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Preface
CMU Research Abstracts 2010 is a representative
collection of 481 research abstracts produced by CMU-affiliated
researchers focusing on innovative research and development
projects stimulated by national, regional, and international
development policies.
Research and development is essential to any university
seeking to establish and maintain recognition in the international education network, as well as to further its goals of
serving the greater public good through education, scholarship, and innovation. Pursuant to CMU’s vision, “Chiang
Mai University is a Leading University with Academic Excellence in International
Standards, focusing to become a research-oriented institution of higher education
and producing graduates with high moral and ethical standards, equipped to practice good governance under the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy and Sustainable
Development,” Chiang Mai University continues to focus on initiating, improving,
and implementing programs designed to raise its standards of both academic
excellence and innovative research, helping CMU toward its goal of becoming the
leading university-level research facility in Thailand. In addition, through research
like that represented here, CMU is generating increased interest by national and
international organizations for collaboration on joint research projects.
Since 1987, CMU researchers have contributed 5,833 research abstracts to
CMU’s Resource Archives (http://cmupress.cmu.ac.th). The abstracts here in the
CMU Research Abstracts 2010 are representative of the standard of excellence of
our researchers, and a fine illustration of their commitment to sharing the benefits
of their knowledge and skills to improve the quality of life locally, regionally, and
globally.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude and appreciation to the lecturers
and researchers for their scholarship, and to the members of the CMU Abstract
Committee, without whose invaluable efforts, the compilation of this publication
would not have been possible.
Pongsak Angkasith, Ed.D.
President
Contents
I. The abstacts of full papers publication
research institute for health sciences
1. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
IN CHILD DAY CARE CENTERS IN CHIANG MAI
3
2. IODINE STATUS OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
4
Faculty of Associated medical sciences
1. A PROPHYLACTIC EFFECT OF MASSAGE ON SYMPTOMS OF MUSCLE DAMAGE
INDUCED BY ECCENTRIC EXERCISE OF THE WRIST EXTENSORS
5
2. A PROPHYLACTIC EFFECT OF PROPRIOCEPTIVE NEUROMUSCULAR
FACILITATION (PNF) STRETCHING ON SYMPTOMS OF MUSCLE DAMAGE
6
3. EFFECTS OF UP-AND DOWNSLOPE WALKING ON MEAN AND VARIABILITY
OF GAIT PARAMETERS IN ELDERLY WOMEN
7
4. IMPACT OF FOOTWEAR STYLES ON POSTURAL CONTROL ABILITY
OF FEMALE ELDERLY
8
5. RELIABILITY OF MUSCLE FUNCTION AND SENSORY PERCEPTION
MEASUREMENTS OF THE WRIST EXTENSORS
9
6. SENSORY PROFILE ASSESSMENT TOOL
FOR CHILDREN 0-36 MONTHS OF AGE, THAI VERSION
10
7. USING WEIGHTED VEST TO INCREASE ATTENTION
IN CHILDREN WITH HYPERACTIVITY
11
Faculty of Medicine
1. A 3-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF ANTIBODY RESPONSE IN HIV-INFECTED
CHILDREN WITH IMMUNE RECOVERY VACCINATED
WITH INACTIVATED JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS VACCINE
12
2.
13
A CHEWABLE PEDIATRIC FIXED-DOSE COMBINATION TABLET
OF STAVUDINE, LAMIVUDINE, AND NEVIRAPINE PHARMACOKINETICS
AND SAFETY COMPARED WITH THE INDIVIDUAL LIQUID
FORMULATIONS IN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-INFECTED
CHILDREN IN THAILAND
3. A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF OUTCOME IN PEDIATRIC LUPUS NEPHRITIS
AFTER THE MAINTENANCE THERAPY BY AZATHIOPRINE OR ECMPS
15
4. AIR POLLUTION-RELATED PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATES AMONG
ASTHMATIC CHILDREN IN CHIANG MAI, THAILAND
16
5.
17
AMBIENT PARTICULATE POLLUTION AND THE WORLD-WIDE PREVALENCE
OF ASTHMA, RHINOCONJUNCTIVITIS AND ECZEMA IN CHILDREN:
PHASE ONE OF THE INTERNATIONAL STUDY OF ASTHMA
AND ALLERGIES IN CHILDHOOD (ISAAC)
6. AN ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY AS SCREENING TOOL
FOR HUMAN INTESTINAL CAPILLARIASIS
19
7. ANALYSIS OF FEMALE SALIVARY GLAND PROTEINS OF THE ANOPHELES
BARBIROSTRIS COMPLEX (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) IN THAILAND
20
8. Anesthesia-related complications of caesarean delivery in Thailand: 16,697 cases from the Thai Anaesthesia Incidents Study
21
i
9. ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY OUTCOMES OF HIV-INFECTED CHILDREN
IN THE TREAT ASIA PEDIATRIC HIV OBSERVATIONAL DATABASE
23
10. Bone resorption acceleration and calcium reabsorption
impairment in a Thai population with high cadmium exposure
24
11. Cadmium induced renal dysfunction among residents
of rice farming area downstream from a zinc-mineralized belt
in Thailand
25
12.
26
CELL RESERVOIRS OF THE EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS IN BIOPSY-PROVEN
LYMPHOCYTIC INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONITIS IN HIV-1 SUBTYPE E
INFECTED CHILDREN IDENTIFICATION BY COMBINED IN SITU
HYBRIDIZATION AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY
13. CHARACTERISTICS OF LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS IN HIV-INFECTED,
LONG-TERM NONPROGRESSOR, AND HEALTHY ASIAN CHILDREN
THROUGH 12 YEARS OF AGE
27
14.
29
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY OF EDIBLE PLANT-DERIVED ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST THE PYRETHROID-
SUSCEPTIBLE AND -RESISTANT STRAINS OF AEDES AEGYPTI
(DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)
15. Comparison of efficacy and effectiveness between ULTRACET
and tramadol/acetaminophen in acute postoperative pain
after upper extremity surgery
30
16. CORD BLOOD SCREENING FOR ALPHA-THALASSEMIA AND HEMOGLOBIN
VARIANTS BY ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING IN NORTHERN THAI NEONATES:
CORRELATION WITH GENOTYPES AND HEMATOLOGIC PARAMETERS
31
17. DEFERASIROX IN IRON-OVERLOADED PATIENTS WITH
TRANSFUSION-DEPENDENT MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES:
RESULTS FROM THE LARGE 1-YEAR EPIC STUDY
32
18. Diagnosing delirium in elderly Thai patients: utilization
of the CAM algorithm
33
19. DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN LUCILIA CUPRINA AND HEMIPYRELLIA
LIGURRIENS (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) LARVAE FOR USE
IN FORENSIC ENTOMOLOGY APPLICATIONS
34
20. EFFECT OF LANNA MUSIC LISTENING AND MASSAGE ON EMOTIONAL
AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGE: PRELIMNARY DATA
FROM THAI VOLUNTEER GROUP
35
21. FORENSICALLY IMPORTANT FLESH FLY SPECIES IN THAILAND:
MORPHOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENTAL RATE
36
22. Fractures of the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage
in suicidal hanging
37
38
23. FULMINANT ENTEROVIRUS 71 INFECTION: CASE REPORT
24.
HIV-1 DRUG RESISTANCE MUTATIONS IN CHILDREN AFTER FAILURE
OF FIRST-LINE NONNUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE
INHIBITOR-BASED ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY HIV-1 DRUG RESISTANCE
MUTATIONS IN CHILDREN AFTER FAILURE OF FIRST-LINE NONNUCLEOSIDE
REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR-BASED ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY
39
25. INTER-SPECIFIC GENE FLOW DYNAMICS DURING THE PLEISTOCENE-DATED
SPECIATION OF FOREST-DEPENDENT MOSQUITOES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
41
26. LATE EFFECTS IN SURVIVORS OF CHILDHOOD ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC
LEUKEMIA: A STUDY FROM THAI PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY GROUP
43
27. MEASLES OUTBREAK IN AN ORPHANAGE: HIV-INFECTED CHILDREN
ON ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY ARE STILL AT RISK
44
ii
28. MEDIASTINAL PANCREATIC PSEUDOCYST IN CHRONIC PANCREATITIS
45
29. MULTIPLEX ASSAY TO IDENTIFY KOREAN VECTORS OF MALARIA
46
30. PERSISTENCE OF MEASLES, MUMPS, AND RUBELLA PROTECTIVE
ANTIBODIES 3 YEARS AFTER REVACCINATION IN HIV-INFECTED
CHILDREN RECEIVING ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY
47
31. PERSISTENT HYPERINSULINEMIC HYPOGLYCEMIA OF INFANCY ASSOCIATED
WITH CONGENITAL NEUROBLASTOMA: A CASE REPORT
48
32. POOR COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING OF SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN
IN THAILAND WITH PERINATALLY ACQUIRED HIV INFECTION
TAKING ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY
49
33. Predictors and consequences of incarceration among
a sample of young Thai methamphetamine users
50
34. PRODUCTION OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES TO P-GLYCOPROTEIN:
ITS APPLICATION IN DETECTION OF SOLUBLE
AND SURFACE P- LYCOPROTEIN OF LEUKEMIA PATIENTS
51
35. RAPID DETECTION OF DIROFILARIA IMMITIS IN MOSQUITO VECTORS
AND DOGS USING A REAL-TIME FLUORESCENCE RESONANCE
ENERGY TRANSFER PCR AND MELTING CURVE ANALYSIS
52
36. RELATIONSHIP OF CELL BEARING EBER AND p24 ANTIGENS
IN BIOPSY-PROVEN LYMPHOCYTIC INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA
IN HIV-1 SUBTYPE E INFECTED CHILDREN
53
37. REPORT OF THE 11TH WORLD CONGRESS OF PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY
IN BANGKOK, THAILAND
55
38. SIZE AND CHARGE ANTIGENS OF DIROFILARIA IMMITIS ADULT WORM
FOR IGG-ELISA DIAGNOSIS OF BANCROFTIAN FILARIASIS
56
39. SPATIAL GENETIC STRUCTURE OF AEDES AEGYPTI MOSQUITOES
IN MAINLAND SOUTHEAST ASIA
57
40. SYSTEMATICS OF ANOPHELES (CELLIA) YAEYAMAENSIS SP. N.,
ALIAS SPECIES E OF THE AN. MINIMUS COMPLEX
IN SOUTHEASTERN ASIA (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)
58
41. The Thai Anesthesia Incident Monitoring Study (Thai AIMS):
an analysis of perioperative complication in geriatric patients 59
42. Women’s Health survey of female prisoners
at Chiang Mai Women Prison
61
Faculty of pharmacy
1. Determination of Clozapine in Human Plasma
by High–Performance Liquid Chromatography with UV–VIS Detector
62
2. Inhibitory effects of caffeic acid ester analogues
on free radicals and human liver microsome CYP1A2 activities
63
Institute for science and technology research
1. A MICROFLOW CHEMILUMINESCENCE SYSTEM FOR DETERMINATION
OF CHLORAMPHENICOL IN HONEY WITH PRECONCENTRATION USING
A MOLECULARLY IMPRINTED POLYMER
64
2. BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS ISOLATED
FROM GALLS OF TERMINALIA CHEBULA RETZ. (COMBRETACEAE)
65
3. BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE RICE BRAN EXTRACT
AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ITS ENTRAPMENT IN NIOSOMES
BY SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE FLUID
66
iii
4. EFFECTS OF VIBRO-MILLING ON RELAXOR FERROELECTRIC BEHAVIOR
AND PHASE TRANSITION OF LEAD-FREE Ba(Zr0.25Ti0.75)O3 CERAMICS
67
5. ENHANCEMENTOF TRANSDERMAL ABSORPTION GENE EXPRESSION
AND STABILITY OF TYROSINASE PLASMID (pmel34)-LOADED ELASTIC
CATIONIC NIOSOMES: POTENTIAL APPLICATION IN VITILIGO TREATMENT
68
6. ENTRAPMENT ENHANCEMENT OF PEPTIDE DRUGS IN NIOSOMES
69
7. FREE RADICAL ACAVENGING AND TYROSINASE INHIBITION ACTIVITY
OF OILS AND SERICIN EXTRACTED FROM THAI NATIVE SILKWORMS (BOMBYX MORI)
70
8. HARMONIC ANALYSIS OF DYNAMIC HYSTERESIS RESPONSE
OF BaTiO3 BULK CERAMICS
71
9. HIGH-ENERGY HEAVY ION BEAM ANNEALED ION-IMPLANTATION SYNTHESIZED SiC NANOCRYSTALLITES AND PHOTOLUMINESCENCEH
72
10. IN VITRO ANTI-AGING ACTIVITIES OF TERMINALIA
CHEBULA GALL EXTRACT
73
74
11. LEAD-FREE HIGH REFRACTIVE INDEX GLASS USING LOCAL THAI SANDS
12. MODELING OF FERROELECTRIC HYSTERESIS AREA
OF HARD LEAD ZIRCONATE TITANATE CERAMICS:
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK APPROACH
75
13. NOVEL FERROCENIC STEROIDAL DRUG DERIVATIVES
AND THEIR BIOACTIVITIES
76
77
14. PHASE TRANSITION BEHAVIOR IN (1Zx)PZT—xBiAlO3 CERAMICS
15. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ANTHRACNOSE
DISEASE AND ANTIFUNGAL COMPOUNDS CONTENT
IN FRUIT LATEX OF THAI MANGO
78
16. SEQUENTIAL INJECTION ANALYSIS WITH LAB-AT-VALVE (SI-LAV)
FOR THE DETERMINATION OF SOLASODINE IN SOLANUM SPECIES
79
17. STORAGE LIFE EXTENSION OF EXPORTED ‘NAM DOKMAI’ MANGO
BY REFRIGERATED MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE PACKING
80
18. THE DEBYE DIELECTRIC BEHAVIOR OF MIXED NORMAL
AND RELAXOR-FERROELECTRICS: MONTE CARLO INVESTIGATION
81
19. TRANSDERMAL ABSORPTION ENHANCEMENT THROUGH RAT SKIN
OF GALLIDERMIN LOADED IN NIOSOMES
82
20. WEBCAM CAMERA AS A DETECTOR FOR S SIMPLE
LAB-ON-CHIP TIME BASED APPROACH
83
Faculty of Agriculture
1. Effects of Some Cytokinins, Auxins and Medium
Constituents on In Vitro Propagation of Polystachya sp.
Faculty of Agro-Industry
84
1. ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF OLIGOMER AND POLYMER CHITOSAN
FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES AGAINST FOOD BORNE PATHOGENIC BACTERIA 85
2. APPROACH FOR LOGOS DESIGN USING MATRIX ANALYSIS TABLE
CASE STUDY: LOGOS DESIGN FOR HOTEL IN CHIANG MAI PROVINCE
86
3. CHARACTERIZATION OF CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE FILM
FROM Mimosa Pigra 87
4. DEVELOPMENT OF CHITOSAN FILM INCORPORATING GARLIC OIL
AND POTASSIUM SORBATE AS ANTIMICRIBIAL AGENTS FOR GARLIC BREAD
88
iv
5. DIFFERENCES OF SOME NUTRIRTIONAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
of NORTHERN THAI-STYLE FERMENTED SOYBEANS (THUA-NAO)
DRIED BY THREE DIFFERENCT METHODS
89
6. EFFECT OF AMOUNT OF BLENDED STARCH ADHESIVES AND PARTICLE
SIZES FROM TAMARIND BARK ON PROPERTIES OF PARTICLEBOARD
90
7. EFFECT OF ANTIOXIDANT CONCENTRATION ON WATER VAPOR
TRANSMISSION RATE AND SORPTION ISOTHERM OF CASSAVA
STARCH-CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE (CMC) FILMS
91
8. EFFECT OF NaOH CONCENTRATION ON SORPTION ISOTHERM
OF CARBOXYMETHYL RICE STARCH FILMS AND PREDITION MODELS
92
9. EFFECT OF PLASMA TREATMENT ON HYDROPHOBICITY
AND BARRIER PROPERTIES OF POLYLACTIC ACID
93
10. EFFECT OF SULPHUR HEXAFLUORIDE (SF6) PLASMA
ON HYDROXPHOBICITY OF METHYL CELLULOSE FILM
94
11. EFFECT OF UREA FORMALDEHYDE ON PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PARTICLEBOARD FROM COFFEE WASTE
95
12. FLUORINATED DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON COATING ON POLYLACTIC ACID
FILM PREPARED BY PLASMA-ENHANCED CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION
96
13. INNOVATION MANAGEMENT THE NEW APPROACH
FOR SMALL MEDIUM ENTERPRISE (SME)
97
14. MORPHOLOGY, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
OF QUEEN PINEAPPLE FRUIT
98
15. PREDICTION MODELS FOR MOISTURE SORPTION ISOTHERMS
OF SOY PROTIEN ISOLATE/CARBOXYMETHYL CHITOSAN BLEND FILMS
99
16. PREDICTION MODELS FOR SHELF LIFE OF PUMPKIN CRACKERS
IN DIFFERENT PACKAGES BASED ON ITS MOISTURE CONTENT
100
18. STUDY OF CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE FROM PAPAYA PEELS
AS BINDER IN CERAMICS 101
19. SURFACE MODIFICATION AND PERMEABILITY ANALYTICAL STUDIES
OF POLYLACTIC ACID INCUCED BY HMDSO-PLASMA
102
Faculty of Engineering
1. A Box-splitting Strategy of Interval Newton Method
for Finding All DC Solutions of BJT Circuits
103
2. A Combustion Aerosol Generator for Submicron Aerosol Production 104
3. A particle swarm optimization for wind energy control problem
105
4. A STUDY ON THE FEASIBILITY OF ZERO-EMISSIONS AIR TRANSPORT 106
5. A Wide-Band Bandpass Filter Using a Novel Embedded
Short-Circuited Stub Resonator
107
6. ACOUSTIC-BASED SIGNAL TRANSMISSION
FOR MANGOSTEEN INTERNAL QUALITY MEASURES 108
7. An Interior Point Method for WLAV State Estimation
of Power System with UPFCs
109
8. ANALYSIS OF BATTERY USING MICROCONTROLLER 110
9. ANALYSIS OF DIESEL ENGINE PERFORMANCE WITH MAYAOHIN AS A FUEL 111
10. Analytical discussions on species extinction
in competitive communities due to habitat destruction
112
v
11. Application of Indirect X-Ray Detector
by using Contact Image Sensor couple with Field
Programmable Gate Array and Mini-CT
113
12. Application of Remote Devices Vital-Signs to be Included
Telemedicine Mobile Table on WiMAX Network
114
115
13. APPLICATIONS OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT TO SUSTAINABLE IDEA 14. Appraisal of Appropriate Combustion Air
in a Pulverized Coal-fired Boiler 116
15. ARSENIC, CHROMIUM, AND COPPER LEACHING FROM CCA-TREATED WOOD
AND THEIR POTENTIAL IMPACTS ON LANDFILL LEACHATE IN A TROPICAL COUNTRY 117
16. Assessment of Lubricating Oil Degradation
in Small Motorcycle Engine Fueled with Gasohol 118
17. BIO-ETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM POTATO WASTE 119
18. Biogas Production from Animal Waste Using Hybrid Reactor 120
19. Biogas Quality Upgrade by Simultaneous Removal
of CO2 and H2S in a Packed Column Reactor 121
20. Chemical and physical properties
of rice straw waste and hospital sewage sludge
in turned windrow aeration system
122
21. COMPARISON OF COOLING SYSTEMS WITH CELLULOSE VERSUS
GUNNYSACK USING EXCESS COOL WATER FROM ICE FACTORY 123
22. Continuous Biodiesel Production from Transesterification
of Jatropha Oil with Microwave Heating 124
125
23. Control Strategy for Biogas’s Continuous Stirred Tank Reacto 24. Conversion of Bamboo into Glucose by Dilute Acid
and Enzymatic Hydrolysis 126
25. Co-operational Optimization of Two Cascade
Hydropower Plants 127
26. Design and Theoretical Investigation of a PM2.5 Impactor
for Airborne Particulate Matter Sampling 128
27. DESIGN OF LOW SPEED PERMANENT MAGNET GENERATOR 129
28. Development and Validation of a Battery Model Useful
for Discharging and Charging Power Control
and Lifetime Estimation 130
29. Development of Drop-on-Demand Printer
for Rapid Prototyping Applications 131
132
30. DEVELOPMENT OF DRYING KINETICS EQUATIONS OF BANANA SLICE 31. DEVELOPMENT OF MANGO WOOD-CARVING DRYING SYSTEM USING
HEAT EXCHANGER FROM BIOMASS FUEL 133
32. Development of Monitoring and Control System Using
Distributed Embedded System Via Can Bus
134
33. Dilute Acid Pretreatment of Bamboo
for Fermentable Sugar Production 135
34. Domestic wastewater treatment by a constructed
wetland system planted with rice 136
35. Drop-on-Demand Printer for Micro Ion-Selective
Electrode Fabrication 137
138
36. DRYING OF BANANA USING SUPERHEATED STEAM FOLLOWED BY HOT AIR vi
37. Durability of a Small Agricultural Engine
on Biogas/Diesel Dual Fuel Operation 139
38. EFFECT OF BOUND NUMBER ON HEAT TRANSFER
OF THERMOSYPHON HEAT PIPE UNDER SOUND WAVE 140
39. Effect of Needle Cone Angle and Air Flow Rate
on Electrostatic Discharge Characteristics of
a Corona-needle Ionizer 141
40. Effects of Aspect Ratios and Number of Meandering Turns
on Performance Limit of an Inclined Closed-Loop
Oscillating Heat Pipe
142
41. EFFECTS OF LIP THICKNESS ON ALVEOLAR BONE GRAFT OUTCOMES
IN PATIENTS WITH COMPLETE UNILATERAL CLEFT LIP
AND PALATE : FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS 143
42. Effects of Reaction Forces at Clamped Edge on Deflection
and Stress of Thin Plate 144
43. Effects of Seeding on Performance of Household
Organic Waste Composting Using Passive Aeration 145
44. EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE, VELOCITY AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY
OF HOT AIR ON SLICED BANANA DRYING
146
147
45. ELECTRIC CYLINDER ENGINE 46. ENHANCMENT OF ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR FOR SUBMICRON
PARTICLE COLLECTION USING NON-THERMAL PLASMA TECHNIQUE 148
47. EVALUATION OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION POTENTIAL FROMWIND
TURBINE FARM AT MHAE ROYAL PROJECT SAMOENG DISTRICT, CHIANG MAI PROVINCE,THAILAND 149
48. Evaluation of Energy Absorption Capability
of Light Truck’s Front Nudge Bar 150
49. Experimental Investigation of an Automotive Air Conditioning
System Driven by a Small Biogas Engine 151
50. Finding All DC Solutions of Diode and BJT Circuits
by Interval Method and Modified LP-Narrowing Technique
152
153
51. Gasification of Giant Sensitive Plants in a Fixed Bed Reactor 52. Heat and mass transfer in combined convective
and far-infrared drying of fruit leather 154
53. Heat extraction from salinity-gradient solar ponds
using heat pipe heat exchangers 155
54. Identification of hyperelastic material parameters using
Virtual Fields Method in case of large deformations
156
55. Image Restoration Based on a Pair of Noisy
and Motion Blurred Images 157
56. In vivo characterization of the aortic wall
stress-strain relationship 158
57. Incorporating SIFT with Hard C-Means Algorithm
160
58. Investigation of Light Tar Cracking in a Gliding Arc Plasma System 161
59. Kinetics and modeling of whole longan
with combined infrared and hot air 162
163
60. LEACHING OF HEAVY METAL FROM SPENT HOUSEHOLD BATTERIES 61. Life Cycle Assessment of Frozen Okra Production
by Parameter Screening Method 164
vii
62. Mathematical Model of the Optimum Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger
for a Condenser of Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Cycle 165
166
63. Medical Consult Base System for Diagnosis on WiMAX System
64. Microcalcification Detection in Mammograms
Using Interval type-2 Fuzzy logic System
with Automatic Membership Function Generation 167
65. Modeling of a rigid-flexible manipulator
using Hamilton’s principle 168
66. Modified Kinetic Model of Particle Detachment
by Aerodynamic Drag and Vibration 169
67. Moisture Content Prediction of Dried Longan Aril
from Dielectric Constant Using Multilayer Perceptrons
and Support Vector Regression
170
68. Non-isothermal pyrolysis characteristics
of giant sensitive plants using thermogravimetric analysis 171
69. Numerical Computation of Fluid Flow and Aerosol Transport
in a Long Electrical Mobility Spectrometer 172
70. Optimal Choice and Allocation of Distributed Generations
Using Evolutionary Programming
173
71. Particulate Emission Reduction from Biomass Burning
in Small Combustion Systems with a Multiple Tubular
Electrostatic Precipitator 174
72. PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION OF AGRICULTURAL DIESEL ENGINE
USING PALM-DIESEL EMULSION AS FUEL 175
73. Performance Evaluation of NTPv4 When SPIK State
Cannot Step Frequency
176
74. Performance of Wire-on-tube Heat Exchanger
Using OscillatingHeat Pipe Fin, A Case Study of Free Convection 177
178
75. Piezo Actuated Print Head System for Drop-On-Demand Printer 76. POTENTIAL OF DENDROTHERMAL POWER GENERATION
IN THAILAND AND ITS CONCERNS 179
180
77. Processing of hornblende syenite for ceramics
78. Production of Charcoal from Woods and Bamboo
in a Small Natural Draft Carbonizer 181
79. Production Cost Analysis in an Aluminum Die-Casting
Department Using Activity-Based Costing System 182
80. Quantification of Liquid Water Saturation in a
Transparent Single-Serpentine Cathode Flow Channel
of PEM Fuel Cell by Using Image Processing
183
81. RECOVERING AND UPGRADING WASTE HEAT OF AIR-CONDITIONER
BY COMBINING R-123 VAPOR COMPRESSION HEAT PUMP 184
82. Selection of efficient wavelengths in NIR spectrum
for determination of dry matter in kiwi fruit 185
186
83. Simulation of Cassava Chip Drying using Convective Hot-Air 84. Temperature Reduction in Hydroponic Planting System
Using Heat Pipe
187
85. THE ANALYSIS OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND CARBON
DIOXIDE EMISSIONS IN THAI MANUFACTURING SECTOR
BY DECOMPOSITION TECHNIQUE 188
viii
86. The design and performance of constructed wetlands
for wastewater treatment in tropical regions 189
190
87. THE STUDY OF BIOCHAR PROPORTY FROM SLOW PYROLYSIS OF ALGAE 88. The Study of Maximum Load of Thin-wall Paper Tube
Under Axial Compressive Load 191
89. THE TEST OF A MODULAR CHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM USING
SODIUMSULPHIDE-WATER AS WORKING PAIR 192
90. Thermal characteristics of louvered fins
with a low-reynolds number flow 193
91. THERMAL EFFICIEnCY OF FIRE TUBE BOILER
USED MAYAOHIN BIODIESEL AS A FUEL 194
92. Thermogravimetric analysis of giant sensitive plants
under air atmosphere
195
93. UPGRADING OF LOW TEMPERATURE SOLAR HEAT
FOR HIGHER TEMPERATURE APPLICATION AND COOLING 196
94. Use of oscillating heat pipe technique as extended
surface in wire-on-tube heat exchanger
for heat transfer enhancement 197
198
95. WATER QUALITY VARIATION IN A POND RAISING TILAPIA CAGE CULTURE Faculty of science
1. 2-[3-(2-Aminoethylsulfanyl)propylsulfanyl]ethanamine
Bearing Dansyl Subunits: An Efficient, Simple, and Rapid
Fluorometric Sensor for the Detection of Mercury(II) Ions
199
200
2. A Barium-Calcium Silicate Glass for Use as Seals in Planar SOFCs
3. A Hybrid Method for a Countable Family of Multivalued Maps,
Equilibrium Problems, and Variational Inequality Problems
201
4. A microflow chemiluminescence system for determination
of chloramphenicol in honey with preconcentration
using a molecularly imprinted polymer
202
5. A Multiple Processing Hybrid Flow System for Analysis
of Formaldehyde Contamination in Food
203
6. A new approximation method for common fixed points
of a finite family of asymptotically quasi-nonexpansive
mappings in Banach spaces
204
7. A New Approximation Method for Common Fixed Points
of a Finite Family of Generalized Asymptotically
Quasinonexpansive Mappings in Banach Spaces
205
8. A New Azwafluorenone from the Roots of Polyalthia
cerasoides and its Biological Activity
206
9. A New General Iterative Method for a Finite Family
of Nonexpansive Mappings in Hilbert Spaces
207
10. A role of BNLT compound addition on structure
and properties of PZT ceramics
208
11. Actinomycetes and fungi isolated from plant-parasitic nematode
infested soils: screening of the effective biocontrol potential,
indole-3-acetic acid and siderophore production
209
12. Age Hardening and Precipitation Behavior of an Experimental
Cast Al-Mg-Si Alloy Treated by T6 and T6I6 Heat Treatments
210
ix
13. An iterative method for equilibrium problems and a finite
family of relatively nonexpansive mappings in a Banach space
211
14. Analysis of lead molybdate and lead tungstate synthesized
by a sonochemical method
212
15. Annotation and in silico localization of the Affymetrix
GeneChip Porcine Genome Array
213
16. Anti-Cancer Compound Screening and Isolation:
Coscinium fenestratum, Tinospora crispa and Tinospora cordifolia
214
17. Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities
of Brown Marine Alga, Padina minor Yamada
215
18. AZO/Ag/AZO multilayer films prepared by DC magnetron
sputtering for dye-sensitized solar cell application
216
217
19. Botanical notes
20. Calculation of Weighted Averages Approach
for the Estimation of Ping Tolerance Values
218
21. Can leaf degrading enzymes provide evidence
that endophytic fungi becoming saprobes?
219
22. Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Assisted Hydrothermal
Synthesis of PbS with Nano- and Micro-Crystals
220
23. Changes in ferroelectric properties of lead indium
niobate-lead titanate ceramics under compressive
stress applied perpendicular to an electric field
221
24. Changes in the 2DE protein profiles of chilli pepper
(Capsicum annuum) leaves in response to Fusarium
oxysporum infection
222
25. Characterization of AgBiS(2) nanostructured
flowers produced by solvothermal reaction
223
26. Characterization of Ba(0.77)Sr(0.23)TiO(3) powder
prepared from an oxalate co-precipitation
and an impregnation method
224
27. Characterization of Bi(2)S(3) with different
morphologies synthesized using microwave radiation
225
28. Characterization of copper sulfide nanostructured
spheres and nanotubes synthesized
by microwave-assisted solvothermal method
226
29. Characterization of micro-crystalline lead tungstate
with different morphologies produced
by the sonochemical process
227
30. CHARACTERIZATION OF MULTIPOD CADMIUM SULFIDE
NANOSTRUCTURES SYNTHESIZED BY AMINETHERMAL METHOD
228
31. Characterization of nanostructured ZnO produced
by microwave irradiation
229
32. Characterization of SrCO(3) and BaCO(3) nanoparticles
synthesized by sonochemical method
230
231
33. Clubionidae from Laos and Thailand (Arachnida: Araneae) 34. Comparison of different methods for determination of Pt
surface site concentrations for supported Pt electrocatalysts
232
35. Comparison of gamma-aminobutyric acid production
in Thai rice grains
233
x
36. Complexity of terms, superpositions,
and generalized hypersubstitutions
234
37.
235
Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography-Mass
Spectrometry Analysis of Volatile Constituents
in Thai Vetiver Root Oils Obtained by Using
Different Extraction Methods
38. Compressive strength and microstructure
of carbon nanotubes-fly ash cement composites
236
39. Compressive strength, microstructure and thermal
analysis of autoclaved and air cured structural
lightweight concrete made with coal bottom ash and silica fume
237
40.
238
Controlled Gd(2)O(3) nanorods and nanotubes
by the annealing of Gd(OH)(3) nanorod and nanotube
precursors and self-templates produced by
a microwave-assisted hydrothermal process
41. Convergence Analysis for a System of Equilibrium Problems
and a Countable Family of Relatively Quasi-Nonexpansive
Mappings in Banach Spaces
239
42. Cultivation of Spirulina platensis using Anaerobically
Swine Wastewater Treatment Effluent
240
43. Defect-free Poly(9,9-bis(2-ethylhexyl)fluorene-2,7-vinylene)
for Polymer Light-Emitting Diode (PLED) Devices
241
44. Demiclosed Principle for Asymptotically Nonexpansive
Mappings in CAT(0) Spaces
242
45. Determination of nitrofurans residues in animal feeds
by flow injection chemiluminescence procedure
243
46. Dielectric and Ferroelectric Properties of
Pb(Zr(1/2)Ti(1/2))O(3)-Pb(Ni(1/3)Nb(2/3))O(3) Ceramics Under
Perpendicular Compressive Stress
244
47. Dielectric properties of lead-free solid solution
of Bi0.487Na0.487La0.017TiO3 and BaTiO3
245
48. Dispersion of Particulate Matter (PM10) from Forest Fires
in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand
246
49. Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Mimosa invisa
and Effect of the Soil pH on the Symbiosis
247
248
50. Doped Soap Membranes Selectively Permeate a Chiral Isomer
51. Ecological status of the lowland deciduous forest
in Chang Kian Valley, Chiang Mai, northern Thailand
249
52. Effect of compressive stress on the ferroelectric
hysteresis behavior in 0-3 PZT-cement composites
250
53. Effect of electrolyzed oxidizing water and continuous
ozone exposure on the control of Penicillium digitatum
on tangerine cv. ‘Sai Nam Pung’ during storage
251
54. Effect of feeding Spirulina platensis on growth
and carcass composition of hybrid red tilapia
(Oreochromis mossambicus x O. niloticus)
252
55. Effect of Particle Size on Dielectric and Ferroelectric
Properties of 0-3 Lead Magnesium Niobate
Titanate-Portland Cement Composites
253
56. Effect of plasma treatment on hydrophobicity
and barrier property of polylactic acid
254
xi
57. Effect of Si(3)N(4) nanoparticulates on the mechanical
and electrical properties of PZT ceramics
255
58. Effect of solvents on the microstructure of CaWO(4)
prepared by a solvothermal synthesis
256
59. Effect of Temperature on the Dielectric Properties
of 0-3 PZT-Cement Composites
257
60. Effects of Beryllium on Microstructure
and Resiliency of Silver-Copper Alloy
258
61. Effects of bromelain on cellular characteristics
and expression of selected genes in canine
in vitro chondrocyte culture
259
62. Effects of Mn and Cu Doping on Electrical Properties
of 0.75BiFeO(3)-0.25BaTiO(3) Ceramics
260
63. Effects of Parallel and Perpendicular Compressive
Stresses on the Dielectric and Ferroelectric
Properties of Soft PZT Ceramics
261
64. Effects of vibro-milling on relaxor ferroelectric behavior
and phase transition of lead-free Ba(Zr0.25Ti0.75)O3 ceramics
262
65. Effects of vibro-milling time on phase formation
and particle size of Zn(3)Nb(2)O(8) nanopowders
263
66. Effects of ZnO Nanowhiskers Addition on Microstructure
and Dielectric Properties of Lead Titanate Ceramics
264
67. Efficacy and Safety of 1-Month Postpartum Zidovudine-
Didanosine to Prevent HIV-Resistance Mutations after
Intrapartum Single-Dose Nevirapine
265
68. Electrical and Aging Properties of Doped Barium
Titanate Ceramics
267
268
69. ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PZT/PVDF 0-3 COMPOSITES
70. Electrochemically controlled surface plasmon resonance
immunosensor for the detection of human immunoglobulin G
on poly(3-aminobenzoic acid) ultrathin films
269
71. Endophytic actinomycetes isolated from Aquilaria
crassna Pierre ex Lec and screening of plant
growth promoters production
270
72. Enhanced Photocurrent Generation in Nanostructured
Chromophore/Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Layer-by-Layer
Multilayers
271
73. Enhanced piezoelectric properties and lowered sintering
temperature of Ba(Zr(0.07)Ti(0.93))O(3) by B(2)O(3) addition
272
74. Enhancement of Ethanol Sensing Properties by Alloying TiO(2)
With ZnO Tetrapods
273
75. Enhancement of Ethanol Sensing Properties
by Impregnating Platinum on Surface of ZnO Tetrapods
274
76. Enhancement of sensor response by TiO(2) mixing
and Au coating on ZnO tetrapod sensor
275
77. Environmental and biological factors affect desiccation
tolerance of algae from two rivers
(Thailand and New Zealand) with fluctuating flow
276
78. Estrogen bioassy of Pueraria mirifica Airy Shaw
and Suvatabandhu
277
xii
79. Ethanol-Promoted Fabrication of Tungsten Oxide Nanobelts with Defined Crystal Orientation
278
80. Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure
and X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Mn-Doped PZN-PZT Ceramics
279
81. Fabrication and Electrical Properties of Lead Zirconate Titanate-Cement-Epoxy Composites
280
82. Fabrication and properties of plasma-sprayed Al(2)O(3)/TiO(2)
composite coatings: A role of nano-sized TiO(2) addition
281
83. Fallow to forest: Applying indigenous and scientific knowledge
of swidden cultivation to tropical forest restoration
282
283
84. Fast Processing Technique for TiC Coatings on Titanium
85. Ferroelectric Hysteresis Behavior
of 0-3 PMNT-Cement Composites
284
86. Fifty Three New Record Species of Benthic Diatoms
from Mekong River and Its Tributaries in Thailand
285
87. Five new Mallinella species from the Sundaland
of Indonesia (Araneae, Zodariidae)
286
287
88. Fixed point theorems for alpha-nonexpansive mappings
89. FIXED POINT THEOREMS FOR NONLINEAR MAPPINGS
AND STRICT CONVEXITY OF BANACH SPACES
288
90. Flame-Spray-Made Undoped Zinc Oxide Films
for Gas Sensing Applications
289
91. Flow based immuno/bioassay and trends
in micro-immuno/biosensors
290
92. Flow Injection Determination of Iron Ions with Green Tea
Extracts as a Natural Chromogenic Reagent
291
93. Flow injection spectrophotometric determination
of lead using 1,5-diphenylthiocarbazone in aqueous micellar
292
94. Frequency dependence of the Ising-hysteresis phase-diagram:
Mean field analysis
293
95. gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Accumulations
in Rice During Germination
294
96. Gel-carbon nanotube materials: the relationship
between nanotube network connectivity and conductivity
296
97. Genetic diversity and community of endophytic actinomycetes
within the roots of Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lec assessed
by Actinomycetes-specific PCR and PCR-DGGE of 16S rRNA gene
297
98. Genetic evidence supports linguistic affinity
of Mlabri-a hunter-gatherer group in Thailand
298
99. Graft polymerization of flame-retardant compound
onto silk via plasma jet
300
100. Grain growth behavior in bismuth titanate-based ceramics
301
101. haracteristics of Trapiche Blue Sapphires
from Southern Vietnam
302
102. Harmonic Analysis of Dynamic Hysteresis Respons
of BaTiO3 Bulk Ceramics
303
103. High-performance thin-layer chromatographic determination
of ketoconazole in pharmaceutical formulations
304
xiii
104. HRTEM and ADF-STEM of precipitates at peak-ageing
in cast A356 aluminium alloy
305
105. Hydrothermal synthesis of double sheaf-like Sb(2)S(3)
using copolymer as a crystal splitting agent
306
106. Hydrothermal Synthesis of Lead Titanate Fine Powders
at Water Boiling Temperature
307
107. Hydrothermal synthesis of monoclinic WO(3) nanoplates
and nanorods used as an electrocatalyst
for hydrogen evolution reactions from water
308
108. Hysteresis scaling relations in polycrystalline BaTiO(3)
bulk ceramics
309
109. Identification of Major Phenolic Compounds
from Nephelium lappaceum L. and Their Antioxidant Activities
310
110. Immunoproteomic Assay of Streptococcus suis
Serotype 2 Isolated from Patients
311
111. Impedance study of giant dielectric permittivity
in BaFe(0.5)Nb(0.5)O(3) perovskite ceramic
312
112. In vitro cultivation and fruit body formation
of the black bolete, Phlebopus portentosus, a popular
edible ectomycorrhizal fungus in Thailand
313
113. Infections of Nosema ceranae in four different honeybee species
314
114. Influence of B(2)O(3) on electrical properties and phase
transition of lead-free Ba(Ti(0.9)Sn(0.1))O(3) ceramics
315
115.
316
Influence of metal cofactors and water on the
catalytic mechanism of creatininase-creatinine in aqueous solution from molecular dynamics
simulation and quantum study
116. Interfacial morphology and domain configurations
in 0-3 PZT-Portland cement composites
317
117. Ishikawa Iterative Process for a Pair of Single-valued
and Multivalued Nonexpansive Mappings in Banach Spaces
318
118. Large-scale synthesis of CuS hexaplates in mixed solvents
using a solvothermal method
319
119. L-Asparaginase Production by Bipolaris sp BR438 Isolated
from Brown Rice in Thailand
320
120. Luminescence and absorbance of highly crystalline CaMoO(4),
SrMoO(4), CaWO(4) and SrWO(4) nanoparticles synthesized
by co-precipitation method at room temperature
321
121. Mesoscale Simulation of a Very Heavy Rainfall Event over Mumbai,
Using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model
322
122. Microstructural, physical, and thermal analyses
of Portland cement-fly ash-calcium hydroxide blended pastes
323
123. Microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of Bi(2)S(3)
nanorods in flower-shaped bundles
324
124. Microwave-assisted Pt-Co-Cr/C ternary compound
preparation applied as a cathode catalyst for PEMFC
325
125. Microwave-assisted synthesis and characterization
of SrMoO(4) and SrWO(4) nanocrystals
326
126. Molecular dynamics simulations of Krytox-Silica-Nafion composite
for high temperature fuel cell electrolyte membranes
327
xiv
127. Molecular Markers for Identification of Stellantchasmus
falcatus and a Phylogenic Study using the HAT-RAPD Method
329
128. Molecular Modeling of Peroxidase and Polyphenol Oxidase:
Substrate Specificity and Active Site Comparison
330
129. Molecular simulations of ultra-low-energy nitrogen ion
bombardment of A-DNA in vacuum
331
130. Monitoring of arsenic in aquatic plants, water,
and sediment of wastewater treatment ponds
at the Mae Moh Lignite power plant, Thailand
332
131. Monte Carlo Investigation of Ferromagnetic Properties
Under Compressive Stress
334
132. Muscodor cinnamomi, a new endophytic species
from Cinnamomum bejolghota
335
133. Nanostructured carbon nanotubes/copper phthalocyanine
hybrid multilayers prepared using layer-by-layer
self-assembly approach
336
134. Oblongolides from the Endophytic Fungus Phomopsis sp BCC 9789
337
135. Occurrence and diversity of basidiomycetous endophytes
from the oil palm, Elaeis guineensis in Thailand
338
136. Patterns of occurrence of myxomycetes on lianas
339
137. Pervaporation flow injection analysis for the determination
of sulphite in food samples utilising potassium permanganaterhodamine B chemiluminescence detection
340
138. Phase development and dielectric responses in PMN-BNT ceramics
341
139. Phase transition anomaly observed in PbZrO3/Al2O3
nanocomposites
342
140. Phase transition behavior in (1-x)PZT-xBiAlO3 ceramics
343
141. Phenolic content and antioxidant properties
of green chilli paste and its ingredients
344
142. Plasma immersion low-energy-ion bombardment of naked DNA
345
143. Polyethyleneimine/sodium dodecyl sulphate adsorbed
silica particles and their adsorption properties
346
144. Polymer-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of Bi(2)S(3)
nanostructured flowers
347
145. Prevalence of Haplorchis taichui in Field-Collected Snails:
A Molecular Approach
348
146. Processing and properties of nanoporous
hydroxyapatite ceramics
349
147. Production of Monoclonal Antibody to Acaricide Dicofol
and Its Derivatives
350
148. Quantitative analysis of a complex metal carbide formed
during furnace cooling of cast duplex stainless steel
using EELS and EDS in the TEM
351
149. Randomized controlled trial of live lactobacillus
acidophilus plus bifidobacterium bifidum in prophylaxis
of diarrhea during radiotherapy in cervical cancer patients
352
150. Remarks on Asymptotic Centers and Fixed Points
353
151. Reverse flow injection spectrophotometric
for determination of aluminium (III)
354
xv
152. SCHUADER’S CONJECTURE ON CONVEX METRIC SPACES
355
153. Selection of Starter Cultures for the Production
of Vegetarian Kapi, a Thai Fermented Condiment
356
154. Self-Reduction of Gold on Activated Carbon Cloth
357
155. Sensor response formula for sensor based
on ZnO nanostructures
358
156. Sequential injection analysis with lab-at-valve (SI-LAV)
for the determination of solasodine in Solanum species
359
157. Sequential Injection-Cation Exchange Micro-column System
for Hemoglobin Typing to Differentiate HbE Carriers
360
158. Sequential Injection-Immunoassay System with a Plain
Glass Capillary Reactor for the Assay of Hyaluronan
361
159. Short Communication: Hematological Safety of Perinatal
Exposure to Zidovudine in Uninfected Infants Born
to HIV Type 1-Infected Women in Thailand
362
160. Simulating Pesticide Transport from a Sloped Tropical Soil
to an Adjacent Stream
364
161. Sorption Characteristics of Indigo Carmine as
a Blue Colorant for Use in One-bath Natural Dyeing
365
162. Spatial and temporal variations of ambient
PM(10)-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
in Chiang Mai and Lamphun Provinces, Thailand
366
163. Spatial and Temporal Variations of Physical-Chemical
Water Quality and some Heavy Metals in Water, Sediments
and Fish of the Mae Kuang River, Northern Thailand
367
164. Spray Forming of Bulk Ultrafine-Grained Al-Fe-Cr-Ti
368
165. Stemphol Galactoside, a New Stemphol Derivative Isolated
from the Tropical Endophytic Fungus Gaeumannomyces amomi
369
166. Stress-dependent dielectric and ferroelectric properties
of sol-gel-derived PZT/WO(3) ceramics
370
167. Strong convergence of a new iterative scheme
for a finite family of strict pseudo-contractions
371
168. Strong convergence of composite iterative schemes
for a countable family of nonexpansive mappings
in Banach spaces
372
169. Strong Convergence Theorem for a New General System
of Variational Inequalities in Banach Spaces
373
170. STRONG CONVERGENCE THEOREMS BY HYBRID METHODS
FOR FAMILIES OF RELATIVELY NONEXPANSIVE MAPPINGS
IN HILBERT SPACES
374
171. Strong convergence theorems for a general system
of variational inequality problems, mixed equilibrium
problems and fixed points problems with applications
375
172. STRONG CONVERGENCE THEOREMS FOR MAXIMAL MONOTONE OPERATORS
AND GENERALIZED NONEXPANSIVE MAPPINGS IN BANACH SPACES
376
173. Sub-coercive field dynamic hysteresis in morphotropic
phase boundary composition of Pb(Zr(1/2)Ti(1/2))O(3)-Pb(Zn(1/3)Nb(2/3))O(3)
ceramic and its scaling behavior
377
xvi
174. Sulfur hexafluoride plasma surface modification
of Gly-Ala and Ala-Gly as Bombyx mori silk model
compounds: Mechanism investigations
378
175. Surface Characterization of PZN Ceramics Prepared
by a Columbite B-Site Precursor
379
176. Synthesis of a Novel Fluorescent Sensor Bearing Dansyl
Fluorophores for the Highly Selective Detection
of Mercury (II) Ions
380
177. Synthesis of CdIn(2)Se(4) compound used as thermoelectric materials via the solution method
381
178. Synthesis of hexagonal WO(3) nanowires by microwave-assisted
hydrothermal method and their electrocatalytic
activities for hydrogen evolution reaction
382
179. Synthesis of nanocrystalline metal molybdates
using cyclic microwave radiation
383
180. Synthesis of novel ZnS/ZnAl(2)S(4) core/shell
nanocomposites using a facile solvothermal route
384
181. Synthesis of zeolite phases from combustion by-products
385
182. Synthesis, characterisation and photoluminescence
of nanocrystalline calcium tungstate
386
183. Taxonomic characterization of Streptomyces strain CH54-4 isolated from mangrove sediment
387
184. The case for the use of unrefined natural reagents in
analytical chemistry-A green chemical perspective
388
185. The chemical composition and antioxidant activities
of basil from Thailand using retention indices
and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography
389
186. The Debye Dielectric Behavior of Mixed Normal and
Relaxor-Ferroelectrics: Monte Carlo Investigation
390
187. The effect of H(2)O and PEG on the morphologies of ZnO
nanostructures synthesized under microwave radiation
391
188. The Effects of Sugar Application on the Concentrations
of Anthocyanin and Flavonol of ‘Mahajanaka’ Mango
(Mangifera indica Linn. cv. Mahajanaka) Fruit
392
189. The Fixed Point Property of Unital Abelian Banach Algebras
393
190. The gas phase conformers and vibrational spectra
of valine, leucine and isoleucine: An ab initio study
394
191. The Interactive Effects of Inorganic Carbon and Light on
a Tropical Submerged Macrophyte: Egeria densa
Planchon (Hydrocharitaceae)
395
192. The occurrence of Melissococcus plutonius in healthy
colonies of Apis mellifera and the efficacy of European
foulbrood control measures
396
193. The solution route synthesis of the Cu(0.5)Ag(1.5)InSe(3)
compound for thermoelectric applications
397
194. The spitting spider family Scytodidae in Thailand,
with descriptions of three new Dictis species (Araneae)
398
195. Theoretical Description of Electromagnetic Nonbonded
Interactions of Radical, Cationic, and Anionic
NH(2)BHNBHNH(2) Inside of the B(18)N(18) Nanoring
399
xvii
196.
Theoretical Study of the Bombyx mori Silk Surface
Functionalization: Quantum Mechanical Calculation
of the Glycine-Alanine Unit Reacting with Fluorine
and Molecular Dynamic Simulation of Wettability
401
197. Thermal analysis and microstructure of Portland
cement-fly ash-silica fume pastes
402
198. Thermal expansion behavior and estimated total polarizations
of lead zirconate titanate-lead nickel niobate ceramics
403
199. Thermal sprayed stainless steel/carbon nanotube
composite coatings
404
200. TPA-ZrO(2)-SiO(2)-Catalyzed Polyesterification of TMP Polyester
405
201. Tris(ethylenediamine) cobalt(II) sulfate
406
202. TWO-STEP SYNTHESIS OF CdS (hcp) NANORODS USING
SONOCHEMICAL AND HYDROTHERMAL PROCESSES
407
203. Utilization of ceramic waste as fine aggregate within
Portland cement and fly ash concretes
408
204. Utilization of fly ash with silica fume and properties
of Portland cement-fly ash-silica fume concrete
409
205. Weak and strong convergence theorems for a finite family
of generalized asymptotically quasi-nonexpansive mappings
410
206. Weak Convergence Theorems for a Countable Family
of Strict Pseudocontractions in Banach Spaces
411
207. Webcam camera as a detector for a simple lab-on-chip
time based approach
412
208. yclic microwave assisted synthesis of Sb(2)S(3) dumb-bells
using polyvinylpyrrolidone as a template and splitting agent
413
209. ZnO Nanobelts as a Photoelectrode
for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell
Faculty of social sciences
414
1. Artwork and Community History around Burmese-Tai Yai Temples in Lampang
415
2. Prehistoric Culture of Pra Tu Pha Limestone Hills
in Mae Moh District, Lampang Province
416
Postharvest technology innovation center
1. BrimA, total Acidity and total soluble solid correlate to
total carotenoid contents as indicators of the ripening
process of six Thai mango fruit cultivars
417
2. Comparative Characterisation of Durian, Mango and Avocado
418
3. Diversity of Moulds in Fresh Longan
419
4. Drying Kinetics and Dried Product Quality of Rosemary
Leaves, Lavender Flowers and Rose Petals
420
5. Effect of electrolyzed oxidizing water and continuous
ozone exposure on the control of penicillium digitatum
421
6. Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide on the Quality
of Abalone Mushroom
422
7. Effect of Radio Frequency Heat Treatment to Control
Aspergillus flavus in Maize (Zea mays)
423
xviii
8. Inhibitory Effect of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)
Photocatalytic Ozonation on Controlling Anthracnose
Disease of Bird Chilli (Capsicum fruescens L.) After Harvest
424
9. PCR-based Detection and Differentiation of Anthracnose
Pathogen isolates from ‘Nam Dok Mai Si Thong’ Mang
Orchards at Prao, Chiang Mai
425
10. The Decrease of Quiescent and Anthracnose Disease
for Increasing Export Potential of “Nam Dok Mai Si Thong” mango at Prao in Chiang Mai
426
II. The Abstracts Presented in the conferences
Faculty of Dentistry
1. CORRELATION OF DELIVERY MODES AND EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES 429
Faculty of Agro-industry
1. CRUDE MALVA NUT GUM AFFECTS PASTING AND TEXTURAL PROPERTIES
OF WHEAT FLOUR IN THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF SODIUM CHLORIDE
431
2. DEVELOPMENT OF COCONUT MILK ICE CREAM MIXED
WITH MALVA NUT JELLY
432
433
3. DEVELOPMENT OF GLUTEN-FREE BREAD MIXED WITH JIAOGULAN
4. EFFECT OF CRUDE MALVA NUT GUM ON PASTING BEHAVIOR
AND FREEZE-THAW STABILITY OF TAPIOCA STARCH
434
5. EFFECT OF SOAKING CONDITIONS ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL
PROPERTIES OF RED-JASMINE GERMINATED BROWN RICE FLOUR
435
6. PASTING BEHAVIOR AND FREEZE-THAW STABILITY OF WHEAT, RICE
AND GLUTINOUS RICE FLOURS MIXED WITH MALVA NUT GUM SYSTEMS
436
7. QUALITY PARAMETERS AND GLYCEMIC INDEX OF GLUTEN-FREE
COOKIE USING DIFFERENT SWEETENERS
437
faculty of engineering
1. A Novel Neuro-Fuzzy Method for Linguistic Feature
Selectionand Rule-Based Classification
438
2. Application of Cleaner Technology and Experimental Design
for the Reduction of Chemical Substance Consumption
in the Hard Disk Drive Arm Coil Assembly Process
439
3. Application of Cleaner Technology Concepts in the Arm
Coil Assembly Process of Hard Disk Drive Manufacturing
440
4. Application of Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process for Supplier
Selection of Automobile and Electronic Industries
441
5. Automatic Detection of Electricity Pylons in Aerial Video Sequences 442
6. Bus Stop Selection for Bus System of Large IndustrialFactory
443
7. Characterization on Properties of Modification Gelatin Films
with Carboxymethylcellulose
444
8. Design of Signal Control by Using FPGA for Indirect X-Ray
Detector Couple CIS Image Sensor
445
9. Development of Wireless Videonystagmography Recording
for Medical Diagnosis
446
447
10. Drying kinetics of Longan Flesh at High Temperature
xix
11. DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF ELECTROCNIC CABINET 448
12. EARTHQUAKE LOSS ESTIMATION FOR CHIANG MAI CITY
449
13. Effect of DSM in Cold Storage on Product Properties
and Electricity Usage
450
14. Effect of Powder Sized on Heat Transfer Characteristics
of Miniature Sintered-Wick Heat Pipe
451
452
15. EFFECTS OF SEISMIC FORCE ON MAE THALOP LUANG DAM
16. Experimental Investigation of Closed Loop Oscillating Heat Pipe
as the Condenser for Vapor Compression Refrigeration 453
17. Impact of Work-Rest Period on Mental Fatigue
in Inspection Task with Microscope: Case Study
of Hard Disk Drive Component Manufacturing Company
454
18. Modeling and Validation of a Single-Cell PEMFC 455
19. Noise covariance estimation using dual estimation
for disturbance storm time index application 456
20. PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF HEAT PUMP DRYER
FOR SMALL INDUSTRY BY DIFFERENT CONTROL METHODS
OF HOT AIR TEMPERATURE
457
21. Power Transfer Capability Enhancement with Multitype
FACTS Controllers Using Particle Swarm Optimization
458
22. PREDICTION OF INITIAL NATURAL DETERIORATION
OF HISTORICAL BRICK MASONRY STRUCTURES
BY ACCELERATION TEST USING SULFURIC ACID
459
23. PRORISK: A Project Oriented Risk Management Model
460
24. SEISMIC EVALUATION OF SCHOOL BUILDINGS IN CHIANG MAI 461
25. Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) of Two-Level
Inverter Using TMS320F2812 Digital Signal Processor (DSP)
26. The Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Elasticity by Using
the Input-output Method: The case of Thailand faculty of fine arts
1. The Furniture Design Research by Creating with contemporary
Cultural Value for Value Added and Market Differentiated
462
463
464
energy research and development institute-nakornping
1. Biomethane: An Alternative Green Fuel to CNG
465
Faculty of humanities
1. Participation of the Communities to Process Food
in GHP / GMP Guidlines : A Case Study of Red Chili Paste
and Tua Noa Products Community Enterprise
466
iii. The Abstracts unpublished
faculty of associated medical sciences
1. DETERMINATION OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES LEVEL
IN FARMER SERA FROM CHIANG MAI PROVINCE
469
2. DEVELOPMENT OF THE OCCUPATIONAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
FOR DEMENTED ELDERLY
470
xx
3. PREVALENCE OF OBESITY AND COMPARISON OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR
FITNESS IN FEMALE UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS, FACULTY
OF ASSOCIATED MEDICAL SCIENCES, CHIANG MAI UNIVERSITY
471
4. QUALITY OF LIFE AND PERCEIVED HEALTH STATUS AMONG
PEOPLE WITH SPINAL CORD INJURY
472
5. THE RESULTS OF THAI ELEPHANT-ASSISTED THERAPY PROGRAM
ON BASIC SENSORY-MOTOR PERFORMANCE AND ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR
IN INDIVIDUALS WITH AUTISM: A PILOT STUDY
473
6. USE OF INTERNET FOR EDUCATION OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY
STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF ASSOCIATED MEDICAL SCIENCES,
CHIANG MAI UNIVERSITY
474
faculty of dentistry
1. ALTERED EXPRESSION OF P-AKT, AKT (3 ISOFORMS), MMP, VIMENTIN
AND E-CADHERIN IS ASSOCIATED WITH EPITHELIAL-
MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION IN ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
476
2. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF THE PURIFIED ACTIVE CHEMICALS FROM BOESENBERGIA PANDURATA ROXB. (THAI GINGER, FINGERROOT, OR GKRA-CHAI) IN CULTURED HUMAN ORAL CELLS
477
3. DEVELOPMENT OF NEWLY REGENERATE DENTOALVEOLAR BONE
WITH TWIN-TRACK DISTRACTION COMBINED WITH MINISCREW IMPLANTS
479
4. EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT PRIMERS AND ADHESIVE RESINS
ON SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF ORTHODONTIC BRACKET
480
5. IDENTIFICATION OF PREVOTELLA BARONIAE
BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR)
481
6. RESONANCE FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF ORTHODONTIC MINISCREWS
SUBJECTED TO IMMEDIATE OR DELAYED LOADING
482
faculty of nursing
1. EFFECTS OF USING AN INTERNET-BASED PROGRAM TO PROMOTE
HEALTHY EATING BEHAVIOR AMONG THAI EARLY ADOLESCENTS
483
2. LESSON LEARNED FROM CHILDCARE CENTER MODEL
IN FACULTY OF NURSING, CHIANG MAI UNIVERSITY
484
3. NORMALCY FROM THE PERSPECTIVES OF CHRONICALLY ILL
CHILDREN, FAMILIES, AND NURSING PERSONNEL
486
488
4. ROLE MODEL BEHAVIORS OF NURSING FACULTY MEMBERS IN THAILAND
5. THAI NURSING STUDENTS’ ADAPTION TO PROBLEM-BASED
LEARNING: A QUALITATIVE STUDY 489
6. WOMAN SEXUAL RIGHTS AS PERCEIVED BY YOUNG ADULT MEN
IN CHIANG MAI, THAILAND
490
faculty of architecture
1. Architecture Building Facilities Management
2. Performance of Chimney Techniques:
Case of Chiang Mai House
491
492
faculty of engineering
1. Application of Lean Thinking for Waste Reduction
in Hard Disk Drive Manufacturing
493
xxi
2. Continuous Combined Infrared and Hot Air Dryer
for Laboratory Scale 494
social research institute
1. DATABASE FOR LAND USE PLANNING IN CHANGPUAK MUNICIPALITY 495
2. The Knowledge Management in Lan Na Traditional Medicine: A Case Study of Mareng (Baheng) Illness. 496
497
3. URBAN PLANNING PRACTICE TO SUPPORT CHIANG MAI CITY RENEWAL facutly of fine arts
1. Drawing creation of human forms inspired by line colour
Form and texture in ceramic art
498
2. Hill Tribes; Beliefs and Ways of Life towards the Creation
of Contemporary Sculpture
499
3. SUSTAINABLE EFFICACIOUS THE RENOVATION OF HUMAN MIND
501
4. Ta-Lung of Modern Technology
503
5. Transforming Chiang Mai: Creative Photography
by Plastic Camera Holga
504
facutly of law
1. Laws and Custom in the Management of Natural Resources: Comparative Case Studies of the Karen in Mae Wang District and the Community Forests Management
of Chiang Dao District, Chiang Mai Province
faculty of political sciences
505
1. Project on Empowering Community to Combat Smog Crisis:
A Research Study for Alternative Solutions to Smog
Problems and Watching Network Development
506
2. Project on Empowering Community to Combat Smog Crisis:
Community Development Activities to Build Solution
Learning Sites within Communities 507
3.
508
The Changes of Working Procedures and Public Service
Delivery Process of Regional Public Organizations
in Chiang Mai Province to Comply with the Policy
on Citizen-Centered Governance
college of arts, media and technology
1. The Factors affecting tourist decisions in services selection
of Boutique Hotels in Chiang Mai Province
510
AuthorS Index
511
xxii
the abstracts
of full papers
publication
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
Sakda Pruenglampoo1, Posri Leelapat1, Chamnong Kingkeow1,
Chatchai Muenkonkeaw1, Anong Suntranon2, Srisuda Sae-tang2, Ampun Chaitongsri2,
Molwipa Sirihorachai2, Surasing Visrutaratna2 and Ampica Mangklabruks1
1
Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Chiang Mai Provincial Public Health Office, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
2
ABSTRACT
Growth is a marker of health and nutrition status. Well growth during
childhood leads to well physical and mental development in later life. This study
aimed to assess growth and development in 2,345 preschool children aged 3 to
less than 6 years in 96 child day care centers in seven districts of Chiang Mai
province namely: Mueang, Hang Dong, San Kam Phaeng, Chiang Dao, Doi Tao,
Om Koi and Samoeng. Growth was assessed by weight (wt) and height (ht)
while development of preschool children was assessed in 5 areas: Gross Motor
(G.M.), Fine Motor (F.M.), Receptive Language (R.L.), Expression Language (E.L.)
including Personal and Social (P.S.). The results showed that the average wt and
ht of preschool children of Om Koi, Doi Tao, and Samoeng were lower than those
of other districts while Om Koi showed the lowest values. Using wt for age and ht
for age as indices, Om Koi had the most percentage of preschool children below
cut off point. Using wt for ht as an index, Hang Dong showed the most percentage
of preschool children below cut off point. Regarding to development, it was found
that Om Koi had more percentage of children with delayed development in F.M.,
E.L. and P.S. compared with other districts. Samoeng and Hang Dong had quite the
same percentage of children with delayed development in G.M. and R.L. Samoeng
also had quite the same percentage of children with delayed development in F.M.
as Om Koi. It seemed that lower wt and ht was one factor which may increase
risk of the under development of children in Om Koi.
Published in the Proceeding of the 4th Thailand Congress of Nutrition, Sep. 2010, p. 231.
Presented poster at the 4th Thailand Congress of Nutrition, Sep. 2010.
Supported by Thai Government in fiscal year 2008.
3
IODINE STATUS OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
Sakda Pruenglampoo1, Posri Leelapat1, Chamnong Kingkeow1,
Chatchai Muenkonkeaw1, Anong Suntranon2, Srisuda Sae-tang2,
Ampun Chaitongsri2, Molwipa Sirihorachai2, Surasing Visrutaratna2
and Ampica Mangklabruks1
1
Chiang Mai Provincial Public Health Office, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
2
ABSTRACT
Almost 90% of absorbed iodine in the body excretes in urine. So the excretion
of iodine in urine is a good measure of iodine intake and reflects iodine status.
This study aimed to assess iodine status using urinary iodine as indicator in 2,345
preschool children in 96 child day care centers in 7 districts of Chiang Mai province
namely: Mueang, Hang Dong, San Kam Phaeng, Chiang Dao, Doi Tao, Om Koi and
Samoeng. Urinary iodine concentration was analyzed using ammonium persulphate
digestion and intensity of complex was measured by microplate reader. World Health
Organization (WHO) criteria were used in the evaluation. The median urinary
iodine concentration (UI) of 2,345 children was 217.80 ug/L indicated that they
had adequate iodine intake the same as the children in the other 6 districts except
Om Koi. The range of median UI of children in 6 districts was 171.39 ug/L (in
Chiang Dao) to 240.07 ug/L (in Mueang district). The children in Om Koi had the
median UI of 112.80 ug/L which above the cut off point of 100 ug/L. However, when
consider % of children in Om Koi who had UI less than 50 ug/L, it was found to
be 21.20% which was higher than 20% as additional criteria of WHO. It could be
concluded that among 7 districts, there was still iodine deficiency in children of
Om Koi whereas iodine intake was sufficient in other areas.
4
Published in the Proceeding of the 4th Thailand Congress of Nutrition, Sep. 2010, p. 232.
Presented poster at the 4th Thailand Congress of Nutrition, Sep. 2010.
Supported by Thai Government in fiscal year 2008.
A PROPHYLACTIC EFFECT OF MASSAGE ON SYMPTOMS
OF MUSCLE DAMAGE INDUCED BY ECCENTRIC EXERCISE
OF THE WRIST EXTENSORS
Peanchai Khamwong, Ubon Pirunsan and Aatit Paungmali
Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University,
Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
The main purpose of this study was to determine the prophylactic effect of
massage on symptoms of muscle damage induced by eccentric exercise of the wrist
extensors. Twenty-eight healthy males, mean age of 20.8±1.2 yrs, participated in
this study. A randomized experimental-controlled design was employed. Half of the
participants were randomly divided into the massage and the control groups.
Massage was used before eccentric exercise induction in the wrist extensor. The
exercises were conducted on the non-dominant arm by using an isokinetic device.
All subjects were tested to examine muscle damage characteristics including
sensory-motor functions. Sensory-motor functions includes pain intensity [Visual
Analogue Scale (VAS) and Modified Likert scale (LS), thermal pain threshold [cold
pain (CPT)], and mechanical: pressure pain threshold (PPT), range of motion in
active wrist flexion (ROM-AF) and extension (ROM-AE), range of motion in passive
wrist flexion (ROM-PF) and extension (ROM-PE), grip strength (GS), and wrist
extension strength (WES) at baseline, immediate and from 1st to 8th days after the
exercise-induced muscle damage.
Published in Journal of Sports Science and Technology, 2010; 10(1): 245-259.
5
A PROPHYLACTIC EFFECT OF PROPRIOCEPTIVE NEUROMUSCULAR
FACILITATION (PNF) STRETCHING ON SYMPTOMS OF MUSCLE DAMAGE
Peanchai Khamwong, Ubon Pirunsan and Aatit Paungmali
ABSTRACT
Stretching with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is frequently
used before exercise. The prophylactic effect of PNF on symptoms of muscle
damage induced by eccentric exercise of the wrist extensors was examined in this
study. Twenty-eight healthy males were randomly divided into the PNF group (n
= 14) and the control group (n = 14). PNF was used before eccentric exercise
induction in the wrist extensors. All subjects were tested to examine muscle
damage characteristics including sensory-motor functions at baseline, immediate and
from 1st to 8th days after the exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). The results
demonstrated that the PNF group showed a lesser deficit in some sensory-motor
functions (p < 0.05) than the control group. The prior PNF stretching application
could be useful for attenuating the signs and symptoms of muscle damage after
eccentric exercise.
Published in Journal of Bodywork & Movement Therapies, 2010; in-press (doi:10:1016/
j.jbmt.2010.07.006).
6
EFFECTS OF UP-AND DOWNSLOPE WALKING ON MEAN AND VARIABILITY
OF GAIT PARAMETERS IN ELDERLY WOMEN
Sirinun Boripuntakul and Somporn Sungkarat
ABSTRACT
Background: In daily living, we often encounter challenge situations such as negotiating uneven and inclined walking surfaces. It has been
reported that irregular walking surfaces are highly associated with falls in elders.
Nevertheless, little evidence has been directed towards the examination on
how elders’ walking patterns are modified in these circumstances. Objective:
To investigate the effects of up-and downslope walking on mean and variability
of gait parameters in healthy elderly women. Method: Fifteen healthy elderly
women with no history of fall walked on a treadmill at their preferred speed
for 10 min in each testing condition. There were three testing conditions;
1) walked on level surface, 2) walk up 9°- slope and 3) walk down 9°- slope.
Gait parameters and gait variability were captured using a 2-D motion analysis
system then analyzed with a SiliconCoach program. Repeated measures ANOVA were
conducted to determine the differences of each dependent variable among the three
testing conditions. Results: Compared to the level surface, a significant increase in
toe clearance and decrease in step length were observed in the 9° upslope walking condition. For the 9° downslope walking condition, a significant decrease in
step length and maximal sole inclination were observed. Double-support time and
gait variability were unchanged across the three testing conditions. Conclusion:
Healthy, elderly women demonstrated a significant decrease in step length and
increase in toe clearance while walking on the upslope surface. It was speculated
that these changes reflected a cautious gait strategy the elders employed to ensure
gait stability. Walking on the downslope surface resulted in a significant decrease
step length and maximal sole inclination while other variables were unchanged.
Stride length and stride time variability were relatively unchanged in the present
study, suggesting efficiency of the neuromuscular control system in regulating
gait and maintaining a steady walking pattern in healthy elders.
Key words: Gait parameter, Gait variability, Upslope, Downslope, Elderly women
Published in Thai Journal of Physical Therapy, 2010; 32(2), 55-61.
7
IMPACT OF FOOTWEAR STYLES ON POSTURAL CONTROL ABILITY
OF FEMALE ELDERLY
Supanee Chounchay, Somporn Sungkarat and Patima Silsupadol
ABSTRACT
The purposes of this study were: (1) to identify the top three footwear styles
commonly worn by Thai elderly women and (2) to investigate the impact of footwear
styles on postural control of Thai elderly women. The survey study was conducted
on 170 Thai elderly women who lived in the area outside municipal limits, Chiang
Mai province. The top three footwear styles obtained from the survey study were
then used to investigate their impact on postural control. Thirty elderly women
(mean aged = 63.23±3.22 yrs) participated in the second part of the study. All
participants underwent the postural control tests while wearing each of the four
footwear styles (i.e. sandal, thong, high-heel, and athletic shoes). The postural
control tests used in the study were the one leg stance test (OLST), reach test,
modified clinical test of sensory interaction and balance (mCTSIB), 10-meter walk
test (TMW), and timed up and go test (TUG). One-way repeated measure analysis
of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni was used to determine significant differences
of the postural control ability among the four footwear styles. Findings showed
that the top three footwear styles worn by Thai elderly women who lived outside
municipal limits were sandal (45.3%), followed by thong (28.8%), and high-heel
shoes (12.4%). Overall, there were no significant differences of all dependent variables among the 4 footwear styles except for the mCTSIB on foam surface with eye
closed condition and TUG. Participants received higher score for the mCTSIB on
foam surface with eye closed condition when they wore athletic shoes as compared
to sandal (p= .02) and high-heel shoes (p= .05). For TUG, they walked faster when
they wore athletic shoes compared to high-heel shoes (p= .04). In conclusion,
the most popular footwear styles worn by Thai elderly women who live outside
municipal limits were sandal, followed by thong, and high-heel shoes. Overall,
the impact of each footwear style on postural control was not different with the
exception for the modified CTSIB on foam surface with eye closed condition and
the TUG in which the athletic shoes provide slightly better postural control than
high heel and sandal.
Key words: footwear styles, postural control ability, elderly women
8
Published in Thai Journal of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, 2010; 11(1), 25-35.
RELIABILITY OF MUSCLE FUNCTION AND SENSORY PERCEPTION
MEASUREMENTS OF THE WRIST EXTENSORS
Peanchai Khamwong1, Kazunori Nosaka2, Ubon Pirunsan1 and Aatit Paungmali1
1
2
School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup,
Western Australia, Australia.
ABSTRACT
This study determined the reliability of muscle function and sensory perception
measures of the wrist extensors. The test-retest reliability of the measurements was
determined by an Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation
(CV), standard error of measurements (SEMs), and one-way repeated measures
ANOVA using the values collected from 25 young (20.6±1.3 years) healthy male
volunteers on two occasions separated by 1 day. The measures consisted of grip
strength, wrist extension strength (WES), range of motion in active and passive
wrist flexion and extension, choice reaction time, vibration sense (VIB), joint
position error sense (JPE), cold pain (CP) and heat pain threshold, and pressure
pain threshold. An acceptable reliability was determined as the ICC values greater
than 0.85, CV less than 15%, and SEMs less than 5%. ICC of all measures except
for JPE were greater than 0.85, only CV of JPE, CP and VIB exceeded 15%, SEMs
were higher than 5% only for JPE and CP, and the ANOVA showed a significant
time effect for CRT and WES. It is concluded that the most of the measurements
except JPE are reliable and can be used to investigate effects of a physiotherapy
intervention on the wrist extensors.
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2010; 26 (6), 408-415.
9
SENSORY PROFILE ASSESSMENT TOOL
FOR CHILDREN 0-36 MONTHS OF AGE, THAI VERSION
Supaporn Chinchai and Sarinya Sriphetcharawut
Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai
University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this developmental research was to develop the sensory
profile assessment tool for assessing sensory processing of children from birth to
36 months old in Thai version and to examine its psychometric properties; content
validity and reliability. The Sensory Profile was translated from original version to
target version by the researchers. Two experts in occupational therapy conducted
the translation-back translation process on the target version and then examined
for its content validity evidence by three occupational therapists who had at least
3 years using the sensory integrative approach for their clinical practice. The
examination of 2 types reliability; internal consistency and test-retest reliability, was
conducted in parents of 30 infants with birth to 6 months of age and 30 children
with 7 to 36 months of age. These parents were recruited from the well baby clinics
of Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital and Nakornping Hospital.
The panel experts resulted in the establishment of content validity of the
Sensory Profile Assessment Tool for Children from Birth to 36 Months Old, Thai
Version with the index of item Objective Congruence (IOC) over 0.5 of all items. The
analysis of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient revealed an acceptable internal consistency of
the Sensory Profile Assessment Tool for Children from Birth to 6 Months Old, Thai
Version in all areas (α = .74) and of the Sensory Profile Assessment Tool for Children
from 7 to 36 Months Old, Thai Version in all areas (α = .92). Using an intraclass
correlation coefficient (ICC) to examine test-retest reliability, the Sensory Profile
Assessment Tool for Children from Birth to 6 Months Old, Thai Version had shown
an excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = .92) and the Sensory Profile Assessment
Tool for Children from 7 to 36 Months Old, Thai Version had demonstrated an
excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = .89).
10
Published in Bulletin of Chiang Mai Associated Medical Science, 2010; 43 (3), 201-210.
USING WEIGHTED VEST TO INCREASE ATTENTION
IN CHILDREN WITH HYPERACTIVITY
Nuntanee Satiansukpong, Supaporn Chinchai and Busabongkoch Chawengchao
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of weighted vest
whether it could increase an attending time in 12 students with hyperactivity, ages
3–15 years old from Kawila Anukul School, Muang Distric of ChiangMai. The ABA
research design was used. The study was conducted in the 6 week period. In the
first 2 weeks: the baseline phase, a child did not wear the weighted vest and then
in the third and forth week: the intervention phase, a child wore the weighted vest,
which was calibrated at 4 percent of the child’s body weight, for 30 minutes, 3 times
a week. In the fifth and the sixth week: the withdrawn phase, a child was no longer
used the weighted vest. The child’s attending time, distraction time were measured
while doing table-top activity for 15 minutes after wearing the weighted vest for at
least 10 minutes. The measurement was done 3 times a week, at the same time and
on the same day in each week. The results from descriptive analyses showed that
wearing weighted vest increased attending time in 2 cases of children with Mental
Retarded (100%), in 2 cases of 3 children with Down’s syndrome (66.66%), in 2
cases of 7 children with Autism (28.58%). In conclusion wearing the weighted vest
while doing table-top activity could increase attending time in 6 cases of 12 children
with hyperactivity (50%). The distraction times in these cases also reduced. An
occupational therapist may consider using weighted vest in hyperactive children
with Mental Retardation and with Down’s syndrome. To use the weighted vest in
hyperactive children with Autism may need further studies concerning suitability
about the size, the frequency, and the duration of weighted vest for each case of
children with Autism due to the varieties of symptoms.
Published in Journal of Occupational Therapist Association of Thailand, 2010; 15 (3), 1-7.
11
A 3-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF ANTIBODY RESPONSE IN HIV-INFECTED
CHILDREN WITH IMMUNE RECOVERY VACCINATED
WITH INACTIVATED JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS VACCINE
Thanyawee Puthanakit1, Linda Aurpibul1, Sutee Yoksan2, Thira Sirisanthana1
and Virat Sirisanthana3
1
Center for Vaccine Development, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
3
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai
2
ABSTRACT
Among HIV-infected children who had immune recovery after received
antiretroviral therapy (ART), good responses to revaccination with childhood
vaccines have been observed. However, the rate of long-term persistence of antibody
response remains unknown. The objective of this study is to determine whether
HIV-infected children still have protective antibody against Japanese encephalitis
virus (JE) 3 years after receiving revaccination with two doses of inactivated JE
vaccine. Plasma JE neutralizing antibody titer was determined by a plaque reduction neutralization assay. An antibody titer of more than 1:10 was defined as being
protective. Fifty HIV-infected children with a mean age of 10.3 years (SD 2.2) and
mean CD4 percentage of 25 (SD 5) were revaccinated with two doses of inactivated
JE vaccine. Forty-three children had been followed-up for 3 years. The JE neutralizing antibody at 1 month and 3 years after revaccination were detected among
38 (88%) and 35 (81%) children, respectively. The geometric means titer significantly
dropped from of 306 (min 13-max 163,617) to 106 (min 11-max 4645). This data
show that the majority of HIV-infected children had persistent antibody 3 years
after revaccination. JE revaccination in HIV-infected children with immune recovery
after ART should be carried out in endemic areas. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
12
Published in Vaccine. 2010 Aug 16;28(36):5900-2.
A CHEWABLE PEDIATRIC FIXED-DOSE COMBINATION TABLET
OF STAVUDINE, LAMIVUDINE, AND NEVIRAPINE PHARMACOKINETICS
AND SAFETY COMPARED WITH THE INDIVIDUAL LIQUID
FORMULATIONS IN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-INFECTED
CHILDREN IN THAILAND
Nirun Vanprapar1, Tim R. Cressey2,3, Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit1, Petronella Muresan3,
Nottasorn Plipat4, Virat Sirisanthana5, Wasana Prasitsuebsai1, Suchat Hongsiriwan6,
Tawee Chotpitayasunondh7, Achara Eksaengsri8, Mari Pat Toye9,
Mary Elizabeth Smith10, Kenneth McIntosh11, Edmund Capparelli12
and Ram Yogev13
1
Department of Pediatrics, Mahidol University, Siriraj Hospital, 2 Prannok Rd, Bangkok-noi,
Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
2
Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai
3
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
4
School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
5
6
Department of Pediatrics, Chonburi Regional Hospital, Chonburi, Thailand.
7
Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health (QSNICH), Bangkok, Thailand.
8
Government Pharmaceutical Organization (GPO), Bangkok, Thailand.
9
Department of Pediatrics, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, MA, United States.
10
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health
(NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States.
11
Pediatric Pharmacology Research Unit, Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
12
University of California, San Diego, CA, United States.
13
Chicago Children’s Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL, United States.
ABSTRACT
Background: Pediatric fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) are needed to facilitate
antiretroviral therapy in children. We evaluated the relative bioavailability, safety,
and therapeutic adequacy of a novel chewable pediatric FDC tablet of stavudine
(7 mg), lamivudine (30 mg), and nevirapine (50 mg), referred to as GPO-VIR S7,
and compared it with the individual original brand-name liquid formulations in
human immunodeficiency virus-infected Thai children. Methods: The International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials group (IMPAACT) P1056
study was a phase I/II, 2-arm, randomized, open-label, multidose pharmacokinetic
cross-over study. Children ≥6 to ≤30 kg receiving nevirapine-based HAART for at
least 4 weeks were randomized to receive GPO-VIR S7 chewable tablets or the
equivalent liquid formulations. Children were stratified by weight and dosing
13
was weight-based. Intensive 12-hour blood sampling was performed on day 28,
and subjects then crossed-over to the alternate formulation at equal doses with
identical 12-hour sampling on day 56. Pharmacokinetic indices were determined
by noncompartmental analysis. Results: Thirty-four children completed the study.
While taking Government Pharmaceutical Organization (GPO)-VIR S7 the geometric
mean (90% CI) area under the curve was 1.54 µg•hr/mL (1.42-1.67) for stavudine,
6.39 (5.82-7.00) for lamivudine, and 74.06 (65.62-83.60) for nevirapine. Nevirapine
drug exposure for GPO-VIR S7 was therapeutically adequate. Geometric mean area
under the curve ratios (90% CI) of GPO-VIR S7/liquid formulation for stavudine,
lamivudine, and nevirapine were 0.97 (0.92-1.02), 1.41 (1.30-1.53), and 1.08 (1.041.13), respectively. No serious drug-related toxicity was reported. Conclusions:
The chewable FDC was safe and provided therapeutically adequate plasma drug
exposures in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. Substituting the
FDC for liquid formulations can simplify antiretroviral therapy.
14
Published in Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2010 Oct;29(10):940-4.
A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF OUTCOME IN PEDIATRIC LUPUS NEPHRITIS
AFTER THE MAINTENANCE THERAPY BY AZATHIOPRINE OR ECMPS
Wattana Chartapisak and Sauwalak Opastirakul
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: To report the outcome of lupus nephritis patients after the
maintenance phase of oral immunosuppressive. Methods: As this is a retrospective
study, we recruited the children who had lupus nephritis and had been treated by
IVCY followed by Azathioprine or ECMPS between 2006 to 2010. The data includes
age, sex, class of lupus nephritis, time to relapse and the complications. For the
children who had relapsed, the time to relapse after the maintenance therapy was
analyzed by the log rank test. Results: 35 children (F:M = 29 : 6) were recruited.
The histopathology included2 children in class II (with crescent), 5 in class III,
22 in class IV and 4 in class V. The everage age is 10.8 yrs (5-14 yrs). 29 children
received Azathioprine and 6 received ECMPS. There is none in ECMPS group
who has relapsed before 2 years whereas 24% (7 cases) in Azathioprine group has
relapsed while undertaking the Azathioprine. The over all relapse rate in Azathioprine group is 34.5% and 16% in ECMPS which is not statistically signifi cant
(P= 0.08). The most frequent complications in Azathioprine group were neutropenia
and hepatitis. There were fewer complications in the ECMPS group. Conclusions:
Both Azathioprine and ECMPS were the maintenance therapy for Lupus nephritis.
The patients in Azathioprine group tends to relapse more frequently while the
patients not having ceased the treatment whereas ECMPS group has less relapse
and still in the remission while the patient was continued the treatment.The RCT
needs to prove the effi cacy of ECMPS for maintenance therapy in pediatric lupus
nephritis.
Published in Pediatr Nephrol (2010) 25:1779-2004.
15
AIR POLLUTION-RELATED PEAK EXPIRATORY FLOW RATES AMONG
ASTHMATIC CHILDREN IN CHIANG MAI, THAILAND
Phongtape Wiwatanadate1 and Muthita Trakultivakorn2
1
Department of Community Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Thailand.
2
ABSTRACT
The severity of air pollution in northern Thailand has long been recognized; in spite of that there have been no epidemiological studies regarding the
associations between the air pollution and health effects in the area. The authors
followed a cohort of 31 asthmatic children (4-11 years of age) residing in Muang
district, Chiang Mai, Thailand, from 29 August 2005 to 30 June 2006, for 306 days.
The daily air pollutants, including particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter
< 2.5 microm, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 10 microm, carbon monoxide, ozone (O(3)), nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), and the
meteorological parameters, including pressure, temperature, relative humidity,
rain quantity, and sunshine duration, were recorded. The peak expiratory flow
rates (PEFRs) were fitted with pollutants and meteorological covariates using
general linear mixed models to account for random effects and autocorrelation.
The authors found that there were inverse associations of SO(2) and evening
PEFR, with a coefficient of -2.12 (95% confidence interval (CI) = -3.22 to -0.28);
of SO(2) and daily percent deviation of PEFR, with a coefficient of -0.73 (95%
CI = -1.33 to -0.12); and of O(3) combining with SO(2) and daily average PEFR,
with a coefficient of -0.16 (95% CI = -0.31 to -0.00) and -1.60 (95% CI = -3.10
to -0.11), respectively. The associations of O(3) and SO(2) with PEFR were found
even when SO(2) concentrations never exceeded the standard level.
16
Published in Inhal Toxicol. 2010 Mar;22(4):301-8.
AMBIENT PARTICULATE POLLUTION AND THE WORLD-WIDE PREVALENCE
OF ASTHMA, RHINOCONJUNCTIVITIS AND ECZEMA IN CHILDREN:
PHASE ONE OF THE INTERNATIONAL STUDY OF ASTHMA
AND ALLERGIES IN CHILDHOOD (ISAAC)
H Ross Anderson1, Ruth Ruggles1, Kiran D Pandey2, Venediktos Kapetanakis1,
Bert Brunekreef3,4, Christopher K W Lai5, David P Strachan1, Stephan K Weiland6,
and the ISAAC Phase One Study Group
1
Division of Community Health Sciences, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, St.
George’s, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom.
2
Environment Department, World Bank, Washington, DC, United States.
3
Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
4
Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht,
Netherlands.
5
Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong,
Hong Kong.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: To investigate the effect of ambient particulate matter on variation in childhood prevalence of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema. Methods:
Prevalences of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema obtained in Phase One
of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) were
matched with city-level estimates of residential PM(10) obtained from a World Bank
model. Associations were investigated using binomial regression adjusting for GNP
per capita and for clustering within country. For countries with more than one
centre, a two stage meta-analysis was carried out. The results were compared with
a meta-analysis of published multi-centre studies. Results: Annual concentrations
of PM(10) at city level were obtained for 105 ISAAC centres in 51 countries. After
controlling for GNP per capita, there was a weak negative association between
PM(10) and various outcomes. For severe wheeze in 13-14-year-olds, the OR
for a 10 microg/m(3) increase in PM(10) was 0.92 (95% CI 0.84 to 1.00). In 24
countries with more than one centre, most summary estimates for within-country
associations were weakly positive. For severe wheeze in 13-14-year-olds, the
summary OR for a 10 microg/m(3) increase in PM(10) was 1.01 (0.92 to 1.10). This
result was close to a summary OR of 0.99 (0.91 to 1.06) obtained from published
17
multi-centre studies. Conclusions: Modelled estimates of particulate matter at city
level are imprecise and incomplete estimates of personal exposure to ambient air
pollutants. Nevertheless, our results together with those of previous multi-centre
studies, suggest that urban background PM(10) has little or no association with
the prevalence of childhood asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis or eczema either within
or between countries.
18
Published in Occup Environ Med. 2010 May;67(5):293-300.
AN ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY AS SCREENING TOOL
FOR HUMAN INTESTINAL CAPILLARIASIS
Pewpan M Intapan1, Wanchai Maleewong1, Watana Sukeepaisarnjaroen2
and Nimit Morakote3
1
Department of Parasitology Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002,
Thailand.
2
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002,
Thailand.
3
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand.
ABSTRACT
Human intestinal capillariasis caused by Capillaria philippinensis is characterized by chronic diarrhea which may lead to death if left untreated. The mortality
is highest among patients who are negative by conventional stool examination.
Therefore this study explored the application of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay (ELISA) as a screening test for human intestinal capillariasis. The ELISA was
developed using Trichinella spiralis soluble antigen for the detection of antibodies
against C. philippinensis. A cut-off level at the upper 99% limit of the absorbance
values of the healthy controls was established for positivity. All intestinal capillariasis sera showed positive ELISA, demonstrating 100% sensitivity, while all
healthy control sera gave absorbance values below the cut-off level, resulting in
100% specificity. The ELISA was also positive with 75% of trichinellosis, 13.9% of
strongyloidiasis, 9.1% of trichuriasis, and 4.2% of opisthorchiasis sera. The ELISA
and immunoblot were in agreement in 91.1% of the sera tested. It was suggested
that the here-presented ELISA is capable to detect intestinal capillariasis cases in
endemic areas whose coproscopy is negative for worm eggs, larvae or adults.
Published in Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health (2010)
41(2): 298-305.
19
ANALYSIS OF FEMALE SALIVARY GLAND PROTEINS OF THE ANOPHELES
BARBIROSTRIS COMPLEX (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) IN THAILAND
Narissara Jariyapan1, Visut Baimai2, Yong Poovorawan3, Sittiruk Roytrakul4,
Atiporn Saeung1, Sorawat Thongsahuan1, Sittiporn Suwannamit1,
Yasushi Otsuka5 and Wej Choochote1
1
Thailand.
2
Department of Biology and Center for Vectors and Vector-Borne Diseases, Faculty of Science,
Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
3
Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330,
Thailand.
4
National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and
Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
5
Department of Infectious Disease Control, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Hasama, Oita
879-5593, Japan.
ABSTRACT
Electrophoretic protein profiles of female salivary glands of five sibling
species within the Anopheles barbirostris complex, namely A. barbirostris species
A1 (Forms A, B, and D), A2, A3, and A4 and Anopheles campestris-like (Forms
B and E), were analyzed. At least eight major and several minor protein bands
were detected in the glands of each species, of which each morphological region
contained different major proteins. The protein profiles distinguished the five
sibling species. The variability in major proteins among species was observed in the
40-48, 32-37, and 10-18 kDa ranges. No difference in protein profiles was found in
different cytogenetic forms. Polymorphism of the protein profiles within species
was only noted in species A4. The lowest major protein (marker) band of each
species showed remarkably different relative mobility on SDS-polyacrylamide gels.
NanoLC-MS analysis revealed that the marker protein of some species matched with
a protein involving in blood feeding, gSG6, of Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles
freeborni. These results might be useful for construction of an additional tool to
distinguish the five sibling species and lead to further study on the evolution of
blood feeding and pathogen transmission.
20
Published in Parasitology Research (2010) 107:509-516.
Anesthesia-related complications of caesarean delivery
in Thailand: 16,697 cases from the Thai Anaesthesia
Incidents Study
Chau-in W.1, Hintong T.2, Rodanant O.3, Lekprasert V.4,
Punjasawadwong Y.2, Charuluxananan S.3 and Tanudsintum S.5
1
Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen,
Thailand.
2
Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand.
3
Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok,
Thailand.
4
Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University,
Bangkok, Thailand.
5
Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine,
Bangkok, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
Background: Maternal complications related to anesthesia are low in
comparison with the results from obstetric factors in developing countries. The
purposes of the present study were to determine the incidence of maternal mortality
related to anesthesia, to analyze the causes and to suggest measures to improve
anesthetic safety for the parturients. Material and Method: The present study was
part of a multi-center study conducted by the Royal College of Anesthesiologists
of Thailand aimed at surveillance of anesthesia-related complications in Thailand. The authors conducted a prospective survey of hospital records from all of
the cases in and outside the operating room receiving general anesthesia in 18
centers between March 1, 2003 and February 28, 2004. All the forms were checked
and verified by three-peer review then included in the analysis, using descriptive
statistics. Results: Sixteen thousand six hundred ninety seven cases were included.
The incidence of anesthetic complication in parturients was 35.9: 10,000 (95% CI
27.4, 46.1). Incidence ofthe four most common anesthetic related adverse events
in caesarean section were desaturation 13.8 (95% CI 8.7, 20.7), cardiac arrest 10.2
(95% CI 5.9, 16.3), awareness 6.6 (95% CI 3.3, 11.8), and death related anesthesia
4.8 (95% CI 2.17, 9.4). Of these, seven (17.5%) had preeclampsia/eclampsia and 46
(76.7%) presented for emergency caesarean delivery. General anesthesia was used
21
in 41 patients (68.4%) and spinal in eighteen (30%). There were eight maternal
deaths including five with general anesthesia, giving a case fatality rate of 0.1%
of general anesthetics or 0.3% of caesarean deliveries. Conclusion: The authors
found that inexperience, inadequate knowledge, inadequate care, and patient conditions were the major contributory factors. Most of them were preventable and
correctable. Additional training and quality assurance can improve and prevent
these serious adverse events.
22
Published in J Med Assoc Thai. 2010 Nov;93(11):1274-83.
Published in PubMed PMID: 21114206.
ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY OUTCOMES OF HIV-INFECTED CHILDREN
IN THE TREAT ASIA PEDIATRIC HIV OBSERVATIONAL DATABASE
Rawiwan Hansudewechakul1, Virat Sirisanthana2, Nia Kurniati3, Thanyawee Puthanakit4,
Pagakrong Lumbiganon5, Vonthanak Saphonn6, Nik Khairulddin Nik Yusoff7,
Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy8, Siew Moy Fong9, Revathy Nallusamy10,
Preeyaporn Srasuebkul11, Matthew Law11, Annette H Sohn13,
Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit14; TREAT Asia Pediatric HIV Observational Database
1
Department of Pediatrics, Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital, Chiang Rai, Thailand.
Department of Pediatrics, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
3
Department of Pediatrics, Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
4
HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, Bangkok, Thailand.
5
Department of Pediatrics, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
6
National Centre for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology and STDs, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
7
Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II, Kota Bharu, Malaysia.
8
YR Gaitonde Centre for AIDS Research and Education, Chennai, India.
9
Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Likas, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.
10
Department of Pediatrics, Penang Hospital, Penang, Malaysia.
11
National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales,
Sydney, Australia.
12
TREAT Asia/amfAR-The Foundation for AIDS Research, Bangkok, Thailand.
13
Department of Pediatrics, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Prannok Road,
Bangkok-noi, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
2
ABSTRACT
Introduction: We report responses to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)
in the Therapeutics Research, Education, and AIDS Training in Asia Pediatric HIV
Observational Database. Methods: Children included were those who had received
cART (ie, ≥3 antiretrovirals) at <18 years. The analysis was intention-to-treat by the
first cART regimen. Median values are provided with interquartile ranges; hazard
ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: Of the 1655 children included,
50.4% were male, with a median age at cART of 7.0 (3.9-9.8) years and CD4 of
8% (2.0%-15%); 92.5% were started on an NNRTI; median duration of follow-up
was 2.9 (1.4-4.6) years. Loss-to-follow-up and death rates were 4.2 (3.7-4.8) and
2.1 (1.7-2.5) per 100 person-years, respectively. At 36 months, median CD4 was
26% (21%-31%); 81% of those with viral load (n = 302) were <400 copies per
milliliter. Children who reached CD4 ≥25% within 5 years were more likely to be
females (HR: 1.4; 1.2-1.7), start before 18 months old (HR: 3.8; 2.4-6.2), lack a
history of monotherapy/dual therapy (HR: 1.7; 1.4-2.5), and have a higher baseline
CD4 (per 10% increase: HR: 2; 1.9-2.2). Conclusions: These data underscore the
need for early diagnosis and cART initiation to preserve immune function.
Published in J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010 Dec 1;55(4):503-9.
23
Bone resorption acceleration and calcium reabsorption
impairment in a Thai population with high cadmium exposure
Kowit Nambunmee1, Ryumond Honda2, Muneko Nishijo2, Witaya Swaddiwudhipong3,
Hideaki Nakagawa2 and Werawan Ruangyuttikarn4
1
Doctor of Philosophy Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences,
Chiang Mai University 50200, Thailand.
2
Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
3
Department of Community and Social Medicine, Mae Sot General Hospital, Tak Province,
Thailand.
4
Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University 50200,
Thailand.
ABSTRACT
Some residents of the Mae Sot district in Thailand have suffered longterm exposure to elevated dietary levels of cadmium. To test the hypothesis that
chronic dietary cadmium exposure can cause imbalance in calcium dynamics and
accelerate bone resorption, a group of these residents (156 men and 256 women
aged >/= 50) were selected on the basis of previous records of elevated urinary
cadmium and tested for urinary and blood cadmium, bone formation and resorption markers, and the renal tubular dysfunction markers. Both genders had high
levels of blood and urinary cadmium and high urinary levels of the markers for
renal dysfunction and bone resorption in a dose-response relationship to urinary
cadmium. The excretion of bone resorption markers was positively correlated to
the ratio of excreted calcium and urinary cadmium. The results of a multivariate
regression analysis indicated that bone resorption was accelerated by impaired
calcium reabsorption in renal tubules.
24
Published in January 2010, Vol.20, No.1 , Pages 7-13 (doi:10.3109/15376510903452941).
Cadmium induced renal dysfunction among residents
of rice farming area downstream
from a zinc-mineralized belt in Thailand
Ryumon Honda1, Witaya Swaddiwudhipong2, Muneko Nishijo3,
Pranee Mahasakpanb2, Wimonrat Teeyakasemd4, Werawan Ruangyuttikarnd4,
Soisungwan Sataruge5, Chantana Padungtodf6 and Hideaki Nakagawac3
1
Department of Social and Environmental Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada,
Ishikawa, Japan.
2
Mae Sot Hospital, Tak Province, Thailand.
3
Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 1-1 Daigaku,
Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
4
Division of Toxicology, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai
University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
5
Center for Kidney Disease Research, University of Queensland School of Medicine, Princess
Alexandra Hospital, Wolloonggabba, Brisbane, Australia.
6
Bureau of Occupational and Environmental Disease, Department of Disease Control, Ministry
of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
High levels of cadmium (Cd) in paddy soil and rice, and a concurrent increase in urinary Cd of inhabitants in the Mae Sot District, Tak Province, Thailand
first emerged in 2003. Risk factors such as occupation, sources of staple food and
drinking water as well as biomarkers of adverse renal effects of the increased body
burden of Cd were investigated in 795 residents, 30 years or older, whose urinary
Cd levels were between 0.02 and 106mug/g creatinine. Farmers who consumed
their own rice and residents who sourced drinking water from wells and/or the
river demonstrated increased urinary Cd. Age-adjusted mean urinary cadmium for
male and female subjects who consumed well water was 5.7mug/g vs. 6.1mug/g
creatinine while the corresponding value for male and female subjects who did not
consume well water was 3.7mug/g vs. 4.8mug/g creatinine, respectively. Increased
urinary levels of beta(2)-microglobulin and N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase were
observed with the increase in urinary Cd, indicating tubular dysfunction and renal
damage associated with increase in Cd body burden. Consumption of well water
and rice grown in the contaminated area increase the body burden of Cd. Cessation
of exposure is essential to prevent and possibly recover from Cd toxicity, especially
among the residents whose kidney damage and malfunction may be reversible.2010
Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published by selected papers from An International Conference on Cadmium and
Human Health: Technologies for Environmental Restoration and Rehabilitation (doi:10.1016/j.
toxlet.2010.04.023) in Volume 198, Issue 1, 15 September 2010, Pages 26-32.
25
CELL RESERVOIRS OF THE EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS IN BIOPSY-PROVEN LYMPHOCYTIC INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONITIS IN HIV-1 SUBTYPE E INFECTED
CHILDREN IDENTIFICATION BY COMBINED IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION
AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY
Lertlakana Bhoopat1, Somrak Rangkakulnuwat2, Risa Okonogi3,
Komson Wannasai1 and Tanin Bhoopat3
1
Departments of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand.
2
Departments of Pediatrics, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
3
Departments of Forensic Medicine, DNA unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University,
ABSTRACT
Lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis (LIP), a frequent pulmonary complication
in human immune deficiency virus (HIV)-infected pediatric patients, is characterized histologically by marked infiltration of lymphoid cells. Several theories
have been suggested that LIP may be caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). To identify
the reservoir of EBV and pathogenesis of lymphoid infiltrates in HIV subtype E
infected pediatric LIP, we examined the distribution and expression of EBV in the
inflammatory cell recruitment in surgical lung biopsy-proven LIP from 9 vertically HIV subtype E-infected pediatric patients. The dominant microscopic feature
of LIP demonstrated widespread widening of alveolar septum by mononuclear
inflammatory cell infiltrate mainly composed of mature lymphocytes and plasma
cells surrounding airways and expanding to the lung interstitium. EBV-encoded
RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization, performed from paraffin-embedded lung tissues,
revealed positive intranuclear signals in all 9 LIP cases. Interestingly, combined
immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization analyses in 6 out of 9 LIP cases
revealed 30% to 50% of the Langerhans and related dendritic cells were infected
with EBV, whereas <30% of the T and B cells were infected with EBV. These results
suggested that a chronic antigenic stimulus of EBV played important roles in the
pathogenesis of LIP in these patients. This supports the notion that Langerhans
cells (LCs) are more readily infected with EBV, indicating that LCs are reservoirs
for EBV in lungs of HIV subtype E-infected pediatric LIP. And possibly LCs may
play an important role in the recruitment of inflammatory cell infiltrates, especially
T cells into these tissues. In addition, HIV may provide a milieu or microenvironment for the evolution of LIP, which represent an immunologic response to EBV
infection. Interactions between LCs and related dendritic cells together with T
cells are important for effective HIV and EBV replications.
