skupnosti, krščanskega občestva, glede na organsko pogojenost psihične strukture, in prikazati, kako posameznik lahko vstopa Predavanja Lectures 71 Abstract Conscious or not, all childhood experiences produce memories. Negative experiences, i.e. painful and traumatic events that are most often suppressed or denied, are particularly powerful. Our brain stores images of our parents and their responses, and the emotional atmosphere and physical sensations experienced. Later, when similar information is perceived, the brain will assess the present experience against the corresponding memory and the people, communities will be perceived as attractive, repulsive, dangerous, or threatening, while this perception has no connection with the present. This is how our, often unconscious, patterns of thought, behaviour and emotions create the »Other«. The underlying mechanism is the psychological process of projective identification, whereby undesirable and frightening parts of oneself are transferred onto another person. This process is the core mechanism of relational family paradigm, a scientific discipline aimed at establishing satisfying interpersonal and social relationships. It offers a fresh view of the individual in an »I-and-you« relationship, searching and resolving fundamental emotional climates that are compulsively reproduced and even passed down from generation to generation. Our contribution aims to broaden the understanding of self in relation to the »Other«, wider community, Christian communions − while considering the bodily precondition of Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue v dialog z drugimi krščanskimi Cerkvami. V prispevku bodo tako prikazani različni načini srečanja s samim seboj, ki omogočajo sprejemanje različnosti in odpirajo posameznika za dialog. the psychological structure, and to demonstrate how an individual engages in dialogue with other Christian denominations. The contribution presents different methods of encountering oneself that enable an individual to respect diversity and engage in dialogue. Ključne besede: otroštvo, medsebojni odnosi, občestva, projekcijska identifikacija, relacijska družinska paradigma, krščanska občestva. Key words: childhood, interpersonal relationships, communities, projective identification, relational family paradigm, Christian communion. 72 Predavanja Lectures Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue As. dr. Drago Jerebic Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Na kakšen način vstopamo v odnose in gradimo občestva v svojih skupnostih in kako s predstavniki drugih krščanskih Cerkva? How does an Individual Establish Relationships and Builds up a Community Within Their Own Community and in the Context of Other Christian Denominations? Povzetek Sestavni del krščanstva je občestvenost, ki sloni na medosebnih odnosih, zato je pomembno, na kakšen način gradimo občestva oz. na kakšen način vstopamo v odnose. Se zbiramo v Njegovem imenu (prim. Mt 18,20) – s primarnimi občutji, kakor bi danes rekla sodobna interpersonalna nevrobiologija, ali pa se nasprotno zbiramo v svojem narcističnem obrambnem imenu – s sekundarnimi občutji? Že od rojstva naprej je pomembno, kako drugi vzpostavljajo odnos z nami (tj. kako nam regulirajo občutja), in pozneje, kako mi drugim pomagamo regulirati občutja (prim. Gal 6,2). Človek se bo npr. spraševal: »Je ob tebi varno? Lahko računam nate? Me ne boš izdal?« Tako si posameznik v prvem letu življenja oblikuje tip navezanosti, ki ga bo v večini primerov zaznamoval za vse življenje, na kakšen način bo vstopal v odnose in kako bo gradil skupnost. V prispevku bomo podrobneje predstavili, kaj pomeni graditi občestvo na primarni in sekundarni emocionalni ravni. Prva raven predstavlja človekovo držo, ki povezuje in je v stiku z lastno nepopolnostjo, medtem ko druga raven predstavlja človekove obrambne mehanizme in vzpostavlja distanco v odnosih. Predstavili bomo več primerov obeh ravni pri osebah v Svetem pismu. Posameznik primarne ravni se zaveda lastne grešnosti in omejenosti, vendar se zaveda Predavanja Lectures 73 Abstract A fundamental part of Christianity is a communion based on interpersonal relationships. Therefore, it is important how individuals build up a community, i.e. how do individuals establish relationships. Do individuals gather in His name1 – or as the contemporary interpersonal neurobiology would call it: ‘gathering with primary feelings’ – or do they gather in their ‘own’, narcissistic defensive name, i.e. with secondary feelings? The way other people establish their relationship with an individual is significant since the individual’s birth. In other words, it is significant how people regulate individual’s feelings and later on how the individual helps others to regulate their feelings.2 The individuals seems to ask themselves: »Is it safe for me to be with you? Can I count on you? Will you betray me …?