land use, river flow and management zones

Transcription

Fourth International Symposium in GIS/ Spatial
Analyses in Fishery and Aquatic Sciences
Integrated management of river
basin and coastal zone: land use,
river flow
flow, and management zones
Gilberto Fonseca Barroso, Ph.D.
Limnology and Environmental Planning Lab
Department of Ecology and Natural Resources
Federal University of Espírito Santo
A Fernando
Av.
F
d Ferrari,
F
i 514,
514 Vitó
Vitória,
i ES,
ES Brazil
B il CEP 29060
29060-900
900
Tel. 55 27 3335-2744 Fax 55 27 3335-2500
E-mail:
E
mail: [email protected]
gfbarroso@gmail com
Internet: www.dern.ufes.br/limnol/main.html
The Global Forum on Oceans,
Coasts and Islands
Coasts,
Islands,
4th Global Conference on
Oceans, Coasts, and Islands:
Advancing Ecosystem
Management and Integrated
C
Coastal
t l and
d Ocean
O
Management
M
t
by 2010 in the Context of
Climate Change
www.cnrh-srh.gov.br
Coccossis, H., Burt, T. and Weide, V. D. J. (1999).
(
)
Conceptual framework and planning guidelines for
integrated coastal area and river basin management.
Split: PAP/RAC, UNEP/MAP/PAP, Split, Priority
Actions Programme: Mediterranean Action Plan
This document should be seen as a general tool while
d t il d d
detailed
descriptions
i ti
off natural
t l processes, h
human
activities and their interactions can be found in
specialised scientific literature. The document has two
parts. The first p
p
part p
presents a conceptual
p
framework
for Integrated Coastal Area and River Basin
Management, based on the hydrological, geochemical,
ecological and socio-economic linkages between the
river
i
b
basins
i and
d coastal
t l areas, while
hil th
the second
d partt
presents practical procedures for achieving the ICARM
goals. The Guidelines provide a conceptual framework
for initiating
gp
plans and can be used also on a selective
basis for specific aspects of integrated coastal area
and river basin management.
Coccossis, H., Burt, T. and Weide, V. D. J. (1999). Conceptual framework and planning guidelines for integrated coastal area and
river basin management. Split: PAP/RAC, UNEP/MAP/PAP, Split, Priority Actions Programme: Mediterranean Action Plan
Study Area
Land: 3,138.4 km2 (52.5%)
Sea: 1,885.6
1 885 6 km2 (37.5%)
(37 5%)
Coastline: 97,0 km
Resolution # 30 CNRH (11/30/2002): Guidelines for subdivision of national
watersheds (Otto Pfafstetter Method).
Resolution # 32 CNRH (10/15/2003): Define the national hydrographic
framework.
Espírito Santo State
watershed framework
The ‘ottobasin’ is the
natural unity for the
adoption of guidelines
for integrated
management.
Verdin,, K. L. and Verdin,, J. P.
(1999). A topological system
for delineation and codification
of the Earth’s river basins.
Journal of Hydrology, 218: 112.
Gemorphological
Setting according to
Martin et al
al., (1997)
Martin, L., Suguio, K., Dominguez, J. M. L. and Flexor, J. M. (1997).
Geologia do Quaternário costeiro do litoral do norte do estado do Rio de
Janeiro e do Espírito Santo. Belo Horizonte, CPRM - Serviço Geológico do
Brasil e FAPESP.