26
Published in Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2010 May;18(3):212-8.
CHARACTERISTICS OF LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS IN HIV-INFECTED,
LONG-TERM NONPROGRESSOR, AND HEALTHY ASIAN CHILDREN
THROUGH 12 YEARS OF AGE
Jintanat Ananworanich1,2,3, Tanakorn Apornpong1, Pope Kosalaraksa4,
Tanyathip Jaimulwong1, Rawiwan Hansudewechakul5, Chitsanu Pancharoen3,
Torsak Bunupuradah1, Mom Chandara6, Thanyawee Puthanakit1,3,
Chaiwat Ngampiyasakul7, Jurai Wongsawat8, Suparat Kanjanavanit9,
Wicharn Luesomboon10, Phennapha Klangsinsirikul11, Nicole Ngo-Giang-Huong12,
Stephen J. Kerr1,13, Sasiwimol Ubolyam1, Tawan Mengthaisong1,
Rebecca S. Gelman14,15, Kovit Pattanapanyasat16, Vonthanak Saphonn6,17,
Kiat Ruxrungtham1,3, William T. Shearer18 and PREDICT Study Group
1
HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand Research Collaboration, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research
Center, Bangkok, Thailand.
2
South East Asia Research Collaboration With Hawaii, Bangkok, Thailand.
3
Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
4
Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
5
Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital, Chiang Rai, Thailand.
6
National Institute of Public Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
7
Prapokklao Hospital, Chantaburi, Thailand.
8
Bamrasnaradura Infectious Diseases Institute, Nonthaburi, Thailand.
9
Nakornping Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
10
Queen Savang Vadhana Memorial Hospital, Chonburi, Thailand.
11
Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
12
IRD U174 Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
13
National Center in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Sydney, Australia.
14
Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
15
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States.
16
Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
17
National Center for HIV/AIDS, Dermatology and STDs, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
18
Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.
ABSTRACT
Background: There are limited data on the immune profiles of HIV-positive
children compared with healthy controls, and no such data for Asian children.
Objectives: To immunophenotype HIV-positive Asian children, including long-term
nonprogressors (LTNPs), compared with age-matched healthy controls. Methods:
We used flow cytometry to analyze 13 lymphocyte and monocyte subsets from
222 untreated, HIV-positive children with 15% to 24% CD4+ T cells and no
AIDS-related illnesses and 142 healthy children (controls). Data were compared
among age categories. Profiles from LTNPs (n = 50), defined as children ≥8 years
old with CD4+ T-cell counts ≥350 cells/mm3, were compared with data from
age-matched non-LTNPs (n = 17) and controls (n = 53). Results: Compared with
controls, HIV-positive children had lower values (cell count per mm3 and percent
distribution) for TH cells and higher values for cytotoxic T cells, with reductions
27
in populations of naive TH and cytotoxic T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK)
cells. HIV-positive children had high values for activated TH and cytotoxic T cells.
Compared with non-LTNPs, LTNPs had higher values of TH and cytotoxic T cells,
naive and memory T-cell subsets, and B and NK cells. Surprisingly, counts of
activated TH and cytotoxic T cells were also higher among LTNPs. LNTPs were more
frequently male. Conclusion: Untreated, HIV-infected Asian children have immune
profiles that differ from those of controls, characterized by low values for TH cells,
naive T cells, B cells, and NK cells but high values for cytotoxic, activated TH, and
cytotoxic T cells. The higher values for activated T cells observed in LTNPs require
confirmation in longitudinal studies.
28
Published in J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010 Dec;126(6):1294-301.e10.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY OF EDIBLE
PLANT-DERIVED ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST THE PYRETHROIDSUSCEPTIBLE AND -RESISTANT STRAINS OF AEDES AEGYPTI
(DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)
Nataya Sutthanont, Wej Choochote, Benjawan Tuetun, Anuluck Junkum,
Atchariya Jitpakdi, Udom Chaithong, Doungrat Riyong and Benjawan Pitasawat
Thailand.
ABSTRACT
The chemical compositions and larvicidal potential against mosquito vectors
of selected essential oils obtained from five edible plants were investigated in this
study. Using a GC/MS, 24, 17, 20, 21, and 12 compounds were determined from
essential oils of Citrus hystrix, Citrus reticulata, Zingiber zerumbet, Kaempferia
galanga, and Syzygium aromaticum, respectively. The principal constituents found
in peel oil of C. hystrix were β-pinene (22.54%) and d-limonene, (22.03%) followed
by terpinene-4-ol (17.37%). Compounds in C. reticulata peel oil consisted mostly of
d-limonene (62.39%) and γ-terpinene (14.06%). The oils obtained from Z. zerumbet
rhizome had α-humulene (31.93%) and zerumbone (31.67%) as major components.
The most abundant compounds in K. galanga rhizome oil were 2-propeonic acid
(35.54%), pentadecane (26.08%), and ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate (25.96%). The main
component of S. aromaticum bud oil was eugenol (77.37%), with minor amounts
of trans-caryophyllene (13.66%). Assessment of larvicidal efficacy demonstrated that
all essential oils were toxic against both pyrethroid-susceptible and resistant Ae.
aegypti laboratory strains at LC50, LC95, and LC99 levels. In conclusion, we have
documented the promising larvicidal potential of essential oils from edible herbs,
which could be considered as a potentially alternative source for developing novel
larvicides to be used in controlling vectors of mosquito-borne disease.
Published in Journal of Vector Ecology (2010) 35(1): 106-115.
29
Comparison of efficacy and effectiveness between ULTRACET
and tramadol/acetaminophen in acute postoperative pain after
upper extremity surgery
Passakorn Sawaddiruk, Sahattaya Paiboonworachat and Kittichai Janthawichai
Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai,
Thailand.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To compare the efficacy and effectiveness between ULTRACE, a new
analgesic combination of tramadol/ acetaminophen, and tramadol/acetaminophen
for acute postoperative pain after upper extremity surgery. Study Design: A double
blind randomized controlled trial. Material and Method: One hundred and eighty
patients who underwent upper extremity surgery under brachial plexus block were
randomized to receive either ULTRACE (n = 87) or tramadol and acetaminophen
(n = 93) immediately after surgery in the postanesthetic care unit (PACU). Total
morphine requirement, pain score (VRS) and drug adverse effects were compared
between those two groups using independent single t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test,
Chi-square test and Fisher-exact test respectively. Results: Total morphine requirement was significantly lower in subjects who used ULTRACE when compared with
the tramadol and acetaminophen group (0.51 and 0.69 mg in the first 6 hours
after the operation, 0.0 and 0.13 mg in hours 6-12 after the operation). Moreover
there were fewer side effects in this ULTRACE group too. Conclusion: ULTRACET
has more efficacy and fewer side effects when compared with tramadol and acetaminophen in acute postoperative pain surgery.
30
Published in J Med Assoc Thai. 2010 Jul;93(7):812-7.
CORD BLOOD SCREENING FOR ALPHA-THALASSEMIA AND HEMOGLOBIN
VARIANTS BY ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING IN NORTHERN THAI NEONATES:
CORRELATION WITH GENOTYPES AND HEMATOLOGIC PARAMETERS
Pimlak Charoenkwan1, Rawee Taweephol1, Supatra Sirichotiyakul2,
Watcharee Tantiprabha3, Rattika Sae-Tung1, Sudjai Suanta1,
Pimonrat Sakdasirisathaporn1 and Torpong Sanguansermsri1
1
Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University,
2
Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of
Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
3
Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University,
ABSTRACT
We describe the screening of newborns for thalassemia and Hb variants by
using isoelectric focusing (IEF) in a population from northern Thailand where
hemoglobinopathies are highly prevalent. The report focuses on findings of alphathalassemia, Hb E, and other hemoglobin variants, and their correlation with genotypes and hematologic parameters. Two-hundred and seven out of 566 newborns
(36.6%) had thalassemia genes or Hb variants. Seventeen different genotypes were
found. Nine cases (1.6%) of Hb H disease (five deletional Hb H diseases, two Hb
H/Constant Spring diseases, one deletional Hb H disease/Hb E, carrier and one
Hb H/Constant Spring disease/Hb E carrier) and one Hb E-beta-thalassemia were
identified. IEF could clearly distinguish Hb H diseases and carriers of two alphaglobin gene defects from normal individuals according to the presence of Hb Bart’s
and its percentage. For carriers of a single alpha-globin gene defect, Hb Bart’s
was either absent or present in a small amount and was therefore not reliable
for screening. The presence of an additional band at the Hb A(2) position in the
newborns signified an Hb E carrier. One case of an absent Hb A and a presence
of Hb E was identified as Hb E-beta-thalassemia. Two Hb Q-Thailand carriers were
seen with two additional Hb fractions, presumably combinations of gamma-globin
and beta-globin with the alpha-globin variant. Newborns with Hb H disease had
lower Hb, MCV, and MCH levels than normal. MCV and MCH were also useful for
differentiation of carriers of two alpha-globin gene defects, but not for carriers of
Hb E or single alpha-globin gene defect. IEF was a reliable method for neonatal
cord blood screening for alpha-thalassemia and Hb variants.
Published in Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2010 Jun 15;45(1):53-7.
31
DEFERASIROX IN IRON-OVERLOADED PATIENTS WITH
TRANSFUSION-DEPENDENT MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES:
RESULTS FROM THE LARGE 1-YEAR EPIC STUDY
Norbert Gattermann1, Carlo Finelli2, Matteo Della Porta3, Pierre Fenaux4,
Arnold Ganser5, Agnes Guerci-Bresler6, Mathias Schmid7, Kerry Taylor8,
Dominique Vassilieff9, Dany Habr10, Gabor Domokos11, Bernard Roubert11,
Christian Rose12 and on behalf of the EPIC study investigators
1
Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy.
3
University of Pavia Medical School, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy
4
Hôpital Avicenne, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 13 University, Bobigny,
France.
5
Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
6
CHU Brabois, Vandoeuvre Cedex, France.
7
University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
8
Mater Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
9
Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris 5 University, Paris, France.
10
Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ, USA.
11
Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland.
12
Hôpital Saint-Vincent de Paul, Lille, France.
2
ABSTRACT
The prospective 1-year EPIC study enrolled 341 patients with myelodysplastic
syndromes (MDS); although baseline iron burden was >2500ng/mL, approximately
50% were chelation-naïve. Overall median serum ferritin decreased significantly
at 1 year (p=0.002). Decreases occurred irrespective of whether patients were
chelation-naïve or previously chelated; changes were dependent on dose adjustments and ongoing iron intake. Sustained reductions in labile plasma iron were
observed. Discontinuation rate (48.7%) and adverse event profile were consistent
with previously reported deferasirox data in MDS. Alanine aminotransferase levels
decreased significantly; change correlated significantly with reduction in serum
ferritin (p<0.0001). This large dataset prospectively confirms the efficacy and well
characterizes the safety profile of deferasirox in MDS.
32
Published in Leuk Res. 2010 Sep;34(9):1143-50.
Diagnosing delirium in elderly Thai patients: utilization
of the CAM algorithm
Nahathai Wongpakaran1, Tinakon Wongpakaran1, Putipong Bookamana2,
Manee Pinyopornpanish1, Benchalak Maneeton1, Peerasak lerttrakarnnon3,
Kasem Uttawichai3 and Surin Jiraniramai3
1
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand.
2
Department of Statistics, Faculty of Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand
3
Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai
50200, Thailand
ABSTRACT
Background: Delirium is a common illness among elderly hospitalized patients.
However, under-recognition of the condition by non-psychiatrically trained personnel is prevalent. This study investigated the performance of family physicians when
detecting delirium in elderly hospitalized Thai patients using the Thai version of
the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) algorithm. Methods: A Thai version of
the CAM algorithm was developed, and three experienced Thai family physicians
were trained in its use. The diagnosis of delirium was also carried out by four
fully qualified psychiatrists using DSM-IV TR criteria, which can be considered the
gold standard. Sixty-six elderly patients were assessed with MMSE Thai 2002, in
order to evaluate whether they had dementia upon admission. Within three days of
admission, each patient was interviewed separately by a psychiatrist using DSM-IV
TR, and a family physician using the Thai version of the CAM algorithm, with both
sets of interviewers diagnosing for delirium. Results: The CAM algorithm tool, as
used by family physicians, demonstrated a sensitivity of 91.9% and a specificity
of 100.0%, with a PPV of 100.0% and an NPV of 90.6%. Interrater agreement
between the family physicians and the psychiatrists was good (Cohen’s Kappa =
0.91, p < 0.0001). The mean of the time the family physicians spent using CAM
algorithm was significantly briefer than that of the psychiatrists using DSM-IV
TR. Conclusions: Family physicians performed well when diagnosing delirium in
elderly hospitalized Thai patients using the Thai version of the CAM algorithm,
showing that this measurement tool is suitable for use by non-psychiatrically
trained personnel, being short, quick, and easy to administer. However, proper
training on use of the algorithm is required.
Published in BMC Family Practice 2011, 12:65doi:10.1186/1471-2296-12-65.
33
DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN LUCILIA CUPRINA AND
HEMIPYRELLIA LIGURRIENS (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE)
LARVAE FOR USE IN FORENSIC ENTOMOLOGY APPLICATIONS
Kom Sukontason1, Pongruk Sribanditmongkol2, Ratchadawan Ngoen-klan1,
Tunwadee Klong-klaew1, Kittikhun Moophayak1 and Kabkaew L. Sukontason1
1
Thailand
2
Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai
50200, Thailand
ABSTRACT
Lucilia cuprina and Hemipyrellia ligurriens are forensically important blow
flies in many countries. The immature stage, in particular the third instar, of both
species are generally similar in morphological appearance. In this study, the use
of three main characteristics, the posterior spiracle, the dorsal spines between the
first and second thoracic segments, and the cephalopharyngeal skeleton, allows for
identification of both fly species, with the number of papillae on anterior spiracle
being a supportive characteristic in some cases. Comparison of these characteristics
is illustrated in detail.
34
EFFECT OF LANNA MUSIC LISTENING AND MASSAGE ON EMOTIONAL
AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGE: PRELIMNARY DATA
FROM THAI VOLUNTEER GROUP
Peerasak Lerttrakarnnon1, Boosong Kasempitakpong1,
Winthana Kusirisin1, Anuchart Matanasarawoot1,
Polkae Vacharachaisurapol2 and Anchaya Dutjanuthat2
1
Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Chiang Mai Provincial Public Health Office, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
2
ABSTRACT
The study measured the effects of the new traditional Lanna-style music (called
“Lanna keetabambud”) on the emotions and physiological changes to volunteers.
This was a non-randomized cross-over clinical trial study for 60 volunteers between
May-October 2010. Post-relaxation score of Thai volunteer group was highest in
the music listening during massage test.
Published in Proceedings of the 13th WFMT World Congress of Music Therapy, July 5-9,
2011 in Seoul, Korea.
35
FORENSICALLY IMPORTANT FLESH FLY SPECIES IN THAILAND:
MORPHOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENTAL RATE
Kom Sukontason1, Nophawan Bunchu2, Tarinee Chaiwong3,
Kittikhun Moophayak1 and Kabkaew L. Sukontason1
1
Thailand
2
Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University,
Muang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
3
College of Medicine and Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani University, 85 Sathollmark Rd.,
Warinchamrap, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand
ABSTRACT
Forensically important flesh fly species in Thailand have been investigated for
their larval morphology and developmental rate to increase the forensic entomology
database in Thailand and nearby countries. Sarcophaga (Liosarcophaga) dux Thomson, Sarcophaga (Liopygia) ruficornis (Fabricius), and Sarcophaga (Boettcherisca)
peregrina (Robineau-Desvoidy) are the species of greatest forensic importance. The
third instars of these species are similar in morphological appearance, making it
difficult or impossible to differentiate between them based on external morphological characteristics. This study compares these important characteristics and
reveals that the most distinctive is the posterior spiracle, followed by the number
of papillae on the anterior spiracle. For confirmation of these species, the unique
characteristics of adult males are also shown for accurate identification. Both the
third instar and adult male characteristics are keys to identifying these species.
In addition, the developmental rate of S. dux was examined in northern Thailand
during 2002-2003 under natural ambient temperature (≈24-28°C) and a natural
light/dark photoperiod (≈12:12 h), indicating relatively rapid larval development
in summer (March-June), pre-pupae (stop moving) initiated at 72 h. In the rainy
season (July-October), pre-pupae initiated at 72 or 96 h, whereas pre-pupae
initiated at 96 h in winter.
36
Fractures of the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage
in suicidal hanging
Nantana Charoonnate2, Pitoon Narongchai1 and Somsak Wongwaiwate1
1
Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University 50200,
Thailand.
2
Division of Emergency Medicine Forensic - Suratthani hospital, Suratthani Province 84000,
Thailand.
ABTRACT
Objective: To analyze the frequency of hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage
fractures caused by suicidal hanging in Thai people and compare the different
methods of visualizing the those fractures. Results could be used for forensic
purposes. Material and Method: A prospective study of hyoid bone and thyroid
cartilage fractures in Thai people who died from suicidal hanging between
November 2008 and August 2009. The authors confirmed suicides, based on history,
crime scene investigation, autopsy reports, and other police information, visual and
palpatory examination, and stereomicroscopy with or without 1% Toluidine. Neck
dissection was performed following the protocol of Prinsloo and Gordon. Results
and data analysis were performed via SPSS version 16. Results: Twenty male cases
of suicidal hanging were reviewed. Fractures of the hyoid bone and/or thyroid
cartilage were found in five cases (25%). Two cases ofthe hyoid bone fracture, two
cases of thyroid cartilage fracture, and one case was both bone fractures. Mean age
of all cases, non-fracture, and fracture cases were 42.40, 35.93, and 61.80 years,
respectively The knot was at the back of the neck in most cases (12 cases, 60%)
and at the left, front, and right in four, two, and two cases, respectively. However
there was no relation between location ofthe knot at the neck and fractures of
hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage (p=1). Incomplete and complete hanging were
found in 11 and nine cases. Five cases with fractures of the hyoid bone and/or
thyroid cartilage were incomplete hanging. The visual and palpatory examination
did not detect the fracture of hyoid bone in all 20 cases but stereomicroscopy
and stereomicroscopy with Toluidine blue stain detected fracture in three cases.
For detecting thyroid cartilage fractures, all three methods had the same result.
Conclusion: Fractures of the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage in 25% of Thais who
died of suicidal hanging were related with older ages and incomplete hanging but
not related with location of the knot. The stereomicroscopic method is fast and
effective in detecting fractures of the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage.
Published in J Med Assoc Thai 2010; 93 (10): 1211-6Full text. e-Journal:http://www.mat.
or.th/journal.
37
FULMINANT ENTEROVIRUS 71 INFECTION: CASE REPORT
Krit Makonkawkeyoon1, Tavitiya Sudjaritruk2, Virat Sirisanthana2
and Suchaya Silvilairat1
1
Divisions of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai
2
Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand.
ABSTRACT
A previously healthy 3-year-old boy presented with high-grade fever, dyspnoea,
alteration of consciousness, tachycardia and shock. A few erythematous macules
and papules were seen on his palms and soles. Echocardiogram showed poor left
ventricular contraction. Cardiac enzymes and pro-B-type natriuretic peptide were
elevated. Milrinone, low-dose dopamine and intravenous immunoglobulin were
administered. The patient recovered after 5 days without cardiac or neurological
sequelae. The serological results showed a four-fold rise of enterovirus 71. In
children with severe EV71 infection, early recognition of cardiopulmonary involvement and aggressive treatment are crucial to successful management.
38
Published in Annals of Tropical Paediatrics (2010) 30, 245-248.
HIV-1 DRUG RESISTANCE MUTATIONS IN CHILDREN AFTER FAILURE
OF FIRST-LINE NONNUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORBASED ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY HIV-1 DRUG RESISTANCE MUTATIONS
IN CHILDREN AFTER FAILURE OF FIRST-LINE NONNUCLEOSIDE REVERSE
TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITOR-BASED ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY
Thanyawee Puthanakit1,2,3, Gonzague Jourdain4, Suchat Hongsiriwon5,
Piyarat Suntarattiwong6, Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit7, Virat Sirisanthana2,8,
Pusadee Kosalaraksa9, Wittaya Petdachai10, Rawiwan Hansudewechakul11,
Umaporn Siangphoe1, Tulathip Suwanlerk1 and Jintanat Ananworanich1,12,13,
HIV-NAT 086Study Team
1
The HIV Netherlands Australia, Thailand Research Collaboration (HIV-NAT), Bangkok, Thailand.
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
3
4
Program for HIV Prevention and Treatment, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement
(IRD) UMI 174, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences,
Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
5
Regional Hospital, Chonburi, Thailand.
6
Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, Bangkok, Thailand.
7
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok,
Thailand.
8
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
9
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
10
Petchburi Hospital, Petchburi, Thailand.
11
Chiang Rai Regional Hospital, Chiang Rai, Thailand.
12
South East Asia Research Collaboration with Hawaii, Bangkok, Thailand.
13
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
2
ABSTRACT
Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence, predictors
and patterns of genotypic resistance mutations in children after failure of World
Health Organization-recommended initial nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase
inhibitor (NNRTI)-based treatment regimens. Methods: We carried out a multicentre retrospective study of genotyping tests performed for all HIV-infected
children at eight paediatric centres in Thailand who experienced failure of NNRTI
therapy at a time when virological monitoring was not routinely available. Results:
One hundred and twenty children were included in the study. Their median age
(interquartile range) was 9.1 (6.8-11.0) years, the median duration of their NNRTI
regimens was 23.7 (15.7-32.6) months, their median CD4 percentage was 12%
(4-20%), and their median plasma HIV RNA at the time of genotype testing was
4.8 (4.3-5.2) log(10) HIV-1 RNA copies/mL. The nucleoside reverse transcriptase
inhibitor (NRTI) resistance mutations found were as follows: 85% of the children
had M184V/I, 23% had at least four thymidine analogue mutations, 12% had the
Q151M complex, 5% had K65R, and 1% had the 69 insertion. Ninety-eight per cent
of the children had at least one NNRTI resistance mutation, and 48% had etravirine
39
mutation-weighted scores ≥4. CD4 percentage <15% prior to switching regimens
[odds ratio (OR) 5.49; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.02-14.93] and plasma HIV
RNA>5 log(10) copies/mL (OR 2.46; 95% CI 1.04-5.82) were independent predictors of at least four thymidine analogue mutations, the Q151M complex or the 69
insertion. Conclusions: In settings without routine viral load monitoring, secondline antiretroviral therapy regimens should be designed assuming that clinical or
immunological failure is associated with high rates of multi-NRTI resistance and
NNRTI resistance, including resistance to etravirine.
40
Published in HIV Med. 2010 Oct 1;11(9):565-72.
INTER-SPECIFIC GENE FLOW DYNAMICS DURING THE PLEISTOCENE-DATED
SPECIATION OF FOREST-DEPENDENT MOSQUITOES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
Katy Morgan1, Yvonne-Marie Linton2, Pradya Somboon3, Prasanta Saikia4,
Vas Dev5, Duong Socheat6 and Catherine Walton1
1
Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
Department of Entomology, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK.
3
Thailand.
4
Animal Ecology and Wildlife Biology Laboratory, University of Gauhati, Assam, India.
5
National Institute of Malaria Research, Sonapur, Assam, India
6
National Centre for Malaria, Parasitology and Entomology, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
2
ABSTRACT
Tropical forests have undergone repeated fragmentation and expansion during Pleistocene glacial and interglacial periods, respectively. The effects of this
repeated forest fragmentation in driving vicariance in tropical taxa have been well
studied. However, relatively little is known about how often this process results
in allopatric speciation, since it may be inhibited by recurrent gene flow during
repeated secondary contact, or to what extent Pleistocene-dated speciation results
from ecological specialization in the face of gene flow. Here, divergence times
and gene flow between three closely-related mosquito species of the Anopheles
dirus species complex endemic to the forests of Southeast Asia, are inferred using
coalescent based Bayesian analysis. An Isolation with Migration model is applied to
sequences of two mitochondrial and three nuclear genes, and 11 microsatellites.
The divergence of An. scanloni has occurred despite unidirectional nuclear gene
41
flow from this species into An. dirus. The inferred asymmetric gene flow may
result from the unique evolutionary adaptation of An. scanloni to limestone karst
habitat, and therefore the fitness advantage of this species over An. dirus in regions
of sympatry. Mitochondrial introgression has led to the complete replacement of
An. dirus haplotypes with those of An. baimaii through a recent (~62 kya) selective sweep. Speciation of An. baimaii and An. dirus is inferred to have involved
allopatric divergence throughout much of the Pleistocene. Secondary contact and
bidirectional gene flow has occurred only within the last 100,000 years, by which
time the process of allopatric speciation seems to have been largely completed.
42
Published in Molecular Ecology (2010) 19: 2269-2285.
LATE EFFECTS IN SURVIVORS OF CHILDHOOD ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC
LEUKEMIA: A STUDY FROM THAI PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY GROUP
Samart Pakakasama1, Gavivann Veerakul2, Darin Sosothikul3,
Su-on Chainansamit4, Vichai Laosombat5, Pattra Thanarattanakorn6,
Rachata Lumkul7, Surapon Wiangnon8, Somporn Wangruangsathit9,
Nattee Narkbunnam2 and Somjai Kanjanapongkul10
1
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Rajthevi,
2
Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
3
Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
4
Khon Kaen Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
5
Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand.
6
Faculty of Medicine, Chiangmai University, Chiangmai, Thailand.
7
Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.
8
Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
9
Buddhachinaraj Hospital, Phitsanulok, Thailand.
10
Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, Bangkok, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
Survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are at risk of
long-term late effects. Therefore, systematic screenings of the late complications
are essential. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of late
effects of Thai children and adolescents after completion of ALL therapy. We
performed a cross-sectional study for evaluation of the late effects in ALL survivors who came for follow-up at 10 pediatric oncology centers in Thailand. We
evaluated the treatment-related late complications of children and adolescents
who had finished ALL treatment for at least 2 years. Demographic data, treatment
modalities, and late effects were recorded and analyzed. There were 258 survivors
with a median age of 12.2 years (range 3.6-23.3 years). The median follow-up time
was 7.2 years (range 2-17.5 years). Forty-seven percent (122 cases) suffered from at
least one late effect. Overweight/obesity was the most common late effect. Radiation
of central nervous system was a significant risk factor for overweight/obesity (OR
1.97, 95% CI 1.02-3.81) and educational problems (OR 4.3, 95% CI 1.32-14.02).
Our data have demonstrated a significant prevalence of late effects after childhood
ALL therapy. A long-term follow-up program for survivors of childhood cancer is
therefore needed in our country.
Published in Int J Hematol. 2010 Jun;91(5):850-4.
43
MEASLES OUTBREAK IN AN ORPHANAGE: HIV-INFECTED CHILDREN
ON ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY ARE STILL AT RISK
Linda Aurpibul1, Thanyawee Puthanakit1, Suparat Kanjanavanit2,
Thira Sirisanthana1 and Virat Sirisanthana3
1
Chiang Mai Provincial Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
3
Thailand.
2
ABSTRACT
An outbreak of measles occurred in an orphanage in Chiang Mai, Thailand
where 44 HIV-infected and 19 HIV-uninfected children were accommodated. History of measles vaccination was significantly correlated with the risk of acquiring
measles, where HIV infection status was not.
44
Published in Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2010 Feb;29(2):167-9.
MEDIASTINAL PANCREATIC PSEUDOCYST IN CHRONIC PANCREATITIS
Pannee Visrutaratna1 and Nuthapong Ukarapol2
1
Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand.
2
Thailand.
ABSTRACT
A 14-year-old girl with chronic pancreatitis presented with palpitations,
dysphagia, and pain in the subxyphoid region radiating to her back for 3 months.
A contrast-enhanced CT showed a large cystic mass in the mediastinum compressing the heart and esophagus (Fig. 1, arrow). It arose from the pancreas, extending
into the mediastinum through the esophageal hiatus (Fig. 2). Note pancreatic
calcifications (Fig. 2, arrow).
Fig. 1 Axial CT Fig. 2 CT with coronal reformation
Pancreatic pseudocysts are complications of acute or chronic pancreatitis;
they can extend well beyond the pancreas. The most common route of dissection
of a mediastinal pancreatic pseudocyst is through the esophageal or aortic hiatus.
Rarely, communication can occur via the foramen of Morgagni or by direct erosion
through the diaphragm [1]. Complications of mediastinal pancreatic pseudocyst
include infection and hemorrhage, as well as compression, invasion, and rupture
of the pseudocyst into surrounding structures [2].
Published in Pediatr Radiol. 2010 Jul;40(7):1298. Epub 2009 Oct 2.
45
MULTIPLEX ASSAY TO IDENTIFY KOREAN VECTORS OF MALARIA
Deepak Joshi1, Mi-Hyun Park1, Atiporn Saeung2, Wej Choochote2 and Gi-Sik Min1
1
Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Korea.
Thailand.
2
ABSTRACT
Following the recent emergence of malaria in South Korea, vector control
has been an important task. For this, vector identification is very important.
Earlier, two PCR-based assays have been described. But, poor species resolution
and their ability to include only 4-5 species limit their use. Thus, it has now
become important to revise the assay identifying these members. In this study, a
new assay based on internal transcribed spacer 2 and 28S of ribosomal DNA has
been described. The assay successfully identified all the Korean malaria vector
mosquitoes. Therefore, it is an indispensable tool to study ecology, abundance
and biology of these species.
46
Published in Molecular Ecology Resources (2010) 10: 748-750.
PERSISTENCE OF MEASLES, MUMPS, AND RUBELLA PROTECTIVE
ANTIBODIES 3 YEARS AFTER REVACCINATION IN HIV-INFECTED
CHILDREN RECEIVING ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY
Linda Aurpibul1, Thanyawee Puthanakit1, Thira Sirisanthana1
and Virat Sirisanthana2
1
Thailand.
2
ABSTRACT
Three years after measles, mumps, and rubella revaccination in 38 human
immunodeficiency virus-infected children who had achieved immune recovery
after antiretroviral therapy, the prevalence of protective antibody levels was 85%
for measles, 61% for mumps, and 79% for rubella, compared with 88%, 84%, and
100%, respectively, 1 month after revaccination.
Published in Clin Infect Dis. 2010 May 15;50(10):1415-8.
47
PERSISTENT HYPERINSULINEMIC HYPOGLYCEMIA OF INFANCY ASSOCIATED
WITH CONGENITAL NEUROBLASTOMA: A CASE REPORT
Prapai Dejkhamron1, Kevalee Unachak1, Pattra Thanarattanakorn1,
Pimlak Charoenkwan1, Watcharee Tantiprabha1,
Somporn Chotinaruemol1 and Benjaporn Chaiwun2
1
Thailand.
2
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand.
ABSTRACT
The authors report a rare case of persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia
of infancy (PHHI) with congenital neuroblastoma without feature(s) of BeckwithWiedemann syndrome. A term newborn with a birth weight of 3,900 g developed
hypoglycemia one hour after birth and required up to 20 mg/kg/min of intravenous
glucose infusion to maintain euglycemia. Investigations during the critical period
revealed an inappropriately high insulin level. An abdominal CT scan revealed a
normal pancreas, right suprarenal mass, and liver nodules. A condition of stage 4S
neuroblastoma was suspected and supported by an increased ratio of urine vanillylmandelic acid to creatinine. The bone marrow smear was normal. She underwent
near total pancreatectomy at the age of 2 months. The suprarenal mass and liver
nodules were not found during the operation or during repeated abdominal CT
scans at 3 month of age. Spontaneous regression of neuroblastoma was suspected.
The pathology of the pancreas was compatible with PHHI.
48
Published in J Med Assoc Thai. 2010 Jun;93(6):745-8.
POOR COGNITIVE FUNCTIONING OF SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN
IN THAILAND WITH PERINATALLY ACQUIRED HIV INFECTION
TAKING ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY
Thanyawee Puthanakit1, Linda Aurpibul1, Orawan Louthrenoo2, Pimmas Tapanya3,
Radchaneekorn Nadsasarn1, Sukrapee Insee-ard1 and Virat Sirisanthana2
1
Thailand.
3
Faculty of Humanities, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
2
ABSTRACT
Neurocognitive outcome is an essential aspect of treatment for HIV-infected
children. This study is aimed at assessing cognitive functioning in school-aged
HIV-infected children and the change after receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART).
We conducted a prospective cohort study of HIV-infected Thai children from 6-12
years of age compared with HIV-affected (children of HIV-positive mothers who were
not infected with HIV), and normal control groups. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for
Children-III (WISC-III) was administered at enrollment and 30 months of followup. Semistructured interviews of primary caregivers were performed. From April
to October 2003, 121 children were enrolled; 39 HIV-infected, 40 HIV-affected, and
42 control children with a median age of 9.3 years. The HIV-infected group had a
mean (standard deviation [SD]) CD4 percentage of 13.8% (5.3), 87% of whom had
been receiving ART for a median of 35 weeks. At the first cognitive assessment,
the mean (SD) of full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) was 79 (13) and 88 (10)
among HIV-infected and HIV-affected children, which was statistically lower than
that of the control group at 96 (13; p < 0.01). The proportion of children with
average intelligence level (FSIQ > 90) among 3 groups were 21%, 49%, and 76%,
respectively (p < 0.01). At 30 months of follow-up, the HIV-infected group had a
mean (SD) CD4 percentage of 25.6% (5.6); 77% had undetectable viral load. The
mean (SD) FSIQ of children among three groups were 75 (12), 85 (12), and 91
(12), respectively. Compared with the baseline assessment, the verbal scale score
significantly decreased in all groups, including the controls, whereas the performance scales did not change. In conclusion, school-aged HIV-infected children
have lower cognitive function than HIV-affected and normal children. Cognitive
function was not improved after receiving ART. Further study to address whether
early ART can preserve cognitive functioning among HIV-infected children should
be explored.
Published in AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2010 Mar;24(3):141-6.
49
Predictors and consequences of incarceration among a sample
of young Thai methamphetamine users
Sherman S.G.1, Sutcliffe C.G.1, Srirojn B.3, German D.1,
Thomson N.2, Aramrattana A.2 and Celentano D.D.1
1
Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA.
Department of Family Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
3
2
ABSTRACT
Introduction and Aims. Our study examined the incidence of arrest and
incarceration, investigated predictors of incarceration and explored the persistence of depression, alcohol use and drug use after incarceration among young
methamphetamine users from Thailand. Design and Methods. Participants were
aged 18-25 years old and were a part of a 12 month randomized social network
trial that aimed to reduce sexual risk and methamphetamine use. Estimates of the
incidence of arrest and incarceration over 12 months were calculated. A matched
case-control study (n = 73 cases; n = 223 controls) was performed to examine
incarceration risk factors using conditional logistic regression. Persistence of
drug-risk behaviours were explored after incarceration. Results. Study participants
(n = 950) were 72% male, with a median age of 19 years and a median of 9 years
of schooling. Frequent drug and alcohol use were reported at baseline. In total,
35% of the sample reported ever having been arrested and 22% reported ever
having been incarcerated at baseline. During the 12 month follow up, 16% of the
sample was arrested. In univariate analyses, risk factors for incarceration included
frequent drug and alcohol use, being less educated, and a history of arrest and
incarceration. A high prevalence of drug and alcohol use and involvement in the
drug economy persisted after arrest. Discussion and Conclusions. The study indicates a high prevalence of recidivism among this young sample, with continued
involvement in drug-risk behaviours after incarceration. Appropriate interventions
are needed to address root causes of arrest, largely related to substance use.
50
Published in drug and Alcohol Review 29 (4) 2010, pp.399-405.
PRODUCTION OF MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES TO P-GLYCOPROTEIN:
ITS APPLICATION IN DETECTION OF SOLUBLE
AND SURFACE P- LYCOPROTEIN OF LEUKEMIA PATIENTS
Sawitree Chiampanichayakul1,2, Songyot Anuchapreeda1,
Nuttapol Chruewkamlow2, Kodchakorn Mahasongkram2,
Pattra Thanaratanakorn3 and Watchara Kasinrerk2
1
Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai
2
Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and
Biotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
3
Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand.
ABSTRACT
Multidrug resistance (MDR) in leukemia is commonly associated with the
expression of a transmembrane protein, P-glycoprotein (P-gp). In this study, two
monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for the extracellular domain of P-gp were
generated. By employing the generated mAbs, a two-color lysed whole blood flow
cytometric method for surface P-gp and an efficient sandwich ELISA for soluble
P-gp determinations were established. By using the established methods, surface
and soluble P-gp were detected in several leukemia patients. The presence of soluble
P-gp could be used to identify the P-gp surface expression patients. Detection of
soluble P-gp reported provides a new basis that may lead to a better understanding
of the MDR mechanism in leukemia.
Published in Int J Hematol. 2010 Sep;92(2):326-33.
51
RAPID DETECTION OF DIROFILARIA IMMITIS IN MOSQUITO VECTORS
AND DOGS USING A REAL-TIME FLUORESCENCE RESONANCE
ENERGY TRANSFER PCR AND MELTING CURVE ANALYSIS
Tongjit Thanchomnang1, Pewpan M. Intapan1, Viraphong Lulitanond2,
Somboon Sangmaneedet3, Sudchit Chungpivat4, Piyanan Taweethavonsawat4,
Wej Choochote5 and Wanchai Maleewong1
1
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Diagnostic Center for Emerging
Infectious Diseases, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
2
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Diagnostic Center for Emerging
Infectious Diseases, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
3
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen
40002, Thailand.
4
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok
10330, Thailand.
5
Thailand.
ABSTRACT
A real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) PCR supplemented
with melting curve analysis for the rapid molecular detection of Dirofilaria immitis
in mosquito vectors and dog blood samples was developed. This real-time FRET
PCR was based on the fluorescence melting curve analysis of a hybrid between
an amplicon generated from the D. immitis ribosomal RNA gene sequence and
specific fluorophore-labeled probes. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive
and negative predictive values of this method were all 100%. Besides being highly
sensitive and specific, this PCR is fast and offers a high throughput. Therefore it
is a suitable and powerful tool for the diagnosis and for epidemiological surveys
of canine dirofilariasis as well as for molecular xenomonitoring of D. immitis in
mosquito vectors.
52
Published in Veterinary Parasitology (2010) 168: 255-260.
RELATIONSHIP OF CELL BEARING EBER AND p24 ANTIGENS
IN BIOPSY-PROVEN LYMPHOCYTIC INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA
IN HIV-1 SUBTYPE E INFECTED CHILDREN
Lertlakana Bhoopat1, Somrak Rangkakulnuwat2, Charin Ya-In1
and Tanin Bhoopat3
1
Departments of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand.
2
Departments of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand.
3
Departments of Forensic Medicine Molecular Laboratory, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai
50200, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia (LIP) is an uncommon histopathologic
entity characterized by infiltration of the interstitium and alveolar spaces of the
lung by lymphocytes and other lymphoid elements. An increased incidence of LIP
has been seen in the pediatric population, especially in children with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Our previous study supports the notion that Langerhans
cells (LCs) are reservoirs for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in lungs of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) subtype E-infected pediatric LIP. To further understand
the pathogenesis of LIP, we studied the relationship between EBV, the suggested
causative agent of LIP and HIV-1 capsid protein p24, which play an important
role in the interaction with host proteins during HIV-1 adsorption, membrane
fusion, and entry in surgical lung biopsy-proven LIP from 9 vertically HIV subtype
E-infected pediatric patients. The dominant microscopic feature of LIP demonstrated widespread widening of alveolar septum by mononuclear inflammatory cell
infiltrate, mainly composed of mature lymphocytes and plasma cells surrounding
airways and expanding to the lung interstitium. EBV-encoded RNA (EBER) in situ
hybridization (ISH) and p24 immunohistochemistry, performed on formalin-fixed,
paraffin-embedded tissue from open lung biopsy specimens, revealed positive intranuclear EBER signals and intracytoplasmic immunostains for p24 core protein
in all 9 LIP cases. By combining ISH and immunohistochemistry, these results
suggest that (i) EBV/p24-carrying cells are likely involved in the development of
LIP, either directly or indirectly; (ii) LCs and related dendritic cells are the main
53
reservoir of both EBV and HIV subtype E in pediatric LIP and possibly LCs may
play an important role in the recruitment of inflammatory cell infiltrates, especially T cells into these tissues; (iii) coexpression of EBV/p24 in bronchioalveolar
epithelium supports the hypothesis that these cells serve as a reactivation source
for both viruses to achieve greater quantities in alveolar septum and interstitium
around bronchioles. These results indicate a strong association between the presence
of HIV core protein p24 and expression of EBV RNA transcripts (EBER). Interactions between LCs and related dendritic cells together with T cells are important
for effective HIV and EBV replications. The coexpression of both viruses could be
related to the evolution of pediatric LIP in HIV subtype E infection.
54
Published in Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2011 May 26.
REPORT OF THE 11TH WORLD CONGRESS OF PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY
IN BANGKOK, THAILAND
Chulabhorn Pruksachatku
Division of Dermatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University,
ABSTRACT
th
The 11 World Congress of Pediatric Dermatology took place at the Queen
Sirikit National Convention Center, Bangkok, Thailand on 17 to 19 November
2009. The theme was “Health and Beauty in Pediatric Dermatology.” This report
highlights several presentations discussing hemangiomas, infections, and novel
and future diagnostic methods and treatment of pediatric dermatologic conditions.
This report is not intended as a substitute for reading the conference educational
handouts, online updates and related references quoted in this article.
Published in Pediatr Dermatol. 2010 May-Jun;27(3):223-5.
55
SIZE AND CHARGE ANTIGENS OF DIROFILARIA IMMITIS ADULT WORM
FOR IGG-ELISA DIAGNOSIS OF BANCROFTIAN FILARIASIS
Doungrat Riyong1, Jitra Waikagul2, Chotechuang Panasoponkul3,
Wej Choochote1, Akira Ito4 and Paron Dekumyoy2
1
Thailand.
2
Department of Helminthology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok
10400, Thailand.
3
Department of Medical Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok
10400, Thailand.
4
Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical College, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan.
ABSTRACT
We used Dirofilaria immitis adult worm antigens to develop an IgG-ELISA,
then used this to evaluate 30 serum samples of patients with proven Wuchereria
bancrofti infection, 131 samples of patients with other parasitic diseases and 30
serum samples of healthy controls. The D. immitis antigen was prepared using
two methods: Sephacryl S-200 chromatography and iso-electric focusing with a
Rotofor cell. This was done to determine the best method for diagnosing W. bancrofti filariasis. Before fractionation, crude male D. immitis antigen yielded 100%
sensitivity and 60.8% specificity, and crude female antigen yielded 80% sensitivity and 52.8% specificity, respectively, to detect W. bancrofti infection. After gel
filtration chromatography, the male D. immitis antigen, called MP1, yielded 100%
sensitivity and 95% specificity, and female D. immitis antigen, called FmP1, gave
100% sensitivity and 59.6% specificity, to detect W. bancrofti infection. Using isoelectric-focusing, both male and female crude D. immitis antigens (Iso-MF and
Iso-FmF, respectively) were separated mechanically into 20 iso-fractions (F1-F20)
each. By preliminary screening with ELISA, using pooled positive and negative
sera, Iso-MF10, pH 7.5, and Iso-FmF14, pH 7.6, were selected. Iso-MF10 gave
100% sensitivity and 96.9% specificity, and Iso-FmF14 gave 100% sensitivity and
64% specificity. In the study, Og4C3-ELISA, for the detection of circulating filarial
antigen, was also used to analyze these serum samples, it gave 87.6% sensitivity
and 99.4% specificity to detect W. bancrofti infection. Male D. immitis antigens,
MP1 and Iso-MF10, gave high sensitivity and specificity, and appear to be the best
choices for use in an ELISA to diagnose bancroftian filariasis.
Published in Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health (2010)
41(2): 285-97.
56
SPATIAL GENETIC STRUCTURE OF AEDES AEGYPTI MOSQUITOES
IN MAINLAND SOUTHEAST ASIA
Thaung Hlaing1, Willoughby Tun-Lin1, Pradya Somboon2, Duong Socheat3,
To Setha3, Sein Min1, Sein Thaung1, Okorie Anyaele4, Babaranda De Silva5,
Moh Seng Chang6, Anil Prakash7, Yvonne Linton8 and Catherine Walton9
1
Medical Entomology Research Division, Department of Medical Research (Lower Myanmar),
Yangon, Myanmar.
2
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
3
National Centre for Malaria, Parasitology and Entomology, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
4
Entomology Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
5
Department of Zoology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
6
WHO - Western Pacific Regional Office, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
7
Regional Malaria Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Dibrugarh, Assam,
India
8
Natural History Museum, London, UK.
9
Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
ABSTRACT
Aedes aegypti mosquitoes originated in Africa and are thought to have spread
recently to Southeast Asia, where they are the major vector of dengue. Thirteen
microsatellite loci were used to determine the genetic population structure of
A. aegypti at a hierarchy of spatial scales encompassing 36 sites in Myanmar,
Cambodia and Thailand, and two sites in Sri Lanka and Nigeria. Low, but significant, genetic structuring was found at all spatial scales (from 5 to >2000 km) and
significant FIS values indicated genetic structuring even within 500 m. Spatially
dependent genetic-clustering methods revealed that although spatial distance plays
a role in shaping larger-scale population structure, it is not the only factor. Genetic
heterogeneity in major port cities and genetic similarity of distant locations connected by major roads, suggest that human transportation routes have resulted
in passive long-distance migration of A. aegypti. The restricted dispersal on a
small spatial scale will make localized control efforts and sterile insect technology
effective for dengue control. Conversely, preventing the establishment of insecticide
resistance genes or spreading refractory genes in a genetic modification strategy
would be challenging. These effects on vector control will depend on the relative
strength of the opposing effects of passive dispersal.
Published in Evolutionary Applications (2010) 3: 319-339.
57
SYSTEMATICS OF ANOPHELES (CELLIA) YAEYAMAENSIS SP. N.,
ALIAS SPECIES E OF THE AN. MINIMUS COMPLEX
IN SOUTHEASTERN ASIA (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)
Pradya Somboon1, Angela Rory2, Yoshio Tsuda3, Masahiro Takagi4
and Ralph E. Harbach2
1
Thailand.
2
Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7
5BD, U.K.
3
Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1-23-1,
Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
4
Center for International Collaborative Research, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto 1-12-4,
Nagasaki City, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan.
ABSTRACT
Species E of the Anopheles minimus sibling species complex is diagnosed
and formally named An. yaeyamaensis Somboon & Harbach, sp. n. Information is
provided on the morphology, genetics and bionomics of the species, which has a
restricted distribution in the Yaeyama and Miyako Islands located at the southern
end of the Ryukyu Archipelago of Japan.
58
Published in Zootaxa (2010) 2651: 43-51.
The Thai Anesthesia Incident Monitoring Study (Thai AIMS):
an analysis of perioperative complication
in geriatric patients
Tuchinda L.1, Sukchareon I.2, Kusumaphanyo C.3, Suratsunya T.4,
Hintong Thanoo5 and Thienthong S.6
1
Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok,
Thailand.
2
Department of Anesthesiology, Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital, Bangkok, Thialand.
3
Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok,
Thailand.
4
Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani,
Thailand.
5
Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai,
Thailand.
6
Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicince, Khon Kaen University, Khone Kaen,
Thailand.
ABSTRACT
Background: The present study was a part of the multi-centered study of
model of Anesthesia related adverse events in Thailand by incident report. (The
Thai Anesthesia Incident Monitoring Study or Thai AIMS). The objective of the
present study was to identify and analyze anesthesia incident in geriatric patients
in order to find out the frequency distribution, clinical courses, management of
incidents and investigation of model appropriate for possible corrective strategies.
Material and Method: This study was a prospective descriptive multicentered study
conducted between January 1, 2007 and June 30, 2007. Incident reports from 51
hospital across Thailand were sent to data management unit on anonymous and
voluntary basis. The authors extracted relevant data from the incident reports on
geriatric patients (age 65 or more). The cases were reviewed by 3 anesthesiologists.
Any disagreement was discussed and judged to achieve a consensus. Descriptive
statistics was used. Results: Among 407 incident reports and 559 incidents, there
were more male (52.8%) than female (46.7%) patients with ASA PS 2, 3, 4 and 5
= 38.6%, 42.8%, 14.5% and 4.2% respectively. Surgical specialties that posed high
risk of incidents were general, orthopedic, neurological, urologic and otorhiolaryngological surgery. Common places where incidents occurred were operating room
(57.1%), ward (30.9%) and recovery room (12.0%). Common occurred incidents
59
were arrhythmia needing treatment (30.0%), death within 24 hr (24.6%), desaturation (21.9%), cardiac arrest (16.2%) and reintubation (16.0%). The causes of the
incidents were mostly attributed from patients underlying diseases and conditions.
Most common outcomes were major physiologic changes with 26.5% fatal outcome
at 7 days. The most common contributing factor was human factor (inappropriate
decision and inexperience). Vigilance and having more experience could be the
minimizing factors. Conclusion: Incidents in geriatric patients were similar to all
age group patients with a higher incidents in death within 24 hr. The outcome
were more serious resulting in 26.5% fatal outcome at 7 days. Quality assurance
activity, clinical practice guidelines and improved supervision were suggested corrective strategies.
60
Published in J Med Assoc Thai. 2010 Jun;93(6):698-707.
Women’s Health survey of female prisoners
at Chiang Mai Women Prison
Wichuda Jiraporncharoen, Apinun Aramrattana,
Nopakoon Koonlertgit and Chaisiri Angkurawaranon
abstract
Background: Prisoner health still remains a major challenge in many health
systems. For female inmates, women’s health issues such as reproductive health,
gynecologic disorders and maternal health are often overlooked in these settings. Objectives: Document the reproductive health status of female prisoners in
order to plan for proper screening, treatment and prevention measures. Methods:
517 inmates from Chiang Mai Women Prison volunteered to take part in the
survey during 2007 by answering questionnaires. Results: the majority of female
prisoners (94%) is this survey had already had sexual intercourse and almost all
(99%) reported that they did not regularly use condom. 27% were sexually active
before the age of 16 while 21% had more than 3 sexual partners. In terms of
reproductive health, 81% had been pregnant before and about 36% had a history
of abortion while 16% had more than 3 abortions. Only 27.4% of these reported
abortions were due to medical indication, the rest were mostly criminal abortions.
49% of female prisoners in this survey reported that they had a positive history
of contracting sexually transmitted diseases. (STDs). Conclusions: The majority of
female prisoners reported high risk behaviors which is reflected by the fact that
almost 50% of prisoners reported that they had a history of contracting STDs.
Routing screening and access to treatment is crucial for this high risk group.
Health promotion, prevention and harm reduction program is also recommended
for all inmates to promote comprehensive women’s health issue in this marginalized but high risk population.
Published in Chiang Mai Medical Journal, Vol. 50 No.2, June 11 (p.51-58).
61
Determination of Clozapine in Human Plasma
by High–Performance Liquid Chromatography
with UV–VIS Detector
Chokchai Wongsinsup, Wandee Taesotikul, Sayam Kaewvichit,
Siriluk Sangsrijan and Saowarunee Sangsrijan
Biopharmacy Research Unit, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research and Service Center, Faculty of
Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
A specific reversed- phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method
has been developed for the simultaneous determination of clozapine in human
plasma. Diazepam was used as an internal standard. The drugs from human
plasma were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction with diethyl ether. The analysis
was performed on a C18 analytical column with UV - VIS detector at 250 nm and
acetonitrile-methanol-0.5% triethylamine (40:10:50) was used as mobile phase. It
was found to be linear linear over the concentration range of 25 to 2000 ng/ml
and extraction recovery was more than 80%. The coefficients of variation (CV) for
intraday and interday assay were found to be less than 5%. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 25 ng/ml. This analysis method was successfully used in pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence study of clozapine in schizophrenic patients.
Key words: Clozapine, Plasma analysis, HPLC, Determination, Pharmacokinetic
Published in Chiang Mai University Journal of Natural Sciences. 9(1): 29-38. JanuaryJune 2010.
62
Inhibitory effects of caffeic acid ester analogues
on free radicals and human liver microsome CYP1A2 activities
Churdsak Jaikang1, Chaiyavat Chaiyasut1, Paitoon Narongchai2,
Kanokporn Niwatananun3, Siripun Narongchai2 and Winthana Kusirisin4
1
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
Department of Foriensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
3
Department of Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
4
Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai
50200, Thailand.
2
ABSTRACT
Ethyl caffeate (EC), octyl caffeate(OC), benzyl caffeate(BC) and phenethyl
caffeate(PC) were synthesized and evaluated for scavenging of superoxide anion,
nitric oxide radical and 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH). Antioxidant
activity was investigated with reducing power method. Pooled human liver microsome was used for investigating the effects on cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2)
catalytic activities by using phenacetin as a substrate. Dixon and Cornish-Bowden
plots were used for enzyme kinetic analysis. The EC, OC, BC and PC potentially
inhibited superoxide anion, nitric oxide and DPPH radicals. IC(50) values of superoxide anion scavenging of EC, OC, BC and PC were 16.42, 79.83, 123.69 and 123.69
µg/ml, respectively. EC was more potent than OC and BC in terms of nitric oxide
radical scavenger: IC(50) values of EC, OC and BC were 24.16, 37.34 and 52.64
µg/ml, respectively. In addition, the IC(50) values of EC, OC, BC and PC on DPPH
radical scavenging were 70.00, 184.56, 285.34 and 866.54 µg/ ml, respectively. The
IC(50) values of EC, OC, BC and PC on phenacetin O-deethylation were 124.98,
111.86, 156.68 and 31.05 µg/ml, respectively. Enzyme kinetics showed that the
type of inhibition mechanism was mixed-type. The result of this study shows that
caffeic acid ester analogues potentially scavenge free radicals and inhibit catalytic
activity of CYP1A2. This may lead to important implications in the prevention of
CYP1A2-mediated chemical carcinogenesis.
Published in the Medicinal Chemistry. 7(2): 99-105. 1 Mar 2011.
63
A MICROFLOW CHEMILUMINESCENCE SYSTEM FOR DETERMINATION
OF CHLORAMPHENICOL IN HONEY WITH PRECONCENTRATION USING
A MOLECULARLY IMPRINTED POLYMER
Wisanu Thongchai1, Boonsom Liawruangath1,4,
Saisunee Liawruangrath2,4 and Gillian M. Greenway3
1
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
Mai 50200, Thailand.
2
Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang
Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
3
Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom.
4
Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
A novel chemiluminescence (CL) microfluidic system incorporating a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) preconcentration step was used for the determination of chloramphenicol in honey samples. The MIP was prepared by using
chloramphenicol as the template, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DAM) as the
function monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the cross-linking
monomer, 2, 2’-dimethoxy-2 phenylacetophenone (DMPA) as the free radical initiator
and toluene and dodecanol as the solvent. TheMIPwas pre-loaded into a 10mmlong,
2mmwide and 150mdeep channel in a planar glass microfluidic device.When the
sample containing chloramphenicol was introduced into the microfluidic device it
was first preconcentrated on the MIP then detected by an enhancement effect on the
chemiluminescence reaction of tris(2, 2’-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) with cerium(IV)
sulphate in sulphuric acid. A micro-syringe pump was used to pump the reagents.
The CL intensity was linear in relationship to the chloramphenicol concentrations
from 1.55×10-4 to 3.09×10-3 µmol L-1 (r2 = 0.9915) and the detection limit (3σ) and
the quantitation limit (10σ) were found to be 7.46×10-6 and 2.48×10-5 µmol L-1,
respectively. Thismethod offered a high selectivity and sensitivity for quantitative
analysis of chloramphenicol in the honey samples.
64
Published in the Talanta, 82, pp. 560-566, July 2010.
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS ISOLATED
FROM GALLS OF TERMINALIA CHEBULA RETZ. (COMBRETACEAE)
Aranya Manosroi1,2, Pensak Jantrawut1, Hiroyuki Akazaw1,3,
Toshihiro Akihisa3 and Jiradej Manosroi1,2
1
Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Natural Products Research and Development Center, Science and Technology Research Institute,
3
College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku,
Tokyo 101-8308, Japan.
2
ABSTRACT
The aqueous extract of galls from Terminalia chebula Retz. (Combretaceae)
was fractionated on Diaion and refractionated on octadecyl silica column. Six
phenolic compounds were isolated and identified as gallic acid (1), punicalagin
(2), isoterchebulin (3), 1,3,6-tri-O-galloyl-_-D-glucopyranose (4), chebulagic acid
(5) and chebulinic acid (6). All of the compounds showed stronger 2,2-diphenyl1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and melanin inhibitory activities than
ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxytoluene, _-tocopherol, arbutin and kojic acid, the
reference compounds. Gallic acid (1) exhibited inhibitory activity against nitric
oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages. However, all isolated
compounds exhibited less activity than the reference compounds in mushroom
tyrosinase inhibition and human tumour cytotoxicity assays. This study has demonstrated that the phenolic compounds isolated from galls of T. chebula might
contribute significantly due to their antioxidant and whitening activities.
Published in the Natural Product Research, 24, pp. 1915-1926, December 2010.
65
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF THE RICE BRAN EXTRACT
AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ITS ENTRAPMENT IN NIOSOMES
BY SUPERCRITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE FLUID
Aranya Manosroi1,2, Warintorn Ruksiriwanich1, Masahiko Abe3, Hideki Sakai3,
Worapaka Manosroi4 and Jiradej Manosroi1,2
1
2
Natural Products Research and Development Center (NPRDC), Science and Technology Research
Institute (STRI), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
3
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo
University of Science, 2641 Chiba, Japan.
4
ABSTRACT
The objectives of this study were to compare the biological activities of the
rice bran (Oryza sativa Linn.) extracts prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide
fluid (scCO2) and ethanolic maceration, and the physical properties of niosomes
entrapped with the extracts prepared by scCO2 and chloroform film method. The
scCO2 extract showed higher unsaturated fatty acid and phenolic contents than
the maceration extract. All extracts showed no significant difference of biological
activities. The characteristics of niosomes entrapped and not entrapped with the
extract prepared by scCO2 and chloroform film method were not different with a
unilamellar nano-sized structure and the phase transition temperatures at 80°C.
The gradual decrease trend of the vesicular membrane microviscosity with less
membrane rigidity at higher extract concentrations was observed. The scCO2 technique is advantageous for the preparation of the rice bran extracts and niosomes
because of no requirement of organic solvents and having less step.
66
Published in the Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 54, pp. 137-144, August 2010.
EFFECTS OF VIBRO-MILLING ON RELAXOR FERROELECTRIC BEHAVIOR
AND PHASE TRANSITION OF LEAD-FREE Ba(Zr0.25Ti0.75)O3 CERAMICS
Chatchai Kruea-In1, Sukum Eitssayeam1, Kamonpan Pengpat1,
Gobwute Rujijanagul1,2 and Tawee Tunkasiri1,3
1
Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University,
2
3
School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
Lead-free Ba(Zr0.25Ti0.75)O3 ceramics were synthesized from powders
prepared by a conventional mixed oxide and vibro-milling method to investigate
the phase transition, dielectric response, and ferroelectric properties of the prepared samples. Compared to a conventional sample, the samples prepared by the
vibro-milling method showed a higher dielectric constant at the ferroelectric-toparaelectric transition temperature. The vibro-milling method also produced a
stronger frequency dependence on the dielectric constant. To confirm the dielectric
properties and phase transition behavior, ferroelectric hysteresis measurements
were carried out in the temperature range 40°C to 80°C. The microstructural
properties of the samples were investigated and the results were then correlated
with the characteristics of the milled and calcined powder as well as the grains
of the ceramics.
Published in the Phase Transitions, 83, pp. 942-949, October 2010.
67
ENHANCEMENT OF TRANSDERMAL ABSORPTION GENE EXPRESSION
AND STABILITY OF TYROSINASE PLASMID (pmel34)-LOADED ELASTIC
CATIONIC NIOSOMES: POTENTIAL APPLICATION
IN VITILIGO TREATMENT
Jiradej Manosroi1,2, Narinthorn Khositsuntiwong1, Worapaka Manosroi3,
Friedrich Götz4, Rolf G. Werner5 and Aranya Manosroi1,2
1
Institute (STRI), Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
3
Faculty of Medicines, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
4
Faculty of Biology, Department of Microbial Genetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen,
Germany.
5
Boehringer Ingelheim Company, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany.
2
ABSTRACT
The pMEL34 was loaded in elastic cationic niosomes (Tween61/Cholesterol/
DDAB at 1:1:0.5 molar ratio) by chloroform film method with sonication and
rehydrated with 25% ethanol. The amount of pMEL34 was determined by gel
electrophoresis and gel documentation. The maximum loading of pMEL34 in
elastic cationic niosomes was 150 microg/16 mg of the niosomal compositions.
At 8 weeks, the remaining plasmid in the elastic niosomes kept at 4 +/- 2 degrees
C, 27 +/- 2 degrees C were 49.75% and 38.57%, respectively, whereas at 45 +/- 2
degrees C, all plasmids were degraded. For transdermal absorption through rat
skin investigated by Franz diffusion cells at 6 h, the fluxes of pMEL34 loaded in
elastic and nonelastic niosomes in viable epidermis and dermis (VED) were 0.022
+/- 0.00 and 0.017 +/- 0.01 microg/cm(2)/h, respectively, whereas only pMEL34
loaded in elastic cationic noisome was observed in the receiver solution. The
pMEL34 loaded in elastic cationic niosomes showed the highest tyrosinase gene
expression demonstrating higher tyrosinase activity than the free and the loaded
plasmid in nonelastic niosomes of about four times. This study has suggested the
potential application of elastic cationic niosomes as an efficient topical delivery
for tyrosinase gene in vitiligo therapy.
68
Published in the Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 99, pp. 3533-3541, August 2010.
ENTRAPMENT ENHANCEMENT OF PEPTIDE DRUGS IN NIOSOMES
Aranya Manosroi1,2, Penpan Khanrin2, Rolf G. Werner3,
Friedrich Gtz4, Worapaka Manosroi5 and Jiradej Manosroi1,2
1
Natural Products Research and Development Center (NPRDC), Science and Technology
Research Institute (STRI)
2
Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
3
Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH; Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany.
4
Department of Microbial Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen,
Germany.
5
Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to enhance the entrapment of various charged
peptide drugs [(bacitracin (BCT), insulin and bovine serum albumin (BSA)] in
niosomes by modifying the vesicular charge compositions. Cationic, anionic and
neutral niosomes were prepared from sorbitan monostearate (Span 60) orpolyoxyethylene sorbitan monostearate (Tween 61), cholesterol (CHL), dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDAB) and/or dicetyl phosphate (DP) in distilled water,
by freeze dried empty liposome (FDEL) method. Morphology and vesicular sizes of
the vesicles were investigated by optical microscope, TEM, X-ray diffractometry and
dynamic light scattering. The entrapment efficiency of the peptides in niosomes
was determined by gel electrophoresis and gel documentation. After reconstitution
of the empty niosomal powder in phosphate buffer pH 7.0 containing the peptide
drugs, they were oligolamellar membrane structure, with the sizes of 40-60 nm,
except the neutral niosomes entrapped with insulin and cationic niosomes entrapped
with BSA which showed the sizes of 0.1-1.3 mm and 100-150 nm, respectively. The
zeta potential values of neutral, cationic and anionic niosomes entrapped with BSA,
insulin and BCT were -22.3±1.52, -30.7±2.92 and +22.68±1.31 mV, respectively.
The entrapment efficiency of BSA, BCT and insulin in neutral niosomes (Tween
61/CHL at 1 : 1 molar ratio) was 72.94, 69.89 and 10.26%, in cationic niosomes
(Tween 61/CHL/DDAB at 1 : 1 : 0.05 molar ratio) was 84.54, 32.85 and 87.15%
and in anionic niosomes (Tween 61/CHL/DP at 1 : 1 : 0.05 molar ratio) was 50.13,
90.88 and 44.31%, respectively. The highest entrapment efficiency of BSA, BCT and
insulin at 72.94, 90.88 and 87.15 was observed in neutral, anionic and cationic
niosomes, respectively. The results from this study has suggested the appropriate
niosomal formulation to entrap the peptides with different charges and polarity
for pharmaceutical application.
Published in the Journal of Microencapsulation, 27, pp. 272-280, May 2010.
69
FREE RADICAL ACAVENGING AND TYROSINASE INHIBITION ACTIVITY
OF OILS AND SERICIN EXTRACTED FROM THAI NATIVE SILKWORMS
(BOMBYX MORI)
Aranya Manosroi1,2, Korawinwich Boonpisuttinant1, Supanida Winitchai3,
1
Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
Mai, Thailand.
2
Institute (STRI), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
3
Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute (KAPI), Kasetsart
University, Bangkok, Thailand.
4
Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
Oils and sericin were extracted from pupae and silk cocoons, respectively, of
the five Thai native silkworms (Bombyx mori, Linnaeus (Bombycidae)), namely,
Keawsakol, Nangnoi, Somrong, Nangleung, and Noneruesee, which are variations of
the same species. The oils were extracted by a hot process using Soxhlet apparatus
and a cold process using petroleum ether, while sericin was extracted by basic
hydrolysis and autoclaving. Sericin from the five Thai native silkworms showed
free radical scavenging activity lower than the standard antioxidants (vitamin C,
vitamin E, and BHT) by about 20-100-fold, but all oils gave higher activity than
that of the standard linoleic acid by 11-22-fold. Oil extracted from Noneruesee by
the cold process gave the highest DPPH scavenging activity, compared with other
oil samples. All sericin samples showed tyrosinase inhibition activity with IC50
values in the range of 1.2-18.76 mg/mL, but only oils from Noneruesee extracted
by the hot process, and Nangleung, Somrong, and Noneruesee extracted by the
cold process, showed this activity. Oil extracted by the hot process and sericin by
basic hydrolysis from Noneruesee gave the highest tyrosinase inhibition activity,
but lower than that of the standards vitamin C and kojic acid by 20-49 and 3-8
times, respectively. This study has suggested that sericin and oil from Noneruesee
extracted by basic hydrolysis and the cold process, which gave the highest tyrosinase inhibition and free radical scavenging activity, respectively, can be applied
in antiaging and whitening cosmetic products.
70
Published in the Pharmaceutical, 48, pp. 855-860, August 2010.
HARMONIC ANALYSIS OF DYNAMIC HYSTERESIS RESPONSE
OF BaTiO3 BULK CERAMICS
Kanokwan Kanchiang1,2, Rattikorn. Yimnirun3, Natthapong Wongdamnern1,
Athipong Ngamjarurojana1,2 and Yongyut Laosiritaworn1,2,4
1
2
ThEP Center, CHE, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
3
School of Physics, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima
30000, Thailand.
4
ABSTRACT
In this work, the dynamic ferroelectric hysteresis properties in response to
dynamic electric field of BaTiO3 bulk ceramics was investigated using the harmonic
analysis approach. Fourier transformation was used to analyze the periodic polarization signal on frequency domain via each discrete harmonic. From the results,
the hysteresis area is found to depend only on the first harmonic of the real part.
On the other hand, the remnant polarization depends on all odd harmonics of the
real part. Further, the coercive field can be found from the phase-lag between the
inverse Fourier signals re-calculated from the first harmonic of the real part and
that of the imaginary part. The hysteresis properties from the harmonic analysis
match well with those of the original measurement. This suggests that the harmonic analysis is one of the powerful techniques which can be used to predict
hysteresis behavior.
Published in the Ferroelectrics, 401, pp. 123-128, December 2010.
71
HIGH-ENERGY HEAVY ION BEAM ANNEALED ION-IMPLANTATION-SYNTHESIZED SiC NANOCRYSTALLITES AND PHOTOLUMINESCENCEH
Jejira Khamsuwan1, Saweat Intarasiri2, Karen Kirkby3,
Paul K. Chu4 and Yu Liangdeng1,5
1
2
Institute for Science and Technology Research and Development, Chiang Mai University,
3
Ion Beam Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK.
4
Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue,
Kowloon, Hong Kong.
5
Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, CHE, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok 10400,
Thailand.
ABSTRACT
This work explored a novel way to synthesize silicon carbide (SiC). Carbon ions
at tens of keV were first implanted in single crystalline silicon wafers at elevated
temperature, followed by irradiation using heavy xenon ion beams at high energy
of 4 MeV with fluences of 5×1013 and 1×1014 ions/cm2 at elevated temperatures
to play a role of annealing as an alternative of high-temperature thermal annealing. X-ray diffraction, Raman scattering, infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize formation of SiC. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry was used to
analyze changes in the carbon depth profiles. Photoluminescence experiment was
operated. The results showed that high-energy heavy ion beam annealing could
indeed induce crystallization of SiC, mainly depending on the single ion energy
but not on the deposited areal density of the ion beam energy (the product of the
ion energy and the fluence). The ion beam synthesized SiC could enhance emission
of blue-band photoluminescence.
Published in the Proceedings on 3rd International Nanoelectronics Conference, pp. 543544, 2010.
72
IN VITRO ANTI-AGING ACTIVITIES OF TERMINALIA
CHEBULA GALL EXTRACT
Aranya Manosroi1,2, Pensak Jantrawut1, Toshihiro Akihisa3,
1
Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Institute (STRI), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
3
College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-8 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku,
Tokyo, Japan.
4
Faculty of Medicines, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
2
ABSTRACT
Context: The Thai Lanna region has its own folklores and wisdoms in various
fields such as traditional medicines. The galls of Terminalia chebula Retz. (Combretaceae) frequently appear in many Thai Lanna medicinal plant recipes for promoting
longevity. Objectives: To investigate the in vitro anti-aging activities of the extracts
from 15 plants including T. chebula gall selected from the Thai medicinal plant
recipes that have been traditionally used for longevity. Materials and methods: The
plant extracts were prepared by four extraction methods including hot (HW) and
cold (CW) aqueous processes and hot (HM) and cold (CM) methanol processes.
These extracts were tested for antioxidative and tyrosinase inhibition activity as
well as the proliferative and MMP-2 inhibition activity on early aging human skin
fibroblasts in order to evaluate their in vitro anti-aging activity. Results: At 0.1 mg/
mL, the CW extract of T. chebula gall exhibited the highest DPPH radical scavenging
activity with scavenging of 84.64%±2.22%, whereas ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol and
butylated hydroxyl toluene gave 96.50%±0.1%, 35.74%±0.2% and 27.43%±0.1%,
respectively. The CW extract of T. chebula gall indicated the highest stimulation
index (SI) on normal human fibroblast proliferation of 1.441 which was more active
than ascorbic acid (SI 1.21). This extract has also demonstrated MMP-2 inhibition
on fibroblasts determined by zymography 1.37 times more potent than ascorbic
acid. Discussion and conclusion: This study has confirmed the traditional use of
T. chebula gall in many Thai medicinal plant recipes for longevity which will be
beneficial for further development of anti-aging products.
Published in the Pharmaceutical Biology, 48, pp. 469-481, April 2010.
73
LEAD-FREE HIGH REFRACTIVE INDEX GLASS USING LOCAL THAI SANDS
Pisutti Dararutana1 and Narin Sirikulrat2
1
The Royal Thai Army Chemical Department, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand.
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Glass and Glass Products Research and Development Laboratory, Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
2
ABSTRACT
Due to harmful effects of lead in the high refractive index glass processing,
the production of lead-free high refractive index glass by using other materials
to replace lead has been studied. In this work, local sand from various sites in
Thailand was used to fabricate the lead-free high refractive index glass. Barium
carbonate was used to replace lead oxide in order to reduce the amount of lead in
glass. Results from the experiments found that the local sands and the processes
for making glass were satisfactory. The refractive index of greater than 1.60 was
found in the glass specimen prepared from a concentration of barium carbonate
of more than 30 weight-%.
Published in the Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 32, pp. 315-319,
May-June 2010.
74
MODELING OF FERROELECTRIC HYSTERESIS AREA
OF HARD LEAD ZIRCONATE TITANATE CERAMICS:
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK APPROACH
Wimalin Laosiritaworn1, Athipong Ngamjarurojana2,3,
Rattikorn Yimnirun4, and Yongyut Laosiritaworn2,3,5
1
Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
2
3
ThEP Center, CHE, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
4
School of Physics, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon
Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
5
ABSTRACT
In this work, the relationship between hysteresis area of hard lead zirconate titanate and external perturbation was modeled using the Artificial Neural
Network (ANN). The model developed has the applied electric field parameters
and temperature as inputs, and the hysteresis area as an output. Then ANN was
trained with experimental data and used to predict hysteresis area of the unseen
testing patterns of input. The predicted and the actual data of the testing set were
found to agree very well for all considered input parameters. Furthermore, unlike
previous power-law investigation where the lowfield data had to be discarded in
avoiding non-convergence problem, this work can model the data for the whole
range with fine accuracy. This therefore suggests the ANN success in modeling
hard ferroelectric hysteresis properties and underlines its superior performance
upon typical power-law scaling technique.
75
NOVEL FERROCENIC STEROIDAL DRUG DERIVATIVES
AND THEIR BIOACTIVITIES
Jiradej Manosroi1,2, Kanjana Rueanto1,2, Korawinwich Boonpisuttinant1,2,
Worapaka Manosroi, Christophe Biot4, Hiroyuki Akazawa5, Toshihiro Akihisa5,
Witchapong Issarangporn6 and Aranya Manosroi1,2
1
Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
2
Natural Product Research and Development Center (NPRDC), Science and Technology Research
Institute (STRI), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
3
4
Université de Lille 1, Uni de Glycobiologie Structurale & Fonctionnelle, CNRS UMR 8576 IFR
147, 59650 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France.
5
College of Science & Technology, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan.
6
Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
Seven novel ferrocenic derivatives, compounds 1-7, were synthesized from
steroidal drugs by Aldol condensation reaction. The derivatives were purified by
chromatography, and their structures were determined on the basis of HR-ESI-MS
and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. The purity of all derivatives wasmore than
95%. Compounds 1-5 demonstrated anti-proliferative activity onHeLa cell line by
SRB assay more than their parent compounds. All seven derivatives showed antioxidative activities evaluated by DPPH scavenging and metal ion chelating, while
their parent compounds gave no activity. Compound 1 indicated the most potent
anti-proliferative activity similar to doxorubicin, with the GI50 at 0.223 (0.014 µg/
mL. Compounds 6 and 7 demonstrated similar potent in vivo anti-inflammatory
to their parent compounds (prednisolone and hydrocortisone) at 80.99 (13.5 and
68.24 (10.4% edema inhibition, respectively. This study has suggested that the
novel compound 1 was the most potential derivative that can be further developed
for cancer treatment.
76
Published in the Journal of Medical Chemistry, 53, pp. 3937-3943, May 2010.
PHASE TRANSITION BEHAVIOR IN (1Zx)PZT—xBiAlO3 CERAMICS
Nattaya Tawichai1, Tawee Tunkasiri1,2, Sukum Eitssayeam1,
Kamonpan Pengpat1 and Gobwute Rujijanagul1,3
1
2
School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.
3
ABSTRACT
In this study, a new ceramic with the composition (1-x)Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3xBiAlO3 was fabricated using the solid state method. Phase transition characteristic
and dielectric response were investigated. With increase in the content of BiAlO3, a
transformation from the tetragonal to the rhombohedral phase was observed. The
addition also enhanced the degree of phase transition diffuseness and produced a
decrease in the ferroelectricto-paraelectric phase transition temperature. The results
suggested that BiAlO3 has a strong effect on the transition behavior of the solid
solution. It is proposed that lattice distortion and compositional fluctuation are
responsible for these effects.
Published in the Phase Transitions, 83, pp. 994-1000, October 2010.
77
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ANTHRACNOSE
DISEASE AND ANTIFUNGAL COMPOUNDS CONTENT
IN FRUIT LATEX OF THAI MANGO
Wilawan Kumpoun1 and Danai Boonyakiat2
1
Department of Plant Science and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai
2
ABSTRACT
Mango has a different degree of susceptibility to Anthracnose disease. In
the previous study, it was found that latex contained some antifungal compounds
which had an effect to control Anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum
gloeosporiodes. Eight commercial mango cutivars, namely ‘Nam Dokmai’ ‘Rad’,
‘Kaew’, ‘Keaw Juk’, ‘Keaw Sawaey’, ‘Chok Anan’, ‘Keaw Moragot’ and ‘Mahajanaka’,
were studied for susceptibility to Anthracnose disease. The relationship between
susceptibility to Anthracnose disease and antifungal compounds content in fruit
latex were investigated. Crude extract of latex was separated and tested. It was
found that antifungal compounds presented only in water insoluble fraction. Most
of antifungal compounds w, found in ‘Kaew’ which was the least susceptibility to
Anthracnose disease whereas ‘Nam Dokmai’ had the least antifungal compounds
and it showed the most susceptibility to Anthracnose disease. The cultivar showed
greater susceptibility’ Anthracnose disease had lower the antifungal compounds
fraction content in fruit latex. The amount of antifungal compound in fruit latex
in each mango cultivar varied from low to high level was ‘Nam Dokmai’, ‘Rad’,
‘Keaw Moragot’, ‘Mahajanaka’, ‘Keaw Juk’, ‘Keaw Sawaey’, ‘Chok Anan’ and ‘Kaew’,
respectively. The result showed that antifungal compounds played an important
role in controlling Anthracnose disease.
78
Published in the Acta Horticulturae, 877, pp. 1501-1504, 2010.
SEQUENTIAL INJECTION ANALYSIS WITH LAB-AT-VALVE (SI-LAV)
FOR THE DETERMINATION OF SOLASODINE IN SOLANUM SPECIES
Wisanu Thongchai1, Boonsom Liawruangrath1,3 and Saisunee Liawruangrath2,3
1
2
3
Applied Chemistry and Environment Research Unit, Science and Technology Research Institute,
Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
The development of sequential injection analysis with lab-at-valve (LAV) semiautomated system online liquid-liquid extraction is demonstrated for spectrophotometric determination of solasodine in various Solanum species fruits. The main
proposed is semi-automated extractive determination of solasodine using methyl
orange as colorimetric reagent. After optimization of the system, sample, reagent
and organic solvent were sequentially aspirated into an extraction coil connected
to the center of a selection valve, where extraction took place by flow reversal. The
aqueous and organic phases were separated in a lab-at-valve unit attracted to one
of the ports of the selection valve. The absorption of ion-pair solasodine-methyl
orange complex in the organic phase was measured spectrophotometrically at 420
nm. The method performances, including reproducibility, linearity, sensitivity and
accuracy, were also evaluated. The proposed method is simple, reproducible and
accurate. It was successfully applied to the determination of solasodine in Solanum
aculeatissimum Jacq., Solanum violaceum Ortega., Solanum melongena Linn. and
Solanum indicum Linn. fruits in Solanaceae family. Results obtained were in good
agreement with those obtained by batch wise spectrophotometric method. It is also
suitable and useful for determination of solasodine in other medicinal plants.
Published in the Talanta, 81, pp. 565-571, April 2010.
79
STORAGE LIFE EXTENSION OF EXPORTED ‘NAM DOKMAI’ MANGO
BY REFRIGERATED MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE PACKING
Wilawan Kumpoun1 and Jamnong Uthaibutra2
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
2
ABSTRACT
Storage life extension methods are important for sea transportation of exported
Thai mangoes. This research was conducted to find out the suitable atmosphere in
mango package during cold storage. Mango fruit was packed in seal polyethylene
terephthalate plastic box with 7 level of perforated holes (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5
and 3.0 cm2/m2) for modified atmosphere in package at different conditions. The
fruit were kept at 5°C for 25, 32 and 39 days and transferred to room temperature
(25±5°C). Result showed that, mango fruit packed in package with perforated holes
1.5 and 2.0 cm2/m2 and kept at 5°C for 32 days showed normal fruit without
chilling injury symptom and normal ripening after removal to room temperature
for 7 days. Mango fruit packed in seal package without hole or with few holes
showed fermented symptoms. Fruit packed in seal package with too many holes
showed chilling injury symptoms. The suitable package for mango e.g. condition
of atmosphere in the package at equilibrium, perforated holes size, fruit size,
free space of atmosphere in package, and design of package will be presented and
discussed.
80
Published in the Acta Horticulturae, 876, pp. 221-226, 2010.
THE DEBYE DIELECTRIC BEHAVIOR OF MIXED NORMAL
AND RELAXOR-FERROELECTRICS: MONTE CARLO INVESTIGATION
Yongyut Laosiritaworn1,2,3, Kanokwan Kanchiang1,2, Athipong Ngamjarurojana1,2,
Rattikorn Yimnirun4, Ruyan Guo5 and Amar S. Bhalla5
1
2
ThEP Center, CHE, 328 Si Ayutthaya Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
3
4
30000, Thailand.
5
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, One
UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249-1644, USA.
ABSTRACT
In this work, Monte Carlo simulation was used to investigate the Debye
dielectric behavior of mixed normal- and relaxor-ferroelectrics. The results show
that, with increasing temperature, the dielectric permittivity of the mixed system
sharply increases at low temperatures but slowly decays at high temperatures, while
still presenting the dielectric peaks close to the relaxor- and normal-ferroelectrics
transition temperatures. Further, it is found that the sharpness, the magnitude,
and the frequency dispersion of the dielectric peaks can be finely tuned by adjusting relevant normal-ferroelectric parameters in the model. However, the modified
Curie-Weiss law shows that its exponent γ is governed by the inverse-temperature
dependence as the exponent is very close to 2 regardless of normal-ferroelectric
content. The functionalities of the Debye-type dielectric permittivity are then
discussed along with the comparison with experiments.
81
TRANSDERMAL ABSORPTION ENHANCEMENT THROUGH RAT SKIN
OF GALLIDERMIN LOADED IN NIOSOMES
Aranya Manosroi1,2, Penpan Khanrin1,2, Warangkana Lohcharoenkal1,2,
Rolf G.Werner3, Friedrich Götz, Worapaka Manosroi4 and Jiradej Manosroi1,2
1
Institute (STRI), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
2
3
Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, 55216 Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany.
4
Department of Microbial Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen,
Germany.
5
Faculty of Medicines, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
Gallidermin (Gdm) loaded in anionic niosomes composed of Tween 61/
CHL/DP (1:1:0.05 molar ratio) gave the highest entrapment efficiency (45.06%).
This formulation gave antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and
Staphylococcus aureus with the MIC and MBC of 3.75 and 7.5; 7.5 and 15µg/µl,
respectively. Gdm loaded in niosomes was more chemically stable than Gdm in
aqueous solution of about 1.5 times. Gdmloaded and unloaded in niosomeswere
not found in the receiver solution investigated by vertical Franz diffusion cells at
37°C for 6 h. Gdm loaded in niosomes showed higher cumulative amounts in viable
epidermis and dermis (VED) of rat skin of about 2 timesmore than unloaded Gdm.
Gdm loaded in niosomes and incorporated in gel exhibited the highest cumulative amounts (82.42±9.28 µgcm-2) and µuxes (13.74±1.55 µgcm-2h-1) in stratum
corneum (SC) and comparative cumulative amounts (183.16±30.32 µgcm-2) and
fluxes (25.74±5.05 µgcm-2h-1) in VED to the unloaded Gdm in corporated in gel.
This study has suggested that Gdm loaded in anionic niosomes and incorporated
in gel is the superior topical antibacterial formulation because of the high accumulation in the skin with no risk of systemic effect.
Published in the International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 392, pp. 304-310, June
2010.
82
WEBCAM CAMERA AS A DETECTOR FOR S SIMPLE
LAB-ON-CHIP TIME BASED APPROACH
Wasin Wongwilai1,2, Somchai Lapanantnoppakhun1,2,
Supara Grudpan3 and Kate Grudpan1,2
1
2
Research Laboratory for Development of Analytical Instrumentation, Center for Instrumention and Process, Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
3
College of Art, Media and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
Amodification of awebcamcamera for use as a small and lowcost detectorwas
demonstratedwith a simple lab-on-chip reactor. Real time continuous monitoring
of the reaction zone could be done. Acid-base neutralization with phenolphthalein
indicator was used as a model reaction. The fading of pink color of the indicator
when the acidic solution diffused into the basic solution zone was recorded as the
change of red, blue and green colors (%RBG.) The change was related to acid concentration. A low cost portable semi-automation analysis system was achieved.
Published in the Talanta, 81, pp.1137-1141, May 2010.
83
Effects of Some Cytokinins, Auxins and Medium
Constituents on In Vitro Propagation of Polystachya sp.
Chamchuree Sotthikul1,3, Parichat Choomporn2,
Siriwan Kammuen1 and Chuntana Suwanthada1,3
1
Department of Plant Science and Natural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai
2
H.M.the King’s Initiative Centre for Flower and Fruit Propagation, c/o Chiang Mai University,
Thailand.
3
Huai Hong Khrai Royal Development Study Centre, Doi Saket, Chiang Mai 52200, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
A study on in vitro propagation of a wild orchid, Polystachya sp., was carried
out by culturing shoots on modified VW (1949) or modified MS (1962) media. It
was found that the plants could grow on both modified media supplemented with
activated charcoal, 2 mg/L kinetin, or 2 mg/L BAP. MS media with 0.25 mg/L IBA,
0.5-1.0 mg/L NAA promoted root length of 0.40 cm. Combination of 1.0 mg/L NAA
and 1.0 mg/L IBA induced 4.10 roots/shoot. The rooting plants could successfully
grow in the greenhouse.
Published in Asia-Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology. Volume 8,
Issue 1, 2010. pp. 109-112.
84
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF OLIGOMER AND POLYMER CHITOSAN FROM
DIFFERENT SOURCES AGAINST FOOD BORNE PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
Titima Sukmark1, Pornchai Rachtanapun2,3 and Chitsiri Rachtanapun1,4
1
Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University
Bangkok 10900 Thailand.
2
Division of Packaging Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
Mai, 50100 Thailand.
3
Materials Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai,
50200 Thailand.
4
Center for Advance Studies in Agriculture and Food, KU Institute for Advanced Studied,
Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900 Thailand.
ABSTRACT
The antibacterial activities of oligomer and polymer chitosan from different
sources (shrimp, crab and squid) were examined against foodborne pathogenic
bacteria. Sixteen tested foodborne microorganisms comprised of eight Grampositive bacteria—namely, Listeria monocytogenes strains 101, 310, 108, Scott
A and V7, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis and eight
Gram-negative bacteria—namely, Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains BCC 24339, FS
004, TDH 293, TDH 330 and FS 015, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Weltevreden
and Salmonella Typhimurium. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
of the chitosans was analyzed by an agar dilution method and the minimum
bactericidal concentration (MBC) was analyzed by a broth dilution method. Polymer
chitosan from crab showed the best antilisterial activity while polymer chitosan
from squid showed the best efficiency for inhibiting S. aureus, B. cereus and B.
subtilis. Oligomer chitosan from squid showed the strongest antibacterial activity
on V. parahaemolyticus. However, S. Weltevreden was the most resistant to the
chitosan groups (MIC = 0.15%v/v). In addition, chitosan with a degree of deacetylation (DD) 98.01% had the strongest antimicrobial activity against the growth of
L. monocytogenes and B. cereus. The antibacterial activity against B. cereus was
enhanced with increasing DD. Therefore, the antimicrobial activity of chitosan
depends on the target microorganism, chitosan source, molecular size and DD.
These observations suggested that the source, DD and molecular size of chitosan
must be chosen selectively to control the target foodborne pathogens.
Published in the Proceeding of 48th Kasetsart University Annual Conference, February
3-5, 2010, Bangkok, Thailand, 27-33.
85
APPROACH FOR LOGOS DESIGN USING MATRIX ANALYSIS TABLE
CASE STUDY: LOGOS DESIGN FOR HOTEL IN CHIANG MAI PROVINCE
Ponchai Rachtanapun1 and Darin Srisawat2
1
Department of Packaging Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
2
Media Arts and Design, The Graduate School (Special Program), Chiang Mai University,
ABSTRACT
The approach for logo design using matrix analysis table case study: Logos
design for hotels in Chiang Mai Province was studied. The design composition of
logo and logo style perception was analyzed by matrix analysis table to improve
efficiency of logo design method. It was found that Thai and foreign tourist in
Chiang Mai prefer 5 art compositions as following: local culture, distortion, shadow
and perspective, motion and plus instrument picture about service, respectively.
In additions, the tourists prefer cool color tone and ancient type letter for hotel’s
logo.
Published in Proceeding of 48th Kasetsart University Annual Conference, February 3-5,
2010, Bangkok, Thailand, 144-147.
86
CHARACTERIZATION OF CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE FILM
FROM Mimosa Pigra
Pornchai Rachatnapun1 and Nithiya Rattanapanone2
1
Mai 50200, Thailand
2
Division of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University,
Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
ABSTRACT
The Mimosa pigra peel was sun-dried for 2 days and then grounded. The
grounded peel was boiled with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 30%w/v at 100°C for
3 h. The cellulose powder was synthesized to be carboxymethyl cellulose by the
reaction of different NaOH concentrations (30%, 40%, 50% and 60%w/v) and monochloro acetic acid in isopropyl alcohol. Effects of various NaOH concentrations
on thermal, mechanical properties and water vapor permeability property as well
as morphology of cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCm) was investigated.
The melting point of samples decreased as %NaOH increased. The increase of
NaOH concentration (30-50%) resulted in increasing mechanical properties. However, the level of NaOH concentration was 60%, mechanical properties of CMCm
films decreased. The result indicated that the highest mechanical properties were
provided on 50% NaOH-synthesized CMC film. The WVP of CMC films seemed to
be not affected by NaOH concentration. Morphology of cellulose from and CMCm
powder was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The surface roughness
of CMCm powder with various NaOH concentrations was not different. In addition,
CMCm films were determined the effect of glycerol as a plasticizer on mechanical
properties. Increasing amount of glycerol showed an increase elongation at break
but decrease tensile strength.
Published in the Young Researcher and the Senior Researcher Conference, The Thailand
Research Fund, 2010.
87
DEVELOPMENT OF CHITOSAN FILM INCORPORATING GARLIC OIL
AND POTASSIUM SORBATE AS ANTIMICRIBIAL
AGENTS FOR GARLIC BREAD
Jurmkwan Sangsuwan, Pornchai Rachtanapun, Kannanuch Srikok
and Jittapa Duangsawat
Mai 50200, Thailand
ABSTRACT
The property improvement of chitosan film by incorporating garlic oil or
potassium sorbate as antimicrobial agents and application for garlic bread was
studied. It was found that chitosan film incorporating garlic oil could extend the
shelf life of garlic bread upto 23 days, compared with garlic bread without wrapping which has only 7 days shelf life. While film containing potassium sorbate
could extend the shelf life of garlic bread upto 13 days. Both films are acceptable
in terms of overall acceptance.
Published in Thailand Research Expo, Central World, Bangkok, Thailand, August 26-30,
2010.
88
DIFFERENCES OF SOME NUTRIRTIONAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
of NORTHERN THAI-STYLE FERMENTED SOYBEANS (THUA-NAO) DRIED
BY THREE DIFFERENCT METHODS
Punpong Lekhakula1, Pichaya Boonprasom2, Pornchai Rachtanapun3
and Panuwan Chantawannakul1
1
Division of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai
50100, Thailand.
3
2
ABSTRACT
Effect of three different drying processes (sun-drying, hot-air drying and solar
drying) on some nutritional and physical properties of Thua-nao, an indigenous
fermented soybean in Northern of Thailand was investigated. Full factorial design
of three different drying processes was performed using 2, 4 and 6 hours of drying
time. It was found that solar drying and hot-air drying was the most significant
method that could reduce the aw and retained more protein content in dried
Thua-nao than sun-drying. Hot-air drying could lower the pH of dried Thua-nao
drastically. However, the retention of vitamin B12 content, the changes of moisture content and color parameters color parameters of CIE L* a* b* system were
not significantly affected by the three drying methods. Thua-nao dried from solar
drying method for 6 hours exhibited the highest protein content of 591.82 mg/g
dry weight and the lowest aw of 0.74. Solar drying method could be an alternative
way to preserve the fermented soybean and prolong shelf-life of dried Thua-nao
product with low operating cost in the future.
Published in The Proceeding of Food Innovation Asia conference, Bangkok, Thailand,
June 17-18, 2010.
89
EFFECT OF AMOUNT OF BLENDED STARCH ADHESIVES
AND PARTICLE SIZES FROM TAMARIND BARK ON PROPERTIES
OF PARTICLEBOARD
Pornchai Rachtanapun, Karnoksak Loiloes and Dumrong Jaikeankea
Mai 50100, Thailand
ABSTRACT
Effect of amount of adhesives (20, 25 and 30g/100 ml) and particle size (7,
12 and 20 mesh) on mechanical properties (modulus of rupture) and physical
properties (density, water absorption and thickness swelling) of particleboard from
tamarind bark using adhesive from four starches (tapioca starch, mung bean starch,
arrowroot starch and sticky rice starch) was investigated. Tamarind bark particle
and adhesive was mixed and compressed at 160°C and 1,500 psi for 8 minutes. As
amount of adhesive content in particle board increased, density and modulus of
rupture of particleboard increased, but water absorption of particleboard decreased.
Modulus of rupture, density and water absorption increased as decreasing the
particle size. The particle size of 20 mesh at 30g/100 ml adhesive provided the
best properties.
Published in Proceeding of 48th Kasetsart University Annual Conference, February 3-5,
2010, Bangkok, Thailand, 117-123.
90
EFFECT OF ANTIOXIDANT CONCENTRATION ON WATER VAPOR
TRANSMISSION RATE AND SORPTION ISOTHERM OF CASSAVA
STARCH-CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE (CMC) FILMS
Wirongrong Tongdeesoontorn1, Lisa J. Mauer2, Sasitorn Wongruong3
and Pornchai Rachtanapun4
1
Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Department of Food Science, Purdue University, IN, USA.
3
Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai,
Thailand.
4
Mai, Thailand.
2
ABSTRACT
The moisture sorption isotherm and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR)
of cassava starch-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) films with various antioxidants
(quercetin and Tertiary buthyl hydroquinone, TBHQ) contents were studied. Moisture
sorption isotherm of cassava starch-CMC films were investigated at various relative
humidities (0, 11, 33, 54, 75 and 95 %RH) at 25±1°C. The equilibrium moisture
content of films dramatically soared above aw = 0.54. Cassava starch-CMC film with
quercetin and TBHQ gave higher moisture sorption than cassava starch-CMC film
without antioxidant. BET model was found to be the best-fit model for cassava
starch-CMC films both with and without antioxidants. Water vapor transmission
rate (WVTR) of film samples was performed at 33% and 54% relative humidity
(RH) at 25±1°C. WVTR of cassava starch-CMC films increased with addition of
antioxidants. WVTR of cassava starch-CMC films containing antioxidant at 54%
RH were higher than WVTR of films at 33% RH.
Published in International Conference and Exhibition InnoBioplast 2010, September
9-11, 2010, Bangkok, Thailand.
91
EFFECT OF NaOH CONCENTRATION ON SORPTION ISOTHERM
OF CARBOXYMETHYL RICE STARCH FILMS AND PREDITION MODELS
Pornchai Rachtanapun1 and Wirongrong Tongdeesoontorn2
1
Division of Packaging Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University Chiang
Mai, Thailand.
2
Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
The effect of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration on the sorption isotherm of carboxymethyl rice starch (CMSr) films was investigated. The knowledge
of sorption isotherms is also important for predicting moisture sorption properties of films via empirical models. The moisture sorption isotherm of CMSr films
synthesized with various NaOH concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 % w/v) were
studied at various relative humidities (16, 35, 55 and 76.3% RH), at 25±1°C. The
equilibrium moisture content of the films dramatically increased above aw = 0.6.
Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (GAB), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Oswin
sorption models were fitted to the experimental data. The results showed that
increasing NaOH concentration caused an increase in the monolayer water content
(M0) of films. The GAB model was found to be the best-fit model for CMSr films
at aw 0.16-0.76, 25±1°C.
Published in The 1st National Rice Research Conference “Moving Rice Research Towards
Innovation” Kasetsart University, Bangkhan, Bangkok, Thailand.December 14-16, 2010.
92
EFFECT OF PLASMA TREATMENT ON HYDROPHOBICITY
AND BARRIER PROPERTIES OF POLYLACTIC ACID
Chanokporn Chaiwong1,2, Pornchai Rachtanapun3, Panchat Wongchaiya1,
Rafael Auras4 and Dheerawan Boonyawan1,2
1
Plasma and Beam Physics Research Facility, Department of Physics and Materials Science,
Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
2
ThEP Centre, 328 Sri Ayuddhaya Rd., Bangkok 14000, Thailand.
3
4
School of Packaging, Michigan State University, MI, United States, USA.
ABSTRACT
In this work, we investigated the influence of SF6 plasma generated by an
inductively coupled discharge on the hydrophobicity and barrier properties of poly
(lactic acid), PLA. It was found that SF6 plasma enhanced the hydrophobicity of
PLA as observed in the increase of the water contact angle. Water absorption time
of the plasma-treated PLA was two-fold increased. However, the plasma treatment did not have significant influence on water vapor permeability of PLA. The
differential scanning calorimetry results revealed that the bulk structure which
controls transportation property of PLA remained unchanged after plasma treatment. Atomic force microscopy showed topographical modification after plasma
treatment. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed the bounding of fluorines in the
PLA structure, which leads to the increase in hydrophobicity of PLA.
Published in Surface and Coatings Technology, 204, 2933-2939.
93
EFFECT OF SULPHUR HEXAFLUORIDE (SF6) PLASMA
ON HYDROXPHOBICITY OF METHYL CELLULOSE FILM
Pornchai Rachtanapun1,2, Panchat Wongchaiya1 and Dheerawan Boonyawan3,4
1
2
Posthavest Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
3
4
Chiang Mai, and ThEP Center, CHE, 328 Si Ayutthaya Rd., Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
Effect of plasma treatments (power, pressure and treatment time) on
hydrophobicity (contact angle and water absorption time) and sorption isotherm of
methylcellulose (MC) film using sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) were investigated. MC
film specimens were precondition in desiccators containing silica gel at 25±2°C
for 48 h. MC film specimens were plasma treated by an inductivity coupled plasma
discharged (ICP) at 13.56 MHz with operating powers (25-75 W) and gas pressures
(20-200 mTorr). The treatment times (10-300 second). Hydrophobicity of treated
methylcellulose film outstandingly increased. The best plasma treatment condition was power 50 W and 100 mTorr. The treated MC film had higher contact
angle and water absorption time than untreated sample at all operated treatment
times; contact angle was increased up to 56-80°. These results were corresponding to sorption isotherm. The treated film was absorbed moisture higher
than untreated film.
94
Published in Advanced Materials Research, 93-94, 214-218.
EFFECT OF UREA FORMALDEHYDE ON PHYSICAL
AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PARTICLEBOARD
FROM COFFEE WASTE
Pornchai Rachtanapun, Teerarat Sattayarak and Nisachon Katsamak
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research is to manufacture particleboard by using the
coffee waste as the raw material. The main parameter was investigated namely
quantity of urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesive (11, 14.5, 18 and 25%w/w coffee waste).
The coffee waste was blended with the UF, then hot-pressed at 140°C and cooled
down to room temperature within 8 minutes. The particleboards were tested to
certify their properties with Thai industrial standards (TIS 876-2004). The density,
moisture content, modulus of rapture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of
the sample increased but water absorption decreased with increasing quantity of the
UF adhesive. The sample with UF adhesive above 18% were met to the standards
(TIS 876-2004).
Published in The Sixth Thailand Materials Science and Technology Conference, Miracle
Grand Hotel, Bangkok, Thailand, August 26-26, 2010.
95
FLUORINATED DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON COATING ON POLYLACTIC ACID
FILM PREPARED BY PLASMA-ENHANCED CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION
Dheerawan Boonyawan1, Chanokporn Chaiwong1, Somruthai Tunma2
and Pornchai Rachtanapun3
1
Department of Physics and Materials Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand.
2
Plasma and Beam Physics Research Facility, Department of Physics & Materials Science,
3
ABSTRACT
Biodegradable film like Poly(lactic acid), PLA has nowadays come to biomedical and food applications with the key role of antibacterial property. This study
introduced F-DLC coatings on PLA film by 13.56 MHz PECVD. Acetylene (C2H2)
and carbon tetrafluoride (CF4) gas mixture was utilized for film formation. A 32
µm PLA film was pre-activated by argon plasma to perform C-C firs layer and/or
C-F bondings. The deposition rate was found to decrease with increasing CF4 due
to reactive fluorine ion over carbon. F-DLC thickness measured by an ellipsometer
revealed coating thickness of 150-500 nm and roughness of 10-15 ±2 nm with
CF4 concentration reduced from 50 to 10 vol.%. The surface energy was found to
reduce with increasing fluorine content. By the colony-counting method, it was
found that enriched fluorine film reduced E. coli colonies down to 9%. Others
measuring results and discussions will be performed and reported.
Published in Twelfth International Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering, September
13-17, 2010, in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.
96
INNOVATION MANAGEMENT THE NEW APPROACH
FOR SMALL MEDIUM ENTERPRISE (SME)
Nophadon Luangpirom1 and Pornchai Rachtanapun2
1
Faculty of Management Science, Silpakorn University, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai
50200, Thailand.