« In their first years of life, the individuals develop an attachment type that will mark them for life. This attachment type will determine the way they establish relationships, i.e. the way they build up a community. This paper explains in detail the building of a communion at the primary emotional level and the secondary emotional level. The first level denotes the individuals’ connecting attitude being in touch with their own imperfection, while the other level denotes the human defense mecha- Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue tudi lastne bogopodobnosti in odrešenosti, zato se upa odpreti pred drugimi, kar je prvi pogoj za graditev odnosov. Ta posameznik je izkusil milostni trenutek odnosnosti, kar pomeni, da je v odnosu z drugim sebe doživel na nov, boljši način, zato se bo rad vračal v občestvo in se ne bo bal odnosov. V prispevku se bomo dotaknili tudi vprašanja, kako na primarni in sekundarni emocionalni ravni vstopamo v odnos in dialog s predstavniki drugih krščanskih Cerkva. nisms that maintain distance in relationships. Several cases of both emotional levels will be introduced with regard to the biblical figures. The primary level individuals are aware of their own sinfulness and limitedness, but also realize their own God’s likeness and salvation. Thus, these individuals are not afraid to open themselves to others, which is a prerequisite for establishing relationships. The individuals experienced a merciful moment of being in a relationship, meaning that they experienced themselves in a new, better way through their relationships with others. Therefore, the individuals becomes fond of returning to the communion and have no fear to establish a relationship. The paper also deals with the question of how to establish relationships at primary and secondary emotional levels and how to engage in dialogue with representatives of other Christian denominations. Ključne besede: občestvo, regulacija afekta, navezanost, relacijska družinska terapija, Sveto pismo. Key words: communion, affect regulation, attachment, relational family therapy, Holy Bible. 1 2 »Whenever two or three of you come together in my name, I am there with you.« Mt 18,20 You obey the law of Christ when you offer each other a helping hand. Ga 6,2 74 Predavanja Lectures Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue Darija s. Pia Herman, univ. dipl. teol. Katolički školski centar “Sv. Franjo”, Tuzla Euharistijska ekleziologija Nikolaja Afansijeva Eucharistic Ecclesiology of Nicolai Afanasiev Povzetek U ovom radu predstavljena je euharistijska ekleziologija ruskog pravoslavnog teologa Nikolaja Afanasieva. U prvom dijelu protumačen je pojam i značenje euharistijske ekleziologije u njegovoj teološkoj misli. Prvo je euharistijska ekleziologija predstavljena pod vidom ključnih razlika između euharistijske ekleziologije koju Afanasiev smatra izvornom ali zaboravljenom ekleziologijom prve Crkve, te stoljećima dominantne univerzalne ekleziologije. Prikazan je odnos mjesne Crkve i opće Crkve (Crkve Božje) kako ga u svjetlu svoje ekleziologije postavlja Afanasiev. Nakon toga je prikazan i objašnjen važan pojam Crkve-u -prioritetu i uz to vezan problem primata i autokefalnosti koji su produkti univerzalne ekleziologije. Primat euharistijska ekleziologija odbacuje budući da ne dopušta ikakvu vladavinu jedne mjesne Crkve nad drugom niti nadležnost jednog biskupa nad drugim biskupima. Prioritet, s druge strane, nije nikakva vlast nad drugima nego je autoritet kojega jedna mjesna Crkva ima zbog svoje veće ljubavi, služenja i svjedočenja. Iznesen je i Afnasiev prijedlog da se između Katoličke i Pravoslavne Crkve uspostavi interkomunija na temelju koje bi se onda lakše uklonila neriješena dogmatska i ekleziološka pitanja. U drugom dijelu iznesena je kritika Afanasieve ekleziologije od strane dvojice istaknutih pravoslavnih teologa, Joannisa Zizioulasa i Dumitru Staniloae, koji su dobrim dijelom odredili recepciju Afanasievih ideja u pravoslavlju. Unatoč tim kritikama, danas postoji obnovljePredavanja Lectures 75 Abstract This paper presents the eucharistic ecclesiology of Nikolai Afanasiev (1883−1966), a Russian orthodox canonist and theologian. In the first part, the author explains the term and the meaning of Afanasiev’s eucharistic ecclesiology. Firstly, she examines Afanasiev's theological thought in the light of the distinction between eucharistic and universal ecclesiology and explains his original view of the relation between local and universal Church. Then, the idea of the Church-in-priority and the problem of primacy and autocephaly is presented. Eucharistic ecclesiology radically excludes any form of primacy of one local Church over another or of one bishop over other bishops. The priority is, on the other hand, affirmed and welcomed as it is not seen as any kind of power or dominion over others, but as an authority based on greater love, serving and testimony. Finally, the idea of intercommunion is presented. Afaniasiev, namely, thought it is possible and important for Catholic and Orthodox Church to share eucharistic unity in spite of the fact that a full dogmatic and ecclesiastical unity is not yet reached. Intercommunion is seen as a path towards full unity. In the second part, the author presents a criticism of Afanasiev's ecclesiology given by two prominent Orthodox theologians Ioannis Zizioulas and Dumitru Staniloae, who have determined the reception of Afanasiev's ideas in the orthodoxy to a large extent. Although criticized, the eucharistic ecclesiology of Nicolai Afana- Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue no zanimanje za euharistijsku ekleziologiju N. Afanasieva kako kod pravoslavnih tako i kod katoličkih teologa.U svakom slučaju euharistijska ekleziologija N. Afanasijeva je izazov koji potiče na obnovljen i temeljit pristup važnim teološkim i ekumenskim pitanjima. siev is today positively re-evaluated by both Catholic and Orthodox theologians. It is a challenge that encourages a serious approach and investigation of important theological and ecumenical questions. Ključne besede: Nikolaj Afanasiev, euharistijska ekleziologija, Crkva-u-prioritetu, primat, intercommunio, I. Zizioulas, D. Staniloae, ekumenizam. Key words: Nikolai Afanasiev, eucharistic ecclesiology, Church-in-priority, primacy, intercommunion, J. Zizioulas, D. Staniloae, ecumenism. 