Methods
Methods
Spatial database
ArcGIS 9.2
UTM coordinate
di t system,
t
South
S th A
American
i
1969 d
datum
t
GEOBASES (Integrated Georeferenced Database System of
E í it Santo
Espírito
S t State)
St t )
Elevation Data: Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM)
Satellite imagery: CBERS 2 and Landsat TM
Methods
Basin discharge
Empirical model: balance between rainfall, evapotranspiration, and runoff
(Molisnai et al., 2006; Kjerfve et al., 1997; Molisani et al., 2007)
Q (m3/s) = ∫ ∫A r.(∆f/r).dA
where r is precipitation (mm/year,
(mm/year converted to m/s)
∆f/r is the runoff ratio
∆f/r = e-E0/r
where E0 is the potential evapotranspiration (mm/year)
(
y )
E0 = 1.109 e-4620/T
where T is the temperature in Kelvin degrees
Methods
Basin discharge
Rainfall data
Annual mean rainfall according to 12 meteorological stations
Temperature data
According to Feitoza et al. (2001) and corrected adiabatically by 0.97 per 100 m increase
Methods
Assessment of the extent and dispersal patterns of estuarine
plumes
Image stretch and reclassification
Supervised classification of satellite imagery (Leica Image Analysis for
ArcGIS 9.2)
CBERS 2: band 2
Landsat 5 TM: band 2
Methods
Land use:
R l
Reclassification
ifi ti off GEOBASES’ land
l d use unities
iti
Categories:
•
y
((aquatic
q
and terrestrial))
Natural systems
•
Semi natural systems (agriculture and pastureland)
•
Urban and industrial systems (cities and industrial plants)
Methods
Population data:
IBGE 2000 Population Census (municipalities and counties)
IBGE 2006 Population Counting (counties)
Population Density:
Inhabitants / county area (km2)*
* Calculated from GEOBASES counties areas
Methods
River basin/Coastline Pressure Indicator – RBCP:
RBCP = RBS/CL
where: RBS indicates the river basin land surface (km2)
CL indicates the river basin coastline length (km)
C
Coastal
t l Human
H
P
Pressure IIndicator
di t - CHP
CHP = RBCI/CL
where: RBCI indicates river basin counties inhabitants
CL indicates the river basin coastline length (km)
Methods
Management Zones:
• a critical zone or a narrow band of land and sea a few hundred
metres wide, adjacent to the shoreline, usually of highest ecological
value and subject to intense pressures for development;
• a dynamic zone which may extend both inland and seaward, usually a
few kilometres wide, where there is strong dependence and/or
i fl
influence
off h
human activities
ti iti and
d natural
t l processes on coastal
t l ffeatures
t
and resources; and
• a wider zone of influence, often many kilometres wide which
influences in part, directly or indirectly, the other two zones.
Results
Physiographic Settings
Relief
Land
Fluvial order, estuaries and lakes
Fluvial density of river basins
Basin
Basin Area
Fluvial Network
Fluvial Density
(km2)
(km)
(km/km2)
1319.9
965.5
0.7
Reis Magos
822.4
1307.7
1.6
Piraquê
425.2
502.0
1.2
Coastal Basin 1
222.8
235.5
1.1
J
Jacaraípe
í
200 4
200.4
562 5
562.5
28
2.8
Vitória
85.9
149.2
1.7
Coastal Basin 2
54 6
54.6
-
-
3722.4
1.2
Riacho
Total
3131.2
Mean Annual Rainfall
Monthly Mean Rainfall
300
Ra
ainfall (mm)
250
200
150
100
50
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
month
Sã JJosé
São
éd
de P
Petrópolis
t ó li
A
Arcruz
litoral
lit l
Ri h
Riacho
Fundão
Jacupemba
Porto de Tubarão
Cachoeira Suiça Sta Leopoldina
Santa Maria do Jetibá
Colatina - Corpo Bombeiro
Povoação
Aracruz
Dec
Summary of meteorological data and calculated runoff (annual mean) for the
river basins.
Basin
Riacho
Area
Maximum Height
T
Rainfall
E0
Runoff ratio
Q
(km2)
(m)
(°C)
(mm/year)
(mm)
Df/r
(m3/s)
1319.9
642
20.9 -26.7
1211 - 1323
149.7 - 202.9
0.84 - 0.89
43.0
Reis Magos
822.4
1028
17.5 - 26.2
1220 - 1515
124.6 - 198.2
0.84 - 0.90
30.0
Piraquê
425.2
984
17.5 - 26.3
1154 - 1412
124.6 - 198.2
0.84 - 0.90
14.5
Coastal
Basin 1
222.8
120
26.7
1270
202,9
0.85
7.6
Jacaraípe
200.4
779
19.9 - 26.7
1240 - 1316
141.9 - 202.9
0.84 - 0.89
6.7
Vitória
85.9
44
26.7
1280
202,9
0.85
3.0
Coastal
Basin 2
54.6
22
26.7
1244
202,9
0.84
1.8
Total discharge: 106.6 m3/s
Results
Socio-economic Settings