2
ABSTRACT
Innovation management has been drastically changed in the past 50 years,
especially in concept and practices. This research was the exploratory research
aimed to develop the innovative capability model of the researcher and find out
the factors that affected the innovative capability of the researcher. The research
methodology, utilizing the multiple approaches: literature and documents were
analyzed for conceptualization; in-depth interview was conducted with senior
managements of the innovation organization; statistical analysis using questionnaire to evaluate the feed back from the general researchers i.e. reliability test,
validity test, factor analysis, correlation and multiple regression. The finding from
the qualitative research revealed the five innovation management concepts including innovation management as invention management, innovation management
as technology management, innovation management as marketing management,
innovation management as knowledge management and innovation management
as chain-link management which had emphasized innovative resources (financial
capital, human capital, physical capital and social capital) and innovation management elements in different ways. However, the finding from quantitative research
showed and confirmed that all innovative resources and innovation management
elements affected the innovative capability of the SME. The findings from both
qualitative research and quantitative research, implied that innovation management is no longer conceived as the discrete event arising from isolated individuals
but rather considered as interactive process which involving not only tangible
assets: financial capital, human capital, physical capital (infrastructure i.e. research
institute, science park etc.) but also intangible assets called social capital. Social
capital especially “bridging social capital” plays an important role in enhancing
and stimulating the innovative capability of the researchers in exchanging and
transferring tacit knowledge which is unexplainable by the previous theory of
innovation. The research in this area is scanty and needed to be developed for
further progression in innovation management theory and its application for both
general innovation management and policy decision making.
Published in the 1st National Conference on Entrepreneurship and Innovation, December
2-3, 2010, The Far Eastern University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
97
MORPHOLOGY, PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
OF QUEEN PINEAPPLE FRUIT
Quyen Dang Thi Mong1,2, Hai Le Ha1
and Pornchai Rachtanapun1,3
1
Postharvest Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
3
Division of Packaging Technology, Faculty of Ago-Industry, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
2
ABSTRACT
The commercial harvesting of Queen Pineapple (Ananas comosus cv. Phu
lae) fruits was evaluated on morphology (fruit weight, size, fruitlet and shape),
physical properties (ripening stages, flesh colour as follow: L*, a*, and b* value),
chemical properties (total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), and pH). The
results showed that the average of fruit weight was 160.0 g. The fruit width and
length were 64.58 mm. and 61.26 mm respectively. The numbers of fruitlet (eyes)
were between 37-61 fruitlet/ fruit. The fruit shape was spherical. The ripening
stages were 3-4 days. The lightness (L* value), a* and b* value were 64.40, 9.72
and 36.54, respectively. The chemical properties were 12.39% Brix for TSS, 0.63
mg/100 mg for TA, and 3.15 for pH, respectively.
Published in the Proceeding of 7th International Pineapple Symposium 2010, Convention
Center, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia, July 13-15, 2010.
98
PREDICTION MODELS FOR MOISTURE SORPTION ISOTHERMS
OF SOY PROTIEN ISOLATE/CARBOXYMETHYL CHITOSAN BLEND FILMS
Pornchai Rachtanapun1,2 and Rungsiri Suriyatem1
1
2
Materials Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai
50100, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
The soy protein isolate/carboxymethyl chitosan (SPI/CMCH) blend films incorporated by glycerol were prepared by solution casting. The effect of SPI and CMCH
ratio (100:0, 88:12, 67:33, 50:50, 33:67, 12:88, 0:100) on water sorption isotherm
was investigated. The moisture sorption isotherms of SPI/CMCH blend films were
determined at various relative humidity (16, 35, 55 and 76% RH), at 25±1°C. The
isotherms revealed that equilibrium moisture content (%EMC) of SPI/CMCH blend
films increased with the increase of the CMCH content, and water content sharply
increased above aw = 0.55. Understanding of sorption isotherms is an importance
for prediction of moisture sorption properties of films via moisture sorption empirical models. Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (GAB), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller
(BET) and Oswin sorption models were tested to fit the experimental data. The
r2 of all models were similar in the range of 0.906-0.954. The root mean squares
(RMS) of GAB, BET and Oswin were in the range of 52.52-95.95, 38.85-58.30 and
698.54-1557.54, respectively. Therefore, BET model was found to be the betterfitted model for SPI/CMCH blend films at 25±1°C.
Published in International Conference on Agriculture and Agro-Industry (ICAAI2010),
Food, Health and Trade, 19-20 November 2010, Mea Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.
99
PREDICTION MODELS FOR SHELF LIFE OF PUMPKIN CRACKERS
IN DIFFERENT PACKAGES BASED ON ITS MOISTURE CONTENT
Pornchai Rachtanapun, Nantaporn Kumsuk, Kasame Thipo
and Panicha Lorwatcharasupaporn
ABSTRACT
The effect of moisture content on shelf life of pumpkin crackers in four
types of packages [high density polyethylene (HDPE), oriented polypropylene
(OPP), polyvinilidine chloride (PVDC) and metallized aluminum pouches] was
investigated. Since using a sensory test for shelf life determination is costly, our
model was developed to predict this quantity. Samples were placed in different
percentages of relative humidity (35.5, 44.5, 65.1, 76.4 and 79%) to study their
moisture adsorption behavior. The sorption isotherm curve was used to determine
critical moisture content (Mc) and the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of the
pouches was measured. The standard models (constant, linear, middle point, log and
Guggenhein-Anderson-de Boer (GAB) model) were tested for shelf life prediction
accuracy. The most suitable model for pumpkin crackers was the middle point
model which had a discrepancy between the shelf life of the pumpkin crackers in
the HDPE sensory test and the model of less than 8.7%.
Published in Chiang Mai Journal of Science, 37(3), 1-11.
100
STUDY OF CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE FROM PAPAYA PEELS
AS BINDER IN CERAMICS
Pornchai Rachtanapun1, Sukum Eitssayeam2 and Kamonpan Pengpat2
1
2
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
Effects of carboxymethyl cellulose from papaya peel (CMCp) on the properties
of ceramics were investigated. Cellulose was extracted from papaya peels by NaOH
and then it was modified by chloro acetic acid to obtain carboxymethyl cellulose.
The prepared CMCp was applied as a binder in ceramic slip in order to increase
its viscosity. Sodium silicate was also added into the slip for providing a dispersion
of slip and protecting the sedimentation of clay particles. Various concentrations
of CMCp and commercial CMC (CMCc) (0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 and 0.25% w/w of
dry weight of clays) were added into the slip. Effect of CMC on viscosity of the
slip and the ceramic density were studied. The relationship between the ceramic
properties such as, shrinkage, porosity, casting rate and bending strength (both
green strength and fired strength), and CMC concentration was also observed. As
increasing both CMCp and CMCc, viscosity increased while density decreased. The
prepared ceramics (green ware and fired ware) added with CMCp were found to
have higher strength and lower in %shrinkage than that of adding with CMCc.
The thickness of the ceramic wall adding CMCc increased with increasing CMCc
concentration, and time in contrast to that of CMCp as the thickness decreased
with increasing CMCp concentration. However, the ceramics with addition of CMCp
possessed higher strength than that of the commercial one.
Published in Advanced Materials Research, 93-94, 17-21.
101
SURFACE MODIFICATION AND PERMEABILITY ANALYTICAL STUDIES
OF POLYLACTIC ACID INCUCED BY HMDSO-PLASMA
Chanokporn Chaiwong1, Pornchai Rachtanapun2, Somrutai Tunma3,
Rafael Auras4 and Dheerawan Boonyawan1
1
Department of Physics and Materials Science, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
3
Plasma and Beam Physics Research Facility, Department of Physics & Materials Science,
4
School of Packaging, Michigan State University, MI, United States, USA.
2
ABSTRACT
Poly (lactic acid), PLA, has been increasingly used in packaging industry
due to its biodegradability and attractive mechanical properties. In this work, we
investigated the influence of hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) plasma generated by
an inductively-coupled discharge on the structural and barrier properties of PLA.
It was found that HMDSO plasma enhanced the hydrophobicity of PLA as observed
in the increase of the water contact angle. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
(EDX) showed the incorporation of silicon (Si) on the surface of PLA. Atomic force
microscopy (AFM) revealed topographical modification after the plasma treatment.
Elemental analysis of the surface using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
(FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were performed to affirm the
bonding of Si onto the surface structure of PLA. Water vapour permeability of
PLA was studied in correlation with surface modification induced by the plasma
treatment that could affect the transport properties.
Published in Twelfth International Conference on Plasma Surface Engineering, September
13-17, 2010, in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.
102
A Box-splitting Strategy of Interval Newton Method
for Finding All DC Solutions of BJT Circuits
Sermsak Uatrongjit
Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
ABSTRACT
The interval Newton (IN) method is one of the methods which are capable
of finding all solutions of a system of nonlinear equations. Many approaches have
been proposed to improve the efficiency of the method when applying to problem
of finding all direct current (DC) solutions of nonlinear circuits. The IN method
consists of many steps, one of them is the box-splitting. This is usually performed
by splitting the box in some appropriately chosen coordinate direction to form two
new smaller boxes. In this paper, a simple box-splitting strategy is proposed when
the IN method is applied to find all DC solutions of a circuit whose nonlinear elements are only diodes and bipolar junction transistors. The idea is to employ the
voltage-current characteristic of diode to find the appropriate splitting point. The
proposed technique has been implemented using C-XSC toolbox. Its performance
is evaluated by testing with some test nonlinear circuits. The results indicate that
the proposed technique can reduce the number of search boxes and improve the
computation time.
Published in ECTI-Con 2010, May 19-21, 2010.
103
A Combustion Aerosol Generator
for Submicron Aerosol Production
Artit Yawootti, Panich Intra and Nakorn Tippayawong
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
ABSTRACT
A combustion aerosol generator (CAG) for the production of submicron
aerosol particles was developed and experimentally studied in this study. Polydisperse aerosols are generated by a laminar diffusion burner with paraffin fuel in
the nominal “pre-sooting” condition. The sample particles from the generator were
characterized by the scanning electron microscope (SEM), the energy dispersive
spectroscopy (EDS), and the long electrical mobility spectrometer (LEMS) for
morphology, chemical composition, and particle number concentration and size
distribution, respectively. It was found from the SEM image that a large portion
of the particles were non-spherical and were agglomerated. Polydisperse aerosols
with particle number concentrations of approximately 1014 particles/m3 were
obtained. The average diameter of the generated particles obtained by the EMS is
in the range of approximately 10 nm to several hundred nanometers.
Published in the Proceeding on 3rd International Conference on Technology and Innovation for Sustainable Development, Nong Khai, Thailand, 2010.
104
A particle swarm optimization
for wind energy control problem
C. Kongnam1 and S. Nuchprayoon2
1
Department of Electrical Maintenance, Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand,
Nonthaburi 11130, Thailand.
2
ABSTRACT
The control problem of a wind turbine involves the determination of rotor
speed and tip-speed ratio to maximize power and energy capture from the wind.
The problem can be formulated as a nonlinear programming problem with the
annual energy generation as the objective function. The wind speed distribution is
modeled as the Weibull distribution. The Weibull shape and scale parameters are
assigned to be stochastic in response to limited wind data and variability nature
of the wind. It is proposed to apply particle swarm optimization to solve for optimum rotor speed under fixed-speed operation and optimum tip-speed ratio under
variable-speed operation. The optimum rotor speed varies with the wind speed
distribution, while the optimum tip-speed ratio does not depend on the wind speed
distribution. It can be concluded from the simulation results that both the wind
power and energy are more dependent of the Weibull scale parameter than the
Weibull shape parameter. This implies that the wind power and energy are more
dependent of the mean wind speed than the speed distribution.
Key words: Electric power generation; Nonlinear programming; Particle swarm
optimization; Wind energy
Published in Renewable Energy Volume 35, Issue 11, November 2010, Pages 2431-2438
doi:10.1016/j.renene.2010.02.020.
105
A STUDY ON THE FEASIBILITY OF ZERO-EMISSIONS AIR TRANSPORT
Asit Apornsupavit1 and Matthew Cole2
1
International Program Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chiang Mai University,
2
ABSTRACT
Hydrogen fuel has good potential due to its high energy content per unit
weight and carbon-free waste gases. The use of hydrogen fuel has already been
proposed for air transport applications including, Auxiliary Power Units with fuel
cells for onboard power, distributed power units for Inter-City aircraft with fuel
cell propulsion and Ramjets for hypersonic airliners. However there are many
technical, financial and political obstacles that must be overcome to make these
concepts a reality. This paper examines the main challenges and potential barriers
to the adoption of hydrogen as the main fuel in aviation and evaluates the possible
contribution to the global transition from hydrocarbon energy towards the low
carbon emissions era.
Key words: Zero emissions, Air Transport, Hydrogen power, Fuel cell, Ram Air
Turbine, Auxiliary Power Units, Inter-City aircraft, Hypersonic airliners
Published in the Proceedings of the 5th Academic Days “Research Path: The Fifth Decade
Towards a University of Excellence” pp.279, Chiang Mai, Thailand, November 2009.
106
A Wide-Band Bandpass Filter Using a Novel Embedded
Short-Circuited Stub Resonator
D. Singwong1 and N. Siripon2
ABSTRACT
This paper presents a wideband bandpass filter using an embedded shortcircuited stub resonator. The resonator consists of a short-circuited stub placed
inside the close-loop ring resonator functioning as the parallel circuits of inductor
and capacitor. Therefore, its resonant frequency depends on loop dimension and the
length of the stub. From the experiment, the resonator cell provides low return
loss, sharp band rejection and the circuit size is much smaller than a quarter
of wavelength. Then, the simple bandpass filter was designed at 2 GHz by using
these resonators. It is found that the filter gives a fractional bandwidth (FBW) of
more than 66% measured at the return loss of 20 dB and the insertion loss of
less than 1 dB. Moreover, the measurement results are in good agreement with
the simulation results.
Index Terms: Bandpass Filter (BPF), Microstrip, Short stub, Embedded ShortCircuited Stub Resonator.
Published in Proceedings of Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference 2010.
107
ACOUSTIC-BASED SIGNAL TRANSMISSION
FOR MANGOSTEEN INTERNAL QUALITY MEASURES
Nattapong Swangmuang1, Kasemsak Uthaichana1, Hideyuki Sawada2
and Nipon Theera-Umpon1
1
Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
2
Intelligent Mechanical Systems Engineering Department, Kagawa University, Takamatsu,
Kagawa 761-0396 Japan.
ABSTRACT
This research investigates an efficient and non-destructive method based on an
acoustic response of a signal, aiming to classify internal condition of mangosteens
at low cost. In the research, the experiment of acoustic signal transmission is conducted. Acoustic signals at frequencies between 500 to 2,500 Hz are transmitted
through mangosteens of different conditions. The response signals are collected on
the other side of the mangosteens and analyzed. Further signal processing techniques, including frequency spectrum response, normalization, first difference, and
principle component analysis, are applied in this study. The justification whether
this method could supplement other methods in distinguishing mangosteen’s qualities is set forth in this study. In the small set of experimental results conducted in
this study, it shows that the low-cost acoustic response technique is promising.
Published in the Proceedings on the CMU-KU 3rd Joint Symposium, pp 32-34, Chiang
Mai, Thailand, August 2010.
108
An Interior Point Method for WLAV State Estimation
of Power System with UPFCs
Chawasak Rakpenthai1, Suttichai Premrudeepreechacharn2,
Sermsak Uatrongjit2, and Neville R. Watson3
1
Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering, Naresuan University Phayao,
Phayao 56000, Thailand.
2
3
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch,
New Zealand.
ABSTRACT
This paper presents a robust state estimator for power system containing
unified power flow controller. The estimation problem is formulated as an optimization problem using weighted least absolute value criteria, with a set of equality
and inequality constraints. The interior point optimization method is applied to
primal and dual formulation in order to solve this problem. Some details of the
algorithm, i.e. initialization, step size selection, are also described. The modified
IEEE 14- and 118-bus systems are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the
proposed algorithm. The simulation results indicate that the method yields a
good state estimate of the system states for a large scale power system with many
UPFCs.
Published in International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, Volume 32,
Issue 6, July 2010, Pages 671-677.
109
ANALYSIS OF BATTERY USING MICROCONTROLLER
Apichart Chotchuen and Sumpun Chaitep
ABSTRACT
This research project aims to design, build and test analysis to find out the
most appropriate procedure in the charging battery using microcontroller. The
set test for charging battery includes the DC supply, 12V/21.6AH battery and the
control set. This research study the impact of time in charging battery by changing
the charge voltage at 14V, 14.5V and 15V, the discharge voltage at 9.5V, 9.7V, 9.9V,
10.0V, 10.1V, 10.3V, 10.5V, 10.7V, 10.9V, 11.0V, 11.1V, 11.3V, 11.5V, 11.7V and 11.9V
and the charge current 5A, 7A, 10A and 20A respectively.
Results from the study found that the charging battery by using 15V charge
voltage in 11.9V discharge voltage and charge current 20A take the least time.
Whereas the charging battery by using 14V charge voltage in 9.5V discharge voltage and charge current 5A take the most time. Factors affecting to the time in
charging the battery, according to the most responsive property is the discharge
voltage, the charge voltage and the charge current, respectively.
Published in the proceedings of The 9th Conference on Energy, Heat and Mass Transfer
in Thermal Equipment and Process. Prachuabkirikhan, 2010.
110
ANALYSIS OF DIESEL ENGINE PERFORMANCE
WITH MAYAOHIN AS A FUEL
Vorapoj Pothacharoen1, Kanyaporn Chaiwong1, Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat2,
Kitipong Nakpakdee3 and Natthawud Dussadee4
1
Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand.
2
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of
Technology Lanna, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
4
Energy Research Center, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50210, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
Mayaohin is one type of oil plant and It’s extracted oil could be used as fuel.
In this study, performance tast of a diesel engine with the Mayaohin oil in term of
Biodiesel and Emulsion compared with that diesel are carried out. The engine has
a capacity of 7.5 kW at 2200 rpm. It could br found that the engine power, the
tourqe and the fuel consumtion of the engine for the Bio-diesel and Emulsified
oil are close to that for the diesel. For emission analysis, the emulsified oil gives
the best solution followed by the diesel and Bio-diesel
Key words: Mayaohin, Bio-diesel, Diesel engine, Emulsified oil
111
Analytical discussions on species extinction
in competitive communities due to habitat destruction
Radom Pongvuthithuma1 and Chulin Likasirib2
1
2
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand.
ABSTRACT
An improvement of a metapopulation model is developed and used to
analyze the behaviors of abundant and extinct species in the system analytically.
By approximating the direct effect rate of habitat destructions on individual species
using differentiable functions, the model enables us to discuss the equilibrium and
stability of the system. Special cases of the habitat destruction functions, constant,
piecewise linear, exponential and periodic functions, are discussed analytically and
numerically. The conditions for system stability are also given.
Key words: Species extinction; Habitat destruction; Habitat model; Equilibrium
analysis
Published in Ecological Modelling Volume 221, Issue 22, 10 November 2010, Pages
2634-2641.
112
Application of Indirect X-Ray Detector
by using Contact Image Sensor couple with Field
Programmable Gate Array and Mini-CT
Kittinan Noimanee, Suranan Noimanee, Chuchart Pintavirooj
and Manas Sangworasil
Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
Abstract
This research is the application of indirect x-ray detector by using contact
image sensor (CIS), which use field programmable gate array (FPGA) for generate
control signal to contact image sensor. The Mini CT is used for x-ray generate to
test the indirect x-ray detector with the standard phantom for receive the resolution of contact image sensor (10 line pair per inch). In addition, this research
test vary object for receive the x-ray image such as fork, electronic circuit, bone,
etc. The whole system can control by computer, which can display x-ray image
that sent from field programmable gate array. In the future this research can be
developing the x-ray trigger, which can receive x-ray image automatically. This
research will be the prototypes for indirect x-ray detector, which can be develop
to the medical instrument.
Key word: Indirect X-ray Detector, Contact Image Sensor (CIS), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), Mini CT.
Published in the proceedings of the 3rd Joint International Information & Communication Technology, Electronic and Electrical Engineering (JICTEE 2010), Luangeprabang, Lao
PDR. December 22-24, 2010. Pp. 20-24.
113
Application of Remote Devices Vital-Signs to be Included
Telemedicine Mobile Table on WiMAX Network
Suranan Noimanee
ABSTRACT
The project aimed to research develop of wireless broadband network for
medical applications Medical Center, Prince Maha Chakri Sirindhorn’s, HRH
Princess Sirindhorn. Amphor Ongklaruck, Nakhon Nayok Province. This project is integrating other sciences. Biomedical engineering, Telecommunications
Engineering. Electronic Engineering. Computing technology. Includes both direct
medical and so on. When work on this project after the completion of phase 1,
then. Have to focus on medical care, community living around the area radius of
the radio wave propagation in the district that spreads to the 2500 MHz range in
Thailand by the standard of broadband wireless technology. This project involved
4 Subprojects, namely:
Subproject I: Development of Multi Patient Monitoring on WiMAX Technology Around MSMC
Subproject II: Medical Information Application for Medical Image Data in
MSMC
Subproject III:Primary Health Care Mobile Doctor around MSMC
The works have been conducted by 23 academic staff of whom 11 are older
generations, 8 are younger generations, 2 MS students (2 graduated in this period)
and 1 BS student (1 graduated in this period).
The resulted in medical service to the community surrounding the medical
center and around the Health Center, both ongoing. There are 3 papers also works
published in international proceedings, 1 paper in national proceeding various
impacts have been produced by the project.
Key word: WiMAX, wireless broadband network, HRH Princess Sirindhorn hospital
center
Published in ECTI E-Magazine Vol.4, Issue 3, July-September 2010.
114
APPLICATIONS OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT TO SUSTAINABLE IDEA
Sate Sampattagul
abstract
Governments around the world are introducing regulations and co-regulatory
schemes that are prompting businesses to take action on becoming more sustainable and implement Life Cycle Assessment: LCA (eg. Europe-End of Life Directives
for Vehicles and Electronic Equipment, Japan-Law for the Life Cycle Economy,
Australia-National Packaging Covenant and proposals for similar co-regulatory
schemes for TVs and Computer. Many people have never heard the term of LCA
in which is a relatively new approach that brings together different elements of
practices that have been used in businesses around the world for decades. LCA
grew out of the application of business efficiency and life cycle. In this paper, we
would like to share the learnings from our experiences across all aspects of Life
Cycle Assessment for generating new idea of sustainability.
Key words: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
115
Appraisal of Appropriate Combustion Air
in a Pulverized Coal-fired Boiler
Piriya Thongchiew and Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat
ABSTRACT
This objective of this study is to find out the appropriate combustion air in
a pulverized coalfired boiler using lignite as fuel at Mae Moh Power Plant. Since
the coal property has a wide range quality, therefore, the existing conventional
combustion air control system could not completely response to the unstable
combustion condition which causes high ash deformation in the boiler and high
energy losses. The study was carried out by collecting the boiler operation data
from the real-time plant database and analyzing the coal properties. It was found
that the coal components and the coal heating value had a linear relation. The
correlation was used to estimate the theoretical air by means of the combustion
equations. The results of new combustion air were adjusted in the actual practice
to operate the boiler at its designed condition. The final results were taken to
create the combustion air control diagram for boiler operators to keep the boiler
operate at high reliable performance and high efficiency.
Published in the Engineering Journal.CMU.[2010] 17 (1),60-71.
116
ARSENIC, CHROMIUM, AND COPPER LEACHING FROM CCA-TREATED WOOD
AND THEIR POTENTIAL IMPACTS ON LANDFILL LEACHATE
IN A TROPICAL COUNTRY
Somjai Karnchanawong1 and Chuleeporn Veerakajohnsak2
1
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering/National, Centre of
Excellence for Environmental and Hazardous Waste Management (NCE-EHWM), Chiang Mai
2
National Centre ofExcellence for Environmental and Hazardous Waste Management (NCEEHWM), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
This study looks into the potential risks of arsenic, chromium, and copper
leaching from disposed hardwoods treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA)
in a tropical climate. The Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) and
the Waste Extraction Test (WET) were employed to examine new CCA-treated Burseraceae and Keruing woods, weathered CCA-treated teak wood, and ash from new
CCA-treated Burseraceae wood. In addition, a total of six lysimeters, measuring 2
m high and 203 mm in diameter were prepared to compare the leachate generated
from the wood monofills, construction and demolition (C&D) debris landfills and
municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills, containing CCA-treated Burseraceae wood.
The TCLP and WET results showed that the CCA-treated Burseraceae wood leached
higher metal concentrations (i.e. 9.19-17.70 mg/L, 1.14-5.89 mg/L and 4.83-23.89
mg/L for arsenic, chromium, and copper, respectively) than the CCA-treated Keruing wood (i.e. 1.74-11.34 mg/L, 0.26-3.57 mg/L and 0.82-13.64 mg/L for arsenic,
chromium and copper, respectively). Ash from the CCA-treated Burseraceae wood
leached significantly higher metal concentrations (i.e. 108.5-116.9 mg/L, 15223862 mg/L and 84.03-114.4 mg/L for arsenic, chromium and copper, respectively),
making this type of ash of high concern. The lysimeter study results showed that
the MSW lysimeter exhibited higher reducing conditions, more biological activities and more dissolved ions in their leachates than the wood monofill and C&D
debris lysimeters. All leachates generated from the lysimeters containing the CCAtreated Burseraceae wood contained significantly higher concentrations of arsenic
in comparison to those of the untreated wood: in the range of 0.53-15.7 mg/L. It
can be concluded that the disposal of CCA-treated Burseraceae wood in an unlined
C&D landfill or a MSW landfill has the potential to contaminate groundwater.
Key words: leaching test; CCA-treated hardwood; arsenic; chromium; copper
Published in Environmental Technology, Vol. 31, No. 4, 1 April 2010, 381-394.
117
Assessment of Lubricating Oil Degradation
in Small Motorcycle Engine Fueled with Gasohol
Nakorn Tippayawong and Pongpan Sooksarn
ABSTRACT
Assessment of the degradation of lubricating oil was performed on the lubricant which had been used in a small motorcycle engine fueled with gasohol in
comparison with that run by normal gasoline. The lubricant properties examined
in the assessment were lubricating capacity, viscosity and stability to oxidation.
Lubricating capacity was evaluated by accelerated wear test on the Timken tester.
Lubricating oils from gasohol-run engine appeared to produce about 10% greater
wear than that made in oils from gasoline-run engine. There was no significant
difference between the effect of gasohol and gasoline on the viscosity of the used
lubricating oils. Moreover, no oxidation products in any used oil samples could
be detected.
Published in Maejo International Journal of Science & Technology, Vol. 4 n. 2, pp. 201209, 2010.
118
BIO-ETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM POTATO WASTE
Thanaporn Ngarmprapasom1 and Sumpun Chaitep2
1
Division of Energy Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai
50200, Thailand.
2
Division of Agricultural Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
ABSTRACT
Possibility of bio-ethanol production from potato waste was investigated. The
optimum process was determined by comparing 2 sizes of potato (Atlantic variety),
i.e., sliced potato and mashed potato. These 2 sizes of potatoes were then boiled
for 30 minutes before added with α- amylase enzyme and glucoamylase. Two varieties of powder active yeast of the Saccharomyces cerevisea, i.e., Fermivin and
V1118 were inoculated and fermented at 25 30 and 35°C for 4 days. The result
show that the optimum condition was using mashed potato with Fermivin yeast
and fermentation at 30°C after fermentation in fermented tank for 3 days, output
product was alcohol content of 7.20% (v/v).
Published in the Proceedings of The 9th Conference on Energy, Heat and Mass Transfer
119
Biogas Production from Animal Waste Using Hybrid Reactor
Aekarin Inpramoon, Rotsukon Jawana, Phruk Aukkarungsri
and Nakorn Tippayawong
ABSTRACT
Biogas from anaerobic digestion of organic materials is a main source of
renewable energy in Greater Mekong Subregion. In this study, a hybrid reactor
(an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket, UASB, reactor combined with an anaerobic
filter reactor) was used. Wastewater from pig farm at 2% total solid was used as
feedstock. Experiments were undertaken in two 40 L reactors to compare biogas
yields and methane content. The first reactor was UASB, and the second reactor
was hybrid reactor. The hybrid reactor has bioball as supporting media filled up to
a third of its reactor height. Hydraulic retention times (HRT) used were two and
four days. Upflow feeding velocity was controlled at 0.5 m/hr. It was found that
HRT of 4 days gave maximum biogas production rate of 17.5 and 21.5 L/day at
an average methane content of 76.2% for the UASB, and the hybrid, respectively.
The hybrid reactor appeared to give higher efficiency than the UASB.
Published in the Proceeding on GMSTEC 2010: International Conference for a Sustainable Greater Mekong Subregion, Bangkok, Thailand, 2010.
120
Biogas Quality Upgrade by Simultaneous Removal
of CO2 and H2S in a Packed Column Reactor
N. Tippayawong and P. Thanompongchart
ABSTRACT
Biogas from anaerobic digestion of biological wastes is a renewable energy
resource. It has been used to provide heat, shaft power and electricity. Typical
biogas contains 50-65% methane (CH4), 30-45% carbon dioxide (CO2), moisture
and traces of hydrogen sulphide (H2S). Presence of CO2 and H2S in biogas affects
engine performance adversely. Reducing CO2 and H2S content will significantly
improve quality of biogas. In this work, a method for biogas scrubbing and CH4
enrichment is presented. Chemical absorption of CO2 and H2S by aqueous solutions in a packed column was experimentally investigated. The aqueous solutions
employed were sodium hydroxide (NaOH), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and
mono-ethanolamine (MEA). Liquid solvents were circulated through the column,
contacting the biogas in countercurrent flow. Absorption characteristics were
examined. Test results revealed that the aqueous solutions used were effective in
reacting with CO2 in biogas (over 90% removal efficiency), creating CH4 enriched
fuel. H2S was removed to below the detection limit. Absorption capability was
transient in nature. Saturation was reached in about 50 min for Ca(OH)2, and 100
min for NaOH and MEA, respectively. With regular replacement or regeneration
of used solutions, upgraded biogas can be maintained. This technique proved to
be promising in upgrading biogas quality.
Published in Energy, Vol. 35 n. 12, pp. 4531-4535, 2010.
121
Chemical and physical properties
of rice straw waste and hospital sewage sludge
in turned windrow aeration system
Apisit Sancom1 and Khajornsak Sopajaree2
1
The Joint Graduate School of Energy and Environment, King Mongkut’s University of Technology, Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand.
2
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University,
Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
ABSTRACT
In this paper, we present the main goal of optimum quality ratio of cocomposting with rice straw waste and hospital sewage sludge. The experiments
were designed by varying the initial C/N ratio and moisture content in the range of
25-45 and 30-70% w/w., respectively. The results clearly showed that the losses of
Kjeldahl-N increased when the amounts of sludge in the mixtures were increased.
The highest carbon decomposition of 49% occurred in the system at a C/N ratio of
35 and 60% of moisture content, which coincided with high nitrogen content in
this treatment. In addition, heavy metals and pathogens had lower concentrations
than the maximum allowable for final compost for USEPA standards.
Key words: co-composting; rice straw waste; hospital sewage sludge; turned windrow
aeration; composting; carbon decomposition; moisture content; nitrogen content;
heavy metals; pathogens; USEPA standards.
Published in International Journal of Environment and Pollution 2010 - Vol. 42, No.1/2/3
pp. 125-135 DOI: 10.1504/IJEP.2010.034230.
122
COMPARISON OF COOLING SYSTEMS WITH CELLULOSE VERSUS GUNNYSACK USING EXCESS COOL WATER FROM ICE FACTORY
Insom Norkaew1 and Sumpun Chaitep2
1
Department of Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Enginerring, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
ABSTRACT
This research have purpose to compare capability and property between Cellulose and Gunnysack with exceed water from Ice Factory to control temperature
in Greenhouse. The Greenhouse made by 2x4x2 meter Plastic polypropylene. The
research experiment conditional were using water inlet at 10, 20°C at 1 m/s air
speed through wet media and 5 L/min of mass flow rate. At water inlet 10°C the
result found that: Cooling pad system can decrease temperature to 2-3°C at 90.96%
humidity but in same condition with Gunnysack can decrease temperature to
1-2°C at 86.67 %. At water inlet 20°C the result found that: Cooling pad system
can decrease temperature to 3-4°C at 88.54% humidity but in same condition
Gunnysack can decrease temperature to 1-2°C at 84.25%.
123
Continuous Biodiesel Production from Transesterification
of Jatropha Oil with Microwave Heating
Poramate Sittisun and Nakorn Tippayawong
ABSTRACT
Biodiesel (methyl or ethyl ester) is one of major renewable energy sources
in Thailand. Typically, biodiesel is produced by transesterification of vegetable
oils in a batch reactor, a process which is discontinuous and has low production
yield. This study was about laboratory scale, continuous biodiesel production
from jatropha oil by transesterification with microwave as a heat source. Sodium
methoxide was used as a catalyst at concentrations between 0.25-1.5 wt % oil, with
reaction time in microwave irradiation between 10-40 s and oil to methanol molar
ratio of 1:3-1:9, respectively. The biodiesel product was analyzed by a thin layer
chromatography technique with mobile phase hexane/ ethyl acetate/acetic acid of
90:10:1 by volume. Preliminary results showed that jatropha oil can be converted
to methyl ester (96.1%) within 30 s under oil/methanol molar ratio of 1:6 and
1.0% catalyst. The findings indicated that this method can offer alternative means
to produce biodiesel continuously.
124
Control Strategy for Biogas’s Continuous Stirred
Tank Reacto
Thanakron Paboug and Chatchawan Chaichana
ABSTRACT
This article presented the analysis of temperature reaction in a 1-cubic meter
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor used for biogas fermentation. The examination
was divided into 2 cases which are regulation problem caused by disturbance from
transferring lower-temperature mass into the tank and out of the tank and tracking
problem, based on 3 forms of control, these being: feedback control, feed forward
control, and combined feed forward - feedback control. The system was modeled
by using matlab program which maintained the temperature in the tank at 50°C
through the flow rate of constant hightemperature water that went through a
heat exchanger. The results of the regulation problem analysis showed that the
combined feed forward - feedback control produced a reaction to disturbance better than the feed forward control did alone, while the feedback control caused the
worst reaction. For the tracking DRC 44 problem, the experiment found that the
combined feed forward -feedback control and feedback control produced a similar
reaction to the change of controlled value, and the feed forward control showed
the best reaction for this case.
Key words: Biogas, Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor, Control
Published in the Proceeding on The 24th Conference of the Mechanical Engineering
Network of Thailand, October 20-22, 2010, Ubon Ratchathani.
125
Conversion of Bamboo into Glucose by Dilute Acid
and Enzymatic Hydrolysis
Nuttida Chanhom and Nakorn Tippayawong
ABSTRACT
Lignocellulosic biomass is an important alternative energy source to be utilized
for ethanol production. In this work, bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper Backer) was
used as biomass feedstock. A full grown bamboo with height over 7 m was used.
Pretreatment was carried out with dilute sulfuric acid at concentrations between
0.4-1.6% w/w, and residence time between 45-135 min at stable temperature of
140°C. Prehydrolyzate was later analyzed for total sugars by high performance
liquid chromatography. For the conditions considered, maximum xylose and glucose
yields were obtained from bamboo at 78.83 and 25.83 mg/ml, respectively. Water
insoluble solids obtained were hydrolysed with cellulase (Trichoderma reesei) and
β-glucosidase (Novozyme 188) for 72 h. It was found that increasing yield was
obtained with increasing acid concentration and residence time. In addition, the
effects of pretreatment severity and high consistency enzymatic hydrolysis greatly
increased the sugar concentrations after the hydrolysis.
126
Co-operational Optimization of Two Cascade
Hydropower Plants
Bounchon Soukchaleun and Thawan Sucharitakul
ABSTRACT
In this research, the co-operational optimization of two cascaded hydropower
plants in Lao PDR, Xeset1 and Xeset2, was investigated. For Xeset1, there are 5
units which are 2 units of 3.1 MW and 3 units of 13.1 MW. In case of Xeset2
hydro power plant, there are 2 units of 38 MW each, Xeset1 is located downstream
from Xeset2 along the Xeset River. The main constraints of the optimization were
the inflow of water into the dam and the vibration of each turbine unit. Since,
Xeset 1-2 hydro power plants are the run-of-river power plant, therefore, the
inflow of water equals to the outflow with no water storage in the reservoir. For
the vibration, the main source of vibration of turbine comes from the cavitations.
Therefore, the vibration of each turbine was measured at various water flow rate
and power output whil the head of water was kept constant. A computer programming was developed to find the optimum operation of each turbine unit to meet
the requirement of the highest power and efficiency at various inflows of water
while the vibration does not exceed the limit. The output of this research could
be applied to find out the most suitable operating condition of Xeset1 and Xeset2
hydro power plant.
Key words: Optimization, Hydraulic turbine, Turbine vibration, Turbine efficiency.
127
Design and Theoretical Investigation of a PM2.5 Impactor
for Airborne Particulate Matter Sampling
Panich Intra1, Artit Yawootti1, Usanee Vinitketkumnuen2
and Nakorn Tippayawong3
1
College of Integrated Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna,
2
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand.
3
ABSTRACT
PM2.5, called a particles less than 2.5 µm in diameter, suspended in the
air have adverse PM2effects on human health, air quality and visibility, as well as
processes in various industries. Its level of mass concentration is an important
parameter in evaluating the degree of hazard it poses to the atmosphere. In this
study, a PM2.5 impactor for airborne particulate matter sampling was designed
and theoretical investigated. The PM2.5 impactor design can be described as an
assembly of an acceleration nozzle and a flat plate, called an impaction plate. In
PM2.5 impactor, particles with sufficient inertia are unable to follow the streamlines
and will impact on the impaction plate. Smaller particles will follow the streamlines
and not be collected on the impaction plate. Analytical and numerical model were
developed to prediction of collection efficiency, fluid flow field and vector, and
particle trajectory in the PM2.5 impactor under various design parameters. The
modeling results suggest that an optimal operational domain exists for the PM2.5
impactor. Finally, a prototype of the PM2.5 impactor is planned to be constructed
and tested, based on the results of this model.
128
DESIGN OF LOW SPEED PERMANENT MAGNET GENERATOR
Wirat Nakkrongdee1, Nokorn Thonglek1 and Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat2
1
Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of
Technology Lanna, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
2
Mai, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
This paper describes a design of low speed permanent-magnet generator of
which the values of voltage, speed, magnetic force and number of coils in the stator
are given. In this study a unit at a speed of 600 rpm, 8 poles with the rating of 32
V 3A was designed and constructed. The value of the calculated voltages is close
to that of the measured data with a difference of 2.46% average. The constructed
model was tested it efficiency when there is a feed current of 3A at a speed of 600
rpm. The output voltage was 33.2 V and the efficiency was 60.4.
129
Development and Validation of a Battery Model Useful
for Discharging and Charging Power Control
and Lifetime Estimation
Vivek Agarwal1, Kasemsak Uthaichana2, Raymond A. DeCarlo3
and Lefteri H. Tsoukalas1
1
School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University, Indiana, USA.
3
School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, Indiana, USA.
2
ABSTRACT
Accurate information on battery state-of-charge, expected battery lifetime,
and expected battery cycle life is essential for many practical applications. In this
paper, we develop a nonchemically based partially linearized (in battery power)
input-output battery model, initially developed for lead-acid batteries in a hybrid
electric vehicle. We show that with properly tuned parameter values, the model
can be extended to different battery types, such as lithium-ion, nickel-metal hydride, and alkaline. The validation results of the model against measured data in
terms of power and efficiency at different temperatures are then presented. The
model is incorporated with the recovery effect for accurate lifetime estimation. The
obtained lifetime estimation results using the proposed model are similar to the
ones predicted by the Rakhmatov and Virudhula battery model on a given set of
typical loads at room temperature. A possible incorporation of the cycling effect,
which determines the battery cycle life, in terms of the maximum available energy
approximated at charge/discharge nominal power level is also suggested. The usage
of the proposed model is computationally inexpensive, hence implementable in
many applications, such as low-power system design, real-time energy management
in distributed sensor network, etc.
IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 25 (3), pp. 821-835. This work is supported
in part by TRF Research Fund.
130
Development of Drop-on-Demand Printer
for Rapid Prototyping Applications
Mana Saedan
ABSTRACT
There are several technologies introduced to rapid prototype research field.
The drop-on-demand printing is one of those technologies in which it is quite
new and promises to give lower owner cost than other technologies. Furthermore,
the ability to incorporate varieties of materials attracts researchers across the
field. However, the current commercialized machines are still expensive and very
limited in term of types of materials usage. In addition, they do not allow the use
of materials from other vendors beside their own. This inspired us to develop a
drop-on-demand printing machine from scratch. The report discusses the major
components developments include the print-head in which it is a key component
of the drop-on-demand printing system. Furthermore, the paper opens the idea of
material development that can be used in our machine. We hope our development
will extend the opportunity for advanced research that requires layer-by-layer such
as drug delivery devices, sensors and tissue scaffold.
Published in the Proceedings on The 24th Conference of the Mechanical Engineering
131
DEVELOPMENT OF DRYING KINETICS EQUATIONS OF BANANA SLICE
Jutharat Boonpanya and Siva Achariyaviriya
ABSTRACT
This research were to study effect of hot air drying and relative humidity
on drying rate and quality of dried sliced banana, and to develop drying kinetic
equation of slice banana. The banana(Musaaspientumlinn. Musaceae) was used in
this study. The sample size of 25-30 mm. in diameter and cut into 5 mm. thick.
Sample were dried in the thin layer dryer. The experiments were carried out at
constant air velocity of 2 m/s. ,drying air temperature of 50-70°C and relative humidity of 10-40 %. Two types of drying drying kinetic equations were employed for
this study: theoretical model and semi - theoretical model. The effective diffusion
coefficient and drying constant were determine by fitting the experimental data
to drying kinetic equation using least square method. The quality of product was
evaluated in term of color. The L*, a*, b* values of sample were measured after
drying. It was found that the quality of product was acceptable at drying temperature of 50-60°C and the kinetic model in term of polynomial equation provided the
best fit of the data. For the influence of drying conditions on drying rate of sliced
banana, it was found that the drying rates increased as the temperature increased
at a constant RH, and decreased as the RH increased at a constant temperature.
The effect of RH on the apparent moisture content was found that smaller than
that of temperature.
132
DEVELOPMENT OF MANGO WOOD-CARVING DRYING SYSTEM USING
HEAT EXCHANGER FROM BIOMASS FUEL
Chakkrawut Taecho1, Sumpun Chaithep2, Natthawud Dussadee3
and Thanes Chaichara3
1
Energy Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang
Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
2
Mai, Thailand.
3
Energy Research Center, Maejo University, Nongharn, Sansai, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
The objective of this research was developing of mango wood-carvings
drying system using heat exchanger from biomass fuel. There were 2 processes;
i.e., measurement thermal efficiency of the existing dry mango wood-carvings
plant, comparison to the performance of the designed and constructed another new
thermal dry mango woodcarvings plant. All 4 sides of wall and a roof are insulating sheet. This dry mango wood-carvings plant is was used water heat exchanging
techniques. Hot air was blown into drying room, and then some portion was be
recirculated. The smoke would be trapped before they release to the ambient air.
Capacity approximately 1,600 kg. per batch of drying. Measurement of thermal
efficiency and exhaust emission data between an existing plant compared to the
new one, showed with following improvements; thermal efficiency was increased
from 4.36% to 9.73% and carbon emissions was reduced from 4,282.56 ppm. to
only 10 ppm (decreased 99.76%).
Published in the Proceeding of The 9th Conference on Energy, Heat and Mass Transfer
133
Development of Monitoring and Control System Using
Distributed Embedded System Via Can Bus
Pongpol Prompa and Nipapon Siripon
Abstract
This paper presents the node monitoring and control system using distributed embeeded system and CAN bus. Each node adopts 8-bit microcontroller with
built-in CAN controller to function as a node’s controller. The CAN highter layer
protocol is developed to communicate the data among nodes with CAN’s baud rate
of 500 kbps and to handle node’s applications. The proposed system was tested
by the on-line car’s position monitoring system. It is found that the last car’s
position is reported in every period of 15-30 s via GPRS network. Furthermore,
more applications can be created by connecting the devices with the node-such
as temperature, humidity and pressure sensor to be the weather analyzer node.
Key words: CAN, Higher Layer Protocol, Distributed Embedded System.
Published in the proceeding of The 33rd Electrical Engineering Conference, 1-3 December
2010. Organized by KMITL, CMU, MUT.
134
Dilute Acid Pretreatment of Bamboo
for Fermentable Sugar Production
Wilaiwan Leenakul and Nakorn Tippayawong
ABSTRACT
Biochemical conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol provides a
sustainable energy production system. Bamboo is a fast growing woody grass that
has great potential to be used as a domestic feedstock for fuel ethanol production.
It consists of about 40% cellulose, and 27% hemicelluloses. In this investigation,
bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper) was pretreated with dilute sulfuric acid prior to
enzymatic hydrolysis process to produce fermentable sugars. The amount of dry
feedstock solid/liquid loading at 10% w/w was pretreated in an autoclave at different temperatures (120, 140°C) with different residence times (30, 60, 90 min)
and different sulfuric acid concentrations (0.6, 0.9, 1.2% w/w). Maximum glucose
and xylose yields were achieved at 140°C, 1.2% sulfuric acid concentration and
90 min. After enzymatic saccharification with cellulase and β-glucosidase at the
same pretreatment conditions, the yields of total reducing sugars were found to
be low (56 mg/g). On the other hand, the maximum yields of total reducing sugar
(85 mg/g) were obtained for the pretreatment conditions at 120°C, 1.2% sulfuric
acid concentration and 60 min. Within these conditions, increasing temperature,
residence time and acid concentration led to higher total sugar yields and cellulose
conversion rates.
Published in Journal of Sustainable Energy & Environment, Vol. 1 n. 3, pp. 117-120,
2010.
135
Domestic wastewater treatment by a constructed
wetland system planted with rice
S. Kantawanichkul and W. Duangjaisak
ABSTRACT
The experiments were conducted in four laboratory scale free water surface
constructed wetland units made of concrete with the dimensions of 1 m wide, 1.5
m long and 0.8 m deep. The paddy field soil was filled to a depth of 0.4 m and rice
seedlings (Oryza sativa L.) were transplanted into the constructed wetland unit at a
density of 25 plants/m2. The domestic wastewater from Chiang Mai University was
applied into each unit with two different modes to evaluate suitable conditions for
wastewater treatment and rice yield. In the first experiment, the wastewater was fed
intermittently (7 hours/day) with a hydraulic loading rate of 2, 4, 6 and 8 cm/day.
The maximum removal efficiencies for COD, BOD, TKN and SS were only 49.1,
58.7, 64.0 and 59.4% due to short hydraulic retention time for biodegradation of
organic substances. In the second experiment, the wastewater was inundated to a
depth of 15 cm for 10, 15, 20 and 25 days in each unit and then the wastewater
was drained out and flooded again. The removal efficiencies in terms of COD,
BOD, TKN and SS were increased especially at 25 day retention time and met
the national effluent standard except for SS. The study reveals that apart from
wastewater treatment, wastewater can be replaced natural water for rice growing
in the dry season or rice can be grown throughout the year. Moreover, nutrients
in wastewater can be a substitute for chemical fertilizers. Rice grain production
was 4,700 Kg and only 6% less than the production from the conventional paddy
field.
Published in a proceedings on the 12th International Conference on Wetland Systems
for Water Pollution Control. pp.23,Venice, Italy, October, 2010.
136
Drop-on-Demand Printer for Micro Ion-Selective
Electrode Fabrication
Mana Saedan
Abstract
Drop-on-demand (DOD) printing technology has been applied across various
fields. Flexibility and efficient use of printing materials attracts applications where
object accretion layer-by-layer is essential. This paper presents the application of
DOD in manufacturing planar ion-selective electrodes (ISE) from all liquid materials. The custom development of key hardware lowers the cost of DOD machine
besides enables direct control to each device. The printing materials are specifically
formulated to meet functional demands of ISEs while not compromise dispenser
capability.
Key words: Drop-on-demand, layer-by-layer, ion-selective electrode, photopolymer,
and dispenser
Published in Proceedings of the 4th Asia International Symposium on Mechatronics
(AISM 2010) Copyright © AISM 2010 Organizers ISBN: 978-981-08-7723-1
137
DRYING OF BANANA USING SUPERHEATED STEAM FOLLOWED
BY HOT AIR
Nathawit Pongpun, Aree Achariyaviriya, Siva Achariyaviriya
and Kodwan Namsanguan
ABSTRACT
An innovative two-stage drying concept is presented in this article. The work
considered banana drying using SSD/HAD (superheated steam drying followed by
hot air drying) both from drying kinetics and dried product quality points of view.
The experiments were performed in the two different stages of SSD/HAD using
the superheated steam temperatures of 120-160°C in the first stage and then the
drying air temperatures of 80°C in the second stage. The final moisture content
of banana was about 6% dry basis. The effects of drying medium temperatures
on the drying kinetics and quality of dried banana were investigated. The quality
of banana was evaluated in terms of its color characteristics and shrinkage. The
results showed that SSD/HAD dried banana had much lower degree of shrinkage,
better color and higher degree of rehydration when the steam temperature used
in the fires-stage SSD increased. From the experiments, the two-stage SSD/HAD
at the steam temperature of 160°C and then the air temperature of 80°C provided
the suitable results of drying banana.
Key words: Color, Hot air, Shrinkage, Superheated steam, Two-stage drying
138
Durability of a Small Agricultural Engine
on Biogas/Diesel Dual Fuel Operation
Nakorn Tippayawong, Anucha Promwungkwa and Prasert Rerkkriangkrai
ABSTRACT
Biogas from anaerobic digestion of organic waste is a potential alternative
to the partial substitution of petroleum derived fuels because it is from renewable
resources that are widely available. Effect of long term durability tests using biogas/
diesel dual fuel operation on wear characteristics is evaluated and presented in
this paper. Steady state tests were performed on a small, single cylinder, naturally
aspirated, 4-stroke, direct injection diesel engine at a speed of 1500 rpm, coupled to
a generator set to generate electricity for over 3500 hours. Lubricating oil samples
were collected during the test run and were subjected to analysis of various wear
metal traces present and change in properties. After completion of the endurance
test, the engine was dismantled for physical inspection and wear assessment of vital
parts. Formation of carbon deposits on in-cylinder surfaces was not found to be
problematic. Coking of injector tip did not occur. Surface wear and accumulations
of metal debris in crankcase lubricating oil samples were analyzed and found to
increase with time, but not in an unusual rate. Properties of used lubricating oils
did not alter significantly from their original values. Wear was not significantly
different in the test engine fueled with biogas/diesel combination. An overall
evaluation of results indicated that the biogas/diesel duel fuel operation could be
substituted for diesel fuel in electricity generation and worked satisfactorily under
long term engine operation without any major troubles.
Published in Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chiang Mai University, 2010.
139
EFFECT OF BOUND NUMBER ON HEAT TRANSFER
OF THERMOSYPHON HEAT PIPE UNDER SOUND WAVE
Sompon Wongtom1 and Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat2
1
2
Mai, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
Boiling phenomenon of working fluid in thermosyphon heating under sound
wave has been caried out.The study has considered the effect of working fluid and
inlet water at the evaporator section on heat transfer rate. In the experiment, the
heat transfer medium of the thermosyphon is water. The heat pipe is copper tube
with 22 mm inner diameter and 1 m length.The evaporator section, the adiabatic
section and the condensing section are 0.45, 0.10 and 0.45 m respectively. The
working fluid in the heat pipe is ethanol or R123 with a volume of 60%, 70%,
80% of the evaporator. Cold water 25°C and hot water at 50-90°C are used to
transfer heat at the heat pipe which is oriented 15, 20, and 25 degree from horizontal plane. A sound wave generator is attached at bottom of the evaporator and
it generates wave at 70, 80, 90, and 100 Hz. The input power is 110 W. It could
be found that the sound wave could enhance heat transfer, at 15 degree inclination, with hot water temperature at 80°C , sound wave at 90 Hz, filling ratio 80%
of evaporator length and R123 as working fluid, the heat transfer rate could be
enhanced 26%.
Key words: Heat Transfer Rate, Heat Transfer Coefficient, Sound Wave, Working
Fluid
Published in the Proceeding of The 9th Conference on Energy, Heat and Mass Transfer
in Thermal Equipment and Process. Prachubkirikhan, 2010.
140
Effect of Needle Cone Angle and Air Flow Rate on Electrostatic
Discharge Characteristics of a Corona-needle Ionizer
Panich Intra and Nakorn Tippayawong
ABSTRACT
In this study, the corona-needle ionizer was designed, constructed, and
characterized. Experimental characterizations of the electrostatic discharge in
terms of current-voltage relationships of the corona ionizer, including the effects
of discharge electrode cone angle and air flow rate were presented. It was found
that the charging current and ion concentration in the charging zone increased
monotonically with corona voltage. Conversely, discharge currents decreased with
increasing angle of the needle cone. The negative corona was found to have higher
current than the positive corona. At higher air flow rates, the ion current and
concentration were found to be relatively high for the same corona voltage. The
effect of air flow rate was more pronounced than the corona voltage. It was also
shown that the ion penetration through the ionizer decreased with increasing corona
voltage, and increased with increasing air flow rate. The highest ion penetration
through the ionizer of the 10° needle cone angle was found to be about 95.1 and
7.8% for positive and negative coronas, respectively. The highest ion penetration
for the needle cone angle of 20° was found to be 46.3 and 4.7% for positive and
negative coronas, respectively.
Published in Journal of Electrostatics, Vol. 68 n. 3, pp. 254-260, 2010.
141
Effects of Aspect Ratios and Number of Meandering Turns
on Performance Limit of an Inclined Closed-Loop
Oscillating Heat Pipe
N. Panyoyai, P. Terdtoon and P. Sakulchangsatjatai
ABSTRACT
Problem statement: The purpose of this research was to determine the effects of aspect ratios and number of meandering turns on performance limit of an
inclined closed-loop oscillating heat pipe. Approach: The Closed-Loop Oscillating
Heat Pipe (CLOHP) was made of a long copper capillary tube. The geometrical
sizes, which were the variable parameters of this study, were as follows; the internal diameter of 0.66, 1.06 and 2.03 mm, the evaporator section length of 50,
100 and 150 mm, the adiabatic and condenser section length of each set was
equaled to the evaporator length and the numbers of meandering turn of 5, 10
and 15 turns. The experiments were conducted by setting the inclination angles
at 0-90° adjusted by 10°, there totally were 9 sets and each set was tested with
R123 as working fluid. The adiabatic temperature was controlled at 50±5°C. The
low-voltage and high-current power transformer was used as the heat source and
heat transfer rate was obtained by using calorific method at the condenser section.
Results: It was found from the experiments that, in case of the CLOHP with 10
turns and the internal diameter of 2.03 mm, the maximum heat flux increases
from 10-35.5 kW m-2 when the aspect ratio decreases from 151.5-49.26 and the
highest maximum heat flux occurs at inclination angle about 70-90°. Conclusion:
The result indicated that the aspect ratio, the ratio of evaporator length by internal
diameter and number of meandering turns significantly affect the maximum heat
flux and inclination angle.
Key words: Inclination, closed-loop oscillating heat pipe, performance limit.
Published in Energy Research Journal 1 (2): 91-95, 2010.
142
EFFECTS OF LIP THICKNESS ON ALVEOLAR BONE GRAFT OUTCOMES
IN PATIENTS WITH COMPLETE UNILATERAL CLEFT LIP
AND PALATE : FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
Siraseth Mongkolupatham1, Thongchai Fongsamootr2 and Marasri Chaiworawitkul1
1
Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai
2
ABSTRACT
Cleft lip and/or palate are the most common craniofacial anomalies. One
step in the treatment protocol is alveolar bone grafting in cleft area. Bone graft
resorption always occurs after bone grafting procedure. Objective is to define the
effects of lip thickness on alveolar bone graft outcomes in patients with complete
unilateral cleft lip and palate. Topographic occlusal radiographs and lateral cephalograms, at 1 month and 1 year after alveolar bone grafting of 10 patients were
assessed. Grafted bone heights percentages were measured on the topographic
occlusal radiographs whereas lip thicknesses were measured on the lateral cephalograms. A three-dimensional finite element (FE) model of the maxilla was created
to investigate the stress affected from the upper lip. Clinical results shown the
statistically significant correlation between lip thickness and postsurgical alveolar
bone graft height : the less lip thickness, the less alveolar bone graft height remaining. FE analysis results indicated stress-distribution patterns stresses of the
maxilla were influenced by lip pressure. These concluded Lip thickness is a factor
affecting alveolar bone graft outcome.
Key words: lip thickness, alveolar bone graft, cleft lip and palate
143
Effects of Reaction Forces at Clamped Edge on Deflection
and Stress of Thin Plate
Jirasak Panya and Thongchai Fongsamootr
ABSTRACT
The objective of this research is to study the effects of reaction forces of
clamped edges on the deflection and stress distribution in the thin plate. The
deflection and stress equations that include the effect of the reaction forces of the
clamped edges, were created. The calculation results of deflection and stress of
the thin plate were compared with the results calculated by Lévy - Nádai method.
In both cases the boundary conditions of the thin plate were two clamped edges
and other two was simply supported edges. Two parameters considered here were
aspect ratio (b/a) and applied forces. 14 aspect ratios are studies. The applied forces
were varied for 5 values. The results showed that the analyses deflection result
were less than the results from Lévy - Nádai in every aspect ratio. And the stress
calculated by the new equation were more than the results from Lévy - Nádai for
the cases that the aspect ratio was less than 0.8 with 6.946% maximum difference.
Otherwise, the calculated results will be less than the Lévy - Nádai results and were
constant after aspect ratio greater than 2.5. Finally, the results showed that with
increases of applied forces, the deflection of the thin plate would be increases.
144
Effects of Seeding on Performance of Household
Organic Waste Composting Using Passive Aeration
Siriwan Nissaikla, Somsiri Sattayapanich, Tinnapat Mongkontep
and Somjai Karnchanawong
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to study the effects of seeding, i.e. LDD.1,
EM, and mature compost on performance of household organic waste composting using 200 liter passive aeration composting bin. Food wastes and dry leaves
were added to each bin once a day for 60 days. The temperature in each bin was
recorded daily. A sample of compost from each bin was analyzed for C, N and a
germination index were determined once a week, numbers of bacteria fungi actinomycetes were determined twice a month until the 90th day of the composting. It
was found that the seeding enhanced the degradation of the organic matter. The
composts in un-seeding bin and seeded bin were stable at 88th day and 67th-74th
day, respectively. The lowest volatile solids was achieved within a shortest period
in the bin with addition of 5% compost. It took about 67 days for composting of
waste in this bin with 71.2% decreasing of mass and contained 88.0% proportion
of the size smaller than 12.5 mm.
Key words: Household organic waste, passive aeration bin, seeding, microorganisms
Published in Thai Environmental Engineering Journal, 24(3): pp. 99-109 (2010).
145
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE, VELOCITY AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY
OF HOT AIR ON SLICED BANANA DRYING
Nattawut Kulsatien and Aree Achariyaviriya
Mai 50200, Thailand
Abstract
The objectives of this research were to study the effects of temperature,
velocity and relative humidity of hot air on sliced banana drying and to develop
drying kinetic equation of sliced banana. The sample was half ripe peeled banana
with 30-35 mm. in diameter and the initial moisture content of 200-220% db.,
and size of 3 millimeter thickness. The experiments were carried out in an air
conditioning dryer at the drying air temperature in a range of 60-100°C, relative
humidity in a range of 2.1-26% and air velocity in a range of 0.5-2 m/s. The
effective diffusion coefficient was determined by fitting the experimental data to
theoretical drying kinetic equation for an infinite slab using least square method.
It was found that the effective diffusion coefficient increased and drying time
decreased with increasing air temperature and air velocity and with decreasing
relative humidity. Also, it was found that model 2, which is in Arrhenius form
with linear and exponential equation, provided the best to fit of the data.
in Thermal Equipments and Process. Prachuabkirikhan, 2010.
146
ELECTRIC CYLINDER ENGINE
Jirawat Chiatrakul, Viboon Changrue and Sumpun Chaitep
Division of Agricultural Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of
Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to propose a new technique of machine able
to generate power like the internal combustion engine. This machine was designed
using solenoid to produce electromagnetic as an energy resource. Solenoid was
installed in the middle of cylinder. It would pull the piston from bottom dead
position to center of cylinder. Then the electricity was cut off while piston still
keep moving to top dead position and return to bottom dead position by inertia
force. The electromagnetic was energized by a limited switch to control magnetic
contactor process with power supply of alternating current, AC and the magnetic
contactor, was controlled by limited switch, providing DC current to the solenoid
(direct current, DC). Testing was conducted by varying voltage from 20, 30, 40,
50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 volt DC. The electric current, shaft speed and torque of the
electric cylinder engine was recorded. The result revealed that this machine provided
complete cycle moving when voltage reach 50 volt DC while electric current in
solenoid was 4.7 ampere and provided shaft speed was 159.5 rpm. At 60 volt DC,
electric current in solenoid was 5.8 ampere and shaft speed was 235.1 rpm. At
70 volt DC electric current in solenoid was 7.0 ampere and shaft speed was 270.8
rpm. At 80 volt DC electric current in solenoid was 7.8 ampere and shaft speed
was 313.3 rpm and at 90 volt DC electric current in solenoid was 8.8 ampere and
shaft speed was 352.9 rpm. highest efficiency rate was 2.98%. and output torque
at the rotating crankshaft at 0.62 N-m.
Key words: Electromagnetic, engine
147
ENHANCMENT OF ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR FOR SUBMICRON
PARTICLE COLLECTION USING NON-THERMAL PLASMA TECHNIQUE
Nakhorn Thonglek1 and Tanonkiat Kiatsiriroat2
1
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai 50202, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
Removing submicron particles from air is very important because most of
them, with a size smaller than 1 .m have a detrimental effect on human health.
High particle collection efficiency in terms of particle weight/volume is well
achieved by a conventional electrostatic precipitator (ESP). However, the collection
efficiencies in terms of number density for the submicron particles by conventional
ESP are still relatively low. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the collection
efficiency for submicron particles. By forming large particles, plasma agglomeration of submicron particles is presented as a promising process for enhancing the
efficiency of the current electrostatic precipitation for small size particle removal.
This research is to study the effect of flow rate of combustion gas, pulse peak
voltage and pulse frequency on the plasma agglomeration of carbon particles in
nanometer size range. For the agglomeration test, the experimental consists of
a wire-plate electrostatic precipitator with a saw-tooth electrode. For the ESP
under pulse corona energization, the experimental results show that the particle
reduction efficiency curve has the highest reduction efficiency for particles with a
diameter near 200 nm. The particle reduction efficiency increases with increasing
pulse peak voltage and pulse frequency, but decreases if the gas velocity is high.
Key words: plasma technique
148
EVALUATION OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION POTENTIAL FROMWIND
TURBINE FARM AT MHAE ROYAL PROJECT SAMOENG DISTRICT,
CHIANG MAI PROVINCE,THAILAND
Wasan Pinatae1, Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat1, Natthawud Dussadee2
and Kittikorn Sasujit2
1
2
Energy Research Center, Maejo University, Nongharn, Sansai, Chiang Mai 50210, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
Potential on electricity generation from wind turbine with the measured
wind data at Mae Hae Royal Project has been considered. The wind speeds at
altitudes of 20, 40 and 80 m above ground and wind direction every 10 minutes
for a period of 1 year (June 2008- May 2009) were measured and recorded. The
recorded data at the altitudes of 80 m were used to analyze the wind climate by
WAsP 9.1 computer software and generate Weibull distribution with parameters
K and A. A vector map covering the area 10x10 km2 around each meteorological station was produced. The appropriate wind turbine farm scales of 0.3 0.45
0.6 1.0 and 1.3 MW were considered from annual energy production (AEP), the
capacity factor (C.F.), the cost of energy (CoE), and the CO2 emission avoidance
from the wind power plant installation. The results showed that the size of 0.6
MW were utmost possible due to the highest AEP which was 9.87 GWh/year. The
corresponding capacity factor was 37.65%. The CoE was the 2.576 Baht/kWh and
the payback period was 6.60 years. Finally, it was found that the 3 MW wind power
plant operation 5 units of 0.6 MW wind turbine could avoid CO2 emission about
2,183.10 ton CO2/year.
Key word: Wind Energy/ Wind Farm Turbine/power potential
Published in the Proceedings of the 9th Conference of Energy, Heat and Mass Transfer
in Thermal Equipment and Process. Prachubkirikhan, 2010.
149
Evaluation of Energy Absorption Capability of Light Truck’s
Front Nudge Bar
Paccamon Thammitsakun and Anucha Promwangkwa
ABSTRACT
A light truck’s front nudge bar is an optional structure which be chosen
by customer satisfier and plays a great role to protect vulnerable car parts. The
bar may not design to protect passengers from impact. In order to evaluate the
energy absorbing capabilities of front nudge bar during the frontal crash into rigid
wall, this study uses non-linear finite element analysis to simulate the crash and
to compare the effects of three main factors: bar shape, thickness of bar material
and crash velocity. The simulation results showed that crash velocity is the most
important factor in energy absorption. Front nudge bars can absorb most of
energy if vehicle velocity is less than 18.5 km/h. At higher vehicle speed, percentage
of energy absorbing capability decreases. Deformation energies of nudge bars at
30 and 56 km/h are 64.4% and 23.33% of vehicle kinetic energy before impact,
respectively. The study of bar shapes and thickness of bar material show less
significant to energy absorbing values. Analysis of maximum acceleration during
impact shows mainly depends on crash speed.
Published in the Engineering Journal.CMU.[2010] 17(3),43-49.
150
Experimental Investigation of an Automotive Air Conditioning
System Driven by a Small Biogas Engine
Det Damrongsak and Nakorn Tippayawong
ABSTRACT
A compact air conditioning module run on biogas for rural use is proposed.
The research study is to investigate the use of small biogas engine to drive the
automotive vapour-compression air-conditioning system. The engine used is singlecylinder, four-stroke gasoline engine with capacity of 125 cm3 and compression
ratio of 11:1. The biogas engine can be used to run the air-conditioning system
with acceptable operation over a range of speeds and loads. The modular system
can operate at a range of cooling loads above 3.5 kW at high coefficient of performance, with the proper speed ratio between the engine and the compressor.
Overall primary energy ratio of the modular refrigeration system driven by the
biogas engine was found to be maximum at about 1.0-1.2. The performance of the
modular system tends to decrease with an increase in engine speed.
Published in Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 30 n. 5, pp. 400-405,2010.
151
Finding All DC Solutions of Diode and BJT Circuits
by Interval Method and Modified LP-Narrowing Technique
Sermsak Uatrongjit
ABSTRACT
The method based on interval algorithm is one of techniques to find all
direct current operating points of nonlinear circuits. Many approaches have been
proposed to enhance the efficiency of the interval method. Amongst them, the
linear programming narrowing (LP-narrowing) strategy has been proposed and it
shows very promising results. In this paper, a modification of the LP-narrowing
technique is proposed. The proposed technique is applied with the interval based
method to find all direct current solutions of a circuit whose nonlinear elements
are only diodes and bipolar junction transistors. It employs the voltage-current
characteristic of diode to contract the size of the box under consideration before
applying the interval operator. The proposed technique has been implemented by
using C-XSC toolbox and GNU Linear Programming Kit package. Its performance
is evaluated by testing with some nonlinear circuits. The results indicate that
the proposed technique can reduce the number of search boxes and improve the
computation time.
Published in IEEJ Transections on Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Vol. 5, No. 6
Nov. 2010, pp.621-626.
152
Gasification of Giant Sensitive Plants in a Fixed Bed Reactor
Thanasit Wongsiriamnuay and Nakorn Tippayawong
ABSTRACT
A giant sensitive plant (Mimosa pigra L.) is a fast growing and spreadable
weed. It infests strongly along the rivers, surrounding large reservoirs, wetland
reserves and agricultural fields. Its invasion threatens the production and preservation values of wetlands, and poses a major problem in agricultural areas. To avoid
food-fuel dilemma, the weed may be utilized as a biorenewable energy source.
In this study, it was used as feedstock for generation of producer gas. Mimosa
sample were collected, and air dried. They were subsequently milled, sieved and
classified into fractions of uniform particle size between 0.3 and 0.6 mm. Fuel
characterization was performed using proximate and ultimate analyses. Gasification
of giant sensitive plants was carried out at atmospheric pressure in a laboratoryscale fixed bed reactor to investigate the effect of reactor temperature and catalyst
biomass ratio on gas yields and product gas composition. The product gas from
thermochemical process was found to contain high CO and H2 which was a useful
low heating value gaseous fuel. With an increase in temperature, gas yield was
found to increase while char and tar were found to decrease. Increasing catalyst
to biomass ratio was found to result in an increase in hydrogen, and a decrease in
carbon monoxide. It appeared that the weed can be utilized as a useful renewable
fuel.
Published in the Proceeding on 23rd International Conference on Efficiency, Cost,
Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems, Lausanne, Switzerland 2010.
153
Heat and mass transfer in combined convective
and far-infrared drying of fruit leather
Somkiat Jaturonglumlert and Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University,
ABSTRACT
Combined convective and far-infrared drying is a challenging assignment due
to complex relationship between heat and mass transfer. In this paper, heat and
mass transfer of fruit leather drying with combination of hot air and far-infrared
has been carried out. The heat and the mass transfer coefficients were analyzed
by heat-mass analogy. It could be found that the ratio between heat and mass
transfer coefficients for the combination technique could not be obtained from
the heat-mass analogy classical model and a modification is needed. The modified
correlations for predicting ratio of heat and mass transfer coefficients and the heat
transfer coefficient in term of heat transfer Nusselt number are developed. The
model could fit the experimental data quite well within ±10% deviation.
Key words: Heat-mass analogy; Heat and mass transfer coefficient; Far-infrared
radiation;Hot air drying; Fruit leather
Published in Journal of Food Engineering, Volume 100, Issue 2, September 2010, Pages
254-260.
154
Heat extraction from salinity-gradient solar ponds
using heat pipe heat exchangers
Sura Tundee1, Pradit Terdtoon1, Phrut Sakulchangsatjatai1,
Randeep Singh2 and Aliakbar Akbarzadeh2
1
2
Energy Conservation and Renewable Energy Group, School of Aerospace, Mechanical and
Manufacturing Engineering, RMIT University,Bundoora East Campus, Bundoora, Victoria
3083, Australia.
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the results of experimental and theoretical analysis on
the heat extraction process from solar pond by using the heat pipe heat exchanger.
In order to conduct research work, a small scale experimental solar pond with an
area of 7.0 m2 and a depth of 1.5 m was built at Khon Kaen in North-Eastern
Thailand (16270N102E). Heat was successfully extracted from the lower convective
zone (LCZ) of the solar pond by using a heat pipe heat exchanger made from 60
copper tubes with 21 mm inside diameter and 22 mm outside diameter. The length
of the evaporator and condenser section was 800 mm and 200 mm respectively.
R134a was used as the heat transfer fluid in the experiment. The theoretical model
was formulated for the solar pond heat extraction on the basis of the energy conservation equations and by using the solar radiation data for the above location.
Numerical methods were used to solve the modeling equations. In the analysis,
the performance of heat exchanger is investigated by varying the velocity of inlet
air used to extract heat from the condenser end of the heat pipe heat exchanger
(HPHE). Air velocity was found to have a significant influence on the effectiveness
of heat pipe heat exchanger. In the present investigation, there was an increase
in effectiveness by 43% as the air velocity was decreased from 5 m/s to 1 m/s.
The results obtained from the theoretical model showed good agreement with the
experimental data.
Key words: Solar pond; Thermosyphon; Heat pipe heat exchanger; Heat recovery;
Renewable energy
Published in Solar Energy, Volume 84, Issue 9, September 2010, Pages 1706-1716.
155
Identification of hyperelastic material parameters using
Virtual Fields Method in case of large deformations
Nattawit Pomma
ABSTRACT
This present paper deals with the identification of constitutive parameters
of a hyperelastic law from heterogeneous stress and strain fields using the Virtual
Fields Method (VFM). The main idea consists in the exploitation of heterogeneous
kinematic fields in order to directly identify all the constitutive parameters from
only one test. The main drawback of such an approach is the fact that no direct
link between displacement measurement data and unknown parameters is available in the general case. In this paper, the VFM is applied for the first time in the
case of large deformations. The approach is developed here for a hyperelastic law
in order to test the performances of this method in case of large deformations.
Results found in terms of constitutive parameters are in good agreement with
usual values of the selected materials.
Key words: Virtual Fields Method, large deformations, hyperelastic material,
Mooney law
156
Image Restoration Based on a Pair of Noisy
and Motion Blurred Images
Karn Patanukhom
Abstract
A image restoration scheme using a pair of noisy and motion blurred images
is proposed. The restoration scheme combines a deconvolution algorithm with a
denoising technique. The denoising technique is initially applied to reduce noises.
After the blur function has been identified, the residual noise from the denoising
process is estimated by using deconvolution scheme. Unlike conventional schemes
using the pair of images, the proposed scheme tries to estimate an optimal restoration result in consideration of small noises in the blurred images. An iterative
deconvolution algorithm with optimal regional stopping rules is proposed. The
images are decomposed into several regions based on a variance of the residual
noise. Optimal regional terminating points are independently assigned in order to
minimize a restoration error in each region. The optimal terminating point can
be decided by analyzing a relation between a discrepancy error and the restoration
error. The results from simulation are given to demonstrate the performance of
the proposed method.
Published in the Proceedings of Electrical Engineering/Electronics Computer Telecommunications and Information Technology CECTI-CON), 2010 International Conference on 19-21
May 2010, pp. 693-697, Chiang Mai.
157
In vivo characterization of the aortic wall
stress-strain relationship
Asawinee Danpinid1,2, Jianwen Luo2, Jonathan Vappou2,
Pradit Terdtoon1 and Elisa E. Konofagou2
1
2
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
ABSTRACT
Arterial stiffness has been shown to be a good indicator of arterial wall disease.
However, a single parameter is insufficient to describe the complex stress-strain
relationship of a multi-component, non-linear tissue such as the aorta. We therefore
propose a new approach to measure the stress-strain relationship locally in vivo
noninvasively, and present a clinically relevant parameter describing the mechanical
interaction between aortic wall constituents. The slope change of the circumferential
stress-strain curve was hypothesized to be related to the contribution of elastin
and collagen, and was defined as the transition strain (eTh). A two-parallel spring
model was employed and three Young’s moduli were accordingly evaluated, i.e.,
corresponding to the: elastic lamellae (E1), elastin-collagen fibers (E2) and collagen
fibers (E3). Our study was performed on normal and Angiotensin II (AngII)-treated
mouse abdominal aortas using the aortic pressure after catheterization and the
local aortic wall diameters change from a cross-correlation technique on the radio
frequency (RF) ultrasound signal at 30 MHz and frame rate of 8 kHz. Using our
technique, the transition strain and three Young’s moduli in both normal and
pathological aortas were mapped in 2D. The slope change of the circumferential
stress-strain curve was first observed in vivo under physiologic conditions. The
transition strain was found at a lower strain level in the AngII-treated case, i.e.,
0.029±0.006 for the normal and 0.012±0.004 for the AngII-treated aortas. E1, E2
and E3 were equal to 69.7±18.6, 214.5±65.8 and 144.8±55.2 kPa for the normal
aortas, and 222.1±114.8, 775.0±586.4 and 552.9±519.1 kPa for the AngII-treated
158
aortas, respectively. This is because of the alteration of structures and content of
the wall constituents, the degradation of elastic lamella and collagen formation
due to AngII treatment. While such values illustrate the alteration of structure
and content of the wall constituents related to AngII treatment, limitations
regarding physical assumptions (isotropic, linear elastic) should be kept in mind.
The transition strain, however, was shown to be a pressure independent parameter
that can be clinically relevant and noninvasively measured using ultrasound-based
motion estimation techniques. In conclusion, our novel methodology can assess the
stress-strain relationship of the aortic wall locally in vivo and quantify important
parameters for the detection and characterization of vascular disease.
Published in Ultrasonics, Volume 50, Issue 7, June 2010, Pages 654-665.
159
Incorporating SIFT with Hard C-Means Algorithm
Wattanapong Suttapak1, Sansanee Auephanwiriyakul1,2 and Nipon Theera-Umpon2,3
1
Computer Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
2
Biomedical Engineering Center, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai
50200, Thailand.
3
Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
Abstract
The scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) has been used widely as a tool
in object recognition. However, when there are several keyframes for one object
in the training database, the number of keypoint descriptors for that object might
be huge. The matching process of a test keypoint has to be done on all keypoints
in the training database, hence, the amount of matching time is huge. Since
the keyframes in the training database are from the same object, there must be
some keypoints that are similar. In this paper we incorporate SIFT with the Hard
C-Means (HCM) algorithm to group keypoint descriptors and then utilize the
prototypes in the matching process instead. We implement this algorithm with
three data sets, i.e., bottle, MPEG 7 and Thai hand gesture. We found that on the
bottle and MPEG 7 test data sets, the algorithm outperform the one with SIFT
with much smaller matching computation time. For the Thai hand gesture data
set, the correct classification with much less matching times on the test data set
from the proposed algorithm is comparable with that of SIFT.
Key words: Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT), Hard C-Means (HCM), Object
Recognition, Thai Hand Gesture
Published in the Proceedings on Computer and Automation Engineering (ICCAE), 2010
The 2nd International Conference on 26-28 Feb. 2010, pp.437-441, Singapore.
160
Investigation of Light Tar Cracking
in a Gliding Arc Plasma System
Nakorn Tippayawong and Passakorn Inthasan
ABSTRACT
Utilization of biomass gasification technology is not widely adopted due
largely to tars contained in the product gas that pose serious problems, especially in engine use. In this paper, a laboratory scale plasma system for light tar
cracking was developed. The system was based on non-equilibrium plasmas
generated from two gliding arc plasma in series. Light tar components were
represented by naphthalene in nitrogen flow, generated at constant rates between
130-690 mg/m3. Destruction efficiency and specific energy use were evaluated. It
was found that destruction efficiency in the range of 70-95% could be achieved
with a simple, single stage reactor. Plasma assisted tar decomposition was found to
increase with applied electrical energy. Complete destruction (>99%) of light tars
was obtained with the two-stage, gliding arc plasma system with applied electrical
energy of about 1.8-2.9 kWh/m3.
Published in International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering, Vol. 8 (2010).
161
Kinetics and modeling of whole longan with combined infrared
and hot air
Paradorn Nuthong, Aree Achariyaviriya, Kodkwan Namsanguan
and Siva Achariyaviriya
Mai 50200, Thailand
ABSTRACT
The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of operating variables on
the drying behavior of whole longan undergoing a combined infrared and hot air
drying process, to determine its kinetic parameters, and to develop drying kinetic
models. The single-layer drying experiments were carried out at infrared powers of
300, 500 and 700 W, drying air temperatures of 40, 60 and 80°C, and air velocities
of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m/s. The samples were dried until attaining a final moisture
content of 0.2 kg water/kg dry solid. The results show that the drying had a short
constant rate period followed by a falling rate period in all cases. The drying rate
and product temperature were significantly influenced by infrared power, temperature and velocity of ambient air. In the constant rate period, the mass transfer
coefficient varied from 3.646 103 to 1.914 102 m/s. It increased with increasing
infrared power, but decreased as air velocity and air temperature increased. In the
falling rate period, theoretical and semi-empirical drying kinetic equations were
used to describe the drying kinetics of the product. It was found that the overall
effective diffusion coefficient and drying constant varied from 7.012 1011 to 6.681
1010 m2/s and 0.026 to 0.234 h1, respectively. Both parameters increased with
increasing infrared power and air temperature, but decreased with increasing air
velocity. Combined regression equations developed to predict the drying kinetic
parameters (hD, Deff and k) for all three models gave a fairly good fit.
Published in Journal of Food Engineering, Volume 102, Issue 3, February 2011, Pages
233-239.
162
LEACHING OF HEAVY METAL FROM SPENT HOUSEHOLD BATTERIES
Pawena Limpiteeprakan1 and Somjai Karnchanawong2
1
Collage of Medicine and Public Health, Ubon Rajathanee University, Ubon Rajathanee 34190,
Thailand.
2
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was aimed to conduct the leaching test from 36
pieces of 4 types of spent batteries, i.e. Zinc-carbon, Alkaline, Ni-Cd and Ni-MH
and from 5 sizes, i.e. AA, AAA, C, D and 9V. TCLP was performed on the leaching
test. in order to address the concerns associated with the leaching of chemicals
from batteries into the landfill leachate. The results showed that types of spent
batteries has influenced on concentration of heavy metal in leaching solution.
Zinc-carbon batteries and alkaline batteries released high amounts of Mn and Zn
at 0.12-55.7 mg./l. and 7-711 mg./l., respectively. As for the rechargeable battery,
Ni-Cd, it generated a leaching solution containing a high Cd concentration at
8.48-46.9 mg./l. Only the Ni-MH battery produced amounts that were lower than
the regulatory limits for all the analyzed heavy metals. These results indicate that
the direct disposal of some type of spent household batteries into a municipal solid
waste landfill can increase the heavy metal contents in the landfill leachate.
Key words: TCLP leaching test; spent household battery; heavy metals; leachate
Published in the Proceedings on the 9th National Environmental Conference, 24-27
March 2010. Ubonratchatani.
163
Life Cycle Assessment of Frozen Okra Production
by Parameter Screening Method
Supalak Palee, Sate Sampattagul, Natanee Vorayos and Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat
Energy Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineer, Chiang Mai
ABSTRACT
Different systems and methodology of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has
been developed all over the world. The life cycle assessment at SMEs is quite
difficult due to complexity and high cost of the LCA process. This problem was
addressed on the experts’ experience in the development of Streamlined LCA
for SMEs. In this project, the screening life cycle assessment was applied for an
agricultural product in Thailand, which is frozen okra. The environmental impact
of this product is assessed by the screening LCA and the evaluation method is
Environmentally Responsible Product Assessment: ERPA method. The purpose is
to identify the principle parts of life cycle that are important to the environmental
impact. The system investigated includes 5 life stages; cultivation, manufacture,
transportation, product use, and disposal. The environmental impact is classified
into 5 environmental stressors, which are material choices, energy use, solid waste,
waste water, and air pollution. The emissions are assessed by rating from collected
highest impact level of each parameter such as fertilize, chemical use, heavy oil,
and emission from energy use. All of the rating values were calculated by simple
equation. Finally, the environmental stressor of the whole life cycle stage was showed
in a format of target plots for a 25-element matrix. The overall rating (RERP) is
55.93; coolant (ammonia and R-22) and energy use in manufacture stage are found
to be hot-spots. Air pollutions especially green house gas from manufacture and
transportation stages are found to be a critical parameter.
Key words: Environmental stressors, ERPA, Frozen Okra, Life Cycle Assessment,
Screening LCA
Published in the Proceeding on International Conference the 17th Tri-University, International Joint Seminar and Symposium, 9-13 November 2010, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
164
Mathematical Model of the Optimum Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger
for a Condenser of Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Cycle
P. Yeunyongkul, P. Sakulchangsatjatai and P. Terdtoon
ABSTRACT
Problem statement: This study theoretically investigated applying heat pipe
as a heat exchanger in the condenser of vapor compression refrigeration system
for sustainable well-being. Splittype air conditioner for residential propose was
considered. To reduce pressure drop and recover heat from the condensing process
of the refrigeration cycle, this investigation tried to use Closed Loop Oscillating
Heat Pipe (CLOHP) instead of the conventional condenser in split-type air conditioner. Approach: The system was single stage with reciprocating compressor
which operated at steady state. The refrigerating capacity was 12,500 Btu h-1 and
refrigerant was R22. The vapor compression refrigeration system was simulated to
determine effect of mass flow rate of refrigerant on various parameters; such as
refrigerating capacity, compressor power, heat rejection of condenser and Coefficient
of Performance. Results: It was found that, at the normal operating and 3,663 W
of the cooling load, mass flow rate of refrigerant, compressor power, heat rejection
of condenser and Coefficient of Performance were 0.031 kg sec-1, 1,174 W, 4,837
W and 3.1, respectively. In addition, an increase in evaporating temperature or a
decrease in condensing temperature results in increase of refrigerating capacity.
CLOHP heat exchanger was simulated to predict optimum sizing on the basis of
thermo-economical method. It was found that the optimum sizing of CLOHP heat
exchanger with R123 as working fluid were; 0.1 m of evaporator section Length
(Le), 0.1 m of condenser section Length (Lc), 2.03 mm of inner Diameter (Di)
and 218 turns of number of turn (N). The optimum sizing when water was used
as working fluids were 0.1 m of Le, 0.1 m of Lc, 2.03 mm of Di and 176 of N.
Finally, the optimum sizing when ethanol was used as working fluids were 0.1 m
of Le, 0.1 m of Lc, 2.03 mm of Di and 243 of N. Moreover, net saving of R123,
water and ethanol systems at the optimum size were 9,095, 9,117 and 9,082 USD,
respectively. Conclusion: The optimum AHE, N, Le, Lc and Di are 0.45 m2, 176
turns, 0.1, 0.1 and 0.00203 m, respectively.
Key words: Heat pipe heat exchanger, vapor compression refrigeration, closed loop
oscillating heat pipe, optimum, thermo-economical method
Published in Energy Research Journal 1 (2): 104-110, 2010.
165
Medical Consult Base System for Diagnosis on WiMAX System
K. Noimanee, S. Noimanee, P. Khunja and P. Keawfoonrungsie
ABSTRACT
WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a high-speed
wireless broadband technology that was developed on the IEEE 802.16 standards
and has developed to support mobile usage by setting a new standard IEEE 802.16e,
the ability to send signals to spread from point-to-multipoint simultaneous with
the ability to work in support Non-Line-of-Sight. This paper presents a measurement of ECG signals with teleconsult using IP video camera when the patient has
symptom. The patient attached the sensor for measure ECG signals. The abnormal
ECG signals of patient will send to IP video camera near patient in order to open
for panning video camera of patient and being monitored by the physicians. The
physicians can monitor patient using IP video camera through the web browser
and ECG signals through the application via WiMAX technology.
Key word: WiMAX, ECG Signal, IP Video camera
Published in International Journal of Applied Biomedical Engineering.Vol.3, No.1,
January-July 2010. pp. 51-55.
166
Microcalcification Detection in Mammograms
Using Interval type-2 Fuzzy logic System
with Automatic Membership Function Generation
Suraphon Chumklin1, Sansanee Auephanwiriyakul2 and Nipon Theera-Umpon3
1
2
Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, and is with Biomedical Engineering Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
3
Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Center,
Abstract
Breast cancer is an important deleterious disease. Mortality rate from this
cancer is effectively high and rapidly increasing. The detection at the earlier state
can help to reduce the mortality rate. In this paper, we apply the interval type-2
fuzzy system with automatic membership function generation using the Possibilistic
C-Means (PCM) clustering algorithm. We utilize four features, i.e., B-descriptor,
D-descriptor, average intensity of the inside boundary, and intensity difference
between the inside and the outside boundaries. We also compare the result with
the result from the interval type-2 fuzzy logic system with automatic membership
function generation using the Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering algorithm. The
interval type-2 fuzzy system with PCM membership functions generation yields
the best result, i.e., 89.47% correct classification with only 6 false positives per
image.
Published in the proceeding of Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ), 2010 IEEE International Conference
on 18-23 July 2010, pp. 1-7, Barcelona, Spain.
167
Modeling of a rigid-flexible manipulator
using Hamilton’s principle
Santi Chanwikrai and Matthew O. T. Cole
ABSTRACT
This paper presents a mathematical model of a two-link rigid-flexible manipulator, derived by Hamilton’s principle. The paper shows how the dynamic equations
of motion can be simplified and converted to a form suitable for time-step integration. The equation describing deflection of the flexible end-link is discretized
using the assumed modes method and a finite number of low frequency modes
retained in the conversion to state-space form. A set of simulation results showing
behavior of the model is presented. With the inclusion of a simple damping model,
the simulation model gives physically realistic motion behavior and is therefore
considered suitable for predicting vibration behavior of a rigid-flexible manipulator
and as a tool for designing and testing controllers for reduction of flexible link
vibration.
168
Modified Kinetic Model of Particle Detachment
by Aerodynamic Drag and Vibration
Nakorn Tippayawong and Ittichai Preechawuttipong
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Facutly of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
ABSTRACT
This work is about detachment of deposited particles in turbulent air flow
with external excitation. A kinetic model was modified and applied to the resuspension of microparticles. The modified model was based on the energy accumulation
approach with combined aerodynamic drag and in-plane vibration to separate
particles from a surface. Moments of adhesion, aerodynamic drag, and vibration
acting on particles deposited to the surface were considered. An expression was
obtained for the resuspension rate from surfaces where a spread of adhesive forces
due to surface roughness was taken into account. The model prediction showed
similar trends to the experiments. Frequency of particle-surface interaction was
found to influence removal rate of particles from the surface.
Published in the Proceeding on World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science
(International Conference on Chemical Engineering), San Francisco, USA, 2010.
169
Moisture Content Prediction of Dried Longan Aril
from Dielectric Constant Using Multilayer Perceptrons
and Support Vector Regression
Sanong Amaroek1, Nipon Theera-Umpon2,3, Kittichai Wantanajittikul3
and Sansanee Auephanwiriyakul3,4
1
Postharvest Technology Institute, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai
50200, Thailand.
2
3
50200, Thailand.
4
ABSTRACT
Problem statement: Estimation of moisture contents of dried food products
from their dielectric constants was an important step in moisture measurement
systems. The regression models that provide good prediction performance are
desirable. Approach: The Multilayer Perceptrons (MLP) and Support Vector Regression (SVR) were applied in this research to predict the moisture contents of dried
longan arils from their dielectric constants. The data set was collected from 1500
samples of dried longan aril with five different moisture contents of 10, 14, 18,
22 and 25% Wet basis (Wb.) Dielectric constant of dried longan aril was measured
by using our previously proposed electrical capacitance-based system. The results
from the MLP and SVR models were compared to that from the linear regression
and polynomial regression models. To take into account the generalization of the
models, the four-fold cross validation was applied. Results: For the training sets,
the average mean absolute errors over three bulk densities of 1.30, 1.45 and 1.60
g cm-3 were 1.7578, 0.6157, 0.3812, 0.3113, 0.0103 and 0.0044% Wb for the linear regression, second-, third-, fourth-order polynomial regression, MLP and SVR
models, respectively. For the validation sets, the average mean absolute errors over
the three bulk densities were 1.7616, 0.6192, 0.3844, 0.3146, 0.0126 and 0.0093%
Wb for the linear regression, 2nd, 3rd and 4th-order polynomial regression, MLP
and SVR models, respectively. Conclusion: The regression models based on MLP
and SVR yielded better performances than the models based on linear regression
and polynomial regression on both training and validation sets. The models based
on MLP and SVR also provided robustness to the variation of bulk density. Not
only for dried longan aril, the proposed models can also be adapted and applied
to other materials or dried food products.
Published in American Journal of Applied Sciences, Vol. 7, Issue 11, pp. 1387-1392, July
2010.
170
Non-isothermal pyrolysis characteristics
of giant sensitive plants using thermogravimetric analysis
ABSTRACT
A giant sensitive plant (Mimosa pigra L.) or Mimosa is a fast growing woody
weed that poses a major environmental problem in agricultural and wet land
areas. It may have potential to be used as a renewable energy source. In this work,
thermal behaviour of dried Mimosa was investigated under inert atmosphere in
a thermogravimetric analyzer at the heating rates of 10, 30, and 50°C/min from
room temperature to 1000°C. Pyrolysis kinetic parameters in terms of apparent
activation energy and pre-exponential factor were determined. Two stages of major
mass loss occurred during the thermal decomposition process, corresponding to
degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose between 200-375°C and decomposition
of lignin around 375-700°C. The weed mainly devolatilized around 200-400°C, with
total volatile yield of about 60%. The char in final residue was about 20%. Mass
loss and mass loss rates were strongly affected by heating rate. It was found that
an increase in heating rate resulted in a shift of thermograms to higher temperatures. As the heating rates increased, average devolatilization rates were observed
to increase while the activation energy decreased.
Published in Bioresource Technology 101 (2010) 5638-5644.
171
Numerical Computation of Fluid Flow and Aerosol Transport
in a Long Electrical Mobility Spectrometer
P. Intra, L. P. Purba and N. Tippayawong
ABSTRACT
Size distribution of submicron airborne particles can be effectively determined
using electrical mobility technique. In this study, a numerical computation model
for prediction of fluid flow and aerosol transport in a long column, electrical
mobility spectrometer (EMS) has been developed. The internal 3D structure of
an EMS [Intra and Tippayawong (2009), Korean J. Chem. Eng., 26(1), 269] was
employed to simulate the complex flow patterns and aerosol particle trajectories
in the EMS, including the swirling flow developed near the sheath air inlet slit.
The incompressible Navier-Stokes equations were numerically calculated for the
gas flow and particle trajectories, with a commercial computational fluid dynamics
software package, FLUENT 6.3. The calculated results were found to agree well
with previously published results in the literature. Prediction of fluid flow and
aerosol transport was particularly useful in the EMS design and development.
Published in International Journal of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Vol. 2 n. 1, pp.
16-26, 2010.
172
Optimal Choice and Allocation of Distributed Generations
Using Evolutionary Programming
Rungmanee Jomthong and Peerapol Jirapong
ABSTRACT
In this paper, evolutionary programming (EP) is proposed to determine the
optimal choice and allocation of multi-type distributed generations (DG) to enhance
power transfer capability and minimize system power losses of power transactions
between source and sink areas in power systems. The optimal allocation includes
the optimal type, size, and location. Two types of DG including photovoltaic (PV)
and wind turbine (WT) are used in this study. The objective function is formulated
as maximizing the benefit to cost ratio. The benefit means increasing in total
transfer capability (TTC) with deducting system losses while the costs are the
investment and operating costs of the selected DG units. Power transfer capability
determinations are calculated based on the optimal power flow (OPF) technique.
Test results on the modified IEEE 30-bus system show that the proposed EP can
determine the optimal choice and allocation of DG to achieve the best TTC in the
power system with the highest benefit to cost ratio.
Key words: Distributed power generations, evolutionary programming, optimal
power flow, optimal allocation
Published in Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference, Power and Energy
Systems (AsiaPES 2010) Phuket, Thailand. November 24-26, 2010.
173
Particulate Emission Reduction from Biomass Burning
in Small Combustion Systems with a Multiple Tubular
Electrostatic Precipitator
Panich Intra1, Pravit Limueadphai2 and Nakorn Tippayawong2
1
College of Integrated Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna,
2
ABSTRACT
Biomass utilization via combustion is gaining an increasingly important role
worldwide in heat and power production. Emissions of particulate matter from
biomass burning have drawn considerable attention because of concern over their
possible toxicity and implications for human health. For small-scale applications,
it is desirable to employ a simple, compact, and inexpensive solution to avoid air
quality problems related to biomass combustion. Electrostatic precipitation is a
very reliable method to control particulate emissions from boilers, incinerators, and
other industrial processes. It is therefore applied to small combustors. In this work,
a simple, compact, and cost-effective multiple tubular electrostatic precipitator was
designed and evaluated theoretically and experimentally for removal of particulate
matter from a small biomass combustor. The precipitator consisted of a simple array
of coaxial discharge electrodes placed along the axis of each cylindrical collection
tube. The discharge electrodes were connected to the positive high-voltage supply,
while the cylindrical collection tubes were grounded. The positive high-voltage supply was used to produce the corona discharge field between individual discharge
electrode and collection tube. The particle-laden exhaust gas flow from the small
biomass furnace was directed across the corona discharge field and then charged.
The charged particles were deflected outward in a radial direction and deposited
on the collection tube wall. The overall collection efficiency of the electrostatic
device was evaluated as a mass loading ratio of the difference at inlet and outlet
to the particle loading at the inlet of the device. It was found that about 70%
overall collection efficiency can be achieved with a relatively simple multiple tubular electrostatic precipitator design. The device appeared to be a promising tool
for reduction of particulate matter in flue gas from a small biomass combustion
system.
Key words: biomass burning, electrostatic precipitator, flue gas cleaning, particulate
emissions, small combustor
Published in Particulate Science and Technology, 28: 547-565, 2010.
174
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION OF AGRICULTURAL DIESEL ENGINE
USING PALM-DIESEL EMULSION AS FUEL
Kitipong Nakpakdee1 and Tanonkiat Kiatsiriroat2
1
2
ABSTRACT
Experimental study on agricultural diesel engine performance with emulsified
oil has been carried out. In the study, palm-diesel oil with 5%v/v water, diese oil
with 5% v/v water and pure diesel oil were tested in a single piston diesel engine
having an auxiliary combustion chamber at a speed of 1000-2000 rpm. The results
showed that the torques and the other performancefron all fuels gave similar values
but CO, NOx and black smoke from the two emulsified oils were less than these
of the diesel oil. The rate of fuel combustion from the palm-diesel emulsion was
highest followed by diesel emulsion due to the higher viscosity and lower heating
value compared with pure diesel.
Key words: Palm-Diesel Emulsion, Diesel Engine, Performance, Emission
175
Performance Evaluation of NTPv4 When SPIK State
Cannot Step Frequency
Yuthapong Somchit
Mai, Thailand.
Abstract
Network time protocol version 4 (NTPv4) is widely used to keep the time
of NTPv4 client machine to be synchronized with the NTPv4 time server. NTPv4
does not adjust only the time but it also adjusts the frequency of the clock on
client machine correspondingly to the NTPv4 server. In the NTPv4 specification,
when time difference on NTPv4 client and server is greater than a threshold for
a period of time, the NTPv4 is able to largely adjust the frequency at once. This
action is called frequency stepping. However, in the real NTPv4 implementation, the
frequency stepping was removed under this condition. This paper studies the effects
of this missing action focusing on the time that NTPv4 client spends to adjust its
clock frequency. The experiment was done under the scenario that NTPv4 client
had to readjust its frequency. The results show that without frequency stepping,
the NTPv4 spends time noticeably long to readjust its frequency. This ensures that
NTPv4 should still use the frequency stepping for frequency readjustment in the
real implementation.
Published in ECTI-CON 2010, May 19-21, 2010.
176
Performance of Wire-on-tube Heat Exchanger
Using OscillatingHeat Pipe Fin, A Case Study
of Free Convection
Tawat Samana1, Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat1 and Atipoang Nuntaphan2
1
2
Thermal Technology Research Laboratory, Mae Moh Training Center, Electricity Generating
Authority of Thailand, Mae Moh, Lampang 52220, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research is to study the performance of wire-on tube
heat exchanger using an oscillating heat pipe as its extended surface. R123 was
selected as a working fluid of the oscillating heat pipe. The experiments were
performed in a natural convection mode by exchanging heat between the hot
water flowing inside the heat exchanger tube and the surrounding air. The inlet
water temperature was varied between 40 and 85°C. The ambient temperature was
kept constant around 25°C. It is found that the performance of wire-on-tube heat
exchanger using an oscillating heat pipe fin is higher than that of a conventional
wire-on-tube heat exchanger. Moreover the effect of heat exchanger setting position is also investigated. The result shows that horizontal plane heat exchanger
has higher heat transfer performance than that of vertical plane.
Published in the proceeding of The 9th Conference on Energy, Heat and Mass Transfer
177
Piezo Actuated Print Head System
for Drop-On-Demand Printer
Manatpong Mongkrai and Mana Saedan
ABSTRACT
This paper discusses the development of the print-head system for drop-ondemand printer. Our drop-on-demand printer is being used for rapid prototyping
applications that fabricate objects layer-bylayer. The advantage of the drop-on-demand
printing over other existing techniques is that it can incorporate multi-materials to
create a single object. Our print-head is made based on “squeeze mode” actuation
that utilizes a piezo tube as an actuator. The print-head is designed to be nozzle
or reservoir interchangeable. The result of experimental, print head can dropped
on generate voltage = ±120 Volt. The print-head functional is verified using pure
water is a printing media. The success of our development can be applied directly
to multi-material dispensing.
Key words: Print Head, Drop-On-Demand system, Rapid Prototype
Published in the Proceeding on The 24th Conference of the Mechanical, Engineering
178
POTENTIAL OF DENDROTHERMAL POWER GENERATION
IN THAILAND AND ITS CONCERNS
Abhinav Kulkarni1, Jenjira Piamdee2, Nat Vorayos2 and Weerachai Arjharn3
1
International Program Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Facutly of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
2
3
Department of Agricultural Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakorn Rachasrima 30000, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
Fast rotation woods can grow rapidly within 3-5 years in plantation area
and they give large amount of yield. Their high heating values are a good choice
to use as fuel for electrification and energy. By using fast rotation wood as fuel
in a form of woodchips, the Downdraft Gasification and Rankine Steam Power of
approximately 100kw can sufficiently serve the demand in small villages of Thailand
of around 100 dwellings. The environmental concerns are also needed to be taken
into consideration and also the selling cost of electricity to the government power
line. As fuel is taken from plantation instead of fossil-based source, this definitely
can reduce greenhouse gas emissions in total. However, biodiversity can be taken
into consideration on environmental impact if single species of fast rotation wood
is used in vast area of wood fuel plantation. The results from basic calculation
based on work at Chiang Mai University and Suranaee University of Technology in
Thailand indicate that the Dendrothermal Power plant has high potential of being
a success for sustainable development in small communities when the fuel wood
plantation and transportation are well managed. Additionally, rotation of wood fuel
plantation does help to cope with carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere but
also helps to generate extra income to the agricultural community.