76 Predavanja Lectures Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue Doc. dr. Marija Pehar Katolički bogoslovni fakultet, Sveučilište u Zagrebu Koncilsko usmjerenje marijanskoga štovanja i njegov ekumenski potencijal Conciliar Orientation of Marian Devotion and Its Ecumenical Potential Povzetek Mariologija i marijansko štovanje u mnogome su jedno od najkontroverznijih ekumenskih područja jer uključuju više spornih tema. Rad se stoga referira na II. Vatikanski koncil koji upravo u mariologiji pokazuje naglašen ekumenski interes. Nakon što je istaknuto više mjesta s ekumenskim naglascima, rad se usredotočuje na smjernice o ispravnom marijanskom štovanju, za koje Koncil izričito kaže da se »ne sastoji u neplodnom i prolaznom čuvstvu … nego proizlazi iz prave vjere« (LG, 67). Prema koncilskom shvaćanju ispravno marijansko štovanje sastoji se u nasljedovanju Marije koja je »izvrstan i jedinstven primjer i djevice i majke« (LG, 63). U ovom se radu pokušava shvatiti smisao ovoga izričaja i njegovo značenje za kršćanski život. Teološka interpretacija djevičanstva i majčinstva, kakvu susrećemo u Novom zavjetu i otačkoj mariologiji, upućuje da se ove vrijednosti ne smiju gledati isključivo na biološko-etičkoj razini, nego ih treba razumjeti kao temeljna svojstva kršćanske vjere koja je dar milosti i uzdarje predanja. Marijino djevičanstvo i majčinstvo pokazuju se tako kao temeljna određenja istinske vjere, te iz te činjenice proizlazi snaga koncilskoga poziva na nasljedovanje ovih vrednota. U ovakvoj mariologiji i koncilskom usmjerenju marijanskoga štovanja, prema kojemu bi kršćanski život bio istinska vjernost Bogu i plodnost života, razabire se onda i značajan ekumenski potencijal na koji će biti ukazano. Ključne besede: mariologija, marijansko štovanje, djevičanstvo, majčinstvo, ekumenski potencijal. Predavanja Lectures 77 Abstract Mariology and Marian devotion are in many aspects among the most controversial ecumenical areas, because they involve a number of contentious issues. This paper refers to the second Vatican Council due to the fact that it has a peculiar ecumenical interest precisely in Mariology. Having singled out several points with an ecumenical emphasis, the paper focuses on guidelines for true Marian devotion, for which the Council explicitly states that it »consists neither in sterile or transitory affection« (...) »but proceeds from true faith« (LG, 67). According to the Council's understanding, true Marian devotion consists in an imitation of Mary who is »in eminent and singular fashion as exemplar both of virgin and mother« (LG, 63). This paper is an attempt to understand the meaning of the quoted sentence and its impact on the Christian life. A theological interpretation of virginity and motherhood, as we find it in the New Testament and the Mariology of the Church Fathers, suggests that these values should not be approached from an exclusively biological and ethical perspective, but rather understood as fundamental properties of the Christian faith, which is a gift of grace and reward for abandonment. Mary's virginity and motherhood thus appear as fundamental determinants of true faith, from which fact derives the power of the Council's invitation to live by these values. Such Mariology and a conciliar conception of Marian devotion – in light of which the Christian life means true fidelity to God and fertility of life – give rise to a significant ecumenical potential, as the paper has attempted to demonstrate. Key words: Mariology, Marian devotion, virginity, motherhood, ecumenical potential. Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue As. dr. Silvija Migles Katolički bogoslovni fakultet, Sveučilište u Zagrebu Socijalni nauk Crkve u ekumenskom dijalogu The Social Teaching of the Church in Ecumenical Dialogue Povzetek: Socijalna tematika je prisutna u Crkvi od početka kršćanstva. Poznato je da kršćanske Crkve na različite načine očituju praktičnu socijalnu dimenziju vjere pomažući konkretno one koji su u potrebi. Teoretski vid socijalne dimenzije vjere je temeljito razrađen u katoličkom socijalnom nauku počevši od pape Lava XIII. i prve socijalne enciklike »Rerum novarum« (15. 5. 1891.). U protestantskim Crkvama se taj vid razvijao unutar socijalne etike, osobito u drugoj polovici 20. stoljeća. U pravoslavnim Crkvama se socijalnoj tematici pod teoretskim vidom raspravlja tek u novije vrijeme, počevši od prvog službenog dokumenta Ruske pravoslavne Crkve pod nazivom »Temelji socijalne doktrine Ruske pravoslavne Crkve« (kolovoz 2000.). Na Pravoslavnom bogoslovnom fakultetu Sveučilišta u Beogradu 2006. godine je po prvi puta uveden kolegij »Hrišćanska sociologija« koji obuhvaća socijalnu tematiku. Unutar socijalnog nauka katoličke Crkve brojna su pitanja o kojima bi se moglo – pod ekumenskim i dijaloškim vidom – na temelju socijalnog učenja pravoslavnih Crkava temeljito raspravljati. U radu se žele istražiti moguće točke suradnje između pravoslavnih Crkvi i Katoličke Crkve na temelju njihova socijalna učenja. Koliko će biti moguće u radu će se