Summary of Demographic Data
Basin human population: 595
595,422
422 inhabitants
Population Density: 189,7 inhabitants/km2
CHP*: 2,264.2 inhabitants/km of coastline
*CHP: Coastal Human Pressure
Population Data
Population: 561,313
inhabitants
Population Density:
101 1 inhab
101.1
inhab./km
/km2
Land Use
Landascape Compartments
Area
(km2)
%
Natural systems
1061.0
39.2
Semi-natural systems
1527.4
56.4
Urban-industrial systems
y
95.6
3.5
rock/bare soil
25.7
0.9
2709.8
100
Total
Socio-economic
Setting
Results
River Basins Profiles
Riacho basin
Geophysical Setting
• Area: 1,319.9 km2
• Fluvial network: 965.5 km
• Fluvial order: 6th
• Discharge: 43.0 m3/s
• Coastline: 7.1 km (including estuarine
shoreline)
• Estimated estuarine area: 0.18 km2
Indicators
• LCP*: 185.2 km2/km
• Land use
Natural systems: 291.7 km2 (27.6 %)
Semi natural systems: 748.7 km2 (70.9%)
Urban-industrial systems: 3.3 km2 (0.3 %)
*LCP: Land Coastline Pressure indicator
Reis Magos basin
Geophysical Setting
• Area: 822.4 km2
• Fluvial network: 1,307.7 km
• Coastline: 43.1 km (including
estuarine
t i shoreline)
h li )
Indicators
• LCP*: 19.1 km2/km
• Land use
Natural systems: 374.3 km2 (47.8%)
Semi natural systems: 394.7 km2 (50.4%)
Urban-industrial systems: 11.4 km2 (1.5%)
Piraquê-açu basin
Geophysical Setting
• Area: 424.2 km2
• Coastline: 79.4 km (including
estuarine shoreline)
• Estimated estuarine area: 7.48
km2
Indicators
• LCP*: 17.5 km2/km
• Land use
Semi natural systems: 222
222.2
2 km2 (52.5%)
(52 5%)
Urban-industrial systems: 3.0km2 (0.7%)
Coastal sub-basin 1
Geophysical
p y
Setting
g
• Area: 222.8 km2
• Coastline: 16.8 km
Indicators
• LCP*: 13.3 km2/km
• Land use
Semi-natural systems: 128.8km2 (63.9%)
Urban-industrial
Urban
industrial systems: 10.0km2 (5.0%)
Jacaraípe basin
Geophysical Setting
• Area: 200.4 km2
• Coastline: 11.4 km (including estuarine
shoreline)
Indicators
• LCP*: 17.5 km2/km
• Land use
Natural systems: 55.9 km2 (27.8 %)
Semi-natural systems: 112.5 km2 (56.0 %)
Urban-industrial systems: 29.2 km2 (14.6 %)
Vitória basin
Geophysical Setting
• Area: 85.9
85 9 km2
• Fluvial network: 149
149.2
2 km
• Coastline: 30.2km
Indicators
• LCP*: 2.8 km2/km
• Land use
Semi-natural systems: 15.1 km2 (17.6%)
Urban-industrial systems: 38.6 km2 (45.1%)
Coastal sub-basin 2
Geophysical
p y
Setting
g
• Area: 54.6 km2
• Fluvial network: 0 km
• Fluvial order: • Coastline: 33.7 km
Indicators
• LCP*: 1.6 km2/km
• Land use
Natural systems: km2 (%)
Semi-natural systems: km2 (%)
Urban industrial systems: km2 (%)
Urban-industrial
Results
Management Zones
Management Zones
Critical Zone: direct effects of human activities ((seabased and
landbased activities) and natural costal processes (marine and fluvial
dynamics)
Estuarine ecosystems
Dynamic Zone: indirect effects of human activities (seabased and
landbased activities) and natural river basin and costal processes
marine
i and
d flfluvial
i ld
dynamics)
i )
• by law protected areas within the basin
• marine area within the isobath of 10m
Wider Zone of Influence: indirect effects of human activities (seabased
(
and landbased activities) and natural river basin and costal processes
marine and fluvial dynamics)
• river
i
b
basin
i area;
• Territorial Sea (12 nm).
Management Zones
Review Critical Zone
• Mapping estuarine ecosystem: salinity classes
• Define the relative spatial pattern of estuarine plumes
(plume core)
Review Wider Zone of Influence
• Mapping other inner and other shelf waters (e.g., sediment
ressuspension)
• Define the relative spatial pattern of estuarine plumes
(plume core + inner shelf waters)
• Submarine groundwater discharge
• Submarine outfalls (industrial and domestic)
Review Critical Zone: Mapping
Estuarine Ecosystems
Estuarine Plume: assessment of extent and dispersal patterns
CBERS BAND 2 03-11-04
Stretch and Reclassication
Supervised classification
Stretch and Reclassication
Landsat 5 TM BAND 2 2005
stretch
stretch
Aerial photography 2002
Thank you for your attention

land use, river flow and management zones

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