Key words: Dendrothermal Powerplant, Rankine Steam System, Downdraft Gasifier,
Mixed Plantation, Biodiversity
179
Processing of hornblende syenite for ceramics
Chairoj Rattanakawin1, Suraphol Phuvichit2,
Yuenyong Panjasawatwong3 and Siwadol Supapia4
1
Department of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
2
Department of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn
University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
3
Department of Geological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai
50200, Thailand.
4
Department of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research is to preliminarily study of hornblende
syenite processing. The study includes characterization, separation and evaluation.
Characterization has been carried out using thin section, X-ray diffraction, X-ray
fluorescence and electrokinetic measurement. A variety of techniques such as magnetic separation, froth flotation and combination of these techniques were used to
separate feldspar from syenite. Evaluation of the separations has been done using
data from yield of feldspar, X-ray fluorescence and cone firing test. The feldspar
yield was used to evaluate the process efficiency. Besides, the chemical analysis,
cone shrinkage, fired color and degree of vitrification were used to monitor the
quality of the recovered feldspars. The feldspars were furthermore compared with
the standard feldspar samples obtaining from a ceramic manufacturer. Finally, the
processed feldspars were graded for using in various kinds of ceramics.
Key words: ceramics, feldspar, hornblende syenite, mineral processing
Published in Processing of hornblende syenite for ceramics Songklanakarin J. Sci.
Technol., 32(2), 189-195, Mar.-Apr. 2010.
180
Production of Charcoal from Woods and Bamboo
in a Small Natural Draft Carbonizer
Nakorn Tippayawong, Nakarin Saengow, Ekarin Chaiya and Narawut Srisang
ABSTRACT
There is a strong domestic market for charcoal in Thailand and many developing countries. Charcoal is usually made from biomass materials in small
scale, simple kilns. Traditional charcoal making kilns adopts a process that is very
inefficient, and damaging to the environment. In this work, an alternative charcoal
reactor based on natural draft, pyrolysis gas burning concept was proposed and
demonstrated. Tests with woods and bamboo showed that good quality charcoal
can be produced in shorter time with lower pollution emissions, compared with
traditional kilns. The proposed carbonizer proved to be suitable for small scale,
charcoal production in rural areas.
Published in International Journal of Energy & Environment, Vol. 1 n. 5, pp. 911-918,
2010.
181
Production Cost Analysis in an Aluminum Die-Casting
Department Using Activity-Based Costing System
Dararat Pankan and Rungchat Chompu-inwai
ABSTRACT
Product costs calculated through the use of traditional accounting methods
are not based on criteria appropriate to the actual use of resources. As a result,
employing activity-based costing will ensure that product costs are more accurate
and are consistent with the use of resources. The method of analysis of this research
began with the study of a traditional accounting system, in order to understand
traditional product costing methods, then moved on to an analysis of product
costing using an activity-based costing methodology, one which involves carrying
out activity analysis, resource driver identification, activity-based costing, activity
driver specification and activity cost allocation within the cost objects. By employing
activity-based costing for those five products with the highest sales, it was found
that two products incurred lower costs and the other three incurred higher costs
than when using traditional costing methods. In addition, those products with
the same production process incurred similar production costs. Product costs
calculated using activity-based costing, are mainly based on actual activities, and
this method recognizes that activities consume production resources. As a result,
any product associated with a high number of activities will, in turn, incur higher
production costs than one associated with a lower number of activities. Employing
activity-based costing methods for product costing; therefore, is more consistent
with the actual use of resources than traditional costing methods.
Published in Engineering Journal CMU Vol. 17, No. 2, May-August, 2010.
182
Quantification of Liquid Water Saturation in a
Transparent Single-Serpentine Cathode Flow Channel
of PEM Fuel Cell by Using Image Processing
S. Nirunsin and Y. Khunatorn
ABSTRACT
The objective of this research is to quantify the water content on the cathode
side in various PEM fuel cell operations. It can be revealed by direct visualization
in an operational transparent single-serpentine PEM fuel cell. Images of liquid
water accumulated inside the cathode flow channel were recorded by a digital
camera to study water flooding in PEM fuel cell. The water coverage area in the
cathode flow channel was estimated by an image processing technique. The effects
of oxygen flow rate, cell temperature and time development on the water flooding
were studied. The results indicated that excessive low or high cell temperature
caused water to flood into the PEM fuel cell. The increasing of oxygen flow rate
can remove more liquid water out of the cathode flow channel. However, too high
oxygen flow rate caused the insufficient water content to maintain the membrane
in the hydrated state and the dramatic decrease of fuel cell’s performance. The
water flooding did not appear in a single-serpentine cathode flow channel when a
transparent PEM fuel cell has operated within 40 minutes.
Key words: PEM fuel cell; water management; direct visualization; transparent
single-serpentine, image processing.
Published in Journal of Sustainable Energy & Environment 1 (2010) 129-135.
183
RECOVERING AND UPGRADING WASTE HEAT OF AIR-CONDITIONER
BY COMBINING R-123 VAPOR COMPRESSION HEAT PUMP
Nattaporn Chaiyat and Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat
ABSTRACT
Experimental study of a vapor compression heat pump to recover waste heat
from water-cooled condensers of 2 air-conditioners each of 12,000 BTU/h cooling
capacity has been carried out. The waste heat could be upgraded for generating hot
water up to 70°C. The AC EER of the airconditions for the water-cooled condenser
could be 20% higher than that of the air-cooled units. But when the generating
hot water is not used, the cooling water temperature should not be higher 45°C,
otherwise, the water-cooled unit could not get an advantage in term of AC EER.
A simplified model of the heat pump for recovering the waste heat from watercooled air conditioners in a hospital that need hot water around 815 litre/d. The
payback is found to be 1.4 y compared with that the electric heater.
Published in the proceeding of The 9th Conference on Energy, Heat and Mass Transfer
184
Selection of efficient wavelengths in NIR spectrum
for determination of dry matter in kiwi fruit
Lu Qiang1, Tang Mingjie1, Cai Jianrong1, Lu Huazhu1 and Sumpun Chaitep2
1
School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013,
China.
2
ABSTRACT
The feasibility of using efficient wavelengths in the near-infrared (NIR)
spectrum for the rapid determination of the dry matter (DM) in kiwi fruit was
investigated. Partial least squares (PLS), synergy interval PLS (siPLS) and genetic
algorithm siPLS (GA-siPLS) were comparatively performed to calibrate regression
models. The number of wavelengths and the number of PLS components were
optimised as per the root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) in the
calibration set. The performance of the final model was evaluated by the root
mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) and the correlation coefficient (r) in
the prediction set. Results indicate that the performance of GA-siPLS model is the
best one compared to PLS and siPLS models. The optimal model was achieved
with r = 0.9020 and RMSEP = 0.5315 in the prediction set. This work shows that
it is feasible to determine DM in kiwi fruit using NIR spectroscopy and that GAsiPLS algorithm is most suitable in solving the problem of selection of efficient
wavelengths.
Published in Maejo Internaitonal Journal of Science and Technology, Vol. 4 n. 1, pp.
113-124, 2010.
185
Simulation of Cassava Chip Drying using Convective Hot-Air
Tossaporn Wimuktacom and Aree Achariyaviriya
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research was to determine the equation of drying constant and to develop a model for the drying system of cassava chip using hot air.
Cassava chip was classified into three sizes (small, medium and large). Thin-layer
drying experiments were carried out at drying air temperatures of 40, 50, 60, 70
and 80°C with an air velocity of 2.3 m/s. The drying equation evaluated in this
study included the semi - theory and empirical equations (Page and Henderson
& Pabis models) where theirs drying constants were represented as a function of
drying air temperature and product size. From the results, it was found that Page
model provided the best to fit of data. A near -equilibrium model of drying system
of cassava chip was used to predict the drying rate and specific energy consumption
and validate with experimental data. Comparisons showed that simulated results
were in agreement with experimental values. The simulated results also indicated
that the drying rate decreased and specific energy consumption increased as the
drying air temperature and cassava chip size increased.
186
Temperature Reduction in Hydroponic Planting System Using
Heat Pipe
Paramet Suttiprapa, Phurt Sakulchangsatjatai, Nednapa Insalud
and Pradit Terdtoon
Abstract
This paper presents an establishment of a mathematical model to determine
the optimal size of heat pipe (thermosyphon) heat exchanger for educe the inlet
air temperature in evaporative cooling system of greenhouse. The condition of
a mathematical model is the total length of heat pipe is 1.5 m. A mathematical model will determine the optimal value of evaporator section and condenser
section. The range of evaporator length is 0.5-1.4 m with an icrement of 0.1 m
and condenser length is in range of 0.1-1.0 m with an increment of 0.1 m. The
inlet air temperature in evaporative cooling of greenhouse is depend on ambient
temperature about 35 degree Celsius. While, the cooling water temperature is 20
degree Celsius. Evaporative pad of evaporative cooling system is 2 m in width and
7 m in leghth. From the conditions above, the optimize results from a mathematical model are as follows: evaporater section length is 0.9 m and condense section
length is 0.6 m moreover, it was shown that investment, net saving and maximum
heat rate are 79.83 Thousand Baht, 0.552 Million Baht and 15.6 kW respectively.
Key Words: Evaporative Cooling, Greenhouse, Heat Pipe, Hydroponic System.
Thermosyphon.
Published in the Proceedings of The 2nd RMUTP International Conference Green Technology and Productivity, pp 90-95, Bangkok, Thailand, 29-30 June 2010.
187
THE ANALYSIS OF ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND CARBON
DIOXIDE EMISSIONS IN THAI MANUFACTURING SECTOR
BY DECOMPOSITION TECHNIQUE
Yasintinee Aimyuak, Wongkot Wongsapai and Chatchawan Chaichana
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Muang,
ABSTRACT
Manufacturing sector is the most effect in Thai energy consumption and
CO2 emissions for many years. This paper shows an analysis of the change in
energy intensities and CO2 emission intensities from manufacturing sector energy
consumption by decomposition method type AMD(Arithmetic Mean Divisia index)
and LMD (Logarithmic Mean Divisia index). These methods present the effect of
energy intensities, the effect of the changes in structure and the effect of the economic growth on the energy consumption data from 1981 to 2007. The analysis
is carried out in four phases; i.e. (i)pre-economic boom (ii)economic boom, (iii)
Asian economic crisis, (iv)third world energy crisis. The results indicate that both
energy and CO2 intensities have increased in period of economic boom (1989 to
1996). Then, during the economic crisis (1997 to 2004) both intensities declined
due mostly to a fall in energy intensities. The last period, both intensities fell
due to structural fuel mix effects and the rising of the energy price. The analysis
also indicated that non-metallic and basic metal manufacturing sub-sector play an
important role to energy consumption and the change in both intensities. Hence,
the national energy conservation play should be placed on the energy intensive
sector by proper policy recommendation and measures implementation.
Key words: Energy decomposition, Carbon dioxide decomposition, Manufacturing
sector, Thailand
188
The design and performance of constructed wetlands
for wastewater treatment in tropical regions
S. Kantawanichkul
ABSTRACT
Tropical climate provides good opportunity for the success of treatment
wetlands as high temperature influencing the biological degradation and the
growth of macrophytes. Therefore, high temperature could be beneficial for less
land requirement and higher hydraulic loading application to the system. In the
last 10 years the number of constructed wetlands are increasing in tropical region
especially in Asia. Up to 2006, approximately 82 full scale constructed wetlands
have been implemented in Taiwan. The design of constructed wetlands in Taiwan
has been integrated into the development of green architecture so they are also
provided as a recreation areas. In Singapore, there are 19 wetland projects and
most of them are for storm water and reservoir water treatment. The largest constructed wetland in the tropic is in Malaysia called Putrajaya and was implemented
for storm water treatment. In Thailand, the constructed wetland was introduced
by the king Bhumibol in 1992. However, it has not become very popular. It was
found that most of the constructed wetlands have been left without good operation and maintenance. The failures were caused by many reasons such as the lack
of local people participation, regular budget for operation and maintenance and
knowledge for the design and construction.
Published in a proceedings on the 12th International Conference on Wetland Systems
for Water Pollution Control. pp.23, Venice, Italy, October, 2010.
189
THE STUDY OF BIOCHAR PROPORTY FROM SLOW PYROLYSIS OF ALGAE
Kanyaporn Chaiwong1, Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat2 and Churat Thararux3
1
Thailand.
2
3
Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
Biochar is an acceptable technology for carbon storage in the earth produce.
It has a potential decrease CO2 in the atmosphere and solve the global warming
situation. This research proposes the biochar production from algae with slow
pyrolysis process in a bed reactor at 550°C. The results are found that the produced biochar from this process has a property nearly to that from other biomass
resource at the same condition. The comparison results is found the fixed carbon
composition in the biochar of Cladophora spp. gives high component of carbon
of 59.66%, this value is higher than those of Spirulina spp. and Sprogyra Spp.,.
Moreover, the fuel properties are similar to those of fossil fuel and Oak biochar.
Published in the Proceedings of the 9th Conference on Energy, Heat and Mass Transfer
190
The Study of Maximum Load of Thin-wall Paper Tube
Under Axial Compressive Load
Piyaphong Pantana and Thongchai Fongsamootr
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the study on the maximum static axial compressive
load of thin-wall paper tube. The experiment, which used universal materials
testing machine: Instron series 5566, with a constant compression rate 2 mm/
min, and theory calculation will be studies and then the results were compared.
The specimens were created from Kraft-Paper. There were 3 values of radii, which
are 25, 35 and 50 millimeters, and height that are 100, 200 and 300 millimeters.
The specimens were divided to 3 types: 125, 185 and 230 gram. The thicknesses
of each type were 0.157, 0.236 and 0.298 mm, respectively. And compressive load
were applied in machine and cross machine direction of paper. The results showed
that the maximum compressive load of experiment and theory calculation were
consistent trend. And thickness had the most influenced on the maximum compressive load.
191
THE TEST OF A MODULAR CHEMICAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM USING
SODIUMSULPHIDE-WATER AS WORKING PAIR
Prachaya Siriya and Wipawadee Wongsuwan
ABSTRACT
Energy storage system is one that relevant to the increasing of energy
efficiency of industrial sector using thermal energy. This research reported the test
results of operating cycle of a chemical energy storage using sodium sulfide-water
working pair to enhance compactness. The analysis focus on the effect on system
performance, i.e., coefficient of performance for heating (COPh), specific heat
storage power (SHP) and volumetric heat production (VHP), if varying evaporator
temperature (25-45°C) and temperature of heat transfer fluid during decomposition process (80, 90°C). The operating pressure was varied in the range of 3-10
kPa. In summary, raising evaporator temperature results in higher the COPh and
SHP, however, in contrary to the effect of increasing heat source temperature. The
maximum obtained COPh was 1.77. Therefore, this small chemical energy storage
module has possibility to be enlarged as greater system having several modules.
Published in the proceeding of the 9th Conference on Energy, Heat and Mass Transfer
192
Thermal characteristics of louvered fins
with a low-reynolds number flow
Nat Vorayos and Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat
ABSTRACT
A heat recovery system is crucial for the effective use of energy where heat
rejection from production processes is unavoidable and must be reused. The
response of the louvered fins to the low-Reynolds number hot gas is yet to be
reported in the literature for the application of a heat exchanger on low-speed hot
plume arising from heat sources in production processes. This study focuses on
the effects of the louvered fin heat exchangerís design parameters, which include
the louver pitch and louver angle, on the convective heat transfer, which defines
the thermal interaction between the hot, buoyant, naturally-induced air and the
louvered fins. The resulting Colburn factors (j) are compared with those derived
under forced convection with a similar range of low Reynolds number (233 to
1024). All experiments are done on a 15:1 scaled-up model. The fin aspect ratios
between the fin spacing and louver pitch are set at 0.75, 1, and 1.5, while the
louver angles are set at 18°, 23°, 30°, 35°, and 40°. The Colburn factor strongly
depends on the louver angle, especially at the lower range of the Reynolds number.
The decreasing aspect ratio induces more hot buoyant air into the louver-formed
channels, increasing the heat transfer rate. When the fin angle increases towards
30°, a larger Colburn factor is produced. However, the heat transfer characteristic
drops as the angle goes beyond 30°. The highest j for the low speed flow is attained
when the louver angle is 30° and the fin aspect ratio is 1.
Published in Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, Vol. 2010 n. 24, pp. 1-6,
2010.
193
THERMAL EFFICIENCY OF FIRE TUBE BOILER
USED MAYAOHIN BIODIESEL AS A FUEL
Kitipong Nakpakdee1, Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat2, Vorapoj Pothacharoen3,
Kanyaporn Chaiwong3 and Nuttawut Dussadee4
1
2
3
Thailand.
4
Energy Research Center, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50210, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
Vernicia montana Lour, named in Thai as Mayaohin, is an oil free of which
the crude oil could be transformed into bio-diesel. This work applies the crude
oil in the forms of bio-diesel. This work applies the crude oil in the forms of
bio-diesel and emulsion are used as fuel in a boiler for studying the thermal
efficiency and emission. The results show that the emulsified fuel give the boiler
efficiency of 66.94% compared with 69.00% for diesel oil and 62.28% from the
biodiesel. Besides, the nitrogen oxide emission (NOx) from the emulsified oil and
the biodiesel could be reduced 15.58%, and 5.20%, respectively, from that from
the diesel fuel. However, the fuel consumption of the biofuels in both forms are
higher than that from the diesel.
Published in the Proceedings of the 9th Conference on Energy, Heat and Mass Transfer
194
Thermogravimetric analysis of giant sensitive plants
under air atmosphere
Mai 50200, Thailand
ABSTRACT
The aim of this work is to utilise thermal analysis to study the thermal
degradation of giant sensitive plants (Mimosa pigra L.) or Mimosa under oxidative
environment. Thermogravimetric method was used under air sweeping in dynamic
conditions at the heating rates of 10, 30, and 50°C/min, from room temperature
to about 725°C. Starting with dehydration step between 30 and 150°C, the main
thermal decomposition process under air showed two distinct degradation zones,
corresponding to devolatilisation step between 200 and 37°C and combustion step
around 375-500°C. Kinetic parameters in terms of apparent activation energy and
pre-exponential factor were determined. Comparison was made against other biomass
materials. Mass loss and mass loss rates were strongly affected by heating rate. It
was found that an increase in heating rate resulted in a shift of thermograms to
higher temperatures. As the heating rates increased, average devolatilisation and
combustion rates were observed to increase while the activation energy showed
slight increase.
Published in Bioresource Technology 101 (2010) 9314-9320.
195
UPGRADING OF LOW TEMPERATURE SOLAR HEAT
FOR HIGHER TEMPERATURE APPLICATION AND COOLING
Nattaporn Chaiyat and Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat
ABSTRACT
Solar energy is a clean energy and its application could reduce global warming potential (GWP) effect. In this study, improvement of low temperature heat
at 60-90 from common flat-plats solar collector is upgraded to around 120 is by
Water-Liber heat transformer is presented. The high temperature heat could be
taken as a heat source for electricity generation through an organic rankine cycle
(ORC) or for cooling by an absorption chiller.
Key words: Solar energy, heating, cooling, Absorption chiller, Heat transformer
196
Use of oscillating heat pipe technique as extended
surface in wire-on-tube heat exchanger
for heat transfer enhancement
Atipoang Nuntaphan1, Sanparwat Vithayasai2, Nat Vorayos2,
Nattanee Vorayos2 and Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat2
1
Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand, Mae Moh, Lampang, Thailand.
Technology Licensing Office, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
2
ABSTRACT
This paper presents the performance of a wire-on-tube heat exchanger of
which the wire is an oscillating heat pipe. The experiments for this heat exchanger
were performed in a wind tunnel by exchanging heat between hot water flowing
inside the heat exchanger tubes and air stream flowing across the external surface.
R123, methanol and acetone were selected as working fluids of the oscillating
heat pipe. The inlet water temperature was varied from 45 to 85°C while the inlet
air temperature was kept constant at 25°C. The results show that the oscillating
heat pipe technique for all working fluids could increase around 10% of the heat
transfer rate obtained from that without the refrigerant flow in the capillary tube
when the inlet water temperature is at 60°C. Moreover, the heat transfer models
for evaluating the heat exchanger effectiveness and the air-side heat transfer coefficient, are also developed in this work. These results of the models agreed very
well with the experimental data.
Published in Heat Transfer Engineering, Vol. 2010, 2010.
197
WATER QUALITY VARIATION IN A POND RAISING
TILAPIA CAGE CULTURE
Somjai Karnchanawong1, Nantawan Saengroj1,
Prapatsorn Lohwanta1 and Noppadol Kongsricharoen2
1
2
Thai Environmental and Energy Development Company, 28/6 Thavornvilla, Moo 7, Lumlooka
Road, Tumbol Ladsavai, Amphoe Lumlooka, Pathumthani 12150, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
The objectives of this study were to determine the water quality in the pond
raising tilapia culture in floating net cage. In addition the BOD, N and P generation rates from fish raising were also evaluated. Five hundreds of Tilapias with 5
centimeter length were released into the cage (2.0 m width, 6.0 m length, and
1.0 m depth) installed in a pond (18 m width, 18 m length, and 3.0 m depth) and
were fed twice a day with commercial floating granule food for 7 months. Twelve
cubic meters of water from Kuang River was pumped into the pond once a week
from the 3rd week after raising. The water in the pond were sampled and analyzed
for temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, BOD, NO2-N, NO3-N, NH3-N,
Org-N and TP. The results revealed that the Ti lapia culture in floating net cage
resulted in the decreasing of dissolved oxygen and increasing of BOD and N in
the water. However, the increasing of TP content in the water was not observed.
The BOD and N generation rate from the tilapia culture were 4.34 and 3.4 g/kg
fish production, respectively.
Key words: Tilapia, water quality, dissolved oxygen, BOD, nitrogen
Published in the Proceedings on the 9th National Environmental Conference, 24-27
March 2010. Ubonratchatani.
198
2-[3-(2-Aminoethylsulfanyl)propylsulfanyl]ethanamine
Bearing Dansyl Subunits: An Efficient, Simple, and Rapid
Fluorometric Sensor for the Detection of Mercury(II) Ions
Wanichacheva Nantanit1, Kamkaew Anyanee1, Watpathomsub Supranee1,
Lee Vannajan Sanghiran2,3 and Grudpan Kate3
1
Silpakorn University, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nakhon Pathom 73000,
Thailand.
2
Communication of Higher Education, Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Bangkok
10400, Thailand.
3
Department of Chemistry, Center of Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai
50200, Thailand.
Abstract
A novel fluorometric sensor possessing two dansyl moieties based on
2-[3-(2-aminoethylsulfanyl)propylsulfanyl]ethanamine 1 was prepared by a wady
synthetic approach using a conventional two-step synthesis I exhibits highly
sensitive and selective on-off Hg(2+) fluorescence quenching behavior in aqueous
acetonitrile solutions and is shown to discriminate various competing metal ionssuch as Cu(2+), Ag(+), Ca(2+), Mn(2+), Zn(2+), Ba(2+), Cd(2+), Co(2+), Na(+),
and K(+) exhibiting a detection limit of 7 nM or 1.4 ppb with a working range of
1.8-15 ppb.
Key words: SELECTIVE FLUORESCENT CHEMOSENSOR; PHOTOPHYSICAL
PROPERTIES; CATION-BINDING; AQUEOUS-MEDIA; FLUOROIONOPHORE; FLUOROPHORE; CROWN; FISH; CHROMOIONOPHORE; BEHAVIORS
CHEMISTRY LETTERS Volume: 39 Issue: 10 Pages: 1099-1101 DOI: 10.1246/cl.2010.1099
Published: OCT 5 2010.
199
A Barium-Calcium Silicate Glass for Use as Seals
in Planar SOFCs
Namwong Prachaya2, Laorodphan Nattapol1, Thiemsorn Worapong1,
Jaimasith Manat1, Wannakon Anucha3 and Chairuangsri Torranin1
1
Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai
50200, Thailand.
2
3
National Metal and Materials Technology Center, Bangkok 12120, Thailand.
Abstract
A barium-calcium silicate glass for use as seals in planar SOFCs with a chemical composition of 40.78mol%BaO-4.36mol%CaO-0.62mol%Al(2)O(3)-0.83mol%B(2)
O(3)-47.41mol% SiO(2) was studied. Its coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE)
between 25-640 degrees C, glass transformation temperature (T g) and softening
temperature (T(s)), determined by dilatometry, were 10.6x10(-6)degrees C(-1),
646 degrees C and 694 degrees C, respectively. Isothermal devitrification heat
treatment at 800 degrees C, which is in the intermediate operation temperature
range of planar SOFCs, revealed surface crystallization of various crystalline phases
identified by XRD and SEM-EDS as BaAl(2)Si(2)O(8) (hexacelsian), BaSiO(3) and
BaCa(2)Si(3)O(9). Kinetics of devitrification followed the Johnson-Mehl-AvramiKolmogorov relationship with the Avrami exponent of 1.4. The overall CTE of
the obtained glass-ceramic after the isothermal devitrification heat treatment was
comparable to that of the glass. Adhesion test between the glass and the other
components including YSZ and stainless steel grade AISI430 revealed that good
union was achieved. The interfacial phenomena were studied by SEM-EDS and the
mechanism of bonding were discussed.
Key words: OXIDE FUEL-CELLS; CRYSTALLIZATION KINETICS; CERAMIC SEALANT; NUCLEATION; GROWTH; ZN; MG
CHIANG MAI JOURNAL OF SCIENCE Volume: 37 Issue: 2 Pages: 231-242 Published:
MAY 2010.
200
A Hybrid Method for a Countable Family of Multivalued Maps,
Equilibrium Problems, and Variational Inequality Problems
Cholamjiak Watcharaporn1,2 and Suantai Suthep1,2
1
Thailand.
2
Mahidol University, PERDO National Center of Excellence in Mathematics, Faculty of Science,
Abstract
We introduce a new monotone hybrid iterative scheme for finding a common
element of the set of common fixed points of a countable family of nonexpansive
multivalued maps, the set of solutions of variational inequality problem, and the set
of the solutions of the equilibrium problem in a Hilbert space. Strong convergence
theorems of the purposed iteration are established.
Key Words: STRONG-CONVERGENCE THEOREMS; NONEXPANSIVE-MAPPINGS;
BANACH-SPACES; FIXED-POINTS; MANN; WEAK; SEMIGROUPS
DISCRETE DYNAMICS IN NATURE AND SOCIETY Article Number: 349158 DOI:
10.1155/2010/349158 Published: 2010
201
A microflow chemiluminescence system for determination
of chloramphenicol in honey with preconcentration
using a molecularly imprinted polymer
Thongchai Wisanu2, Liawruangath Boonsom2,
Liawruangrath Saisunee3,4,5 and Greenway, Gillian M.1
1
University of Hull, Department of Chemistry, Kingston Upon Hull HU6 7RX, N Humberside,
England.
2
Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
3
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand.
4
Center of Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai
50200, Thailand.
5
Abstract
A novel chemiluminescence (CL) microfluidic system incorporating a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) preconcentration step was used for the determination of chloramphenicol in honey samples. The MIP was prepared by using
chloramphenicol as the template, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DAM) as the
function monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the cross-linking
monomer, 2, 2’-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA) as the free radical initiator
and toluene and dodecanol as the solvent. The MIP was pre-loaded into a 10 mm
long, 2 mm wide and 1501,,m deep channel in a planar glass microfluidic device.
When the sample containing chloramphenicol was introduced into the microfluidic
device it was first preconcentrated on the MIP then detected by an enhancement
effect on the chemiluminescence reaction of tris(2, 2’-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) with
cerium(IV) sulphate in sulphuric acid. A micro-syringe pump was used to pump
the reagents. The CL intensity was linear in relationship to the chloramphenicol
concentrations from 1.55 x 10(-4) to 3.09 x 10(-3) mu mol L(-1) (r(2) = 0.9915)
and the detection limit (3 sigma) and the quantitation limit (10 sigma)were found
to be 7.46 x 10(-6) and 2.48 x 10(-5) mu mol L(-1), respectively. This method offered a high selectivity and sensitivity for quantitative analysis of chloramphenicol
in the honey samples. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Key words: Chloramphenicol; Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP); Chemiluminscence; Microfluidics; MicroFIA
TALANTA Volume: 82 Issue: 2 Pages: 560-566 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.05.007 Published: JUL 15 2010.
202
A Multiple Processing Hybrid Flow System for Analysis
of Formaldehyde Contamination in Food
Teerasong Saowapak2, Amornthammarong Natchanon3,
Grudpan Kate4, Teshima Norio5, Sakai Tadao5, Nacapricha Duangjai6,7
and Ratanawimarnwong Nuanlaor1
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110,
Thailand.
2
Institute for Innovation Learning, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
3
NOAA, Ocean Chemistry Division AOML, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
4
Thailand.
5
Department of Applied Chemistry, Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota 4700392, Japan.
6
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
7
Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University,
Abstract
This work proposes a flow system suitable for the rapid screening of formaldehyde contaminated in food. The system is based on the concept of a flow analyzer
with a Hantzsch reaction. An operating procedure was developed for multiple tasking and high sample throughput. This resulted in a significant sample throughput
of 51 samples h(-1). Under the optimized conditions, linear calibration from 10
to 100 mu M was obtained. The system gave a limit of detection and a limit of
quantitation of 0.06 and 0.10 mg kg(-1), respectively. The system was successfully
applied to re-hydrated dry squids, vegetables and mushrooms.
Key Words: SENSITIVE DETERMINATION; RAPID-DETERMINATION; TRACE FORMALDEHYDE; INJECTION ANALYSIS; BEVERAGES; ANALYZER; FISH; GAS; AIR
ANALYTICAL SCIENCES Volume: 26 Issue: 5 Pages: 629-633 Published: MAY 2010.
203
A new approximation method for common fixed points
of a finite family of asymptotically quasi-nonexpansive
mappings in Banach spaces
Kettapun Atichart, Kananthai Amnuay and Suantai Suthep
Deparment of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand.
Abstract
In this paper, we consider a new iterative scheme to approximate a common
fixed point for a finite family of asymptotically quasi-nonexpansive mappings. We
prove several strong and weak convergence results of the proposed iteration in
Banach spaces. These results generalize and refine many known results in the
current literature. (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Key words: Modified Mann and Ishikawa iterations; Asymptotically quasi-nonexpansive mappings; Common fixed points; Uniformly convex Banach spaces
COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS Volume: 60 Issue: 5 Pages: 14301439 DOI: 10.1016/j.camwa.2010.06.025 Published: SEP 2010.
204
A New Approximation Method for Common Fixed Points
of a Finite Family of Generalized Asymptotically
Quasinonexpansive Mappings in Banach Spaces
Yatakoat Pornsak and Suantai Suthep
Deparment of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand.
Abstract
We introduce a new iterative scheme to approximate a common fixed point
for a finite family of generalized asymptotically quasinonexpansive mappings. Several
strong and weak convergence theorems of the proposed iteration in Banach spaces
are established. The main results obtianed in this paper generalize and refine many
known results in the current literature.
Key Words: QUASI-NONEXPANSIVE MAPPINGS; IMPLICIT ITERATION PROCESS;
STRONG-CONVERGENCE THEOREMS; VISCOSITY APPROXIMATION; ERRORS;
MAPS
ABSTRACT AND APPLIED ANALYSIS Article Number: 706587 DOI: 10.1155/2010/706587
Published: 2010.
205
A New Azwafluorenone from the Roots of Polyalthia
cerasoides and its Biological Activity
Pumsalid Kanchana1,2, Thaisuchat Haruthai1,2, Loetchutinat Chatchanok3,
Nuntasaen Narong4, Meepowpan Puttinan5,6 and Pompimon Wilart1,2
1
Natural Products Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Lampang Rajabhat University, Lampang
52100, Thailand.
2
Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Lampang Rajabhat University, Lampang 52100, Thailand.
3
Laboratory of Physical Chemistry Moleculan and Cellular Biolgy (PCMCB), Center of Excellence
for Molecular Imaging, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
4
Department of National Park Wildlife & Plant Conservation, Ministry of Natural Resources &
Environment, Forest Herbarium, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
5
Thailand.
6
Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai
50300, Thailand.
Abstract
Chromatographic separation of the ethyl acetate extract of roots of Polyalthia
cerasoides has led to the isolation of the new compound, 6,8-dihydroxy-7-methoxyl-methyl-azafluorenone. This compound exhibited potent cytotoxic activities with
IC(50) values in the range of 2.64-3.58 mu g.mL(-1) for A549, GLC4 and GLC4/Adr
cells, but was not recognized by ABCC1/MRP1 protein. The compound also showed
very strong inhibition of M tuberculosis using a broth microdilution method, with
an MIC value of 0.78 mu g.mL(-1), which was equal to that of ofloxacin, one of
the four antibiotic drugs used as a positive control.
Key Words Plus: CONSTITUENTS
NATURAL PRODUCT COMMUNICATIONS Volume: 5 Issue: 12 Pages: 1931-1934 Published:
DEC 2010.
206
A New General Iterative Method for a Finite Family
of Nonexpansive Mappings in Hilbert Spaces
Singthong Urailuk1 and Suantai Suthep1,2
1
Departmant of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand.
2
Faculty of Science, PERDO National Center of Excellence in Mathematics, Mahidol University,
Abstract
We introduce a new general iterative method by using the K-mapping for
finding a common fixed point of a finite family of nonexpansive mappings in
the framework of Hilbert spaces. A strong convergence theorem of the purposed
iterative method is established under some certain control conditions. Our results
improve and extend the results announced by many others.
Key Words: STRONG-CONVERGENCE; THEOREMS
FIXED POINT THEORY AND APPLICATIONS Article Number: 262691 DOI:
10.1155/2010/262691 Published: 2010.
207
A role of BNLT compound addition on structure
and properties of PZT ceramics
Jaita P., Watcharapasorn A. and Jiansirisomboon S.
Department of Physic & Meterials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
Abstract
In this research, effects of lead-free bismuth sodium lanthanum titanate
(BNLT) addition on structure and properties of lead zirconate titanate (PZT)
ceramics were investigated. PZT ceramics with addition of 0.1-3.0 wt%BNLT were
fabricated by a solid-state mixed oxide method and sintering at 1050-1200 degrees
C for 2 h to obtain dense ceramics with at least 96% of theoretical density. X-ray
diffraction indicated that complete solid solution occurred for all compositions.
Phase identification showed both tetragonal and rhombohedral perovskite structure
of PZT with no BNLT phase detected. Scanning electron micrographs of fractured
PZT/BNLT ceramics showed equiaxed grain shape with both transgranular and
intergranular fracture modes. Addition of BNLT was also found to reduce densification and effectively limited grain growth of PZT ceramic. Optimum Hv and K(IC)
values were found to be 4.85 GPa and 1.56 MPa.m(1/2) for PZT/0.5 wt%BNLT
sample. Among PZT/BNLT samples, room temperature dielectric constant seemed
to be improved with increasing BNLT content. The maximum piezoelectric coefficient values were observed in pure PZT ceramic and were slightly decreased in
BNLT-added samples. Small reduction of remanent polarization and coercive field
in hysteresis loops was observed in BNLT-added samples, indicating a slightly suppressed ferroelectric interaction in this material system. (C) 2010 Elsevier Masson
SAS. All rights reserved.
Key words: PZT; BNLT; Mechanical properties; Dielectric; Piezoelectric; Ferroelectric
SOLID STATE SCIENCES Volume: 12 Issue: 9 Pages: 1608-1614 DOI: 10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2010.07.008 Published: SEP 2010.
208
Actinomycetes and fungi isolated from plant-parasitic
nematode infested soils: screening of the effective
biocontrol potential, indole-3-acetic acid
and siderophore production
Ruanpanun Pornthip1,2, Tangchitsomkid Nuchanart3,
Hyde Kevin D.4 and Lumyong, Saisamorn1,2
1
Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University,
2
Biotechnology Program, Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
3
Department of Agriculture, Nematology Section, Plant Protection Research & Development
Office, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
4
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes are serious pathogens that severe damage to major
crops. They damage plant root system that caused significant yield losses. Moreover, the predisposition of nematode-infected plants is secondary infection from
fungal plant pathogen that additional adverse effects on plant growth. Our target
is to find the antagonist for control nematode, and secondary infection agents and
stimulate plant growth. Twenty-three plant-parasitic nematode infested soils were
taken from some provinces in the northern and center of Thailand and actinomycetes and fungi were isolated. Eighty-three isolates belong to actinomycete and 67
isolates were fungi. The predominant actinomycete taxa was Streptomyces (97.6%).
The predominant fungal taxa were Penicillium (37.3%) and Fusarium (32.8%). All
actinomycete and fungal isolates were subjected for primary screening in vitro
for their effects on egg hatching and juvenile mortality of Meloidogyne incognita.
Secondary screening was evaluated for antagonist effect on plant pathogenic fungi
collected from nematode-infected plant, plant growth hormone (indole-3-acetic acid;
IAA) and siderophore production. From primary screening, 7 actinomycete and 10
fungal isolates reduced egg hatching and kill juveniles of M. incognita after 7 days
incubation. In secondary screening, 10 nematophagous microbes produced IAA and
9 isolates produced hydroxamate siderophore. Streptomyces sp. CMU-MH021 was
selected as a potential biocontrol agent. It reduced egg hatching rate to 33.1%
and increased juvenile mortality rate to 82% as contrasted to the control of 79.6
and 3.6%, respectively. This strain had high activity to against tested fungi and
high ability on IAA (28.5 mu g ml(-1)) and siderophore (26.0 mu g ml(-1)) production
Key words: Actinomycetes; Fungi; Root-knot nematode; Biocontrol; Siderophore;
Indole-3-acetic acid
WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY Volume: 26 Issue: 9 Pages:
1569-1578 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0332-8 Published: SEP 2010.
209
Age Hardening and Precipitation Behavior of an Experimental
Cast Al-Mg-Si Alloy Treated by T6 and T6I6 Heat Treatments
Imurai Suttawan1, Kajornchaiyakul Julatep2, Thanachayanont Chachana2,
Pearce, John T. H.2 and Chairuangsri Torranin1
1
50200, Thailand.
2
National Metel & Materials Technology Center, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
Abstract
studied. Age hardening was performed by two artificial ageing heat treatments,
T6 and T6I6. Vickers microhardness was measured within the dendritic regions.
It was found that peak ageing was reached after about 24 hours. T6 and T6I6
increased the hardness from the as-cast value by 52% and 60%, respectively. The
peak hardness achieved via T6I6 is approximately 8% higher than that obtained
by T6. Overall microstructure was studied by scanning electron microscopy and
energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry. Eutectic constituents were revealed as Si
flakes and Fe-bearing intermetallic compounds including pi-Chinese script phase
(Al(8)Mg(3)FeSi(6)) and beta(Al(5)FeSi). Precipitation behavior was investigated by
transmission electron microscopy and the precipitation sequence found was somewhat in agreement with those reported previously for wrought and cast Al-Mg-Si
alloys. However, the peak hardness ageing period coincided with the presence of
beta ‘phase or its precursors, not beta’ phase.
Key Words Plus: TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; ALUMINUM-ALLOY;
A356/357; SEQUENCE; TENSILE; SYSTEM; PHASE
MAY 2010.
210
An iterative method for equilibrium problems and a finite
family of relatively nonexpansive mappings in a Banach space
Cholamjiak Prasit and Suantai Suthep
Thailand.
Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a new iterative method for finding a common
element of the set of fixed points of a finite family of relatively nonexpansive mappings and the set of solutions of an equilibrium problem in uniformly convex and
uniformly smooth Banach spaces. Then we prove a strong convergence theorem
by using the generalized projection. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Key Words: STRONG-CONVERGENCE THEOREMS; WEAK; ERRORS
APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION Volume: 217 Issue: 8 Pages: 3825-3831
DOI: 10.1016/j.amc.2010.09.041 Published: DEC 15 2010.
211
Analysis of lead molybdate and lead tungstate synthesized
by a sonochemical method
Phuruangrat Anukorn1, Thongtem Titipun2,3 and Thongtem Somchai1
1
Department of Physic & Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
2
Thailand.
3
50200, Thailand.
Abstract
Lead molybdate and lead tungstate nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a sonochemical method for 1 h. XRD patterns showed the body-centered
tetragonal structures of PbMoO(4) and PbWO(4), and were in accordance with
those of the Simulation and JCPDS software. Calculated lattice parameters are
a = b = 5.4233 angstrom and c = 12.1253 angstrom for PbMoO(4), and 5.4570
angstrom and 12.0995 angstrom for PbWO(4). They are in accordance with those
of the corresponding JCPDS software. TEM images show that the particles were
29.09 +/- 5.22 nm and 21.05 +/- 2.68 nm for PbMoO(4) and PbWO(4), respectively.
Raman and FTIR vibrations were investigated to identify a definite existence of the
structures. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Key Words: SINGLE-CRYSTALS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SPECTRA; POWDERS
CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Pages: 342-345 DOI: 10.1016/j.
cap.2009.06.024 Published: JAN 2010.
212
Annotation and in silico localization of the Affymetrix
GeneChip Porcine Genome Array
Naraballobh Watcharapong2,3, Chomdej Siriwadee3, Murani Eduard2,
Wimmers Klaus2 and Ponsuksili Siriluck1
1
Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Research Group of Functional Genome, D-18196
Dummerstorf, Germany.
2
Leibniz Institute Farm Animal Biology, Research Unit of Molecular Biology, D-18196 Dummerstorf, Germany.
3
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
Abstract
Expression microarrays including the Affymetrix Gene Chip Porcine Genome
Arrays are valuable tools for studying genes and functional networks relevant
for the expression of complex traits and the responsiveness of the organism to
various treatments. An updated annotation and, for the first time, localization
on the porcine physical genome map of “Affymetrix GeneChip Porcine Genome
Array probe sets” was made through a workflow of 3 pipelines of comparisions
addressing various NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) and
EnsEMBL (Ensembl project) databases. “BLAST” (Basic Local Alignment Search
Tool) comparisons of Affymetrix probe set consensus sequences with the EnsEMBL
Sscrofa 9 cDNA database provided 23 799 probe sets with hits. After annotation
19 730 gene symbols were obtained using the data management system BioMart.
Comparison of the Affymetrix probe set consensus sequences with the porcine
genome sequence (EnsEMBL Sscrofa 9 LatestGP database) revealed 23 298 probe
sets with BLAST hits. In the third pipeline in addition to EnsEMBL Sscrofa 9
cDNA and genomic sequence databases also human, mouse and pig NCBI reference sequence RNA databases were interrogated in an integrated approach where
also a threshold of bit score >50 or >90% identity over >100 bp was applied in
order to filter questionable annotations and localizations. Gene symbols and gene
names were queried from HGNC (human genome organization (HUGO) gene nomenclature committee), EASE (EASE: the Expression Analysis Systematic Explorer)
and Entrez Gene revealing 20 269 annotated probe sets. 20 467 probe sets were
in silico mapped addressing various sources: EnsEMBL Sscrofa 9 LatestGP, preEnsEMBL Sscrofa 8.52 LatestGP, NCBI pig reference sequence RNA and genomic
databases and PigQTLdb (Pig Quantitative Trait Locus [QTL] database). Using the
new annotation and localization data in functional genomics studies will facilitate
improving the understanding of the control of quantitative traits in pigs.
Key Words: WATER-HOLDING CAPACITY; CDNA MICROARRAY; EXPRESSION;
MUSCLE; GENES; PATHWAYS; RESOURCE; ENSEMBL; CATTLE; PIGS
ARCHIV FUR TIERZUCHT-ARCHIVES OF ANIMAL BREEDING Volume: 53 Issue: 2 Pages:
230-238 Published: 2010.
213
Anti-Cancer Compound Screening and Isolation: Coscinium
fenestratum, Tinospora crispa and Tinospora cordifolia
Tungpradit Rudeewan1,2,3, Sinchaikul Supachok2,3, Phutrakul Suree1,
Wongkham Weerah4 and Chen Shui-Tein2,3,5
1
Department of Chemistry, Facutly of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand.
2
Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
3
Academia Sinica, Genomic Research Center, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
4
5
Institute of Biochemical Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
Abstract
The isolations of active anti-cancer compounds from Coscinium fenestratum,
Tinospora crispa and Tinospora cordifolia are rarely reported. In this study, the
isolation of anti-cancer compound from these herbs was performed. Cytotoxic activity
of the water and methanol extracts of these herbs were evaluated. The methanol
extract of C. fenestratum showed the most cytotoxic activity, and contained a major
compound of berberine with 3.68%. Cytotoxic screening of berberine against ten
cancer cell lines and one normal cell (PMBC) showed the most cytotoxic activity
against HL-60 leukemia cells with an IC(50) of 1.41 +/- 0.7 mu g/mL. The selective index (SI) value of berberine against HL-60 cells and PBMC cells were 0.142,
indicating the selective cytotoxicity to cancer cells. Interestingly, berberine uptake
by cancer cell correlated with cytotoxic activity. In addition, the apoptosis of HL-60
cells against berberine were detected by DAPI staining, and quantitated by Annexin
V-FITC staining. Berberine, the effective compound from C. fenestratum, appears
to possess anticancer potential.
Key words: coscinium fenestratum; tinospora crispa; tinospora cordifolia; cancer;
cytotoxicity
SEP 2010.
214
Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities
of Brown Marine Alga, Padina minor Yamada
Peerapornpisal Yuwadee2, Amornlerdpison Doungporn1, Jamjai Utan3,
Taesotikul Tawat3, Pongpaibul Yanee4, Nualchareon Mantana5
and Kanjanapothi Duangta3
1
Faculty of Fisheries Technology & Aquatic Resources, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 20290,
Thailand.
2
3
Department of Phamacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand.
4
Faculty of Pharmacy, Payap University, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand.
5
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science & Technology Rajabhat Phuket University, Phuket
83000, Thailand.
Abstract
Padina minor Yamada is a brown marine alga found in abundance at
the coastal area of the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea. The aqueous
extract of P. minor (Aq. P) showed antioxidant activity when tested in superoxide
and hydroxyl radical scavenging, metal chelating and reducing capacity assays.
Although the concentrations of Aq P. for antioxidant activity were much higher than
that of standard drugs when tested in various assays, their maximal effects were
approximately the same. Topical application of Aq. P on the rat ear could lessen
the ear edema induced by ethyl phenylpropiolate (EPP), suggesting it possesses an
anti-inflammatory activity. Interestingly, safety of the Aq. P to be used as a nutraceutical and a cosmeceutical were demonstrated according to the acute toxicity tests
in rats and the irritation tests in rabbits, respectively. No signs of acute toxicity
and skin irritation were observed. The findings therefore provide the evidence to
substantiate the nutraceutical and cosmeceutical potential of P. minor.
Key words: Padina minor; antioxidant activity; anti-inflammatory activity; nutraceutical; cosmeceutical
SEP 2010.
215
AZO/Ag/AZO multilayer films prepared by DC magnetron
sputtering for dye-sensitized solar cell application
Sutthana S., Hongsith N. and Choopun S.
1
Commission on Higher Education, Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Bangkok 10400,
Thailand.
2
Abstract
Ag films were deposited on Al-doped ZnO (AZO) films and coated with AZO
to fabricate AZO/Ag/AZO multilayer films by DC magnetron sputtering on glass
substrates without heating of glass substrates. The best multilayer films have low
sheet resistance of 19.8 Omega/Sq and average transmittance values of 61% in
visible region. It was found that the highest figure of merit (F(TC)) is 6.9 x 10(-4)
Omega(-1). For the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) application, the multilayer films
were used as transparent conductive electrode (multilayer films/ZnO + Eosin-Y/
LiI+I(2)/Pt/FTO). The best DSSC based on the multilayer films showed that open
circuit voltage (V(oc)) of 0.47 V, short circuit current density (J(sc)) of 2.24 mA/
cm(2), fill factor (FF) of 0.58 and incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency
(eta) of 0.61%. It was shown that the AZO/Ag/AZO multilayer films have potential
for application in DSSC. (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Key Words: OXIDE THIN-FILMS; INDIUM-TIN-OXIDE; DOPED ZNO FILMS; RESISTANCE; ELECTRODE
CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Volume: 10 Issue: 3 Pages: 813-816 DOI: 10.1016/
j.cap.2009.09.020 Published: MAY 2010.
216
Botanical notes
Maxwell James F.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University Herbarium, Chiang Mai
Abstract
Indigofera caudata Dunn (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae) is noted as a new
record for Thailand. Two new combinations in Hedyotis from Oldenlandia (Rubiaceae) are made, viz. Hedyotis krewanhensis (Pierre ex Pit.) Maxw. and Hedyotis
chevalieri (Pit.) Maxw.
Key words: Indigofera caudata Dunn; Oldenlandia krewanhensis Pierre ex Pit.;
Oldenlandia chevalieri Pit.; Hedyotis krewanhensis (Pierre ex Pit.) Maxw.; Hedyotis
chevalieri (Pit.) Maxw.
MAEJO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Volume: 4 Issue:
3 Pages: 547-551 Published: SEP-DEC 2010.
217
Calculation of Weighted Averages Approach
for the Estimation of Ping Tolerance Values
Silalom Somyot1,2, Carter James L.3 and Chantaramongkol Porntip1
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand.
2
Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, Chiang Mai 50180, Thailand.
3
US Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA.
Abstract
A biotic index was created and proposed as a tool to assess water quality in
the Upper Mae Ping sub-watersheds. The Ping biotic index was calculated by utilizing Ping tolerance values. This paper presents the calculation of Ping tolerance
values of the collected macroinvertebrates. Ping tolerance values were estimated by
a weighted averages approach based on the abundance of macroinvertebrates and
six chemical constituents that include conductivity, dissolved oxygen, biochemical
oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and orthophosphate. Ping
tolerance values range from 0 to 10. Macroinvertebrates assigned a 0 are very
sensitive to organic pollution while macroinvertebrates assigned 10 are highly
tolerant to pollution.
Key Words: BIOTIC INDEX
JAN 2010.
218
Can leaf degrading enzymes provide evidence
that endophytic fungi becoming saprobes?
Promputtha Itthayakorn1, Hyde Kevin D.2, McKenzie Eric H. C.3,
Peberdy John F.4 and Lumyong Saisamorn5
1
School Cosmetic Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.
School Science, Muang, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand.
3
Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand.
4
University Nottingham, School Business, Institute Enterprise & Innovation, Nottingham NG8
1BB, England.
5
2
Abstract
The diversity of endophytic and saprobic fungi from Magnolia liliifera leaves
were observed and analyzed to establish relationships. Nine endophytes were morphologically and phylogenetically similar to the saprobes; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum sp. 2, Corynespora cassiicola, Fusarium sp. 1, Guignardia
mangiferae, Leptosphaeria sp., Phomopsis sp. 2, Phomopsis sp. 6, and Phomopsis
sp. 10. The endophytes were found to produce the same degrading enzymes as
their saprobic counterparts. The isoform of beta-mannanase produced from each of
endophyte and saprobe counterparts were similar. Fungal succession and enzyme
production patterns during leaf decomposition were correlated. The occurrence
of saprobes was found to be related to the enzymes that the fungi produce. The
study provides further compelling evidence that endophytes can switch lifestyle to
saprobes.
Key Words: PUI NATIONAL-PARK; TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST; SENESCENT LEAVES; PECTINOLYTIC ACTIVITY; WOOD-DECAY; ABIES-ALBA; LITTER;
SUCCESSION; DIVERSITY; THAILAND
FUNGAL DIVERSITY Volume: 41 Issue: 1 Pages: 89-99 DOI: 10.1007/s13225-010-0024-6
Published: MAR 2010.
219
Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Assisted Hydrothermal
Synthesis of PbS with Nano- and Micro-Crystals
Thongtem Titipun1, Kaowphong Sulawan2 and Thongtem Somchai2
1
Thailand.
2
Department of Physics & Meterial Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
Abstract
PbS with nano- and micro-crystals was hydrothermally synthesized from
Pb(NO(3))(2) and thiosemicarbazide using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a
template at 140, 180 and 200 degrees C for 12 h. CMC, NaOH and hydrothermal
temperatures have the influence on the product morphologies characterized using
a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a transmission electron microscope
(TEM). PbS (cubic) composing of Pb and S was detected using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), a selected area electron diffraction (SAED) technique and an energy
dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyzer. The interpreted patterns are in accordance with
those of the simulations. Raman spectrometer revealed the presence of the vibration modes at 136, 278, 432, 602 and 967 cm(-1). Emission spectra of the products
were detected at 384-388 nm using a photoluminescence (PL) spectrometer.
Key Words: SHAPE-CONTROLLED SYNTHESIS; RAMAN-SPECTRA; NANOCUBES;
NANOSTRUCTURES; MICROCRYSTALS; DENDRITES; EVOLUTION; NANOBELTS;
GROWTH
JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE ANDNANOTECHNOLOGY Volume: 10 Issue: 4 Pages:
2853-2857 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2010.1375 Published: APR 2010.
220
Changes in ferroelectric properties of lead indium
niobate-lead titanate ceramics under compressive
stress applied perpendicular to an electric field
Unruan Muangjai1, Wongsaenmai Supattra2, Ngamjarurojana Athipong1,
Laosiritaworn Yongyut1, Ananta Supon1, Guo Ruyan3,
Bhalla Amar3 and Yimnirun Rattikorn4
1
Department of Physics & Material Physics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
2
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand.
3
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Texas
San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA.
4
Institute of Science, School of Physics, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima
30000, Thailand.
Abstract
The influences of perpendicular compressive stress on the ferroelectric
properties of (1 - x)Pb(In(1/2)Nb(1/2))O(3)-xPbTiO(3) (x = 0.1-0.4) ceramics were
investigated in this study. In general, with increasing compressive stress the
coercive field and the dissipation energy of the ceramics were seen to increase.
The stress-induced changes in the polarization, however, depended significantly
on ceramic compositions. The observations were mainly interpreted in terms of
competing influence of the domain switching through non-180 degrees domain
walls, clamping of domain walls, and the stress-induced decrease in the switchable
part of spontaneous polarization. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Key Words: UNIAXIAL-STRESS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; ELECTROMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; SOFT
PZT; RELAXOR; PHASE; DEPENDENCE; PRESSURE
PHYSICS LETTERS A Volume: 374 Issue: 9 Pages: 1147-1153 DOI:10.1016/j.physleta.2009.12.064 Published: FEB 15 2010.
221
Changes in the 2DE protein profiles of chilli pepper
(Capsicum annuum) leaves in response to Fusarium
oxysporum infection
Wongpia Aphinya1 and Lomthaisong Khemika2
1
Thailand.
2
Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
Abstract
Wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. capsici is a major problem
of chilli pepper production worldwide that calls for a better understanding of defensive mechanisms in the chilli plant. We used a proteomic technique to investigate
protein responses of chilli pepper to E oxysporum f. sp. capsici. Two cultivars of
resistant (Mae Ping 80) and susceptible (Long Chilli 455) plants were cultured in
vitro. Chilli plants at 6-week growth were then infected with a suspension of F
oxysporum f. sp. capsici or distilled water used as a control. After 48 h of infection, proteins were extracted and analysed using 2DE to identify the responsive
proteins. At least 9 spots were differentially expressed in the resistant cultivar (5
increasing, 4 decreasing) and 1 supplementary; while 15 increasing, 11 decreasing,
and 11 supplementary protein spots were found in the susceptible cultivar. These
proteins were then identified by MALDI-TOF MS combined with bioinformatics
methods. Some of the induced proteins e.g., NADPH HC toxin reductase, serine/
threonine protein kinase, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 3 are
involved in plant defence mechanism. In order to determine the Fusarium wilt
protective proteins in chilli plant, the protein patterns of healthy resistance were
compared with those of susceptible cultivars. Interestingly, resistance showed higher
expression of proteins related to ROS detoxification. Moreover, the ability of chilli
plant to resist Fusarium wilt disease was related to the expression of non-inducible
immunity 1 protein.
Key Words: SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED-RESISTANCE; PLANT-DISEASE RESISTANCE;
PROGRAMMED CELL-DEATH; PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE;
DEFENSE PROTEINS; WHEAT SPIKES; RICE; GENE; ARABIDOPSIS
SCIENCEASIA Volume: 36 Issue: 4 Pages: 259-270 DOI: 10.2306/scienceasia 15131874.2010.36.259 Published: DEC 2010.
222
Characterization of AgBiS(2) nanostructured
flowers produced by solvothermal reaction
Thongtem Titipun1, Tipcompor Narongrit1 and Thongtem Somchai2
1
Thailand.
2
Department of Physics & Material Sceince, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
Abstract
AgBiS(2) nanostructured flowers were produced from CH(3)COOAg, Bi(NO(3))
(3 center dot)5H(2)O and thiosemicarbazide (NH(2)CSNHNH(2)) using different
solvents [ethylene glycol (EG). water (H(2)O), polyethylene glycol with molecular
weight of 200 (PEG200), and propylene glycol (PG)] in Teflon-lined stainless steel
autoclaves. The phase and purity were detected using X-ray diffraction (XRD),
controlled by the solvents. The product was purified AgBiS2 produced by the 200
degrees C and 24 h reaction in EG, corresponding to selected area electron diffraction
(SAED) and simulation patterns. Scanning and transmission electron microscopies
(SEM and TEM) revealed the formation of nanostructured flowers - enlarged by the
increase in the lengths of time and temperature. Their photoluminescence (PL)
emissions were detected at the same wavelength of 382 nm (3.24 eV), although
they were produced under different conditions. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights
reserved
Key Words: POLYOL ROUTE; NANOWIRES; NANORODS
MATERIALS LETTERS Volume: 64 Issue: 6 Pages: 755-758 DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2010.01.003
Published: MAR 31 2010.
223
Characterization of Ba(0.77)Sr(0.23)TiO(3) powder
prepared from an oxalate co-precipitation
and an impregnation method
Pookmanee Pusit1 and Phanichphant Sukon2,3
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand.
Thailand.
3
NANOTEC Center of Excellence, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
2
Abstract
Barium titanate (BaTiO(3)) powder was prepared from an oxalate co-precipitation method with the starting precursors of barium chloride dihydrate and
potassium titanium oxalate dihydrate with mole ratio of 1: 1. Precipitated powder
was obtained after adding oxalic acid until the pH of the final solution was 2. The
precipitated powder was milled and calcined at 700 degrees C for 2 h. Sr-doped
barium titanate (BaSrTiO(3)) powder was prepared by an impregnation method.
Barium titanate calcined at 700 degrees C for 2 h was mixed with 2 and 4 mole
% of Sr from strontium chloride hexahydrate. The mixed powder was calcined at
900 degrees C for 2 h. The phase of Ba(0.77)Sr(0.23)TiO(3) powder was studied by
X-ray diffraction (XRD) and found to have a tetragonal structure after calcination
at 900 degrees C for 2 h. The morphology and chemical composition of Ba(0.77)
Sr(0.23)TiO(3) powder were investigated by a scanning electron microscope (SEM)
and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The particle size of Ba(0.77)
Sr(0.23)TiO(3) powder was in the range of 0.2-0.3 mu m with an irregular shape.
The elemental composition of barium, strontium, titanium and oxygen showed
the characteristic X-ray energy values.
Key words: Ba(0.77)Sr(0.23)TiO(3); Oxalate co-precipitation; Impregnation
JOURNAL OF CERAMIC PROCESSING RESEARCH Volume: 11 Issue: 3 Pages: 384-387
Published: JUN 2010.
224
Characterization of Bi(2)S(3) with different
morphologies synthesized using microwave radiation
Thongtem Titipun1, Phuruangrat Anukorn2, Wannapop Surangkana2
and Thongtem Somcha2
1
Thailand.
2
Department of Physics & Material Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
Abstract
Bi(2)S(3) with different morphologies (nanoparticles, nanorods and nanotubes)
was synthesized using bismuth nitrate pentahydrate (Bi(NO(3))(3)center dot 5H(2)
O) and two kinds of sulfur sources (CH(3)CSNH(2) and NH(2)CSNH(2)) ill different
solvents (water, ethylene glycol and propylene glycol) via a microwave radiation
method at 180 W for 20 min. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that all
of the products are orthorhombic Bi(2)S(3) phase of nanoparticles, nanorods and
nanotubes, influenced by the sulfur sources and solvents. Formation mechanisms
of the products with different morphologies are also proposed. (C) 2009 Elsevier
B.V. All rights reserved.
Key Words: NANORODS
Published: JAN 31 2010.
225
Characterization of copper sulfide nanostructured
spheres and nanotubes synthesized
by microwave-assisted solvothermal method
Thongtem Titipun1, Phuruangrat Anukorn2 and Thongtem Somchai2
1
Thailand.
2
Abstract
Copper Sulfide nanostructured spheres and nanotubes were successfully
synthesized. using a microwave-assisted solvothermal method, by the decomposition of [Cu(CH(3)CSNH(2))(2)]Cl(2) complexes. formed by the reaction of CuCl(2)
center dot 2H(2)O and CH(3)CSNH(2) in ethylene glycol at different pH values,
and identified by CHNS/O and FTIR analyses. The decrease in bonding energy of
N-H revealed the coordination of copper ions and thioacetamide molecules. It
was specified that nitrogen atoms of thioacetamide molecules were used to form
Cu-thioacetamide complexes. XRD, SEM, TEM and SAED analyses show that
the products were hexagonal CuS spheres in an extremely low pH solution, and
hexagonal CuS nanotubes at a pH 13. Their Raman spectra show sharp peaks at
473 cm(-1), identified as the S-S stretching mode Of S(2) ions at the 4e sites. (C)
2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Key Words: CUS; NANOBELTS; POWDERS
MATERIALS LETTERS Volume: 64 Issue: 2 Pages: 136-139 DOI:10.1016/j.matlet.2009.10.021
Published: JAN 31 2010.
226
Characterization of micro-crystalline lead tungstate
with different morphologies produced
by the sonochemical process
Kaowphong Sulawan1, Thongtem Titipun2 and Thongtem Somchai1
1
2
Thailand.
Abstract
Micro-crystalline PbWO(4) was sonochemically produced using Pb(CH(3)
COO)(2) center dot 3H(2)O and Na(2)WO(4) center dot 2H(2)O in aqueous solutions with and without anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulphate or sodium
lauryl sulphate). The product morphologies were influenced by the pH values and
the surfactant. Micro-crystalline PbWO(4) composing of Pb, W and O, and W-O
stretching vibration band of WO(4) tetrahedrons were detected using XRD, SEM,
EDX, TEM, SAED and FTIR. Photoluminescent intensities, caused by the electronic
transition from (1)T(2) to (1)A(1) states, shown to increase with the increase in
the pH values of the solutions.
Key Words: MICROWAVE-ASSISTED SYNTHESIS; PBWO4 NANO; SCHEELITE;
ROUTE; LUMINESCENCE; CRYSTALS; MINERALS; POWDERS; CA; SR
RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY Volume: 55 Issue: 4 Pages: 577-582
DOI: 10.1134/S0036023610040145 Published: APR 2010.
227
CHARACTERIZATION OF MULTIPOD CADMIUM SULFIDE
NANOSTRUCTURES SYNTHESIZED BY AMINETHERMAL METHOD
Phuruangrat A.1,3, Thongtem T.2,3 and Thongtem S.1,3
1
2
Thailand.
3
Material Science Research Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai
50200, Thailand.
Abstract
Multipod (monopod, bipod, tripod and tetrapod) CdS nanostructures have
been successfully synthesized under aminethermal method at 200 degrees C for
10 h without using any templates and surfactants. The product was characterized
by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, fast Fourier transformation (FFT),
transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high resolution TEM (HRTEM). XRD
pattern shows wurtzite CdS structure. Its Raman spectrum respectively shows the
LO(1) and LO(2) of A(1) vibration mode at 300 and 601 cm(-1), which are polarized
in the x-z face, and strongly couple to the excitons along the c axis. The structures
of multipod CdS were characterized using TEM and HRTEM.
Key words: Multipod CdS nanostructures; Aminethermal method
CHALCOGENIDE LETTERS Volume: 7 Issue: 10 Pages: 605-608 Published: OCT 2010.
228
Characterization of nanostructured ZnO produced
by microwave irradiation
1
Thailand.
2
Abstract
Different molar ratios of Zn(NO(3))(2) to NaOH were dissolved in de-ionized
water, mixed to form solutions with different pH values and heated using 180 W
microwave power (80 degrees C) in ambient atmosphere for 20 min. Wurtzite ZnO
nanostructure was detected using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and a selected
area electron diffraction (SAED) technique. The patterns were in accordance with
those of the simulation. Scanning and transmission electron microscopes (SEM
and TEM) revealed their nanostructures with different morphologies controlled
by molar ratios of the starting agents as well as pH values of the solutions. High
resolution transmission electron microscopic (HRTEM) technique shows that
the crystallographic planes are aligned in lattice array. Seven different Raman
wavenumbers at 334, 378,410, 440, 541, 575 and 660 cm(-1) were used to specify
that the products were wurtzite structured ZnO. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra
show their emission peaks at 385-394 nm due to the recombination process of
free excitons. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights reserved.
Key Words: LOW-TEMPERATURE SYNTHESIS; HYDROTHERMAL PROCESS;
LARGE-SCALE; FLOWERS; GROWTH; MICROSPHERES; ROUTE
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL Volume: 36 Issue: 1 Pages: 257-262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2009.07.027 Published: JAN 2010.
229
Characterization of SrCO(3) and BaCO(3) nanoparticles
synthesized by sonochemical method
Thongtem Titipun1, Tipcompor Narongrit1, Phuruangrat Anukorn2
and Thongtem Somchai2
1
Chiang Mai University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, PERCH CIC, Chiang
2
Chiang Mai University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics & Material Science, Chiang
Abstract
SrCO(3) and BaCO(3) nanoparticles were synthesized using Sr(NO(3))(2)
or Ba(NO(3))(2) and Na(2)CO(3) as starting materials in ethylene glycol by ultrasonic irradiation at 80 degrees C for 1-5 h. Their phases, vibration modes and
morphologies were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier
transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, selected area electron diffraction (SAED)
and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These products were found to be
orthorhombic SrCO(3) and BaCO(3) nanoparticles with 20-50 nm and 40-100 nm
ranges, respectively. Asymmetric stretching, symmetric stretching, and out of plane
and in plane bending vibrations of CO(3)(2-) complexes were also detected. (C)
Key Words: NANOSTRUCTURES
Published: FEB 28 2010.
230
Clubionidae from Laos and Thailand (Arachnida: Araneae)
Jaeger Peter1 and Dankittipakul Pakawin2
1
Senckenberg Research Institute, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany.
2
Abstract
Clubionidae collected in Laos and Thailand were investigated. Seven new
species are described: Clubiona kai spec. nov. (male: Laos, Luang Prabang Prov.),
Clubiona lala spec. nov. (female: Laos, Luang Nam Tha Prov.), Clubiona maipaispec. nov. (male: Thailand, Mae Hong Son Prov.), Clubiona kuu spec. nov. (male:
Laos, Luang Prabang Prov.), Clubiona vukomi spec. nov. (male: Laos, Luang Nam
Tha Prov.), Malamatidia zu spec. nov. (male: Laos, Luang Prabang Prov.) and
Malamatidia christae spec. nov. (female: Laos, Luang Nam Tha Prov.). The genus
Malamatidia, previously known from Sumatra, Sarawak, the Malaysian peninsular,
Kalimantan, and Sulawesi is recorded from Laos (Luang Nam Tha Province) as
northernmost distribution locality and is re-diagnosed. Cheiracanthium insulanum
(Thorell, 1878), Cheiracanthium unicum Bosenberg and Strand, 1906, Clubiona
abnormis Dankittipakul, 2008, Clubiona filicata O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1874,
Clubiona melanothele Thorell, 1895 are recorded for the first time from Laos.
Cheiracanthium insulanum, Clubiona abnormis, and Clubiona melanothele are
additionally illustrated. A map with all records is provided.
Key Words: SPIDERS
ZOOTAXA Issue: 2730 Pages: 23-43 Published: DEC 24 2010.
231
Comparison of different methods for determination
of Pt surface site concentrations
for supported Pt electrocatalysts
Punyawudho K.2, Blom D. A.3, Van Zee J. W. and Monnier J. R.1
1
Department of Chemistry Engineering, Swearingen Engineering Center, College of Engineering
& Computing Science, University South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
2
Department of Industrail Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai,
Thailand.
3
Electron Microscopy Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
Abstract
Platinum surface atom (or site) concentrations for a series of commercially
available 10, 20, and 40 wt% Pt/C electrocatalysts have been determined using Xray diffraction (XRD), high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron
microscopy (HAADF-STEM), selective chemisorption, and cyclic voltammerry (CV)
methods. Each method of analysis was repeated for a sufficient number of times to
determine reproducibility and standard deviation limits. Comparison of the results
shows that XRD and STEM methods give Pt surface site concentrations much
higher than for chemisorption analysis due to assumptions regarding Pt particle
shapes and particle size distributions. The results from CV analysis agree reasonably well with those from chemisorption if the sample amounts and methods of
sample deposition preceding CV analysis can be well-controlled and there is no
loss of surface exposure by the Nation over-layer. Because both chemisorption and
CV analyses more directly measure actual site concentrations with fewer assumptions, these methods should be considered superior to XRD and STEM analyses.
Further, since chemisorption uses substantially larger sample sizes (up to 0.25 g)
compared to CV (<0.01 g), reliability of chemisorption data is much more reliable
and should be considered as the metric for surface Pt site determination. (C) 2010
Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Key words: Pt surface sites; Pt/C electrocatalysts; Cyclic voltammetry; Chemisorption; X-ray line broadening
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA Volume: 55 Issue: 19 Pages: 5349-5356 DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.04.062 Published: JUL 30 2010.
232
Comparison of gamma-aminobutyric acid production
in Thai rice grains
Jannoey Panatda1,2, Niamsup Hataichanoke1,2, Lumyong Saisamorn3,
Suzuki Toshisada4, Katayama Takeshi4 and Chairote Griangsak1,2
1
Thailand.
2
Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University,
3
4
Department of Biochemistry & Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University,
Kagawa, Japan.
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has many pharmacological functions including being a major inhibitory neurotransmitter. Two comparative methods for
GABA production in rice grains as main food source in Thailand were investigated
in this study. Fermentation and germination method were separately carried out
using seven selected local grain cultivars in northern Thailand. Red yeast rice,
obtained from the fermentation method, gave the higher GABA concentration than
the germinated rice produced from the germination method in most rice cultivars.
The highest GABA concentration was 28.37 mg/g at 3 weeks fermentation time
of glutinous rice, O. sativa L. cv. Sanpatong 1 cultivars, while germinated rice
from glutinous rice; O. sativa L. cv. Korkor6 (RD6) cultivars contained the highest GABA concentration of 3.86 mg/g. These results provide information for the
basis of an appropriate method for GABA production. The fermentation produced
higher GABA concentration but required longer production period and red yeast
rice was obtained as product. On the other hand, the germination method yielded
rice grains with lower GABA but in more suitable form for consumption. Both
methods are considered to be economical and efficient methods to increase GABA
in rice grains, providing alternative products with higher nutritional values.
Key Words: GERMINATED BROWN RICE; SOLID-STATE FERMENTATION; GLUTAMATE-DECARBOXYLASE; ANAEROBIC ACCUMULATION; LACTOBACILLUS-BREVIS;
MONASCUS-PURPUREUS; MONACOLIN-K; GABA; CALMODULIN; SEEDLINGS
257-263 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-009-0168-2 Published: FEB 2010.
233
Complexity of terms, superpositions,
and generalized hypersubstitutions
Puninagool Wattapong and Leeratanavalee Sorasak
Thailand.
Abstract
In this paper, we consider the four useful measurements of the complexity of
a term, called the maximum depth, the minimum depth, the variable count, and
the operation count. We construct a formula for the complexity of the superposition S(m)(s, t(1), ..., t(m)) in terms of complexity of the inputs s, t(1), ..., t(m)
for each of these measurements. We also obtain formulas for the complexity of
(sigma) over cap [t] in terms of the complexity where t is a compound term and
sigma is a generalized hypersubstitution. We apply these formulas to the theory of
M-strongly solid varieties, examining the k-normalization chains of a variety with
respect to these complexity measurements. Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published
by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS Volume: 59 Issue: 2 Pages: 10381045 DOI:10.1016/j.camwa.2009.06.033 Published: JAN 2010.
234
Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography-Mass
Spectrometry Analysis of Volatile Constituents
in Thai Vetiver Root Oils Obtained by Using
Different Extraction Methods
Pripdeevech Patcharee1, Wongpornchai Sugunya1 and Marriott Philip J.2
1
Thailand.
2
School of Applied Science, Australian Center for Research on Separat Science, RMIT University,
Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia.
Abstract
Introduction: Vetiver root oil is known as one of the finest fixatives used in
perfumery. This highly complex oil contains more than 200 components, which
are mainly sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and their oxygenated derivatives. Since
conventional GC-MS has limitation in terms of separation efficiency, the comprehensive two-dimensional GC-MS (GC x GC-MS) was proposed in this study as
an alternative technique for the analysis of vetiver oil constituents. Objective: To
evaluate efficiency of the hyphenated GC x GC-MS technique in terms of separation power and sensitivity prior to identification and quantitation of the volatile
constituents in a variety of vetiver root oil samples. Methodology: Dried roots of
Vetiveria zizonioides were subjected to extraction using various conditions of four
different methods; simultaneous steam distillation, supercritical fluid, microwaveassisted, and Soxhlet extraction. Volatile components in all vetiver root oil samples
were separated and identified by GC-MS and GC X GC-MS. The relative contents
of volatile constituents in each vetiver oil sample were calculated using the peak
volume normalization method. Results: Different techniques of extraction had
diverse effects on yield, physical and chemical properties of the vetiver root oils
obtained. Overall, 64 volatile constituents were identified by GC-MS. Among the
245 well-resolved individual components obtained by GC x GC-MS, the additional
identification of 43 more volatiles was achieved. Conclusion: In comparison with
GC-MS, GC x GC-MS showed greater ability to differentiate the quality of essential
oils obtained from diverse extraction conditions in terms of their volatile compositions and contents. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Key Words: SUPERCRITICAL CARBON-DIOXIDE; GRASS; RESOLUTION; SOXHLET
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS Volume: 21 Issue: 2 Pages: 163-173 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1173
Published: MAR-APR 2010.
235
Compressive strength and microstructure
of carbon nanotubes-fly ash cement composites
Chaipanich Arnon, Nochaiya Thanongsak, Wongkeo Watcharapong
and Torkittikul Pincha
Department of Physics & Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
Abstract
In this work, carbon nanotubes of 0.5 and 1% by weight were added for the
first time in a fly ash cement system to produce carbon nanotubes-fly ash composites
in the form of pastes and mortars. Compressive strengths of the composites were
then investigated. It was found that the use of carbon nanotubes resulted in higher
strength of fly ash mortars. The highest strength obtained for 20% fly ash cement
mortars was found at 1% carbon nanotubes where the compressive strength at 28
days was 51.8 MPa. This benefit can clearly be seen in fly ash cement with fly ash
of 20% where the importance of the addition of carbon nanotubes means that the
relative strength to that of Portland cement became almost 100% at 28 days. In
addition, scanning electron micrographs also showed that good interaction between
carbon nanotubes and the fly ash cement matrix is seen with carbon nanotubes
acting as a filler resulting in a denser microstructure and higher strength when
compared to the reference fly ash mix without CNTs. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All
rights reserved.
Key Words: REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES;
CORROSION-RESISTANCE; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; MATRIX COMPOSITES;
SILICA FUME; BEHAVIOR; FABRICATION; CONCRETE; EPOXY
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES
MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING Volume: 527 Issue: 4-5 Pages: 1063-1067 DOI: 10.1016/j.
msea.2009.09.039 Published: FEB 15 2010.
236
Compressive strength, microstructure and thermal
analysis of autoclaved and air cured structural lightweight
concrete made with coal bottom ash and silica fume
Wongkeo Watcharapong and Chaipanich Arnon
Cement & Concrete Research Laboratory, Construction & Materials Research Unit, Faculty of
Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Abstract
This research investigated the compressive strength, microstructure and
thermal analysis of autoclaved and air cured structural lightweight concrete made
with coal bottom ash and silica fume. The results show that bottom ash lightweight
concrete autoclaved for 6 h gives compressive strength similar to the bottom ash
lightweight concrete air cured for 28 days and found that the compressive strength
of both bottom ash lightweight concrete increased when silica fume was added to
the mix. The highest compressive strength obtained for all mixes was found when
coal bottom ash was used at 20% with the addition of silica fume at 5% and that
this strength value is significantly higher than that of Portland cement control.
The thermal conductivity of all bottom ash lightweight concrete at 28 days and
those autoclaved for 6 h were found to be slightly higher than that of Portland
cement control concrete. Air cued hydration products such as ettringite, calcium
silicate hydrate and gehlenite hydrate were detected using thermogravimetric
analysis. The tobermorite phase detected in autoclaved bottom ash concrete with
silica fume was found to give denser microstructure than the fibrous-like C-S-H
phases detected in Portland cement control concrete. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All
rights reserved.
Key words: Compressive strength; Thermal conductivity; Microstructure; TGA;
Bottom ash
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES
MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING Volume: 527 Issue: 16-17 Pages: 3676-3684 DOI:
10.1016/j.msea.2010.01.089 Published: JUN 25 2010.
237
Controlled Gd(2)O(3) nanorods and nanotubes
by the annealing of Gd(OH)(3) nanorod and nanotube
precursors and self-templates produced by
a microwave-assisted hydrothermal process
Thongtem Titipun1, Phuruangrat Anukorn2,3, Ham Dong Jin3,
Lee Jae Sung3 and Thongtem Somchai2
1
Thailand.
2
3
Pohang University Science & Technology, Ecofriendly Catalysis & Energy Loboratory NRL,
Department of Chemistry Engineering, School Environmental Science & Environmental, Pohang 790784, South Korea.
Abstract
One dimensional Gd(OH)(3) nanorods and nanotubes were successfully
produced through a microwave-assisted hydrothermal process of Gd(NO(3))(3)
solutions at pH 10, adjusted using 3 M NaOH and NH(4)OH as buffer solutions.
Subsequently, the Gd(OH)3 nanorods and nanotubes, functioned as both the precursors and self-templates, were annealed at 450 degrees C for 2 h to form the
respective Gd(2)O(3) nanorods and nanotubes whilst retaining their shapes. X-Ray
diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron
microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and
selected area electron diffraction (SAED) were used to characterize these Gd(OH)
(3) and Gd(2)O(3) nanorods and nanotubes, of which the formation mechanisms
were also proposed.
Key Words: HYDROXIDE NANORODS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; NANOPARTICLES;
PHOSPHOR; NANOCRYSTALS; NANOWIRES
CRYSTENGCOMM Volume: 12 Issue: 10 Pages: 2962-2966 DOI: 10.1039/b925097b Published: 2010.
238
Convergence Analysis for a System of Equilibrium Problems
and a Countable Family of Relatively Quasi-Nonexpansive
Mappings in Banach Spaces
Cholamjiak Prasit and Suantai Suthep
Thailand.
Abstract
We introduce a new hybrid iterative scheme for finding a common element
in the solutions set of a system of equilibrium problems and the common fixed
points set of an infinitely countable family of relatively quasi-nonexpansive mappings
in the framework of Banach spaces. We prove the strong convergence theorem by
the shrinking projection method. In addition, the results obtained in this paper
can be applied to a system of variational inequality problems and to a system of
convex minimization problems in a Banach space.
Key Words: WEAK-CONVERGENCE; THEOREMS; OPERATORS
ABSTRACT AND APPLIED ANALYSIS Article Number: 141376 DOI: 10.1155/2010/141376
Published: 2010.
239
Cultivation of Spirulina platensis using Anaerobically
Swine Wastewater Treatment Effluent
Cheunbarn Siraporn1 and Peerapornpisal Yuwadee2
1
Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand.
Thailand.
2
Abstract
In this study, Spirulina platensis was cultivated by using effluent from anaerobically treated swine wastewater at concentration of 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and
100% dilution. Results showed that the most suitable concentration for maximum
growth of S. platensis was 10% dilution with NaHCO(3) and NaNO(3) at 8.0 g L(-1)
and 1.5 g L(-1), respectively. From a batch culture with 10% dilute concentration
and added nutrients, highest wastewater treatment efficiency occurred after 12
days retention time when maximum removal efficiency was measured at 23, 45,
49, 92 and 67% for COD, BOD, NO(3)(-), NH(4)(+) and PO(4)(3-), respectively.
Maximum growth of S. platensis was measured by 17.8x10(4) cells mL(-1) and
value of OD(560) at 1.09 with 55.88 % protein content by dry weight. This suggested that S. platensis could be applied for use as a food nutrient in the farm
that could decrease farm cost. (C) 2010 Friends Science Publishers
Key words: Spirulina platensis; Swine wastewater; Treatment efficiency; Nutrient
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND BIOLOGY Volume: 12 Issue: 4
Pages: 586-590 Published: JUL 2010.
240
Defect-free Poly(9,9-bis(2-ethylhexyl)fluorene-2,7-vinylene)
for Polymer Light-Emitting Diode (PLED) Devices
Auragudom Piched1,2, Tangonan Andrew A.3, Namboothiry Manoj A. G.4,
Carroll David L.4, Advincula Rigoberto C.3, Phanichphant Sukon1,2
and Lee T. Randall3
1
Thailand.
2
Faculty of Science, Center for Innovation in Chemistry PERCH CIC, Chiang Mai University,
3
Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204 USA.
4
Department of Physics, Center for Nanotechnology & Molecular Materials, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA.
Abstract
The pi-conjugated light-emitting polymer poly(9,9-bis(2-ethylhexyl)fluorene2,7-vinylene) (PEHFV), was synthesized in defect-free form via Horner-Emmons
coupling. The structure and properties of the polymer were characterized by (1)
H NMR, (13)C NMR, UV-vis, photoluminescence (PL), and electroluminescence
(EL) spectroscopies as well as gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The weight-average molecular weight (M(w)) and
polydispersity of the PEHFV were 34,000 g/mol and 2.3, respectively. The UV-vis
spectra showed absorption maxima at 425 and 452 nm, and the PL emission
spectra showed a maximum at 505 nm with a shoulder at 541 nm. The polymer
was soluble in common organic solvents and easily spin-coated on indium-tin
oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrates. A double-layer light-emitting device with an
ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PFV/Al configuration was fabricated. The turn-on voltage for the
PEHFV device was observed at 3.0 V.
Key Words: POLYFLUORENE DERIVATIVES; ELECTROLUMINESCENT DIODES;
PPV DERIVATIVES; POLY(9,9-DI-N-OCTYLFLUORENYL-2,7-VINYLENE); COPOLYMERS; EFFICIENCY
JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH Volume: 17 Issue: 3 Pages: 347-353 DOI: 10.1007/
s10965-009-9321-8 Published: MAY 2010.
241
Demiclosed Principle for Asymptotically Nonexpansive
Mappings in CAT(0) Spaces
Nanjaras B. and Panyanak B.
Thailand.
Abstract
We prove the demiclosed principle for asymptotically nonexpansive mappings
in CAT(0) spaces. As a consequence, we obtain a Delta-convergence theorem of
the Krasnosel’skii-Mann iteration for asymptotically nonexpansive mappings in this
setting. Our results extend and improve many results in the literature.
Key Words: FIXED-POINT SETS; BANACH-SPACES; INVARIANT APPROXIMATIONS;
METRIC-SPACES; CONVERGENCE; BEHAVIOR; CONTRACTIONS; THEOREMS;
CAT(0)-SPACES; SEMIGROUPS
FIXED POINT THEORY AND APPLICATIONS Article Number: 268780 DOI:
10.1155/2010/268780 Published: 2010.
242
Determination of nitrofurans residues in animal feeds
by flow injection chemiluminescence procedure
Thongsrisomboon Pawinee1, Liawruangrath Boonsom1,
Liawruangrath Saisunee2 and Satienperakul Sakchai3
1
2
Thailand.
3
Abstract
A simple flow injection chemiluminescence (Fl-CL) method was developed
for the rapid and sensitive determination of nitrofurans, including furazolidone,
nitrofurantoin and nitrofurazone, in animal feeds based on its chemiluminescence
induced by potassium permanganate in sulphuric acid medium. The method involves
the injection of nitrofuran samples or standards into H(2)SO(4) carrier stream,
which then merges at a T-piece with a reagent stream consisting of KMnO(4) in
the H(2)SO(4) carrier solution. The elicited chemiluminescence intensity of the
resulting reaction mixture was measured by photomultiplier tube operated at a
voltage of 950 V. Optimum CL signals were given using 2.5 x 10(-5) mol L(-1)
potassium permanganate in 0.1 mol L(-1) sulphuric acid as an oxidant stream and
a carrier stream of 0.1 mol L(-1) sulphuric acid with a total flow rate of 7.0 mL
min(-1). Results detailing the optimisation of the analytical signal, calibration, and
common interferences of animal feeds were also discussed. The proposed Fl-CL
method was successfully applied to the determination of nitrofurans in animal
feeds, with excellent recoveries, as the determination is free from interference.
The method validation has been compared versus HPLC method for animal feed
samples. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Key Words: TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY;
CHLORAMPHENICOL RESIDUES; BIOLOGICAL-FLUIDS; LC-MS/MS; HONEY;
METABOLITES; FURAZOLIDONE; UV
FOOD CHEMISTRY Volume: 123 Issue: 3 Pages: 834-839 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.
2010.05.018 Published: DEC 1 2010.
243
Dielectric and Ferroelectric Properties of
Pb(Zr(1/2)Ti(1/2))O(3)-Pb(Ni(1/3)Nb(2/3))O(3) Ceramics Under
Perpendicular Compressive Stress
Unruan Muangjai1, Prasatkhetragarn Anurak2, Ngamjarurojana Athipong1,
Laosiritaworn Yongyut1, Ananta Supon1, Guo Ruyan3,
Bhalla Amar3 and Yimnirun Rattikorn4
1
2
Department of Materials Science, School of Science & Technology, Naresuan University,
Phayao, Thailand.
3
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University Texas
4
School of Physics, Institute of Science, Suranaree University Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima
30000, Thailand.
Abstract
The dielectric and ferroelectric properties of (1-x)Pb(Zr(1/2)Ti(1/2))O(3)-(x)
Pb(Ni(1/3)Nb(2/3))O(3) or (1-x)PZT-(x)PNN(x = 0.1-0.5) ceramics were measured
under compressive stress applied perpendicular to an electric field direction. For
the dielectric properties, the experimental results revealed that the superimposed
perpendicular compression stress reduced the dielectric constant and the dielectric
loss tangent of all compositions. The stress-induced changes the dissipation energy,
the polarizations, however, depended significantly on ceramic compositions, but
increases the coercive field of all the compositions. These results were interpreted
through the non-180 degrees ferroelastic domain switching processes, the stress
clamping of domain walls, de-aging mechanism, and the stress induced enhance
in switchable part of spontaneous polarization.
Key Words: ZIRCONATE-TITANATE CERAMICS; UNIAXIAL-STRESS; PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; DEPENDENCE
INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS Volume: 114 Pages: 25-34 DOI: 10.1080/10584587.
2010.496600 Published: 2010.
244
Dielectric properties of lead-free solid solution
of Bi0.487Na0.487La0.017TiO3 and BaTiO3
Pisitpipathsin Nuttapon, Pengpat Kamonpan, Kantha Puripat, Leenakul Wilaiwan,
Eitsayeam Sukum, Rujijanakul Gobwute and Tunkasiri Tawee
Abstract
Bismuth sodium titanate (Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3; BNT) is one of the most preferred
materials for the preparation of lead-free ceramics; however its dielectric property
is lower than that of lead-based materials. Thus, the substitution of A and B-site
cations is considered to be one of the best solutions in order to improve both the
dielectric and piezoelectric properties. In this study, lead-free ceramics from bismuth
sodium lanthanum titanate (Bi0.487Na0.487La0.017TiO3; BNLT) and barium titanate
(BaTiO3; BT) systems were prepared by a modified two-step mixed oxide method.
BT powder was added to BNLT powder with the desired compositions of (1 - x)
BNLT-xBT, where x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10. It was found that the
addition of BT in the BNLT improved the electrical properties of ceramics. Phase
transition of rhombohedral to tetragonal structure was significantly dependent
on the amount of BT added. It was also found that the change in crystal structure affected the ferroelectric property of the ceramics where the transition from
ferroelectric to antiferroelectric started from the samples with x epsilon 0.06 mol%
and higher. This may be useful in terms of using these materials in the desired
applications.
Key Words: FREE PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMICS; MORPHOTROPIC PHASEBOUNDARY; FERROELECTRIC PROPERTIES; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES;
SYSTEM
PHASE TRANSITIONS Volume: 83 Issue: 10-11 Special Issue: SI Pages: 875-883. Article
Number: PII 929858389 DOI:10.1080/01411594.2010.509165 Published: 2010.
245
Dispersion of Particulate Matter (PM10) from Forest Fires
in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand
Amnauylawjarurn Teerachai1, Kreasuwun Jiemjai2, Towta Sripen1
and Siriwitayakorn Kingkeo1
1
2
Graduate Program in Physics & Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai
Abstract
This research investigates the factors affecting dispersion of particulate matter
(PM10) released from forest fires in Chiang Mai province during March 9-13, 2007
and 2008. Atmospheric initial and boundary conditions for this area were generated by the mesoscale model, MM5. Dispersion of the PM10 at the resolution of 1
square kilometer was performed by the air pollution model, CALPUFF. Atmospheric
stability over Chiang Mai is clearly indicated by the temperature inversion mid
wind velocity shown on Skew-T diagrams derived from the MM5. Dispersion of
the PM10 over Chiang Mai vicinity was found to depend on atmospheric stability,
wind direction and velocity and its topography. The simulated PM10 concentrations
in Chiang Mai were 161-401 mu g/m(3) during March 9-13, 2007 and 32-80 mu
g/m(3) during March 9-13, 2008 consistent with the observed values. The PM10
affected areas in Chiang Mai were defined according to the concentrations of the
air pollutant.
CHIANG MAI JOURNAL OF SCIENCE Volume: 37 Issue: 1 Pages: 39-47. Published: JAN
2010.
246
Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Mimosa invisa
and Effect of the Soil pH on the Symbiosis
Kittiworawat Saengdao1, Youpensuk Somchit1 and Rerkasem Benjavan2
1
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand.
2
Abstract
Mimosa invisa is widely distributed in Northern Thailand. M. invisa is a
leguminous weed which is used as green manure for increasing soil fertility and
organic matter. They are colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi which
increase nutrient uptake by the plant. In addition, roots of M. invisa are nodulated with Rhizobium bacteria that fix N(2) from the atmosphere. The objectives
of this research are (1) to study diversity of AM fungi in M. invisa in cultivated,
uncultivated and seasonally wet areas in Chiang Mai province (2) to evaluate the
effect of soil pH (4.0, 5.0 and 6.0) on AM spore production in two varieties of M.
invisa (thornless and thorny mimosa) and (3) the effect of AM fungi on the host
plant in a pot experiment. Twenty-three species of AM fungi were found in the
root zones of M. invisa in the study areas. The highest spore density occurred in
uncultivated areas, slightly lower in cultivated areas and lowest in seasonally wet
areas. In the pot experiment, AM fungi significantly increased dry weight, nutrient
contents (N, P and K) in shoot, root and N in nodule in all treatments. The soil
pH had effect on root colonization and spore density. The optimal soil pH for root
colonization and spore production of AM fungi was pH 5.0 associated with both
varieties of M. invisa. Root colonization in thornless mimosa and thorny mimosa
in the soil pH 5.0 was 88% and 80%, respectively. The highest spore density in soil
pH 5.0 of thornless mimosa was 16.3 spores g(-1) soil while thorny mimosa was
7.3 spores g(-1) soil. Thornless mimosa had root colonization and spore density
of AM fungi higher than thorny mimosa. Therefore, in addition to the ease in
handling without the sharp little thorns, the thornless mimosa is more suitable
for using as green manure and as natural inoculum of AM fungi in agriculture
than thorny mimosa.
Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Mimosa invisa; soil pH; Rhizobium
CHIANG MAI JOURNAL OF SCIENCE Volume: 37 Issue: 3 Pages: 517-527. Published: SEP
2010.
247
Doped Soap Membranes Selectively Permeate a Chiral Isomer
Kanyanee Tinakorn1,2,3, Jakmunee Jaroon2,3, Grudpan Kate2,3
and Dasgupta Purnendu K.1
1
Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019
USA.
2
Thailand.
3
Center of Excellence for Innovation Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University,
Abstract
Soap films can not only be made with sub-mu m thickness, they can have
intrinsic permeabilities comparable to many commercial membranes, permitting very
high transmembrane flux. Soap films readily incorporate a wide range of modifiers
to allow highly tailored selectivity: We show that incorporating alpha-cyclodextrin
in an 890 nm thick Triton-X-100 film allows, in a single stage, a high degree of
chirally selective transport (1.6:1) of alpha(+)-pinene over alpha(-)-pinene.
Key Words: ALPHA-CYCLODEXTRIN; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ANALYTICALCHEMISTRY; TRITON X-100; PERVAPORATION; SEPARATION; PHASE; (+)-ALPHAPINENE; THERMODYNAMICS; COMPLEXATION
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2010, 132(51), pp.18045-18047. Published:
DEC 2010.
248
Ecological status of the lowland deciduous forest
in Chang Kian Valley, Chiang Mai, northern Thailand
Vaidhayakarn Chawapich and Maxwell James F.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, CMU Herbarium, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
Abstract
An ecological assessment of lowland deciduous dipterocarp-oak, seasonal,
hardwood forest on the base of the east side of Doi Sutep-Pui, Chiang Mai province,
was conducted. Seven selected sites representing the most intact condition to the
worst one were surveyed. Plant species diversity and abundance declined as fire
damage increased. Details on the number of species, their habits, size classes of
trees, pioneer vs climax species, woody seedlings, coppices, and herbaceous ground
flora are presented. Species lists for all these categories and their abundance are
also included. Profile diagrams and photographs of some sites are shown. The
conservation value of lowland forests has been largely neglected and now many
places require reforestation. The degree of degradation is serious and will continue
to deteriorate unless effective protective and remedial action is done.
Key Words: TOPOGRAPHIC POSITION; SURVIVAL
MAEJO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. Volume: 4 Issue:
2 Pages: 268-317 Published: MAY-AUG 2010.
249
Effect of compressive stress on the ferroelectric
hysteresis behavior in 0-3 PZT-cement composites
Chaipanich Arnon1, Jaitanong Nittaya1 and Yimnirun Rattikorn2
1
2
Institute of Science, School of Physics, Suranaree University Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima
30000, Thailand.
Abstract
Lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-cement composites of 0-3 connectivity were
produced using 50% PZT vol. content. PZT-cement based composites are developed
for use as sensors for smart concrete structures, however, these sensors would in
real life be under a certain stress. The effect of stress on the ferroelectric polarization-electric field (P-E) hysteresis of the composites is reported in this present
work. It was found that there was a small but noticeable reduction in the remnant
polarization (P(ir)) by approximate to 0.3-0.7 mu C/cm(2) while the coercive field
(E(ic)) remained approximately the same when the stress was increased from 0 to
57 MPa. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Key Words: PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; PARTICLE-SIZE; MICROSTRUCTURE;
POLARIZATION
Published: MAR 15 2010.
250
Effect of electrolyzed oxidizing water and continuous
ozone exposure on the control of Penicillium digitatum
Whangchai K.1, Saengnil K.1, Singkamanee C.2 and Uthaibutra J.1
1
2
Abstract
The effect of electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water in combination with ozone
to control postharvest decay of tangerine cv. “Sai Num Pung” was investigated.
The spore suspension containing 10(5) conidia ml(-1) of Penicillium digitatum was
prepared. EO water was generated by electrolysis of various concentrations of NaCl
solution (5, 25, 50% and saturated NaCl). The spore suspension was inoculated into
EO water and incubated at 27 degrees C for 1, 2, 4, 8 and 32 min. It was found
that the EO water with saturated NaCl completely inhibited the spore germination
of the fungus within 1 min. When the fruits inoculated with P. digitatum were
washed in EO water at the same concentrations as previous experiment for 4, 8
and 16 min and stored at 5 degrees C for 18 days, it was found that immersion
of the fruit in EO water for 8 min was the most effective to reduce disease incidences. Moreover, washing fruit in EO water and kept in a refrigerated chamber
at 5 degrees C with continuous ozone exposure at a concentration of 200 mg
l(-1) for 2 h day(-1) to extend storage life suppressed the disease incidence until
28 days. However, none of the treatments had any effect on the quality of fruit
such as total soluble solids, titratable acidity, percent weight loss and peel color.
Therefore EO water may be useful for surface sanitation and ozone has potential
to control the recontamination of postharvest diseases in tangerine fruit in storage
room. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Key Words: POSTHARVEST DECAY; TABLE GRAPES; FRUIT; PATHOGENS; CHLORINE; ROT
CROP PROTECTION Volume: 29 Issue: 4 Pages: 386-389 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2009.12.024
Published: APR 2010.
251
Effect of feeding Spirulina platensis on growth
and carcass composition of hybrid red tilapia
(Oreochromis mossambicus x O. niloticus)
Ungsethaphand Thepparath1,3, Peerapornpisal Yuwadee2,
Whangchai Niwoot3 and Sardsud Uraporn2
1
Biotechnology Program, Graduated School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
3
Faculty of Fisheries Technology & Aquatic Resources, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290,
Thailand.
2
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the use of spirulina (Spirulina
platensis) as a protein source for hybrid red tilapia. Spirulina was incorporated into
four isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets at 0, 5, 10 and 20% of the fishmeal-based
diet. The test diets were fed to the fish at 2% body weight twice a day for 120
days. The final weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and survival
rate of fish were not affected by spirulina supplementation (p>0.05). There was no
significant difference (p>0.05) in carcass proximate composition of the fish fed on
spirulina diets as compared to those on control diet. This study demonstrates that
up to 20% of spirulina can be substituted for fishmeal in a fishmeal-based diet for
hybrid red tilapia without any adverse effect on fish growth.
Key Words: RAW SPIRULINA; QUALITY
2 Pages: 331-336 Published: MAY-AUG 2010.
252
Effect of Particle Size on Dielectric and Ferroelectric
Properties of 0-3 Lead Magnesium Niobate
Titanate-Portland Cement Composites
Potong R.1, Rianyoi R.1, Jareansuk L.1, Jaitanong N.1, Yimnirun R.2
and Chaipanich A.1
1
2
30000, Thailand.
Abstract
The effect of lead magnesium niobate titanate (PMNT) particle size on the
dielectric and ferroelectric properties of PMNT- Portland cement (PC) composites
was investigated. PMNT of various particle sizes (75-425m) were used at 50% by
volume to produce the composites using the mixing and pressing method. Dielectric
properties at various frequencies (0.1-20 kHz) and ferroelectrics behavior of the
PMNT-Portland cement composites were investigated at room temperature. The
results show that the dielectric constant of PMNT- Portland cement composite
are found to increase ([image omitted] = 154 for particle size 75 m and [image
omitted] = 275 for particle size 425 m (at 1 kHz)), while dielectric loss decreased
with increasing particle size of ferroelectric PMNT ceramics. Furthermore, the
oinstantaneouso remnant polarization (Pir) of composites was found to increase
with increasing PMNT particle size.
Key Words: PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; CERAMICS; TIME
FERROELECTRICS Volume: 405 Pages: 98-104 Article Number: PII 930405944 DOI:
10.1080/00150193.2010.482899 Published: 2010.
253
Effect of plasma treatment on hydrophobicity
and barrier property of polylactic acid
Chaiwong C.1,2, Rachtanapun P.3, Wongchaiya P.3, Auras R.4 and Boonyawan D.1,2
1
Department of Physics & Materials Science, Plasma & Beam Physics Research Facility, Faculty
of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
2
ThEP Center, Bangkok 14000, Thailand.
3
Department of Packaging Technology, Faculty of Ago-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
4
School of Packaging, Michigan State University, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
Abstract
In this work, we investigated the influence of SF(6) plasma generated by
an inductively coupled discharge on the hydrophobicity and barrier properties of
poly(lactic acid), PIA. It was found that SF(6) plasma enhanced the hydrophobicity
of PLA as observed in the increase of the water contact angle. Water absorption
time of the plasma-treated PLA was two-fold increased. However, the plasma treatment did not have significant influence on water vapor permeability of PEA. The
differential scanning calorimetry results revealed that the bulk structure which
controls transportation property of PLA remained unchanged after plasma treatment. Atomic force microscopy showed topographical modification after plasma
treatment. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed the bounding of fluorines in the PEA
structure, which leads to the increase in hydrophobicity of PLA. (C) 2010 Elsevier
Key words: Plasma treatment; Polylactic acid; Hydrophobicity; Barrier property
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY Volume: 204 Issue: 18-19 Pages: 2933-2939
DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.02.048 Published: JUN 25 2010.