prikazati zanimanje za socijalno učenje u Srpskoj pravoslavnoj Crkvi i dijelom u drugim pravoslavnim Crkvama kako bi se u drugom dijelu moglo potražiti moguće točke suradnje. Znano je da se od vremena Drugog vatikanskog koncila socijalni dokumenti Katoličke crkve adre- Abstract: Social themes have been present in the Church since the beginning of Christianity. It is a known fact that Christian Churches manifest the practical, social dimension of the faith in many ways by concretely helping those that are in need. The theoretical aspect of the social dimension of the faith has been minutely systematised in the Catholic social teaching, starting from Pope Leo XIII and the first social encyclical letter »Rerum Novarum« (May 15, 1891). In Protestant Churches this aspect developed within so-called social ethics, especially in the second half of the 20th century. Orthodox Churches, on the other hand, started to discuss theoretical aspect of social themes only recently, starting from the first official document of the Russian Orthodox Church, entitled »Bases of the Social Concept of the Russian Orthodox Church« (August, 2000). In 2006, the Orthodox Faculty of Theology of the University of Belgrade introduced the course »Christian Sociology«, which covers social themes. There are many issues in the social teaching of the Catholic Church, which could be discussed from ecumenical and dialogical point of view, while taking into account the social teaching of Orthodox Churches. This paper explores possible points of cooperation between the Orthodox Churches and the Catholic Church, on the basis of their social teachings. Within the given limits, the paper will present the interest for social teaching in the Serbian Orthodox Church and, partly, in other Orthodox Churches. This will allow the author to look for possible points of co78 Predavanja Lectures Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue siraju na 'sve ljude dobre volje', pozivajući tako ljude svih vjera u školu zajedništva i suradnje. U radu će se ukazati na važnu potrebu produbljenja ekumenske dimenzije socijalnog nauka Crkve, na teološki dijalog sa socijalnim učenjem drugih kršćanskih Crkava, posebno pravoslavnim, kao i na njihovu tješnju povezanost na djelatnoj razini, na području siromaštva i socijalne pravde. operation in the second part of this paper. It is a known fact that social documents of the Catholic Church have been addressed to »all people of good will« from the second Vatican Council onwards. In this way, they reached out to people of all faiths in order to call them to enter the school of communion and cooperation. The paper will point out the important need for deepening the ecumenical dimension of the social teaching of the Church, theological dialogue with the social teachings of other Christian Churches, especially Orthodox ones, as well as the importance of their closer cooperation on the level of activity, and in the areas of poverty and social justice. Ključne besede: socijalni nauk Crkve, ekumenski dijalog, socijalna etika, hrišćanska sociologija. Key words: social teaching of the Church, ecumenical dialogue, social ethics, Christian sociology. Predavanja Lectures 79 Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue Dr. Thomas Sibley Biblijski institut Zagreb Bridging the Growing Disaffection Between Churches and the Academy Abstract This paper seeks to identify and understand some of the reasons for the growing division between the academy and churches, especially those among the »evangelical« expressions of the church. Although the tension reaches as far back as Tertullian (Quid ergo Athenis et Hierosolymis, »What has Athens to do with Jerusalem?«), the current and growing rift is hurtful to our society, the Church at large, individual congregations, and centres of theological study. A suspicions have grown because of the isolation felt by »budding« scholars as well as the lack of encouragement from the organized Christian communities. When »root causes« are identified, positive actions from the academy and Christian communities might begin to be attempted. Some suggested activities from both could begin to »bridge the gap«. 80 Predavanja Lectures Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue Jani Šumak, univ. dipl. teol. Pravica do tradicije – pravno-teološki pregled novejše sodne prakse Evropskega sodišča za človekove pravice glede odnosa med Cerkvijo in državo The Right to Tradition – A Juristical-Theological Analysis of the European Court of Human Rights Recent Decisions Regarding the Separation of Church and State Povzetek Leta 2009 je Evropsko sodišče za človekove pravice v zadevi Lautsi proti Italiji odločilo, da križi v državnih šolah kršijo t. i. negativno pravico do verske svobode. Italija je zaprosila, da se zadeva predloži velikemu senatu sodišča. Veliki senat sodbe ni potrdil, ampak je zaključil, da sama prisotnost križev v šolskih učilnicah ne krši pravic, zagotovljenih v Evropski konvenciji o človekovih pravicah. Tako zadevna sodba kot predhodne sodbe definirajo razmerja med Cerkvijo in državo. Kadar sodišče rešuje vprašanja pravic in religije, že dolgo ni omejeno na vprašanja do svobode veroizpovedi in ugovora vesti, ampak s svojimi sodbami sooblikuje odnos med Cerkvijo in državo, zato je teologija, ki želi govoriti o odnosu med njima, primorana poznati ključne smernice, ki jih postavlja sodna praksa sodišča. Poznavanje teh smernic in vsebine