A.M.Z. Chamango1, Gomonda, R.W.J.1, Mainjeni, C.E.D. 1

Transcription

2015_AP31_Chamango.pdf
by
1Agricultural
AP2015 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA
A.M.Z. Chamango1, Gomonda, R.W.J.1, Mainjeni,
C.E.D. 1, Msangosoko K.R.1 and Kumwenda, R.L.N.1
Research and Extension Trust (ARET),
Private Bag 9, Lilongwe, Malawi
Introduction
 Objectives
 Materials and Methods
 Results and Discussion
 Conclusion
 Acknowledgement

important export crop for
Malawi
Contributes 60-70% of forex base
Contributes 12% to GDP
Burley: 85-90% share of all tobacco
Tobacco:

Low yield and poor quality leaf
Multiple constraints limit productivity
... biotic ... abiotic... socioeconomic

Root galling
Firing, chlorosis and stunting
Root-knot nematodes
Meloidogyne spp.
Damage on susceptible Burley cultivar often
occur together with root-knot nematodes
Fusarium wilt
(F. oxysporum f.sp
nicotianae)
Damage on susceptible
Flue-cured tobacco cultivar
Granville wilt / Bacterial wilt
(Rolstonia solanacearum)
Angular leaf spot (Pseudomonas
syringae pv. tabaci Tox-)
Damage on susceptible Fluecured tobacco cultivar
Brown Spot (Alternaria alternata)
yield and quality losses yearly
Often together with Fusarium wilt
 No
 Significant
locally-bred resistant burley cultivars
Imported sources; unaffordable & unsustainable
rotation known to reduce nematodes, but
diminishing due to small land holdings
 Resistance
nematodes
key to IPM for managing
ARET initiated breeding activity in 2009/10
 Crop
develop root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne
spp.) resistant burley tobacco hybrids with high
yield potential and other traits acceptable by
the trade
 Widen
choice of varieties with desirable
attributes and enhanced productivity through
hybrid technology responding to key constraints
in tobacco industry
 To
Fifty
F1 hybrids generated-subjected to
preliminary screening in infested
hotspots
Pioneering crosses
Susceptible adapted parents crossed
with root-knot nematode resistant
donors in 2009/10 season
Screening hotspots
•Kandiya
•Mwimba
Agronomic
evaluation in rotated
lands
KABWAFU
•Kandiya
•Mwimba
•Kabwafu
KANDIYA
MWIMBA
Disease screening in hotspots
 F1 hybrids and 4 checks ( 3 OPVs: KBM 20, KBM 33
and Mkanachikhosi) and BRK4

No topping, de-suckering and reaping
Design and Plot size
 RCBD with 3 reps
1 row x 1.2 m x 7.2m long x 12 plants x 0.6m apart
Design and Plot size
 RCBD with 3 reps
2 rows x 1.2 m apart x 7.2m long x 12 plants x 0.6m
apart
 Cultural practices done as recommended for burley by
ARET
Agronomic evaluation in rotated lands
 9 promising hybrids and 4 checks (same as earlier)
root galls: uprooting each plant,
cleaning and assessing nematode root galling
at 6 WAT using a 0-10 scale (Bridge and Page
1980)
 Fusarium wilt infected plants assessed as
percentage of row population at 6 WATP
 Cured
Data analysis used ANOVA in Genstat and means
separated by LSD test
leaf yield
 Leaf quality parameters (colour and grade out-turn)
 Nematode
Nematode root gall-rating (0-10)
9
2011/12
P˂0.001
2012/13
P˂0.003
3
2
1
0
Burley Tobacco Cultivars
10
2013/14
P˂0.001
8
7
6
5
4
9
8
3
2
1
0
10
P=0.045
7
6
5
4
Fusarium wilt infected plants (%)
90
2012/13
30
20
10
0
100
2011/12
2013/14
P˂0.001
80
70
60
50
40
Fusarium wilt infected plants (%)
20
10
0
Burley Tobacco Cultivar
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Root-knot nematode
Fusarium wilt
Fusarium wilt infected plants (%)e
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
ABH 31 at Kandiya
Sick plot, 2012/13 season
ABH 15 at Kandiya
Cured leaf yield (Kg/ha)
2011/12
2012/13
2500
500
0
3000
2013/14
P=0.033
2000
1500
1000
Mkanachikhosi at Kandiya
ABH 43 at Kandiya
Cured leaf yield (Kg/ha)
500
0
2500
2000
1500
1000
ABH 31 in rotated lands at
Kandiya 2012-13
ABH 12 in rotated lands at
Kabwafu, 2012-13
Colour distribution (%)
% Buff
% Tan
20
10
0
70
% Red
60
50
40
30
% 1st quality
% 2nd quality
% 3rd quality
% 4th quality
% 5th quality
40
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Grade out-turn (%)
35
12 was found to be moderately
resistant to root-knot nematodes only
compared to the rest of the test hybrids
 ABH
43 and ABH 31 consistently
combined moderate resistance to rootknot nematodes and Fusarium wilt while
the rest of the test hybrids proved as
being susceptible
 ABH
hybrids gave comparable cured leaf
colour distribution and grade out-turn to
the check varieties; KBM 33, KBM 20,
Mkanachikhosi and BRK 4.
ABH
cultivars demonstrated potential for
producing equally acceptable leaf grades
compared to varieties currently being
grown in Malawi
ABH
ABH 12 was accepted for release as a
burley tobacco hybrid moderately
resistant to root-knot nematodes while
ABH 31 and ABH 43 were accepted for
release as burley hybrids moderately
resistant to root-knot nematodes and
Fusarium wilt in Malawi

growers, other smallholder
burley tobacco farmers and leaf
merchants for their cooperation and
participation during testing
criticism
for input and constructive
CORESTA Secretariat
to present
for the opportunity
Co-authors
Tobacco

A.M.Z. Chamango1, Gomonda, R.W.J.1, Mainjeni, C.E.D. 1

Transcription

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