254
Effect of Si(3)N(4) nanoparticulates on the mechanical
and electrical properties of PZT ceramics
Namsar Orapim, Watcharapasorn Anucha and Jiansirisomboon Sukanda
Abstract
PZT/xSi(3)N(4) ceramics (when x = 0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 wt.%) were prepared
by a solid-state mixed-oxide method and sintered at 1125 degrees C for 2 h. X-ray
diffraction results suggested that the addition of Si(3)N(4) nanoparticulates did not
significantly affect the unit cell and tetragonality of PZT. The addition of 0.1 wt.%
Si(3)N(4) effectively increased the density and reduced the grain size of PZT ceramics. These changes played an important role in hardness and fracture toughness
improvement. The maximum room temperature dielectric constant was achieved
in a PZT/0.1 wt.% Si(3)N(4) sample. Within the Si(3)N(4)-containing samples, the
high-temperature dielectric values and ferroelectric properties seemed to increase
with increasing concentrations of Si(3)N(4).
Key Words: ZIRCONATE-TITANATE CERAMICS; FERROELECTRIC PROPERTIES;
COMPOSITES; NANOCOMPOSITES
PHYSICA SCRIPTA Volume: T139 Article Number: 014001. DOI: 10.1088/0031-8949/2010/
T139/014001 Published: MAY 2010.
255
Effect of solvents on the microstructure of CaWO(4)
prepared by a solvothermal synthesis
Kaowphong Sulawan1, Thongtem Titipun2 and Thongtem Somchai3
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000,
Thailand.
2
Thailand.
3
Abstract
Different sizes of nanostructured CaWO(4) have been prepared by a simple
solvothermal synthesis at a low temperature of 160 degrees C for 6 h through the
reaction between Ca(NO(3))(2)center dot 4H(2)O and Na(2)WO(4)center dot 2H(2)
O using various solvents as the reaction medium. The products, characterized by
X-ray diffraction (XRD), were specified as pure CaWO(4) with the scheelite structure. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope
(TEM) analysis showed that the particle sizes are mainly related to the physical
and chemical properties of the solvents used in the solvothermal synthesis. Photoluminescence properties were also investigated.
Key words: Nanocrystalline materials; Solvothermal synthesis; CaWO(4)
JOURNAL OF CERAMIC PROCESSING RESEARCH Volume: 11. Issue: 4 Pages: 432-436
Published: AUG 2010.
256
Effect of Temperature on the Dielectric Properties
of 0-3 PZT-Cement Composites
Chaipanich A., Rianyoi R., Potong R. and Jaitanong N.
Mai 50200, Thailand
Abstract
In this work, 0-3 lead zirconate titanate (PZT) was mixed with normal Portland cement to produce 0-3 connectivity composites. The effect of temperature
on the dielectric properties such as the dielectric constant and dielectric loss was
determined. It was found that with increasing PZT content the T(c) increases
where the optimum dielectric constant was observed and that at the temperature
up to 100 degrees C there is a significant change in the dielectric properties in
PZT-cement composites. This is due to the loss of water molecules at up to 100
degrees C. At above 100 degrees C, the dielectric properties of the composites were
found to have a similar behavior to that of PZT ceramic with Tc being approximate
to 420 degrees C.
Key Words: PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; PARTICLE-SIZE
FERROELECTRICS LETTERS SECTION Volume: 37 Issue: 4 Pages: 76-81. DOI:
10.1080/07315171.2010.527799 Published: 2010.
257
Effects of Beryllium on Microstructure
and Resiliency of Silver-Copper Alloy
Chairuangsri Torranin2 and Nisaratanaporn Ekasit1
1
Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University,
2
50200, Thailand.
Abstract
Effects of beryllium on microstructure and resiliency of cast Ag-Cu alloy
containing 93.5 wt% Ag were investigated. Beryllium has an effect on modification of the eutectic structure from the typical lamellar structure to be apparently
discrete Ag-rich phase encapsulated in the Cu-rich constituent. Transmission
electron microscopy revealed that precipitation of fine (>20nm) fcc precipitates
were observed in the dendritic areas of the Be-containing alloy after ageing heat
treatment. Modulus of resilience was used to determine resiliency of the alloys.
The modulus of resilience of the Be-containing alloy was about two times that of
the alloy without Be addition. This is believed to relate to the precipitation of fine
fcc precipitates in the dendritic areas and the modification of eutectic structure
in the Be-containing alloy.
MAY 2010.
258
Effects of bromelain on cellular characteristics
and expression of selected genes in canine
in vitro chondrocyte culture
Siengdee P.2, Nganvongpanit K.1, Pothacharoen P.3, Chomdej S.2,
Mekchay S.4 and Ong-Chai S.3
1
Department of Veterinary Biosciences & Public Health, Bone & Joint Research Laboratory,
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.
2
3
4
Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of bromelain treatment
on canine articular chondrocytes in vitro. This research evaluated cell viability,
levels of apoptotis and mitotis, proteoglycan concentrations and the expression of
certain genes. Chondrocytes were exposed to 50 mu g/ml bromelain for 4, 16 and
32 h. The rate of apoptotis in the treatment groups was significantly lower than in
the control groups that were incubated with media only (P < 0.05); and the mitotic
rate in treatment groups was significantly higher than in the control groups (P
< 0.05), at all durations of exposure. The effect of bromelain on gene expression
was measured by the real-time PCR technique. It was found that bromelain significantly decreased (P < 0.05) TIMP-1 and MMP-3 expression. These experimental
bromelain treatments have shown positive results, and have increased the basic
knowledge in regard to the healing and modulation of osteoarthritis, prior to the
general use of bromelain in clinical practice.
Key Words: COMBINATION THERAPY; SURFACE MOLECULES; CYCLOSPORINE-A;
T-CELLS; ACTIVATION; OSTEOARTHRITIS; ARTHRITIS; MODULATION; CARTILAGE; DISEASE
VETERINARNI MEDICINA Volume: 55 Issue: 11 Pages: 551-560 Published: 2010.
259
Effects of Mn and Cu Doping on Electrical Properties
of 0.75BiFeO(3)-0.25BaTiO(3) Ceramics
Chandarak S.2, Ngamjarurojana A.3, Pojprapai S.2, Srilomsak S.2,
Rujirawat S.1,4 and Yimnirun R.1
1
Institute of Science, School Physics, Suranaree University Technology, Nakhon 30000, Ratchasima, Thailand.
2
Institute of Engineering, School of Ceramic Engineering, Suranaree University Technology,
Nakhon 30000, Ratchasima, Thailand.
3
4
Public Organization, Synchrotron Light Research Institute, Nakhon 30000, Ratchasima,
Thailand.
Abstract
In this study, 0.75BiFeO(3)-0.25BaTiO(3) ceramics doped with Mn and Cu (0,
1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mol%) have been fabricated with an effective solid-state reaction
method developed for high purity ceramics. Attention has been focused on relationships between phase formation, density, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of
the sintered ceramics. It was found that Mn and Cu doping affected the dielectric
and ferroelectric properties of these ceramics. In addition, Cu and Mn doping was
also found to improve the sintering ability and change the structural symmetry
of this system from rhombohedral to tetragonal.
Key Words: CRYSTAL; BIFEO3
INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS Volume: 114 Pages: 100-107 DOI: 10.1080/10584587.
2010.488192 Published: 2010.
260
Effects of Parallel and Perpendicular Compressive
Stresses on the Dielectric and Ferroelectric
Properties of Soft PZT Ceramics
Unruan Muangjai1, Ananta Supon1, Laosiritaworn Yongyut1,
Ngamjarurojana Athipong1, Guo Ruyan2, Bhalla Amar2 and Yimnirun Rattikorn3
1
2
Department of Electrical & Computer of Engineering, College of Engineering, University of
Texas San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249 USA.
3
Institute of Physics, School of Physics, Suranaree University Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima
30000, Thailand.
Abstract
Effects of compressive stress on the dielectric and ferroelectric properties of
commercial soft PZT ceramics were investigated. The dielectric and ferroelectric
properties were measured under compressive stress applied parallel and perpendicular to an electric field direction. The results showed that the dielectric properties;
i.e. the dielectric constant (epsilon(r)) and dielectric loss tangent (tan delta), and
the ferroelectric characteristics; i.e. the area of ferroelectric hysteresis (P-E) loops,
the maximum polarization (P(max)), the coercive field (E(c)) and the remanent
polarization (P(r)), changed significantly with increasing compressive stress. These
changes depended greatly on direction of the applied stress. The stress clamping
of domain wall, de-ageing and non-180 degrees ferroelectric domain switching
processes are responsible for the changes observed. In addition, a significant decrease in those parameters after a full cycle of stress application has been observed
and attributed to the de-poling and stress-induced decrease in switchable part of
spontaneous polarization at high stress. This study clearly showed that the applied
stress has significant influence on the electrical properties of soft PZT ceramics.
Key Words: ZIRCONATE-TITANATE CERAMICS; UNIAXIAL-STRESS; ELECTROMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; DEPENDENCE;
BEHAVIOR; CRYSTALS; FIELD
FERROELECTRICS Volume: 400 Pages: 144-154 DOI: 10.1080/00150193.2010.505517
Published: 2010.
261
Effects of vibro-milling on relaxor ferroelectric behavior
and phase transition of lead-free Ba(Zr0.25Ti0.75)O3 ceramics
Kruea-In C.1, Eitssayeam S.1, Pengpat K.1, Rujijanagul G.1,2 and Tunkasiri T.1,3
1
2
Science & Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
3
Abstract
Lead-free Ba(Zr0.25Ti0.75)O3 ceramics were synthesized from powders
prepared by a conventional mixed oxide and vibro-milling method to investigate
the phase transition, dielectric response, and ferroelectric properties of the prepared samples. Compared to a conventional sample, the samples prepared by the
vibro-milling method showed a higher dielectric constant at the ferroelectric-toparaelectric transition temperature. The vibro-milling method also produced a
stronger frequency dependence on the dielectric constant. To confirm the dielectric
properties and phase transition behavior, ferroelectric hysteresis measurements
were carried out in the temperature range -40 degrees C to 80 degrees C. The
microstructural properties of the samples were investigated and the results were
then correlated with the characteristics of the milled and calcined powder as well
as the grains of the ceramics.
Key Words: TITANATE CERAMICS; GRAIN-SIZE
Number: PII 929856420 DOI: 10.1080/01411594.2010.509604. Published: 2010.
262
Effects of vibro-milling time on phase formation
and particle size of Zn(3)Nb(2)O(8) nanopowders
Prasatkhetragarn A.1, Ketsuwan P.1, Ananta S.2 and Yimnirun R.3
1
School of Science & Technology, Naresuan Phayao University, Phayao 56000, Thailand.
3
30000, Thailand.
2
Abstract
A monoclinic phase of zinc niobate, Zn(3)Nb(2)O(8), nanopowder was synthesized by a solid-state reaction via a rapid vibro-milling technique. The effect of
milling time on the phase formation and particle size of Zn(3)Nb(2)O(8) powder was
investigated. The formation of the Zn(3)Nb(2)O(8) phase in the calcined powders
has been investigated using DTA and XRD techniques. Morphology, particle size
and chemical composition have been determined via a combination of SEM and
laser diffraction techniques. It was found that an average particle size was achieved
at 20 h of vibro-milling after which a higher degree of particle agglomeration
was observed on continuation of milling to 30 h. In addition, by employing an
appropriate choice of the milling time, a narrow particle size distribution curve
was also observed. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Key Words: MICROWAVE DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; SOLID-STATE REACTION;
CALCINATION CONDITIONS; POWDERS; CERAMICS
MATERIALS LETTERS Volume: 64 Issue: 9 Pages: 1113-1116. DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2010.01.088 Published: MAY 15 2010.
263
Effects of ZnO Nanowhiskers Addition on Microstructure
and Dielectric Properties of Lead Titanate Ceramics
Wongmaneerung R.1, Choopan S.2, Yimnirun R.3 and Ananta S.2
1
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand.
3
School of Physics, Institute of Science, Suranaree University Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima
30000, Thailand.
2
Abstract
Ceramic nanocomposites of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowhiskers in lead titanate
(PbTiO3 or PT) matrix were successfully fabricated by a pressureless sintering
technique. Phase formation, densification, microstructure and dielectric properties of the composites were investigated as a function of ZnO content. It has been
found that a densification of the ceramic nanocomposites fabricated in this work
was significantly enhanced, as compared to the conventional PT ceramics. Moreover, the high dielectric constant, which is higher than that of the monolithic PT
ceramics, was found in the PT/ZnO ceramic nanocomposites.
Key Words: COMPOSITES; FABRICATION
FERROELECTRICS Volume: 403 Pages: 150-157 Article Number: PII 930389663. DOI:
10.1080/00150191003750853 Published: 2010.
264
Efficacy and Safety of 1-Month Postpartum ZidovudineDidanosine to Prevent HIV-Resistance Mutations after
Intrapartum Single-Dose Nevirapine
Lallemant Marc1,21,3, Ngo-Giang-Huong Nicole1,21,3, Jourdain Gonzague1,21,3,
Traisaithit Patrinee1,3,4, Cressey Tim R.1,21,3, Collins Intira J.1,21,3,
Jarupanich Tapnarong6, Sukhumanant Thammanoon7, Achalapong Jullapong8,
Sabsanong Prapan9, Chotivanich Nantasak10, Winiyakul Narong,
Ariyadej Surabon13, Kanjanasing Annop14, Ratanakosol Janyaporn12,
Hemvuttiphan Jittapol15, Kengsakul Karun16, Wannapira Wiroj19,
Sittipiyasakul Veerachai5, Pornkitprasarn Witaya11, Liampongsabuddhi Prateung20,
McIntosh Kenneth22, Van Dyke Russell B.23, Frenkel Lisa M.24,25,
Koetsawang Suporn17, Le Coeur Sophie2, Kanchana Siripon18
and PHPT-4 Study Team
1
University of Paris 05, Institute of Research for Development, U174, Institut National d’Études
Démographiques, F-75006 Paris, France.
2
University of Paris 05, Unite Mixte Research 196, Institute of Research for Development, Institut
National d’ Études Démographiques, Center Français de la Population et du Developpement,
F-75006 Paris, France.
3
Chiang Mai University, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
4
Chiang Mai University, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand.
5
Health Promotion Center Region 10, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
6
Hat Yai Hospital, Hat Yai, Songkla, Thailand.
7
Samutsakhon Hospital, Samutsakhon, Thailand.
8
Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital, Chiangrai, Thailand.
9
Samutprakarn Hospital, Samut Prakan, Thailand.
10
Chonburi Hospital, Chon Buri, Thailand.
11
Somdej Pranangchao Sirikit Hospital, Chon Buri, Thailand.
12
Khon Kaen Hospital, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
13
Rayong Hospital, Rayong, Thailand.
14
Chacheongsao Hospital, Chacheongsao, Thailand.
15
Phayao Provincial Hospital, Phayao, Thailand.
16
Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.
17
Mahidol University, Family Health Research Center, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
18
Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand.
19
Buddhachinaraj Hospital, Phitsanulok, Thailand.
20
Lampang Hospital, Lampang, Thailand.
21
Harvard University, School of Public Health, Department of Immunology and Infectious
Diseases, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
22
Harvard University, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Childrens Hospital Boston,
Boston, MA 02115 USA.
23
Tulane University, Health Sciences Center, Department of Pediatrics, New Orleans, LA 70118
USA.
24
University of Washington, Childrens Hospital, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
25
University of Washington, Regional Medical Center, Séattle, WA 98195 USA.
265
Abstract
Background: Intrapartum single-dose nevirapine plus third trimester maternal
and infant zidovudine are essential components of programs to prevent motherto-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in resource-limited
settings. The persistence of nevirapine in the plasma for 3 weeks postpartum risks
selection of resistance mutations to nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors
(NNRTIs). We hypothesized that a 1-month zidovudine-didanosine course initiated
at the same time as single-dose nevirapine (sdNVP) would prevent the selection
of nevirapine-resistance mutations. Methods: HIV-infected pregnant women in the
PHPT-4 cohort with CD4 cell counts >250 cells/mm(3) received antepartum zidovudine from the third trimester until delivery, sdNVP during labor, and a 1-month
zidovudine-didanosine course after delivery. These women were matched on the
basis of baseline HIV load, CD4 cell count, and duration of antepartum zidovudine
to women who received sdNVP in the PHPT-2 trial (control subjects). Consensus
sequencing and the more sensitive oligonucleotide ligation assay were performed
on samples obtained on postpartum days 7-10, 37-45, and 120 (if the HIV load was
>500 copies/mL) to detect K103N/Y181C/G190A mutations. Results: The 222 PHPT4 subjects did not differ from matched control subjects in baseline characteristics
except for age. The combined group median CD4 cell count was 421 cells/mm(3)
(interquartile range [IQR], 322-549 cells/mm3), the median HIV load was 3.45
log(10) copies/mL (IQR, 2.79-4.00 log(10) copies/mL), and the median duration
of zidovudine prophylaxis was 10.4 weeks (IQR, 9.1-11.4 weeks). Using consensus
sequencing, major NNRTI resistance mutations were detected after delivery in 0%
of PHPT-4 subjects and 10.4% of PHPT-2 controls. The oligonucleotide ligation
assay detected resistance in 1.8% of PHPT-4 subjects and 18.9% of controls. Major
NNRTI resistance mutations were detected by either method in 1.8% of PHPT-4
subjects and 20.7% of controls (P<.001). Conclusions: A 1-month postpartum
course of zidovudine plus didanosine prevented the selection of the vast majority
of NNRTI resistance mutations.
Key Words: TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY;
HEPATITIS-B; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; RECEIVING NEVIRAPINE; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; SUBTYPE-A; WOMEN; EXPOSURE; DISCONTINUATION
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES Volume: 50 Issue: 6 Pages: 898-908. DOI: 10.1086/
650745 Published: MAR 15 2010.
266
Electrical and Aging Properties of Doped Barium
Titanate Ceramics
Dechakupt T.1,2, Tangsritrakul J.3, Unruan M.1, Ketsuwan P.4, Srisombat L.5,
Ananta S.1 and Yimnirun R.6
1
2
Thailand.
3
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science & Technology, Thammasat University, Prathumtani,
Thailand.
4
Department of Physics, School of Science & Technology, Naresuan University, Phayao, Thailand.
5
Thailand.
6
School of Physics, Institute of Science, Suranaree University Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima,
Thailand.
Abstract
The tetragonal structured Ba(Ti1-xFex)O3 ceramics where x = 0, 0.005 and
0.01 were prepared by conventional mix-oxide method. Aging of dielectric properties
and ferroelectric hysteresis loop was studied as a function of time. It was found that
two aging stages might be existed in the aging process. The effect of Fe doping in
barium titanate is not clearly seen in the aging of the dielectric properties while
the effect obviously has influence on the P-E hysteresis loops. It is shown that the
P-E loop of Fe doped compositions become constricted after aging. The remanent
polarization and coercive field decreases as a function of time. The decreasing rate
is higher for higher content of Fe dopant.
Key Words: BaTiO3; FERROELECTRICS; BEHAVIOR
FERROELECTRICS Volume: 403 Pages: 97-103 Article Number: PII 930401359. DOI:
10.1080/00150191003748980. Published: 2010.
267
ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
OF PZT/PVDF 0-3 COMPOSITES
Thongsanitgarn Pailyn, Watcharapasorn Anucha and Jiansirisomboon Sukanda
Abstract
Granules of in-house prepared PZT ceramic and powder of commercially
available PVDF polymer were used as starting materials to form a series of xPZT/
(1 - x) PVDF composites (where x = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, and 1.0) with 0-3
connectivity. Densities of the composites tended to increase with increasing PZT
ceramic content. Phase and microstructure of the composites revealed homogeneous mixture between PZT and PVDF phases. The composites with higher ceramic
content had higher dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent. Ferroelectric
measurement revealed the effect of PZT phase connectivity in 0.9PZT/0.1PVDF
ceramic in which a sudden jump in ferroelectric properties was observed. Mechanical properties in terms of hardness, Young’s modulus and fracture toughness
were also improved when PZT content was increased.
Key Words: POLYMER COMPOSITES
SURFACE REVIEW AND LETTERS Volume: 17 Issue: 1 Pages: 1-7. DOI: 10.1142/
S0218625X10013540. Published: FEB 2010.
268
Electrochemically controlled surface plasmon resonance
immunosensor for the detection of human immunoglobulin G
on poly(3-aminobenzoic acid) ultrathin films
Sriwichai Saengrawee1,2,3,4, Baba Akira1,2, Phanichphant Sukon3,4,
Shinbo Kazunari1,2, Kato Keizo1,2 and Kaneko Futao1,2
1
Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Niigata University, Nishi Ku, Niigata 9502181, Japan.
Graduate School of Science & Technology, Niigata University, Nishi Ku, Niigata 9502181,
Japan.
3
Thailand.
4
Faculty of Science Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai
50200, Thailand.
2
Abstract
An electrochemically controlled surface plasmon resonance (SPR) immunosensor based on carboxylated polyaniline was constructed for detecting human
immunoglobulin G (IgG) without using further labeled molecules. The carboxylated
polyaniline, poly(3-aminobenzoic acid) (PABA), was prepared by electropolymerization
of its monomer, 3-aminobenzoic acid (ABA), on a gold-coated high-refractive-index
glass slide that was also used as a working electrode for the electrochemical system.
The kinetic properties during electropolymerization were monitored in situ with
electrochemical-surface plasmon resonance (EC-SPR) spectroscopy. The obtained
PABA film, which was used to construct the immunosensor, showed electroactivity in
neutral phosphate-buffered saline solution. The carboxylic acid surface of the PABA
film was then activated to immobilize anti-human IgG. Finally, the immunosensor
electrode was used to probe the binding reaction of anti-human/human IgG with
various concentrations of human IgG at different constant applied potentials. The
immobilization and binding reaction processes were controlled and also studied in
situ by EC-SPR spectroscopy. The binding process at different applied potentials
was studied and fitted using the Freundlich model. The surface morphology of
the films after the immobilization of anti-human IgG was studied by atomic force
microscopy. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Key words: Surface plasmon resonance immunosensor; Electrochemical-surface
plasmon resonance (EC-SPR) spectroscopy; Poly(3-aminobenzoic acid) (PABA);
Anti-human IgG/human IgG binding; Human IgG; Label-free detection
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL Volume: 147 Issue: 1 Pages: 322-329. DOI:
10.1016/j.snb.2010.03.031 Published: MAY 18 2010.
269
Endophytic actinomycetes isolated from Aquilaria
crassna Pierre ex Lec and screening of plant
growth promoters production
Nimnoi Pongrawee1, Pongsilp Neelawan2 and Lumyong Saisamorn1
1
Department of Biology, Division Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University,
2
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000,
Thailand.
Abstract
A total of 10 endophytic actinomycete strains were successfully isolated from
healthy shoots and roots of Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lec (eaglewood). Analysis
of 16S rDNA sequencing of those isolates showed that they belong to members
of the genera Streptomyces (2 isolates), Nonomuraea (1 isolate), Actinomadura
(1 isolate), Pseudonocardia (1 isolate) and Nocardia (3 isolates). The remaining 2
isolates were unidentified. All of isolates produced the amount of indole-3-acetic
acid (IAA) and ammonia ranging between 9.85 +/- A 0.31 to 15.14 +/- A 0.22
mu g ml(-1) and 2 to 60 mg ml(-1), respectively. Among 10 isolates tested, the
amount of hydroxamate-type siderophore produced by 2 isolates was undetectable.
While the remaining 8 isolates produced the amount of hydroxamate-type ranging
between 3.21 +/- A 0.12 and 39.30 +/- A 0.40 mu g ml(-1). Also, catechols-type
siderophore produced by 9 isolates was undetectable. Actinomadura glauciflava
is only one isolate that produced catechols-type 4.12 +/- A 0.90 mu g ml(-1).
In addition, 10 endophytic actinomycetes showed protease activity ranging from
undetectable to 8.16 +/- A 0.15 unit ml(-1). Genetic relatedness amongst these
isolates was determined base on Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and
Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC
PCR). Both methodologies generated specific patterns corresponding to particular
genotypes. RAPD fingerprinting proved to be slightly more discriminatory than ERIC
PCR. This study is the first published report that actinomycetes can be isolated as
endophytes within this plant. It is also the first published report that endophytic
actinomycetes are capable of producing IAA and siderophores.
Key Words: ROOTS; STREPTOMYCETE; BIOCONTROL; BACTERIA; FUNGI; SOIL;
RHIZOSPHERE; DIVERSITY; SEQUENCES; SOFTWARE
193-203. DOI: 10.1007/s11274-009-0159-3. Published: FEB 2010.
270
Enhanced Photocurrent Generation in Nanostructured
Chromophore/Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Layer-by-Layer
Multilayers
Baba Akira1,2, Matsuzawa Taihei1,2, Sriwichai Saengrawee1,2,3, Ohdaira Yasuo1,2,
Shinbo Kazunari1,2, Kato Keizo1,2, Phanichphant Sukon3,4 and Kaneko Futao1,2
1
Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Niigata University, Nishi Ku, Niigata 9502181, Japan.
Graduate School of Science & Technology, Niigata University, Nishi Ku, Niigata 9502181,
Japan.
3
Thailand.
4
Center for Innovation Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai
50200, Thailand.
2
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate photocurrent generation from nanostructured
layer-by-layer (LbL) ultrathin films consisting of chromophores and single-walled
carbon nanotubes (SWNT). We fabricated 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methy1-4-pyridinio)
porphyrin tetr (p-toluenesulfonate) (TMPyP)-SWNT/sodium copper chlorophyllin (SCC)-SWNT LbL film from noncovalently adsorbed composites. SWNT were
dissolved in water-soluble cationic TMPyP and anionic SCC, and the resulting
solutions were used for electrostatic LbL multilayer fabrication. The solubility of
SWNT in water was studied by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. The composites
were highly dispersed owing to the pi-pi interactions. The fluorescence spectroscopy measurements showed efficient quenching of TMPyP and SCC fluorescence,
which was due to the interaction with SWNT. In situ surface plasmon resonance
spectroscopy during the LbL multilayer fabrication indicated a stepwise increase
in reflectivity, implying the successive formation of nanostructured hybrid ultrathin films. Cyclic voltammetry revealed that the electroactivity of the hybrid film
was enhanced by the incorporation of SWNT. The composite LbL film electrode
exhibited an enhancement of photocurrent compared to a TMPyP/SCC (no SWNT)
film electrode, suggesting efficient charge separation and electron transfer in the
system.
Key Words: WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE;
PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON-TRANSFER; QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE;
DONOR-ACCEPTOR NANOHYBRIDS; ULTRATHIN POLYMER-FILMS; POLY(3,4ETHYLENEDIOXYTHIOPHENE) FILMS; ASCORBIC-ACID; SPECTROSCOPY;
PORPHYRIN
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C Volume: 114 Issue: 35 Pages: 14716-14721
DOI: 10.1021/jp103121m. Published: SEP 9 2010.
271
Enhanced piezoelectric properties and lowered sintering
temperature of Ba(Zr(0.07)Ti(0.93))O(3) by B(2)O(3) addition
Jarupoom P., Pengpat K. and Rujijanagul G.
Abstract
The effects of B(2)O(3) doping on densification, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of Ba(Zr(0.07)Ti(0.93))O(3) (BZT) ceramics were investigated.
The addition of B(2)O(3) to the ceramics lowered the sintering temperature by
similar to 200 degrees C as well as changed their microstructures. Higher B(2)
O(3) concentration caused a decrease in remanent polarization and coercive field,
while the piezoelectric coefficient d(33) remained at a high value of 291 pC/N for
the ceramic sample with 2 wt.% B(2)O(3). The relationship between piezoelectric
properties and ferroelectric constant was examined. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights
reserved.
Key Words: DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; FERROELECTRIC PROPERTIES;
BA0.7SR0.3TIO3 CERAMICS; TITANATE CERAMICS; BARIUM-TITANATE; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEM; VAPOR
CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Volume: 10 Issue: 2 Pages: 557-560. DOI: 10.1016/j.
cap.2009.07.020. Published: MAR 2010.
272
Enhancement of Ethanol Sensing Properties by Alloying TiO(2)
With ZnO Tetrapods
Santhaveesuk Theerapong1,2, Wongratanaphisan Duangmanee1,2
and Choopun Supab1,2
1
Department of Physics & Materials Science, APRL, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University,
2
Thailand.
Abstract
The Ti(x)Zn(1-x)O tetrapods were synthesized using simple thermal oxidation
method from Zn and TiO(2) mixture. The tetrapods exhibited single crystalline
hexagonal wurtzite structure with the prefer growth direction of [0002] along the
legs. The sensors based on Ti(x)Zn(1-x)O tetrapods were fabricated and investigated
the ethanol sensing properties. The FE-SEM, HRTEM, SAED, XRD, and RS results
suggested that Ti(x)Zn(1-x)O alloy was formed with a slightly decrease of c-axis
lattice parameter. The decrease of sensor resistance under ethanol atmosphere was
observed and suggested that the Ti(x)Zn(1-x)O tetrapods possessed n-type property of
semiconductor similar to ZnO. The Ti(x)Zn(1-x)O tetrapod sensors exhibited higher
sensitivity than that of pure ZnO tetrapod sensors for entire ethanol concentration
with optimum operating temperature of 300 degrees C. Thus, the enhancement
of sensitivity due to alloying TiO(2) with the ZnO tetrapods was observed and
maybe explained by an increase of adsorbed oxygen ions due to substitution of Ti
atom into Zn atom. Also, the slope value of the plot between log(S - 1) and log
C suggested that adsorbed oxygen ion species at the surface of the Ti(x)Zn(1-x)O
tetrapods was O(2)-which was same as pure ZnO tetrapods. Finally, these results
have an important implication for a development of ethanol sensors based on metal
oxide semiconductors for alcohol breath analyzer.
Key Words: RAMAN-SCATTERING; DOPED ZNO; FILMS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE;
NANOSTRUCTURES; SENSOR
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Pages: 39-43. DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2009.
2036048. Published: JAN 2010.
273
Enhancement of Ethanol Sensing Properties
by Impregnating Platinum on Surface of ZnO Tetrapods
Hongsith Niyom1,2 and Choopun Supab1,2
1
2
Thailand.
Abstract
ZnO tetrapods with a cross-sectional size of about 200-1000 nm were synthesized via an oxidation reaction technique. The sensors based on ZnO tetrapods and
platinum impregnated ZnO tetrapods were fabricated and investigated for ethanol
sensing properties. The gas sensing properties of the sensors were investigated for
ethanol concentration of 50-1000 ppm at different operating temperatures. It was
found that the sensitivities of platinum impregnated ZnO tetrapod sensors were
higher than that of pure ZnO tetrapod sensors. The enhancement of sensitivity
due to platinum impregnation to ZnO tetrapods may be explained either by an
increase of adsorbed oxygen density or an increase of reaction rate coefficient
in a rate equation for an ethanol adsorption reaction on the ZnO surface. Also,
the slope value of the plot between log (S-1) and log C suggested that adsorbed
oxygen ion species at the surface of the platinum impregnated ZnO tetrapods was
which was O(2-) the same as pure ZnO tetrapods. Finally, these results have an
important implication for a development of ethanol sensors based on metal oxide
semiconductors for alcohol breath analyzers.
Key Words: SENSOR; NANORODS; FABRICATION; NANOSTRUCTURES; NANOBELTS; WHISKER; OXIDES
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Pages: 34-38. DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2009.
2035746. Published: JAN 2010.
274
Enhancement of sensor response by TiO(2) mixing
and Au coating on ZnO tetrapod sensor
Santhaveesuk Theerapong1,2, Wongratanaphisan Duangmanee1,2
1
Department of Physics & Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Applied Physics Research
Laboratory, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
2
Thailand.
Abstract
The sensors based on ZnO tetrapods (T-ZnO) and ZnO tetrapods with TiO(2)
mixing (T-TiZnO) and Au coating (Au/T-TiZnO) were investigated. The T-ZnO and
T-TiZnO were synthesized by a simple thermal oxidation technique. The leg of the
tetrapod is about 1-10 mu m in length and 160-500 nm in diameter. Au coating was
performed by sputtering technique and annealed at 550 degrees C for 6 h under
normal atmosphere. The ethanol sensor response of the T-ZnO, T-TiZnO and Au/TTiZnO sensors was tested at the operating temperature of 260-360 degrees C with
the ethanol concentration of 50, 100, 200, 500, and 1000 ppm. It was found that
at the optimum temperature the Au/T-TiZnO sensor exhibited the highest sensor
response and the T-TiZnO sensor exhibited higher sensor response than that of
the T-ZnO sensor. The Au/T-TiZnO sensor exhibited the highest sensor response
up to 240 at 340 degrees C under the ethanol concentration of 1000 ppm. The
enhancement of the sensor response based on the T-ZnO by TiO(2) mixing and Au
coating can be explained by alloying effect and metal catalytic effect, respectively.
The response enhancement can be explained in terms of electron concentration,
no in air and reaction rate constant, k(Eth). The evidence for both effects can be
found in higher sensor resistance in air and lower sensor resistance in the ethanol
ambient. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Key words: Gas sensor; ZnO; TiO(2); Tetrapod; Sensor response
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL Volume: 147 Issue: 2 Pages: 502-507. DOI:
10.1016/j.snb.2010.03.081 Published: JUN 3 2010.
275
Environmental and biological factors affect desiccation
tolerance of algae from two rivers
(Thailand and New Zealand) with fluctuating flow
Bergey Elizabeth A.1, Bunlue Pensri2, Silalom Somyot2, Thapanya Decha2
and Chantaramongkol Porntip2
1
Department of Zoology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA.
2
Abstract
Flow variation associated with hydropower production causes periodic exposure of zones along the banks of regulated rivers. These zones have reduced
algal biomass and lower productivity. We investigated whether algal assemblages
in regulated rivers differed in tolerance to aerial exposure because understanding such tolerance could be used to alter water releases to improve downstream
productivity. In field experiments, we tested algal tolerance to aerial exposure in
3 assemblages: green filamentous and cyanobacterial assemblages in Thailand and
a mixed (filamentous green + cyanobacteria) assemblage in New Zealand. Algaebearing stones were exposed at night, during the day (in sun or shade, with or
without simulated rain), or continuously, or were continuously submerged (with
a handling control). Exposure reduced cyanobacterial chlorophyll a, and reduction
was greater with day than with night exposure. Mixed algal assemblages showed
a similar pattern in chlorophyll a, but ash-free dry mass (AFDM) did not change
(bleached algae remained). In contrast, green filamentous algae survived better
when exposed than when submerged, and when exposed during the day than at
night. Snails consumed green filamentous algae, and submersion resulted in high
grazing loss of filamentous algae but not cyanobacteria. Grazing pressure was
presumably lower at night during water release. For cyanobacteria, shade and rain
slightly increased chlorophyll a retention. For filamentous green algae, shade had
no effect, and rain was beneficial in the shade but not the sun. Our experiments
demonstrated an interaction among variable hydraulic conditions, activity of
grazing snails, and availability of grazing-susceptible algae. A longer wet dry cycle,
daytime water release, and a shaded riparian zone reduced aerial exposure effects
on algal assemblages, indicating that water releases can be regulated to improve
productivity in the downstream exposed zone.
Key words: hydropower peaking; varial zone; regulated rivers; stream drying; benthic
algae; periphyton ecology; algal grazing
JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BENTHOLOGICAL SOCIETY Volume: 29 Issue:
2 Pages: 725-736. DOI: 10.1899/09-068.1 Published: JUN 2010.
276
Estrogen bioassy of Pueraria mirifica Airy Shaw
and Suvatabandhu
Siangcham Tanapan, Saenphet Supap and Saenphet Kanokporn
Abstract
Pueraria mirifica Airy Shaw & Suvatabandhu has been used by Thai women
for centuries as a rejuvenating herb. The scientific claim for its phytoestrogenic
property leads to the popular use of this plant in several herbal formulations. This
research project was carried out to examine estrogenic activity of P. mirifica from
Lampang Province, Thailand, one of the areas that it is harvested for using as raw
material in herbal industries. Estrogen bioassay of aqueous extract from P. mirifica
at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.2 g/ml was performed in immature ovariectomized
mice in comparison to both the negative and positive control groups. Vaginal orifice
of mice treated with the extract in all groups and with the positive control group
which injected with estradiol benzoate (EB) opened earlier than the negative control
mice and vaginal cornification was also found in these 3 groups only. Moreover,
the extract significantly increased uterine weight and uterine epithelium height
as compared to negative control group with the comparable degree of increment
to those of EB treated group. The data of this present study indicated that dried
powder of P. mirifica which is used as raw material for herbal products of Lampang
Province, exhibited the potent estrogenic activity.
Key Words: FEMALE
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL PLANTS RESEARCH Volume: 4 Issue: 9. Pages: 741-744.
Published: MAY 4 2010.
277
Ethanol-Promoted Fabrication of Tungsten Oxide Nanobelts
with Defined Crystal Orientation
Daothong Suphaporn2,3, Songmee Naratip2, Dejang Nuchjira2,
Pichler Thomas1, Shiozawa Hidetsugu4, Jia Yan5, Batchelor David6,
Kauppinen Esko3, Thongtem Somchai2, Ayala Paola1 and Singjai Pisith2
1
Faculty of Physics, University Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
Department of Physics, Nanomaterials Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
3
Helsinki University Technol, FI-02015 Helsinki, Finland.
4
Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England.
5
NE Normal University, School of Physics, Changchun 130024, People’s Republic of China.
6
BESSY II, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.
2
Abstract
A controlled method for the production of tungsten oxide nanobelts through
metal oxidation in presence of ethanol is proposed. At the optimal synthesis conditions, up to 20 mu m long vertically aligned ribbon-like structures with a narrow
rectangular cross section can be obtained in a tuned manner with preferential
formation of WO(2) in the presence of graphitic like carbon. Bulk and local-scale
studies suggest that carbon diffusion to the surface of the material leads to the
formation of mainly WO(3) nanobelts from simple annealing treatments at 450
degrees C. This represents one alternative method to the common tungsten oxidation in air, opening the possibility to use C-containing compounds with negligible
formation of carbide traces. An in-depth characterization of these materials has
been performed, and the possible growth mechanisms are here discussed.
Key Words: CARBON NANOTUBES; ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES; NANOWIRES;
GROWTH; NANORODS; ARRAYS; VAPOR
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C Volume: 114 Issue: 1 Pages: 10-14. DOI: 10.1021/
jp9085975 Published: JAN 14 2010.
278
Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure
and X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Mn-Doped PZN-PZT Ceramics
Ngamjarurojana Athipong1,4, Srisombat La-Ongnuan2,
Yimnirun Rattikorn3 and Ananta Supon1
1
2
Thailand.
3
School of Technology, Suranaree University Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
4
Thailand.
Abstract
In this work, the selected compositions of a combination between perovskite
piezoelectric ceramics lead zinc niobate (PZN) and lead zirconate titanate (PZT),
close to the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) i.e. the 0.2PZN-0.8PZT, doped
with MnO2 concentrations of 0.0-0.9 wt% were fabricated by a simple solid-state
reaction and a pressureless sintering techniques. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra
from these materials reveal transformation of the tetragonal into the rhombohedral
structure. The local structure of Mn was analyzed by mean of synchrotron extended
X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements at the Mn K-edge. The
correlation between the structural changes and the Mn content was analyzed and
compared. The EXAFS analysis indicates that Mn ions should occupy the B-sites
in PZN-PZT structure and plays a critical role for the hard ferroelectric behavior
of the materials.
Key Words: LEAD-ZIRCONATE-TITANATE; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMICS
FERROELECTRICS Volume: 405 Pages: 50-56. Article Number: PII 930390286. DOI:
10.1080/00150193.2010.482888. Published: 2010.
279
Fabrication and Electrical Properties of Lead Zirconate
Titanate-Cement-Epoxy Composites
Rianyoi R.1, Potong R.1, Jaitanong N.1, Yimnirun R.2 and Chaipanich A.1
1
2
School of Institute, Institute of Science, Suranaree University Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima
30000, Thailand.
Abstract
In this study, epoxy modified lead zirconate titanate-cement 0-3 and 1-3
composites were fabricated via two different techniques with epoxy added as the
third phase. The 0-3 composites were fabricated by the normal paste mixing, while
the 1-3 composites were fabricated using a dice-and-fill technique. The dielectric
and ferroelectric properties of the composites were examined. The results showed
that dielectric constant (epsilon r) at frequency of 1 kHz of 1-3 composites was
higher and dielectric loss was lower than those of the 0-3 composite. The ferroelectric hysteresis loops agree with the results showing reduction area in lossy
characteristic and the loops become more apparent in 1-3 composites. The use of
epoxy results in a lower Pir value but a reduction in the lossy appearance of P-E
loops is observed.
Key Words: PZT PARTICLE-SIZE; PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; DIELECTRICPROPERTIES; POLARIZATION; BEHAVIOR
FERROELECTRICS Volume: 405, Issuse 1, 2010. Pages: 154-160. DOI: 10.1080/000150193.
2010.483194. Published: 2010.
280
Fabrication and properties of plasma-sprayed Al(2)O(3)/TiO(2)
composite coatings: A role of nano-sized TiO(2) addition
Dejang N.1, Watcharapasorn A.1, Wirojupatump S.2, Niranatlumpong P.3
and Jiansirisomboon S.1
1
Department of Physics & MMaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University,
2
Thailand.
3
National Metal & Materials Technology Center, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand.
Abstract
Al(2)O(3)/xTiO(2) (where x = 0, 3, 13 and 20 wt%) composite coatings were
deposited onto mild steel substrates by atmospheric plasma spraying of mixed
micron-sized Al(2)O(3) and nano-sized TiO(2) powders. Phase transformation from
mainly stable alpha-Al(2)O(3) and anatase-TiO(2) in the powders to predominant
metastable gamma-Al(2)O(3) and rutile-TiO(2) in the coatings was observed. Reaction between Al(2)O(3) and TiO(2) phase also occurred producing Al(2)TiO(5)
phase. Microstructural investigation showed that well separated TiO(2) lamellas
were homogeneously dispersed between Al(2)O(3) lamellas. Hardness was found to
decrease with increasing TiO(2) content while fracture toughness increased. The
average wear rates of composite coatings determined by sliding wear test were
lower than that of monolithic Al(2)O(3) coating by approximately 40%. This was
mainly attributed to an increase in fracture toughness and reduction of friction
coefficient due to a presence of TiO(2) splats. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights
reserved.
Key Words: TITANIA COATINGS; MICROSTRUCTURE; BEHAVIOR; POWDERS;
ALUMINA
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY Volume: 204 Issue: 9-10 Pages: 1651-1657. DOI:
10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.10.052. Published: JAN 25 2010.
281
Fallow to forest: Applying indigenous and scientific knowledge
of swidden cultivation to tropical forest restoration
Wangpakapattanawong Prasit1, Kavinchan Nuttira1, Vaidhayakarn Chawapich1,
Schmidt-Vogt Dietrich2 and Elliott Stephen3
1
Center of Mountain Ecosystem Studies, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Kunming 650204, People’s Republic of China.
3
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Forest Restoration Ressearch Unit FORRU CMU,
2
Abstract
Rotational swidden cultivation systems, with fallow periods long enough for
the regeneration of secondary forests are capable of maintaining forest cover and
plant diversity in a dynamic balance in swidden cultivation landscapes. Regeneration
of secondary forests through several successional stages and by a combination of
coppicing and seedling development is still poorly understood, especially the influence of different swiddening practices and the role of animals as seed dispersers.
Swidden cultivators possess a vast knowledge of plants growing in swidden fallows
and of fallow dynamics as well. Forest restoration in Thailand has been carried
out mainly on the basis of experimental research on the potential of indigenous
tree species to promote natural forest regeneration and biodiversity recovery; the
so-called framework species. Another viable source of knowledge for forest restoration can be the study of the semi-natural revegetation processes in fallows and the
indigenous knowledge of swiddeners of these processes. The research presented
here was carried out to attain a better understanding of forest regeneration on
fallow swiddens under different swiddening regimes and how it may be applied
to practical forest restoration, We investigated the vegetation characteristics of
from various stages of secondary succession in fallow swiddens of the Karen and
Lawa ethnic groups in the Mae Chaem watershed, Chiang Mai province, northern
Thailand. Indigenous knowledge on the use of species and traditional ecological
processes in swiddening was recorded by questioning key informants. The data
were analyzed and discussed with respect to their application in forest restoration
and participatory forest management. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Key words: Ethnobotany; Northern Thailand; Secondary succession; Swidden cultivation; Traditional knowledge
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Volume: 260 Issue: 8 Pages: 1399-1406. DOI:
10.1016/j.foreco.2010.07.042 Published: SEP 15 2010.
282
Fast Processing Technique for TiC Coatings on Titanium
Boonruang Chatdanai and Thongtem Somchai
Abstract
Coatings of TiC on titanium by current heating technique was studied.
The titanium rod was cut into the disks with about 20 mm diameter and about
1.5 mm thick. The disks were ground with SiC papers and polished with 0.05
mu m alumina slurry, and then they were cleaned with acetone. In the coating
process, titanium disks were placed amidst 20 mm diameter graphite powders
pressed against them in the glass tube. The electric current was applied across the
graphite matrix with the fixed electric powers from 100 to 180 W for 20 min in
argon atmosphere. The titanium disks were characterized using XRD, SEM, EDS
and microhardness tester. The coating temperature, mass change, carbon concentration and hardness increased as the applied electric power increased. TiC was
detected on the titanium coated at 120 to 180 W. The hardness of the titanium
coated at 180 W is the highest at 6.53 GPa.
Key Words: PULSED-LASER DEPOSITION; ION-IMPLANTATION; FILMS; CARBON
CHIANG MAI JOURNAL OF SCIENCE Volume: 37 Issue: 2 Pages: 206-212. Published:
MAY 2010.
283
Ferroelectric Hysteresis Behavior
of 0-3 PMNT-Cement Composites
Jaitanong N.1, Vittayakorn W. C.1, Yimnirun R.2 and Chaipanich A.1
1
2
30000, Thailand.
Abstract
Lead magnesium niobate titanate (PMNT)Portland cement (PC) composites
were produced. PMNT amount used in this work was 50% by volume. The ferroelectric (P-E) hysteresis behaviors were investigated as function of both frequency
and electric field for all composites. From the results, it was found that there was
an increase in both the instantaneous remnant polarization (Pir) and coercive field
(Eic) when the applied field increased from 5 kV/cm to 20kV/cm, Pir was found
to increase from 1.5 to 9.8 C/cm2 and Eic was found to increase from 3.4 to 13.8
kV/cm. On the other hand, Pir and Eic were found to reduce from 11.1 to 8.8 C/
cm2 and from 10.8 to 15.3 kV/cm respectively, when the frequency was increased
from 30-90 Hz; ascribed to the delayed response of the polarization reversal to
the varying external field.
Key Words: PZT PARTICLE-SIZE; PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES; DIELECTRICPROPERTIES; POLARIZATION; SYSTEMS
FERROELECTRICS Volume: 405. Pages: 105-110 Article Number: PII 930373757. DOI:
10.1080/00150193.2010.482900 Published: 2010.
284
Fifty Three New Record Species of Benthic Diatoms
from Mekong River and Its Tributaries in Thailand
Suphan Sutthawan and Peerapornpisal Yuwadee
Abstract
A study on the diversity of benthic diatoms in Mekong River and its tributaries
in Thailand was carried out during July 2005 to April 2007. Two hundred and fifty
three species of benthic diatoms were found. Fifty three species have never been
previously recorded in Thailand. It could be classified into 3 classes, 11 orders,
22 families and 32 genera. The detailed descriptions of these new records were
reported.
MAY 2010.
285
Five new Mallinella species from the Sundaland of Indonesia
(Araneae, Zodariidae)
Dankittipakul Pakawin1, Jocque Rudy2 and Singtripop Tippawan1
1
Thailand
2
Department of African Zoology, Royal Museum for Center Africa, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium
Abstract
Five new spider species belonging to the genus Mallinella Strand, 1906 (Araneae, Zodariidae) are described from the Greater Sunda (Sumatra, Borneo, Java)
and adjacent smaller islands (Bali, Palau Belitung). These taxa are M. abdita sp.
nov. (male female, East Kalimantan, Borneo), M. bifida sp. nov. (male female, East
and South Kalimantan, Borneo), M. insulana sp. nov. (male, Bali), and M. wiputrai
sp. nov. (male female, Palau Belitung). Males that were considered by Simon to be
conspecific with Storena melanognatha van Hasselt, 1882 prove to belong to an
unknown species and here described as Mallinella simoni sp. nov. (male, Java and
Palau Belitung). New collections from Sundaland confirm that the first species is
confined to Sumatra whereas M. simoni sp. nov. is hitherto known from Java and
Palau Belitung. The known distribution of Mallinella albomaculata Bosmans &
Hillyard, 1990, mentioned from Sulawesi, is here extended to the island of Borneo;
the internal epigyne structure of this species is described and illustrated for the
first time.
Key words: Java; Bali; Sumatra; Kalimantan; Borneo; Palau Belitung; biodiversity;
new record; Asceua; Storena
ZOOTAXA Issue: 2636 Pages: 21-36 Published: OCT 5 2010.
286
Fixed point theorems for alpha-nonexpansive mappings
Klin-eam Chakkrid2,3 and Suantai Suthep1,3
1
Thailand.
2
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000,
Thailand.
3
Faculty of Science, PERDO National Center of Excellence in Mathematics, Mahidol University,
Abstract
In this paper, we prove some fixed point theorems of alpha-nonexpansive mappings introduced by Goebel and Pineda (2007) [1]. Moreover, the demiclosedness
principle for the a-nonexpansive mappings is also established. (C) 2010 Elsevier
Ltd. All rights reserved.
Key words: alpha-nonexpansive mapping; Fixed point; Lipschitzian mapping;
Contraction
APPLIED MATHEMATICS LETTERS Volume: 23 Issue: 6 Pages: 728-731. DOI: 10.1016/j.
aml.2010.02.018 Published: JUN 2010.
287
FIXED POINT THEOREMS FOR NONLINEAR MAPPINGS
AND STRICT CONVEXITY OF BANACH SPACES
Dhompongsa S.1, Fupinwong W.1, Takahashi W.2 and Yao J. C.2
1
Thailand.
2
Department of Applied Mathematics, Natlional Sun Yat Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424,
Taiwan.
Abstract
In this paper, we first prove a fixed point theorem for generalized nonexpansive type mappings in a Banach space by using Kohsaka and Takahashi’s
fixed point theorem [10] for nonspreading mappings. Then using Takahashi. Yao
and Kohsaka’s result [21], we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for the
existence of fixed points of generalized nonexpansive type mappings. Further, we
prove a fixed point theorem for nonspreading mappings with compact domains
in a Banach space. Using this result, we give a necessary and sufficient condition
for strict convexity of Banach spaces.
Key Words: FIRMLY NONEXPANSIVE-MAPPINGS; UNBOUNDED SETS; HILBERTSPACE; PROPERTY
JOURNAL OF NONLINEAR AND CONVEX ANALYSIS Volume: 11 Issue: 1. Pages: 175183. Published: 2010.
288
Flame-Spray-Made Undoped Zinc Oxide Films
for Gas Sensing Applications
Tamaekong Nittaya1, Liewhiran Chaikarn2, Wisitsoraat Anurat3
and Phanichphant Sukon1
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nanoscience Research Laboratory, Chiang Mai
2
Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai
50200, Thailand.
3
National Electronics & Computer Technology Center, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
Abstract
Using zinc naphthenate dissolved in xylene as a precursor undoped ZnO
nanopowders were synthesized by the flame spray pyrolysis technique. The average
diameter and length of ZnO spherical and hexagonal particles were in the range
of 5 to 20 nm, while ZnO nanorods were found to be 5-20 nm wide and 20-40
nm long, under 5/5 (precursor/oxygen) flame conditions. The gas sensitivity of
the undoped ZnO nanopowders towards 50 ppm of NO(2), C(2)H(5)OH and SO(2)
were found to be 33, 7 and 3, respectively. The sensors showed a great selectivity towards NO(2) at high working temperature (at 300 degrees C), while small
resistance variations were observed for C(2)H(5)OH and SO(2), respectively.
Key words: undoped ZnO; flame spray pyrolysis; NO(2); C(2)H(5)OH; SO(2); gas
sensor
SENSORS Volume: 10 Issue: 8 Pages: 7863-7873 DOI: 10.3390/s100807863. Published:
AUG 2010.
289
Flow based immuno/bioassay and trends
in micro-immuno/biosensors
Hartwell Supaporn Kradtap1,2 and Grudpan Kate1,2
1
Thailand.
2
50200, Thailand.
Abstract
The term immuno/bioassay refers to analytical techniques that utilize
the specific molecular recognition between antibodies and antigens or between
biomolecules and specific receptors. Features such as high selectivity and low
sample consumption make them very useful for analysis of samples with complex
matrices. However, immuno/bioassays involve time-consuming (multi-step) operations which usually consist of steps of multiple incubation and washing. These are
tedious and may result in large errors. Automatted immuno/bioassay systems can
ease and shorten these processes and thus are highly beneficial. The hyphenation
of flow-based techniques (i.e. flow injection related techniques and micro-fluidic
systems) with immuno/bioassay protocols paves a new way for performing such
assays. Compared to conventional micro-plate formats, flow-based immuno/bioassays can reduce the time needed for analysis, the volumes of samples and reagents
consumed, and the need for trained personnel. In order to transform immuno/
bioassays from conventional to flow-based formats, the solid surfaces used for the
immobilization step has to be changed in order to meet the specific requirements
of flow systems. To further develop the on-site analytical systems in micro-fluidic
platforms, improvements in detection methods are necessary for high-sensitivity
and rapid measurement. This review overviews the advantages and disadvantages
of flow-based immuno/bioassay formats, the various types of solid surfaces for immobilization, and the methods of detection. Trends to improve sensitivity, speed
and robustness are emphasized.
Key words: Flow injection; Immunoassay; Bioassay; Sensors
MICROCHIMICA ACTA Volume: 169 Issue: 3-4 Pages: 201-220 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-0100333-1. Published: JUN 2010.
290
Flow Injection Determination of Iron Ions with Green Tea
Extracts as a Natural Chromogenic Reagent
Pinyou Piyanut, Hartwell Supaporn Kradtap, Jakmunee Jaroon,
Lapanantnoppakhun Somchai and Grudpan Kate
Abstract
A green chemistry system that utilizes natural extract as an alternative reagent
for determination of metal ions has been investigated. The extract of green tea,
a common beverage, is used for quantification of iron. The green tea extract was
prepared in acetate buffer pH 4.8 and could be used without further purification
with a simple flow injection (FI) system. The intensity of iron-green tea extract
complexes was monitored using a green LED photometer. The use of natural reagent combined with the simple FI-LED photometer set up offers an alternative
low cost and rapid system for the determination of metal ions. Detection limit of
0.05 ppm of Fe(III) ion and sampling rate of 180 injections h(-1) were achieved.
Application of this system to the analysis of iron in pharmaceutical samples was
demonstrated, and the results agreed well with those from the AOAC method.
Key Words: CRUDE EXTRACT; POLYPHENOLS; IRON(III); HEALTH; MECHANISMS;
CHEMISTRY; KINETICS; OXIDASE
ANALYTICAL SCIENCES Volume: 26 Issue: 5 Pages: 619-623 Published: MAY 2010.
291
Flow injection spectrophotometric determination
of lead using 1,5-diphenylthiocarbazone in aqueous micellar
Ruengsitagoon Wirat1, Chisvert Alberto2 and Liawruangrath Saisunee3,4
1
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Khon Kaen
University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
2
Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, E-46100 Valencia, Spain.
3
Thailand.
4
Center of Excellence for Innovation Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University,
Abstract
A simple flow injection colorimetric procedure for determining lead was
established. It is based on the reaction of lead in sulfuric acid with 1,5-diphenylthiocarbazone and sodium dodecyl sulfate, resulting in an intense red-blue
complex with a suitable absorption at 500 nm. A standard or sample solution was
injected into the sulfuric acid stream (flow rate of 2.0 ml min(-1)), which was
then merged with sodium dodecyl sulfate stream (flow rate of 2.0 ml min(-1))
and 1,5-diphenylthiocarbazone stream (flow rate of 1.5 ml min(-1)). Optimum
conditions for determining lead were investigated by univariate method. Under
the optimum conditions, a linear calibration graph was obtained over the range
1.0-12.01 mu g ml(-1) and the detection limit was 0.027 mu g ml(-1) (s/n=3). The
relative standard deviation of the proposed method calculated from 12 replicate
injections of 4.0 and 8.0 mu g ml(-1) of lead was 0.42% and 0.38%, respectively.
The sample throughput was 80 h(-1). The proposed method has been satisfactorily
applied to the determination of lead in water samples. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All
rights reserved.
Key Words: ATOMIC-ABSORPTION-SPECTROMETRY; PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; TRACE-LEVEL LEAD; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; SPECIATION ANALYSIS; RAPID-DETERMINATION; SAMPLES; MERCURY; ION; CHROMATOGRAPHY
TALANTA Volume: 81 Issue: 1-2 Pages: 709-713. DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.01.001
Published: APR 15 2010.
292
Frequency dependence of the Ising-hysteresis phase-diagram:
Mean field analysis
Punya Atchara1, Yimnirun Rattikorn2, Laoratanakul Pitak3
and Laosiritaworn, Yongyut1,4
1
2
30000, Thailand.
3
National Metal & Materials Technology Center, Klongluang 12120, Pathumthani, Thailand.
4
Thailand.
Abstract
In this study, the magnetic hysteresis properties of the Ising model in an
oscillating external magnetic field were evaluated using mean field analysis. The
average magnetization over a full oscillating field-cycle, as a function of the field
amplitude, field frequencies and temperature, was investigated. The dynamic phase
transition boundaries between the dynamic ferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases
were defined on the field amplitude and temperature plane for each field frequency,
in order to study the effect of frequency on the hysteresis dynamic phase transition. For the results, the hysteresis behaviors across the dynamic phase transition
boundary were observed using varying field frequencies. The frequency dispersion of
the hysteresis area, the remanence and the coercivity were categorized into three
distinct types. These phenomena can be explained through an understanding of
the role of frequency in the alteration of the dynamic phase boundaries, something
which results in anomalous hysteresis properties as a function of frequency. (C)
Key words: Mean field; Ising model; Hysteresis; Dynamic phase transition
PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER Volume: 405 Issue: 16 Pages: 3482-3488, DOI:
10.1016/j.physb.2010.05.028 Published: AUG 15 2010.
293
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Accumulations
in Rice During Germination
Jannoey Panatda1,2,3, Niamsup Hataichanoke1,2, Lumyong Saisamon4,
Tajima Shigeyuki5, Nomura Mika5 and Chairote Griangsak1,2
1
Thailand.
2
50200, Thailand.
3
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science & Technology, Pibulsongkram Rajabhat University,
Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
4
5
Department of Life Science, Faculty of Agricuture, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan.
Abstract
GABA (gamma-Aminobutyric acid)-enriched rice becomes a popular healthy
food nowadays. It has a major inhibitory neurotransmitter function. It inhibits
cancer cell proliferation and also reduces blood pressure. GABA concentrations in
rice grains and leaves of five well-known rice cultivars were investigated during
germination. After germination of whole rice grains, hull and young leaves were
removed and grains was used for consumption. Young leaves, waste from rice
milling process, and germinated rice grains were collected to determine GABA
concentrations by LC-MS after 2-hydroxynaphthaldehyde (HN) derivative formation.
Although all of the cultivars have different initial glutamic acid concentrations,
GABA concentrations in rice were not different among them (p>0.05). The GABA
concentrations in rice grains and leaves were dramatically increased with germination
days. However, rice leaves contained more GABA than rice grains by 2-3 folds in
all rice cultivars. The highest GABA concentrations in rice grains and young leaves
were found at 20 and 30 germination days, respectively. After 20 days of germination, GABA concentrations in rice grains were decreased. GABA concentrations in
germinated rice grains were found to be 0.19-1.25 mg/g in Pitsanulok2 (PL2) rice;
294
0.30-2.01 mg/g in Chainat1 (CN1) rice; 0.51-2.45 mg/g in Kawdokmali 105 (KDML
105) rice; 0.34-1.74 mg/g in Supan 1 (SP1) rice and 0.39-1.59 mg/g in Patum1
(PT1) rice cultivars during germination. In contrast, rice leaves showed increased
GABA concentrations until 30 germination days. The GABA concentrations were
shown to be 1.45-3.14 mg/g, 1.36-2.85 mg/g, 2.39-2.52 mg/g, 0.82-2.09 mg/g and
1.33-1.50 mg/g in normal rice PL2, CN1, KDML 105, SP1 and PT1, respectively.
Data of the GABA accumulation and disappearance in rice produced by germination method were presented. These results support effective uses of germinated
rice grains for consumption and rice leaves for pharmaceutical application.
Key Words: BROWN RICE; GLUTAMATE-DECARBOXYLASE; AMINO-ACIDS; SEEDLINGS; SOAKING
JAN 2010.
295
Gel-carbon nanotube materials: the relationship
between nanotube network connectivity and conductivity
Songmee Naratip1,2, Singjai Pisith2 and Panhuis Marc In Het1
1
School of Chemistry, Soft Materials Group, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW,
Australia.
2
Department of Physics & Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Nanomaterials Research Unit, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Abstract
The electrical resistance of carbon nanotube networks (NNs) prepared from
combinations of gellan gum, xanthan gum, Triton X-100, SWNT and MWNT is
reported. It is demonstrated that the NN conductivity can be obtained by analysing
the resistance of two overlapping NN as a function of their overlap distance. Unexpectedly, the connectivity between two overlapping NN was found to scale with the
electrical conductivity over 4 orders of magnitude. Insights into the dependence
of inter-NN contact on applied pressure were obtained.
Key Words: EXTRACELLULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; TRANSPARENT; FILMS; ELECTRONICS; GUM; TRANSISTORS; PERCOLATION; COMPOSITES
NANOSCALE Volume: 2 Issue: 9 Pages: 1740-1745. DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00259c. Published:
2010.
296
Genetic diversity and community of endophytic actinomycetes
within the roots of Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lec assessed
by Actinomycetes-specific PCR and PCR-DGGE of 16S rRNA gene
Nimnoi Pongrawee1, Pongsilp Neelawan2 and Lumyong Saisamorn1
1
Department of Biology, Division Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University,
2
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000,
Thailand.
Abstract
PCR denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was used to determine
diversity and community of endophytic actinomycetes distributed within the roots
of Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lec (eaglewood) DNA was extracted from plant roots
collected from one plantation in Nakhonnayok province and three plantations in
Phetchabun province of Thailand A nested-PCR was used to specifically amplify
all actinobacterial groups PCR-DGGE analysis of a variable region 3 (V3) of 16S
rDNA confirmed the presence of endophytic actinomycetes in genera Nocardia
Pseudonocardia Streptomyces and Actinomadura within the roots of eaglewood from
Phetchabun province Actinomycetes in genera Nocardta Nonomuraea Pseudonocardia and Actinomadura were found to inhabit abundantly in the roots of eaglewood
from Nakhonnayok province Actinobacterial community structures within the
roots of this plant grown in two provinces were different from each other based
on the generated dendrogram and Sorensen s index These results suggest that
different locations resulted in different endophytic actinomycetes communities
within the plant Besides actinobacterial community structure genetic diversity was
analyzed based on species diversity and simple index DGGE exhibited many species of actinomycetes inhibited as endophytes The highest diversity of endophytic
actinomycetes was found in the roots nom a plantation in Nakhonnayok province
and one of the plantations in Phetchabun province This is the first report of the
ecology and the community of endophytic actinomycetes colonized and imbedded
within the roots of eaglewood plant (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved
Key words: PCR DGGE; Endophytic actinomycetes; Community; Diversity
BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY Volume: 38 Issue: 4 Pages: 595-601. DOI:
10.1016/j.bse.2010.07.005. Published: AUG 2010.
297
Genetic evidence supports linguistic affinity
of Mlabri-a hunter-gatherer group in Thailand
Xu Shuhua1,2, Kangwanpong Daoroong3, Seielstad Mark4,
Srikummool Metawee3, Kampuansai Jatupol3 and Jin Li1,2,5,6,7,8
1
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy Sciences & Max Planck Society CAS MPG
Partner, Shanghai Institute for Biology Sciences, Shanghai 200031, People’s Republic of
China.
2
Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Key Lab
of Computational Biology, Shanghai 200031, People’s Republic of China.
3
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50202,
Thailand.
4
Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672, Singapore.
5
State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic
of China.
6
Minitry of Education, Key Lab of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan
University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China.
7
Institute Biomedioal Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of
China.
8
Institute of Health Sceinces, Taizhou 225300, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China.
Abstract
Background: The Mlabri are a group of nomadic hunter-gatherers inhabiting
the rural highlands of Thailand. Little is known about the origins of the Mlabri
and linguistic evidence suggests that the present-day Mlabri language most likely
arose from Tin, a Khmuic language in the Austro-Asiatic language family. This
study aims to examine whether the genetic affinity of the Mlabri is consistent with
this linguistic relationship, and to further explore the origins of this enigmatic
population. Results: We conducted a genome-wide analysis of genetic variation
using more than fifty thousand single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) typed
in thirteen population samples from Thailand, including the Mlabri, Htin and
neighboring populations of the Northern Highlands, speaking Austro-Asiatic, TaiKadai and Hmong-Mien languages. The Mlabri population showed higher LD and
lower haplotype diversity when compared with its neighboring populations. Both
model-free and Bayesian model-based clustering analyses indicated a close genetic
relationship between the Mlabri and the Htin, a group speaking a Tin language.
Conclusion: Our results strongly suggested that the Mlabri share more recent
298
common ancestry with the Htin. We thus provided, to our knowledge, the first
genetic evidence that supports the linguistic affinity of Mlabri, and this association
between linguistic and genetic classifications could reflect the same past population
processes.
Key Words: MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA;
HUMAN GENOME; LANGUAGE REPLACEMENT; TESTING HYPOTHESES; HUMANPOPULATIONS; HAPLOTYPE MAP; Y-CHROMOSOME; ADMIXTURE; EUROPE
BMC GENETICS Volume: 11 Article Number: 18. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-11-18. Published: MAR 19 2010.
299
Graft polymerization of flame-retardant compound
onto silk via plasma jet
Chaiwong C.1,2, Tunma S.1,2, Sangprasert W.3,
Nimmanpipug P.3 and Boonyawan D.1,2
1
Department of Physics & Materials Science, Plasma & Beam Physics Research Facil, Faculty
of Science, Chiang Mai Univeristy, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
2
Thailand.
3
Thailand.
Abstract
We investigated the application of an atmospheric pressure plasma jet to
impart flame retardancy to silk fabrics. Argon plasma jet was used to graft nondurable phosphorus-based flame retardant agent (Pyrovatim (R) PBS) onto silk.
The treated fabric showed a higher level of flame retardancy as evaluated by using
45 degrees flammability test. To evaluate the durability, the treated silk was submitted to washing process. It was found that Ar plasma conferred durable flame
retardancy to the treated silk fabric since the flame retardant character retained
after the washing process. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the yarn
of the Ar treated silk was uniformly covered with the PBS particles whereas PBS
deposited locally on the untreated silk. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed
the presence of phosphorus up to 11 wt.% in the Ar treated silk. Fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy exhibited the bondings between phosphorus and the silk
molecular chains. The molecular dynamics simulations affirmed the incorporation
of phosphorus in the structure of silk. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Key words: Silk; Flame retardancy; Plasma jet; Graft polymerization; MD simulations
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY Volume: 204 Issue: 18-19. Pages: 2991-2995
DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.02.044. Published: JUN 25 2010.
300
Grain growth behavior in bismuth titanate-based ceramics
Watcharapasorn A., Siriprapa P. and Jiansirisomboon S.
Mai 50200, Thailand
Abstract
Bismuth titanate and lanthanum-doped bismuth titanate ceramics were
prepared from freeze-dried powders employing conventional solid state reaction
and sintering procedures. The sintering process was carried out at 1150 degrees
C from 4 up to 48 h. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that preferred orientation was reduced in bismuth titanate ceramic as sintering time increased while
lanthanum-doped sample showed much less degree of preferred orientation and
was independent of sintering time. Grain growth studies also showed that initial
anisotropic grain growth rate was the main factor controlling the grain morphology, rendering the plate-shaped grain in both pure and lanthanum-doped bismuth
titanate ceramics. Based on established grain growth law, pore-controlled diffusion
could be the major mechanism determining the observed microstructure in these
layered compounds. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Key Words: DOPED BI4TI3O12 CERAMICS; SOL-GEL METHOD; FERROELECTRIC
PROPERTIES; MAGNETIC ALIGNMENT; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; POWDERS;
FILMS
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY Volume: 30 Issue: 1 Pages: 87-93.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2009.07.031. Published: JAN 2010.
301
haracteristics of Trapiche Blue Sapphires
from Southern Vietnam
Khotchanin Kanyarat, Thanasuthipitak Panjawan
and Thanasuthipitak Theerapongs
Department of Geological Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai
50200, Thailand.
Abstract
Trapiche patterns are common in emeralds but less common in corundum,
and are typically restricted to ruby. Trapiche sapphire is comparatively rare. Blue
sapphires of the trapiche type from southern Vietnam reveal a distinct core and
fixed six-rayed star, similar in appearance to the patterns found in some rubies
from Mong Hsu, Myanmar. The trapiche consists of dark brown to brown core, six
blue sectors, separated by six brown to brownish yellow arms of the star. Some
samples also show a distinct colour zoning. A massive concentration of needle-like
inclusions is seen in the arms under the microscope. These are oriented perpendicular to the hexagonal crystal faces. A number of inclusions are also observed in
the core area. Gemmological, microscopic, spectroscopic, and chemical properties
are presented to describe the characteristics of the blue sapphires from southern
Vietnam.
2010.
302
Harmonic Analysis of Dynamic Hysteresis Respons
of BaTiO3 Bulk Ceramics
Kanchiang K.1,2, Yimnirun R.3, Wongdamnern N.1, Ngamjarurojana A.1,2
and Laosiritaworn Y.1,2,4
1
2
Thailand.
3
30000, Thailand.
4
Science & Technology Reseach Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Abstract
In this work, the dynamic ferroelectric hysteresis properties in response to
dynamic electric field of BaTiO3 bulk ceramics was investigated using the harmonic
analysis approach. Fourier transformation was used to analyze the periodic polarization signal on frequency domain via each discrete harmonic. From the results,
the hysteresis area is found to depend only on the first harmonic of the real part.
On the other hand, the remnant polarization depends on all odd harmonics of the
real part. Further, the coercive field can be found from the phase-lag between the
inverse Fourier signals re-calculated from the first harmonic of the real part and
that of the imaginary part. The hysteresis properties from the harmonic analysis
match well with those of the original measurement. This suggests that the harmonic analysis is one of the powerful techniques which can be used to predict
hysteresis behavior.
Key Words: AC
FERROELECTRICS Volume: 401 Pages: 123-128. Article Number: PII 930404371. DOI:
10.1080/00150191003672792. Published: 2010.
303
High-performance thin-layer chromatographic determination
of ketoconazole in pharmaceutical formulations
Saysin Suwanna1, Liawruangrath Boonsom1 and Liawruangrath Saisunee2,3
1
2
Department of Chemistry, Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
3
Institute of Science & Technology Research & Development, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai
Abstract
A high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method was developed for
the determination of ketoconazole. The sample was separated on a silica gel 60
F(254) plate and developed in ethanol-acetone-1.0 mol l(-1) H(2)SO(4) by means
of an automatic multiple-development system. The area of the spot was quantified by a TLC scanner at a wavelength of 298 nm. A linear calibration curve was
established over the range of 3-20 mu g/ml of ketoconazole, with a correlation
coefficient of 0.9992. The relative standard deviations for intraday and interday
precisions, for three replicate determinations, were found to be 1.72% and 0.69%
for 5 mu g/ml and 2.18% and 0.94% for 10 mu g/ml of ketoconazole, respectively.
The average percentage recoveries of ketoconazole shampoos (Nora, Kenalyn, and
Nizoral) and ketoconazole creams (Nizoral, Fungasin, and Ketazon) were found to
be 96.10, 97.06, and 99.58, and 96.77, 97.26, and 95.74, respectively. This method
has been applied to the determination of ketoconazole in various pharmaceutical
dosage forms. Common excipients in formulations do not interfere. This method
is simple, precise, accurate, and inexpensive. It should be used for routine analysis.
Key Words: LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS; HUMAN-PLASMA;
CLOTRIMAZOLE; SEPARATION; HPLC; FORMALDEHYDE; VALIDATION; SHAMPOO; AGENT
JOURNAL OF COSMETIC SCIENCE Volume: 61 Issue: 5 Pages: 367-376. Published:
SEP-OCT 2010.
304
HRTEM and ADF-STEM of precipitates at peak-ageing
in cast A356 aluminium alloy
Chomsaeng N.1, Haruta M.2, Chairuangsri T.3, Kurata H.2,
Isoda S.2 and Shiojiri M.4
1
Chiang Mai University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand.
2
Kyoto University, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto 6110011, Japan.
3
Chiang Mai University, Faculty of Science, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Chiang Mai
50200, Thailand.
4
Kyoto Institute Technology, Kyoto 6180091, Japan.
Abstract
Precipitates at peak-ageing in an A356 Al-Mg-Si alloy cast by a semi-solid
process have been studied by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy
(HRTEM) and annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (ADFSTEM). The major precipitate (ppt) at peak-ageing is the monoclinic beta “coincide
or pre-beta”. Its orientation relationship with the fcc-Al matrix is [0 0 1](Al)//[0 1
0](ppt), (0 2 0)(Al)(coincide)//(6 0 1)(ppt) and (2 0 0)(Al)(coincide)//((4) over bar
0 3)(ppt), equivalent to [0 0 1](Al)//[0 1 0](ppt), ((1) over bar 3 0)(Al)//(1 0 0)(ppt)
and (3 2 0)(Al)//(0 0 1)(ppt). The habit direction of this precipitate is [0 0 1](Al)//
[0 1 0](ppt) forming facet planes on ((1) over bar 3 0)(Al)//(1 0 0)(ppt) and (3 2 0)
(Al)//(0 0 1)(ppt), in which very good atomic matching was found. The contrast of
the precipitate in ADF-STEM is reversed to the typical atomic number contrast. To
understand such contrast, a dynamical simulation based on the multi-slice method
was therefore performed using different atomic stacking models and successfully
explain the reverse contrast of the experimental images of the precipitate. (C) 2010
Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Key Words: MG-SI ALLOYS; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; CRYSTALSTRUCTURE; BETA’’-PHASE; AL; SYSTEM; ZONES; INTERFACES
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS. Volume: 496 Issue: 1-2. Pages: 478-487 DOI:
10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.02.084. Published: APR 30 2010.
305
Hydrothermal synthesis of double sheaf-like Sb(2)S(3)
using copolymer as a crystal splitting agent
Pilapong Chalermchai1, Thongtem Titipun1 and Thongtem Somchai2
1
Thailand.
2
Abstract
Double-sheaves of antimony sulfide were synthesized by the 200 degrees C
and 24 h hydrothermal reaction in the acidic solution, containing copolymer-a
crystal splitting agent. Using X-ray technique, electron microscopy, and Raman
as well as UV-visible NIR absorption spectroscopy, the products were specified as
orthorhombic Sb(2)S(3), composing of Sb and S with five vibration modes, in
the shape of spears in bundles with the [001] growth direction and 2.38 eV direct
energy gap. A diffraction pattern was also simulated, and is in good accordance with
that obtained by the interpretation. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Key Words: GROWTH
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS. Volume: 507 Issue: 2 Pages: L38-L42 DOI:
10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.08.003. Published: OCT 8 2010.
306
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Lead Titanate Fine Powders
at Water Boiling Temperature
Chankaew Chaiyos1,2 and Rujiwatra Apinpus1,2
1
Thailand.
2
Ministry of Education, Commission on Highter Education, Center of Excellence Innovation in
Chemistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Abstract
Lead titanate fine powders comprising of a single tetragonal phase and well
characterized particles were successfully synthesized at an exceptionally low temperature of 100 degrees C. The important role of the ultrasonication in reducing
the thermodynamic barrier of the hydrothermal reaction, and the slow rare of
hydrothermal reaction at 100 degrees C were underlined. The synthesized particles
were revealed to be tetragonal in shape, mostly submicrometers, in size, and generally present as large aggregates. The layer-by-layer model was also proposed as
the particle growth mechanism.
Key Words: PHASE-FORMATION; NANOPOWDERS
2010.
307
Hydrothermal synthesis of monoclinic WO(3) nanoplates
and nanorods used as an electrocatalyst
for hydrogen evolution reactions from water
Ham Dong Jin2, Phuruangrat Anukorn1,2, Thongtem Somchai1 and Lee Jae Sung2
1
Department of Physics & Materials Science, Faculty of Sceince, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
2
Pohang University of Science & Technology, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Eco Friendly Catalysis & Energy Laboratory NRL,
Pohang 790784, South Korea.
Abstract
Monoclinic WO(3) (m-WO(3)) nanoplates and nanorods were successfully
synthesized by a simple hydrothermal process using sodium tungstate dihydrate
(Na(2)WO(4) 2H(2)O) ammonium nitrate (NH(4)NO(3)) and polyethylene glycol
(PEG) as initial precursors Phase morphologies and electrochemical properties of
the products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM TEM) high-resolution transmission electron
microscopy (HRTEM) cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV)
The effect of NH(4)NO(3) concentration on the formation of the pure phase of
m-WO(3) nanomaterial was studied The product synthesized under NH(4)NO(3)-free
condition was pure orthorhombic WO(3) 0 33H(2)O (o-WO(3) 0 33H(2)O) phase By
adding and increasing the amount of NH(4)NO(3) to the solution m-WO(3) phase
started to form and became pure m-WO(3) phase when 1 50 g NH(4)NO(3) was
used The morphology of m-WO(3) was nanoplates and became nanorods by PEG
adding The nanostructured m-WO(3) showed much higher electrocatalytic activity
for hydrogen evolution from water than that of the commercial bulk m-WO(3)
including the m-WO(3) nanorods with slightly better than the m-WO(3) nanoplates
(C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved
Key Words: TUNGSTEN-OXIDE; NANOWIRES; GROWTH; ROUTE
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL Volume: 165 Issue: 1 Pages: 365-369. DOI:
10.1016/j.cej.2010.09.003. Published: NOV 15 2010.
308
Hysteresis scaling relations in polycrystalline BaTiO(3)
bulk ceramics
Wongdamnern N.1, Tangsritragul J.2, Ngamjarurojana A.1, Ananta S.1,
Laosiritaworn Y.1 and Yimnirun R.3
1
2
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science & Technology, Thammasat University, Pathum
Thani 12121, Thailand.
3
30000, Thailand.
Abstract
The scaling behaviors of the dynamic ferroelectric hysteresis of polycrystalline
BaTiO(3) bulk ceramics were investigated. To enhance the accuracy of prediction,
not only sets of the scaling relation of hysteresis area < A > against frequency
integral and field amplitude E(0) were established, but also were sets of scaling
relation of remnant polarization (P(r)) and coercive field (E(c)) against frequency
integral and field amplitude E(0). All scaling relations of hysteresis parameters, (A),
Pr, and Ec, displayed obviously the inter-correlation between integral- and E(0)exponents in both sub-coercive field and above coercive field conditions. By first
approximation, the scaling relations took a form of < A > alpha integral(-0.39)E(0)
(1.06), P(r) alpha integral(-184)E(0)(0.47), and E(c) alpha integral(-0.33)E(0)(0.46)
above the coercive field condition: whereas the scaling relations in the form of
< A > alpha integral(-0.55)E(0)(3.40), P(r) alpha integral(-0.43)E(0)(1.73), and E(c)
alpha integral(-0.27)E(0)(1.35) were obtained under a sub-coercive field condition.
The frequency observation range affected directly the scaling exponents. Over the
same frequency range, the scaling relations obtained in this study are generally
comparable to previously reported scaling behavior in BaTiO(3) single crystals,
as well as in other polycrystalline bulk ceramics, suggesting that materials (both
single and polycrystalline) with similar domain switching mechanisms should
have comparable dynamic hysteresis and scaling behavior. 2010 Elsevier By. All
rights reserved.
Key Words: SRBI2TA2O9 THIN-FILMS; FERROELECTRIC SRBI2TA2O9; DYNAMIC
HYSTERESIS; FREQUENCY-RESPONSE; SPIN SYSTEMS; DISPERSION; BEHAVIOR;
MODEL; TEMPERATURE; LOOPS
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS Volume: 124 Issue: 1 Pages: 281-286. DOI:
10.1016/j.matchemphys.2010.06.032. Published: NOV 1 2010.
309
Identification of Major Phenolic Compounds from Nephelium
lappaceum L. and Their Antioxidant Activities
Thitilertdecha Nont1, Teerawutgulrag Aphiwat2, Kilburn Jeremy D.3
and Rakariyatham Nuansri2
1
Division Biotechnology, Graduated School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Thailand.
3
School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England.
2
Abstract
Nephelium lappaceum is a tropical fruit whose peel possesses antioxidant
properties. Experiments on the isolation and identification of the active constituents were conducted, and on their antioxidant activity using a lipid peroxidation
inhibition assay. The methanolic extract of N. lappaceum peels exhibited strong
antioxidant properties. Sephadex LH-20 chromatography was utilized in the isolation of each constituent and the antioxidant properties of each was studied. The
isolated compounds were identified as ellagic acid (EA) (1), corilagin (2) and geraniin
(3). These compounds accounted for 69.3% of methanolic extract, with geraniin
(56.8%) as the major component, and exhibited much greater antioxidant activities
than BHT in both lipid peroxidation (77-186 fold) and DPPH(center dot) (42-87
fold) assays. The results suggest that the isolated ellagitannins, as the principal
components of rambutan peels, could be further utilized as both a medicine and
in the food industry.
Key Words: MODELS IN-VITRO; ELLAGIC ACID; HYDROLYZABLE TANNIN;
PHYLLANTHUS-AMARUS; PELARGONIUM-RENIFORME; LIPID-PEROXIDATION;
EXTRACTS; GERANIIN; ELLAGITANNINS; URINARIA
MOLECULES Volume: 15 Issue: 3 Pages: 1453-1465. DOI: 10.3390/molecules15031453.
310
Immunoproteomic Assay of Streptococcus suis
Serotype 2 Isolated from Patients
Wongsawan Kanruethai1, Wongpia Aphinya2, Lomthaisong Khemika3,
Boonthum Anuson1, Supjatura Volaluck1 and Thraravichitkul Prasit1
1
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand.
2
Thailand.
3
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002,
Thailand.
Abstract
Antigenic proteins of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 was investigated using
an immunoproteomic technique. The whole cell proteins of two Streptococcus
suis strains, LPH02 and MNCM43, isolated from patients with severe toxic shock
syndrome and endocarditis were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
(2-DE). Proteins were blotted onto nitrocellulose membrane. Immunodetection was
done by individually incubating the membrane with either human serum from
infected S. suis patients suffering from meningitis and septic shock or immunized
rabbit serum. After excluding antigenic proteins found in serum of patients infected
with closely related microorganisms Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and
Enterococcus spp., a total of 29 and 30 antigenic protein spots of LPH02 and
MNCM43 strains were found, respectively. To compare the antigenicity between
LPH02 and MNCM43 strains, the number of antigenic protein spots found by reacting with the same serum was considered. The antigenic protein patterns from
different patient sera were also compared. Three specific antigenic protein spots
were successfully identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-offlight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), which matched to o-acetylserine lyase,
phosphomannose isomerase, and acyl-ACP thioesterase, respectively.
Key Words: GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCUS; TOXIC-SHOCK-SYNDROME; PHOSPHOMANNOSE ISOMERASE; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; SURFACE PROTEIN;
IDENTIFICATION; TYPE-2; GENE; MENINGITIS; STRAINS
JAN 2010.
311
Impedance study of giant dielectric permittivity
in BaFe(0.5)Nb(0.5)O(3) perovskite ceramic
Intatha Uraiwan2, Eitssayeam Sukum1, Wang John3 and Tunkasiri Tawee1
1
2
3
Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University
Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore.
Abstract
Single-phase BaFe(0.5)Nb(0.5)O(3) (BFN) ceramics were prepared by solidstate reaction method and were chatacterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) technique.
Then, impedance spectroscopy measurements were conducted in a frequency range
from 100 Hz to I MHz and in a temperature range from 293 to 600 K. Relaxation
phenomena of non-Debye type have been observed in the BFN ceramics, as confirmed by the Cole-Cole plots. The higher values of epsilon’ at the lower frequencies are explained on the basis of the Maxwell-Wagner (MW) polarization model.
Complex impedance analysis enables us to separate the contributions from grains
and grain boundaries Of Our samples. We found that at higher temperatures grain
boundary resistance is higher than grain resistance, irrespective of composition.
Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Key Words: DISPERSION; TEMPERATURE; ABSORPTION; SR
CURRENT APPLIED PHYSICS Volume: 10 Issue: 1 Pages: 21-25. DOI: 10.1016/j.
cap.2009.04.006. Published: JAN 2010.
312
In vitro cultivation and fruit body formation
of the black bolete, Phlebopus portentosus, a popular
edible ectomycorrhizal fungus in Thailand
Sanmee Rarunee1, Lumyong Pipob2, Dell Bernard3 and Lumyong Saisamorn1
1
Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai
50200, Thailand.
3
School of Biological Science & Biotechnology, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.
2
Abstract
The tropical black bolete Phlebopus portentosus is highly favored in the
cuisine of northern Thailand. It is suspected to form ectomycorrhizae with many
host trees. Mycelium of P. portentosus isolated from a basidiome in Chiang Rai
Province in 2003 grew well on modified Gamborg, modified Melin-Norkans, and
Murashige and Skoog media at 30A degrees C and at pH 4. In vitro fructification
of P. portentosus on sorghum grain medium without a host plant is presented for
the first time. Basidiomes emerged 3 months after inoculation on the medium, and
the produced basidiospores germinated on agar, indicating the completion of its
life cycle in vitro without a host. Five putative host plants (Castanopsis tribuloides,
Dipterocarpus alatus, Dimocarpus longan, Pinus kesiya, and Syzygium cumini)
were inoculated with mycelium on sorghum grain medium in a greenhouse to
confirm its ectomycorrhizal status. Ectomycorrhizal roots were observed only on
Pinus kesiya, suggesting that P. portentosus may be facultatively ectomycorrhizal.
Identification of the synthesized ectomycorrhizae was confirmed by PCR amplification of ITS with a designed specific primer (HAR2A).
Key Words: ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; IDENTIFICATION; RUBINELLUS; CULTURE;
ROOTS
MYCOSCIENCE Volume: 51 Issue: 1 Pages: 15-22 DOI: 10.1007/s10267-009-0010-6.
Published: JAN 2010.
313
Infections of Nosema ceranae
in four different honeybee species
Chaimanee Veeranan1, Warrit Natapot2,3 and Chantawannakul Panuwan1
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Center of Excellence Entomology, Chulalongkorn
3
Department of Entomology, National Museum Natural History, Smithsonian Institute, Washington, DC 20013 USA.
2
Abstract
The microsporidium Nosema ceranae is detected in honeybees in Thailand
for the first time. This endoparasite has recently been reported to infect most Apis
mellifera honeybee colonies in Europe, the US, and parts of Asia, and is suspected
to have displaced the endemic endoparasite species, Nosema apis, from the western
A. mellifera. We collected and identified species of microsporidia from the European honeybee (A. mellifera), the cavity nesting Asian honeybee (Apis cerana), the
dwarf Asian honeybee (Apis florea) and the giant Asian honeybee (Apis dorsata)
from colonies in Northern Thailand. We used multiplex PCR technique with two
pairs of primers to differentiate N. ceranae from N. apis. From 80 A. mellifera
samples, 62 (77.5%) were positively identified for the presence of the N. ceranae.
Amongst 46 feral colonies of Asian honeybees (A. cerana, A. florea and A. dorsata)
examined for Nosema infections, only N. ceranae could be detected. No N. apis was
found in our samples. N. ceranae is found to be the only microsporidium infesting
honeybees in Thailand. Moreover, we found the frequencies of N. ceranae infection
in native bees to be less than that of A. mellifera. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights
reserved.
Key words: Apis mellifera; Asian honeybee; Nosema ceranae; Nosema apis; Microsporidia
JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY Volume: 105 Issue: 2 Pages: 207-210. DOI:
10.1016/j.jip.2010.06.005 Published: OCT 2010.
314
Influence of B(2)O(3) on electrical properties and phase
transition of lead-free Ba(Ti(0.9)Sn(0.1))O(3) ceramics
Tawichai N.1, Intatha U.2, Eitssayeam S.1, Pengpat K.1,
Rujijanagul G.1 and Tunkasiri T.1
1
2
Abstract
The phase transition and electrical properties of Ba(Ti0.9Sn0.1)O3 ceramics
with B2O3 added were investigated to explore the effect of B2O3 addition on enhanced densification and dielectric constant of these ceramics. With increasing B2O3
content, a linear reduction of ferroelectric to paraelectric transition temperature
was observed. In addition, higher B2O3 concentrations enhanced a ferroelectric
relaxor behavior in the ceramics. Changes in this behavior were related to densification, second-phase formation and compositional variation of the ceramics.
Key Words: SOL-GEL PROCESS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; BARIUM-TITANATE;
FERROELECTRIC PROPERTIES; BA0.7SR0.3TIO3 CERAMICS; THIN-FILMS; BEHAVIOR; FABRICATION; ADDITIONS; BOUNDARY
PHASE TRANSITIONS Volume: 83 Issue: 1 Pages: 55-63. Article Number: PII 918913209.
DOI: 10.1080/01411590903549005. Published: 2010.
315
Influence of metal cofactors and water on the
catalytic mechanism of creatininase-creatinine
in aqueous solution from molecular dynamics
simulation and quantum study
Lee Vannajan Sanghiran1,2, Kodchakorn Kanchanok3, Jitonnom Jitrayut1,2,
Nimmanpipug Piyarat1,2, Kongtawelert Prachya3 and Premanode Bhusana4
1
Department of Chemistry, CSML, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Center Innovation Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Thailand Center Excellence for Physics ThEP,
3
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Thailand Excellence Center Tissue
Engneering & Stem Cells, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
4
University London Imperial College of Science Technology & Medicine, Institute Biomedical
Engineering, London, England.
2
Abstract
The reaction mechanism of creatinine-creatininase binding to form creatine
as a final product has been investigated by using a combined ab initio quantum
mechanical/molecular mechanical approach and classical molecular dynamics (MD)
simulations. In MD simulations, an X-ray crystal structure of the creatininase/
creatinine was modified for creatininase/creatinine complexes and the MD simulations were run for free creatininase and creatinine in water. MD results reveal that
two X-ray water molecules can be retained in the active site as catalytic water.
The binding free energy from Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Surface
Area calculation predicted the strong binding of creatinine with Zn(2+), Asp45
and Glu183. Two step mechanisms via Mn(2+)/Zn(2+) (as in X-ray structure) and
Zn(2+)/Zn(2+) were proposed for water adding step and ring opening step with
two catalytic waters. The pathway using synchronous transit methods with local
density approximations with PWC functional for the fragment in the active region
were obtained. Preferable pathway Zn(2+)/Zn(2+) was observed due to lower activation energy in water adding step. The calculated energy in the second step for
both systems were comparable with the barrier of 26.03 and 24.44 kcal/mol for
Mn(2+)/Zn(2+) and Zn(2+)/Zn(2+), respectively.
Key words: Creatininase-creatinine; Catalytic mechanism; Molecular dynamics
simulation; Quantum mechanics
JOURNAL OF COMPUTER-AIDED MOLECULAR DESIGN Volume: 24 Issue: 10 Pages:
879-886. DOI: 10.1007/s10822-010-9380-2. Published: OCT 2010.
316
Interfacial morphology and domain configurations
in 0-3 PZT-Portland cement composites
Jaitanong N.1, Zeng H. R.2, Li G. R.2, Yin Q. R.2, Vittayakorn W. C.1,
Yimnirun R.3 and Chaipanich A.1
1
2
Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials & Integrated
Devices, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200050, People’s Republic of China.
3
30000, Thailand.
Abstract
Cement-based piezoelectric composites have attracted great attention recently
due to their promising applications as sensors in smart structures. Lead zirconate
titanate (PZT) and Portland cement (PC) composite were fabricated using 60% of
PZT by volume. Scanning Electron Microscope and piezoresponse force microscope were used to investigate the morphology and domain configurations at the
interfacial zone of PZT-Portland cement composites. Angular PZT ceramic grains
were found to bind well with the cement matrix. The submicro-scale domains
were clearly observed by piezoresponse force microscope at the interfacial regions
between the piezoelectric PZT phase and Portland cement phase, and are clearer
than the images obtained for pure PZT. This is thought to be due to the applied
internal stress of cement to the PZT ceramic particle which resulted to clearer
images. (C) 2009 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.
Key Words: SCANNING FORCE MICROSCOPY; PB(MG1/3NB2/3)O-3-PBTIO3 SINGLE-CRYSTALS; FERROELECTRIC THIN-FILMS; PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES;
DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; SMART MATERIALS; PARTICLE-SIZE; BEHAVIOR;
MICROSTRUCTURE; PIEZORESPONSE
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE Volume: 256 Issue: 10 Pages: 3245-3248. DOI: 10.1016/j.
apsusc.2009.12.013 Published: MAR 1 2010.
317
Ishikawa Iterative Process for a Pair of Single-valued
and Multivalued Nonexpansive Mappings in Banach Spaces
Sokhuma K.2 and Kaewkhao A.1
1
Thailand.
2
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chon Buri 20131,
Thailand.
Abstract
Let E be a nonempty compact convex subset of a uniformly convex Banach
space X, and let t : E -> E and T : E -> KC(E) be a single-valued nonexpansive
mapping and a multivalued nonexpansive mapping, respectively. Assume in addition that Fix(t) boolean AND Fix(T) not equal phi and Tw = {w} for all w is an
element of Fix(t) boolean AND Fix(T). We prove that the sequence of the modified
Ishikawa iteration method generated from an arbitrary x(0) is an element of E
by y(n) = (1 - beta(n))x(n) + beta(n)z(n), x(n+1) = (1 - alpha(n))x(n) + alpha(n)
ty(n) where z(n) is an element of Tx(n) and {alpha(n)}, {beta n} are sequences of
positive numbers satisfying 0 < alpha <= alpha(n), beta(n) <= b < 1, converges
strongly to a common fixed point of t and T; that is, there exists x. E such that
x = t(x) is an element of T(x).
Key Words: FIXED-POINTS; CONVERGENCE; MANN
FIXED POINT THEORY AND APPLICATIONS. Article Number: 618767. DOI: 10.1155/
2010/618767. Published: 2010.
318
Large-scale synthesis of CuS hexaplates in mixed solvents
using a solvothermal method
Thongtem Titipun1, Pilapong Chalermchai1 and Thongtem Somchai2
1
Thailand.
2
Abstract
Large-scale covellite CuS hexaplates were successfully synthesized by the
200 degrees C solvothermal reactions of CuCl(2)center dot 2H(2)O and (NH(4))
(2)S in C(2)H(5)OH-H(2)O mixed solvents containing HCOOH as a pH stabilizer,
including different amounts and molecular weights (MWs) of polyethylene glycol
(PEG). By using XRD and SAED. CuS (hcp) was detected. XRD peaks of the product, synthesized in a solution containing 5 g PEG6000 and 1.5 ml HCOOH for 5
h, are in accordance with those of the simulation and database. The (110) peak
shows the preferential growth, corresponding to the hexaplates. characterized using
SEM, TEM and HRTEM. CuS hexaplates with the (100) and (010) lattice planes
at an angle of 120 degrees were detected oil the flat surface, and the (002) lattice
plane on the edge. UV-vis absorption edge was detected at 610 nm (2.03 eV), and
the PL emission at 361 nm (3.43 eV). Phase and morphology formations were also
explained according to the experimental results. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights
reserved.
Key Words: HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ROUTE
MATERIALS LETTERS Volume: 64 Issue: 2 Pages: 111-114. DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2009.10.004 Published: JAN 31 2010.
319
L-Asparaginase Production by Bipolaris sp BR438 Isolated
from Brown Rice in Thailand
Lapmak Kodchakorn1, Lumyong Saisamorn1, Thongkuntha Sutheera1,
Wongputtisin Pairote2 and Sardsud Uraporn1
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50210, Thailand.
2
Abstract
Thirty-six filamentous fungal isolates obtained from brown rice in Thailand
were screened for their ability to produce L-asparaginase. Using modified Czapek
Dox (mCD) agar containing L-asparagine and phenol red as indicator, 24 L-asparaginase producing fungal isolates could be preliminary identified by observing pink
colour formation. It was found that isolate BR438 exhibited highest activity (6.3
+/- 0.65 U/ml) when cultured in the mCD medium containing 1% L-asparagine
and 0.4% glucose at 30 degrees C for 72 h. Its asparaginase was also proved to
be non-cytotoxic when tested against Vero cell lines. The identification based on
internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA and morphological study
showed that isolate BR438 was Bipolaris sp. and was closely related to Bipolaris
australiensis and B. ovariicola.
Key Words: ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA; SOLID-STATE FERMENTATION;
FUNGI; MICROORGANISMS; ACRYLAMIDE; THERAPY; AGENT
JAN 2010.
320
Luminescence and absorbance of highly crystalline CaMoO(4),
SrMoO(4), CaWO(4) and SrWO(4) nanoparticles synthesized
by co-precipitation method at room temperature
Thongtem Titipun1, Kungwankunakorn Sukjit1, Kuntalue Budsabong2,
Phuruangrat Anukorn3 and Thongtem Somchai3
1
Thailand.
2
Electron Microscopy Research & Service Center, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University,
3
Abstract
Highly crystalline CaMoO, SrMoO(4), CaWO and SrWO(4) nanoparticles were
successfully synthesized by the co-precipitation of mixtures of Ca(NO(3))(2)center
dot 4H(2)O or Sr(NO(3))(2), and Na(2)MoO(4)center dot 2H(2)O or Na(2)WO(4)
center dot 2H(2)O dissolved in ethylene glycol at room temperature (30 degrees
C). Phases, morphologies, atomic vibrations and optical properties were analyzed
by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy. Fourier transform infrared
and Raman spectrophotometry, and ultraviolet-visible and photoluminescent spectroscopy. All products were proved to be MXO(4) (M = Ca and Sr, and X = Mo and
W) with body-centered tetragonal scheelite structures, having round nanoparticles
with the average sizes of 12.06 +/- 1.65, 16.40 +/- 2.44, 15.49 +/- 2.19, and 15.40
+/- 2.30 nm for CaMoO(4), SrMoO(4), CaWO(4) and SrWO(4), respectively. Their
v(1)(A(g)), v(3)(B(g)), v(3)(E(g)), v(4)(B g), v(2)(Ag) and v(f,r,)(A(g)) vibration
modes were also detected - being shifted to lower wavenumbers from MMoO(4)
to MWO(4), due to the change of efficient atomic mass of the oscillating ions
between X(6+) and O(2-) in the [XO(4)](2-) complexes. Band gaps of CaMoO(4),
SrMoO(4), CaWO(4) and SrWO(4) were determined to be 5.07, 3.72, 5.40, and 4.47
eV, respectively. Photoluminescent (PL) emissions were at 414, 413, 418, and 414
nm for CaMoO(4), SrMoO(4), CaWO(4) and SrWO(4), respectively. 0 2010 Elsevier
BM. All rights reserved.
Key words: Nanostructured materials; Co-precipitation; Luminescence; Optical
spectroscopy
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Volume: 506 Issue: 1 Pages: 475-481. DOI:
10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.07.033. Published: SEP 10 2010.
321
Mesoscale Simulation of a Very Heavy Rainfall Event
over Mumbai, Using the Weather Research
and Forecasting (WRF) Model
Kirtsaeng Sukrit1,2,3, Chantara Somporn2,3 and Kreasuwun Jiemjai2,3
1
Thai Meteorological Department, Bangkok 10260, Thailand.
Environmental Science Program, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai
50200, Thailand.
3
Faculty of Science, Center for Environm Health Toxicology & Management of Chemical,
2
Abstract
The simulation of a severe weather phenomenon, in this case the unprecedented heavy rainfall over Mumbai in India on July 26, 2005, was selected for this
study. The mesoscale numerical weather prediction model used here utilized the
Advanced Research Weather Research Forecast model (version 3.0.1), as developed
at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in the USA. The study
used the Kian-Fritsch (KF), Betts-Miller-Janjic (BMJ) and Grell-Devenyi ensemble
(GD) cumulus parameterization schemes across three nested domain configurations.
The precipitation simulation results were compared with rainfall observation data
from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission. The NCEP analyses, with a 1 x 1
degree resolution and 26 levels, were utilized to verify the simulation’s resulting
large-scale circulation pattern, moisture content and relative humidity fields. The
24-hour simulated cumulative rainfall data was created from the different measurements taken at 0300 UTC on July 27, 2005 over Mumbai. It can be observed that
the maximum rainfall simulated from the KF, BMJ and GD schemes at 0000 UTC
on July 25, 2005, under the initial conditions, was 48, 64 and 32 cm respectively,
while the TRMM shows a maximum rainfall of 32 cm at that time. The centre of
maximum rainfall was reduced drastically for all 0000 UTC measurements taken
on July 26 (the following day), where the initial condition experiments simulated a
rainfall amount of only 16 cm. The specific location of the intense rainfall around
Mumbai was very-well simulated in the BMJ for 0000 UTC July 25 initial conditions.