sodne prakse teologa seznani s pokrajino njegovega premišljevanja. Ta pokrajina je žal neenotna, saj niti sodna praksa sodišča niti zakonodaja posameznih držav ne dajeta enotnega in jasnega odgovora glede odnosa med Cerkvijo in državo, zato je sleherni teološki odgovor prav tako lahko samo poizkus zastavitve novodobne teologije odnosa med njima. Ključne besede: človekove pravice, Evropsko sodišče za človekove pravice, religiozne pravice, sekularizacija, Cerkev in država, politična teologija. Predavanja Lectures 81 Abstract In 2009, the European Court of Human Rights ruled in favour of Ms. Lautsi and found Italy guilty of violating her and her children's so called negative right to religious freedom for allowing crucifixes in public class rooms. Italy requested that the case was brought before the Grand Chamber of the Court. The Grand Chamber overturned the ruling and concluded that the mere presence of crucifixes in the classroom is not a violation of the human rights granted by the Convention. This case, as well as other rulings of the Court, have an enormous effect on how we view the topic of separation of church and state. The Court does not limit its ruling to matters of freedom of religion and the right of conscience, that it is why theology that wants to address questions regarding the separation of church and state must keep in mind the guidelines of the Court's key decisions on that matter. By understanding the guidelines and the rulings, theologians can construct a map of the world we live in. The world is – much like the Court's decisions and the legislation of national parliaments, a fragmented and complex landscape that gives no clear answer on the matter of the separation of church and state. Therefore any theological answer can not aspire to be anything more than an attempt in an ever-changing world. Key words: human rights, European Court of Human Rights, secularization, religious rights, church and state, political theology. Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue Rok Mihelič, univ. dipl. teol. Pravna in teološka perspektiva razumevanja razmerja med Cerkvijo in državo znotraj krščanskega občestva Legal and Theological Perspective of Understanding the Relationship between Church and State Within Christian Community Povzetek Ius est ars aequi et boni – umetnost dobrega in pravičnega predstavlja sistem pravnih pravil in načel, ki urejajo zunanja vedenja in ravnanje posameznikov ter njihovih združenj v različnih družbenih razmerjih. Ureditev razmerja med Cerkvijo in nosilci javnih oblasti predstavlja osrednje gibalo razvoja evropske zahodne družbe. V zakulisju institucionalnega razmerja z državo predstavljajo posamezne krščanske skupnosti pestrost različnih pogledov na državo in pravo. Primerjava razkriva razkorak med normativnim (teološkim in pravno-teoretičnim pogledom) in dejanskim (doseženo družbeno resničnostjo). Institucionalna ločitev verskih skupnosti in države ni zadosten pa tudi nujen pogoj za zagotovitev verske svobode. Ločitev verskih skupnosti in države nikoli ni pomenila in ne pomeni ločitve religije in politike. Koncepta verske in državne doktrine sta podana, toda šele njuni razlagi, razumevanje in uporaba dajejo spoznanje, da se v družbi resnično udejanja tisto, kar je doseženo v razmerju do zapovedanega. Abstract »Ius est ars aequi et boni – art of good and fair« represents a system of legal rules and principles that regulate the external behaviour and actions of individuals and their associations in various social relationships. Arrangement of the relationship between the Church and the holders of public authorities is a driving force for the development of Western European society. In the backstage of the institutional relationship with the country, different Christian communities represent a variety of different views of the state and the law. The comparison reveals a gap between the normative (theological and legal-theoretical view) and actual (achieved social reality). The institutional separation of state and religious communities is not sufficient and also not a necessary condition to ensure religious freedom. The separation of state and religious communities has never meant and does not mean the separation of religion and politics. The concepts of religious and state doctrine are given, but only their interpretation, understanding and application offer the knowledge that in society it is truly being realized what has been achieved in relation to the prescribed. Ključne besede: cerkev, država, politika, verska skupnost, primerjalno pravo, modeli razmerja med Cerkvijo in državo, ločitev Cerkve in države, dvojnost duhovnega in posvetnega. Key words: church, state, politics, religious community, comparative law, models of relationships between church and state, separation of church and state, duality of spiritual and secular. 