Key words: Heavy rainfall; Cumulus parameterization; WRF model
SEP 2010.
322
Microstructural, physical, and thermal analyses
of Portland cement-fly ash-calcium hydroxide
blended pastes
Nochaiya T.1, Wongkeo W.1, Pimraksa K.2 and Chaipanich A.1
1
Department of Physics & Materials Science, Cement & Concrete Research Laboratory, Faculty
2
50200, Thailand.
Abstract
The effect of calcium hydroxide (CH) on the properties of Portland-fly ash
cement pastes, at up to high-volume fly ash mixes has been investigated using
normal consistency, setting time, compressive strength, thermal analysis and scanning electron microscope. CH as an additive material (5 and 10 wt%), lignite fly
ash (FA) up to 50 wt% was used to produce Portland cement (PC)-FA-CH pastes
at w/PC + FA ratio of 0.5. Water requirement for normal consistency was found
to increase with increasing CH content while a decrease in initial setting time
was found. Furthermore, the compressive strengths of all FA mixes with CH were
found to be higher than the mixes without CH. Thermal analysis and scanning
electron microscope were used to study the hydration of PC-FA-CH system. The
results showed that the first phase transition detected by thermal analyses was
attributed to ettringite, calcium silicate hydrate, gehlenite hydrate and was found
to be higher in PC-FA-CH mixes than in pure Portland-FA cement paste resulting
in an increase in compressive strength. Moreover, the hydration phases were also
found to increase with increasing curing time. Overall, the results show that the
additional of 5 wt% CH in Portland-FA mixes especially at high-volume FA mixes
was found to accelerate FA pozzolanic reaction at early ages (7 and 28 days),
resulting to an increase in compressive strength.
Key Words: CONCRETE; STRENGTH; REACTIVITY; ACTIVATION
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY Volume: 100 Issue: 1 Pages:
101-108. DOI: 10.1007/s10973-009-0491-8. Published: APR 2010.
323
Microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of Bi(2)S(3)
nanorods in flower-shaped bundles
Thongtem Titipun1, Pilapong Chalermchai1, Kavinchan Jutarat1,
Phuruangrat Anukorn2 and Thongtem Somchai2
1
Thailand.
2
Abstract
Bi(2)S(3) nanorods in flower-shaped bundles were successfully synthesized
from the decomposition of Bi-thiourea complexes under the microwave-assisted
hydrothermal process. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) patterns and field emission
scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) show that Bi(2)S(3) has the orthorhombic
phase and appears as nanorods in flower-shaped bundles. A transmission electron
microscopic (TEM) study reveals the independent single Bi(2)S(3) nanorods with
their growth along the [0 0 1] direction. A possible formation mechanism of Bi(2)
S(3) nanorods in flower-shaped bundles is also proposed and discussed. Their UVvis spectrum shows the absorbance at 596 nm, with its direct energy band gap of
1.82 eV. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Key words: Semiconductors; Chemical synthesis; Luminescence; Scanning electron
microscopy; Transmission electron microscopy; X-ray diffraction
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Volume: 500 Issue: 2 Pages: 195-199. DOI:
10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.03.240 Published: JUN 25 2010.
324
Microwave-assisted Pt-Co-Cr/C ternary compound
preparation applied as a cathode catalyst for PEMFC
Sarakonsri T.1, Thungprasert S.1, Klysubun W.2 and Vilaithong T.3
1
Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry PERCH CIC, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
2
Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasima 30000,
Thailand.
3
Department of Physics, Plasma & Beam Physics Research Facility, Faculty of Science, Chiang
Abstract
The present study describes the preparation of catalyst nanocomposites comprised of 20 wt.% Pt-Co-Cr (2 : 1 : 1) particles attached on the surface of carbon
Vulcan XC-72R by microwave radiation; cases of carbon being chemically treated
and untreated are considered. Ethylene glycol was used as the solvent and electron
source for the microwave-assisted reduction reaction, whereas H(2)PtCl(6) center
dot xH(2)O, Co(NO(3))(3) center dot 6H(2)O and Cr(NO(3))(3) center dot 9H(2)O
were used as metal precursors. The C powder surface was chemically modified by
stirring the C in 8N H(2)O(2) for 48 h. For the nanocomposite in which C was
not treated, EDS analysis showed a content of 4.9 wt.% Pt and 1.2 wt.% Cr with
only a trace amount of Co. Higher Pt and Cr contents were observed in the catalyst sample prepared from treated carbon (5.6% Pt and 2.2% Cr), but no Co was
detected. Chromium appeared as Cr(3)O(4) in both samples confirmed by the XAS
spectrum. The obtained phase was therefore Pt-Cr(3)O(4)/C for both samples. The
TEM results indicated that the average particle size of Pt-Cr(3)O(4) was 2.22+/-0.41
nm on treated C and 1.93+/-0.34 nm on untreated C. By the CV technique, it was
observed that the catalytic activity of the treated carbon Pt-Cr(3)O(4) catalyst was
not only higher than that of the untreated carbon Pt-Cr(3)O(4) catalyst, but also
higher than that of the standard platinum catalyst.
Key Words: OXYGEN REDUCTION; CARBON NANOTUBES; ELECTROCATALYSTS
PHYSICA SCRIPTA Volume: T139 Article Number: 014007. DOI: 10.1088/0031-8949/2010/
T139/014007. Published: MAY 2010.
325
Microwave-assisted synthesis and characterization
of SrMoO(4) and SrWO(4) nanocrystals
1
Thailand
2
Mai 50200, Thailand
Abstract
SrMoO(4) and SrWO(4) nanocrystals have been synthesized using Sr(NO(3))
(2) and Na(2)MeO(4) (Me = Mo and W) in ethylene glycol by a microwave irradiation method at 50% of 180 W for 20 min. The product phases were detected
using X-ray and selected area electron diffractions. They show the body-centered
primitive tetragonal structure with the lattice parameters of a = b = 5.4007 and c
= 12.0330 for SrMoO(4), and a = b = 5.4274 and c = 11.9241 for SrWO(4). X-ray
diffraction patterns of the products, obtained by simulation using CaRIne version
3.1 program, are in accordance with those of the corresponding experiment and
International Centre for Diffraction Data. A transmission electron microscope
revealed the presence of nanocrystals composing the products, with their sizes in
the ranges of 14-40 and 14-38 nm for SrMoO(4) and SrWO(4), respectively. Six
different vibrations of nu (1)(A (g)), nu (3)(B (g)), nu (3)(E (g)), nu (4)(B (g)),
nu (2)(A (g)), and nu (f.r.)(A (g)) were detected using a Raman spectrometer, and
the nu (3)(F (2)) antisymmetric stretching and nu (4)(F (2)) bending modes of
[MeO(4)](2-) tetrahedrons using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Photoluminescence emissions of SrMoO(4) and SrWO(4), caused by the (1) T (2) ->
(1) A (1) transition of electrons, were detected at 410 and 418 nm, respectively
Key words: SrMoO(4); SrWO(4); Scheelite structure; Microwave irradiation;
Luminescence
JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH Volume: 12 Issue: 6 Pages: 2287-2294. DOI:
10.1007/s11051-009-9797-5. Published: AUG 2010.
326
Molecular dynamics simulations of Krytox-Silica-Nafion
composite for high temperature fuel cell electrolyte
membranes
Yana Janchai1,2,3, Nimmanpipug Piyarat1,2,3, Chirachanchai Suwabun4,
Gosalawit Rapee4, Dokmaisrijan Supaporn5, Vannarat Sornthep6,
Vilaithong Thiraphat3,7 and Lee Vannajan Sanghiran1,2,3
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, CSML, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai
50200, Thailand.
2
50200, Thailand.
3
Thailand.
4
Petroleum & Petrochem College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
5
Division of Chemistry, School of Science, Walailak University, Nakon Si Thammarat 80161,
Thailand.
6
National Electronics & Computer Technology Center, Large Scale Simulat Research Laboratory, Klongluang 12120, Pathumthani, Thailand.
7
Department of Physics, Fast Neutron Research Facility, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai
Abstract
A five percent by weight of carboxylic acid terminated perfluoropolyether
hybrid with silica (Krytox-Silica) in Nation composite polymer was used in the
modification of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell membrane in order to improve its
efficiency at high operating temperatures. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations
were carried out in order to understand the microscopic properties of two systems,
Krytox-Silica in Nafion and pure Nafion. A model of five percent Krytox-Silica in
a Nation composite polymer consisting of 15 Nafion side chains, 15 hydronium
ions and one of Krytox-Silica was used. In another system, pure Nation was modeled without Krytox-Silica. Models with various amounts of water molecules and
temperatures were simulated to study the water content and temperature effects.
The results were in good agreement with the experiments and could be used to
describe the application of Krytox-Silica Nafion composite at high temperatures.
The effect of the amount of water molecules on the diffusion coefficient or proton
327
conductivity showed more deviations between 5% wt of Krytox-Silica Nafion composite and pure Nation system at lower water content (or higher temperature) than
at high water content (or low temperature). According to the diffusion coefficient
results, the percentage of water molecules at each temperature corresponded to
the known experimental trend. Silica, as the water absorbent in the hybrid polymer
membrane, did not have a strong interaction with water molecules or H(3)O(+)
ions; thus the proton conductivities will not be highly affected by adding KrytoxSilica to the Nation. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Key words: Molecular dynamic simulations; Krytox-Silica nafion composite; High
temperature fuel cell membranes
POLYMER Volume: 51 Issue: 20 Pages: 4632-4638. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.07.036
Published: SEP 17 2010.
328
Molecular Markers for Identification of Stellantchasmus
falcatus and a Phylogenic Study using the HAT-RAPD Method
Wongsawad Chalobol and Wongsawad Pheravut
Abstract
Stellantchasmus falcatus is a minute intestinal fluke in the family Heterophyidae. Metacercariae, the infective stage, were reported in a marine fish, mullet
Liza subviridis, and a fresh water fish, Dermogenus pusillus, in Thailand. Adults
were found in chicks, rats, cats, and humans. Morphological studies were done
for comparing Stellantchasmus sp. worms found in 2 different fish hosts; their
shapes and organ arrangements were very similar except for the prepharynx length.
Therefore, the present study aimed to compare their DNA fingerprints using the
HAT-RAPD method for both types of Stellantchasmus and several other related species. Ten arbitrarily selected primers (OPA-04, OPA-09, OPN-02, OPN-03, OPN-09,
OPN-12, OPP-11, OPR-15, OPX-13, and OPAD-01) were used. It was found that
OPA-09, OPN-03, and OPAD-01 were able to generate S. falcatus specific fragments
in mullets which consisted of 200, 760, and 280 bp, respectively. In addition, the
results of morphologic, DNA fingerprinting, and phylogenetic analyses strongly
suggest that the fresh water and marine specimens of Stellantchamus may be
different species.
Key Words: POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA;
SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; OPISTHORCHIS-VIVERRINI; REACTION ASSAY;
MULTIPLEX-PCR; COPRODIAGNOSIS; HAEMATOBIUM; SNAILS; WATER
KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY Volume: 48 Issue: 4 Pages: 303-307. DOI:
10.3347/kjp.2010.48.4.303. Published: DEC 2010.
329
Molecular Modeling of Peroxidase and Polyphenol Oxidase:
Substrate Specificity and Active Site Comparison
Nokthai Prontipa2, Lee Vannajan Sanghiran1,3,4,5 and Shank Lalida3,4,6
1
Faculty of Science, CSML, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Faculty of Science, Bioinformatics Research Laboratory (BiRL), Chiang Mai University, Chiang
3
Thailand.
4
Faculty of Science, Center of Innovation in Chemistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai
50200, Thailand.
5
Minister Education, Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics ThEP, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
6
Faculty of Science, Phytochem Research Unit, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand.
2
Abstract
Peroxidases (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) are enzymes that are well
known to be involved in the enzymatic browning reaction of fruits and vegetables
with different catalytic mechanisms. Both enzymes have some common substrates,
but each also has its specific substrates. In our computational study, the amino
acid sequence of grape peroxidase (ABX) was used for the construction of models
employing homology modeling method based on the X-ray structure of cytosolic
ascorbate peroxidase from pea (PDB ID:1APX), whereas the model of grape polyphenol
oxidase was obtained directly from the available X-ray structure (PDB ID:2P3X).
Molecular docking of common substrates of these two enzymes was subsequently
studied. It was found that epicatechin and catechin exhibited high affinity with
both enzymes, even though POD and PPO have different binding pockets regarding
the size and the key amino acids involved in binding. Predicted binding modes
of substrates with both enzymes were also compared. The calculated clocking interaction energy of trihydroxybenzoic acid related compounds show high affinity,
suggesting specificity and potential use as common inhibitor to grape ascorbate
peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase.
Key words: peroxidase; polyphenol oxidase; browning reaction; molecular docking
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES. Volume: 11 Issue: 9. Pages:
3266-3276. DOI: 10.3390/ijms11093266. Published: SEP 2010.
330
Molecular simulations of ultra-low-energy nitrogen ion
bombardment of A-DNA in vacuum
Ngaojampa Chanisorn1,2, Nimmanpipug Piyarat1,2, Yu Liangdeng3,4,
Anuntalabhochai Somboon5 and Lee Vannajan Sanghiran1,2
1
50200, Thailand.
3
Department of Physics & Materials Science, Plasma & Beam Physics Research Facility (PBP),
4
Commission Higher Education, Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Bangkok 10400,
Thailand.
5
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Chiang Mai
2
Abstract
For investigating mechanisms involved in low-energy ion beam induced mutation, besides experiments using low-energy and low-fluence ions to bombard naked
DNA, molecular simulations were carried out as an effort towards the insight in
molecular interactions between ions and DNA. In the current study, Monte Carlo
(MC) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were applied. The results of MC
simulations provide some clues about the interaction energies and sites of preference of N-ion bombardment on an A-DNA short duplex strand. MD Simulations of
a single N-ion moving towards the same DNA strand with different linear velocities
corresponding to bombardment energies of 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 eV revealed information about changes in bond lengths and visibly distorted structures of bombarded
nucleotides. The simulations demonstrated that ion-bombardment-induced DNA
change in structure was not a random but preferential effect. (C) 2009 Elsevier
Inc. All rights reserved.
Key Words: STRAND BREAKS; FORCE-FIELD; GAS-PHASE; PLASMID; DAMAGE;
IRRADIATION; DYNAMICS; ELECTRON; SPECTRUM; MODEL
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR GRAPHICS & MODELLING. Volume: 28 Issue: 6. Pages:
533-539. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2009.11.009. Published: FEB 26 2010.
331
Monitoring of arsenic in aquatic plants, water,
and sediment of wastewater treatment ponds
at the Mae Moh Lignite power plant, Thailand
Nateewattana Jomjun1,4, Trichaiyaporn Siripen2, Saouy Maliwan3, Nateewattana Jintapat,
Thavornyutikarn Prasak5, Pengchai Petch6 and Choonluchanon Somporn3
1
Gradute School, Inter-department of Environmental Management International, Chulalongkorn
2
3
Department of Soil Science & Conservation, Faculty of Agricuture, Chiang Mai University,
4
Toxicol Program, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand.
5
Thailand.
6
Faculty of Engineering, Lab of Environmental Engineering, Mahasarakham University, Maha
Sarakham, Thailand.
Abstract
Mae Moh is a risky area for arsenic contamination caused by the effluent
from biowetland ponds in Mae Moh lignite-fuelled power plant. The objective of
this study was to investigate the arsenic concentrations of Mae Moh biowetland
ponds and determine the main factors which are important for arsenic phytoremediation in the treatment system. The result revealed that arsenic concentrations
in the supernant were in the range of less than 1.0 mu g As L (-aEuro parts per
thousand 1) to 2.0 mu g As L (-aEuro parts per thousand 1) while those in the
sediment were in the range of 25-200 mu g As kg soil (-aEuro parts per thousand 1). Both values were below the Thailand national standard of 0.25 mg As L
(-aEuro parts per thousand 1) for water and 27 mg As kg soil (-aEuro parts per
thousand 1) for the soil. Arsenic accumulation in the biomass of 5 aquatic plants
at the biowetland ponds ranged from 123.83 to 280.53 mg As kgPlant (-aEuro
parts per thousand 1). Regarding the result of regression analysis (R (2) = 0.474
to 0.954), high concentrations of organic matter and other soluble ions as well as
332
high pH value in the sediment could significantly enhance the removal of soluble
arsenic in the wetland ponds. From the regression equation of accumulated arsenic
concentration in each aquatic plant, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms. (R (2) =
0.954), Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. (R (2) = 0.850), and Typha angustifolia (L.) (R (2)
= 0.841) were found to be preferable arsenic removers for wastewater treatment
pond in the condition of low Eh value and high content of solid phase EC and
phosphorus. On the other hand, Canna glauca (L.) (R (2) = 0.749) appeared to be
favorable arsenic accumulator for the treatment pond in the condition of high Eh
value and high concentration of soluble EC.
Key words: Arsenic; Typha angustifolia (L.); Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms.;
Canna glauca (L.); Ipomoea aquatica Forsk.; Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott; Wetland pond; Mae Moh; Phytoremediation
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT Volume: 165 Issue: 1-4. Pages:
585-594 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-009-0970-1. Published: JUN 2010.
333
Monte Carlo Investigation of Ferromagnetic Properties
Under Compressive Stress
Laosiritaworn Yongyut1,2, Ananta Supon1 and Yimnirun Rattikorn3
1
2
Commission on Highter Education, Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Bangkok 10400,
Thailand.
3
Institute of Science, School Physics, Suranaree University Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima
30000, Thailand.
Abstract
In this work, we used Monte Carlo simulations to model the three-dimensional
ferromagnetic Ising spins under the influence of uniaxial and hydrostatic compressive mechanical stresses. The study was performed with a cluster-flip algorithm
to investigate how the magnetic properties including critical behaviors depend on
temperatures and the applied mechanical stresses. From the results, the magnetic
profiles as a function of temperature were obtained and it was found that the
applied stresses lowered the magnetic phase transition point. However, the critical
exponents to the relevant observables did not significantly change. This suggests
universality behavior in magnetic systems under loading environment.
Key Words: 3-DIMENSIONAL ISING-MODEL; HIGH-PRESSURE; CRITICALBEHAVIOR; ULTRATHIN FILMS; TRANSITION; TEMPERATURE; LATTICE;
FUTURE
CHIANG MAI JOURNAL OF SCIENCE Volume: 37 Issue: 2. Pages: 252-259. Published:
MAY 2010.
334
Muscodor cinnamomi, a new endophytic species
from Cinnamomum bejolghota
Suwannarach Nakarin1, Bussaban Boonsom1, Hyde Kevin D.2
and Lumyong Saisamorn1
1
Thailand.
2
Abstract
Muscodor cinnamomi is described as a new species, endophytic within leaf
tissues of Cinnamomum bejolghota (Lauraceae) in Doi Suthep-Pui National Park,
Northern Thailand. Molecular analysis indicated differences from the five previously
described Muscodor spp. Volatile organic compounds analysis showed that M. cinnamomi produced azulene (differentiating it from M. crispans) but did not produce
naphthalene (differentiating it from M. albus, M. roseus, and M. vitigenus).
Key words: sterile ascomycete; cinnamon; endophytes; volatile compounds
MYCOTAXON Volume: 114 Pages: 15-23 DOI: 10.5248/114.15. Published: OCT-DEC
2010.
335
Nanostructured carbon nanotubes/copper phthalocyanine
hybrid multilayers prepared using layer-by-layer
self-assembly approach
Baba Akira1,2, Kanetsuna Yoshinori1,2, Sriwichai Saengrawee1,2,
Ohdaira Yasuo1,2, Shinbo Kazunari1,2, Kato Keizo1,2,
Phanichphant Sukon3 and Kaneko Futao1,2
1
Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Nishi Ku, Niigata University, Niigata 9502181, Japan.
Gradute School of Science & Technology, Nishi Ku, Niigata University, Niigata 9502181,
Japan.
3
Thailand.
2
Abstract
In this report, we demonstrate a convenient method of fabricating singlewalled carbon nanotubes/organic semiconductor hybrid ultrathin multilayers
using a layer-by-layer self-assembly approach. Single-walled carbon nanotubes were
solubilized by water-soluble cationic alcian blue pyridine variant and anionic copper
phthalocyanine-3,4’,4 “,4” -tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt, which were then
utilized for electrostatic layer-by-layer multilayer fabrication. The solubilization
ability of single-walled carbon nanotubes was studied in water by UV-vis absorption
spectroscopy. The composites were highly dispersed owing to the pi-pi interactions.
In situ surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy during the layer-by-layer multilayer
fabrication indicated a stepwise increase in reflectivity, indicating the successive
formation of nanostructured hybrid ultrathin films. Cyclic voltammetry revealed
that the electroactivity of the hybrid film was enhanced by the incorporation of
single-walled nanotubes. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Key Words: PLASMON RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRONTRANSFER; DONOR-ACCEPTOR NANOHYBRIDS; ULTRATHIN POLYMER-FILMS;
SINGLE-WALL; POLY(3,4-ETHYLENEDIOXYTHIOPHENE) FILMS; ASCORBIC-ACID;
PORPHYRIN; SOLUBILIZATION
THIN SOLID FILMS Volume: 518 Issue: 8 Pages: 2200-2205. DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2009.09.052
Published: FEB 1 2010.
336
Oblongolides from the Endophytic Fungus
Phomopsis sp BCC 9789
Bunyapaiboonsri Taridaporn1, Yoiprommarat Seangaroon1,
Srikitikulchai Prasert1, Srichomthong Kitlada1 and Lumyong Saisaimorn2
1
National Center for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Klongluang 12120,
Pathumthani, Thailand.
2
Abstract
Six new oblongolides, W1, W2, X, Y, and Z (1-3, 6, 7) and 2-deoxy-4 alphahydroxyoblongolide X (4), and the known compounds oblongolide (8), oblongolides
T, C, and Q (5, 9, 10), and (-)-5-methylmellein were isolated from the endophytic
fungus Phomopsis sp. BCC 9789. Compound 7 showed anti-HSV-1 activity (IC(50)
= 14 mu M) and cytotoxic activities against KB, BC, NCI-H187, and nonmalignant
(Vero) cell lines with respective IC(50) values of 37, 26, 32, and 60 mu M. Cytotoxic
activity against the BC cell line was also observed for compound 6, with all IC(50)
value of 48 mu M.
Key Words: METABOLIC PRODUCTS; ASSAY; OBLONGA; DIMERS
JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS Volume: 73 Issue: 1 Pages: 55-59. DOI: 10.1021/
np900650c. Published: JAN 2010.
337
Occurrence and diversity of basidiomycetous endophytes
from the oil palm, Elaeis guineensis in Thailand
Pinruan Umpava1,2, Rungjindamai Nattawut1, Choeyklin Rattaket1,
Lumyong Saisamorn2, Hyde Kevin D.3 and Jones E. B. Gareth1
1
NSTDA, National Center for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, BIOTEC Bioresources
Technology Unit, Khlong Luang 12120, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
2
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50000,
Thailand.
3
School for Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand.
Abstract
Fungal endophytes associated with the oil palm, Elaeis guineensis, at an oil
palm plantation in Trang Province, Thailand were investigated. Two samplings at
the same site yielded 162 and 178 morphotypes. The overall colonization rate was
81 and 87%, respectively, with non-sporulating species being most common. Twenty
strains were identified as basidiomycetes using morphological characteristics and
confirmed at the molecular level using ribosomal DNA, LSU and ITS sequence
data. Species included Fomitopsis cf. meliae, F. cf. ostreiformis, F. cf. pinicola,
Perenniporia sp., Pycnoporus sanguineus, Trametes lactinea, and Schizophyllum
commune. Leaves supported the greatest number of basidiomycetous taxa (11
strains) with five and four taxa from petioles and rachides, respectively. Twelve
taxa produced poroid basidiomes in PDA culture, while the remainder had clampconnections. Basidiomycetes occurring as saprobes on oil palm were also recorded
and compared with those present as endophytes.
Key Words: FOLIAR FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES; MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT;
ATTACHED BEECH BRANCHES; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; TAXONOMIC
PLACEMENT; MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI; FUCUS-SERRATUS; RDNA SEQUENCES;
LEAVES; IDENTIFICATION
FUNGAL DIVERSITY Volume: 41 Issue: 1 Pages: 71-88. DOI: 10.1007/s13225-010-0029-1
338
Patterns of occurrence of myxomycetes on lianas
Ko Thida Win Ko1,4, Stephenson Steven L.2, Hyde Kevin D.3,
Rojas Carlos2 and Lumyong Saisamorn1
1
Thailand.
2
Department of Biological Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.
3
4
Mushroom Research Foundation, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand.
Abstract
Patterns of occurrence of myxomycetes on different types of lianas were assessed
at the Mushroom Research Centre in northern Thailand during the rainy season
of Jun.-Sep. 2008. A total of 30 species representing, 15 genera of myxomycetes,
were obtained from a series of moist chamber cultures prepared with samples of
living and dead lianas. The results of the present study appear to indicate that
such biodiversity parameters of myxomycete communities as species richness,
species diversity, taxonomic diversity and species composition vary on lianas as a
result of the differences that exist in height above the ground, bark texture and
liana diameter. Three of the species (Physarum didermoides, Physarum aeneum
and Perichaena dictyonema) recorded in the present study are new for Thailand.
(C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd and The British Mycological Society. All rights reserved.
Key Words: BIODIVERSITY ASSESSMENT; TROPICAL FORESTS; ECOLOGY; MICROHABITAT; LITTER; THAILAND; ECUADOR; REGIONS
FUNGAL ECOLOGY Volume: 3 Issue: 4 Pages: 302-310. DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2009.11.005
Published: NOV 2010.
339
Pervaporation flow injection analysis for the determination
of sulphite in food samples utilising potassium permanganaterhodamine B chemiluminescence detection
Satienperakul Sakchai1, Phongdong Pornthana1 and Liawruangrath Saisunee2,3
1
Thailand.
3
Postgraduate Education & Research Program Chemistry PERCH, Faculty of Science, CIC,
2
Abstract
A simple pervaporation flow injection chemiluminescence (PFI-CL) procedure
was utilised as an on-line separation for the analysis of contaminated sulphite in
food samples. The method involves the injection of standard and/or sulphite sample
solutions into a 0.20 M sulphuric acid donor stream. Sulphite is converted to
sulphur dioxide and transported to the donor chamber of a pervaporation module.
The sulphur dioxide gas then evaporates into the headspace and diffuses across a
semi-permeable PTFE membrane into an acceptor stream containing 0.75% (m/v)
sodium hexametaphosphate and 1.0 mg L(-1) rhodamine B in 0.02 M H(3)PO(4),
which functions as a carrier solution for the chemiluminescence detection. The
sulphur dioxide in the acceptor stream merges at a T-piece with a reagent stream
consisting of potassium permanganate (8.0 x 10(-5) M) prepared in the acidic sodium
hexametaphosphate carrier solution. The elicited chemiluminescence intensity of
the resulting reaction mixture was measured at a red sensitive photomultiplier
tube operated at a voltage of 1.00 kV. Optimal experimental conditions for an
on-line determination of sulphite were investigated. The second-order polynomial
calibration curve was developed over the concentration range of 0.5-10.0 mg L(-1)
sulphite with a resulting equation of I = -0.239C(2) + 4.846C - 1.64, r(2) = 0.9997.
The detection limit was found to be 0.2 mg L(-1) with a sampling frequency of 30
h(-1). The effects of common anionic and cationic interferences were also investigated. The proposed PFI procedure was successfully applied to the determination
of sulphite in different food samples. The PFI data was validated versus standard
differential pulse polarography. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Key words: Sulphite; Flow injection; Pervaporation; Chemiluminescence; Acidic
potassium permanganate; Rhodamine B
FOOD CHEMISTRY Volume: 121 Issue: 3 Pages: 893-898. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.
2010.01.013 Published: AUG 1 2010.
340
Phase development and dielectric responses
in PMN-BNT ceramics
Jaitanong N., Vittayakorn W. C. and Chaipanich A.
Abstract
(1 - x)Pb(Mg(1/3)Nb(2/3))O(3)-x(Bi(0.5)Na(0.5))TiO(3) ceramics were prepared
by the conventional mixed-oxide method. All compositions show complete perovskite
solid solutions and the structure to change from cubic to rhombohedral at x = 0.5.
The dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent were measured as a function
of both temperature and frequency. The results indicated a relaxor ferroelectric
behavior for all ceramics. The temperature at maximum of the dielectric constant
of PMN-BNT ceramics were seen to increase with increasing BNT content. Moreover, the broadest dielectric peak occurs at x = 0.9, which leads to a tnorphotropic
phase boundary in this system. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All
rights reserved.
Key Words: FREE PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMICS; LEAD-FREE CERAMICS; (1-X)
BATIO3-XBI(0.5)NA(0.5)TIO(3) CERAMICS; FERROELECTRIC PROPERTIES;
ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL Volume: 36 Issue: 4 Pages: 1479-1483 DOI: 10.1016/j.
ceramint.2010.01.003 Published: MAY 2010.
341
Phase transition anomaly observed in PbZrO3/Al2O3
nanocomposites
Puchmark C.2, Rujijanagul G.1 and Milne S. J.3
1
2
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
3
Institute for Research, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
Abstract
Effects of Al2O3 nanoparticle additions on the phase transitions of PbZrO3/
Al2O3 nanocomposites were investigated. The nanocomposites were prepared by
a solid-state reaction method. The phase transition behaviour of the composites
was studied by dielectric measurements and differential scanning calorimetry.
Nanoparticle additions produced a significant reduction in the temperature of the
phase transition from ferroelectric to antiferroelectric phase during the cooling
measurement. This resulted in a large thermal hysteresis. The results indicated
that the intermediate ferroelectric phase of PbZrO3 is very sensitive to the Al2O3
impurity. It is proposed that changes in defec
Key Words: FERROELECTRIC PHASE; (PB0.90BA0.10)ZRO3 CERAMICS; LEAD
ZIRCONATE
Number: PII 929908112 DOI:10.1080/01411594.2010.509163. Published: 2010.
342
Phase transition behavior in (1-x)PZT-xBiAlO3 ceramics
Tawichai N.1, Tunkasiri T.1,2, Eitssayeam S.1, Pengpat K.1 and Rujijanagul G.1,3
1
2
3
Abstract
In this study, a new ceramic with the composition (1 - x)Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3xBiAlO3 was fabricated using the solid state method. Phase transition characteristic
and dielectric response were investigated. With increase in the content of BiAlO3, a
transformation from the tetragonal to the rhombohedral phase was observed. The
addition also enhanced the degree of phase transition diffuseness and produced
a decrease in the ferroelectric-to-paraelectric phase transition temperature. The
results suggested that BiAlO3 has a strong effect on the transition behavior of the
solid solution. It is proposed that lattice distortion and compositional fluctuation
are responsible for these effects.
Key Words: DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; TITANATE; BIALO3
Number: PII 929905534 DOI:10.1080/01411594.2010.509612. Published: 2010.
343
Phenolic content and antioxidant properties
of green chilli paste and its ingredients
Ruanma Kamonra, Shank Lalida and Chairote Griangsak
Abstract
Green chilli paste and its ingredients (chilli, red onion and garlic) from
different stages of processing were analysed for total phenolic content and antioxidant properties, i.e. total antioxidant capacity, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and
beta-carotene bleaching activity. The effects of processing stage on total phenolic
content and antioxidant properties of green chilli paste and its ingredients were
discussed, along with the correlation between the total phenolic content and the
antioxidant properties.
Key Words: COOKING; ONION; L.; FLAVONOIDS; VEGETABLES; EXTRACTS;
MATURITY
2 Pages: 193-200. Published: MAY-AUG 2010.
344
Plasma immersion low-energy-ion bombardment of naked DNA
Sarapirom S.1, Sangwijit K.2, Anuntalabhochai S.2 and Yu L. D.1,3
1
Department of Physics & Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Plasma & Beam Physics
Research Facility, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
2
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Chiang Mai
3
Commission Higher Education, Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Bangkok 10400,
Thailand.
Abstract
Low-energy ion irradiation of DNA is of great interest in fundamental studies on mechanisms involved in low-energy ion beam induced mutation, plasma
sterilization and ionizing radiation risk of lives. We have made the first attempt
to use low-energy ions in plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition
(PIII-D) to bombard naked plasmid DNA to investigate effect on the DNA structural modification and mutation. Naked DNA samples were immersed in either
argon or nitrogen plasma in low pressure and then bombarded by ions in the
plasma in different conditions, namely, using a low bias of -2.5 kV, or no bias, in
which the sample holder was either grounded or not grounded, to low fluences
of 10(11), 10(12) and 10(13) ions/cm(2). The plasma-treated DNA was transferred
into bacteria E. coli. Mutation was found from the bacterial colonies when DNA
was bombarded with the bias, but not found when DNA was bombarded without a
bias. This indicates that ions with energy only at the order of the thermal energy
cannot induce mutation but with low-energy of key the ions can. Subsequent gel
electrophoresis and DNA sequencing analyzed the DNA structural changes and
found certain modifications in the DNA forms. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights
reserved.
Key words: Plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (PIII-D); Low-energy
ion; Naked DNA; Mutation
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY. Volume: 204 Issue: 18-19. Pages: 2960-2965
DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.02.036 Published: JUN 25 2010.
345
Polyethyleneimine/sodium dodecyl sulphate adsorbed
silica particles and their adsorption properties
Janhom Sorapong1,2
1
Thailand.
2
50200, Thailand.
Abstract
Silica particles were modified in aqueous solution with polyethyleneimine (PEI)
and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SOS), in order to introduce a hydrophobic surface
on the silica particles. The properties of adsorbed layers have been explored using
spectrophotometry and the factors affecting PEI adsorption on silica particles, such
as material liquor ratios (MLR), PEI concentration, pH in the range of 3-12 and
electrolyte concentration of 0-0.100 M NaCl. The PEI adsorption on silica particles
at various pHs indicated that the adsorbed amount of PEI increased with pH. The
influence of NaCl on PEI adsorption revealed that increasing NaCl concentration
decreased the absorbed amount of PEI. The adsorption of SDS on PEI-modified
silica particles was then investigated using nephelometry. The influence of NaCl
and pH on SDS adsorption on the PEI-modified silica particles was also studied.
The increasing NaCl concentration decreased the adsorbed amount of SDS. The
SDS adsorption at various pH indicated that the adsorbed amount of SOS increased
with the decrease in pH. In addition, the surface charge of the PEI-modified and
PEI/SDS-modified silica particles were investigated via zeta potential measurements.
The Langmuir adsorption isotherm of the soybean oil on the PEI-modified silica
particles with corresponding was determined. The oil sorption amount on the
PEI-modified and PEI-SDS-modified silica particles were increased in comparison
to the unmodified silica surface with the highest adsorbed amounts of soybean
oil of a 2 g(oil)/g(silica). The size and morphology of the resulting particles were
examined by polarizing microscope and stereo microscope. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V.
All rights reserved.
Key Words: SURFACES; PH; POLY(ETHYLENEIMINE); POLYETHYLENIMINE
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
Volume: 369 Issue: 1-3 Pages: 186-190 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.08.025 Published: OCT 20
2010.
346
Polymer-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of Bi(2)S(3)
nanostructured flowers
Pilapong Chalermchai1, Thongtem Titipun1 and Thongtem Somchai2
1
Thailand.
2
Abstract
Nanostructured Bi(2)S(3) was hydrothermally produced from Bi(2)O(3) and
thiocarbohydrazide in acidic solutions containing PVA, PEG and PVP. By using
XRD. SAED and Raman spectrometry, the products were orthorhombic Bi(2)S(3),
with four vibration modes at 139.6, 253.7, 310 and 968.9 cm(-1). The phase was
also in accordance with the diffraction patterns obtained by simulation. SEM, TEM
and HRTEM show that the products are clusters of nanorods produced in polymerfree solution, and nanostructured flowers of nanospears, nanorods and nanoplates
in the respective PVA-, PEG- and PVP-added solutions, with their growths in the
same direction of [0 0 1]. A formation mechanism was also proposed according
to their phase and morphologies. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Key Words: FACILE SYNTHESIS; NANORODS; MORPHOLOGIES
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS Volume: 71 Issue: 4. Special
Issue: SI Pages: 712-715. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpcs.2009.12.073. Published: APR 2010.
347
Prevalence of Haplorchis taichui in Field-Collected Snails:
A Molecular Approach
Chontananarth Thapana and Wongsawad Chalobol
Abstract
The prevalence of the cercarial stage of an intestinal trematode, Haplorchis
taichui, in thiarid snails (Gastropoda: Thiaridae) was investigated using light microscope and species-specific PCR procedures. A total of 988 snails were collected
from Mae Taeng district, Chiang Mai province, northern Thailand, which comprised
of 3 species; Melanoides tuberculata, Tarebia granifera, and Thiara scabra. The
overall prevalence of pleurolophocercous cercariae was 21.7% as determined by
the morphology. For genetic detection of H. taichui infection in snails, 2 primers
Hapt_F (5’ -GGCCAACGCAATCGTCATCC-3’) and Hapt_R (5’ -GCGTCGGGTTTCAGACATGG-3’), were used. The genomic DNA of H. taichui, which was used as a positive
control, gave an amplification of the 256 bp fragment. The overall prevalence of
H. taichui from specific PCR was 9.7%. The proportion of H. taichui among the
pleurolophocercous cercariae in this study was 44.9%.
Key Words: OPISTHORCHIS-VIVERRINI; CHIANG-MAI; THAILAND; FISH; IDENTIFICATION; HETEROPHYIDAE; MORPHOLOGY; TREMATODES; INFECTION;
CERCARIAE
KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY. Volume: 48 Issue: 4 Pages: 343-346. DOI:
10.3347/kjp.2010.48.4.343 Published: DEC 2010.
348
Processing and properties of nanoporous
hydroxyapatite ceramics
Raksujarit A.2, Pengpat K.1, Rujijanagul G.1 and Tunkasiri T.1
1
Department of Science, Faculty of Science & Technology, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University,
2
Abstract
Method for fabrication and properties of nanoporous hydroxyapatite (HA)
ceramic were described in the present work. The nanoporous hydroxyapatite was
derived from nano hydroxyapatite powder and polyvinyl alcohol (as a pore former).
The HA nanopowder was obtained from vibro-milling for 4 h. The nanoporous
ceramics were sintered at 1200 degrees C. Properties of the nanoporous ceramics
were investigated using various methods. Average porosity of the final product was
found to be 64.6 +/- 1.4%. Open and interconnected pores were obtained with an
average pore size less than 100 nm, confirming the nanoporous structure of this
ceramic. A high bending strength of 14.7 +/- 3.2 MPa for the nanoporous ceramic,
shows significant promise as a potential bone repairing material. (C) 2009 Elsevier
Key Words: SCAFFOLD; APATITE; COMPOSITES; BONE
MATERIALS & DESIGN. Volume: 31 Issue: 4 Pages: 1658-1660. DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2009.06.050. Published: APR 2010.
349
Production of Monoclonal Antibody to Acaricide Dicofol
and Its Derivatives
Hongsibsong Surat4, Prapamontol Tippawan5, Suphavilai Chaisuree3, Wipasa Jiraprapa3,
Pattarawarapan Mookda2 and Kasinrerk Watchara1
1
Faculty of Associated Medical Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Thailand.
3
Research Institute for Health Science (RIHES), Center Molecular & Cell Biology Infectious
Diseases, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
4
Gradute School, Health Science Institute Program, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand.
5
Research Institute for Health Science (RIHES), Center for Pollution & Environmental Health
Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
2
Abstract
In Thailand detection of acaricide dicofol residues has been sporadically
performed due to the limitation of analytical techniques. Conventional analytical
methods for detecting dicofol residues most often use chromatographic-based techniques. Our ultimate aim is to develop an alternative method for rapidly analyzing
dicofol residues in vegetables and fruit samples. Here we report the production of
monoclonal antibodies specific to dicofol and its derivatives. Hapten-protein carriers were prepared by linking succinic anhydride to dichlorobenzhydrol (DCBH),
which was then conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and oval albumin
(OVA). DCBH-BSA conjugate was used as immunogen while DCBH-OVA conjugate
was used as capture antigen for competitive inhibition assay. Female BALB/c mice
were immunized with DCBH-BSA conjugate subcutaneously, and antibody (Ab) level
was determined 2 weeks after the last immunization. Spleen cells producing high
titer antibody were isolated and fused with myeloma cells of P3.X6.Ag8.653. After
limiting dilutions, antibody produced by one clone had high affinity, which was
found to be of IgG1 with kappa light chain. Specificity and inhibition concentrations of the monoclonal antibody (MAb) were determined by competitive indirect
ELISA with dicofol, and its 50% (IC(50)) was 0.28 mu g/mL. Working ranges of
the developed immunoassay were from 0.07 to 25 mu g/mL. Hence, the prepared
MAb will be able to be applied for immunoassay development for detecting dicifol
residue in vegetables and fruits far below the maximum residue limit such that
5 g of fruits and berries can be detected below 0.1 mg/kg.
Key Words: HAPTEN SYNTHESIS; IMMUNOASSAY; DDT; PESTICIDES; INSECTICIDES; RESIDUES
HYBRIDOMA. Volume: 29 Issue: 6 Pages: 495-500. DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2010.0051. Published:
DEC 2010.
350
Quantitative analysis of a complex metal carbide formed
during furnace cooling of cast duplex stainless steel
using EELS and EDS in the TEM
Kuimalee Surasak2, Chairuangsri Torranin1, Pearce John T. H.3,
Edmonds David V.4, Brown Andrew P.4 and Brydson Rik M. D.4
1
50200, Thailand.
2
3
National Metals & Materials Technology Center, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand.
4
Institute for Materials Research, School Process Environmental & Materials Engineering,
University Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England.
Abstract
In this work, a method to determine the atomic ratio of Mo and C within
complex metal carbides using EELS in the TEM has been developed. The method
is based on the determination of k-factors for given experimental conditions from
the EEL spectra of Mo(2)C and MoO(3) standards, which had been independently
checked by XRD and EPMA. Factors affecting the k(Mo/C) value of the Mo(2)
C standard were also investigated and the value was shown to be insensitive to
background subtraction window width but sensitive to prolonged irradiation and
specimen thicknesses above a critical value. The method and k-factor obtained
from the Mo(2)C standard was applied to spectra from a complex metal carbide
precipitate formed during furnace cooling of a cast duplex stainless steel. Using
EELS and EDS in the TEM, the composition was estimated to be (Cr(1.52)Fe(2.33)
Mo(1.25)Ni(0.17)Si(0.46))C, which is close to M(6)C stoichiometry, and the structure
was confirmed by electron diffraction. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Key words: Duplex stainless steel; Microstructure; Carbide; Quantitative analysis; Transmission electron microscopy (TEM); Electron energy loss spectroscopy
(EELS)
MICRON. Volume: 41 Issue: 5 Pages: 423-429. DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2010.02.009
Published: JUL 2010.
351
Randomized controlled trial of live lactobacillus
acidophilus plus bifidobacterium bifidum in prophylaxis
of diarrhea during radiotherapy in cervical cancer patients
Chitapanarux Imjai1, Chitapanarux Taned2, Traisathit Patrinee3,
Kudumpee Sudkaneung1, Tharavichitkul Ekkasit1 and Lorvidhaya Vicharn1
1
Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand.
2
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand.
3
Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand.
Abstract
Background: Radiation-induced diarrhea is frequently observed during pelvic
radiotherapy. This study was performed to determine the ability of a probiotic
containing live lactobacillus acidophilus plus bifidobacterium bifidum to reduce the
incidence of radiation-induced diarrhea in locally advanced cervical cancer patients.
Methods: Patients who were undergoing pelvic radiotherapy concurrent with weekly
cisplatin were randomly assigned to a study drug or placebo, in a double-blind
study. Diarrhea was graded weekly according the Common Toxicity Criteria (CTC)
system. Stool consistency and white and red blood cell count in stool were also
assessed. The primary endpoint was to reduce the incidence of diarrhea, defined
by a CTC grade 2 or more, and the need for anti-diarrheal medication. Results:
A total of 63 patients were enrolled. Grade 2-3 diarrhea was observed in 45% of
the placebo group (n = 31) and 9% of the study drug group (n = 32) (p = 0.002).
Anti-diarrheal medication use was significantly reduced in the placebo group (p
= 0.03). The patients in the study drug group had a significantly improved stool
consistency (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Live lactobacillus acidophilus plus bifidobacterium bifidum reduced the incidence of radiation-induced diarrhea and the need
for anti-diarrheal medication and had a significant benefits on stool consistency.
Key Words: ANTIBIOTIC-ASSOCIATED DIARRHEA; FERMENTED MILK; PELVIC
RADIOTHERAPY; RADIATION ENTERITIS; DOUBLE-BLIND; PREVENTION; MANAGEMENT; SYMPTOMS; CULTURES; CHILDREN
RADIATION ONCOLOGY. Volume: 5 Article Number: 31 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717X-5-31.
352
Remarks on Asymptotic Centers and Fixed Points
Kaewkhao A.1 and Sokhuma K.2
1
Thailand.
2
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chon Buri 20131,
Thailand.
Abstract
We introduce a class of nonlinear continuous mappings defined on a bounded
closed convex subset of a Banach space X. We characterize the Banach spaces in
which every asymptotic center of each bounded sequence in any weakly compact
convex subset is compact as those spaces having the weak fixed point property for
this type of mappings.
Key Words: NONEXPANSIVE-MAPPINGS; PROPERTY
ABSTRACT AND APPLIED ANALYSIS. Article Number: 247402 DOI: 10.1155/2010/247402
Published: 2010.
353
Reverse flow injection spectrophotometric for determination
of aluminium (III)
Norfun Poachanee1,2, Pojanakaroon Teraboon1,2 and Liawraungrath Saisunee1
1
Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of
2
Institute of Science & Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Abstract
A reverse flow injection analysis (rFIA) spectrophotometric method has been
developed for the determination of aluminium(III). The method was based on the
reaction of Al(III), quercetin and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), yielding
a yellow colored complex in an acetate buffer medium (pH 5.5) with absorption
maximum at 428 nm. The rFIA parameters that influence the FIA peak height
have been optimized in order to obtain the best sensitivity and minimum reagent
consumption. A linear relationship between the relative peak height and Al(III)
concentrations were obtained over the concentration range of 0.02-0.50 mg L(-1)
with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998. The limit of detection (LOD, defined as
3 sigma) and limit of quantification (LOQ defined as 10 sigma) were 0.007 and
0.024 mg L(-1), respectively. The repeatability was 1.10% (n = 11) for 0.2 mg
L(-1) Al(III). The proposed method was applied to the determination of Al(III)
in tap water samples with a sampling rate of 60 h(-1). Results obtained were in
good agreement with those obtained by the official ICP-MS method at the 95%
confidence level. (C) 2010 Elsevier By. All rights reserved.
Key words: Reverse flow injection; Aluminium; Quercetin; Tap waters
TALANTA. Volume: 82 Issue: 1 Pages: 202-207. DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.04.019.
Published: JUN 30 2010.
354
SCHUADER’S CONJECTURE ON CONVEX METRIC SPACES
Butsan T., Dhompongsa S. and Fupinwong W.
Thailand.
Abstract
We first prove that the Schauder’s conjecture holds for convex metric spaces,
thus compact convex subsets of a CAT(0) space have the fixed point property for
continuous mappings. We then obtain a continuous selection of a lower semicontinuous mapping with compact convex values defined on a compact convex
subset of a convex metric space. Consequently, the Kakutani fixed point theorem
is extended to a convex metric space.
Key Words: FIXED-POINT PROPERTY; SCHAUDERS CONJECTURE; COMPACT;
SETS
JOURNAL OF NONLINEAR AND CONVEX ANALYSIS. Volume: 11 Issue: 3. Special Issue:
SI Pages: 527-535. Published: 2010.
355
Selection of Starter Cultures for the Production
of Vegetarian Kapi, a Thai Fermented Condiment
Wittanalai Suttida1, Chandet Nopakarn2 and Rakariyatham Nuansri2
1
Division Biotechnology, Graduate of School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand.
2
Thailand.
Abstract
Kapi is a traditional fermented shrimp paste that serves as a flavoring in
various Thai foods. 7 kapi samples from local markets in Chiang Mai, Trad, Rayong,
Chon Buri and Nakhon Sawan, Thailand, were used as a source for the isolation
of their bacterial strains. The total viable count of the 7 samples was in the range
of 8.48 - 9.30 log cfu/g. A total of 23 isolates were obtained, 10 of which had the
ability to produce both proteolytic and amylase activity and these were selected to
produce vegetarian kapi using mung bean protein as a substrate. Among the 10
strains, isolate RY1 which was identified as Bacillus subtilis by 16s rDNA analysis,
was selected to be the starter culture due to its ability to produce the highest
total quantities of nitrogen (110.07 +/- 2.76 g/kg), free amino acids (7.92 +/- 1.34
mg/g) as well for its low ammoniacal nitrogen content (5.63 +/- 0.20 g/kg). The
quality of the vegetarian kapi produced by isolate B. subtilis RY1 was compared
to that of the commercial vegetarian kapi samples. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in moisture, protein, pH, free amino acid and ammoniacal nitrogen
between the vegetarian kapi produced from B. subtilis RY1 and the commercial
vegetarian kapi. In addition, organoleptic evaluation scores showed no significant
differences between laboratory vegetarian kapi and commercial vegetarian kapi.
With the use of the starter culture B. subtilis RY1, the vegetarian kapi could be
produced in a shorter period compared with the commercial vegetarian kapi.
Key Words: LACTIC-ACID BACTERIA; SHRIMP PASTE; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; TEMPEH FERMENTATION; SP-NOV.; PROFILE; GROWTH; NATTO; SOUP; FISH
CHIANG MAI JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. Volume: 37. Issue: 2. Pages: 314-325. Published:
MAY 2010.
356
Self-Reduction of Gold on Activated Carbon Cloth
Saipanya Surin and Sarakonsri Thapanee
Thailand.
Abstract
Activated carbon cloths (ACCs) were used as a support for preparation of
Au nanoparticles. Pretreatment of ACCs was performed by using oxidizing agent
HNO(3) in order introduce surface oxygen complex. Au nanoparticles were prepared
by impregnation of tetrachloroauric acid (HAuCl(4)) without reducing agents in
deinoized water and ethanol. It was found that the preparation in ethanol solution achieved uniformly dispersed Au nanoparticles with diameter 10-100 nm on
the support surfaces. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to verify structural
characteristics of Au metal adsorption on oxidized ACC surfaces. Morphology and
composition were carried out by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy
dispersice spectroscopy (EDS), respectively.
Key Words: CATALYSTS
CHIANG MAI JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. Volume: 37 Issue: 1 Pages: 99-105. Published:
JAN 2010.
357
Sensor response formula for sensor based
on ZnO nanostructures
Hongsith Niyom1,2, Wongrat Ekasiddh1,2, Kerdcharoen Teerakiat3
1
2
Thailand.
3
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a new and general formula to describe ethanol
adsorption mechanism underlying the response enhancement of ZnO nanostructure
sensors. The derivation of sensor response formula based on basic chemical reaction
at the sensor Surface is presented. The formula can be used to explain response
enhancement due to effect of metal doping, surface-to-volume ratio, and surface
depletion layer. Thus, it can be regarded as a general formula to describe the sensor response characteristics of ZnO sensors. This general formula is a powerful
tool for designing ZnO sensor at my desired sensor response. Furthermore, it is
reasonable to expand this formula to explain other sensing materials and also to
explain for different active gases. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Key Words: ETHANOL SENSING CHARACTERISTICS; GAS SENSORS; GROWN
ZNO; NANORODS; NANOPARTICLES; FABRICATION; NANOBELTS; FILMS
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL. Volume: 144 Issue: 1 Pages: 67-72. DOI:
10.1016/j.snb.2009.10.037. Published: JAN 29 2010.
358
Sequential injection analysis with lab-at-valve (SI-LAV)
for the determination of solasodine in Solanum species
Thongchai Wisanu1, Liawruangrath Boonsom1,4 and Liawruangrath Saisunee2,3,4
1
2
Thailand.
3
50200, Thailand.
4
Institute of Science & Technology Research & Development, Applied Chemistry & Environment
Research Unit, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Abstract
The development of sequential injection analysis with lab-at-valve (LAV) semiautomated system online liquid-liquid extraction is demonstrated for spectrophotometric determination of solasodine in various Solanum species fruits. The main
proposed is semi-automated extractive determination of solasodine using methyl
orange as colorimetric reagent. After optimization of the system, sample, reagent
and organic solvent were sequentially aspirated into an extraction coil connected
to the center of a selection valve, where extraction took place by flow reversal. The
aqueous and organic phases were separated in a lab-at-valve unit attracted to one
of the ports of the selection valve. The absorption of ion-pair solasodine-methyl
orange complex in the organic phase was measured spectrophotometrically at 420
nm. The method performances, including reproducibility, linearity, sensitivity and
accuracy, were also evaluated. The proposed method is simple, reproducible and
accurate. It was successfully applied to the determination of solasodine in Solanum
aculeatissimum Jacq.. Solarium violaceum Ortega., Solanum melongena Linn. and
Solanum indicum Linn, fruits in Solanaceae family. Results obtained were in good
agreement with those obtained by batch wise spectrophotometric method. It is also
suitable and useful for determination of solasodine in other medicinal plants. (C)
Key Words: THIN-LAYER-CHROMATOGRAPHY; NONAQUEOUS CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; STEROIDAL ALKALOIDS; FLOW-INJECTION; SOLVENT-EXTRACTION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY;
ON-VALVE; GLYCOALKALOIDS; SEPARATION
TALANTA Volume: 81 Issue: 1-2 Pages: 565-571. DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.12.044
Published: APR 15 2010.
359
Sequential Injection-Cation Exchange Micro-column System
for Hemoglobin Typing to Differentiate HbE Carriers
Hartwell Supaporn Kradtap1,2, Sripaoraya Worathip1,2,
Lapanantnoppakhun Somchai1,2, Sanguansermsri Torpong3 and Grudpan Kate1,2
1
Thailand.
2
50200, Thailand.
3
Thailand.
Abstract
A weak cation exchange micro-column was incorporated into a sequential
injection (SI) system to perform automatic hemoglobin (Mb) typing as an alternative way to measure HbE. Separation of HbF, HbA and HbA(2)/HbE was performed
using phosphate buffer solutions in the pH range of 6 - 7 to create pH gradient
mobile phase. The resultant chromatogram showed relative amounts of HbE to
other types of hemoglobins in more quantitative detail than the conventional
techniques such as dichlorophenol indophenol precipitation and micro-column
anion exchange. The system is more economical than a commercially available
ion-exchange HPLC analyzer for hemoglobin testing, though analysis time per run
is longer due to the aspiration operation of the syringe pump of the SI system. It
has been demonstrated that the system can differentiate negative (normal) from
positive (HbE carriers) subjects.
Key Words: THALASSEMIA; HPLC; VARIANTS
ANALYTICAL SCIENCES. Volume: 26 Issue: 3 Pages: 361-365. Published: MAR 2010.
360
Sequential Injection-Immunoassay System with a Plain
Glass Capillary Reactor for the Assay of Hyaluronan
Hartwell Supaporn Kradtap1, Boonmalai Apichart1,
Kongtawelert Prachya2 and Grudpan Kate1
1
Thailand.
2
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Thailand Excellence Center for Tissue Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Abstract
A sequential injection capillary immunoassay system (SI-CI) was developed
to automate the multi-step competitive bioassay procedures for hyaluronan (HA), a
potential biomarker for liver and cancer diseases. Biotinylated HA-binding proteins
(b-HABPs), anti-biotin conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (anti-b-HRP) and
substrate 3,3’,5,5’ tetramethylbenzidene (TMB) were employed. An ordinary glass
capillary was utilized as a bio-reactor where competitive assay took place. Standard
HA was immobilized onto an unmodified glass capillary through simple physical
adsorption. This glass capillary is much lower cost compared to a fused-silica
capillary, and is well suited for use as part of the tubing of a flow system. Using
the proposed system, the average amount of HA in human serums from patients
with liver disease and healthy subjects could be differentiated with comparable
efficiency as the conventional micro-plate assay (as compared by t-test), with an
improved assay time per sample (20 min vs. 5 h), and with approximately 10 times
less reagent consumption (10 - 80 mu l vs. 100 - 350 mu l).
Key Words: LAB-ON-VALVE; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; CHEMILUMINESCENT IMMUNOSENSOR; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; IMPRINTED POLYMER; FLOW
IMMUNOASSAY; SERUM; ACID; MEMBRANE; ANTIBODY
ANALYTICAL SCIENCES. Volume: 26 Issue: 1 Pages: 69-74 Published: JAN 2010.
361
Short Communication: Hematological Safety of Perinatal
Exposure to Zidovudine in Uninfected Infants Born
to HIV Type 1-Infected Women in Thailand
Briand Nelly1,2, Le Coeur Sophie2,3,4, Jourdain Gonzague2,3,5,
Hotrawarikarn Somboon2,6, Sirinontakan Surat2,7, Hinjiranandana Temsiri2,8,
Kanjanavanit Suparat2,9, Traisathit Patrinee10,2, McIntosh Kenneth11,5
and Lallemant Marc2,3,5
1
INED, Paris, France.
IRD, UMI 174, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
3
Faculty of Associated Medical Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand.
4
UMR Paris Descartes IRD INED, CEPED, Paris, France.
5
Harvard University, School of Public Health, Department of Immunology & Infectious Diseases,
Boston, MA 02115 USA.
6
Klaeng Hospital, Rayong, Thailand.
7
Health Promotion Hospital Regional Center I, Bangkok, Thailand.
8
Somdej Pranangchao Sirikit Hospital, Chon Buri, Thailand.
9
Nakornping Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
10
Department of Satatistics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50000,
Thailand.
11
Harvard University, School of Medical, Department of Pediatrics, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
2
Abstract
The evolution of hematological parameters in HIV-1-exposed uninfected infants
according to various durations of perinatal zidovudine exposure was studied. We
used data prospectively collected among 1122 HIV-uninfected formula-fed infants
born to HIV-infected mothers who participated in a clinical trial to prevent perinatal
transmission in Thailand (PHPT-1). Infants were exposed to different durations of
zidovudine both in utero and after birth. Hemoglobin level and leukocyte, absolute
neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts were measured at birth and at 6 weeks of age.
The association between hematological parameters at birth and the duration of
zidovudine exposure in utero was studied using a linear regression model, and
362
changes between birth and 6 weeks of age and the duration of postnatal zidovudine
exposure using mixed effects models. At birth, the hemoglobin level was lower
in newborns exposed to zidovudine for more than 7.5 weeks in utero (adjusted
regression coefficient: -0.6 g/dl; 95% confidence interval: -1.1 to -0.1). Six weeks
after birth, the hemoglobin level had decreased faster in infants administered
zidovudine for more than 4 weeks (adjusted regression coefficient: -0.1 g/dl; 95%
confidence interval: -0.2 to -0.1). The duration of perinatal zidovudine exposure
was not associated with the evolution of leukocyte, neutrophil, and lymphocyte
counts. Despite the differences in hemoglobin levels, grade 3 or 4 anemia did not
significantly differ by maternal or infant zidovudine duration. The clinical impact
appeared modest, but longer exposure may warrant close monitoring
Key Words: IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION;
TRIAL
AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES. Volume: 26 Issue: 10 Pages: 1163-1166.
DOI: 10.1089/aid.2010.0034. Published: OCT 2010.
363
Simulating Pesticide Transport from a Sloped Tropical Soil
to an Adjacent Stream
Kahl G.1, Ingwersen J.1, Totrakool S.2, Pansombat K.3,
Thavornyutikarn P.4 and Streck T.1
1
Institute of Soil Science & Land Evaluation, Biogeophysics Section, University of Hohenheim,
D-70593 Stuttgart, Germany.
2
EHWM CU, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
3
Faculty of Agricuture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
4
Abstract
Preferential flow from stream banks is an important component of pesticide
transport in the mountainous areas of northern Thailand. Models can help evaluate
and interpret field data and help identify the most important transport processes.
We developed a simile model to simulate the loss of pesticides from a sloped litchi
(Litchi chinensis Sonn.) orchard to an adjacent stream. The water regime was
modeled with a two-domain reservoir model, which accounts for rapid preferential
flow simultaneously with slow flow processes in the sod matrix. Preferential flow is
triggered when the topsoil matrix is saturated or the infiltration capacity exceeded.
In addition, close to matrix saturation, rainfall events induce water release to the
fractures and lead to desorption of pesticides from fracture walls and outflow to
the stream. Pesticides undergo first order degradation and equilibrium sorption
to soil matrix and fracture walls. The model was able to reproduce the dynamics
of the discharge reasonably well (model efficiency [EF] = 0.56). The cumulative
pesticide mass (EF = 0.91) and the pesticide concentration in the stream were
slightly underestimated, but the deviation from measurement data is acceptable.
Shape and timing of the simulated concentration peaks occurred in the same pattern as observed data. While the effect of surface runoff and preferential interflow
on pesticide mass transport could not be absolutely clarified, according to Our
simulations, most concentration peaks in the stream are caused by preferential
interflow pointing to the important role of this flow path in the hilly areas of
northern Thailand.
Key Words: ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT MODEL; PLAIN RIPARIAN SYSTEM;
OPEN-FRACTURED SOIL; WATER-FLOW; PREFERENTIAL FLOW; NORTHERN
THAILAND; CONCEPTUAL EXAMINATION; RAINFALL VARIABILITY; SOLUTE
TRANSPORT; MACROPORE FLOW
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY. Volume: 39 Issue: 1 Pages: 353-364. DOI:
10.2134/jeq2008.0460. Published: JAN-FEB 2010.
364
Sorption Characteristics of Indigo Carmine as
a Blue Colorant for Use in One-bath Natural Dyeing
Komboonchoo Sunsanee1,2 and Bechtold Thomas1
1
Research Institute of Textile Chemistry Physics, Innsbruck University, A-6850 Dornbirn,
Austria.
2
50200, Thailand.
Abstract
Indigo carmine can be used as model for a blue natural colorant for wool
and hair dyeing in a one-bath procedure. The sorption and dyeing properties of
indigo carmine on wool are studied as a prerequisite for the successful application
in combination with natural dye. To evaluate the suitable conditions for the dyeing process, different pH, dye concentrations and temperatures were studied. The
dyeing and sorption characteristics on wool were determined on the basis of spectrophotometry and color measurement. Both high dye sorption and color strength
were obtained when dyeing at elevated temperature, e.g. 80 degrees C, and lower
pH, e. g. pH 3. However, there is significant potential to apply the dyestuff also at
temperatures in the range of 40-60 degrees C and pH values of 4-5. Depending on
the dyebath pH the sorption isotherms follow the Langmuir- or Freundlich-type
isotherm. At pH 3 and 4 Langmuir isotherms are observed, while at pH 5, 6 and
7 sorption on wool follows the Freundlich isotherm behavior. From the dyeing
isotherms the standard affinity (Delta mu) of the dyeing step was determined. At
pH 3 the heat of dyeing (Delta H) and entropy of dyeing (Delta S) were calculated
as 40.22 kJ mol(-1) and 0.19 kJ mol(-1) K(-1), respectively.
Key Words: DE-OILED SOYA; WASTE-WATER; HAZARDOUS DYE; BOTTOM ASH;
MALACHITE GREEN; ACID DYES; ADSORPTION; REMOVAL; RECOVERY; THERMODYNAMICS
TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL. Volume: 80 Issue: 8 Pages: 734-743. DOI: 10.1177/
0040517509342319 Published: MAY 2010.
365
Spatial and temporal variations of ambient
PM(10)-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
in Chiang Mai and Lamphun Provinces, Thailand
Chantara Somporn1,2, Wangkarn Sunanta1, Sangchan Walaya1
and Rayanakorn Mongkon1
1
Thailand.
2
Environmental Science Program, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai
50200, Thailand.
Abstract
Respirable airborne particulate matters (PM(10)) were collected using high
volume air samplers for 24 h every three days from four sampling stations in Chiang
Mai and Lamphun Provinces, Thailand The maximum PM(10) concentration for
each sampling station ranged from 140 to 182 mu g/m(3) PM(10)-bound polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were extracted from quartz fiber filters and analysed
by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Mean concentration of total
PAHs was in a range from 1 7 to 12.2 ng/m(3). Ratio of non-carcinogenic and
carcinogenic PAHs found was approximately 1:3 or 1:4 depending on sampling sites.
Concentrations of most of carcinogenic PAHs were found to be positively correlated
to PM(10) concentrations. Seasonal variation of PM(10)-bound PAHs was obviously
seen in all sites. The highest concentration was found in dry season (December
March). Spatial variation was observed in one sampling site, where PAHs content
was significantly higher than other sites. Apart from traffic congestion, this was
probably due to specific local activities i.e. biomass burning.
Key words: Air pollution; Biomass burning; GC-MS; PAHs; PM(10)
DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT Volume: 19 Issue: 1-3 Pages: 17-25. DOI:
10.5004/dwt.2010.1891. Published: JUL 2010.
366
Spatial and Temporal Variations of Physical-Chemical
Water Quality and some Heavy Metals in Water, Sediments
and Fish of the Mae Kuang River, Northern Thailand
Chitmanat Chanagun1,2 and Traichaiyaporn Siripen3
1
NCE EHWM, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Faculty of Fisheries Technology & Aquatic Resources, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
3
4
The International Postgraduate Program in Environmental Management, Graduate School,
Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
2
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate heavy metal (Cd, Pb & Zn)
contaminants in water, sediments and fish of the Mae Kuang River, Northern
Thailand during July, 2008-June, 2009 It was found that the worst water qualities
in dry seasons were caused by low water flow, municipal effluents and industrial
discharges The surface water in the river was classified into class 3-4 referring to
medium-fairly clean water used for consumption after special water treatment Pb
and Cd in water were below detection limits, while Zn concentrations in water
ranged 0 01-0 11 mg L (1) The Pb, Cd and Zn concentrations in sediment were
3 13-27 56, <0 02-0 43 and 3 42-10 32 mg kg (1), respectively No Cd and Pb
residues were found in Henicorhynchus siamensis and Puntioplites proctozysion
flesh, while the concentrations of Zn in these fish were 4 57-6 58 mg kg (1) On
the other hand, Pb and Cd residues in snakehead fish (Channa striata) were <005-2
13 and <0 02-0 24 mg kg (1) wet weight, while the concentrations of Zn in these
fish were 3 37-12 19 mg kg (1) This information provides a useful reference in
heavy metal contamination in the Mae Kuang River for river management (C)
2010 Friends Science Publishers
Key Words: ENGLAND; ESTUARY; TISSUES
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND BIOLOGY. Volume: 12. Issue: 6.
Pages: 816-820. Published: NOV 2010.
367
Spray Forming of Bulk Ultrafine-Grained Al-Fe-Cr-Ti
Banjongprasert C.1,2, Hogg S. C.3, Liotti E.3, Kirk C. A.4, Thompson S. P.5,
Mi J.2 and Grant P. S.2
1
Department of Materials, University Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, England.
3
Department of Materials, University Loughborough, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England.
4
Department of Chemistry, University Loughborough, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leics, England.
5
Diamond Light Source, Didcot OX11 0DE, Oxon, England.
2
Abstract
An Al-2.7Fe-1.9Cr-1.8Ti alloy has been spray formed in bulk and the microstructure and properties compared with those of similar alloys produced by casting, powder aomization (PA), and mechanical alloying (MA) routes. In PA and MA
routes, a nanoscale metastable icosahedral phase is usually formed and is known
to confer high tensile strength. Unlike previous studies of the spray forming of
similar Al-based metastable phase containing alloys that were restricted to small
billets with high porosity, standard spray forming conditions were used here to
produce a similar to 98 pct dense 19-kg billet that was hot isostatically pressed
(“HIPed”), forged, and/or extruded. The microstructure has been investigated at all
stages of processing using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) at the Diamond
Light Source. Consistent with the relatively low cooling rate in spray forming
under standard conditions, the microstructure showed no compelling evidence
for the formation of metastable icosahedral phases. Nonetheless, after downstream
processing, the spray-formed mechanical properties as a function of temperature
were very similar to both PA rapid solidification (RS) materials and those made by
MA. These aspects have been rationalized in terms of the typical phases, defects,
and residual strains produced in each process route.
Key Words: AMORPHOUS PHASE-FORMATION; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES;
THERMAL-STABILITY; HYBRID COMPOSITES; ALLOYS
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND
MATERIALS SCIENCE. Volume: 41A Issue: 12 Pages: 3208-3215. DOI: 10.1007/s11661-0100386-0. Published: DEC 2010.
368
Stemphol Galactoside, a New Stemphol Derivative Isolated
from the Tropical Endophytic Fungus Gaeumannomyces amomi
Jumpathong Juangjun1, Abdalla Muna Ali2,
Lumyong Saisamorn1 and Laatsch Hartmut2
1
Institute for Organic & Biomology Chemistry, University of Gottingen, D-37077 Gottingen,
Germany.
2
Abstract
A new stemphol derivative, stemphol 1-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside (1b),
together with three known metabolites, stemphol (1a), indole-3-carboxylic acid,
and kojic acid, has been isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of cultures of
Gaeumannomyces amomi BCC4066, an endophytic fungus found on healthy
parts of ginger (Alpinia malaccensis; Thai name Kha-pa). The structure of 1b was
established via spectroscopic methods, including 2D NMR measurements and GC/
MS experiments.
Key Words: NATURAL-PRODUCTS
NATURAL PRODUCT COMMUNICATIONS. Volume: 5 Issue: 4 Pages: 567-570. Published:
APR 2010.
369
Stress-dependent dielectric and ferroelectric properties
of sol-gel-derived PZT/WO(3) ceramics
Sreesattabud Tharathip1, Unruan Muangjai1, Watcharapasorn Anucha1,
Jiansirisomboon Sukanda1 and Yimnirun Rattikorn2
1
2
30000, Thailand.
Abstract
In this study, PZT/xWO(3) (where x = 0,0.5,1 and 3wt.%) ceramics were
prepared from powders derived from a triol sol-gel process. The powders were
pressed and sintered at 1100 degrees C for 6 h. Phase characterization by XRD
indicated that the concentration of WO(3) affected the content of tetragonal and
rhombohedral phases. The ferroelectric and dielectric properties of the ceramics were
determined under compressive stress in the range of 0-130MPa. The ferroelectric
properties were reduced with increasing stress. Stress-induced domain wall motion
suppression and non-180 degrees ferroelectric domain switching processes were
responsible for the changes observed for ferroelectric parameters. In addition, the
dielectric constant was found to increase with stress, which could be explained by
a change in domain structures and the de-aging phenomenon.
Key Words: ZIRCONATE-TITANATE CERAMICS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; PZT
NANOCOMPOSITES; MICROSTRUCTURE; COMPOSITES
PHYSICA SCRIPTA. Volume: T139 Article Number: 014002. DOI: 10.1088/0031-8949/2010/
T139/014002. Published: MAY 2010.
370
Strong convergence of a new iterative scheme
for a finite family of strict pseudo-contractions
Kangtunyakarn Atid and Suantai Suthep
Department of Mathhematics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new iterative scheme for finding
a common fixed point of a finite family of strict pseudo-contractions. The results
obtained in this paper extend and improve the corresponding results of Marino,
Colao, Qin and Kang [G. Marino, V. Colao, X. Qin, S. M. Kang, Strong convergence
of the modified Mann iterative method for strict pseudo-contractions, Comput.
Math. Appl. 57 (2009) 455-465]. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Key words: Iterative scheme; Strict pseudo-contractions; S-mapping; Fixed
points
COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS. Volume: 60 Issue: 3 Pages: 680694. DOI: 10.1016/j.camwa.2010.05.016. Published: AUG 2010.
371
Strong convergence of composite iterative schemes
for a countable family of nonexpansive mappings
in Banach spaces
Klin-eam Chakkrid2 and Suantai Suthep1
1
Thailand.
2
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000,
Thailand.
Abstract
In this paper we propose a new modified viscosity approximation method for
approximating common fixed points for a countable family of nonexpansive mappings in a Banach space. We prove strong convergence theorems for a countable
family nonexpansive mappings in a reflexive Banach space with uniformly Gateaux
differentiable norm under some control conditions. These results improve and
extend the results of Jong Soo Jung [J.S. Jung, Convergence on composite iterative schemes for nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces, Fixed Point Theory
and Appl. 2008 (2008) 14 pp., Article ID 167535]. Further, we apply our result
to the problem of finding a zero of an accretive operator and extend the results
of Kim and Xu [T.H. Kim, H.K. Xu, Strong convergence of modified Mann iterations, Nonlinear Anal. 61 (2005) 51-60], Ceng, et al. [L.-C. Ceng, A.R. Khan, Q.H.
Ansari, J.-C, Yao, Strong convergence of composite iterative schemes for zeros of
m-accretive operators in Banach space, Nonlinear Anal. 70 (2009) 1830-1840] and
Chen and Zhu [R. Chen, Z. Zhu, Viscosity approximation methods for accretive
operator in Banach space, Nonlinear Anal. 69 (2008) 1356-1363]. (C) 2010 Elsevier
Key words: Viscosity approximation; Strong convergence; Countable family nonexpansive mappings; Composite iterative schemes; Fixed points
NONLINEAR ANALYSIS-THEORY METHODS & APPLICATIONS. Volume: 73. Issue: 2.
Pages: 431-439. DOI: 10.1016/j.na.2010.03.034. Published: JUL 15 2010.
372
Strong Convergence Theorem for a New General System
of Variational Inequalities in Banach Spaces
Imnang S.1,2 and Suantai S.1,3
1
Commission on Higher Education, Center of Excellence in Mathematics, Bangkok 10400,
Thailand.
2
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Phatthalung 93110,
Thailand.
3
Thailand.
Abstract
We introduce a new system of general variational inequalities in Banach
spaces. The equivalence between this system of variational inequalities and fixed
point problems concerning the nonexpansive mapping is established. By using this
equivalent formulation, we introduce an iterative scheme for finding a solution of
the system of variational inequalities in Banach spaces. Our main result extends
a recent result acheived by Yao, Noor, Noor, Liou, and Yaqoob.
Key Words: FIXED-POINT PROBLEMS; NONEXPANSIVE-MAPPINGS; EQUILIBRIUM
PROBLEMS; MONOTONE MAPPINGS; ITERATIVE METHOD; HILBERT SPACE;
SEMIGROUPS
FIXED POINT THEORY AND APPLICATIONS. Article Number: 246808. DOI:
10.1155/2010/246808. Published: 2010.
373
STRONG CONVERGENCE THEOREMS BY HYBRID METHODS
FOR FAMILIES OF RELATIVELY NONEXPANSIVE MAPPINGS
IN HILBERT SPACES
Butsan T.2, Dhompongsa S.2 and Takahashi W.1
1
Department of Mathematics & Computer Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo
1528552, Japan.
2
Thailand.
Abstract
In 2008, Takahashi, Takeuchi and Kubota [10] proved a strong convergence
theorem by the hybrid method for a family of nonexpansive mappings which
generalized Nakajo and Takahashi’s theorems [6]. Furthermore, they obtained
another strong convergence theorem for the family of nonexpansive mappings
by a hybrid method which is different from Nakajo and Takahashi. In this paper,
we extend Takahashi. Takeuchi and Kubota’s results for a single relatively nonexpansive mapping or a family of relatively nonexpansive mappings in a Hilbert
space. Using these results, we obtain some new strong convergence theorems in
a Hilbert space.
Key Words: BANACH-SPACES
JOURNAL OF NONLINEAR AND CONVEX ANALYSIS. Volume: 11 Issue: 2. Pages: 215227. Published: 2010.
374
Strong convergence theorems for a general system
of variational inequality problems, mixed equilibrium
problems and fixed points problems with applications
Imnang S.2 and Suantai S.1
1
Thailand.
2
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Phattalung 93110,
Thailand.
Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a new iterative scheme for finding a common
element of the set of solutions of a general system of variational inequalities, the
set of solutions of a mixed equilibrium problem and the set of common fixed
points of a finite family of nonexpansive mappings in a real Hilbert space. Using
the demi-closedness principle for nonexpansive mapping, we prove that the iterative
sequence converges strongly to a common element of the above three sets under
some control conditions. Our main result extends a recent result of Ceng, Wang
and Yao [L.C. Ceng, C.Y. Wang and J.C. Yao, Strong convergence theorems by a
relaxed extragradient method for a general system of variational inequalities, Math.
Meth. Oper. Res. 67 (2008) 375-390]. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Key Words: NONEXPANSIVE-MAPPINGS; MONOTONE MAPPINGS; ITERATIVE
METHOD
MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER MODELLING. Volume: 52. Issue: 9-10 . Pages: 16821696. DOI: 10.1016/j.mcm.2010.06.037. Published: NOV 2010
375
STRONG CONVERGENCE THEOREMS FOR MAXIMAL MONOTONE OPERATORS
AND GENERALIZED NONEXPANSIVE MAPPINGS IN BANACH SPACES
Inthakon W.1, Dhompongsa S.1 and Takahashi W.2,3
1
Thailand.
2
Department of Mathematics & Computer Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro Ku,
Tokyo 1528552, Japan.
3
Department of Applied Mathematics, National Sun Yat Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
Abstract
In this paper, we prove strong convergence theorems by two hybrid methods
for finding a common element of the set of zero points of a maximal monotone
operator and the set of fixed points of a generalized nonexpansive mapping in a
Banach space. Using these results, we obtain new convergence results for resolvents
of maximal monotone operators and for generalized nonexpansive mappings in a
Banach space.
Key Words: PROXIMAL POINT ALGORITHM; HILBERT-SPACES; HYBRID METHODS; FIXED-POINTS; RESOLVENTS
JOURNAL OF NONLINEAR AND CONVEX ANALYSIS Volume: 11 Issue: 1. Pages: 45-63
Published: 2010.
376
Sub-coercive field dynamic hysteresis in morphotropic
phase boundary composition of Pb(Zr(1/2)Ti(1/2))O(3)-Pb(Zn(1/3)
Nb(2/3))O(3) ceramic and its scaling behavior
Wongdamnern N.1, Triamnak N.1, Unruan M.1, Kanchiang K.1,
Ngamjarurojana A.1, Ananta S.1, Laosiritaworn Y.1 and Yimnirun R.2
1
2
Institute of Science, School of Physics, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima
30000, Thailand.
Abstract
Sub-coercive field dynamic ferroelectric hysteresis of a morphotropic phase
boundary composition of the PZT-PZN ceramic was investigated under influence
of the compressive stress. The scaling relation of hysteresis area < A > against
frequency f. field amplitude E(0), and stress sigma took a form of < A - A(sigma=0)>
alpha f(-0.33)E(0)(3.75)sigma(0.32), which is not different significantly to that of
other PZT-PZN compositions with pure tetragonal or rhombohedral structure, as
well as to that of soft and hard PZT bulk ceramics. This study suggested that the
domain structures, not ceramic compositions, played a key role in controlling
dynamic hysteresis behavior of ferroelectric materials. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All
rights reserved.
Key Words: FERROELECTRIC THIN-FILMS; ELECTROMECHANICAL PROPERTIES; UNIAXIAL-STRESS; SOFT PZT; COMPRESSIVE STRESS; ELECTRIC-FIELD;
POLARIZATION; SYSTEMS; MODEL; DEPENDENCE
PHYSICS LETTERS A Volume: 374 Issue: 3 Pages: 391-395. DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.
2009.11.019. Published: JAN 4 2010.
377
Sulfur hexafluoride plasma surface modification
of Gly-Ala and Ala-Gly as Bombyx mori silk model
compounds: Mechanism investigations
Sangprasert W.1, Lee V. S.1, Boonyawan D.2, Tashiro K.3 and Nimmanpipug P.1
1
Thailand.
2
3
Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Future Industry Oriented Basic Science &
Materials, Tempaku Ku, Toyota Technological Institute, Nagoya, Aichi 4688511, Japan.
Abstract
Low-pressure plasma has been used to improve the hydrophobicity of Thai
silk. In this study, Glycine-Alanine (GA) and Alanine-Glycine (AG) were chosen to
represent model compounds of Bombyx mori silk. Single crystals of the simplified
model compounds were characterized by polarizing microscopy and X-ray diffraction.
The space groups of P2(1)2(1)2(1) and P2(1) were found for AG and GA, respectively. The initial structures for calculation were obtained from the experimental
crystal structures. Density functional theory at the BH and HLYP levels was used
to investigate possible mechanisms of fluorine radicals reacting with AG and GA
in the SF(6) plasma treatment. The results indicate that hydrogen atoms of silk
model compounds were most likely to be abstracted from the alanine residue. (c)
Key Words: BOND NETWORK STRUCTURE; L-ALANINE HYDROCHLORIDE;
CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; POLY(M-PHENYLENE ISOPHTHALAMIDE); SF6 PLASMA;
DENSITY; SERIES; HYDROPHOBICITY; ALANYLGLYCINE
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE. Volume: 963 Issue: 2-3 Pages: 130-136. DOI:
10.1016/j.molstruc.2009.10.025. Published: JAN 29 2010.
378
Surface Characterization of PZN Ceramics Prepared
by a Columbite B-Site Precursor
Srisombat La-Ongnuan1, Ngamjarurojana Athipong2,
Yimnirun Rattikorn3 and Ananta Supon2
1
Thailand.
2
3
Institure of Science, School of Physics, Suranaree University Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima
30000, Thailand.
Abstract
Pyrochlore-type PZN ceramics have been obtained from a two-stage process
with columbite B-site precursor. In order to determine the chemical composition of these samples, a combination between X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray
photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques has been performed. XRD analysis
revealed the coexistence of unreacted PbO starting precursor and major phase
of the pyrochlore-type PZN phase as average composition from the bulk volume.
While different binding energies (multicomponents) of each chemical element
e.g. Pb, Zn, Nb and O from the surface of PZN ceramics were identified by XPS,
indicating inhomogeneous surface chemical distribution within these columbiteroute samples.
Key Words: RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; NICKEL NIOBATE POWDERS; FERROELECTRIC CERAMICS; CHEMICAL-STATES; PHASE-FORMATION;
PARTICLE-SIZE; OXYGEN; XPS
FERROELECTRICS. Volume: 405 Pages: 76-81. Article Number: PII 930389692 DOI:
10.1080/00150193.2010.482895. Published: 2010.
379
Synthesis of a Novel Fluorescent Sensor Bearing Dansyl
Fluorophores for the Highly Selective Detection
of Mercury (II) Ions
Wanichacheva Nantanit1, Watpathomsub Supranee1,
Lee Vannajan Sanghiran2,3 and Grudpan Kate2,3
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000,
Thailand.
2
Thailand.
3
50200, Thailand.
Abstract
A new macromolecule possessing two dansyl moieties and based on
2-[4-(2-aminoethylthio)butylthio]ethanamine was prepared as a fluorescent sensor
and its mercury sensing properties toward various transition metal, alkali, and
alkali earth ions were investigated. The designed compound exhibited pronounced
Hg(2+)-selective ON-OFF type fluorescence switching upon binding. The new
compound provided highly selective sensing to Hg(2+) in acetonitrile-water solvent
mixtures with a detection limit of 2.49 x 10(-7) M or 50 ppb. The molecular modeling results indicated that ions-recognition of the sensor originated from a self
assembly process of the reagent and Hg(2+) to form a helical wrapping structure
with the favorable electrostatic interactions of Hg(2+) coordinated with sulfur,
oxygen, nitrogen atoms and aromatic moieties.
Key Words: FLUOROIONOPHORIC BEHAVIORS; CATION-BINDING; CHEMOSENSOR; CROWN; HG2+; 8-HYDROXYQUINOLINE; CHROMOIONOPHORE; CARRIER; CYCLAM; ETHERS
MOLECULES. Volume: 15 Issue: 3 Pages: 1798-1810. DOI: 10.3390/molecules15031798.
380
Synthesis of CdIn(2)Se(4) compound used as thermoelectric
materials via the solution method
Adpakpang Kanyaporn1, Sarakonsri Thapanee1, Isoda Seiji2,
Shinoda Yasuhiro2 and Thanachayanont Chanchana3
1
Thailand.
2
Kyoto University, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto 611, Japan.
3
National Metal & Materials Technology Center, Klongluang 10120, Pathumthani, Thailand.
Abstract
CdIn(2)Se(4) semiconductor is known as a high performance electrical material. In this study, CdIn(2)Se(4) powder was synthesized via an aqueous chemical
reduction, or a solution method, at low temperature, using Se metal, InCl(3), and
CdCl(2)center dot 2.5H(2)O as precursors, NaBH(4) as a reducing agent, and water
as a solvent. Preparative parameters have been considered; reaction temperature
at 100 and 130 degrees C, reaction time at 30 min and 6 h. Finally, product
powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy
and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The CdIn(2)Se(4) phase was
observed to occur in some preparative conditions with In(OH)(3) contaminating
phase. However, In(OH)(3) impurity has disappeared when the reaction temperature
was 130 degrees C with a reaction time of 30 min, confirmed by XRD patterns.
Particle size of product powders was measured from TEM micrographs to be 9.17
+/- 0.94 nm. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Key words: Cadmium indium selenide; Thermoelectric materials; Solution
method
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS. Volume: 500 Issue: 2 Pages: 259-263. DOI:
10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.04.023. Published: JUN 25 2010.
381
Synthesis of hexagonal WO(3) nanowires by microwave-assisted
hydrothermal method and their electrocatalytic
activities for hydrogen evolution reaction
Phuruangrat Anukorn1,2, Ham Dong Jin1, Hong Suk Joon1,
Thongtem Somchai2 and Lee Jae Sung1
1
Department of Chemical Engineering, School Environmental Science & Engineering, Ecofriendly Catalysis & Energy Laboratory NRL, Pohang University of Science & Technology,
Pohang 790784, South Korea.
2
Abstract
Hexagonal WO(3) (hex-WO(3)) nanowires with high aspect ratio and crystallinity have been prepared for the first time by a microwave-assisted hydrothermal
method. By using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy,transmission
electron microscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy, the phase
and morphology of the products were identified, which were controlled by reaction
temperature, holding time and added salts. Uniform hex-WO(3) nanowires with a
diameter of 5-10 nm and lengths of up to several micrometres were synthesized by
a microwave-assisted hydrothermal process at 150 degrees C for 3 h in a solution
containing (NH(4))(2)SO(4) as a capping reagent and Na(2)WO(4) as a starting
material. The aspect ratio and specific surface area of hex-WO(3) nanowires were
625 and 139 m(2) g(-1), respectively, which represented one of the highest values
reported for WO(3). The electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction
of hex-WO(3) nanowires was also investigated by cyclic voltammetry and linear
sweep voltammetry. The results demonstrated that hex-WO(3) nanowires were a
promising electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) from water.
Key Words: THIN-FILMS; ELECTROCHROMIC DEVICES; TUNGSTEN-OXIDE;
NANORODS; GROWTH; WATER; NANOSTRUCTURES; DEPOSITION; CATALYSTS;
SYSTEM
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. Volume: 20 Issue: 9 Pages: 1683-1690. DOI:
10.1039/b918783a Published: 2010.
382
Synthesis of nanocrystalline metal molybdates
using cyclic microwave radiation
Phuruangrat A.2, Thongtem T.1 and Thongtem S.2
1
Thailand.
2
Abstract
Nanocrystalline compounds MMoO(4) (M = Ca, Sr and Ba) were synthesized
in propylene glycol using cyclic microwave radiation. XRD, TEM, SAED and EDX
analyses revealed the presence of nanocrystallites of the phases containing the
corresponding alkaline earth metals, Mo and O. The calculated lattice parameters
and the crystallite sizes both increased with the increase in the atomic masses
and the ionic radii of the divalent metals. Six different vibrations were detected
using Raman spectroscopy, and very strong Mo-O stretching mode of [MoO(4)](2-)
tetrahedrons was observed using FTIR.
Key Words: CITRATE COMPLEX METHOD; ASSISTED SYNTHESIS; ETHYLENEGLYCOL; SPECTRA; CAMOO4; CRYSTALS; SRMOO4
MATERIALS SCIENCE-POLAND. Volume: 28 Issue: 2 Pages: 557-563. Published: 2010.
383
Synthesis of novel ZnS/ZnAl(2)S(4) core/shell
nanocomposites using a facile solvothermal route
Thongtem Titipun1, Pilapong Chalermchai1 and Thongtem Somchai2
1
Thailand.
2
Abstract
Novel ZnS/ZnAl(2)S(4) core/shell nanocomposites were successfully synthesized by a surfactant-free solvothermal reaction at 200 degrees C for 10 h. XRD,
FESEM, TEM, and photoluminescence (PL) were used to characterize these novel
nanocomposites-build-up of zinc blende ZnS nanorod cores and wurtzite ZnAl(2)
S(4) shells. PL emission of ZnS nanorod cores were influenced by ZnAl(2)S(4)
shells covered around them. A formation mechanism of ZnS/ZnAl(2)S(4) core/shell
nanocomposites was also explained to relate with these results. (C) 2010 Elsevier
Key Words: ZNIN2S4; NANOPARTICLES; PHOTOCATALYST; MORPHOLOGY; NANOBELTS; NANORODS; GROWTH
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS. Volume: 496 Issue: 1-2 Pages: L29-L32. DOI:
10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.02.134 Published: APR 30 2010.
384
Synthesis of zeolite phases from combustion by-products
Pimraksa Kedsarin1, Chindaprasirt Prinya2 and Setthaya Naruemon3
1
50200, Thailand.
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen,
Thailand.
3
School of Science & Technology, Naresuan University, Phayao, Thailand
Abstract
Synthesis of zeolites from combustion by-products, including fly ash, bottom
ash and rice husk ash, was studied. A molar ratio of SiO(2)/Al(2)O(3) of 1.5 was
used for the syntheses. Refluxing and hydrothermal methods were also used for
synthesis for comparison. The reaction temperatures of refluxing and hydrothermal
methods were 100 degrees C and 130 degrees C, respectively. Sodalite, phillipsite-K,
and zeolite P1 with analcime were obtained when fly ash, bottom ash and rice husk
ash were used as starting materials, respectively. With rice husk ash as a starting
material, zeolite P1 was produced. This result had advantages over previous studies as there was no prior activation required for the synthesis. The concentrations
and types of alkaline used in the synthesis also determined the zeolite type. The
different zeolites obtained from three systems were measured for specific surface
area and pore size by using BET and Hg-porosimetry, respectively. Ammonium
exchange capacities of the synthesised powders containing zeolites, sodalite, zeolite
P1 and phillipsite-K were 38.5, 65.0 and 154.7 meq 100 g (1), respectively.
Key Words: COAL FLY-ASH; RICE HUSK ASH; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS;
POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS; ACTIVATION; MECHANISM; REMOVAL; ZSM-48
WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH. Volume: 28. Issue: 12 Pages: 1122-1132. DOI:10.
1177/0734242X09360366. Published: DEC 2010.
385
Synthesis, characterisation and photoluminescence
of nanocrystalline calcium tungstate
Phuruangrat Anukorn1, Thongtem Titipun2 and Thongtem Somchai1
1
2
Thailand.
Abstract
Calcium tungstate nanocrystalline was successfully synthesised via a microwave irradiation method using Ca(NO3)2 and Na2WO4 in ethylene glycol, without
the requirement of any calcination. The product was analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR),
transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED)
and photoluminescence spectrometry. XRD, SAED and TEM revealed that the
product was body-centred tetragonal CaWO4 with an average particle size of 12
nm. Different oscillation modes were detected by Raman spectroscopy and FTIR.
They showed the strong W-O stretching in [WO4]2- tetrahedrons at 711-933 cm-1.
Photoluminescence (PL) of CaWO4 nanocrystalline showed the maximum emission
peak at 422 nm.
Key Words: MICROWAVE-ASSISTED SYNTHESIS; CAWO4 THIN-FILMS; CA
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL NANOSCIENCE. Volume: 5 Issue: 3 Pages: 263-270.
Article Number: PII 923564681. DOI: 10.1080/17458080903513276. Published: 2010.
386
Taxonomic characterization of Streptomyces strain CH54-4
isolated from mangrove sediment
Srivibool Rattanaporn2, Jaidee Kanpicha2, Sukchotiratana Morakot1,
Tokuyama Shinji3 and Pathom-aree Wasu1
1
Institute of Marine Science, Burapha University, Chon Buri 20131, Thailand.
3
Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University,
Shizuoka 4228529, Japan.
2
Abstract
An actinobacterium, designated as strain CH54-4, was isolated from mangrove
sediment on the east coast of the Gulf of Thailand using starch casein agar. This
isolate was found to contain chemical markers typical of members of the genus
Streptomyces: This strain possessed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity
against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. In addition, this strain
also showed strong activity against breast cancer cells with an IC(50) value of 2.91
mu g ml(-1). Phylogenetic analysis of a 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain
CH54-4 forms a distinct clade within the Streptomyces 16S rRNA gene tree and
closely related to Streptomyces thermocarboxydus.
Key words: Mangrove sediment; Streptomyces; Taxonomy
ANNALS OF MICROBIOLOGY. Volume: 60 Issue: 2 Pages: 299-305. DOI: 10.1007/s13213010-0041-4. Published: JUN 2010.
387
The case for the use of unrefined natural reagents in
analytical chemistry-A green chemical perspective
Grudpan Kate1,2, Hartwell Supaporn Kradtap1,2,
Lapanantnoppakhun Somchai1,2 and McKelvie Ian3
1
Thailand.
2
50200, Thailand.
3
Water Studies Center, School Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia.
Abstract
An important part of the Green Chemistry philosophy is the need to develop
and adopt green analytical techniques and procedures. These include the reduction
of reagent and solvent usage, the minimization of solid, liquid and gaseous materials produced by analytical processes, the replacement of reagents and solvents of
high occupational or environmental toxicity with much more innocuous materials, and the reduction of energy use in analytical processes. One aspect that has
received little attention in this context is the use of unrefined natural reagents
derived from plant and animal tissues or microbial cells. Crude plant extracts may
contain chemical compounds that enable their use as indicators in acid-base or
redox titrations, or as chromogenic or fluorogenic agents. Enzymes extracted from
plants may be used directly in soluble form, or incorporated in biosensors or solid
phase reactors, for analytical measurements, or as a means of removing interferences or performing speciation studies. The use of natural reagents in conjunction
with a flow injection system can confer a number of advantages. The enhanced
kinetic control that flow analysis offers may assist in avoiding undesirable side
reactions that would otherwise occur using unpurified reagents. The lifetime of
natural reagents may be prolonged when used in a flow analysis system because
their exposure to light or air can be controlled. Any changes in response that do
occur may be readily corrected by regular standard checking and recalibration.
This article reviews the use of natural reagents with an emphasis on flow-based
analytical systems, and makes the case for further research in this latent area of
green analytical chemistry.
Key Words: INJECTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION; BATATAS L.
LAM.; SWEET-POTATO TISSUE; CRUDE EXTRACT; ENZYMATIC SOURCE; WASTEWATER; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESS; POLYPHENOL OXIDASE; FLOW-ANALYSIS;
ANALYTICAL METHODS. Volume: 2. Issue: 11. Pages: 1651-1661. DOI: 10.1039/c0ay00253d
Published: NOV 2010.
388
The chemical composition and antioxidant activities
of basil from Thailand using retention indices
and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography
Pripdeevech Patcharee1, Chumpolsri Watcharapong2,
Suttiarporn Panawan2 and Wongpornchai Sugunya2
1
Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science,
2
Abstract
The chemical compositions of essential oils obtained from Ocimum basilicum
var. thyrsiflora (1.39% dry weight) and Ocimum basilicum (0.61%) were analyzed
by GC-MS. Seventy-three constituents representing 99.64% of the chromatographic peak area were obtained in the O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora oil, whereas
80 constituents representing 91.11% observed in the essential oil of O. basilicum
were obtained. Methyl chavicol (81.82%), beta-(E)-ocimene (2.93%) and alpha-(E)bergamotene (2.45%) were found to be the dominant constituents in O. basilicum
var. thyrsiflora oil while O. basilicum contained predominantly linalool (43.78%),
eugenol (13.66%) and 1,8-cineole (10.18%). The clear separation of the volatiles
in all samples, demonstrated by the application of GCxGC, resulted in significantly
different fingerprints for the two types of basil. The O. basilicum oil showed strong
antioxidant activity while the oil of O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora exhibited very low
activity, which was attributed to the significant differences in linalool and eugenol
contents in these essential oils.
Key Words: ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY;
OCIMUM-BASILICUM; CALLOSOBRUCHUS-MACULATUS; VOLATILE COMPONENTS;
L.; LEAVES; GRATISSIMUM; VARIABILITY; CULTIVARS
JOURNAL OF THE SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY. Volume: 75. Issue: 11. Pages: 15031513. DOI: 10.2298/JSC100203125P. Published: 2010.
389
The Debye Dielectric Behavior of Mixed Normal and
Relaxor-Ferroelectrics: Monte Carlo Investigation
Laosiritaworn Yongyut1,2,3, Kanchiang Kanokwan1,2, Ngamjarurojana Athipong1,2,
Yimnirun Rattikorn4, Guo Ruyan5 and Bhalla Amar S.5
1
2
Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Commission on Higher Education, Bangkok 10400,
Thailand.
3
4
Institute Science, School of Physics, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima
30000, Thailand.
5
Department of Electrical & Computer Science, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio,
TX 78249 USA.
Abstract
In this work, Monte Carlo simulation was used to investigate the Debye
dielectric behavior of mixed normal- and relaxor-ferroelectrics. The results show
that, with increasing temperature, the dielectric permittivity of the mixed system
sharply increases at low temperatures but slowly decays at high temperatures, while
still presenting the dielectric peaks close to the relaxor- and normal-ferroelectrics
transition temperatures. Further, it is found that the sharpness, the magnitude,
and the frequency dispersion of the dielectric peaks can be finely tuned by
adjusting relevant normal-ferroelectric parameters in the model. However, the
modified Curie-Weiss law shows that its exponent is governed by the inversetemperature dependence as the exponent is very close to 2 regardless of normalferroelectric content. The functionalities of the Debye-type dielectric permittivity
are then discussed along with the comparison with experiments.
Key Words: TECHNOLOGY; CERAMICS
FERROELECTRICS. Volume: 401. Pages: 239-245. Article Number: PII 930375294. DOI:
10.1080/00150191003677114. Published: 2010.
390
The effect of H(2)O and PEG on the morphologies of ZnO
nanostructures synthesized under microwave radiation
Thongtem Titipun1, Jattukul Siriprapha1, Phuruangrat Anukorn2
and Thongtem Somchai2
1
Thailand.
2
Abstract
ZnO nanoparticles and nanorods were synthesized from Zn(NO(3))(2)center
dot 6H(2)O and NaOH in H(2)O and in different molecular weights (MWs) of polyethylene glycol (PEG) using 180W microwave radiation. The phase was detected
using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The
diffraction pattern was in accordance with that obtained by simulation. Scanning
and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) revealed the presence of
nanoparticles with an average size of 12.7 +/- 2.7 nm in water; these gradually
changed into nanorods in PEG with different MWs. Four Raman vibrations were
detected, with the strongest intensity at 439cm(-1), specified as the optical phonon
E(2H) high frequency mode. Luminescence emission was detected at 366-374 nm,
caused by the recombination of free excitons in the products. Emission intensity
was highest for the product synthesized in PEG600. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All
rights reserved.
Key Words: LOW-TEMPERATURE; HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS; NANORODS;
NANOPARTICLES; FABRICATION; FLOWERS; ARRAYS; ROUTE
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS. Volume: 491 Issue: 1-2 Pages: 654-657. DOI:
10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.11.033. Published: FEB 18 2010.
391
The Effects of Sugar Application on the Concentrations
of Anthocyanin and Flavonol of ‘Mahajanaka’ Mango
(Mangifera indica Linn. cv. Mahajanaka) Fruit
Lueangprasert Kanyarat1, Uthaibutra Jamnong1,
Saengnil Kobkiat1 and Arakawa Osamu2
1
2
Faculty of Agricuture & Life Science, Hirosaki University, Aomori 0368561, Japan.
Abstract
The relationship between contents of anthocyanin, flavonol, sugars and sunlight were explored in Mahajanaka mango (Mangifera indica Linn. cv. Mahajanaka)
fruit exocarp in Thailand. Sugars including fructose (5 or 10% weight/volume; w/v)
and sucrose (10% w/v) were applied three times at 77, 84 and 91 days after full
bloom before red colour development. Anthocyanin and flavonol contents increased
throughout fruit development, especially after the application of 10% fructose with a
greater response in the sunny exposed sections of the fruit than in shaded sections.
The concentrations of sucrose and fructose were generally higher in the exposed
sections after applications of the sugars compared with the control. There was a
positive correlation between anthocyanin and flavonol contents across the sugar
treatment in the exposed side of the fruit. However, there were strong correlations
between the concentrations of anthocyanin and sugars in the shaded side of the
fruit. These results suggest a strong relationship between colour development,
light and exposure to exogenous sugars in this mango cultivar.
Key Words: GENE-EXPRESSION; APPLE FRUIT; LIGHT; SKIN; BIOSYNTHESIS;
COLOR; ACCUMULATION; PATHWAY
CHIANG MAI JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. Volume: 37 Issue: 2. Pages: 355-362. Published:
MAY 2010.
392
The Fixed Point Property of Unital Abelian Banach Algebras
Fupinwong W. and Dhompongsa S.
Thailand.
Abstract
We give a general condition for infinite dimensional unital Abelian Banach
algebras to fail the fixed point property. Examples of those algebras are given
including the algebras of continuous functions on compact sets.
Key Words: SPACES
2010/362829. Published: 2010.
393
The gas phase conformers and vibrational spectra
of valine, leucine and isoleucine: An ab initio study
Dokmaisrijan Supaporn1, Lee Vannajan Sanghiran2,3 and Nimmanpipug Piyarat2,3
1
School of Science, Division of Chemistry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161,
Thailand.
2
50200, Thailand.
3
Abstract
The present work reports the results of a conformational study performed
on three essential non-polar amino acids: valine, leucine and isoleucine. Ab initio
calculations were done at the MP2/6-311++G(2d,2p) level in the gas phase. The 6, 8
and 12 conformers served as a basis to represent the shapes of valine, leucine and
isoleucine in the gas phase, respectively, with the relative energies (Delta E(Total))
below 1,25 kcal mol(-1) compared to the most stable conformer of each amino
acid. The Delta E(Total) values are reported at the MP2/6-311++G(2d,2p) level with
corrections for zero-point vibrational energies. The lowest energy conformers of
each amino acid contained the intramolecular hydrogen bond (H-bond) interactions between the NH(2) and COOH groups which are the N-H center dot center
dot center dot O = C, N-H center dot center dot center dot O-H and O-H center
dot center dot center dot N-H H-bonds. It is obvious that the H-bond interaction
plays an important role in the conformational energy and harmonic vibrational
frequencies. From the theoretical vibrational spectra, the O-H out of plane and
in-plane bending shift ranged from similar to 1100 cm(-1) to similar to 1360 cm(1) and the O-H stretching shifts from similar to 3600 cm(-1) to similar to 3400
cm(-1) due to the O-H center dot center dot center dot N-H H-bond interaction.
In addition, the side-chain orientations can also affect the conformational stability
and diversity, resulting in a large number of low energy conformational minima
of amino acid. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Key words: Valine; Leucine; Isoleucine; Conformer; Conformational study; Vibra-
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM Volume: 953. Issue: 1-3. Pages:
28-38. DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2010.04.033. Published: AUG 15 2010.
394
The Interactive Effects of Inorganic Carbon and Light on
a Tropical Submerged Macrophyte: Egeria densa
Planchon (Hydrocharitaceae)
Jampeetong Arunothai
Abstract
The interactive effects of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) and bicarbonate (HCO(3)
(-)) on a tropical submerged species: Egeria densa Planchon (Hydrocharitaceae)
was studied. A factorial combination of two concentrations of CO(2) (370 ppm
and 2,000 ppm) and three concentrations of HCO(3)(-) (0.1 mM, 0.85 mM and
1.7 mM) were set at the same condition of light intensities (300 mu mol m(-2)
s(-1)) and temperature (23 degrees C). The relative growth rate (RGR) and some
morphological characteristics were measured after 14 days. A significant difference
in RGR, shoot growth rate based on shoot length (SGR), number of new roots,
and new shoots between plants treated by low and high CO(2) concentration were
observed. The results indicate that the concentrations of both CO(2) and HCO(3)
(-) affected growth. At low concentrations of CO(2) and HCO(3)(-) there was the
lowest RGR, growth rate, and production of new shoots and roots. At the high
CO(2) concentration, the results showed the growth of plants will decrease when
the HCO(3)(-) concentration was low. The ability of E. densa to use HCO(3)(-) as an
inorganic carbon source for photosynthesis was studied by a pH-drift experiment.
Small E. densa shoots (1-1.5 cm long) were incubated in 30 ml glass-stoppered
bottles with a growth medium containing 0.8 mmol l(-1) of HCO(3)(-) at 23 degrees
C and 300 mu mol m(-2)s(-1) of light for 20 hours. The final pH, which was 10.1310.78, showed that E. densa can take up HCO(3)(-), after an attended treatment at
a high CO(2) concentration. Moreover, the effect of HCO(3)(-) on photosynthetic
oxygen production was studied at low (50 mu mol m(-2)s(-1)) and high (300 mu
mol m(-2)s(-1)) light intensities. The rate of photosynthesis increased when the
concentration of HCO(3)(-) was increased. Furthermore, the photosynthetic rate
at the high light intensity condition was 10 times greater than at the low light
intensity condition.
Key words: Egeria densa; bicarbonate user; photosynthesis; inorganic carbon
SEP 2010.
395
The occurrence of Melissococcus plutonius in healthy
colonies of Apis mellifera and the efficacy of European
foulbrood control measures
Budge Giles E.1, Barrett Ben1, Jones Ben1, Pietravalle Stephane1,
Marris Gay1, Chantawannakul Panuwan2, Thwaites Richard1, Hall Jayne1,
Cuthbertson Andrew G. S.1 and Brown Mike A.1
1
Food & Environment Research Agency, York YO41 1LZ, New Yorkshire, England.
2
Abstract
European foulbrood (EFB) persists in England and Wales despite current treatment methods, all of which include feeding honey bee colonies with the antibiotic
oxytetracycline (OTC). A large-scale field experiment was conducted to monitor a
husbandry-based method, using comb replacement (known as Shook swarm), as a
drug free EFB control option. The understanding of EFB epidemiology is limited,
with little information on the presence of Melissococcus plutonius in disease free
colonies. Additional samples were collected from diseased and disease free apiaries
to identify symptomless infection. EFB reoccurrence was not significantly different between OTC and husbandry methods and real-time PCR data demonstrated
that fewer Shook swarm treated colonies contained M. plutonius carryover to the
Spring following treatment. Asymptomatic colonies from diseased apiaries showed
an increased risk of testing positive for M. plutonius compared to asymptomatic
colonies from disease free apiaries. The probability of a sample being symptomatic
increased when a greater quantity of M. plutonius was detected in adult bees and
larvae. The possibility of treating EFB as an apiary disease rather than a colony
disease and the implications of a control strategy without antibiotics are discussed.
Crown Copyright (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Key words: Honey bee; Disease control; qPCR; Epidemiology; Detection; Oxytetracycline; Treatment
JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY. Volume: 105. Issue: 2. Pages: 164-170. DOI:
10.1016/j.jip.2010.06.004. Published: OCT 2010.
396
The solution route synthesis of the Cu(0.5)Ag(1.5)InSe(3)
compound for thermoelectric applications
Chansaenpak Kantapat and Sarakonsri Thapanee
Thailand.
Abstract
Cu(0.5)Ag(1.5)InSe(3) compound which is used as a thermoelectric material
was successfully synthesized by a simple solution route. The metal ions were reduced simultaneously under alkaline conditions by NaBH(4). The types of solvent,
reaction temperature, indium precursors, and reaction time were studied as the
parameters of the synthesis method. The prepared powders were investigated by
powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission
electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The
results show that the reaction temperature is the main factor affecting Cu(0.5)
Ag(1.5)InSe(3) formation. Finally, suitable conditions to prepare Cu(0.5)Ag(1.5)
InSe(3) particles were ethylene glycol as a solvent, 200 degree Celsius as a reaction temperature, indium nitrate as an indium precursor, and 72 h as a reaction
time.
Key Words: AQUEOUS CHEMICAL-SYNTHESIS; DEVICES; MERIT
JOURNAL OF CERAMIC PROCESSING RESEARCH. Volume: 11. Issue: 6. Pages: 742-746
Published: DEC 2010.
397
The spitting spider family Scytodidae in Thailand,
with descriptions of three new Dictis species (Araneae)
Dankittipakul Pakawin and Singtripop Tippawan
Thailand.
Abstract
The spitting spider family Scytodidae in Thailand, with descriptions of three
new Dictis species (Araneae). - Nine spider species belonging to the genus Dictis L.
Koch and presumably to the genus Scytodes Latreille were collected from forests
of Thailand. Three of them are new (Dictis elongata sp. n., D. denticulata sp. n.,
and D. thailandica sp. n.), two are known species for which morphological variation
and extended geographic ranges are recorded (Scytodes fusca and S. mawphlongensis), and a further four species known only from one sex are illustrated and
provisionally described using open nomenclature (three Dictis and one Scytodes
species).
REVUE SUISSE DE ZOOLOGIE. Volume: 117. Issue: 1. Pages: 121-141. Published: MAR
2010.
398
Theoretical Description of Electromagnetic Nonbonded
Interactions of Radical, Cationic, and Anionic
NH(2)BHNBHNH(2) Inside of the B(18)N(18) Nanoring
Monajjemi M.5, Lee V. S.1,2, Khaleghian M.3, Honarparvar B.5 and Mollaamin F.4
1
Department of Chemistry, CSML, Faculty of Science, Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics
(ThEP), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
2
Faculty of Science, Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics (ThEP), Center for Innovation
in Chemistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
3
Department of Chemistry, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Islamshahr, Iran.
4
Department of Chemistry, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran.
5
Department of Chemistry, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran,
Iran.
Abstract
The electromagnetic nonbounded interactions of the NH(2)BHNBHNH(2)
molecule inside of the B(18)N(18) ring have been investigated with hybrid density functional theory (B3LYP) using the EPR-III and EPR-II basis sets for a
physicochemical explanation of electromagnetic nonbounded interactions within
these nanosystems. Optimized structures and hyperfine spectroscopic parameters
such as total atomic charges, spin densities, electrical potential, and isotropic
Fermi coupling constants of radical, cationic, and anionic forms of the NH(2)
BHNBHNH(2) molecule in different loops and bonds of the B(18)N(18)-NH(2)
BHNBHNH(2) systems have been calculated. The correlations between structural,
electronic, and spectral properties have been contributed to identify the characteristics of hyperfine electronic structure. Besides structural characteristics, the
lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and the highest occupied molecular orbital
for the lowest energy have been derived to examine the structural stability of the
B(18)N(18)-NH(2)BHNBHNH(2) systems. We have also carried out the calculation
for the alanine-glycine amino acids coupled with the NH(2)BHNBHNH(2) molecule
inside of the B(18)N(18) ring (ALA-NH(2)BHNBHNH(2)-GLY) and obtained quantized
transitional frequencies among the forms of radical, anionic, and cationic. In a
similar way, in B(18)N(18)-NH(2)BHNBHNH(2), the three frequencies have been
yielded as nu(r-c) = 486948.498 GHz, nu(a-c) = 1792900.812 GHz, and nu(r-a) =
399
2507076.816 GHz. It can be seen that all observed frequencies appeared in the IR and
macrowave regions. It seems that the B(18)N(18)-NH(2)BHNBHNH(2) nonbonded
system can be used for the measurement of rotational spectra related to electrical
voltage differences existing in a part of biomacromolecules. The radial coordinate
of the dipole moment vector (r) as well as the voltage differences (Delta V) and
relative energies (Delta E) of the radical, anionic and cationic forms of the NH(2)
BHNBHNH(2) in the B(18)N(18)-NH(2)BHNBHNH(2) system exhibited Gaussian
distribution. The expectations of the Delta E and Delta V and r have been calculated from the Gaussian curves, which have been fitted by various eigenvalues. In
addition, the natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis has been performed, which was
informative to reveal some important atomic and structural features. Also, analysis
of the NQR hyperfine structure of the B(18)N(18)-NH(2)BHNBHNH(2) system has
been performed in terms of the electric field gradient at each nitrogen nucleus,
and the changes in the extent of electric charge distribution that accompanies
complex formation have been explored.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C. Volume: 114. Issue: 36. Pages: 15315-15330
DOI: 10.1021/jp104274z. Published: SEP 16 2010.
400
Theoretical Study of the Bombyx mori Silk Surface
Functionalization: Quantum Mechanical Calculation
of the Glycine-Alanine Unit Reacting with Fluorine
and Molecular Dynamic Simulation of Wettability
Khomhoi Padungsee, Sangprasert Waleepan, Lee Vannajan S.
and Nimmanpipug Piyarat
1
Thailand.
2
50200, Thailand.
Abstract
SF(6) plasma has been used to improve the hydrophobic properties of Thai
Silk. In this study, possible reactions were inveatigated via a glycine-alanine (GA)
model; the main component that dominates intermolecular interactions reflecting
the physical properties of solk. Quantum mechanical (QM) calculations using density
functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were utilized to
investigate possible mechanisms for the interaction between GA, fluorine radicals
(F*) and fluorine anions (F(-)). The hydrogen abstarction reactions of radicals are
the lowest activation energy pathways and should be the most preferable pathway
in the plasma treatment process. From the MD simulation, the interaction energies
of water with the silk surface and irradiated surface were -4.65 and -2.63 kcal/
(mole of water), respectively.
Key Words: PLASMA TREATMENT; WETTING BEHAVIOR; SF6 PLASMA; AIR
PLASMA; FIBERS; HYDROPHOBICITY; IMPROVEMENT; ADHESION
JAN 2010.
401
Thermal analysis and microstructure of Portland
cement-fly ash-silica fume pastes
Chaipanich Arnon and Nochaiya Thanongsak
Cement & Concrete Research Laboratory, Department of Physics & Materials Science, Faculty
Abstract
Thermal analysis (thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis) was
used with scanning electron microscopy technique to investigate the hydration
mechanisms and the microstructure of Portland cement-Fly ashsilica fume mixes.
Calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H), ettringite, gehlenite hydrate (C(2)ASH(8)), calcium
hydroxide (Ca(OH)(2)) and calcium carbonate (CaCO(3)) phases were detected in
all mixes. In the mixes with the use of silica fume addition, there is a decrease
in Ca(OH)(2) with increasing silica fume content at 5 and 10% compared to that
of the reference Portland-fly ash cement paste and a corresponding increase in
calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H).
Key Words: HIGH-STRENGTH CONCRETE; MINERAL ADMIXTURES; CORROSION;
HYDRATION
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY. Volume: 99. Issue: 2. Pages:
487-493. DOI: 10.1007/s10973-009-0403-y. Published: FEB 2010.
402
Thermal expansion behavior and estimated total polarizations
of lead zirconate titanate-lead nickel niobate ceramics
Unruan Muangjai1, Prasatkhetragarn Anurak2, Laosiritaworn Yongyut1,
Ananta Supon1, Khamman Orawan1, Yimnirun Rattikorn3,
Guo Ruyan4 and Bhalla Amar4
1
2
Department of Materials Science, School of Science & Technology, Naresuan University
Phayao, Phayao, Thailand.
3
30000, Thailand.
4
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Texas
Abstract
Thermal expansion properties of lead zirconate titanate-lead nickel niobate
((1-x)PZT-xPNN, x=0.1-0.5) ceramics were determined in the temperature range
of approximately -100 to + 450 degrees C by dilatometer thermal expansion
measurement. The observed deviation from the straight line below a Bums-like
temperature for all the compositions was interpreted as due to the contribution
from the dynamic polarization fluctuations of the relaxor part of the compositions.
The Burns temperature was determined and found to increase with increasing PZT
concentration. The local polarization was calculated from the thermal expansion
data. Various aspects of understanding the polarization behavior and other effects
in this ferroelectric system were also examined and discussed. (C) 2010 Elsevier
Key words: Thermal expansion; Polarization; Relaxor ferroelectric; PZT-PNN
MATERIALS LETTERS Volume: 64. Issue: 18. Pages: 1960-1963. DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2010.06.020. Published: SEP 30 2010.
403
Thermal sprayed stainless steel/carbon nanotube
composite coatings
Kaewsai D.1, Watcharapasorn A.1, Singjai P.1, Wirojanupatump S.2,
Niranatlumpong P.3 and Jiansirisomboon S.1
1
Chiang Mai University, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics & Materials Science, Chiang
2
Chiang Mai University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand.
3
National Metal & Materials Technology Center, Pathum Thani 12121, Thailand.
Abstract
Stainless steel/carbon nanotube (SS/CNT) composite coating was prepared by
thermal spray from the feedstock powder synthesized by chemical vapor deposition
at a synthesis temperature and time of 800 degrees C and 120 min under ethanol
atmosphere. Microstructural investigation by TEM and SEM revealed that grown
CNTs covering the surface of stainless steel particles were multi-walled type with
an average diameter of about 44 nm. Microstructures of pure stainless steel and
SS/CNT composite coatings similarly showed splat characteristic and lamellar
structure. Incorporation of CNTs was clearly observed in the composite coating.
Hardness of SS/CNT composite coating (480 +/- 36 HV(0.3)) was higher than
that of pure stainless steel coating (303 +/- 33 HV(0.3)). Coefficient of friction of
the SS/CNT coating was almost 3 times lower than that of stainless steel coating
which resulted in reduction of sliding wear rate of nearly 2 times. This research
thus demonstrated a new composite coating with better wear resistive performance
compared to a coating deposited by commercially available stainless steel powder.
(C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Key Words: REINFORCED ALUMINUM NANOCOMPOSITE; CHEMICAL-VAPORDEPOSITION; CARBON NANOTUBES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; MATRIX
NANOCOMPOSITES; ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; WEAR-RESISTANCE; NANOCRYSTALLINE; GROWTH
404
TPA-ZrO(2)-SiO(2)-Catalyzed Polyesterification
of TMP Polyester
Fang Li1,2, Geng Xiang-Dong1, Liu Diansheng1, Gao Jian1, He Li-Juan1,
Hao Ya-Juan1 and Saipanya Surin3
1
School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People’s
Republic of China.
2
Engineering Research Center for Fine Chemical, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan 030006,
People’s Republic of China.
3
Thailand.
Abstract
A series of tungstophosphoric acid (TPA)-ZrO(2)-SiO(2) particles (30 wt% TPA)
with various ZrO(2) contents were prepared by sol-gel method. Using heptanoic
acid (HA) as an end-capping agent, trimethylolpropane (TMP) polyester plasticizers
were prepared by the TPA-ZrO(2)-SiO(2)-catalyzed polyesterification of TMP and
adipic acid (AA). The particles were characterized by means of inductively coupled
plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier
transform infrared (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance (UV-VIS DR) and
transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TPA with 200 nm microspheric particles
were mostly embedded into the network of ZrO(2)-SiO(2) mixed oxide. Mole ratio
of ZrO(2):SiO(2) was 3:7 resulted in the most suitable composition for the catalyzed
polyesterification. Excess ZrO(2) induced destruction of the ZrO(2)-SiO(2) framework
whilst some TPA only adsorbed on the support surfaces. TPA-3Z-7S exhibited high
catalytic activity and better controllable of the weight average molecular weight
(MW) distribution of the TMP polyesters. Under the optimal reaction condition
the TMP polyester with MW between ca. 600-3800 was achievable prepared with
excellent yield (up to 93%).
Key words: TPA-ZrO(2)-SiO(2); sol-gel method; TMP polyester; polyesterification
SEP 2010.
405
Tris(ethylenediamine) cobalt(II) sulfate
Yotnoi Bunlawee, Seeharaj Athittaya, Chimupala Yothin and Rujiwatra Apinpus
Thailand.
Abstract
The structure of the title compound, [Co(II)(C(2)H(8)N(2))(3)]SO(4), the
cobalt example of [M(C(2)H(8)N(2))(3)]SO(4), is reported. The Co and S atoms are
located at the 2d and 2c Wyckoff sites (point symmetry 32), respectively. The Co
atom is coordinated by six N atoms of three chelating ethylenediamine molecules
generated from half of the ethylenediamine molecule in the asymmetric unit. The
O atoms of the sulfate anion are disordered mostly over two crystallographic sites.
The third disorder site of O (site symmetry 3) has a site occupancy approaching
zero. The H atoms of the ethylenediamine molecules interact with the sulfate anions via intermolecular N-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen-bonding
interactions.
ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION E-STRUCTURE REPORTS ONLINE. Volume: 66
Pages: M628-U333. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536810016168. Part: Part 6. Published: JUN 2010
406
TWO-STEP SYNTHESIS OF CdS (hcp) NANORODS USING
SONOCHEMICAL AND HYDROTHERMAL PROCESSES
Phuruangrat Anukorn1, Thongtem Titipun2 and Thongtem Somchai1
1
2
Thailand.
Abstract
CdS (hcp) crystals were synthesized using CdCl(2 center dot)2H(2)O in C(4)
H(11)N containing 20 % (NH(4))(2)S by the 5 h sonochemical process followed by
the hydrothermal reaction at different temperatures and times. CdS (hcp) crystals
composing of Cd and S were detected using XRD, SAED and EDX. A Raman spectrometer revealed the presence of fundamental and overtone modes at 299 and
596 cm(-1), respectively. The crystals are nanorods growing in systematic array
analyzed using TEM and HRTEM. Their photoluminescence is in the blue spectral
region at 409-422 nm (2.94-3.03 eV).
Key words: CdS; Nanorods; Sonochemical and hydrothermal processes
CHALCOGENIDE LETTERS. Volume: 7. Issue: 9. Pages: 552-558. Published: SEP
2010.
407
Utilization of ceramic waste as fine aggregate within
Portland cement and fly ash concretes
Torkittikul Pincha and Chaipanich Arnon
Construct Materials Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai
50200, Thailand.
Abstract
The aim of this research work was to investigate the feasibility of using
ceramic waste and fly ash to produce mortar and concrete. Ceramic waste fragments
obtained from local industry were crushed and sieved to produce fine aggregates.
The measured concrete properties demonstrate that while workability was reduced
with increasing ceramic waste content for Portland cement concrete and fly ash
concrete, the workability of the fly ash concrete with 100% ceramic waste as fine
aggregate remained sufficient, in contrast to the Portland cement control concrete
with 100% ceramic waste where close to zero slump was measured. The compressive strength of ceramic waste concrete was found to increase with ceramic waste
content and was optimum at 50% for the control concrete, dropping when the
ceramic waste content was increased beyond 50%. This was a direct consequence
of having a less workable concrete. However, the compressive strength in the fly
ash concrete increased with increasing ceramic waste content up to 100%. The
benefits of using ceramic waste as fine aggregate in concrete containing fly ash
were therefore verified. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Key words: Ceramic waste; Fly ash; Fine aggregate replacement; Compressive
strength
CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES. Volume: 32. Issue: 6. Pages: 440-449. DOI:
10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2010.02.004. Published: JUL 2010.
408
Utilization of fly ash with silica fume and properties
of Portland cement-fly ash-silica fume concrete
Nochaiya Thanongsak, Wongkeo Watcharapong and Chaipanich Arnon
Construct Materials Research Unit, Department of Physics & Materials Science, Faculty of
Abstract
This paper reports the normal consistency, setting time, workability and
compressive strength results of Portland cement-fly ash-silica fume systems. The
results show that water requirement for normal consistency was found to increase
with increasing SF content while a decrease in initial setting time was found.
Workability, measured in term of slump, was found to decrease with silica fume
content (compared to blends without silica fume). However, it must be noted that
despite the reduction in the slump values, the workability of Portland cement-fly
ash-silica fume concrete in most cases remained higher than that of the Portland
cement control concrete. Furthermore, the utilization of silica fume with fly ash
was found to increase the compressive strength of concrete at early ages (pre 28
days) up to 145% with the highest strength obtained when silica fume was used
at 10 wt%. Moreover, scanning electron micrographs show that utilization of fly
ash with silica fume resulted in a much denser microstructure, thereby leading to
an increase in compressive strength. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Key Words: HIGH-STRENGTH CONCRETE; COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH; MINERAL
ADMIXTURES; ACTIVATION
FUEL. Volume: 89. Issue: 3. Pages: 768-774. DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2009.10.003. Published:
MAR 2010.
409
Weak and strong convergence theorems for a finite family
of generalized asymptotically quasi-nonexpansive mappings
Cholamjiak Watcharaporn and Suantai Suthep
1
Thailand.
2
PERDO National Center for Excellence in Mathematics, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400,
Thailand.
Abstract
In this paper, we introduce a new iterative scheme for finding a common Fixed
point of a finite family of generalized asymptotically quasi-nonexpansive mappings
in a uniformly convex Banach space. We establish weak and strong convergence
theorems. Our main results improve and extend the corresponding ones obtained
in Schu (1991) [J. Schu, Iterative construction of fixed points of asymptotically
nonexpansive mapping, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 159 (1991) 407-413] and many others.
(C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Key words: Generalized asymptotically quasi-nonexpansive mapping; Iterative
method; Common fixed point; Banach space; Strong convergence
COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS. Volume: 60. Issue: 7. Pages:
1917-1923. DOI: 10.1016/j.camwa.2010.07.025. Published: OCT 2010.
410
Weak Convergence Theorems for a Countable Family
of Strict Pseudocontractions in Banach Spaces
Cholamjiak Prasit1 and Suantai Suthep1,2
1
Thailand.
2
Commission on Higher Education, Center of Excellence in Mathematics, Bangkok 10400,
Thailand.
Abstract
We investigate the convergence of Mann-type iterative scheme for a countable
family of strict pseudocontractions in a uniformly convex Banach space with the
Frechet differentiable norm. Our results improve and extend the results obtained
by Marino-Xu, Zhou, Osilike-Udomene, Zhang-Guo and the corresponding results.
We also point out that the condition given by Chidume-Shahzad (2010) is not
satisfied in a real Hilbert space. We show that their results still are true under a
new condition.
Key Words: COMMON FIXED-POINTS; NONEXPANSIVE-MAPPINGS; PSEUDOCONTRACTIONS; LIPSCHITZ PSEUDOCONTRACTIONS; ITERATION PROCESS;
HILBERT-SPACES; FINITE FAMILY; CONSTRUCTION
2010/632137. Published: 2010.
411
Webcam camera as a detector for a simple lab-on-chip
time based approach
Wongwilai Wasin1,2,3, Lapanantnoppakhun Somchai1,2,3, Grudpan Supara4
and Grudpan Kate1,2,3
1
Thailand.
2
50200, Thailand.
3
Research Laboratory for Development of Analytical Instrumentation, Center for Instrument &
Process, Science & Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200,
Thailand.
4
College of Art Media & Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Abstract
A modification of a webcam camera for use as a small and low cost detector was demonstrated with a simple lab-on-chip reactor. Real time continuous
monitoring of the reaction zone could be done. Acid-base neutralization with
phenolphthalein indicator was used as a model reaction. The fading of pink color
of the indicator when the acidic solution diffused into the basic solution zone was
recorded as the change of red, blue and green colors (%RBG.) The change was
related to acid concentration. A low cost portable semi-automation analysis system
was achieved. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Key Words: CCD-CAMERA; PROTEIN; BINDING
TALANTA. Volume: 81. Issue: 3. Pages: 1137-1141. DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.01.058.
412
yclic microwave assisted synthesis of Sb(2)S(3) dumb-bells using
polyvinylpyrrolidone as a template and splitting agent
Kavinchan Jutarat1, Thongtem Titipun1 and Thongtem Somchai2
1
Thailand.
2
Abstract
Antimony sulfide (Sb(2)S(3)) was successfully synthesized from antimony
chloride (SbCl(3)) and sodiumthiosulfate (Na(2)S(2)O(3)) in ethylene glycol (EG)
containing different polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) masses under cyclic microwave
radiation. XRD and SEM show that the products were orthorhombic Sb(2)S(3)
nanorods forming the dumb-bells. TEM study reveals Sb(2)S(3) single-crystal
nanorods, growing along the [001] direction. The dumb-bell formation is also
proposed, according to the splitting ends and a middle tie-up. Its direct band gap,
calculated from UV-visible absorption, is 1.52 eV. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights
reserved.
Key Words: ROUTE
MATERIALS LETTERS. Volume: 64. Issue: 21. Pages: 2388-2391. DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2010.07.075. Published: NOV 15 2010.
413
ZnO Nanobelts as a Photoelectrode
for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell
Hongsith Niyom and Choopun Supab
1
2
Commission on Highter Education, Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, Bangkok 10400,
Thailand.
Abstract
ZnO nanobelts layer of the dye-sensitized solar cell were prepared by RF
sputtered ZnO target onto a copper substrate and characterized by FE-SEM. The
structures of solar cells based on ZnO as a photoelectrode, Eosin-Y as dye sensitizer, iodine/iodide solution as an electrolyte and Pt/TCO as a counterelectrode. The
photoelectrochemical characteristics of ZnO DSSCs were tested under simulated
sulight AM 1.5 came from a solar simulator with the radiant power of 100 mW/
cm(2). It was found that DSSCs based on ZnO nanobelts can generate photocurrent
with photoconversion efficiency of 0.6% (J(SC) = 2.11 mA cm(2), V(OC) = 0.52,
FF = 0.61). The higher J(SC) in ZnO nanobelt DSSC sample indicates that larger
amount of dye adsorbed on surface of ZnO nanobelts than that of ZnO powder.
The J(SC) increases with increasing a thickness of the ZnO photoelectrode for both
powder and nanobelt. Moreover, the of ZnO DSSCs is independent on morphology
and dye adsorption surface area of ZnO. The obtained photoelectrochemical results
can be explained by using energy band diagram.
Key Words: FILMS; ELECTRODES
JAN 2010.
414
Artwork and Community History around
Burmese-Tai Yai Temples in Lampang
Suebsak Sanyakiatikun1, Supaporn Nakbunlung2, Usanee Thongchai3,
Chatkaew Simarak3, Sineenad Somboonanek4, Woralun Boonyasurat1,
Thianchai Aksrondit1, Anukoon Siripan6, Metee Medhasith Suksumret5,
Thapakron Kruaraya5, Nuttapon Sukitsuksawas5, Thapanee Kruaraya5,
Medapon Bomkao5 and Jutamas Suvimolcharoen5
1
Faculty of Fine Arts, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Faculty of Social Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
3
Faculty of Humanities, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
4
Chiang Mai University Library, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
5
Northern Archaeology Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
6
Lampang Inter-Tech College, Lampang 52100, Thailand.
2
ABSTRACT
The study of 15 Burmese-Tai Yai Temples in Lampang reveals that most of
them were built by Burmese-Tai Yai merchants who had business with Western
company during 25th BE. The Art Style of the temples reflected Burmese influence, with their belief system embedded on the designs, inherited by the artisans.
As they are not community temples, and the conflict between some temples and
their communities about the land lead to the decaying of the temples. This study
also assisted the community to understand about the important of the religious
monument and to realize about the need to participate in the temple activities.
During the process of field data collecting, young researchers has been trained in
terms of conservation and development.
Published in Artwork and Community History around Burmese-Tai Yai Temples in
Lampang Research, Northern Archaeology Center, 2010.
415
Prehistoric Culture of Pra Tu Pha Limestone Hills
in Mae Moh District, Lampang Province
Supaporn Nakbunlung1, Valery Zeitoun2, Piyawit Moonkham3,
Nuttapon Sukitsuksawas3 and Jutamas Suvimolcharoen3
1
Faculty of Social Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, French.
3
Northern Archaeology Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
2
ABSTRACT
The archaeological site of Ban Tha Si is located 10 km south of the famous
painting rock art site of Pra Tu Pha (Mae Mo District, Lampang Province). The
excavation was undertaken to understand the use of rock-shelter during the prehistoric time and to bring knowledge of the very old period of Thai heritage.The
rock-shelter of Ban Tha Si is situated at the western wall of Doi Pha Kan. Several
red painted figures of human hands and also figures of animal (an elephant and a
sun bear) are present. After the mapping of the topography of the site we collect 48
stone tools, 5 sherds and one cowrie during the surface survey of the site. A first
trench of 5 meters long and 1 meter wide excavated down to the elephant painting
provided only 4 stone tools and show that the soil is very eroded. Nevertheless,
a second test-pit undertaken under the eastern arch of the rock-shelter provided
10 pebbles, 202 flakes, 20 chunks, and 54 stone tools (scrapper, denticulated and
retouched flakes) made of silicified limestone and 85 sherds (less than 1 cm wide)
of a black ceramic. Small remains of animals show the presence of turtle, varan,
snake, crab, cowrie, suid, cercopithecid and large bovid showing that human live
at that place for eating after hunting. But other activities are present. Indeed,
the burial of an adult male provide half body of an individual. His body is laying
on his right side. His head is not present anymore but the arms are flexed with
the hands close to the chin. His legs are also in flexed position. The stature of
the individual is around 1.73 meters tall. The dating of the charcoal suggests a
human occupation of this place between 12,000 and 6,000 years ago. The burial
belongs to the youngest period. The prehistoric site of Ban Tha Si is very similar to
the famous Moh Khiew site from southern Thailand and suggests that human have
the same way of life from southern to northern Thailand at prehistoric times.
Published in Prehistoric Culture of Pra Tu Pha Limestone Hills in Mae Moh District,
Lampang Province Research, Northern Archaeology Center, 2010.
416
BrimA, total Acidity and total soluble solid correlate to
total carotenoid contents as indicators of the ripening
process of six Thai mango fruit cultivars
Anyarat Wongkhot1,2, Nithiya Rattanapanone1,2,3 and Usawadee Chanasut1,2,4
1
Postharvest Technology Innovation Center, Commission on Higher Education, Bangkok 10400,
Thailand.
3
Food Science and Technology Department, Agro-Industry Faculty, Chiang Mai University,
4
Biology Department, Science Faculty, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
2
ABSTRACT
The investigated was carried out to correlate BrimA values with total carotenoid content in comparison to TSS/TA ratios and total acidity (TA) with total
carotenoid content of six mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars. The cultivars
of these mangoes were “Kaew”, Khew Sawoey”, “Chok-Anan”, “Nam Dok Mai”,
Maja-Chanok” and “Nang Klangwan”. Mature green mango fruits were selected
based on their specific gravity which was greater than 1.0 and then kept at 25±2ºC
with 70-80 % RH. The sampling was carried out randomly on daily basis until
mango fruits ripened. The result showed that BrimA value, TSS/TA ratios with
total carotenoids content (TCC) of all cultivars increased duting ripening process.
The subsequent determination of correlation coefficient (r2) suggested that the
TCC were highly related to BrimA values rather that the TSS/TA ratios and TA, in
some cultivars. The best corresponding r2 values of BrimA and total carotenoids
content were 0.88 and 0.99 for cv. “Kaew” and “Nang Klangwan”, respectively.
Therefore, correlation between BrimA and TCC may possibly be used as an index
for the ripening stage, flesh color and sweetness of mango fruit.
Published in Chiang Mai University Journal of Natural Science, Volume 10 Number 1
(January-June 2011).
417
Comparative Characterisation of Durian, Mango and Avocado
Sumitra Poovarodom1, Ratiporn Haruenkit2, Suchada Vearasilp3,
Jacek Namiesnik4, Milena Cvikrova5, Olga Martincova5, Aviva Ezra6,
Milan Suhaj7, Pramoj Ruamsuke8 and Shela Gorinstein6
1
Department of Soil Science, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok,
Thailand.
2
Faculty of Agro-Industry, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok,
Thailand.
3
Postharvest Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University 50200, Thailand.
4
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdansk University of Technology, 80
952 Gdansk, Poland.
5
Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech
Republic.
6
School of Pharmacy, Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical
School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
7
Food Research Institute, 824 75 Bratislava, Slovakia.
8
Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Rambhai Barni Rajabhat University, Chanthaburi 220000,
Thailand.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this investigation was to determine the nutritional and bioactive
properties of relatively less investigated exotic fruit durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.)
and to compare these indices with widely used mango (Mangifera indica L.) and
avocado (Persea Americana). For this purpose HPLC, three-dimensional fluorescence (3D-FL), several radical scavenging assays and multivariate factor analysis
were used. It was found a similarity in acetone extracts between durian and mango
in contents of polyphenols (1.66±0.08, 1.48±0.05, mg GAEg-1 DW, respectively),
and in some antioxidant assays such as ABTS (11.98±0.5, 12.24±0.5, µM TEg-1DW,
respectively and DPPH (5.61±0.3, 5.22±0.2, µM TEg-1DW, respectively). Durian and
avocado were similar in the contents of polyphenols, and ABTS and DPPH values
in water and in methanol extracts, respectively. Base on the obtained results the
nutritional and bioactive properties of durian are comparable with those indices
in mango and avocado. In conclusion, durian can be recommended as a part of
disease prevented diets.
Published in International Journal of Food Science and Technology 45, 921-929.
418
Diversity of Moulds in Fresh Longan
Piyanat Chang-ngern1,2,3, Uraporn Sardsud1,2,3, Wasu Pathom-aree1,
Parinya Chantrasri4 and Ekachai Chukeatirote5
1
3
Thailand.
4
5
2
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to determine the diversity of moulds on
harvested fresh longan for dried product preparation. Initially, fresh longan were
collected from Chiang Mai in July 2007; the fungi were then isolated from pericarp,
fruit, seed and stem-end by tissue transplanting technique and mould identification was performed based on morphological characteristics. A total of 121 isolates
were obtained in which 83 isolates (68.59%) were from pericarp; 32 (26.45%) from
fruit; and 6 (4.96%) from seed and stem-end, respectively. The mycobiota was
dominated by Lasiodiplodia (30.60%), Aspergillus (14.10%), Penicillium (11.00%),
Xylaria (14.10%), Fusarium (5.00%), Rhizopus (4.5%), Pestalotiopsis (4.5%) and
Trichoderma (3.50%). Besides, unidentified fungi were also present and accounted
for 11.60%.
Published in Agricultural Science Journal. 41 (1) (Suppl.): 322-324.
419
Drying Kinetics and Dried Product Quality of Rosemary
Leaves, Lavender Flowers and Rose Petals
Pichaya Boonprasom Poonlarp1,2,3, Autcharaphorn Apiwongngam1
and Yongyuth Chalearmchart1,2,3
1
Food Engineering Department, Agro-Industry Faculty, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai
50200, Thailand.
2
3
Thailand.
ABSTRACT
The research was aimed at studying the drying kinetics of rosemary leaves,
lavender flowers and rose petals. Three drying kinetics model were employed,
namely Lewis, Henderson & Pabis, and Page Model. Rosemary leaves, lavender
flowers and rose petals were dried at temperatures of 50°C with air velocities of
0.5 m/s using tray dryer. Initial moisture content of rosemary leaves, lavender
flowers and rose petals were around 316.67%, 354.55% and 455.56% dry basis,
respectively. The Page model was found to be the best model for describing the
characteristics of rosemary leaves, lavender flowers and rose petals for drying at
the temperatures of 50°C. Color assessment, moisture content, water activity (aw)
total ash, tannin, total phenolic compounds, total plate count, yeastmold, coliform
and E. coli were analyzed as the quality parameters. Dried product qualities of
rosemary leaves, lavender flowers and rose petals using solar dryer with moisture
content of less than 7% were comparable to those dried in tray dryer. In addition,
the dried products from three different dryers had the moisture content less than
7%.
Published in Agricultural Science Journal. 41 (1) (Suppl.).
420
Effect of electrolyzed oxidizing water and continuous
ozone exposure on the control of penicillium digitatum
Kanda Whangchai1,2,3, Kobkiat Saengnil1, Chananchida Singkamanee2,3
and Jamnong Uthaibutra1,2,3
1
3
Thailand.
2
ABSTRACT
The effect of electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water in combination with ozone to
control postharvest decay of tangerine cv. “Sai Num Pung” was investigated. The
spore suspension containing 105 conidia ml-1 of Penicillium digitatum was prepared.
EO water was generated by electrolysis of various concentrations of NaCl solution
(5, 25, 50% and saturated NaCl). The spore suspension was inoculated into EO
water and incubated at 27°C for 1, 2, 4, 8 and 32 min. It was found that the EO
water with saturated NaCl completely inhibited the spore germination of the fungus
within 1 min. When the fruit inoculated with P. digitatum were washed in EO
water at the same concentration as previous experiment for 4, 8 and 16 min and
stored at 5°C for 18 days, it was found that immersion of the fruit in EO water
for 8 min was the most effective to reduce disease incidences. Moreover, washing fruit in EO water and kept in a refrigerated chamber at 5°C with continuous
zone exposure at a concentration of 200 mgl-1 for 2 h day-1 to extend storage life
suppressed the disease incidence until 28 days. However, none of the treatments
had any effect on the quality of fruit such as total soluble solids, titratable acidity,
percent weight loss and peel color. Therefore EO water may be useful for surface
sanitation and ozone has potential to control the recontamination of postharvest
diseases in tangerine fruit in storage room.
Published in Crop Protection 29: 386-389.
421
Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide on the Quality
of Abalone Mushroom
Thanyaporn Boonphokaew1,2,3 and Uraporn Sardsud1,2,3
1
3
Thailand.
2
ABSTRACT
Abalone mushroom is one of the favourite edible mushrooms due to its firm
texture and characteristic flavor. However, fresh mushroom has short shelf life
because it quickly loss of quality after harvest. So, it decays easily and its market
could not be expanded fully. The mean of extending shelf life has to be looked
for. At present, the addition of food preservative is rather limited for the safety of
consumers. Hydrogen peroxide is regarded as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS)
and is added to some food and it is generally acceptable as safe for consumption.
The objective of this research was to study the effect of hydrogen peroxide on
the quality of abalone mushroom. The mushroom was sliced lengthwise, 0.5 cm
thick and dipped in hydrogen peroxide at the concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20,
25, 30 and 35% respectively, each concentration for 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60
minutes and kept at 10°C. The changes in color and firmness were determined
every 4 days. It was found that the shelf life of mushroom dipped in 5 and 10%
hydrogen peroxide for 10 minutes was extended up to 16 days. Whereas those
dipped in water and the non-dipped mushroom could be kept for only 12 days
This research may provide a mean of extending shelf life of abalone mushroom
and increase the possibility of expanding the mushroom market.
Published in Agricultural Science Journal. 41 (1) (Suppl): 122-125.
422
Effect of Radio Frequency Heat Treatment to Control
Aspergillus flavus in Maize (Zea mays)
Kulthida Chaisathidvanich1,2, Wolfgang Lücke3, Nattasak Krittigamas1,2,5,
Sa-Nguangsak Thanapornpoonpong1,2,4, Sangtiwa Suriyong4
and Suchada Vearasilp1,2,4
1
Thailand.
3
Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of Göttingen, Germany.
4
Plant Science and Natural Resources Department, Agriculture Faculty, Chiang Mai University,
2
ABSTRACT
The use of radio frequency (RF) heat treatment to eliminate Aspergillus
flavus in maize seeds was investigated in this study. The spore suspension of A.
flavus isolated from infected maize seeds was inoculated in the maize seed lot.
The inoculated seed samples were treated with an RF application of (27.12 MHz)
at 80, 85 and 90°C for both 1 min and 3 min. The percentage of fungal infection
detected by the blotter and Potato Dextrose agar (PDA) methods.The percentage of
moisture content, grain cracking and aflatoxin contamination was also determined
and evaluated. The results showed that using heat treatments of more than 85
and 90°C, at duration times of 1 minute and 3 minutes significantly affected the
seed moisture content. Seed moisture was decreased significantly by more than
0.50 percent. The percentage of cracking was increased by 33% and 38% when
the maize grains were treated with 90°C for 1 min and 3 min, respectively. Radio
frequency heat treatment, at the temperature of 90°C for 3 minutes, completely
eliminated A. flavus when determined by the blotter method, whereas using the
PDA method, the fungi remained contaminated at about 1%. In addition, aflatoxin
contamination was not detected from all treated maize samples. Therefore, RF
heat treatment at the temperature of 90°C for 3 min is suggested for eliminating
A. flavus in maize seed.
423
Inhibitory Effect of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)
Photocatalytic Ozonation on Controlling Anthracnose
Disease of Bird Chilli (Capsicum fruescens L.) After Harvest
Pattraporn Chutidumrong1,2,3, Kanda Whangchai1,2,3,
Satit Phiyanalinmat3 and Jamnong Uthaibutra1,2,3
1
Thailand.
3
2
ABSTRACT
The effect of titanium dioxide photocatalysis and ozone on growth inhibition
of Colletotrichum capsici causing anthracnose disease of bird chilli was studied.
The mixture of 2.6 x 106 spores/milliliter spore suspension of C. capsici and 10
milligram/milliliter of titanium dioxide powder were added and then exposed to
ozone at the concentration of 200 ppm. After that, the samples were analyzed for
fungal development (percent of mycelial inhibition and spore germination) every
10 minutes for 1 hour. The results showed that the titanium dioxide photocatalytic
ozonation and ozonation alone were the most effective to inhibit fungal development.
For the second experiment, bird chilli with artificial inoculation were washed in
titanium dioxide photocatalysis-containing water combined with ozone for 25, 50,
75 and 100 minutes. The results showed that all treatments had effect on growth
inhibition of fungi with 25 minutes, when compared with the control (distilled
water).
Published in the Proceeding on the 9th Horticultural Congress 2010/11-14 May 2010.
424
PCR-based Detection and Differentiation of Anthracnose
Pathogen isolates from ‘Nam Dok Mai Si Thong’ Mang
Orchards at Prao, Chiang Mai
Parinya Chantrasri1,2,3 and Pongsathorn Dhumtanom1
1
3
Thailand.
2
ABSTRACT
The trials was conducted in ‘Nam Dok Mai Si Thong’ mango orchards at
Prao district, Chiang Mai Province, from October 2009 to February 2010 with
5 year-old trees of the mango to study the quiescent of anthracnose disease of
mango caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides form pruning stage to flowering
stage. More than 2 species of the fungal pathogens were isolated from leaf and
branch samples by using paraquat technique to induce the growth of the fungi.
Polymerase chain reaction technique was used for detection of the plant pathogen.
For early detection of anthracnose pathogen of mango, two sets of oligonucleotide
primers, ITS1-4 and ITS4-5, specific to Genus Colletotrichum were used. PCR
products were subsequently sequencing and at least 2 isolates of Colletotrichum
spp. were confirmed. Species-specific primers pairs will design for further detection of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in the mango orchards.
Published in the Proceeding on the 9th Horticultural Congress 2010/11-14 May 2010.
425
The Decrease of Quiescent and Anthracnose Disease
for Increasing Export Potential of “Nam Dok Mai Si Thong”
mango at Prao in Chiang Mai
Parinya Chantrasri1,2,3, Vicha Sardsud2,3, Uraporn Sardsud2,3
and Rattapol Pornprasit2,3
1
3
Thailand.
2
ABSTRACT
Assessment of the quiescent of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing
anthracnose disease of mango and its control was conducted in Prao district of
Chiang Mai Province, from October 2008 to April 2009 with 4-5 year-old trees
of the mango variety “Nam Dok Mai Si Thong”. The effects of pre-harvest spray
program every two week interval of copper oxychloride, mancozeb, carbendazim,
azoxystrobin and prochloraz on post-harvest development of anthracnose disease
was also studied. Eight pre-harvest applications of the fungicides from prunin to
bagging stage could control the disease on fruit harvested 110 days after floral
induction and incubated at ambient temperatures for 14 days. Chemical sprayed
trial farm show less disease than the nearby orchard where only azoxystrobin
and mancozeb was applied. Data from in vitro test by using paraquat stimulating
technique showed that the management of pre-harvest applications had significantly reduced the number of anthracnose pathogen compared with those samples
recovered from control trees. Dipping mangoes in prochloraz and hot water (at
55°C for 5 minutes) reduced decay caused by the anthracnose pathogen to levels
similar to those attained by using hot prochloraz. When fruits were stored for
longer periods of time, prochloraz was more effective than the hot water treatment
alone.
426
The Abstracts
Presented
in the conferences
CORRELATION OF DELIVERY MODES AND EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES
Sakornrat Khongkhunthian1, Prakaimuk Saraithong2, Komkham Pattanaporn3,
YiHong Li4, Pannipa Laohapensang5 and Wisut Pattanaporn5
1
Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai
50200, Thailand.
2
3
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
4
The college of Dentistry, New York University, New York, USA.
5
Health Promotion Hospital, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
The mode of delivery and other maternal factors contribute to the acquisition
of S. mutans in infants, which may lead to differences in caries experience in later
years. Objectives: To determine the association between the mode of delivery and
other maternal factors with the colonization of S. mutans and caries experience
in a group of Thai children. Methods: A total of 350 mothers and their 3- or
5-year-old children were randomly selected from the Health Promotion Hospital
in Chiang Mai, Thailand; 182 were born vaginally and 168 were born by caesarean
section. Caries experiences of the mothers and the children were examined. S.
mutans colonization was assessed by using Dentocult® SM Strip Mutans method
(Orion Diagnostica) and quantitative real-time PCR. Information on childcare
history, dietary, and oral health practices were obtained by a questionnaire survey
of the mothers. Results: A proportion of children with very high S. mutans colonization (Strip mutans score = 3) was found in 3-year-old (45.4%) vaginally-born
children (P = 0.017). Three-year-old vaginally born children also experienced more
caries (64.9%) compared with age-matched caesarean born children (45.9%) (P
<0.001) with higher mean dmfs score (6.8±10.3 vs. 4.3±7.6; P = 0.023). A significant association was found between S. mutans colonization and caries prevalence
for both 3- and 5-year-old groups (P <0.001). Other maternal factors associated
with more caries in the children included chewing food to feed their child (P =
0.023), bottle feeding frequency at bed time (P = 0.015), soft-drink consumption
(P = 0.04), and use of fluoride toothpaste (P = 0.021). Findings from qPCR also
confirmed that vaginally delivered children had higher prevalence of S. mutans
429
than that C-sectionally delivered children. The difference was highly significant for
the 3-year-old group and was diminished by the age of 5, the delivery mode had
no effect on the colonization of S. sobrinus in the children. There were correlation
of S. mutans and S. sobrinus colonization and dental caries in children. Mothers’ S. mutans and S. sobrinus colonization did show effects on children’s mean
dmft scores. There was no significant correlation of S. mutans and S. sobrinus
colonization between the mothers and the children from both qualitative, melting
curve, and quantitative, Ct value and mean DNA levels, determinations were based
on qPCR results. Conclusion: This preliminary study demonstrates that maternal
mode of delivery and feeding practices were significantly associated with S. mutans
colonization and caries status in a population of Thai children.
Presented in the 9th World Congress on Preventive Dentistry, Phuket, Thailand, September 7-10, 2009 and The AADR Annual Meeting & exhibition, Washington. DC, USA March
3-6, 2010. Supported by Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, The college of Dentistry
of New York University and Colgate-Palmolive Company, USA.
430
CRUDE MALVA NUT GUM AFFECTS PASTING AND TEXTURAL PROPERTIES
OF WHEAT FLOUR IN THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF
SODIUM CHLORIDE
Yuthana Phimolsiripol1, Ubonrat Siripatrawan2 and C. Jeya K. Henry3
1
Division of Product Development Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University,
2
Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok
10330, Thailand.
3
School of Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK.
ABSTRACT
Malva nut seed contains a large amount of mucilaginous substance. However,
information of the application of crude malva nut gum (CMG) in starch-based food
system is limited. Understanding of the interaction phenomena between the mixtures
will be useful for the development of starch-based products with better quality. This
research aims to investigate the effect of CMG addition on pasting and textural
properties of wheat flour in the presence or absence of sodium chloride (NaCl).
CMG was extracted by soaking in water and then precipitating with 95% ethanol.
The mixtures were prepared by adding 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% of CMG into wheat
flour. Pasting results revealed that addition of CMG significantly elevated (p<0.05)
the peak viscosity (128-669 RVU), hot paste viscosity (77-363 RVU), breakdown (50306 RVU) and final viscosity (157-556 RVU). Pasting temperature (59-85oC) of the
pastes decreased with increasing CMG content. The textural parameters including
hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness of the mix gels
decreased with the addition of CMG. The presence of 0.75% NaCl in the mixtures
had higher viscosity than the presence of 0 and 1.5% NaCl in the mixtures. The
hardness of gel mixed with 0-2.5% CMG increased with increasing NaCl levels,
while no significant effect (p≥0.05) at higher level of CMG (7.5-10%). Higher paste
viscosity, softer gel texture of wheat flour could be altered using CMG and the
presence of NaCl affects the pasting and textural properties.
Presented in International Conference on Agriculture and Agro-Industry (ICAAI2010):
Food, Health and Trade. Chaing Rai, Thailand, November 2010.
431
DEVELOPMENT OF COCONUT MILK ICE CREAM MIXED
WITH MALVA NUT JELLY
Panjarus Wongyai, Supansa Dudngon and Yuthana Phimolsiripol
ABSTRACT
The objective of this research was to apply malva nut jelly (MJ) in coconut milk ice cream. Mixture experiment was designed to investigate the ratio of
coconut milk, skim milk and malva nut jelly. Results showed that optimal ratio
was 44.4% coconut milk, 5% skim milk and 5% MJ. In addition, increasing MJ
content reduced sweetness of ice cream. Then, CRD experiment was done at 5, 15,
25 and 35% MJ based on the total mixture. Total soluble solid of ice cream was
controlled at 25oBrix. Use of 25% MJ and 21% sugar resulted in a high hedonic
score. However, higher viscosity and less sweetness were recommended by consumers. Factorial experiment was used to study sucrose and stabilizer (mixtures of
xanthan gum and guar gum at 1:3) contents. It was found that use of 21% sugar
and 0.2% stabilizer in ice cream had the highest overall-liking score. Optimum
formula of developed product consisted of 34.6% coconut milk, 20.2% sugar, 19.2%
water, 18.3% MJ, 3.8% skim milk, 1.9% stabilizer, 1% carboxymethylcellulose and
1% glyceryl monostearate. Hundred percent of consumers accepted the developed
product.
Presented in the 2nd Agro-Industry Chiang Mai University Conference. Chiang Mai
Thailand, November 2010.
432
DEVELOPMENT OF GLUTEN-FREE BREAD MIXED WITH JIAOGULAN
Krongkarn Pugpayappysal, Pornthiva Takwang and Yuthana Phimolsiripol
ABSTRACT
The objective of the research was to develop gluten-free bread mixed Jiaogulan
for providing higher phenolic content. Mixture experiment was designed to study
type and ratio of appropriate hydrocolloids. Results showed that 1% of both guar
gum and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose had significantly different effects (P<0.05)
on the loaf specific volume. The effects of protein types (egg white powder and soy
protein isolate) and dough proving processes (proving one time for 60 minutes
and proving two times for 40 and 45 minutes) were studied using 2x2 factorial in
CRD. It was found that use of egg white powder and dough proving for 60 minutes
resulted in increasing loaf specific volume. The influences of water (100-150%
of flour) and Jiaogulan powder (0-1% of flour) contents were investigated using
CCD. Results demonstrated that the appropriate amount of water and Jiaogulan
powder was 100% and 0.22%, respectively. Optimal formula of developed glutenfree bread mixed with Jiaogulan consisted of 45% rice flour, 45% corn flour and
10% soy flour. Other ingredients based on flour content included 100% water,
1.5% yeast, 1.75% salt, 10% sugar, 10% egg white powder, 10% shortening, 2%
emulsifier, 0.22% Jiaogulan powder, 1% sodium bicarbonate, 1% guar gum, 1%
hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and 1% Lecitex. The loaf specific volume and total
phenolic compound of the developed bread were 2.42 mL/g and 0.675 mgGAE/g
dry weight, respectively.
Presented in The 2nd Agro-Industry Chiang Mai University Conference. Chiang Mai,
Thailand, November 2010.
433
EFFECT OF CRUDE MALVA NUT GUM ON PASTING BEHAVIOR
AND FREEZE-THAW STABILITY OF TAPIOCA STARCH
Yuthana Phimolsiripol1, Suthat Surawang1 and Ubonrat Siripatrawan2
1
2
10330, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
This research is aimed to investigate the effect of CMG on pasting behavior
and freeze-thaw stability of tapioca starch. CMG was extracted by soaking malva nut
seed in water and then precipitating with 95% ethanol. Yield of CMG was about
19.4% based on dry weight of the seeds with 12.5% moisture content. Tapioca
starch was replaced by different concentrations of CMG at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 5%
w/w. Different concentrations of CMG resulted in significant difference (p<0.05) in
pasting behavior of tapioca starch. Peak viscosity and final viscosity significantly
increased (p<0.05) with increasing in CMG concentrations which ranged from
362-815 RVU and 226-391 RVU, respectively. Setback from peak of tapioca starch
replaced with 5% CMG decreased by about 2.23 times when compared to non-CMG
sample. Freeze–thaw stability measurement revealed that the tapioca starch gel
had no syneresis after freezing but syneresis percentage increased with increasing freeze-thaw cycles. Higher level of CMG in tapioca starch gel could decrease
syneresis. When 3-5% CMG concentrations were used, syneresis of tapioca starch
gel was lower than 3%. Therefore, CMG could be applied in frozen product to
improve freeze-thaw stability.
Presented in The 6th Chiang Mai University Academic Days: “Research Path: Innovation
for Creative Economy and Sustainability”. Chiang Mai, Thailand, November 2010.
434
EFFECT OF SOAKING CONDITIONS ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL
PROPERTIES OF RED-JASMINE GERMINATED
BROWN RICE FLOUR
Supanuch Saipang, Niramon Utama-ang and Yuthana Phimolsiripol
ABSTRACT
The objective of this research was to study the effects of soaking temperature
and soaking time on physicochemical properties of red-jasmine germinated brown
rice flour. The experiment was conducted with the variation of soaking temperature
(30 and 40°C) and soaking time (1, 3 and 6 hr). Results demonstrated that soaking
conditions had no significantly effect (P≥0.05) on the chemical composition including moisture, protein, fat and ash content but resulted in increased crude fiber
and decreased carbohydrate content from fermentation. The pH of soaking water
decreased from 6.29 to 6.23-5.71 and affected to the change of pasting properties
of germinated brown rice flour. Increase in soaking time resulted in lower pasting
temperature of germinated flour than non-soaking flour and led to retrogradation
reduction. Therefore, soaking rice with different conditions provided property
modification of rice flour for further development of product from germinated
brown rice.
Presented in the 48th Kasetsart University Annual Conference. Bangkok, Thailand, February 2010.
435
PASTING BEHAVIOR AND FREEZE-THAW STABILITY OF WHEAT,
RICE AND GLUTINOUS RICE FLOURS MIXED WITH
MALVA NUT GUM SYSTEMS
Yuthana Phimolsiripol1, Suthat Surawang1 and Ubonrat Siripatrawan2
1
2
10330, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of crude malva
nut gum (CMG) addition on pasting behavior and freeze-thaw stability of wheat,
rice and glutinous rice flours. CMG was extracted by soaking in water and then
precipitating with 95% ethanol. Pasting behavior and freeze-thaw stability of different flour mixtures with 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 5% of CMG were determined. Pasting
temperature (60-87°C) of the pastes significantly decreased (p<0.05) with increasing
CMG content for wheat and rice flours, while no significant effect (p≥0.05) for
glutinous rice flour. Addition of CMG in all flours significantly elevated (p<0.05)
the peak viscosity by about 0.9-2.6 folds when compared to non-CMG samples. Hot
paste viscosity, breakdown and final viscosity for all flour mixtures significantly
increased (p<0.05) with increasing of CMG which ranged from 81-427, 37-559 and
152-463 RVU, respectively. Freeze-thaw stability measurement showed that higher
level of CMG in wheat and rice gel mixtures could decrease syneresis. However,
CMG had no effect in retarding retrogradation of glutinous rice gel. Adding CMG
into flours alters the pasting properties and syneresis effect. It is revealed that
higher viscosity and lower syneresis of gels could be modified using CMG.
Presented in the 3rd CMU-KU Joint Symposium, Chiang Mai, Thailand, August 2010.
436
QUALITY PARAMETERS AND GLYCEMIC INDEX OF GLUTEN-FREE
COOKIE USING DIFFERENT SWEETENERS
Suchada Nokthuan and Yuthana Phimolsiripol
ABSTRACT
Special diets including low-glycemic index, low-calorie or gluten-free are increasingly interested by consumers in terms of mitigating many diseases or health
problems. This study aimed to investigate the influence of three types of sweeteners (sucrose, maltitol and xylitol) on the quality parameters and glycemic index of
gluten-free cookie made from rice flour. Sucrose in normal cookie formula was
replaced by maltitol and xylitol as sweetness equivalence of sucrose concentration.
Use of maltitol in cookie resulted in significantly higher (p<0.05) L* value than
others, but no significant differences (p≥0.05) were observed in a* and b* values.
Cookie with xylitol had significantly greater (p<0.05) moisture content and water
activity than others which ranging between 2.87-3.68 and 0.2-0.3, respectively. In
addition, cookie with xylitol had the lowest in hardness value. Replacing sucrose
with maltitol and xylitol in cookie resulted in lower glycemic index. Sensory
evaluation revealed that mean hedonic scores of cookie with maltitol were not
significant differences (p≥0.05) in aroma, taste, hardness and overall-liking from
cookie with sucrose. Replacing sucrose with maltitol in gluten-free cookie had
similar physical properties to cookie with sucrose but it is more nutritious by
lower glycemic index.
Presented in the 8th Kaset Naresuan Conference. Phitsanulok, Thailand, August 2010.
437
A Novel Neuro-Fuzzy Method for Linguistic Feature
Selectionand Rule-Based Classification
Narissara Eiamkanitchat1, Nipon Theera-Umpon1,2
and Sansanee Auephanwiriyakul3
1
2
50200, Thailand.
3
Department of Computer Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering Center, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
This paper proposes a new interpretable neuro-fuzzy classification mechanism.
The proposed neuro-fuzzy structure is different from other data analysis mechanisms
previously invented in pattern recognition. General mechanisms focus mainly on
creating predictive data models whereas some useful information inside the process
may be ignored. The proposed mechanism is designed based on the consideration
of feature selection and rule extraction. It is a three-layer feedforward network.
Its structure can be comprehended to logical rules using only selected important
features. We construct a new classification algorithm by using a small number of
features that represent an informative subset of a given dataset. This classifier can
produce good classification results from the direct calculation or from logical rule
extraction. Pleasant performance of classification results are acquired from 10-fold
cross validation testing on several standard datasets.
Presented at International Conference on Computer and Automation Engineering, Oct.
27-29, 2010.
438
Application of Cleaner Technology and Experimental Design
for the Reduction of Chemical Substance Consumption
in the Hard Disk Drive Arm Coil Assembly Process
Premchai Moolla and Rungchat Chompu-inwai
ABSTRACT
The objective of this research is to apply the Cleaner Technology (CT) and
Design of Experiment (DOE) concepts in the hard disk drive arm coil assembly
process, in order to reduce chemical substance (i.e. epoxy and Isopropyl Alcohol
(IPA)) consumption. In the production process, epoxy is used to fix the arms
and coils, whereas IPA is used to clean the arms before they are delivered to the
production process. These chemicals are toxic and cause irritation to workers if
they are not careful. Furthermore, the ineffective use of these chemicals adversely
affects production costs. The research methodology was divided into two main
parts. The first part employed the CT concept to analyze the loss during production, as well as the causes of loss. Opportunities to reduce those losses could then
be recommended. The next step was to further analyze and evaluate a particular
CT opportunity using DOE. In this second part of the research, DOE was used
to reduce the chemicals used in the process by finding the optimum amount of
chemicals used which does not affect the quality of the product. Full factorial
experiment 2k, with two replicates was used for screening the four factors, these
being: IPA, work-piece curing, epoxy usage and air pressure. The response variable
was the arm coil bonding force. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted.
The results of the study show that the optimal operating conditions are: 1) to clean
the arms without using IPA, 2) to cure the work-pieces, 3) the filling of 65 mg of
epoxy between the arm and the coil, and that 4) there is no significant impact of
the air pressure on the arm coil bonding force. The results of the confirmation
test show that the arm coil bonding force is in accordance with customer specifications. The results of the experiment have subsequently been put into practice.
Thus, reducing the amount of epoxy wasted in the production process helps save
approximately 70,208 Baht per annum, while cleaning without using IPA can save
2,154,240 Baht per annum. In conclusion, applying CT and DOE can help to make
overall cost savings of 2,224,448 Baht per annum.
Presented at the 40th International Conference on Computers and Industrial Engineering
2010, July 25-28, 2010.
439
Application of Cleaner Technology Concepts in the Arm
Coil Assembly Process of Hard Disk Drive Manufacturing
Rungchat Chompu-inwai and Premchai Moolla
Mai 50200, Thailand
ABSTRACT
The objectives of this research are to improve raw material and energy consumption efficiency, as well as reduce defects and the use of chemicals in the arm
coil assembly process of hard disk drive manufacturing in the case study company
by applying the Cleaner Technology concepts. The four main sequential steps used
in this research were: (1) pre-assessment, (2) assessment, (3) feasibility study, and
(4) implementation. In the first step, raw data, such as process flows, raw material
usage and defects data were collected. In the second step, the loss during production
and causes of loss were analyzed. Opportunities to reduce raw material, chemical
and energy wastage could then be recommended. The next step was to evaluate
the feasibility and potential benefits of a particular Cleaner Technology opportunity.
Finally, in the last step, after a thorough evaluation and implementation of the
opportunities to apply clean technology, the results showed that Arm Coil defects
could be reduced by improving the production process using the ECRS technique.
ECRS stands for Eliminate, Combine, Rearrange and Simplify. This improvement
reduced arm coil defect rates from 0.48% to 0.15%, thus saving approximately
139,638 Thai Baht per month. In addition, production stoppage decision made by
workers was used to increase employee involvement in defect detection. Allowing
workers to participate in such a decision was an effective way to reduce defect
rate and could motivate workers to produce a better quality job. This resulted in
arm coil defects reducing from 0.41% to 0.025%, with about 74,562 Thai Baht per
month saving. Additionally, an increase in the efficiency of electricity consumption
occurred, by increasing the speed of the infrared oven conveyor belt, improving
average productivity from 533 pieces/hour to 560 pieces/hour, without adversely
affecting product costs and quality, thus producing products of up to the value of
206,242 Thai Baht per month. Furthermore, the new 2-layer curing equipment
was designed, developed and used. The upper layer of the equipment was used for
arm curing and the lower layer was used for arm coil curing. The result of using
such equipment led to a saving of approximately 25,502 Thai Baht per month in
electricity costs, without affecting product quality. The outcome of these Cleaner
Technology applications was that total costs of approximately 239,702 Thai Baht
per month were able to be saved.
Presented at the International MultiConference of Engineering and Computer Sciencetists
2010, March 17-19, 2010.
440
Application of Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process
for Supplier Selection of Automobile
and Electronic Industries
Pongsak Holimchayachotikul1, Komgrit Leksakul2 and Surakrit Nattaradol2
1
College of Arts, Media and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , Chiang Mai University, Chiang
2
ABSTRACT
This paper has three main objectives, the first is to know the priority
of each industry under the same criteria. Secondly, we have constructed the
systematic purchasing evaluation. Lastly, this information can be used for suppliers’ improvement process. Sub-criteria of the paper are Product price, product
quality, process technology, process capacity, delivery time, and credit period. After
we have collected all essence data, gathered, and evaluated them, the result of this
thesis presents a priority of each criterion. In electronic industries, they will focus
on product quality, delivery time and product prices, respectively, while automobile industries will focus on product prices, product quality and process capacity
respectively. After conducting case studies, the appraises can prove that the theory
was absolutely accurate. Thus, this paper has also illustrated the potential of FAHP
to solve multi-criteria decision problems.
Key words: Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process, Supplier Selection, Automobile and
Electronic Industries.
Presented at 2010 2nd International Conference on Information and Multimedia Technology (ICIMT 2010).
441
Automatic Detection of Electricity Pylons
in Aerial Video Sequences
Jittichat Tilawat1, Nipon Theera-Umpon1 and Sansanee Auephanwiriyakul2
1
2
Abstract
Automatic power transmission line inspection with aerial video surveillance
requires that the vehicle-mounted camera can automatically locate electricity
pylons. In this paper, a new approach for locating electricity pylons within video
sequences is proposed. Straight lines in each video frame are extracted with a
two-dimensional separable infinite impulse response (IIR) filter and the Hough
transformation. A technique for selection of lines representing the electricity pylons
is also proposed. The experimental results from a set of real-world video images
are shown in term of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to verify
the algorithm’s detection performance. The ROC curve shows that the proposed
algorithm performs very well and can very much help in the automatic electricity
pylon detection system.
Presented at International Conference on Electronics and Information Engineering 2010,
Aug.1-3, 2010.
442
Bus Stop Selection for Bus System
of Large IndustrialFactory
Raweeroj Jintawiwat
Mai 50200 Thailand.
Abstract
This research is to select bus-stop for bus route system of large scale factory
using clustering techniques. This problem's solution is to find optimal number
and position of bus-stop. Moreover, another objective is to minimize total distance
between residence and bus-stop and number of bus-stop while distance between
residence and bus-stop must less than 2 km. In addition, Global positioning system (GPS) is used to indentify factory, bus stops and possengers' residence. The
Problem instances were demonstrated by real data, 5232 workers of large scale
factory of Thailand. K-Mean, Fuzzy C-Mean, Competitive Learning and Maximin are
perform to solve this problem by changing the number of bus-stop into 100-1000
and use center of group of workers to be the bus-stop. The experimental results
show that the best solution is K-mean, clustering center initialed by Maximin,
with 500 bus-stop. Furthermore, the best solution show total distance is 1,063.65
km/shift and reduce 79 percentages, compare with present solution.
Presented at 2010 2nd International Conference on Information and Multimedia Technology (ICIMT 2010).
443
Characterization on Properties of Modification Gelatin Films
with Carboxymethylcellulose
Fasai Wiwatwongwana1 and Somchai Pattana1,2
1
2
Biomedical Engineering Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Abstract
Effects of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), a derivative of cellulose, blended
with biopolymer gelatin films has been studied. The films were fabricated by blending CMC with gelatin solution in various ratio and casted on glass cover slips.
Thermal and chemical crosslinking techniques were used to induce conjugation
of free amide and carboxyl groups in protein structures of the films. Physical and
mechanical properties of different gelatin/CMC films were characterized by Atomic
Force Microscope (AFM) which scans on film surfaces and evaluates their elasticity.
The physical structures of the films from AFM analysis indicated that increasing of
CMC ratio effected in more aggregated of the protein structures of all the films.
The analysis mechanical properties demonstrated that increasing of CMC ratio in
gelatin/CMC films resulted gradually increasing in modulus of elasticity compared
to pure gelatin films. The physical and chemical crosslinking EDC/NHS in 50 mM
MES buffer in 40% ethanol improved in mechanical strength of all the gelatin/
CMC films by increasing in modulus of elasticity with an average at 62.71±1.69
kPa and 63.24±0.92 kPa, respectively compared to pure gelatin film. These results
suggested that using CMC as an additive and crosslinking techniques including
thermal treatment and EDC/NHS as a crosslinking agent strengthened in protein
structures which enhanced in mechanical properties of gelatin. The additive of
CMC had tendency to display some interesting properties for applying in biomedical
applications.
Key words: gelatin, carboxymethylcellulose, film, Atomic Force Microscope, Modulus of Elasticity
Presented at the First TSME International Conference on Mechanical Engineering, 20-22
October, 2010, Ubon Ratchathani.
444
Design of Signal Control by Using FPGA for Indirect X-Ray
Detector Couple CIS Image Sensor
Suranan Noimanee
Abstract
This research is the simulation phase for a design of indirect x-ray detector
by using contact image sensor (CIS). In this phase present how to create signal
controls. First, SP signal MCLK signal will be created for contact image sensor
part. In addition, ADCCLK signal, SCLK signal and CDSCLK2 will be generated
for analog front-end part. This research was selected Field Programmable Gate
Array (FPGA) for generate signal control which created by counter method from
oscillator (50MHz). All signal control of this phase will lead to the second phase
which should record raw data from contact image sensor and transfer convert raw
data by analog front-end. Then displayed all signal in computer.
Key word: Indirect X-ray Detector, Signal Control, Contact Image Sensor (CIS),
Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA).
Presented at the 3rd Biomedical Engineering International Conference (BMEiCON 2010)
27-28 August, 2010. Kyoto, Japan.
445
Development of Wireless Videonystagmography Recording
for Medical Diagnosis
Suranan Noimanee
Abstract
We designed and development of IEEE802.15.4 standard wireless videonystagmography recording interface to notebook computer for helping the physician
to diagnosis his/her patient, which is based on Electro-oculography transceiver
module with very small transmission power. In this paper we use wireless videonystagmography (WVNG) technologies for testing inner ear and central motor
functions. WVNG testing is considered the new standard for testing inner ear
functions over electro-nystagmography, because WVNG measures the movements
of the eyes directly through wireless cameras. WVNG testing is more accurate,
more consistent, and more comfortable for the patient. By having the patient
more comfortable and relaxed, consistent and accurate test results are more easily achieved. We presented and active eye tracking system that users can use it
in unrestricted posture with different angle and distance to notebook computer.
It can calculate the camera target position. We can choice any user to track eye
gazing. The results provide a useful wireless CCD camera for large motion and
long distance usage.
Key words: IEEE802.15.4 standard, WVNG (wireless videonystagmography), EOG
(Electro-oculography), active eye tracking system, notebook computer, wireless
CCD camera.
Presented at Biomedical Engineering International Conference, The 3nd BMEiCON 2010
BMEiCON-2010, Kyoto, Japan. August 27-28, 2010.
446
Drying kinetics of Longan Flesh at High Temperature
Sarapee Chunthawom, Siva Achariyaviriya, Aree Achariyaviriya
and Kodkwan Namsanguan
Abstract
The objectives of this research were to study the theoretical drying kinetic
equation of longan flesh drying at high temperature and to develop the diffusion
models with Armenius-type equation. The longan of E-dor variety (Dimocarpus
Longan Lour.) was used in this study. The sample sized of 25-30 mm. in diameter
and the initial moisture content of 470-510 %db were tested. The experiments
were carried out in a hot air dryer at the drying air temperature in a range of
100-130°C and a constant air velocity of 0.7 m/s. This longan was dried until final
moisture content of 18 %db. The effective diffusion coefficient was determined by
fitting the experimental data to drying kinetic equation using least square method.
It was found that Model 2, which the Arrhenius factor (DO) was a second-degree
polynomial function of moisture content, gave the highest value of R2 and the lowest value of MRS. The moisture ratios calculated from each model were compared
with experimental result. It could be concluded that the moisture ratios calculated
by using Model 2 were accurate throughout the drying process.
Presented at the 6th Conference on Energy Network of Thailand, 5-7 May 2010, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok.
447
DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF ELECTROCNIC CABINET
Olaree Nawikkawanit and Chayanon Hansapinyo
Department of Civil Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
Cabinet for electronic equipment is required to protect internal electrical
equipments from damage. Especially in seismic zone, structural safety and serviceability of cabinet during a potential earthquake has to be investigated. This
paper presents vibration test for frequency response function (FRF) to determine
natural frequencies of the cabinet. Three dimensional finite element analysis was
also adopted to study dynamic response of the cabinet. The dynamic characteristics
of the cabinet from the two results were then compared with that value recommended in standard of practice in producing the cabinet for seismicity zone. From
the vibration test, the natural frequencies of the first three modes are 9.2 Hz,
19.2 Hz, and 23.6 Hz. The finite element analysis shows the similar trend of the
natural frequencies of the first three modes which are 10.9 Hz, 23.8 Hz and 32.9
Hz. From the vibration study, it can be said that the studied cabinet can be used
in a seismicity area in which the fundamental natural frequency is higher than
the required minimum standard frequency of 6 Hz.
Key words: Electronic cabinet, Earthquake, Finite element analysis, Mode shape
Presented at 3rd International Conference on Geoinformation Technology for Natural Disaster
Management & Rehabilitation, Oct. 19-20, 2010.
448
EARTHQUAKE LOSS ESTIMATION FOR CHIANG MAI CITY
Chayanon Hansapinyo and Bhuddarak Charatpangoon
Department of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai
ABSTRACT
Chiang Mai, the second largest city in Thailand, is located about 700 kilometers
north of Bangkok. The city has a very strategic position, because its location is
at the center of Upper Northern Region, connected to many important cities and
countries in Mekong region i.e. Burma, Laos and China. Seismically, although the
country has long been realized as low seismicity, the present historical seismicity
has proved the city to be classified in moderate risk zone. However, Chiang Mai
has never experienced devastating earthquake in at least the past 100 years, resulting in a very low awareness to earthquake risks. Hence, this paper presents a
spatial study on seismic performance of buildings in Chiang Mai city to establish
earthquake scenario under a magnitude of 6.0 with two assumed epicenters leading to two corresponding seismic scenarios. The results on the building damages
show that the most suffered area was occurred in a high dense building stock
zone. In the 1st scenario, the damage of the building is about 400,000 m2 in
every 1 km2 in or 32% of the entire area. In 2nd scenario, the building’s damage
is about 1,000,000 m2 in every 1 km2 or 80% of the study area. As a result, this
information is good sources to the government officer to manage and used as a
tool to prepare the preparedness plan against this kind of disaster.
Key words: Loss estimation, Earthquake, Preparedness plan, Chiang Mai, Building
damage
Presented at Third International Conference on GIT4NDM 2010. October 19-20, 2010,
Chiang Mai, Thailand.
449
Effect of DSM in Cold Storage on Product Properties
and Electricity Usage
Chutchawan Tantakitti1 and Preecha Sriprapakhan2
1
2
Thailand.
Abstract
Frozen packages of shrimp and bean are stored in a cold room where
temperature is set at -20°C during on-peak and switched to -40°C during offpeak period to reduce energy demands. In this study, effects on frozen products
properties and electricity requirement were investigated. Temperature at various
positions in the cold room as well as core and surface temperature of products and
electricity requirement are monitored. All measurements have been undertaken
and recorded every 6 minutes for at least 9 months. Products are sampled at 0,
1, 3, 6 and 9 month to evaluate physical and chemical properties, and against
both control and international food standards. Preliminary results show that
significant electrical peak reduction of about 54% can be achieved while frozen
products quality remained acceptable, in accordance to international standard.
Key words: Frozen shrimp, Bean, DSM, Thermal storage.
Presented at 23th International Conference on Efficiency Cost Optimization Simulation
and Environmental Impact of Energy System, June 14-17, 2010.
450
Effect of Powder Sized on Heat Transfer Characteristics
of Miniature Sintered-Wick Heat Pipe
Sophon Sinsang1, Phrut Sakulchangsatjatai1, Pradit Terdtoon1
and Nattapong Sangsirakoup2
1
2
Thermal Solution Department, Fujikura Electronics (Thailand) Ltd., Navanakorn Factory 1,
101/2 Navanakorn Industrial Estate, Paholyothin Rd., Klongnung, Klongluang, Patumthani
12120, Thailand.
Abstract
The objective of this study is to experimentally and numerically detemine
the effect of powder sizes on the void fraction, which subsequently affect the heat
transfer characteristics, of miniature sintered-wick heat pipe usually applied in
the notebook computer. The powder size of the wick is a profound influence on
the heat transfer performance, as well as the economic aspect, of the heat pipe.
By using computer program to simulate the void fraction of the sintered wick
made of two sizes of metal powder, and accordingly the mixture fraction of such
metal powder, the optimum throughput heat transfer of the miniature heat pipe
can be predicted. The inputs of the simulation program are size specification, the
thickness of copper powder and powder fraction. The heat transfer characteristics
of the heat pipe will be dtermined by firstly obtaining the void fraction of such
sintered wick. Then the heat transfer rate will be calculated from the void fraction.
The optimum void fraction can be solved as the point at which the void fraction
and heat rate are appropriate on the basis of economic consideration. In order to
validate such calculation, the experiments have been conducted with several kinds
of metal powders. The wick empolys the copper powder with range of diameter of
150-212 and 250-297 micron respectively by wick molding with sintering process.
The miniature heat pipe with outside diameter of 6 mm and the total lengths of
200 mm was used. The wick thickness was fixed of 0.46 mm. Water was used as
a working fluid. From the result, the heat transfer performance at normal state of
the heat pipe with powder fraction of 1:3 has found to be as hish as 25 W which
is quite closed to the predicted one.
Key words: heat transfer characteristics, miniature sintered, wick, heat pipe
Presented at the 2nd RMUTP International Conference 2010.
451
EFFECTS OF SEISMIC FORCE ON MAE THALOP LUANG DAM
Bancha Sinsuksate1, Chayanon Hansapinyo1, Kyung-Ho Park2
and Pennung Warnitchai2
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai
50200, Thailand.
2
School of Engineering and Technology, Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
This study is aimed to investigate the effects of earthquake loading on Mae
Thalop Luang Dam by using 2D plane strain nonlinear finite element analysis.
The finite element modeling adopting gravity turn-on method and the incremental
method were implemented for this study. Dynamic analysis under three selected
time history records, i.e. long duration, short duration and impulsive, were performed. From the results, the gravity turn-on method gives about 2~3 times higher
responses compared to those from the incremental method. For example, under
the three earthquakes, the maximum crest settlement indicating water overflow
during an earthquake are respectively 11.9, 11.5 and 5.6 cm for the gravity turnon model and 4.5, 2.8, 2.1 cm for the incremental model. Moreover, the long
duration earthquake created higher effects compared to other shorter duration
earthquakes
Key words: Earthdam, Earthquake, Safety, Chiang Mai, Mae Thalop Luang dam
452
Experimental Investigation of Closed Loop Oscillating Heat Pipe
as the Condenser for Vapor Compression Refrigeration
Pracha Yeunyongkul1, Phrut Sakulchangsatjatai1 and Afshin J. Ghajar2
1
2
School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater,
Oklahoma, USA, 74078-5016
ABSTRACT
The aim of this article is to experimentally investigate the application of a
closed loop oscillating heat pipe (CLOHP) as the condenser for a vapor compression refrigeration system. Split type air conditioner for residential use has two
major disadvantages. First, it has a large pressure drop in the condenser caused
by the flow of refrigerant inside a very small tube which affects compressor power
and results in a decrease in the coefficient of performance (COP). Second, a large
amount of heat is rejected to the surroundings since the refrigerant has to condense after passing through the condenser. To decrease pressure drop and recover
heat rejection from the condensing process, this study considered using CLOHP
instead of the conventional condenser in the split type air conditioner. The refrigeration capacity was set at 12,500 Btu/h (3.663 kW) with R22 as the refrigerant.
The simulation of CLOHP condenser for the establishment of the optimum size
of the vapor compression refrigeration system was performed using the thermoeconomical method. For the optimum system size, it was found that water as the
working fluid provided the highest net savings. The optimum size of the system
with water as the working fluid consists of a 0.08 meter of evaporator section
length, a 0.1 meter of condenser section length, pipe with an inner diameter of
2.03 millimeter, and 250 turns. Therefore, these sizes were selected to construct the
CLOHP condenser. The experimental results were obtained and compared with the
conventional condenser. It was found that COP of CLOHP condenser with a heat
load of 800 W was decreased by about 32.4 but the pressure drop of the CLOHP
condenser was lower than that of the conventional condenser by about 91.2... In
addition, the energy efficiency rating of the CLOHP condenser was higher than
the conventional condenser by about 13.4%. Finally, the outlet temperature of
the cooling water which recovers heat from the condenser section of CLOHP, was
increased by about 3 ..C. The same trend was also observed for the heat loads of
900 W and 1,000 W.
Presented at International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue,
July 12-15, 2010.
453
Impact of Work-Rest Period on Mental Fatigue
in Inspection Task with Microscope: Case Study
of Hard Disk Drive Component Manufacturing Company
Rungchat Chompu-inwai and Kanitha Yajom
Abstract
In recent years, inspection has declined in importance as statistical process
control has assumed a more prominent role in the quality function. However,
product quality inspection is still an important task in the production of hard disk
drive component manufacturing. In the case study company, which produces hard
disk drive component, inspection occurs at many points in a process. Inspectors
perform 100% inspection using microscope for many hours without adequate break.
After continually monitoring the performance of inspectors, it was found that
certain nonconformities were more difficult to find, the number of nonconformities reported was unusual, and inspectors varied in their abilities. Turnover rate
of the quality inspection division in this company is high. Therefore, this research
aims at determining the impact of working duration and resting time on reducing the mental fatigue in inspection task with microscope in the hard disk drive
component manufacturing. Five types of working duration and resting time were
studied and compared using Randomized Complete Block Design of Experiment
with two replicates. A variety of data collection tools were used to assist in the data
collection. The data collection tools used included bipolar questionnaire, reaction
time, and critical flicker frequency (CFF). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was
conducted. The result showed that, the work-rest period type significantly affects
the mental fatigue reduction as measured by questionnaire scores and reaction
time. However, the work-rest period type significantly does not affect the mental
fatigue reduction as measured by CFF.
Presented at The International MultiConference of Engineering and Computer Sciencetists
2010, March 17-19, 2010.
454
Modeling and Validation of a Single-Cell PEMFC
Chaiwat Pumchat1, Taworn Benjanarasuth1, Nirut Naksuk2,
Waravut Printrakoon2, and Kasemsak Uthaichana3
1
Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology, Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10250,
Thailand.
2
National Metal and Materials Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
3
ABSTRACT
In this paper, the steady-state mathematical model of a single-cell Proton
Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) is derived from the electrochemical reactions. The governing equations are combined to form the overall single-cell PEMEC
model using Matlab/Simulink. The experiments are conducted and the cell voltage,
power, efficiency and humidity at various operating current levels are investigated
and compared to the simulation results. The model has been validated against the
obtained experimental results. It was found that the simulations results based on
the presented model are consistent with the experimental results with minimal
error.
Presented at 4th Asia International Symposium on Mechatronics, Singapore, December.
This work is supported in part by Engineering Research Fund, Sensor Cluster, NECTEC,
Thailand.
455
Noise covariance estimation using dual estimation
for disturbance storm time index application
Boonsri Kaewkham-ai and Kasemsak Uthaichana
ABSTRACT
The disturbance storm time (Dst) index is used for predicting the geomagnetic storm that can affect many systems on earth. The application of the dual
unscented Kalman filter (DUKF) to improve the quality of the D st index prediction by simultaneously estimating the process noise covariance is set forth in this
paper. In DUKF, two unscented Kalman filters (UKFs) are run in parallel. The UKF
applied to a model-based Dst index prediction is so called a state estimator; while
the other, a parameter estimator, is for identifying and recursively updating the
process noise covariance. The performance comparison between the traditional
UKF with fixed constant values of the process noise covariance, and the DUKF
are examined. The actual all Dst and the Dst data during the storm (below -80
nT) are used to assess the quality of the predictions. It is found that root mean
square error (RMSE) of Dst index prediction using the DUKF is lower than that
of the UKF with fixed constant process noise covariances. Specifically, RMSEs of
the DUKF are 6.5816 for all Dst and 18.0615 for Dst below -80 nT, whereas, the
prediction using a fixed constant process noise covariance yield RMSEs of at least
6.6678 and 19.3954 for all Dst and Dst below -80 nT, respectively. Hence, the DUKF
outperforms the traditional UKF with fixed constant process noise covariances in
this study.
Presented at 11th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision,
Singapore, December. This work is funded by Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University.
456
PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF HEAT PUMP DRYER
FOR SMALL INDUSTRY BY DIFFERENT CONTROL METHODS
OF HOT AIR TEMPERATURE
Eakrit Kaewjaren and Siva Achariyaviriya
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chaing Mai University, Chiang
Abstract
The objective of this research is performance comparison of heat pump dryer
with two control methods of hot air temperature. The first method is the bypass
working fluid heat pump dryer (BWF-HPD) which used for reject the extent heat
to external condenser. The second method is the variable speed drive heat pump
dryer (VSD-HPD) which used for control the speed of compressor by inverter for
adjust a suitable flow rate of refrigerant mass for heat load inside the dry chamber.
The material in this research was the 3 mm thickness slide bananas which had
33.6 kg initial weight and the compress cloth fiber sheet which had 31.07 kg initial
weight. The working system of heat pump dryer was the closed loop system at
fraction of evaporator was 70 % and air velocity was 1.252 m/s. The experiment
at 60°C shown that the specific moisture extraction rate (SMER) and coefficient
of performance (COP) of VSD-HPD method higher than BWF-HPD method.
Presented at The 9th Conference on Energy, Heat and Mass Transfer in Thermal Equipments and Process. Prachuabkirikhan, 2010.
457
Power Transfer Capability Enhancement with Multitype
FACTS Controllers Using Particle Swarm Optimization
Suppakarn Chansareewittaya and Peerapol Jirapong
ABSTRACT
In this paper, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed to determine
the optimal allocation of multitype FACTS controllers to enhance power transfer
capability of power transactions between source and sink areas in power systems.
The particularly optimal allocation includes optimal types, locations, and parameter
settings. Three types of FACTS controllers including unified power flow controller
(UPFC), thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC), and static var compensator
(SVC) are used in this study. The objective function is formulated as maximizing
the benefit to cost ratio. The benefits mean increasing total transfer capability
(TTC) with deducting system losses while the cost are the investment of FACTS
controllers installation. Power transfer capability determinations are calculated
based on optimal power flow (OPF) technique. Test results on the modified IEEE
30-bus system from PSO are compared with those from evolutionary programming (EP). The results show that PSO can be used to determine the optimal
allocation of multitype FACTS controllers. The optimally placed OPF with FACTS
controllers using PSO enhance higher power transfer capability than those from
EP. Moreover, PSO gives higher benefit to cost ratio and faster convergence than
EP for all transfer areas. Therefore, this installation is worthwhile and beneficial
for the decision making of investment costs and further expansion plans.
Key words: particle swarm optimization; FACTS controller; optimal allocation;
power transfer capability
Presented at TENCON2010-2010 IEEE Region 10 Conference, Fukuoka, Japan. November
21-24, 2010.
458
PREDICTION OF INITIAL NATURAL DETERIORATION
OF HISTORICAL BRICK MASONRY STRUCTURES
BY ACCELERATION TEST USING SULFURIC ACID
Pitiwat Wattanachai and Bancha Jiwdet
50200, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
This research is aimed to study deterioration and to formulate the equation
for prediction of deterioration of bricksand lime mortar, and to study a relationship
between compressive strength and deterioration depth from exposure surface and
time.The specimens were closed 5 surfaces with epoxy for one side exposing. Then,
they were tested for compressive strength of brick having size of 5×5×5 mm3 at
six layer depths and mortar having size of 10×10×10 mm3 at four layer depths
for a period of 24 weeks. There were three cases of testing program; which were
performed (1) natural deterioration process, (2) accelerated deterioration process
and (3) both natural and accelerated processes. After the experiment, the results
of chemical and physical properties showed that the sulfur compounds and sulfate
salts crystal inside specimens. For the natural deterioration process, it was the
weight and compressive strength of brick and lime mortar gradually increased; and
for the accelerated deterioration process, the first 12 weeks, it can be indicated
that weight and compressive strength increased but the both value decreased after
12 weeks. Additionally, the most-deteriorated layer depth was exposured surface.
Thus, deterioration of bricks and lime mortar depend on layer depth and exposured
time.
Presented at The 6th Asian Concrete Federation International Conference, Oct. 20-20,
2010.
459
PRORISK: A Project Oriented Risk Management Model
Boriwat Suebkuna and Sakgasit Ramingwong
ABSTRACT
There have been continuous attempts to develop a perfect risk model for
software project management. Yet, most of these attempts fail in addressing critical aspects such as lack of practical procedure, incomplete focus on risk facets, or
missing links between software project life cycle and risk management. This paper
proposes a model and framework to solve this problem by integrating various risk
management models on standard project management life cycle. This leads to a
practical approach which can be easily understood and efficiently applied in any
software projects.
Presented at The 2010 International Computer Science and Engineering Conference,
Nov. 17-19, 2010.
460
SEISMIC EVALUATION OF SCHOOL BUILDINGS IN CHIANG MAI
Parinya Khamwongpin1, Chayanon Hansapinyo1,2 and Bhuddarak Charatpangoon1,2
1
50200, Thailand.
2
ABSTRACT
Due to the low self-defensive of school children, the seismic safety and
collapse mechanism of school building have been wildly raised including those in
Chiang Mai, the second largest city in Thailand. It is due to the fact that the city
contains a number of schools and the area is prone to some moderate seismicity.
In this paper, the seismic capacity evaluation of the existing school buildings is
presented. The study first conducts the Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) of existing
school building inventory in Chiang Mai to identify and rank buildings that are
potentially seismically hazardous. Then, more detailed analysis by using nonlinear
pushover analyses under ATC-40 and FEMA-273/274 of a representative building is
performed. The RVS results show that most school buildings are concrete frame
with unreinforced masonry (C3). The RVS final scores indicate a greater risk with
the negative factors i.e. pre-code design, soil condition and irregularity. For the
pushover analysis, typical school building with three story high and one-bay lateral
frame is selected for the investigation. It can be seen that the failure of school
building is initially occurred at 2nd story columns with the occurrence of minor
cracking and then propagate to flexural yielding. Finally, the 1st story columns are
failed by flexural bending and the capacity curve shows suddenly decrease. The
ADRS represents the performance of the typical school building is ranged from
Life Safety to Collapse Prevention. This refers to the underperformance of this
typical school building.
Key words: School buildings, pushover analysis, seismic evaluation, Chiang Mai,
Rapid Visual Screening
461
Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) of Two-Level
Inverter Using TMS320F2812 Digital Signal Processor (DSP)
Yuttana Kumsuwan
Department of Electrical Engineering, Faulty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang
Abstract
This paper describes an investigation of space-vector pulse width modulation
(SVPWM) for two-level inverter. The technique is developed by considering both
continuous and discontinuous pulse width modulation techniques. The implementation of SVPWM in the V/f control of the induction motor is discussed, and
it is found that for SVPWM using currently available TMS320F2812 digital signal
processor (DSP), the SVPWM algorithms were directly programmed in MATLAB/
Simulink software package. Smooth operations during transition from continuous
mode to discontinuous mode are demonstrated through simulation and experimental
results.
Presented at The 33rd Electrical Engineering Conference (EECON-33), Chiang Mai, Dec.
1-3, 2010.
462
The Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Elasticity by Using
the Input-output Method: The case of Thailand
Krissana Romchaiyaphruk, Wongkot Wongsapai and Itthichai Preechawuttipong
Abstract
The primary energy supply in Thailand has been mainly depended on imported fossil fuels. In 2005 commercial energy including coal, oil and natural gas
shared about 83.5% in the total primary energy supply of the country. To see
that current energy production and use patterns rely heavily on the burning of
fossil fuels. This means that the Thailand is using mainly energy sources which
inevitably produce CO2 emissions, a key factor in the greenhouse effect and of
the resulting climate change problem. Thus, the current paper details a proposal
to study the assessment of CO2 elasticity for the Thailand economy by using the
input-output (IO) analysis. Moreover, this study also analyzes the impacts of the
decreasing in final energy demand and changes of energy saving policy (Oil and
Coal) in Thailand. For the analysis, all 180 sectors from the Thailand input-output
table since 2005 will be carefully rearranged and reduced to about 20 sectors. It
is the goal to use the developed model to assess the impacts of the policy on the
economy; for instance, the impact on the final energy demand, the impact on the
manufacturing and economic sectors.
Key words: Input-output analysis, CO2 emissions, CO2 Elasticity, Thailand
Presented at The 3rd Technology and Innovation for Sustainable Development International Conference (TISD2010), Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Thailand. Mar
4-6, 2010.
463
The Furniture Design Research by Creating
with contemporary Cultural Value for Value Added
and Market Differentiated
Pitsamai Arwakulpanich
Thai Art Department, Faculty of Fine Arts, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
Phrae Province is very famous in teakwood furniture for a long time. But
recently, furniture products face a problem in copying each other because the
community can not bring their identity through their furniture products. Causing the problem that furniture products exceed the requirement in the market.
This research has the objective for seeking design trend to build the value on
their furniture products by using Lan Na wisdom. Enhance the prominent point
and value added of furniture products in the sense of designing Lan Na style.
The result of the study can summarize the way of designing furniture products
in the contemporary way by using the applied geometric analyzing from Lan Na
form, which is short, the fort and obtuse go out the top as V-shaped such as Ruen
Kalae which is unique to the North. For example, using the concept of living area
in Ruen Kalae like toen and porch, designing furniture that use in the modern
living room.?
Presented at CMU Art Center, Chiang Mai University from 3th-30th October 2011.
Honorable mention from Lanna Creative Economy Award under the Creative Economy
Project by the group of North province 1 on Friday 5th August 2011.
464
Biomethane: An Alternative Green Fuel to CNG
Koonaphapdeelert Sirichai1, Kantha Uthen2 and Aggarangsi Pruk3
1
2
Energy Research and Development Institute-Nakornping, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai
50200, Thailand.
3
ABSTRACT
A pilot-scale biogas upgrading system based on pressurized water scrubbing technology was installed and tested in a pig farm in Chiang Mai, Thailand,
to convert ordinary biogas from pig manure to biomethane at the production
capacity of 20 1Nm3raw biogas per hour. The upgrading system was continuously
run for six calendar weeks with good stability and was able to produce biomethane
containing approximately 85% by vol. of methane with Wobbe Index of 40.35 MJ/
m3. The biomethane properties were tested using ASTM methods and found to
meet the regulatory CNG standard adopted by Thailand Ministry of Energy. The
capital cost of the biomethane production system was estimated to be 27.7 million
Baht for a capacity of 333 Nm3raw biogas/hr producing 186.5 kg of biomethane/
hr at a unit cost of compressed biomethane gas of approximately 12.28 Baht/kg.
1 Nm3 refers to Normal-cubic meter at 0°C 1, atm.
Presented at “The 7th International Conference on Automotive Engineering (ICAE7 March 28-April 1, 2011”, Challenger, Impact, Muang Thong Thani, Bangkok, Thailand.
Supported by Four-T Farm, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
465
Participation of the Communities to Process Food
in GHP / GMP Guidlines : A Case Study of Red Chili Paste
and Tua Noa Products Community Enterprise
Narong Sikhiram
Home & Communities Division, Faculty of Humanities, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai
50200, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
The study was conducted at 111 Moo 2, Ban-Mae, San Pa Tong District,
Chiang Mai, Thailand. This research aimed to develop a hygienic process of making Nam-Prig-Ta-Dang (red chili paste) and Tua Noa (as Natto) Products. Another
aim was to establish a training center. The study was carried out as a participatory
study, which included seminars and workshops on hygienic conditions for food
production for the participants. The trainings also covered other food production
related topics; including, food production and development, food packaging selection, shelf-life, food preservations, and personal hygiene. The participants in the
study participated in a focus group in which they collaborated in creating quality
manuals. They also took part in analyzing the problems and the possible solutions
as well as a SWOT analysis of their community enterprise. In addition, they collaborated in designing a factory building. In the collaborative learning process, they
shared and learned from one another, generated new ideas in which they gained
confidence in solving problems by process, in the planning and acting processes,
as well as sharing the benefits. Furthermore, this learning process has empowered the participants in solving problems by building multilateral networks. The
participants also became bonded in the process. In addition, new knowledge was
created. Therefore, it could be concluded that this participatory method (i.e. this
research study) has empowered and caused sustainability to this Community.
Key words: Participation, Supporting, Processed Food, Community Enterprise,
GHP, Red Chili Paste
Presented at Oral Presentation in 16th ARAHE International Biennial Congress THEME:
"The Home Economist: Towards a More Sustainable, Commitment-Based, Family-Focused,
Perspective in Addressing Global Issues" on July 25-29, 2011 at the Asian Institute of Management Conference Centerence Center Manila (ACCM) in Makati City, Philippines.
466
The Abstracts
unpublished
DETERMINATION OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES LEVEL
IN FARMER SERA FROM CHIANG MAI PROVINCE
Phraepakaporn Kunnaja, Khanittha Taneyhill and Warunee Kumsaiyai
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
Organochlorine pesticides are a large class chlorinated hydrocarbon chemicals. Organochlorine pesticides break down slowly in the environment and always
accumulate in the human body. The objectives of this study were to investigate
the normal ranges of organopchlorine pesticides contamination and the differences
between the occupational exposed and occupational non-exposed to pesticide. To
estimate levels of organochlorine residuals, we determined serum levels of alphabenzenehexachloride (alpha-BHC), gamma-benzenehexachloride (gamma-BHC),
beta-benzenehexachloride (beta-BHC), delta-benzenehexachloride (delta-BHC),
heptachlor, aldrin, endosulfan II, 4,4’-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (4,4’-DDT),
endrin aldehyde, methoxychlor, endosulfan sulfate and endrin ketone in 53 volunteers
from Chiang Mai and Lumphun provinces, Thailand. The volunteers were divided
into two groups. First group was occupational non-exposed to organochlorine pesticide (4 males, 22 females, 27-69 years old) and was defined as a normal group.
The second was investigated in a population of agricultural workers chronically
exposed to organochlorine pesticides and was defined as a risk group (8 males, 19
females, 39-64 years old). Serum levels of organochlorine pesticides were measured
using gas-chromatography with electron capture detector (GC-ECD). The results
showed that organochlorine pesticides levels in serum of the risk group tended
to be higher than those of normal group. However, these were not statistically
different, excepted for alpha-BHC, methoxychlor and endrin aldehyde. The level of
alpha-BHC (22.5±2.1 ng/ml) and methoxychlor (30.1±8.3 ng/ml) in the risk group
were significantly increased (p value <0.05) when compared with normal group
(21.3±2.2 ng/ml and 26.3±1.5 ng/ml, respectively) and the level of endrin aldehyde
in the risk group (10.9±7.9 ng/ml) significantly increased (p value <0.001.) when
compared with normal group (4.3±1.1 ng/ml). Serum organochlorine pesticides
levels in both two groups were not associated with the frequency of vegetable and
fruit consumption.
Research supported by Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences. Chiang Mai University.