82 Predavanja Lectures Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue Jasmina Kristovič, mag. ZDŠ Nacionalni inštitut za psihoterapijo Po verskem prepričanju različni, a enaki v trpljenju in bolečini, ljubezni in sreči: mešani pari in relacijska družinska terapija Under a Different Religious Belief, Equal in Suffering and Pain, Love and Happiness: Mixed Couples and Relational Family Therapy Povzetek Področje mešanih parov je tako pri nas kot tudi v tujini še vedno slabo raziskano in poznano, čeprav število mešanih parov in družin narašča. Prispevek osvetljuje problematiko mešanih parov in družin na področju družinske dinamike, verskega življenja, vzgoje in partnerstva. Število mešanih zakonov v svetovnem merilu narašča, kar predstavlja za stroko (družinske terapevte, svetovalce, duhovnike itd.) nov izziv, kako pomagati parom, ki iščejo pomoč. Najpogostejše težave mešanih parov in družin so: sprejemanje drugačnosti, vpliv primarne družine in verska vzgoja. V prispevku bomo poudarili osrednjo problematiko mešanih parov pri nas in drugod po svetu, podobnosti in razlike med mešanimi in nemešanimi pari in družinami, znanstvena dognanja in terapevtsko delo po modelu relacijske družinske terapije. Primarna družina in medosebni odnosi znotraj nje predstavljajo pomembno vlogo za vsak par ali družino. Mešani pari in družine se pogosto srečujejo z občutkom nerazumljenosti, nesprejetosti in občutkom krivde. Različne raziskave kažejo, da se mešani pari najpogosteje srečujejo s težavami ob rojstvu prvega otroka glede vere in vzgoje. Model relacijske družinske terapije je za mešane pare in družine s tovrstno problematiko še posebej primeren, ker posameznika obravnava kot del »sistema« družine in stvari rešuje celostno. Ključne besede: mešani pari in zakoni, partnerski odnosi in relacijska družinska terapija. Predavanja Lectures 83 Abstract The phenomenon of mixed couples is still very poorly studied and researched, both in Slovenia as well as abroad, despite the growing number of mixed couples and families. This contribution highlights the issues of mixed couples and families with regard to family dynamics, religious life, education and partnership. The number of mixed marriages is growing globally, which represents a new challenge to professionals (family therapists, counselors, clergy etc.) providing help to couples seeking help. Most common problems of mixed couples and families include embracing diversity, influence of the primary family, and religious education. In this article, we will highlight the core problems of mixed couples in our country and around the world, the similarities and differences between mixed and nonmixed couples and families, scientific advances and therapeutic work on the model of relational family therapy. The primary family and interpersonal relationships within it play an important role for any couple or family. Mixed couples and families are often faced with a sense of misunderstanding, rejection and guilt. Various studies show that mixed couples frequently face problems at birth of the first child, regardless of religion and education. The relational model of family therapy for mixed couples and families with problems of that kind is a particularly suitable one, because the individual is treated as a part of the whole. Key words: mixed pairs and marriages, partnership relations and relational family therapy. Teologija v dialogu Theology in dialogue Doc. dr. Sebastjan Kristovič Fakulteta za uporabne družbene študije Psihosocialni dejavniki človeka kot duhovnega bitja – logoterapevtski aspekti nadsmisla Psychosocial Factors of Man as a Spiritual Being – Logotheraupetic Aspects of the Supra-Meaning Povzetek Gledano z vidika Franklove logoterapije je človek bitje smisla oziroma bitje za smisel. Človeka v polnosti ne poteši zadovoljitev vseh njegovih potreb, želja in gonov, ampak bivanjska varnost, ki je v tesni povezavi z notranjo izpolnitvijo smisla. V središču logoterapije je tako smisel človeške eksistence in obenem tudi različne možnosti iskanja tega smisla. Za osnovno motivacijo v človekovi duhovni razsežnosti logoterapija postavlja voljo do smisla, ki je v nasprotju z željo po užitku, tj. »voljo do užitka« (Freud) ali »voljo do moči« (Nietzsche, Adler). Številne raziskave so pokazale, da je prav stopnja notranje izpolnitve s smislom ključni kazalnik temeljnih psihosocialnih dejavnikov. V središču eksistencialne analize je vprašanje smisla. Zadnji in temeljni odgovor na vprašanje smisla najdemo zgolj in samo v obzorju nadsmisla, v katerem je zajeta tudi vera oziroma religija. Fundamentalna osmislitev bivanja (v najširšem smislu) je prav religiozno, tisto, kar človeka presega. Bistvena ideja človeške eksistence je absolutni smisel oziroma nadsmisel, kar pomeni, da bi lahko bila ena temeljnih možnosti plodovitega in pristnega ekumenizma prav v ideji nadsmisla. Ali kot pravi Albert Einstein: »Najti odgovor na vprašanje o smislu življenja pomeni biti religiozen.« Ključne besede: Frankl, logoterapija, smisel, nadsmisel, psihosocialni dejavniki. Abstract From the point of view of the Frankl’s logotherapy, man is a being of the meaning or a being for the meaning. A man can’t be fully consoled by the satisfaction of all his or her needs, wishes and impulses, but by the existential safety, closely linked to an inner fulfillment of the meaning. The meaning of human existence as well as different possibilities of searching for the meaning are hence central to the logotherapy. It has established »will to meaning« as a fundamental motivation in the human spiritual dimension, as opposed to »will to pleasure« (Freud) or »will to power« (Nietzsche, Adler). As demonstrated by numerous researches, precisely the level of inner fullfilment with the meaning constitutes the crucial sign of the fundamental psychosocial factors. The question of meaning is a central one to the existential analysis. The ultimate and fundamental response to the question of the meaning can be found only on the horizon of the supra-meaning, where faith or religion are also included. The fundamental giving of meaning to human existence (in the broadest sense of the word) is precisely the religious, something that transcends a man. The essential »idea« of human existence is the absolute meaning or supra-meaning. That could make the »idea« of the supra-meaning one of the basic possibilities of a productive and authentic ecumenism. Or in the words of Albert Einstein: »To find the response to the question of the meaning of life means to be religious.