469
DEVELOPMENT OF THE OCCUPATIONAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
FOR DEMENTED ELDERLY
Supawadee Putthinoi and Wannipa Bunrayong
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research was to develop the Occupational Performance
Evaluation for demented elderly according to the cognitive disability frame of
reference of Claudia kay Allen for using in occupational therapy service in these
patients. The processes of this research were divided in three steps. First step
was to construct the assessment. Second step was finding the content validity by
considering form five experts in occupational therapy area. After that the assessment was improved according their comments. The last step was try out that two
occupational therapist used this assessment in thirty older people with dementia
at Chiang Mai Neurological Hospital. Finally, researchers and occupational therapist discussed and improved the content of assessment for using in occupational
therapy clinic. The Occupational performance evaluation for demented elderly was
developed for occupational therapist to indicate problems based on occupational
therapy perspectives. A successful, complete development assessment should come
to be the first step in forming an intervention program.
2010 (unpublished).
470
PREVALENCE OF OBESITY AND COMPARISON OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR
FITNESS IN FEMALE UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS, FACULTY
OF ASSOCIATED MEDICAL SCIENCES, CHIANG MAI UNIVERSITY
Nuanlaor Thawinchai1, Ajchamon Tummachai2 and Pavena Intaraksa3
1
2
Program in Forensic Science, Graduate Student School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai
50200, Thailand.
3
Bumrungrad International Hospital, 33 Sukhumvit 3 (Soi Nana Nua), Wattana, Bangkok
10110, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
The purposes of this research project were to study prevalence of obesity and
to compare the cardiovascular fitness in female undergraduate students, Faculty of
Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University during academic year of 2008.
The students were 20-29 years of age. The study was divided in 2 phases: phase I
was the prevalence study of obesity and phase II was the comparison study of the
cardiovascular fitness using maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) between the
normal body weight group and overweight and obesity group. The results revealed
that there were 39.3% normal body weight, 31.4% overweight and obesity and
29.2% underweight. Fifty-eight and forty-two percent had taken low and high
calorie snack respectively, Thirty-one percent sometimes exercised and sixty-nine
percent did not exercise. When compared the cardiovascular fitness between the
normal body weight group and overweight and obesity group, it was found that
the overweight and obesity group was statistical significant lower in VO2max than
the normal body weight group (p=0.001). However, both groups had a very low
cardiovascular fitness level. Therefore, female undergraduate students, Faculty of
Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University should be encouraged to realize
the necessity of the exercise in order to prevent the risks of the cardiovascular
diseases in the future
Key words: Obesity, cardiovascular fitness, female undergraduate students
2010 (Unpublished).
471
QUALITY OF LIFE AND PERCEIVED HEALTH STATUS AMONG
PEOPLE WITH SPINAL CORD INJURY
Piya Trevittaya and Porntip Wattanavittawat
ABSTRACT
The study of quality of life and perceived health status among thirty people
with spinal cord injury, both genders, who live in their communities was conducted
by two questionnaires: SF-36 Thai version and WHOQOL-BREF Thai version. The
analysis of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient revealed an acceptable internal consistency
of SF-36 Thai version and WHOQOL-BREF Thai version questionnaires in all
areas (α = .88 and α = .72 respectively). The results of the study showed the score
from SF-36 was lower than Thais’ norm in physical component summary score
(PCS) (54.92±14.81 and 63.63 respectively) while as the score of mental component summary score (MCS) was nearly the same level when compare with Thais’
norm (67.73±17.07 and 67.64 respectively). The quality of life among this group
of people was classified in the average level (85.03±9.86) when compare to Thais’
norm. The result showed no correlation between general demographic information
and the scores from both two questionnaires. However, the correlation between
SF-36 and WHOQOL-BREF was found significantly (p≤0.05). These findings were
discussed in term of relationship of perceived heath status and quality of life. The
hierarchy of components of quality of life among this group of people was also
discussed. The suggestion of how to apply the finding in services of occupational
therapy was recommend in this study.
2010 (unpublished).
472
THE RESULTS OF THAI ELEPHANT-ASSISTED THERAPY PROGRAM
ON BASIC SENSORY-MOTOR PERFORMANCE AND ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR
IN INDIVIDUALS WITH AUTISM: A PILOT STUDY
Satiansukpong Nantanee, Vittayakorn Soisuda, Pongsaksri Maethisa,
Sung-U Sasitorn, Pedugsorn Mayuree, Phiraban Chaithaya and Sasat Daranee
ABSTRACT
Objectives: The objectives of this pilot study were to examine the result of the
Thai Elephant -assisted Therapy Program on (1) basic sensory-motor performance
and (2) adaptive behavior in individuals with Autism. Study design: A before and
after design. Setting: Thai Elephant Conservation Center, Lampang and Occupational
Therapy Clinic, Chiang Mai University. Subjects: Four autistic individuals aged between 11-18 years whose parents gave informed consent. Methods: Sensory-motor
performance, including sensory processing, balance and postural control as well
as the adaptive behavior before and after providing the treatment program was
evaluated. The treatment program was provided under supervision of occupational
therapists four days a week continuously for three weeks. Data were analyzed by
using descriptive statistics. Results: The basic sensory-motor performance was
improved. The mean sensory processing was increased 11.45 percents. The total
balance scores of participants were increased 69.16 percents, while the means of
postural control in supine flexion and prone extension were increased 6.85 and
12.09 percents, respectively. All four had improvement in adaptive behavior. Conclusion: Under supervision of occupational therapists, the Thai Elephant-assisted
therapy program was able to improve the basic sensory-motor performance and
adaptive behavior of the four autistic individuals.
Key words: Autistic, animal-assisted therapy, occupational therapy, adaptive behavior
2010 (unpublished).
473
USE OF INTERNET FOR EDUCATION OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY
STUDENTS OF THE FACULTY OF ASSOCIATED MEDICAL SCIENCES,
CHIANG MAI UNIVERSITY
Supawadee Putthinoi and Jiranan Griffiths
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this research was to study Internet usage for education
of occupational therapy students of the Faculty of Associate Medical Sciences,
Chiang Mai University. Data and information were collected from questionnaire
of 214 students. The findings demonstrate that the most students had experience
in using internet more than 3 years and learning how to use by themselves. Most
of the students had own computers with an access to the network at home or
residence. The purpose of using the internet was for searching information. The
most frequent period of time of the most students for using internet was in the
night time and spent time 1-2 hours/each. The popular website is www.google.
com. All of student accessed website www.ams.cmu.ac.th with the purpose to use
teaching evaluation service and web board service, respectively. About using the
computer room service of Associated Medical Sciences, most the students from
second year student to fourth year student used it whereas most the students
from first year did not use it. The majority of the students were high satisfy in
item lighting in computer room, moderately satisfy in items readiness and suitability of computer to service, adequacy of computer to service, the efficiency of
the network system, knowledge and efficiency of computer instructor and advice
about internet using and computer problem solving from computer instructor. All
of student accessed website www.reg.cmu.ac.th with the purpose to use registration
service and student grade acknowledgement, respectively. Agreement about accessing this website, most of the students found very easy to access and comfortable,
474
moreover most of them recognized this website were very benefit for education
in high and highest level. Most of students accessed website KC (Knowledge Creator), but amount of students accessed less than website www.ams.cmu.ac.th and
www.reg.cmu.ac.th. Moreover most of students purposed to use this website for
education and had agreement this website very useful for education in moderate
and high level. Most of students accessed website http://library.cmu.ac.th. Most
of first to third year students used item new book whereas fourth year students
used item e-Journal. There existed usefulness of this website for education in high
level. However, student found some problems during using for example a slow
processing and accessing of internet system, a lack of searching skill and using
very long time to download data. All of students accessed general websites which
were not belong to Chiang Mai University and government to find information
for education. Agreement of most of the students about reliability of information
from these websites was in moderate level. The suggestions of the internet usage for education were as follows: Associated Medical Sciences and Chiang Mai
University should improve homepage and online classroom according to demand
and suggestion form students; and lecturers should recognize to develop online
resources for benefits of the internet for education.
2010 (unpublished).
475
ALTERED EXPRESSION OF P-AKT, AKT (3 ISOFORMS), MMP, VIMENTIN
AND E-CADHERIN IS ASSOCIATED WITH EPITHELIALMESENCHYMAL TRANSITION IN ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
Anak Iamaroon and Suttichai Krisanaprakornkit
ABSTRACT
Aberration of signal transducers in PI3K/Akt pathway has been found in
many human cancers including oral cancer and may play a critical role in carcinogenesis of those cancers. Advanced research on the treatments of oral cancer
using novel agents targeting on PI3K/Akt signaling pathway are now investigated
in many laboratories with promising results. Objectives: The objectives of the
present study were (1) to investigate alterations of the protein expression of pan
Akt and its phosphorylated form, p-Akt, in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)
tissues of 20 Thai patients, (2) to analyze alterations of the mRNA expression of
three isoforms of Akt; Akt1, -2, and -3 and protein expression of pan Akt, Akt1,
and Akt2 in OSCC cell lines and human oral keratinocytes (HOK), (3) to analyze
alterations of the protein expression of vimentin, E-cadherin, MMP-2 and MMP-9
in OSCC and HOK cell lines. Methods: The expression of pan Akt and p-Akt in
OSCC tissues was studied by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression of Akt1,
-2, and -3 in OSCC cell lines and HOK was analyzed by RT-PCR and the protein
expression of pan Akt, Akt1, Akt2, vimentin, and E-cadherin was studied by Western blot assay. The expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was analyzed by zymography.
Results: The results showed that pan Akt and p-Akt were overexpressed in 95% and
100% of OSCC cases, respectively. We observed more intense expression of pan Akt
and p-Akt at the invasive fronts of some OSCC tissues. Pan Akt protein was also
overexpressed in all OSCC cell lines in comparison with HOK. Interestingly, Akt1
and -2 mRNA of OSCC cell lines were only constitutively expressed in comparison
with HOK. Akt3 mRNA appeared to be minimally expressed in OSCC cell lines and
HOK. The Western blot analysis revealed that Akt2 but not Akt1 was overexpressed.
Additionally, vimentin and MMP-2 were up-regulated while E-cadherin and MMP-9
were down-regulated. Conclusions: These findings suggested that overexpression
of pan Akt particularly Akt2 and p-Akt may be involved with OSCC carcinogenesis
and post-transcriptional modification of the expression of Akt isoforms in OSCC
may occur. In addition, OSCC cells may undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) since their epithelial makers/phenotypes (E-cadherin, MMP-9) was
reduced while their mesenchymal markers/phenotypes (vimentin, MMP-2) were
increased.
2010 (unpublished).
476
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF THE PURIFIED ACTIVE CHEMICALS
FROM BOESENBERGIA PANDURATA ROXB. (THAI GINGER, FINGERROOT,
OR GKRA-CHAI) IN CULTURED HUMAN ORAL CELLS
Suttichai Krisanaprakornkit1, Siriwan Ong-chai2 and Wilart Pompimon3
1
3
Faculty of Science, Lampang Rajabhat University, Lampang, Thailand.
2
ABSTRACT
The objectives of this in vitro study were to study the anti-inflammatory
activity of purified active chemicals, isolated from Boesenbergia pandurata Roxb.,
including pinocembrin and pinostrobin, by testing on mRNA expression for all
three isoforms of hyaluronan synthase (HAS), for matrix metalloproteinase-2
(MMP-2), and for matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in primary cultured oral
cells. Moreover, we tested the anti-inflammatory activity of pinocembrin and
pinostrobin on hyaluronan production and MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in
cell-free conditioned media as well as their cytotoxicity to oral cells. Methods:
Pinocembrin and pinostrobin were isolated from Boesenbergia pandurata Roxb.
by different solvents according to a standard protocol, and their molecular structures and purity were confirmed. Two types of oral cells, including oral epithelial
cells and oral fibroblasts, were cultured following a standard protocol to expand
their cell number until they reached 80% cell confluence prior to experimentation. The cytotoxicity of pinocembrin and pinostrobin at different concentrations
were determined by an MTT assay, and the non-toxic doses of pinocembrin and
pinostrobin were then tested for their anti-inflammatory activity. Oral cells were
stimulated with various doses of PMA, a well-known activator, or interleukin-1β
(IL-1 β), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, in the presence or absence of 0-30 µg/ml
of either pinocembrin or pinostrobin. Subsequently, total RNA was extracted and
mRNA expression was analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, conditioned media were collected for analysis of hyarulonan
levels by ELISA and for analysis of MMP activity by gelatin zymography. Results:
It was demonstrated that the percentage of cell survival after being incubated with
either pinocembrin or pinostrobin at 0 to 30 µg/ml was higher than 80 and did
not significantly differ from untreated control oral cells (P>0.05), indicating that
both chemicals were not toxic to both types of oral cells. Both pinocembrin and
pinostrobin could inhibit up-regulation of HAS1, 2, and 3 by PMA and IL-1 β in
a dose-dependent manner in oral fibroblasts. In addition, both chemicals blocked
477
induction of MMP-9 mRNA by PMA in oral epithelial cells, whereas expression of
MMP-2 mRNA in oral fibroblasts was constitutive although cells were activated
with PMA or IL-1 β. Consistent with inhibition of gene expression for HAS and
MMP-9, both pinocembrin and pinostrobin inhibited an increase in the hyaluronan
levels by PMA and IL-1 β in cell-free conditioned media, collected from oral fibroblasts, and an induction of MMP-9 activity by PMA in cell-free conditioned media,
collected from oral epithelial cells, in a dose-dependent fashion. However, either of
these chemicals did not affect MMP-2 activity at all. It is interesting to note that
pinocembrin exerted its inhibitory effects on gene expression, elevated hyaluronan
levels, and induced MMP-9 activity greater than did pinostrobin when the same
dose was compared. Summary: Purified chemicals from Boesenbergia pandurata
Roxb., including pinocembrin and pinostrobin, possess the anti-inflammatory activity, despite their low concentrations in the µg/ml levels, by diminishing gene
expression for hyaluronan and MMP-9 as well as blocking raised hyaluronan levels
and induced MMP-9 activity, resulting from an inflammatory process in oral cells.
This indicates potential applications for these two chemicals in Dentistry. Suggestions for future studies: It is interesting to study the anti-inflammatory effects of
Boesenbergia pandurata Roxb. on other biomolecules involved in inflammation.
It is also interesting to study other biological activities of Boesenbergia pandurata
Roxb., as well as intracellular signaling pathways and receptors on cell membrane
that mediate the inhibitory effects of pinocembrin and pinostrobin.
2010 (unpublished).
478
DEVELOPMENT OF NEWLY REGENERATE DENTOALVEOLAR BONE
WITH TWIN-TRACK DISTRACTION COMBINED
WITH MINISCREW IMPLANTS
Eduardo Yugo Suzuki and Boonsiva Suzuki
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to analyze the maximum insertion (MIT) and removal (MRT) torque values of orthodontic miniscrews inserted in
human subjects. Methods: 280 titanium miniscrews were inserted in several sites in
the maxillae and mandibles of orthodontic patients to provide skeletal anchorage.
MIT and MRT values were assessed with a digital torque gauge. Miniscrews were
divided into two groups; pre-drilling (n = 120) and self-drilling (n = 160), based
on the placement procedure. A force of 50 g was applied with NiTi coil springs 1
week after placement. Torque values were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. RESULTS:
MIT values were significantly higher for the self-drilling miniscrews than for the
pre-drilling miniscrews at the midpalatal suture (21.1±2.2 [mean±SD]; 14.5±1.6
N cm) and at the dentoalveolar bone of the maxilla (12.1±3.1; 7.2±1.4 N cm) and
mandible (15.7±2.3; 12.4±1.2 N cm). In contrast, MRT values were significantly
lower for the self-drilling miniscrews than for the pre-drilling miniscrews at the
midpalatal suture (26.9±2.0; 23.2±2.1 N cm) and at the dentoalveolar bone of the
maxilla (21.1±2.5; 15.8±3.6 N cm) and mandible (24.5±2.0; 17.9±2.3 N cm). Accordingly, the torque ratio of pre-drilling miniscrews was 91.2% larger than that
of the self-drilling miniscrews. Conclusions: These results indicate that a varied
amount of osseointegration occurs between miniscrews and the surrounding bone.
Relatively lower MIT values were more favorable to the occurrence of osseointegration than were high values. Excessive removal torque increases the risks of
miniscrew fracture during removal procedures.
2010 (unpublished).
479
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT PRIMERS AND ADHESIVE RESINS
ON SHEAR BOND STRENGTH OF ORTHODONTIC BRACKET
Supassara Sirabanchongkran and Siriwat Wattanapanich
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mean shear bond strength
of metal orthodontic brackets bonded to enamel surfaces using two commonly
used light-activated adhesive resins and alternation between primers and adhesive
resins. The first brand was Transbond™ XT bonding system, and the second one
was Enlight® bonding system. Thermocycling and non-thermocycling processes
were included in this study. 120 extracted premolar teeth were randomly divided
into four groups of 30. The teeth were pumiced, rinsed, and air dried. There were
four bonding approaches, and each group was divided into 15 for thermocycling
and non-thermocycling process. The first and the forth bonding appraches used
the primers and the adhesives resins from each brand. The second methods used
the first primer with the second adhesive resin, while the third method used the
second primer and the first adhesive resin. After bonding process, all specimens
were stored in distilled water for 24 hours at 37°C. Shear bond strength was
performed using an Instron® testing machine in group I, III, V, VII. Meanwhile,
thermocycling process with 1,000 cycles between 5±2°C and 55±2°C was operated
in group II, IV, VI, VIII, and the shear bond strength was also tested. The cross
head speed was 0.5 mm/min. ARI scores were recorded under 3X magnification.
The mean shear/peel bond strength in the first method was significantly higher
than that of the forth method. However, alternation of primers and adhesive resins
produced no significant difference in bond strength related to the adhesive resin,
which implies a possible clinical use.
2010 (unpublished).
480
IDENTIFICATION OF PREVOTELLA BARONIAE
BY POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION (PCR)
Saengusa Khemaleelakul and Prakaimuk Saraithong
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to develop a method for rapid identification
of Prevotella baroniae. A pair of specific primers was designed and tested by polymerase chain reactions (PCR). The sensitivity of the PCR was 0.75 picogram. The
primers were specific for P. baroniae only. The specific fragment of approximately
848-bp was amplified from both standard strain and clinical strains. The sequences
of amplified products were analyzed and found similar to those of P. baroniae.
Digestion of the amplified products with a restriction enzyme generated a specific
pattern when separated by gel electrophoresis. Our results show that the assay is
useful for rapid identification of P. baroniae.
2010 (unpublished).
481
RESONANCE FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF ORTHODONTIC MINISCREWS
SUBJECTED TO IMMEDIATE OR DELAYED LOADING
Boonsiva Suzuki and Eduardo Yugo Suzuki
ABSTRACT
Purpose: Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) is a reliable, noninvasive method
of measuring dental implant stability in vivo. However, the possibility of using this
method to assess the stability of miniscrew implant has not been investigated.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using RFA to assess
the stability of miniscrew implants placed in different sites in the maxillae and
mandibles of cadavers. Materials and Methods: Ten pairs of dentate maxillas and
mandibles were retrieved from human cadavers. Two hundred self-drilling miniscrew implants of 1.5-mm diameter and 8-mm length were systematically inserted
into the dentoalveolar bones aided by a 3-dimensional surgical guide. Maximum
insertion torque value was recorded during implantation procedures. Assessment
of primary stability was carried out immediately after implantation using the RFA
method, and implant stability quotient (ISQ) values were recorded. Analysis of
variance, Student’s t test, and generalized estimating equation regression analyses
were used to analyze the data. Results: A strong correlation was found between
maximum insertion torque and ISQ values (r _ 0.873). Maximum insertion torque
and ISQ values were significantly higher in the mandible (15.8 _ 3.3 N-cm and
71.7 _ 12.1) than in the maxilla (11.8 _ 3.8 N-cm and 56.0 _ 15.8). Miniscrews
inserted in the posterior region of the maxilla exhibited the lowest ISQ values.
No significant difference among ISQ values of miniscrews inserted in the anterior,
middle, or posterior regions of the mandible was observed. Conclusions: Estimates
of implant stability using resonance frequency analysis are highly correlated with
maximum insertion torque. Further studies to assess the primary stability of
miniscrew implants in the clinical situation are necessary.
2010 (unpublished).
482
EFFECTS OF USING AN INTERNET-BASED PROGRAM TO PROMOTE
HEALTHY EATING BEHAVIOR AMONG THAI EARLY ADOLESCENTS
Nongkran Viseskul1, Natthawan Suwan1 and Latthawat Sonsrinusorn2
1
Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
The Prince Royal’s College, Chiang Mai 50000, Thailand.
2
ABSTRACT
Thailand is similar to many other countries where unhealthy eating behavior
among adolescents is an important contributor to nutritional problems among youth.
Meanwhile, innovative and effective strategies are needed to promote healthy eating behavior among adolescents. The objective of this quasi-experimental research
was to determine the effects of an Internet-based program for promoting healthy
eating behavior among Thai early adolescents on knowledge of healthy eating, attitudes towards healthy eating, eating behavior. The study sample consisted of 76
students who studied in grade 7 at a private school in an urban area of Chiang
Mai. They were randomly assigned into experimental group and control group, 38
in each group. The experimental group used the Internet-based program during
12 weeks whereas the control group received only the normal lecture in the class
and other health promoting activities in the school. This study extended over
a period of eleven months from March 2010 to January 2011. The instruments
consisted of the test of knowledge in adolescence’s food consumption, the attitude
to food consumption questionnaire, the food consumption behavior questionnaire,
and the Internet-based program satisfaction questionnaire. Data were analyzed by
descriptive statistics and t-test. The findings of this study revealed that:
1. The mean scores of knowledge of food consumption, attitude towards food
consumption, and eating behavior among early adolescents after implementing
were significantly higher than that before implementing, at the .05 level.
2. After implementing, the mean scores of knowledge of food consumption,
attitude towards food consumption, and eating behavior among early adolescents
in the experimental group were significantly higher than the control group, at
the .05 level.
The research findings indicate that the Internet-based program was effective
in improving knowledge of food consumption, attitude towards food consumption,
and eating behavior among early adolescents. Therefore, the Internet-based program
should be applied to promote healthy eating behavior among early adolescents and
always updated.
Supported by Thai Health Promotion Foundation (ThaiHealth), February 2011.
483
LESSON LEARNED FROM CHILDCARE CENTER MODEL
IN FACULTY OF NURSING, CHIANG MAI UNIVERSITY
Pimpaporn Klunklin1, Somchit Kiatwattanacharoen1, Nethong Namprom1,
Patcharee Woragidpoonpol1, Jutamas Ponmark2,
Sureeporn Suwanna-osod3 and Pradchayaporn Thisar2
1
School of Nursing University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand.
3
Faculty of Nursing, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
2
ABSTRACT
The lesson learned from the Child Study Center Project, Faculty of Nursing,
Chiang Mai University, was a part of the whole study of “the lesson learned from
child care center pilot program” under the supervision of nursing academic institutions in Thailand. The objective of this study was to review or summarize past
experiences in various aspects learned from conducting child care under the Child
Study Center Project so as to reflect all details of internal and external factors,
either successful or unsuccessful. The participants were 58 children, 24 guardians,
16 child caretakers, and two administrators of the Child Study Center Project, in
order to have a general view of the system framework of the input-process-output
(IPO) model as well as practice guidelines successfully implemented, and guidelines
to problem solving. This descriptive research was undertaken using both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. The quantitative data was analyzed
by using number, percentage, and standard deviation; the qualitative data, content
analysis. The successful input factors of the Child Study Center Project, were the
academic committee from the faculty members of the Department of Pediatric
Nursing, a nurse as a project head who could run the project and perform the task
independently, together with child care workers having more than 10 years of child
care experience, and financial support from the Faculty of Nursing. Additionally,
sets of child care plan and child health promotion guidelines were implemented
in the center Regarding the process, quality control was performed by a child
care team from internal and external agencies under Child Care Center Quality
Assessment by conducting an ongoing research and using the research results to
develop child care activities, and integrating nursing knowledge into practice for
484
the project operation by having nursing students train at or make study visit to
the center. The outcomes revealed that not only the children had benefited from
child health promotion practices but also the guardians, and the child care workers
expressed high levels of satisfaction. Many child care plans and research projects
were developed and emerged continuously. Furthermore, a large number of study
visits were from various national and international academic and commercial
institutions. This lesson learned from the Child Study Center Project, Faculty of
Nursing, Chiang Mai University indicated operational guidelines for child health
promotion in child care center which can be the best model for developing more
child care centers in nursing academic institutions.
Supported by Thai Health Promotion Foundation (ThaiHealth).
485
NORMALCY FROM THE PERSPECTIVES OF CHRONICALLY ILL
CHILDREN, FAMILIES, AND NURSING PERSONNEL
Kasara Sripichyakan and Jutamas Chotibang
ABSTRACT
Normalcy is a concept describing illness in a holistic aspect. However, there
is no clear body of knowledge in this concept. This qualitative study aimed to
understand normalcy of chronically ill children and families. Research participants
included 1) 22 children with cancer or blood diseases (age = 6-14 years, average =
11), 2) 24 parents or child caretakers (1= older brother), 3) 12 all-level-nursing
personnel of Pediatric Unit 5, Maharach NaKorn Chiang Mai Hospital, 4) 30 forth
year undergraduate nursing students, and 5) 5 nursing instructors. Data were
collected through interviews and focus group interviews, as well as drawing or
essay-writing in some children. Content analysis was employed to analyze the
obtained data. It was found that normalcy of chronically ill children and families
was shown from being happy despite of child illness by simultaneously obtaining
therapy and living as usual, as needed, or like others, to some extents in spite of
not wholeness. Abnormalcy of ill children included 5 dimensions as follows: 1)
psychoemotion: irritable, fussy, stressful, quiet, depressed, bored, lonely, homesick,
forced, changed body image, concerned with parents’ well-being, scared of dead
children, 2) physical health: weak, easily tried, slim, easily infected, discomfort,
and painful, 3) decrease intelligence, thinking, and memory, childlike behavior,
4) activities: no schooling, no friends, no playing, no going out to have fun, and
limited areas, and 5) daily living: unfamiliarity, inconvenience, non-tasty food, lost
privacy, safety concern, and travelling problems. Abnormalcy of families included 7
dimensions: 1) psychoemtion: suffering, passion, fatigue, helplessness, uncertainty,
denial, and consideration, 2) physical health: tiredness, rest deprivation, increased
illness severity, 3) lost or changed working, decrease incomes, 4) difficulty in caring ill children: spoiling versus being rigid, overload caring, 5) caring of healthy
children incompletely, health children’s feeling of inferiority, 6) relationships with
spouses: conflicts, disputes, divorce, and 7) daily living: decreased usual activities,
decreased self-care, inadequate rest, and inconvenience. Achievement of normalcy
from children’s and families’ perspectives included 1) child healing by health personnel, parents, and children, 2) balancing between therapy and child life: middle
ways and understanding child life, 3) living normally with changes through doing
486
as usual, as needed, or like others, but modifying or reducing, accepting changes
until being familiar with them, being optimistic, relieving suffering, and taking
self care of the parents, 4) making a child ‘having funs,’ whereas the parents
feeling ‘going to hospital not for funs,’ and 5) obtaining helps. From the nursing
personnel’s perspectives, normalcy could be obtained through 1) curing a child,
2) balancing between therapy and living normally: allowing sometimes and understanding child-parent life, 3) living normally with changes through allowing to do
as usual, as needed, or like others, reminding or monitoring when unforbidden, 4)
giving ‘happiness’ to children, families, (and also personnel) through some activities, such as giving a little gift, organizing play, proving student classes, making
handicrafts to earn some money, etc., by the following strategies: do by heart,
integrate with usual activities, easy, self and other cooperation, good management, and 5) treating children and families as if own families and living at home
through closeness, decorating like a home, reliving suffering, no discrimination,
mourning for the deceased, being patient, and helping about financial problems.
It is suggested that nursing personnel take care of chronically ill children and
their families by balancing between therapy and living a normal life as usual or
like others, as much as possible.
Supported by Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University.
487
ROLE MODEL BEHAVIORS OF NURSING FACULTY MEMBERS
IN THAILAND
Areewan Klunklin1, Piyawan Sawasdisingha1, Nongkran Viseskul1,
Naomi Funashima2, Tomomi Kameoka3, Yuriko Nomoto4 and Toshiko Nakayama2
1
School of Nursing, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
3
Department of Nursing Education, National College of Nursing, Tokyo, Japan
4
Faculty of Health Sciences, Ehime Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ehime, Japan.
2
ABSTRACT
Being a role model is very important in order for nurse teachers to promote
students’ competence and confidence. This descriptive study aimed at exploring the
role model behavior of nursing faculty members in Thailand. The Self-Evaluation
Scale on Role Model Behaviors for Nursing Faculty (Thai version) was used to
collect data from 320 nursing faculty members in eight schools of nursing, four
university nursing schools, one college under the Ministry of Public Health, one
under the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration, and two private schools of nursing.
The results revealed that the mean score of the overall items in the role model
behaviors of nursing faculty members in Thailand, as perceived by themselves, was
at a high level. The scores on each subscale of the role model behaviors also were
high and related to respect for students, enthusiastic and high-quality teaching
activities, showing the value of nursing practice and the nursing profession, social
appropriateness, and ongoing professional development. The results can be used
to further develop nurse professionals and to improve the effectiveness of clinical
teaching in Thailand.
488
THAI NURSING STUDENTS’ ADAPTION TO PROBLEM-BASED
LEARNING: A QUALITATIVE STUDY
Areewan Klunklin1, Pornpun Subpaiboongid1,
Pongsri Keitlertnapha1, Nongkran Viseskul1 and Sue Turale2
1
Faculty of Health Sciences, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Japan.
2
ABSTRACT
Student-centred forms of learning have gained favour internationally over
the last few decades including problem based learning, an approach now incorporated in medicine, nursing and other disciplines’ education in many countries.
However, it is still new in Thailand and being piloted to try to offset traditional
forms of didactic, teacher-centred forms of teaching. In this qualitative study, 25
undergraduate nursing students in northern Thailand were interviewed about their
experiences with problem-based learning in a health promotion subject. Content
analysis was used to interrogate interview data, which revealed four categories:
adapting, seeking assistance, self-development, and thinking process development.
Initially participants had mixed emotions of confusion, negativity or boredom in the
adaption process, but expressed satisfaction with creativity in learning, group work,
and leadership development. They described increased abilities to problem solve
and think critically, but struggled to develop questioning behaviours in learning.
Socio-culturally in Thai education, students have great respect for teachers, but
rarely question or challenge them or their learning. We conclude that problembased learning has great potential in Thai nursing education, but educators and
systems need to systematically prepare appropriate learning environments, their
staff and students, to incorporate this within curricula.
489
WOMAN SEXUAL RIGHTS AS PERCEIVED BY YOUNG ADULT MEN
IN CHIANG MAI, THAILAND
Kasara Sripichyakan and Apirach Indarangkura Na Ayuthaya
ABSTRACT
This study identified relationships between men’s perception on woman
sexual rights (MPWSR) and general, reproductive, and relationship characteristics
of 297 sexually active men (average age = 30.8), through Chi-square test and logistic regression. Significantly (p<.05, Nagelkerke R2 = 0.367, overall statistic =
71.4%), low MPWSR was found among men who were characterized as: young,
short period of Chiang Mai residence (OR=2.24), rural lifestyle, less frequent
drinking, negative gender equality attitude (equal ability OR=0.54, equal decisionmaking OR=3.21), low sex education (OR=3.59), low woman number in sexual
relationships (OR=1.95), and visiting commercial sex workers (0.32). Considering
intimate relationships, low MPWSR were associated with short relationship period,
relationship dissatisfaction (OR=3.21), sexual dissatisfaction, scarce contraception
use (OR=2.78), physical or sexual abuse perpetration, and physical or sexual abuse
victimization. Education about woman sexual rights should be provided to at risk
men, leading to the promotion of men’s and women’s sexual health.
490
Architecture Building Facilities Management
Piyaboon Nilkaew, Ekkachai Mahaek and Surachai Singhtoraj
Faculty of Architecture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
The principal objective of building management is to control facilities planning and facilities operations and maintenance, that effective criteria in strategic
planning about preventive maintenance and predictive maintenance. The key of
success in manage the building and facilities is all about collecting and interpreting
data on diverse facets of property use. Computer databases are the ideal vehicles
in which to log, store and manipulate data; almost unlimited information can be
measured and entered en masse. The strength of such information storage is its
capacity for expansion and the diversity of subject; it becomes large and requires
greater and greater operator familiarity with its structure in order to interrogate
successfully. The ultimate solution is to computer-base the entire operation, by
using the three-dimensional building modeling to control the operation. This
solution will simulate building in virtual environment and the building system
data (Architectural part and Engineering part) will collect in digital data type. The
digital data will classification and made three - dimensional database relations. This
research focus in three section of the operation as three - dimensional database
relationship, topological simulation and smart system, that applied to generate
the prototype building management application “Architecture Building Facilities
Management: ABFM”.
Supported by the Thailand Research Fund.
491
Performance of Chimney Techniques:
Case of Chiang Mai House
Yuttana Tongtuam, Ekkachai Mahaek and Sethapong Sethabouppha
Faculty of Architecture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
Design using natural ventilation techniques is one choice that helps people
feel comfortable more than. From the influence of wind speed accelerate the
evaporation sweat and rancid moisture. But some area can’t get natural ventilation
because around the building is near the traffic, air pollution and heat or that has
Building density. Then it has a little space and distance sufficient to result from
the flow of wind. The objectives of this research are study the potential design
of chimney for Thailand in case of Chiang Mai house. And provide guidelines
for chimney design for one storey, two storeys and more than two storeys of the
house. Those are study for chimney technique that not considers the influence of
wind outside the building. This study used weather data of Thailand and used bio
climatic chart to compared and evaluated human comfort. This study analyzed data
by math model. Consideration compared real condition from operating building
for test the possibility. The results showed that height mass building is the best
case and low mass building is the worst case for get human comfort compare
with outside climate building. Because height mass building affect very different
temperatures forward low mass building. When chimney is higher affect speed
of wind or ventilation rate is increasing in rate decreased follow from Chimney
height. Height mass building has clearly Differences more than low mass building. Ventilation rate in building is 7 times of volume inside enough when design
height mass and low mass building. And mass of building affects to decreases
heat from outside building (Not hot or cold) so feeling to human comfort more
than outside climate. So considered effective of chimney must to has two relative
parameters are height and mass of building. Other parameter is area of opening
affects to increases ventilation rate follow from area and ratio of inlet and outlet
opening. And the best design building in rural area of Chiang Mai is height mass
building for every height distance of chimney then felling comfort.
Supported by the Chiang Mai University Fund.
492
Application of Lean Thinking for Waste Reduction
in Hard Disk Drive Manufacturing
Sakulrat Kunyatep, Songkran Panthurat and Rungchart Chompoo-inwai
Abstract
Hard disk drive (HDD) manufacturing is one of the industries that are
highly competitive. Although demand for HDD in mobile and consumer applications is still growing, to survive in the current global economic recession, HDD
manufacturing companies have to reduce their cost to the lowest level. In addition, the HDD business is changing all the time due to continuous technological
development. The survivors must provide customers good quality, with low cost
and with shorter lead time. The objective of this research is to eliminate wastes
in the HDD manufacturing process using Lean concepts with the ultimate goal
of shortening the production lead time. The studied was carried out in one of the
HDD manufacturing companies in Thailand. The study began with the construction of the present and future states of value stream mapping (VSM) to identify
waste and its sources. Related activities were analyzed and classified into two
groups: value added and non-value added activities. Lean thinking techniques
such as Lot Size Reduction and Small Lot-Conveyance, and ECRS were proposed
to eliminate non-value added activities, as well as wastes in the process. Related
data were obtained from the manufacturing plant, and an Arena simulation model
was developed to stimulate the proposed approach. The results indicate that, by
applying Lean principles, the case study company’s production efficiency could
be improved. Three main wastes in the process consist of waiting, inappropriate
processing, and unnecessary or excess motion could be decreased from 75.35%
to 58.22%. Production lead time could be reduced from 49 hours, 27 minutes to
40 hours, 59 minutes or about 17.13%
Key words: Lean Manufacturing, Waste Elimination, Hard Disk Drive, Production
Lead Time
2010 (unpublished).
493
Continuous Combined Infrared and Hot Air Dryer
for Laboratory Scale
Kittichai Sucomma and Kodkwan Namsanguan
Abstract
The objectives of this research were to develop and test a laboratory scale,
continuous combined infrared and hot air dryer for drying whole longan. The dryer
consisted of a 0.60 x 0.60 x 1.50 m3 drying chamber having the product capacity of 15 kg of longan, two components of heat equipments i.e. a 5 kW infrared
heater controlled by adjusting the electric voltage and a 15 kW electric air heater,
a 0.37 kW centrifugal fan for forcing air into dryer, and a 1.5 kW electric motor
for driving the belt conveyer. The flow rate of product was 5 kg/hr. For preliminary tests, dryer was firstly operated without product at air velocities of 0.5-2.0
m/s to study the velocity distribution inside the drying chamber and at drying
temperatures of 40-80°C, velocities 0.5-1.5 m/s and infrared power of 1.5-3.5 kW
to study the temperature distribution. Drying experiments were then performed
on a dryer at drying temperatures of 40 and 80°C, an air flow rate of 1.0 m/s and
an infrared power of 2.5 kW to evaluate the dryer performance. Longan with the
initial moisture content of approximately 240-280% db. was dried until the final
moisture content of around 18% db.
Key words: Conveyer/ Dryer/ Hot air/Infrared/Longan
2010 (unpublished).
494
DATABASE FOR LAND USE PLANNING IN CHANGPUAK MUNICIPALITY
Sudarat Auttarat1 and Sarawut Pongleerat2
1
Social Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Department of Geo-Informatics, The Far Eastern University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.
2
ABSTRACT
Changpuak municipality is the affected area from Chiang Mai city expansion
and also relate to major educational institutes cause perpetually more density
of residential and commercial activities in this area that initiate rapid land-use
transformation without proper urban planning especially in disperse of residential
land-use increase number of dormitory, condominium, urban village, etc. These type
of improper land-use create problems to overall environment and perspective. This
causes led the research to produce database from the study and basic analysis in
physical, economic, social, demographic and city labor in consist of survey in current
problems in the area to support prospective of urban planning and/or urban design
in more proper land-use. The Result of this research obtained from field survey
and questionnaire showed that the problems in Changpuak municipality must be
resolve urgently has 5 problems; That is flooding and drainage, traffic jams, acoustic
pollution, car parking obstruct the traffic flow and high rise building. From the
thoroughly analysis found the major cause of problems came from increasing of
dormitory, condominium and mansion. Some of these building construct incorrect
from the applicant and violated building regulation or even alteration of building
without permission and also building owner thrust the burdens to the public such
as lack of parking lot in their building cause resident to park their cars in public
streets which affect the flow of traffic in street and consist of widen of the street
that was not planned for accommodate high volume of traffic. The constructions
also impede the flow of drainage resulting in flooding in some area. Therefore it
has additional problems such as wastewater and sewage management, Unstable of
natural and built environment balance, shortage of water supply, pollutions, rapidly amount of wastes increasing, etc. From the analysis, the mentioned problems
indicated that most of the problem derive from improper land-use planning and
also affect more problematic conflict between local habitats and entrepreneurs.
These problems need a solutions that led by local government agency to provide
and declare the proper land-use planning that arise from intrinsic area potentials
and public participation to reduce those land-use contradiction.
2010 (unpublished).
495
The Knowledge Management in Lan Na Traditional
Medicine: A Case Study of Mareng (Baheng) Illness.
Panpen Kruathai1, Nitaya Boontim2 and Amornrath Feungworatham3
1,3
2
ABSTRACT
Based on the study of 34 Lan Na manuscripts on the traditional medicine,
the project titled, “The Knowledge Management in Lan Na Traditional Medicine: A
Case Study of Mareng (Baheng) Illness,” has made the 2 conclusions about mareng
(‘baheng’ in the Northern Thai dialect). It was divided into 2 groups. First, Mareng
(Baheng) which means a disease having symptoms similar to skin disease such as
itching, rash, boil, saan. It is not a severe disease, e.g. mareng khai pla, mareng
fa-mahn, mareng fai. Second, Mareng Kut (Lom baheng kut) is a disease encompassing all symptoms of the wind element and pain or other symptoms that occur
on different spots on the body such as mareng kut headache, mareng kut which
appears on the eye, mareng kut sinnibaht klang lai. These kinds of mareng were
curable. The mareng therapy included the use of medicinal plants in conjunction
with chanting magical formulas and performing a ritual according to traditional
belief. As for the use of herbs, it was found that of the 300 tam rab, 155 were
used for curing mareng; and of 368 tamrab, 140 were used for curing mareng
kut. However, there are 19 types of herbs that are endowed with properties for
curing the diseases in the mareng group. We have noted the frequency of herbs
mentioned in the aforesaid medicinal texts. Ranking from high to low, we have
found the following: khao chao (200), thua poo (130), phuk waan (91), pung dau
(71), rang yen (64), ngaa chang (60), phuk diid (50), luem dam (46), joi nang
(45), huan moo (41), lab muen luang (41), phuk khao (40), phuk khab (38), jii
puk (34), nam man ngaa (33), lom lang (27), khi lek (27), pid piew daeng (26),
and khao min (25). The above-mentioned herbs are medicinally important. Thus,
related studies should be made of them in pharmaceutical sense. Also, they should
be widely cultivated for use in health care, marketing, and sustainable development.
2010 (unpublished).
496
URBAN PLANNING PRACTICE TO SUPPORT CHIANG MAI CITY RENEWAL
Duongchan Charoenmuang1, Pranom Tansukanun2, Isara Guntang3,
Nantaka Nimmanwattana4, Kanokwan Kotchasee3,
Wittaya Daungthima2 and Sudarat Auttarat1
1
Faculty of Architecture and Environmental Design, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290,
Thailand.
3
Faculty of Art and Architecture, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Chiang Mai
50200, Thailand.
4
Independence Researcher.
2
ABSTRACT
To provide well-being to public is one of the purpose for good urban plan
which led urban planners must focus on people more than building in city; thus
this research conformed the concept of healthy city to Chiang Mai city which is
urban plan for the people by public role that determined the content and support
the discourse that the city will be more liveliness if it have well planned consist
of the citizen live in good health and well-being activities. To drive this sustainable urban development idea process with the participation of all sectors. City’s
problem and potential was analyzed in this research to distribute concept in city
level, district level and local area level. The result indicated that Chiang Mai city
have potential in many ways which are 1) Good physical shape of city; Settle on
intermountain plain between Suthep hill (DoiSuthep) on the west and Ping river
on the east which making Chiang Mai in good water flow that have natural water
source and drainage, respectively. 2) Wat phra that DoiSuthep (phra that DoiSuthep
temple) the most valuable spiritual meaning and religious place in Chiang Mai
either symbolical, mental and settlement-historical values. 3) DoiSuthep (Suthep
hill) which is important cognitive meaning element of landmark. 4) Chiang Mai is
historic old town that still have dense residential area. It’s an advantage in the way
of making livable city; Conform with the healthy city concept. The good historic
city must have well-being city life and adjacent of activities. In addition there are
problems such as lack of green areas, traffic, pedestrian continuity problem, lack
of parking space, high rise building and etc. The analysis of potential and problems led healthy city urban development guideline that provide in three level of
target areas which are Chiang Mai municipal city area, Srivichai sub-district area
and Suandok - Nimmanhaeminda local areas. According from public forums that
cast vote (Selection of target area) and comments derive from governing, private
and public sector in each level to guideline the well-being urban development in
Chiang Mai healthy city in the future.
2010 (unpublished).
497
Drawing creation of human forms inspired by line colour
Form and texture in ceramic art
Pakit Bunsut
Sculpture Division, Department of Printmaking, Painting and Sculpture, Faculty of Fine Arts
ABSTRACT
Drawing is one part of the roughly way to express the idea of an artists before
they start to create their own art works. Normally most artists chose a drawing
technique to find out their own art style and process to create a real piece so
drawing seems as the original idea of visual art such as painting, sculpture and
printmaking etc. The drawing may tell the viewers about the emotion and all
kinds of people’s feeling including the previous happened stories in the past. Artists normally transfer their own idea into their hands with some movements by
using an object around them as a piece of wood, stone, charcoal, soil to memorize
and express their imagination. With my own sculpture art experiences cooperated
with a ceramic technique. I have a great inspiration to create my own style of
drawing. It represents mainly about my imagination of human’s story by using
the element as color, form and texture. All of my art pieces express the feeling of
pressure, sadness and suffered combined with human’s actions by using clay as a
media to transfer all of these idea into the drawing of ceramic art, including the
previous ceramic technique to create this project higher value and aesthetics.
2010 (unpublished).
498
Hill Tribes; Beliefs and Ways of Life towards the Creation
of Contemporary Sculpture
Soontorn Suwanhem
ABSTRACT
This research titled “Hill Tribes; Beliefs and Ways of Life towards the Creation
of Contemporary Sculpture” presents a specific individual view on beauty through
a combination of art, culture, customs, and local traditions of people living in the
lowlands with the beauty of the ways of life, traditions, arts and culture of the
hill tribe people. The hill tribes’ ways of life incorporates values and a philosophy of self-sufficiency in accordance with the circle of life that was founded by
the ancestors which should be preserved for the future generations so that they
can absorb the civilization of their different tribes. This may be difficult for us,
people from the lowlands, to understand. What can still be seen is a residue from
a culture that has cultivated pure spirit and has spread towards every corner of
life in that society. No matter where, the ways of life, the roots, the beauty, the
love, still exist. Life’s aim is to live together in harmony with the world. There are
many thinkers, writers, from the humanities, the social sciences, etc...who have
taken this as the basic concept for their work. This also goes for the researcher.
I use the knowledge I have on sculpture, search for a certain identity, symbols
representing beauty, style, form, technique, materials structural method, using
the concept as above, and, through my imagination, create and describe certain
forms from my dreams, create mysterious images, communicate topics that reflect the soul and identity of local people from the lowlands and the highlands
in harmony. I use the language of sculpture, which, even though there may be
some confusion concerning information, style, technique and method, the structure of the work reveals the wisdom of the villager. I find it profoundly valuable
for the younger generations that they should learn about the cleverness of their
Thai ancestors.The researcher has investigated the content of the research “Hill
Tribes’ Beliefs and Ways of Life towards the Creation of Contemporary Sculpture”
using five chapters. The first chapter deals with the importance, origins and the
499
problems encountered in this research. The second chapter deals with topics on
creativity. The third chapter explains the method and proceedings used to create
the work. The fourth chapter contains an analysis of the creative work. The fifth
topic is a summary of the research. Furthermore, this research, namely a work of
sculpture, has been presented to the public at different locations both in Thailand
and abroad. This information is gathered in appendix 1 and 2 which completes
the research process. The chapters as described above are only topics. For those
who are interested, the detailed content must be read and studied. They may get
inspired by the content, the style, form, technique, materials, or the different
methods used in the creation of this work of sculpture.
2010 (unpublished).
500
SUSTAINABLE EFFICACIOUS THE RENOVATION OF HUMAN MIND
Peerapong Doungkaew
ABSTRACT
Modern society, especially in big cities where economies continue to progress at a rapid pace, is home to people who have migrated from many different
areas, and do not have a close relationship to each other. Instead, they compete
with each other in order to gain benefits, leading to stress and sometimes mental
illness, as often they live unhappily, and so turn to drugs and violence instead,
ruining their own lives, the lives of their families, and eventually the economy and
society. In contrast, in rural or agricultural society, the social environment covers paddy fields, rivers, canals, schools, clinics, fresh markets and temples, where
people can carry out religious activities. They have a tight-knit relationship, as
they see each other every day when they go shopping at nearby of a community,
other will help and send information throughout the rest of the community. This
kind of society is called and ‘open society’ Open societies can easily be influenced
by outside forces and civilizations, particularly if people in such a society do
not fully understand the roots of their culture, do not adapt themselves to their
changing social environment while still preserving their own identity, of if they
do not properly adjust themselves to a dynamic society. The author lives close by
an agricultural society, and has been impressed by the closeness shown among
people living there, as if they were relatives. Moreover, there people live their
lives in harmony with nature and the environment, exploiting resources only as
necessary, and live at a slow pace through their agricultural work, based on the
philosophies of a sufficiency economy, sharing among, and maintaining a positive
mental health. Impressed by the way of life in agricultural society, the author
reflects this feeling through the creation of a sculpture that represents love and
care, the relationship among humans and the relationship between humans and
nature, plus portrays attractive cultural characteristics, and an appropriate adaptation to modern society. This creative research is divided into six chapters, these
being : chapter one, which includes the background to and purpose of the research
501
and the research methodology; chapter two, which provides and explanation of the
concepts and inspiration for the work, and the includes an analysis of the artistic
visual elements; chapter five, which includes an explanation of the reasons behind
the selection of the materials and the creation of the work, and chapter six, which
concludes on the research required for such an artistic endeavor.
2010 (unpublished).
502
Ta-Lung of Modern Technology
Sugree Gasorntgatsara
ABSTRACT
The creation of an art piece based on traditions from the Southern part of
Thailand fused with modern day technology, especially the computer. The uniqueness of the piece lies in the presentation of the story through crafted leather
sheet characters that are animated from behind a screen that separates them from
the audience, a light source is shone from the back casting the shadows of the
characters onto the screen. The story that is narrated through the movement
of shadows, instead of being viewed from a screen, is viewed instead through the
computer screen. This form of art is termed mixed media art, utilizing materials
including rubber, computer screen, wood, light bulb, for instance. This piece is
named Ta-Lung of Modern Technology.
2010 (unpublished).
503
Transforming Chiang Mai: Creative Photography
by Plastic Camera Holga
Assada Porananond
Photographic Art Division , Media Arts and Design Department, Faculty of Fine Arts, Chiang
ABSTRACT
The objective of this creative research is to describe the working procedure of
photographic project “Transforming Chiangmai : Creative Photographic by Plastic
Camera Holga” in 3 sections, which are Conceptual Process, Character of the Camera
and Production Stage. It also tends to analyze problems, decisions, and reasons
of the working process. The topics of this creative research come from the idea
of transforming Chiangmai city by integrating analog process with digital process
to create City-ness that researcher interpreted into conceptual framework.
2010 (unpublished).
504
Laws and Custom in the Management of Natural Resources:
Comparative Case Studies of the Karen in Mae Wang District
and the Community Forests Management
of Chiang Dao District, Chiang Mai Province
Boochoo Na Pomphet
Faculty of Law, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
This project compares Case Studies of the Karen in Mae Wang District and
the Community Forests Management of Chiang Dao District ,Chiang Mai Province.
The results of this study are taken into account when making suggestions for the
improvement of legal community right affirmation in Thailand. The study results
showed that, in foreign countries, the community right had been legalized in both
international and domestic laws, and also in court judgments. This legalization
system played important roles in the affirmation of community right based on
norms and traditions of the community. In Thailand, although the constitution
B.E. 2540 and B.E. 2550 stated the affirmation of community right, there were
no laws issued to confirm the right. For example, the community forest law was
still not issued. The court judgments according to the written laws and other
considerations of technical problems did not involve community rights at all. These
practices caused the problems of community right affirmation in Thailand which
cannot be further developed. Therefore, the affirmation of community right in
Thailand must be processed under some extended laws. The scope of community
right affirmation and the court judgment must take norms and traditions of the
community into consideration. They must not be too restricted by written laws
and technical problems. This project is an example of Laws and Custom in the
Management of Natural Resources that will help support the legal community
right affirmation and provoke thoughts or concepts for the further development
of the issue.
2010 (unpublished).
505
Project on Empowering Community to Combat Smog Crisis:
A Research Study for Alternative Solutions to Smog
Problems and Watching Network Development
Pairat Trakarnsirinont
Faculty of Political Science and Public Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai
50200, Thailand.
ABSTRACT
The project has objectives to specify forest fire and man-made burning area
using geographic information system and to propose alternative approaches for
local citizen dealing with the smog and fire from agricultural remains following
harvest season. The project made policy proposals on roles of government agencies especially local government administration and roles of local citizen to make
collaborative efforts and consciousness in combating smoke and fire problem
within the research areas. The project held 10 workshops in 12 local communities in Chiangmai, Lam Phun, Lam Pang, and Mae Hong Sorn for the participants
concerning processes and approaches to prevent and solve the smog crisis. The
1,114 participants comprised of community leaders (692 persons) and youths (422
persons). Further, the project distributed 10 small and medium size grinding
machines to potential communities facing smog crisis.
Research fund supported by Chiang Mai Province.
506
Project on Empowering Community to Combat Smog Crisis:
Community Development Activities to Build Solution
Learning Sites within Communities
Pairat Trakarnsirinont
Faculty of Political Science and Public Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai
50200, Thailand
ABSTRACT
The project has objectives to select 2 communities in each 25 Amphor of
Chiangmai Province facing high smog risk but potentially cooperating with learning networks for preventing and solving smog crisis. The project held workshops
promoting alternative approaches deriving from research that has suitability for
the local context in avoiding fire following post-harvest season. In the workshops,
participants learned useful knowledge, choices of operations, technology know-how
and local collaborative management to deal with the smog crisis sustainably. The
workshops began January, 27, 2010 and ended in June, 21, 2010 that made a total
of 14 events for 1,580 participants all together. The participants comprised of community leaders, civil officers, citizen, and youth. Further, the project provided 50
revolving funds, called “Community Empowering Fund to Combat Smog Crisis”
for 25 Amphor in Chiangmai Province (25,000 baht each). Some potential communities also received small and medium size grinding mechanism (12 machines)
to network with the project administration.
Research fund supported by Chiang Mai Province.
507
The Changes of Working Procedures and Public Service
Delivery Process of Regional Public Organizations
in Chiang Mai Province to Comply with the Policy
on Citizen-Centered Governance
Thanyawat Rattanasak
School of Public Administration, Faculty of Political Science and Public Administration, Chiang
ABSTRACT
This research, “The Changes of Working Procedures and Public Service Delivery
Process of Regional Public Organizations in Chiang Mai Province to Comply with
the Policy on Citizen-Centered Governance”, aimed to: (1) study the strategic planning development process of the Thai public organizations and its implementation;
(2) study factors affecting the citizen-centered governance policy implementation
of regional public organizations in Chiang Mai Province; (3) study the changes
of working procedures and public service delivery process, paradigm, culture, and
value of public officials in response to the citizen-centered governance policy; (4)
offer recommendations to the Thai public organizations in order to adjust working procedures, public service delivery and government official’s value; and (5)
utilize the research results in the teaching and learning in the course of Public
Administration study. Qualitative research methods, including the examination of
documentary evidences, the survey research of 37 regional public organizations,
and the interviews of 18 key informants, were used in this research. The findings
revealed that: 1. Following the governance reform in 2002, the Thai public sector
has employed the Result-based Management in its new public administration form.
According to this reform, the Thai Government and the public organizations have
to formulate their four-year strategic plan as well as annual action plan in order
to request for the budget from the central government. In addition, each central
public agency has to sign performance pledge that will be used to evaluate its
performance in order to get incentive from the Government. Therefore, after the
governance reform in 2002, the Thai public agencies have to set up clear goals
and indicators in their public administration. 2. After the formulation of a fouryear strategic plan, the central public agency will disseminate strategic issues,
goals and indicators as a strategy map to its field offices. Field offices in regional
508
area will implement these strategic issues as programs and projects. 3. Regional
public organization in Chiang Mai Province has been responsible for implementing
strategic issues set by central public agency. Thus, the regional public organization will have to formulate its annual action plan and adjust its working process
and public service delivery with the supports from the central public agency in
terms of resources and technology. Furthermore, the regional public organization
will improve its working process and public service delivery in order to meet its
customer satisfaction since all public agencies will be evaluated their performance
using Balance Scorecard in the second dimension (i.e. quality of public service).
This improvement includes setting projects to adjust paradigm, culture, and values
of its staff in order to improve public service delivery quality. It can be said that
this change of public organization has clearer goals than the adjustments in the
past. 4. The implementation of the citizen-centered governance project has been in
accordance with the four-year strategic plan of the of regional public organization in
Chiang Mai Province which will improve public service delivery process and solving
people’s problem. 5. Even though human resource is an important factor for public
administration and public service delivery; members of staff, especially temporary
staff who have been assigned to work closely with customers, did not have the
opportunity to attend training program. This was due to the public organizations
did not have sufficient budget and regulations for professional development.
Research fund supported by Faculty of Political Science and Public Administration,
Chiang Mai University, Fiscal Year 2009.
509
The Factors affecting tourist decisions in services selection
of Boutique Hotels in Chiang Mai Province
Pawini Temdi
College of Arts, Media and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
ABSTRACT
Considerate the factor of traveler who becomes the customer of the boutique
hotel in Chiang Mai will produce reliable reference to be the guidance for both
traveler who interested in the area of service, and the hotel itself. The research has
done by questionnaire which collected from Thai and foreigner guess that stay in
boutique hotel in Chiang Mai. With statistical method generated us the indicator
of factor which encourage being the hotel’s customer. The research has shows
obvious distinguishing of guess that prefer to stay in boutique hotel in Chiang
Mai. The majority of traveler guess in the hotel expected unique style of hotel
decoration, which is an influence from Northern Thailand couture. The product
of boutique hotel and aspect are the foremost factor what convincing traveler to
come to the hotel. The hotel service which provide the best service always be appreciated from customer, when can understand what customer want and achieve
to serve all requests. These are other factors that produce the positive result of the
hotel business. To be the reasonable price is most reverent concern for the hotel,
boutique hotel should not be exceeding twice price of service than regular hotel
style. Promotion package including long-term stay plan would be eligible for gain
reservation demand for the business. The hotel necessitates using CRM (Customer
Relationship Management) to maintain customer contentment, and inspire them
to return again. Not only facilities conventional, cleanness, and truly relaxing
environment, but also including well planning public relation is the matter of fact
of successfulness of the boutique hotel business.
2010 (unpublished).
510
Index
A
Aatit Paungmali
5, 6, 9
Abdalla Muna Ali 369
Abhinav Kulkarni 179
Achalapong Jullapong 265
Achara Eksaengsri 13
Adpakpang Kanyaporn 381
Advincula Rigoberto C. 241
Aekarin Inpramoon 120
Afshin J. Ghajar 453
Aggarangsi Pruk 465
Agnes Guerci-Bresler 32
Ajchamon Tummachai 471
Akira Ito 56
Aliakbar Akbarzadeh 155
Amar S. Bhalla 81
Amnauylawjarurn Teerachai 246
Amornlerdpison Doungporn 215
Amornrath Feungworatham 496
Amornthammarong Natchanon 203
Ampica Mangklabruks 3, 4
Ampun Chaitongsri 3, 4
Anak Iamaroon 476
Ananta S.
263, 264, 267, 309, 377
Ananta Supon
221, 244, 261,
279, 334, 379, 403
Anchaya Dutjanuthat 35
Angela Rory 58
Anil Prakash 57
Annette H Sohn 23
Anong Suntranon 3, 4
Anucha Promwangkwa 139, 150
Anuchart Matanasarawoot 35
Anukoon Siripan 415
Anuluck Junkum 29
Anuntalabhochai S. 345
Anuntalabhochai Somboon 331
Anyarat Wongkhot 417
Apichart Chotchuen 110
Apinun Aramrattana 61
Apirach Indarangkura
Na Ayuthaya 490
Apisit Sancom 122
Arakawa Osamu 392
Aramrattana A. 50
Aranya Manosroi 65, 66, 68,
69, 70, 73, 76, 82
Aree Achariyaviriya
138, 146, 162,
186, 447
Areewan Klunklin 488, 489
Ariyadej Surabon 265
Arnold Ganser 32
Artit Yawootti 104, 128
Asawinee Danpinid 158
Asit Apornsupavit 106
Assada Porananond 504
Atchariya Jitpakdi 29
Athipong Ngamjarurojana 71, 75, 81
Atipoang Nuntaphan 177, 197
Atiporn Saeung 20, 46
Auragudom Piched 241
Auras R. 254
Autcharaphorn Apiwongngam 420
Aviva Ezra 418
Ayala Paola 278
B
Baba Akira Babaranda De Silva Bancha Jiwdet Bancha Sinsuksate Banjongprasert C. Barrett Ben Batchelor David Bechtold Thomas Benchalak Maneeton Benjaporn Chaiwun Benjawan Pitasawat 269, 271, 336
57
459
452
368
396
278
365
33
48
29
511
Benjawan Tuetun 29
Bergey Elizabeth A. 276
Bernard Roubert 32
Bert Brunekreef 17
Bhalla Amar 221, 244, 261, 403
Bhalla Amar S. 390
Bhuddarak Charatpangoon 449, 461
Blom D. A. 232
Boochoo Na Pomphet 505
Boonmalai Apichart 361
Boonruang Chatdanai 283
Boonsiva Suzuki 479, 482
Boonsom Liawruangath 64, 79
Boonsri Kaewkham-ai 456
Boonthum Anuson 311
Boonyawan D. 254, 300, 378
Boosong Kasempitakpong 35
Boriwat Suebkuna 460
Bounchon Soukchaleun 127
Briand Nelly 362
Brown Andrew P. 351
Brown Mike A. 396
Brydson Rik M. D. 351
Budge Giles E. 396
Bunlue Pensri 276
Bunyapaiboonsri Taridaporn 337
Busabongkoch Chawengchao 11
Bussaban Boonsom 335
Butsan T. 355, 374
C
Cai Jianrong 185
Carlo Finelli 32
Carroll David L. 241
Carter James L. 218
Catherine Walton 41, 57
Celentano D.D. 50
Chaimanee Veeranan 314
Chaipanich A.
253, 257, 280,
284, 317, 323, 341
Chaipanich Arnon
236, 237,
250, 402, 408, 409
Chairoj Rattanakawin 180
512
Chairote Griangsak 233, 294
Chairuangsri T. 305
Chairuangsri Torranin 200, 210,
258, 351
Chaisiri Angkurawaranon 61
Chaiwat Ngampiyasakul 27
Chaiwat Pumchat 455
Chaiwong C. 254, 300
Chaiyavat Chaiyasut 63
Chakkrawut Taecho 133
Chamchuree Sotthikul 84
Chamnong Kingkeow 3, 4
Chananchida Singkamanee 421
Chandarak S. 260
Chandet Nopakarn 356
Chankaew Chaiyos 307
Chanokporn Chaiwong 93, 96, 102
Chansaenpak Kantapat 397
Chantana Padungtodf 25
Chantaramongkol Porntip 218, 276
Chantara Somporn 322, 365
Chantawannakul Panuwan 314, 396
Charin Ya-In 53
Charuluxananan S. 21
Chatchai Kruea-In 67
Chatchai Muenkonkeaw 3, 4
Chatchawan Chaichana 125, 188
Chatkaew Simarak 415
Chau-in W. 21
Chawasak Rakpenthai 109
Chayanon Hansapinyo
448, 449,
452, 461
Chen Shui-Tein 214
Cheunbarn Siraporn 240
Chimupala Yothin 406
Chindaprasirt Prinya 385
Chirachanchai Suwabun 327
Chisvert Alberto 292
Chitapanarux Imjai 352
Chitapanarux Taned 352
Chitmanat Chanagun 367
Chitsanu Pancharoen 27
Chitsiri Rachtanapun 85
Choeyklin Rattaket Chokchai Wongsinsup Cholamjiak Prasit 211,
Cholamjiak Watcharaporn Chomdej S. Chomdej Siriwadee Chomsaeng N. Chontananarth Thapana Choonluchanon Somporn Choopan S. Choopun Supab 273, 274,
Chotechuang Panasoponkul Chotivanich Nantasak Christian Rose Christophe Biot Christopher K W Lai Chuchart Pintavirooj Chulabhorn Pruksachatku Chuleeporn Veerakajohnsak Chulin Likasirib Chumpolsri Watcharapong Chuntana Suwanthada Churat Thararux Churdsak Jaikang Chutchawan Tantakitti C. Jeya K. Henry C. Kongnam Collins Intira J. Cressey Tim R. Cuthbertson Andrew G. S. 239,
202,
216,
275,
338
62
411
410
259
213
305
348
332
264
414
56
265
32
76
17
113
55
117
112
389
84
190
63
450
431
105
265
265
396
D
Danai Boonyakiat 78
Dankittipakul Pakawin 231, 286, 398
Dany Habr 32
Daothong Suphaporn 278
Dararat Pankan 182
Darin Sosothikul 43
Darin Srisawat 86
Dasgupta Purnendu K. 248
David P Strachan 17
Dechakupt T. 267
Deepak Joshi 46
Dejang N. 281
Dejang Nuchjira 278
Dell Bernard 313
Det Damrongsak 151
Dheerawan Boonyawan 93, 94, 96, 102
Dhompongsa S.
288, 355,
374, 376, 393
Dokmaisrijan Supaporn 327, 394
Dominique Vassilieff 32
Doungrat Riyong 29, 56
D. Singwong 107
Dumrong Jaikeankea 90
Duongchan Charoenmuang 497
Duong Socheat 41, 57
E
Eakrit Kaewjaren 457
Edmonds David V. 351
Edmund Capparelli 13
Eduardo Yugo Suzuki 479, 482
Eitsayeam Sukum 245
Eitssayeam S. 262, 315, 343
Eitssayeam Sukum 312
Ekachai Chukeatirote 419
Ekarin Chaiya 181
Ekkachai Mahaek 491, 492
Elisa E. Konofagou 158
Elliott Stephen 282
F
Fang Li 404
Fasai Wiwatwongwana 444
Frenkel Lisa M. 265
Friedrich Götz 68, 69, 82
Fupinwong W. 288, 355, 393
G
Gabor Domokos Gao Jian Gavivann Veerakul Geng Xiang-Dong German D. Gillian M. 32
405
43
405
50
202
513
Gillian M. Greenway 64
Gi-Sik Min 46
Gobwute Rujijanagul 67, 77
Gonzague Jourdain 39
Gosalawit Rapee 327
Grant P. S. 368
Greenway, Gillian M. 202
Grudpan Kate
199, 203, 248,
290, 291, 360, 361, 380, 388, 412
Grudpan Supara 412
Guo Ruyan
221, 244, 261, 390, 403
H
Hai Le Ha 98
Hall Jayne 398
Ham Dong Jin 238, 308, 382
Hao Ya-Juan 405
Hartwell Supaporn Kradtap 290, 291,
360, 361, 388
Haruta M. 305
He Li-Juan 405
Hemvuttiphan Jittapol 265
Hideaki Nakagawa 24, 25
Hideki Sakai 66
Hideyuki Sawada 108
Hinjiranandana Temsiri 362
Hintong T. 21
Hintong Thanoo 59
Hiroyuki Akazaw 65, 76
Hogg S. C. 368
Honarparvar B. 399
Hongsibsong Surat 350
Hongsith N. 218
Hongsith Niyom 274, 358, 414
Hong Suk Joon 382
Hotrawarikarn Somboon 362
H Ross Anderson 17
Hyde Kevin D.
209, 219, 335,
338, 339
I
Imnang S. Imurai Suttawan 514
373, 375
210
Ingwersen J. Insom Norkaew Intatha Uraiwan Inthakon W. Isara Guntang Isoda S. Isoda Seiji Itthichai Preechawuttipong
364
123
312, 315
376
497
305
381
169, 463
J
Jacek Namiesnik 418
Jaeger Peter 231
Jaidee Kanpicha 387
Jaimasith Manat 200
Jaitanong N.
253, 257, 280,
284, 317, 341
Jaitanong Nittaya 250
Jaita P. 208
Jakmunee Jaroon 248, 291
Jamjai Utan 215
Jamnong Uthaibutra 80, 421, 424
Jampeetong Arunothai 395
Janhom Sorapong 346
Jannoey Panatda 233, 294
Janthawichai K. 30
Jareansuk L. 253
Jarupanich Tapnarong 265
Jarupoom P. 272
Jattukul Siriprapha 391
Jejira Khamsuwan 72
Jenjira Piamdee 179
Jiansirisomboon Sukanda 208, 255,
268, 281, 301, 370, 404
Jianwen Luo 159
Jia Yan 278
Jin Li 298
Jintanat Ananworanich
27, 39
Jiradej Manosroi
65, 66, 68,
69, 70, 73, 76, 82
Jiranan Griffiths 474
Jirasak Panya 144
Jirawat Chiatrakul 147
Jitonnom Jitrayut 316
Jitra Waikagul Jittapa Duangsawat Jittichat Tilawat Jocque Rudy John T. H. Jonathan Vappou Jones Ben Jones E. B. Gareth Jourdain Gonzague Jumpathong Juangjun Jurai Wongsawat Jurmkwan Sangsuwan Jutamas Chotibang Jutamas Ponmark Jutamas Suvimolcharoen
Jutharat Boonpanya 56
88
442
286
210
158
396
338
265, 362
369
27
88
486
484
415, 416
132
K
Kabkaew L. Sukontason
Kaewkhao A. Kaewsai D. Kahl G. Kajornchaiyakul Julatep
Kamkaew Anyanee Kamonpan Pengpat Kampuansai Jatupol Kananthai Amnuay Kanchana Siripon Kanchiang K. Kanchiang Kanokwan Kanda Whangchai Kaneko Futao Kanetsuna Yoshinori Kangtunyakarn Atid Kangwanpong Daoroong
Kanitha Yajom Kanjanapothi Duangta Kanjana Rueanto Kanjanasing Annop Kanjanavanit Suparat Kannanuch Srikok Kanokporn Niwatananun
Kanokwan Kanchiang 34, 36
318, 353
404
364
210
199
67, 77, 101
298
204
265
303, 377
390
421, 424
269, 271, 336
336
371
298
454
215
76
265
365
88
63
71, 81
Kanokwan Kotchasee Kantha Puripat Kantha Uthen Kanyanee Tinakorn Kanyaporn Chaiwong
Kaowphong Sulawan Karen Kirkby Karnoksak Loiloes Karn Patanukhom Kasame Thipo Kasara Sripichyakan Kasemsak Uthaichana
Kasem Uttawichai Kasinrerk Watchara Katayama Takeshi Kate Grudpan Kato Keizo Katy Morgan Kauppinen Esko Kavinchan Jutarat Kavinchan Nuttira Kazunori Nosaka Kengsakul Karun Kenneth McIntosh Kerdcharoen Teerakiat Kerry Taylor Ketsuwan P. Kettapun Atichart Kevalee Unachak Khajornsak Sopajaree Khaleghian M. Khamman Orawan Khanittha Taneyhill Khomhoi Padungsee Khotchanin Kanyarat Kiat Ruxrungtham Kilburn Jeremy D. Kiran D Pandey Kirk C. A. Kirtsaeng Sukrit Kitipong Nakpakdee Kittichai Sucomma 497
245
465
248
111, 190, 194
220, 227, 256
72
90
157
100
486, 490
108, 130,
455, 456
33
350
233
83
269, 271, 336
41
278
324, 413
282
9
265
13
358
32
264, 267
204
48
122
399
403
469
401
302
27
310
17
368
322
111, 175, 194
494
515
Kittichai Wantanajittikul 170
Kittikhun Moophayak 34, 36
Kittikorn Sasujit 149
Kittinan Noimanee 113
Kittiworawat Saengdao 247
Klin-eam Chakkrid 287, 372
Klysubun W. 325
K. Noimanee 166
Kobkiat Saengnil 421
Kodchakorn Kanchanok 316
Kodchakorn Mahasongkram 51
Kodkwan Namsanguan 162, 447, 494
Kodwan Namsanguan 138
Koetsawang Suporn 265
Komboonchoo Sunsanee 365
Komgrit Leksakul 441
Komkham Pattanaporn 430
Komson Wannasai 26
Kom Sukontason 34, 36
Kongtawelert Prachya 316, 361
Koonaphapdeelert Sirichai 465
Korawinwich Boonpisuttinant 70, 76
Ko Thida Win Ko 339
Kovit Pattanapanyasat 27
Kowit Nambunmee 24
Kreasuwun Jiemjai 246, 322
Krissana Romchaiyaphruk 463
Krit Makonkawkeyoon 38
Krongkarn Pugpayappysal 433
Kruea-In C. 262
Kudumpee Sudkaneung 352
Kuimalee Surasak 351
Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit 13, 23, 39
Kulthida Chaisathidvanich 423
Kumarasamy, Nagalingeswaran
23
Kungwankunakorn Sukjit 321
Kuntalue Budsabong 321
Kurata H. 305
Kusumaphanyo C. 59
Kyung-Ho Park 452
L
Laatsch Hartmut Lallemant Marc 516
369
265, 362
Laoratanakul Pitak 293
Laorodphan Nattapol 200
Laosiritaworn 293
Laosiritaworn Y. 303, 309, 377
Laosiritaworn Yongyut
221, 244,
261, 334, 390, 403
Lapanantnoppakhun Somchai
291, 360, 388, 412
Lapmak Kodchakorn 320
Latthawat Sonsrinusorn 483
Le Coeur Sophie 265, 362
Lee Jae Sung 238, 308, 382
Leenakul Wilaiwan 245
Leeratanavalee Sorasak 234
Lee T. Randall 241
Lee Vannajan S. 401
Lee Vannajan Sanghiran 199, 316, 327,
330, 331, 380, 394
Lee V. S. 378, 399
Lefteri H. Tsoukalas 130
Lekprasert V. 21
Lertlakana Bhoopat 26, 53
Liampongsabuddhi Prateung 265
Liawraungrath Saisunee 202, 243, 292,
304, 340, 354, 359
Liawruangath Boonsom
202, 243,
304, 359
Liewhiran Chaikarn 289
Li G. R. 317
Linda Aurpibul 12, 44, 47, 49
Liotti E. 368
Lisa J. Mauer 91
Liu Diansheng 405
Loetchutinat Chatchanok 206
Lomthaisong Khemika 222, 311
Lorvidhaya Vicharn 352
L. P. Purba 172
Lueangprasert Kanyarat 392
Lu Huazhu 185
Lumyong Pipob 313
Lumyong Saisaimorn 209, 219, 233,
270, 294, 297, 313, 320,
335, 337, 338, 339, 369
Lu Qiang 185
M
Mana Saedan 131, 137, 178
Manas Sangworasil 113
Manatpong Mongkrai 178
Manee Pinyopornpanish 33
Marasri Chaiworawitkul 143
Mari Pat Toye 13
Marriott Philip J. 235
Marris Gay 396
Mary Elizabeth Smith 13
Masahiko Abe 66
Masahiro Takagi 58
Mathias Schmid 32
Matsuzawa Taihei 271
Matteo Della Porta
32
Matthew Cole 106
Matthew Law 23
Matthew O. T. Cole 168
Maxwell James F. 217, 249
McIntosh Kenneth 265, 362
McKelvie Ian 388
McKenzie Eric H. C. 219
Medapon Bomkao 415
Meepowpan Puttinan 206
Mekchay S. 259
Metee Medhasith Suksumret 415
Mi-Hyun Park 46
Mi J. 368
Milan Suhaj 418
Milena Cvikrova 418
Milne S. J. 342
Moh Seng Chang 57
Mollaamin F. 399
Molwipa Sirihorachai 3, 4
Mom Chandara 27
Monajjemi M. 399
Monnier J. R. 232
Muneko Nishijo 24, 25
Murani Eduard 213
Muthita Trakultivakorn 16
N
Nacapricha Duangjai 203
Nagalingeswaran Kumarasamy 23
Nahathai Wongpakaran 33
Nakarin Saengow 181
Nakhorn Thonglek 148
Nakorn Tippayawong 104, 118, 120,
124, 126, 128, 135,
139, 141,151, 153, 161,
169, 171, 174, 181, 195
Namboothiry Manoj A. G. 241
Namsar Orapim 255
Namwong Prachaya 200
Nanjaras B. 242
Nantaka Nimmanwattana 497
Nantana Charoonnate 37
Nantaporn Kumsuk 100
Nantawan Saengroj 198
Naomi Funashima 488
Naraballobh Watcharapong 213
Narawut Srisang 181
Narin Sirikulrat 74
Narinthorn Khositsuntiwong 68
Narissara Eiamkanitchat 438
Narissara Jariyapan 20
Narong Sikhiram 466
Natanee Vorayos 164
Nataya Sutthanont 29
Nateewattana Jintapat 332
Nateewattana Jomjun 332
Nathawit Pongpun 138
Nattanee Vorayos 197
Nattapong Sangsirakoup 451
Nattapong Swangmuang 108
Nattaporn Chaiyat 85, 198
Nattasak Krittigamas 423
Nattawit Pomma 156
Nattawut Kulsatien 146
Nattaya Tawichai 77
Nattee Narkbunnam 43
Natthapong Wongdamnern 71
Natthawan Suwan 483
Natthawud Dussadee
111, 133, 149
517
Nat Vorayos 179, 193, 197
Nednapa Insalud 187
Nethong Namprom 484
Neville R. Watson 109
Ngamjarurojana A. 260, 303, 309, 377
Ngamjarurojana Athipong
221, 244,
261, 279, 379, 390
Nganvongpanit K. 259
Ngaojampa Chanisorn 331
Ngo-Giang-Huong Nicole 265
Nia Kurniati 23
Niamsup Hataichanoke 233, 294
Nicole Ngo-Giang-Huong 27
Nik Khairulddin Nik Yusoff 23
Nimit Morakote 19
Nimmanpipug Piyarat 300, 316, 327,
331, 378, 394, 401
Nimnoi Pongrawee 270, 297
Nipapon Siripon 134
Nipon Theera-Umpon 108, 160, 167,
170, 438, 442
Niramon Utama-ang 435
Niranatlumpong P. 281, 404
Nirun Vanprapar 13
Nirut Naksuk 455
Nisachon Katsamak 95
Nisaratanaporn Ekasit 258
Nitaya Boontim 496
Nithiya Rattanapanone 87, 417
Nochaiya Thanongsak
236, 323,
402, 409
Nokorn Thonglek 129
Nokthai Prontipa 330
Nomura Mika 294
Nongkran Viseskul 484, 489, 490
Nopakoon Koonlertgit 61
Nophadon Luangpirom 97
Nophawan Bunchu 36
Noppadol Kongsricharoen 198
Norbert Gattermann 32
Norfun Poachanee 354
Nottasorn Plipat 13
N. Panyoyai 142
518
N. Siripon N. Tippayawong Nualchareon Mantana Nuanlaor Thawinchai Nuntanee Satiansukpong Nuntasaen Narong Nuthapong Ukarapol Nuttapol Chruewkamlow Nuttapon Sukitsuksawas Nuttawut Dussadee Nuttida Chanhom 107
121, 172
215
471
11
206
45
51
415, 416
194
126
O
Ohdaira Yasuo Okorie Anyaele Olaree Nawikkawanit Olga Martincova Ong-Chai S. Opun Supab Orawan Louthrenoo 271, 336
57
448
418
259
358
49
P
Paccamon Thammitsakun Pagakrong Lumbiganon Paiboonworachat Sahathaya Pairat Trakarnsirinont Paitoon Narongchai Pakit Bunsut Panchat Wongchaiya Panhuis Marc In Het Panicha Lorwatcharasupaporn
Panich Intra 104, 128,
Panjarus Wongyai Pannee Visrutaratna Pannipa Laohapensang Panpen Kruathai Pansombat K. Panuwan Chantawannakul Panyanak B. Paradorn Nuthong Paramet Suttiprapa Parichat Choomporn Parinya Chantrasri 419,
150
23
30
506, 507
63
498
93, 94
296
100
141, 174
433
45
430
496
364
89
242
162
187
84
425, 426
Parinya Khamwongpin 461
Paron Dekumyoy 56
Passakorn Inthasan 161
Patcharee Woragidpoonpol 484
Pathom-aree Wasu 387
Patima Silsupadol 8
Pattarawarapan Mookda 350
Pattraporn Chutidumrong 424
Pattra Thanarattanakorn 43, 48, 51
Paul K. Chu 72
Pavena Intaraksa 471
Pawena Limpiteeprakan 163
Pawini Temdi 510
Peanchai Khamwong 5, 6, 9
Pearce John T. H. 210, 351
Peberdy John F. 219
Pedugsorn Mayuree 473
Peerapol Jirapong 173, 459
Peerapong Doungkaew 501
Peerapornpisal Yuwadee
215, 240,
252, 285
Peerasak Lerttrakarnnon 33, 35
Pengchai Petch 332
Pengpat Kamonpan
215, 262, 272,
315, 343, 349
Pennung Warnitchai 452
Penpan Khanrin 69, 82
Pensak Jantrawut 65, 73
Petronella Muresan 13
Pewpan M. Intapan 19, 52
Phanichphant Sukon
224, 241, 269,
271, 289, 336
Phennapha Klangsinsirikul 27
Phiraban Chaithaya 473
Phongdong Pornthana 340
Phongtape Wiwatanadate 16
Phraepakaporn Kunnaja 469
Phruk Aukkarungsri 120
Phrut Sakulchangsatjatai
155, 187,
451, 453
Phuruangrat A. 228, 383
Phuruangrat Anukorn 212, 225, 226,
229, 230, 238, 308, 321,
324, 326, 382, 386, 391, 407
Phutrakul Suree 214
Pichaya Boonprasom 89
Pichaya Boonprasom Poonlarp 420
Pichler Thomas 278
Pierre Fenaux 32
Pietravalle Stephane 396
Pilapong Chalermchai
306, 319,
324, 347, 384
Pimlak Charoenkwan 31, 48
Pimmas Tapanya 49
Pimonrat Sakdasirisathaporn 31
Pimpaporn Klunklin 485
Pimraksa K. 323
Pimraksa Kedsarin 385
Pinruan Umpava 338
P. Intra 172
Pinyou Piyanut 291
Piriya Thongchiew 116
Pisitpipathsin Nuttapon 245
Pisutti Dararutana 74
Pitiwat Wattanachai 459
Pitoon Narongchai 37
Pitsamai Arwakulpanich 464
Piyaboon Nilkaew 491
Piyanan Taweethavonsawat 52
Piyanat Chang-ngern 419
Piyaphong Pantana 191
Piyarat Suntarattiwong 39
Piya Trevittaya 472
Piyawan Sawasdisingha 488
Piyawit Moonkham 416
P. Keawfoonrungsie 166
P. Khunja 166
Pojanakaroon Teraboon 354
Pojprapai S. 260
Polkae Vacharachaisurapol 35
Pompimon Wilart 206
Ponchai Rachtanapun 88
Pongpaibul Yanee 215
Pongpan Sooksarn 118
Pongpol Prompa 134
Pongruk Sribanditmongkol 34
519
Pongsak Holimchayachotikul 441
Pongsaksri Maethisa 473
Pongsathorn Dhumtanom 425
Pongsilp Neelawan 270, 297
Pongsri Keitlertnapha 489
Ponsuksili Siriluck 213
Pookmanee Pusit 224
Pope Kosalaraksa 27
Poramate Sittisun 124
Pornchai Rachtanapun 85, 87, 88, 89,
90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95,
96, 97, 98, 100, 101, 102
Pornkitprasarn Witaya 265
Pornpun Subpaiboongid 489
Pornthiva Takwang 433
Porntip Wattanavittawat 472
Posri Leelapat 3, 4
Pothacharoen P. 259
Potong R. 253, 257, 280
Prachaya Siriya 192
Pracha Yeunyongkul 453
Pradchayaporn Thisar 484
Pradit Terdtoon 155, 158, 187, 451
Pradya Somboon 41, 57, 58
Prakaimuk Saraithong 429, 481
Pramoj Ruamsuke 418
Pranee Mahasakpanb 25
Pranom Tansukanun 497
Prapai Dejkhamron 48
Prapamontol Tippawan 350
Prapatsorn Lohwanta 198
Prasanta Saikia 41
Prasatkhetragarn Anurak
244, 263, 403
Prasert Rerkkriangkrai 139
Pravit Limueadphai 174
Preecha Sriprapakhan 450
Preeyaporn Srasuebkul 23
Premanode Bhusana 316
Premchai Moolla 439, 440
Pripdeevech Patcharee 235, 389
Promputtha Itthayakorn 219
P. Sakulchangsatjatai 142, 165
520
P. Terdtoon P. Thanompongchart Puchmark C. Pumsalid Kanchana Puninagool Wattapong Punjasawadwong Y. Punpong Lekhakula Punya Atchara Punyawudho K. Pusadee Kosalaraksa Putipong Bookamana P. Yeunyongkul 142, 165
121
342
206
234
21
89
293
232
39
33
165
Q
Quyen Dang Thi Mong 98
R
Rachata Lumkul 43
Rachtanapun P. 254
Radchaneekorn Nadsasarn 49
Radom Pongvuthithuma 112
Rafael Auras 93, 102
Rakariyatham Nuansri 310, 356
Raksujarit A. 349
Ralph E. Harbach 58
Ram Yogev 13
Randeep Singh 155
Ratanakosol Janyaporn 265
Ratanawimarnwong Nuanlaor 203
Ratchadawan Ngoen-klan 34
Ratiporn Haruenkit 418
Rattapol Pornprasit 426
Rattika Sae-Tung 31
Rattikorn Yimnirun 71, 75, 81
Raweeroj Jintawiwat 443
Rawee Taweephol 31
Rawiwan Hansudewechakul 23, 27, 39
Rayanakorn Mongkon 366
Raymond A. DeCarlo 130
Rebecca S. Gelman 27
Rerkasem Benjavan 247
Revathy Nallusamy 23
Rianyoi R. 253, 257, 280
Risa Okonogi 26
Rodanant O. 21
Rojas Carlos 339
Rolf G. Werner 68, 69, 82
Rotsukon Jawana 120
Ruanpanun Pornthip 209
Ruengsitagoon Wirat 292
Rujijanagul G.
262, 272, 315,
342, 343, 349
Rujijanakul Gobwute 245
Rujirawat S. 260
Rujiwatra Apinpus 307, 406
Rungchat Chompu-inwai 182, 439,
440, 454, 493
Rungjindamai Nattawut 338
Rungmanee Jomthong 173
Ruth Ruggles 17
Ruyan Guo 81
Ryumond Honda 24, 25
S
Sabsanong Prapan 265
Saengnil Kobkiat 251, 392
Saengusa Khemaleelakul 481
Saenphet Kanokporn 277
Saenphet Supap 277
Saipanya Surin 357, 405
Saisunee Liawruangrath 64, 79
Sakai Tadao 204
Sakda Pruenglampoo 3, 4
Sakgasit Ramingwong 460
Sakornrat Khongkhunthian 429
Sakulrat Kunyatep 493
Samart Pakakasama 43, 53
Sangchan Walaya 366
Sangprasert Waleepan
300, 378, 401
Sangtiwa Suriyong 423
Sa-Nguangsak Thanapornpoonpong
423
Sanguansermsri Torpong
360
Sangwijit K. 345
Sanmee Rarunee 313
Sanong Amaroek 170
Sanparwat Vithayasai 197
Sansanee Auephanwiriyakul 160, 167,
170, 438, 442
Santhaveesuk Theerapong 273, 275
Santi Chanwikrai 168
Saouy Maliwan 332
Saowarunee Sangsrijan 62
Sarakonsri T. 325
Sarakonsri Thapanee
357, 381, 397
Sarapee Chunthawom 447
Sarapirom S. 345
Sarawut Pongleerat 495
Sardsud Uraporn 252, 320
Sarinya Sriphetcharawut 10
Sasat Daranee 473
Sasitorn Wongruong 91
Sasiwimol Ubolyam 27
Sate Sampattagul 115, 164
Satiansukpong Nantanee 473
Satienperakul Sakchai 243, 340
Satit Phiyanalinmat 424
Sauwalak Opastirakul 15
Sawaddiruk Passakorn 30
Saweat Intarasiri 72
Sawitree Chiampanichayakul 51
Sayam Kaewvichit 62
Saysin Suwanna 304
Schmidt-Vogt Dietrich 282
Seeharaj Athittaya 406
Seielstad Mark 298
Sein Min 57
Sein Thaung 57
Sermsak Uatrongjit 103, 109, 152
Sethapong Sethabouppha 492
Setthaya Naruemon 385
Shank Lalida 330
Shela Gorinstein 418
Sherman S.G. 50
Shinbo Kazunari 269, 271, 336
Shinoda Yasuhiro 381
Shiojiri M. 305
Shiozawa Hidetsugu 278
Siangcham Tanapan 277
521
Siengdee P. 259
Siew Moy Fong 23
Silalom Somyot 218, 276
Sinchaikul Supachok 214
Sineenad Somboonanek 415
Singjai P. 404
Singjai Pisith 278, 296
Singkamanee C. 251
Singthong Urailuk 207
Singtripop Tippawan 286, 398
Siraseth Mongkolupatham 143
Siriluk Sangsrijan 62
Sirinontakan Surat 362
Sirinun Boripuntakul 7
Siriprapa P. 301
Siripun Narongchai 63
Siriwan Kammuen 84
Siriwan Nissaikla 145
Siriwan Ong-chai 478
Siriwat Wattanapanich 480
Siriwitayakorn Kingkeo 246
Sittipiyasakul Veerachai 265
Sittiporn Suwannamit 20
Sittiruk Roytrakul 20
Siva Achariyaviriya 132, 138,
162, 447, 457
Siwadol Supapia 180
S. Kantawanichkul 136, 189
S. Nirunsin 183
S. Noimanee 166
S. Nuchprayoon 105
Soisungwan Sataruge 25
Sokhuma K. 318, 353
Somboon Sangmaneedet 52
Somchai Lapanantnoppakhun 83
Somchai Pattana 444
Somchit Kiatwattanacharoen 484
Somjai Kanjanapongkul 43
Somjai Karnchanawong
117, 145,
163, 198
Somkiat Jaturonglumlert 154
Sompon Wongtom 140
Somporn Chotinaruemol 48
522
Somporn Sungkarat 7, 8
Somporn Wangruangsathit 43
Somrak Rangkakulnuwat 26, 53
Somruthai Tunma 96, 102
Somsak Wongwaiwate 37
Somsiri Sattayapanich 145
Songkran Panthurat 493
Songmee Naratip 278, 296
Songyot Anuchapreeda 51
Soontorn Suwanhem 449
Sophon Sinsang 451
Sorawat Thongsahuan 20
Sreesattabud Tharathip 370
Srichomthong Kitlada 337
Srikitikulchai Prasert 337
Srikummool Metawee 298
Srilomsak S. 260
Sripaoraya Worathip 360
Srirojn B. 50
Srisombat L. 267
Srisombat La-Ongnuan 279, 379
Srisuda Sae-tang 3, 4
Srivibool Rattanaporn 387
Sriwichai Saengrawee 269, 271, 336
Stephan K Weiland 17
Stephen J. Kerr 27
Stephenson Steven L. 339
Streck T. 364
Suantai S. 373, 375
Suantai Suthep
201, 204, 205,
207, 211, 239, 287,
371, 372, 410, 411
Suchada Nokthuan 437
Suchada Vearasilp 418, 423
Suchat Hongsiriwon 13, 39
Suchaya Silvilairat 38
Sudarat Auttarat 495, 497
Sudchit Chungpivat 52
Sudjai Suanta 31
Sue Turale 489
Suebsak Sanyakiatikun 415
Sugree Gasorntgatsara 503
Sukchareon I. 59
Sukchotiratana Morakot 387
Sukhumanant Thammanoon 265
Sukrapee Insee-ard 49
Sukum Eitssayeam 67, 77, 101
Sumitra Poovarodom 418
Sumpun Chaitep
110, 119,
123, 147, 185
Sumpun Chaithep 133
Sung-U Sasitorn 473
Su-on Chainansamit 43
Supalak Palee 164
Supanee Chounchay 8
Supanida Winitchai 70
Supansa Dudngon 432
Supanuch Saipang 435
Supaporn Chinchai 10, 11
Supaporn Nakbunlung 415, 416
Supara Grudpan 83
Suparat Kanjanavanit 27, 44
Supassara Sirabanchongkran 480
Supatra Sirichotiyakul 31
Supawadee Putthinoi 470, 474
Suphan Sutthawan 285
Suphavilai Chaisuree 350
Supjatura Volaluck 311
Suppakarn Chansareewittaya 458
Surachai Singhtoraj 491
Surakrit Nattaradol 441
Suranan Noimanee 113, 114, 445, 446
Suraphol Phuvichit 180
Suraphon Chumklin 167
Surapon Wiangnon 43
Surasing Visrutaratna 3, 4
Suratsunya T. 59
Sura Tundee 155
Sureeporn Suwanna-osod 484
Surin Jiraniramai 33
Surin, Saipanya 357
Sutcliffe C.G. 50
Sutee Yoksan 12
Suthat Surawang 435, 437
Sutthana S. 216
Suttiarporn Panawan 389
Suttichai Krisanaprakornkit 476, 477
Suttichai Premrudeepreechacharn 109
Suwannarach Nakarin 335
Suzuki Toshisada 233
T
Taesotikul Tawat 213
Tajima Shigeyuki 294
Takahashi W. 288, 374, 376
Tamaekong Nittaya 289
Tanakorn Apornpong 27
Tangchitsomkid Nuchanart 209
Tang Mingjie 185
Tangonan Andrew A. 241
Tangsritrakul J. 267, 309
Tanin Bhoopat 26, 54
Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat 111, 116, 129,
140, 148, 149, 154, 164, 175,
177, 184, 190, 193, 194, 196, 197
Tanudsintum S. 21
Tanyathip Jaimulwong 27
Tarinee Chaiwong 36
Tashiro K. 378
Tavitiya Sudjaritruk 38
Tawan Mengthaisong 27
Tawat Samana 177
Tawee Chotpitayasunondh 13
Tawee Tunkasiri 67, 77
Tawichai N. 315, 343
Taworn Benjanarasuth 455
Teerarat Sattayarak 95
Teerasong Saowapak 203
Teerawutgulrag Aphiwat 310
Teshima Norio 203
Thaisuchat Haruthai 206
Thanachayanont Chanchana 210, 381
Thanakron Paboug 125
Thanaporn Ngarmprapasom 119
Thanasit Wongsiriamnuay153, 171, 195
Thanasuthipitak Panjawan 302
Thanasuthipitak Theerapongs 302
Thanes Chaichara 133
Thanyaporn Boonphokaew 422
523
Thanyawat Rattanasak 508
Thanyawee Puthanakit
12, 23, 27,
39, 44, 47, 49
Thapakron Kruaraya 415
Thapanee Kruaraya 415
Thapanya Decha 276
Tharavichitkul Ekkasit 352
Thaung Hlaing 57
Thavornyutikarn P. 364
Thavornyutikarn Prasak 332
Thawan Sucharitakul 127
Thianchai Aksrondit 415
Thiemsorn Worapong 200
Thienthong S. 59
Thira Sirisanthana 12, 44, 47
Thitilertdecha Nont 310
Thompson S. P. 368
Thomson N. 50
Thongchai Fongsamootr 143, 144, 191
Thongchai Wisanu 202, 361
Thongkuntha Sutheera 320
Thongsanitgarn Pailyn 268
Thongsrisomboon Pawinee 243
Thongtem Somchai
212, 220, 223,
225, 226, 227, 228, 229,
230, 238, 256, 278, 283,
306, 308, 319, 321, 324,
326, 347, 382, 383, 384,
386, 391, 407, 413
Thongtem Titipun
212, 220, 223,
225, 226, 227, 228, 229,
230, 238, 256, 306, 319,
321, 324, 326, 347, 383,
384, 386, 391, 407, 413
Thraravichitkul Prasit 311
Thungprasert S. 325
Thwaites Richard 396
Tim R. Cressey 13
Tinakon Wongpakaran 33
Tinnapat Mongkontep 145
Tipcompor Narongrit 223, 230
Titima Sukmark 85
Tokuyama Shinji 387
524
Tomomi Kameoka 488
Tongjit Thanchomnang 52
Torkittikul Pincha 236, 408
Torpong Sanguansermsri 31
Torsak Bunupuradah 27
To Setha 57
Toshihiro Akihisa 65, 73, 76
Toshiko Nakayama 488
Tossaporn Wimuktacom 186
Totrakool S. 364
Towta Sripen 246
Traichaiyaporn Siripen 367
Traisaithit Patrinee 265
Traisathit Patrinee 352, 362
Triamnak N. 377
Trichaiyaporn Siripen 332
Tuchinda L. 59
Tulathip Suwanlerk 39
Tungpradit Rudeewan 214
Tunkasiri T. 262, 315, 343, 349
Tunkasiri Tawee 245, 312
Tunma S. 300
Tunwadee Klong-klaew 34
U
Ubon Pirunsan 5, 6, 9
Ubonrat Siripatrawan 431, 434, 436
Udom Chaithong 29
Umaporn Siangphoe 39
Ungsethaphand Thepparath 252
Unruan M. 267, 377
Unruan Muangjai
221, 244,
261, 370, 403
Uraporn Sardsud 419, 422, 426
Usanee Thongchai 415
Usanee Vinitketkumnuen 128
Usawadee Chanasut 417
Uthaibutra Jamnong 251, 392
V
Vaidhayakarn Chawapich Valery Zeitoun Van Dyke Russell B. 249, 282
416
265
Van Zee J. W.
232
Vannarat Sornthep 327
Vas Dev 41
Venediktos Kapetanakis 17
Viboon Changrue 147
Vichai Laosombat 43
Vicha Sardsud 426
Vilaithong T. 325
Vilaithong Thiraphat 327
Viraphong Lulitanond 52
Virat Sirisanthana
12, 13, 23,
38, 39, 44, 47, 49
Visut Baimai 20
Vittayakorn Soisuda 473
Vittayakorn W. C. 284, 317, 341
Vivek Agarwal 130
Vonthanak Saphonn 23, 27
Vorapoj Pothacharoen 111, 194
W
Wanchai Maleewong 19, 52
Wandee Taesotikul 62
Wang John 312
Wangkarn Sunanta 366
Wangpakapattanawong Prasit 282
Wanichacheva Nantanit 199, 380
Wannakon Anucha 200
Wannapira Wiroj 265
Wannapop Surangkana 225
Wannipa Bunrayong 470
Warangkana Lohcharoenkal 82
Waravut Printrakoon 455
Warintorn Ruksiriwanich 66
Warrit Natapot 314
Warunee Kumsaiyai 471
Wasana Prasitsuebsai 13
Wasan Pinatae 149
Wasin Wongwilai 83
Wasu Pathom-aree 419
Watana Sukeepaisarnjaroen 19
Watchara Kasinrerk 51
Watcharapasorn A. 208, 281, 301, 404
Watcharapasorn Anucha 255, 268, 370
Watcharee Tantiprabha 31, 48
Watpathomsub Supranee 199, 380
Wattana Chartapisak 15
Wattanapong Suttapak 160
W. Duangjaisak 136
Weerachai Arjharn 179
Wej Choochote
20, 29, 46, 52, 57
Werawan Ruangyuttikarnd 24, 25
Whangchai K. 251
Whangchai Niwoot 252
Wicharn Luesomboon 27
Wichuda Jiraporncharoen 61
Wilaiwan Leenakul 135
Wilart Pompimon 477
Wilawan Kumpoun 78, 80
William T. Shearer 27
Willoughby Tun-Lin 57
Wimalin Laosiritaworn 75
Wimmers Klaus 213
Wimonrat Teeyakasemd 25
Winiyakul Narong 265
Winthana Kusirisin 35, 65
Wipasa Jiraprapa 350
Wipawadee Wongsuwan 192
Wirat Nakkrongdee 129
Wirojanupatump S. 404
Wirojupatump S. 281
Wirongrong Tongdeesoontorn 91, 92
Wisanu Thongchai 64, 79
Wisitsoraat Anurat 289
Wisut Pattanaporn 429
Witaya Swaddiwudhipong 24, 25
Witchapong Issarangporn 76
Wittanalai Suttida 356
Wittaya Daungthima 497
Wittaya Petdachai 39
Wolfgang Lücke 423
Wongchaiya P. 254
Wongdamnern N. 303, 309, 377
Wongkeo W. 323
Wongkeo Watcharapong 236, 237, 409
Wongkham Weerah 214
Wongkot Wongsapai 188, 463
525
Wongmaneerung R. 264
Wongpia Aphinya 222, 311
Wongpornchai Sugunya 235, 389
Wongputtisin Pairote 320
Wongratanaphisan Duangmanee
273, 275
Wongrat Ekasiddh 358
Wongsaenmai Supattra 221
Wongsawad Chalobol 329, 348
Wongsawad Pheravut 329
Wongsawan Kanruethai 311
Wongwilai Wasin 412
Woralun Boonyasurat 415
Worapaka Manosroi
66, 68, 69,
70, 73, 76, 82
X
Xu Shuhua 298
Y
Yana Janchai 327
Yao J. C. 288
Yasintinee Aimyuak 188
Yasushi Otsuka 20
Yatakoat Pornsak 205
YiHong Li 429
Yimnirun R.
253, 260, 263,
264, 267, 280, 284, 303,
309, 317, 377
526
Yimnirun Rattikorn221, 244, 250, 261,
279, 293, 334, 370,
379, 390, 403
Yin Q. R. 317
Y. Khunatorn 183
Yoiprommarat Seangaroon 337
Yong Poovorawan 20
Yongyuth Chalearmchart 293, 420
Yongyut Laosiritaworn 71, 75, 81
Yoshio Tsuda 58
Yotnoi Bunlawee 406
Youpensuk Somchit 247
Yuenyong Panjasawatwong 180
Yu L. D. 345
Yu Liangdeng 72, 331
Yuriko Nomoto 488
Yuthana Phimolsiripol 432, 433, 434,
435, 436, 437, 438
Yuthapong Somchit 176
Yuttana Kumsuwan 462
Yuttana Tongtuam 492
Yvonne Linton 57
Yvonne-Marie Linton 41
Z
Zeng H. R. 317

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