« Key words: Frankl, logotherapy, meaning, supra-meaning, psychosocial factors. 84 Predavanja Lectures Seznam sodelujočih List of Symposium Participants Avsenik Nabergoj, Irena izr. prof. dr. Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Znanstvenoraziskovalni center SAZU Slovenija PhD, Assoc. Prof. Faculty of Theology, University of Ljubljana Scientific Research Centre of SAZU Slovenia [email protected] Bahovec, Igor doc. dr. Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Slovenija PhD, Assist. Prof. Faculty of Theology, University of Ljubljana Slovenia [email protected] Bresciani, David dr. Zavod sv. Ignacija Slovenija PhD St. Ignatious Institution Slovenia [email protected] Budiselić, Ervin mag. Biblijski institut Zagreb Hrvaška M. Sc. Bible Institute Zagreb Croatia [email protected] Debevec, Leon doc. dr. Fakulteta za arhitekturo, Univerza v Ljubljani Slovenija PhD, Assist. Prof. Faculty of architecture, University of Ljubljana Slovenia [email protected] Ditmajer, Nina prof. slov., doktorand Slovenija BA in Education, Doctoral Student Slovenia [email protected] Dolenc, Bogdan doc. dr. Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Slovenija PhD, Assist. Prof. Faculty of Theology, University of Ljubljana Slovenia [email protected] 86 Džalto, Davor izr. prof. dr. The American University of Rome Italija PhD, Assoc. Prof. The American University of Rome Italy [email protected] Furlan Štante, Nadja doc. dr. Znanstveno-raziskovalno središče Koper in Fakulteta za humanistične študije, Univerza na Primorskem Slovenija PhD, Assist. Prof. Science and Research Centre of Koper and Faculty of Humanities, University of Primorska Slovenia [email protected] Gerjolj, Stanko prof. dr. Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Slovenija PhD, Prof. Faculty of Theology, University of Ljubljana Slovenia [email protected] Herman, Darija s. Pia univ. dipl. teolog, doktorand BA in Theology, Doctoral Student Katolički školski centar "Sv.Franjo", Tuzla St. Francis Catholic School Center, Tuzla Bosna in Hercegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina [email protected] Jambrek, Stanko dr. Biblijski institut Zagreb Hrvaška PhD Bible Institute Zagreb Croatia [email protected] Jamnik, Anton izr. prof. dr Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Slovenija PhD, Assoc. Prof. Faculty of Theology, University of Ljubljana Slovenia [email protected] Jerebic, Drago specialist zakonske in družinske terapije, asist. dr. Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Slovenija Specialist in Marital and Family Therapy, PhD, Assist. Faculty of Theology, University of Ljubljana Slovenia [email protected] 87 Jerebic, Sara specialist zakonske in družinske terapije, asist., doktorand Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Slovenija Specialist in Marital and Family Therapy, Assist., Doctoral Student Faculty of Theology, University of Ljubljana Slovenia [email protected] Kisić, Rade doc. dr. Pravoslavni Bogoslovski fakultet Univerzitet u Beogradu Srbija PhD, Assist. Prof. Faculty of Orthodox Theology University of Belgrade Serbia [email protected] Kovač, Edvard izr. prof. dr. Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Slovenija PhD, Assoc. Prof. Faculty of Theology, University of Ljubljana Slovenia [email protected] Krajnc-Vrečko, Fanika zn. sod. dr. Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Slovenija PhD, Research Fellow Faculty of Theology, University of Ljubljana Slovenia [email protected] Krašovec, Jože akad. prof. dr Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Slovenija Acad., PhD, Prof. Faculty of Theology, University of Ljubljana Slovenia [email protected] Kristovič, Jasmina mag. Nacionalni inštitut za psihoterapijo Slovenija M. Sc. National Institute for Psychotherapy Slovenia [email protected] Kristovič, Sebastjan doc. dr. Fakulteta za uporabne družbene študije Slovenija PhD, Assist. Prof. School of Advanced Social Studies Slovenia [email protected] 88 Kubat, Rodoljub izr. prof. dr Pravoslavni Bogoslovski fakultet Univerzitet u Beogradu Srbija PhD, Assoc. Prof. Faculty of Orthodox Theology University of Belgrade Serbia [email protected] Kuzmič, Peter prof. dr. Visoko Evanđeosko Teološko Učilište u Osijeku Hrvaška PhD, Prof. Evangelical Theological Seminary Osijek Croatia [email protected] Lah, Avguštin izr. prof. dr. Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Slovenija PhD, Assoc. Prof. Faculty of Theology, University of Ljubljana Slovenia [email protected] Matjaž, Maksimilijan izr. prof. dr. Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Slovenija PhD, Assoc. Prof. Faculty of Theology, University of Ljubljana Slovenia [email protected] Maver, Aleš doc. dr. Filozofska fakulteta, Univerza v Mariboru Slovenija PhD, Assist. Prof. Faculty of Arts, University of Maribor Slovenia [email protected] Migles, Silvija asist., dr. Katolički bogoslovni fakultet Sveučilište u Zagrebu Hrvaška PhD, Assist. Catholic Faculty of Theology University of Zagreb Croatia [email protected] Mihelič, Rok univ. dipl. teolog, doktorand Slovenija BA in Theology, Doctoral Student Slovenia [email protected] 89 Osredkar, Mari Jože doc. dr. Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Slovenija PhD, Assist. Prof. Faculty of Theology, University of Ljubljana Slovenia [email protected] Palmisano, Maria Carmela doc. dr. Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Slovenija PhD, Assist. Prof. Faculty of Theology, University of Ljubljana Slovenia [email protected] Pehar, Marija doc. dr. Katolički bogoslovni fakultet Sveučilište u Zagrebu Hrvaška PhD, Assist. Prof. Catholic Faculty of Theology University of Zagreb Croatia [email protected] Pevec Rozman, Mateja doc. dr. Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Slovenija PhD, Assist. Prof. Faculty of Theology, University of Ljubljana Slovenia [email protected] Platovnjak, Ivan doc. dr. Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Slovenija PhD, Assist. Prof. Faculty of Theology, University of Ljubljana Slovenia [email protected] Puzović, Predrag prof. dr. Pravoslavni Bogoslovski fakultet Univerzitet u Beogradu Srbija PhD, Prof. Faculty of Orthodox Theology University of Belgrade Serbia [email protected] Rezar, Cvetka prof. slov. in teol., doktorand Slovenija BA in Education, Doctoral Student Slovenia [email protected] 90 Rifel, Tadej asist., dr. Zavod sv. Stanislava Slovenija PhD, Assist. St. Stanislav's Institution Slovenia [email protected] Ronchiato, Roberta dr. Facoltà Teologica del Triveneto Italija PhD Theological Faculty of Triveneto Italy [email protected] Sibley, Thomas dr. Biblijski institut Zagreb Hrvaška PhD Bible Institute Zagreb Croatia [email protected] Skralovnik, Samo prof. teol. in zgo., asist., doktorand Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Slovenija BA in Education, Assist., Doctoral Student Faculty of Theology, University of Ljubljana Slovenia [email protected] Slatinek, Stanislav doc. dr. Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Slovenija PhD, Assist. Prof. Faculty of Theology, University of Ljubljana Slovenia [email protected] Stanonik, Marija prof. dr. Znanstvenoraziskovalni center SAZU Upokoj. Slovenija PhD, Prof. Scientific Research Centre of SAZU Retired Slovenia [email protected] Stegu, Tadej doc. dr. Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Slovenija PhD, Assist. Prof. Faculty of Theology, University of Ljubljana Slovenia [email protected] 91 Škamperle, Igor doc. dr. Filozofska fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Slovenija PhD, Assist. Prof. Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana Slovenia [email protected] Škof, Lenart prof. dr. Znanstveno-raziskovalno središče in Inštitut za filozofske študije, Univerza na Primorskem Slovenija PhD, Prof. Science and Research Centre of Koper and Institute for Philosophical Studies, University of Primorska Slovenia [email protected] Štrukelj, Anton prof. dr. Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Slovenija PhD, Prof. Faculty of Theology, University of Ljubljana Slovenia [email protected] Šumak, Jani univ. dipl. teolog Slovenija BA in Theology Slovenia [email protected] Valenčič, Rafko prof. dr. Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Upokoj. Slovenija PhD, Prof. Faculty of Theology, University of Ljubljana Retired Slovenia [email protected] Večko, Terezija Snežna doc. dr Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Upokoj. Slovenija PhD, Assist. Prof. Faculty of Theology, University of Ljubljana Retired Slovenia [email protected] Vukašinović, Vladimir izr. prof. dr Pravoslavni Bogoslovski fakultet Univerzitet u Beogradu Srbija PhD, Assoc. Prof. Faculty of Orthodox Theology University of Belgrade Serbia [email protected] 92 Zečević, Jure izr. prof. dr Katolički bogoslovni fakultet Sveučilište u Zagrebu Hrvaška PhD, Assoc. Prof. Catholic Faculty of Theology University of Zagreb Croatia [email protected] Žalec, Bojan izr. prof. dr. Teološka fakulteta, Univerza v Ljubljani Slovenija PhD, Assoc. Prof. Faculty of Theology, University of Ljubljana Slovenia [email protected] Žust, Milan izr. prof. dr Fakulteta za misijologijo, Papeška univerza Gregoriana Italija PhD, Assoc. Prof. Faculty of Missiology, Pontifical Gregorian University Italy [email protected] 93 Zabeležke Notes Sponzorji Sponsors Mednarodni ekumenski simpozij Teologija v dialogu Maribor, 16.–18. oktober 2014 International Ecumenical Symposium Theology in Dialogue Maribor, October 16th–18th 2014 Organizacija Organization Univerza v Ljubljani, Teološka fakulteta, Enota v Mariboru University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Theology, Maribor Unit Inštitut Stanka Janežiča za ekumensko teologijo in medreligijski dialog Stanko Janežič Institute for Ecumenical Theology and Inter-Religious Dialogue Organizacijski odbor Organizing committee Znanstveni odbor Scientific committee izr. prof. dr. Avguštin Lah, predsednik simpozija as. Samo Skralovnik, tajnik simpozija Simon Jurkovič, tajnik Teološke fakultete doc. dr. Bogdan Dolenc prof. dr. Stanko Gerjolj izr. prof. dr. Edvard Kovač zn. sod. dr. Fanika Krajnc-Vrečko izr. prof. dr. Maksimilijan Matjaž doc. dr. Mari Jože Osredkar doc. dr. Mateja Pevec Rozman doc. dr. Stanislav Slatinek izr. prof. dr. Avguštin Lah izr. prof. dr. Pablo Argárate doc. dr. Bogdan Dolenc prof. dr. Predrag Puzović prof. dr. Anton Štrukelj izr. prof. dr. Jure Zečević
