Hist 19 The History of Mexico - Mario G. Valadez Instructor of History

Topics
• Participation Assignment #2 Due Thursday
• Review New Spain
• Gender & Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz
1
New Spain
2
Administration of New Spain
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King Charles V (Hapsburg)
Council of Indies (Seville)
Viceroy (Mexico City)
Audiencia
Provincial Officials
– Corregidores
3
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Charles V 1519-1556
House of Hapsburg
4
2 Republics
New Spain
Republic of
Indians
Republic of
Spanish
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Mercantilism
6
Colonial Economy
• New Spain Exports
• Mining
– Silver: Zacatecas 1/3 of Mexico silver
• Agriculture
– cochineal, red dye
• Manila-Acapulco Trade 1565-1815
China Poblana
7
Las Castas
8
Colonial Society
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Colonial Society: Race, Class, Gender
• European (Spanish)
• Indigenous
• African
• Castas
– Derogatory
– 60 labels
• Limpiez de Sangre
• Cedula de Gracias al Sacar
10
Depiction of Racial Mixtures by Miguel
Cabrera
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Private Collection
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Colonial Society
• Europeans
– Peninsulares
– Criollos
• Indigenous
– Majority through colonial
period
– No firearms, pay tribute
• Africans
– Conquest: Juan Garrido Cortes
– Sugar plantations
16
Yanga, Veracruz
Gaspar Yanga
• Establish first free town in
1609.
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Caste Society
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Colonial Mexican Sayings
• no te confíes de indio barbón, ni de gachupín
lampiño (Do not confide in a hairy native nor
a bald Spaniard)
• gachupín con criollo, gavilán con pollo
(Spaniard with criollo, sparrow hawk with
chicken)
• al mestizo, el diablo lo hizo; al indito, el Dios
bendito (The mestizo created by the devil and
the native by God)
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Telenovelas
Discussion Questions
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Who wrote the article?
What is mestizaje?
Is this a primary source?
What kind of society is creating in colonial
Mexico?
• Do the casta paintings celebrate Mexico’s
diversity?
• What is one legacy of the colonial Mexican
society?
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Family History
• www.familysearch.org
• Black Mexicans
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JIzHIRCBtdE
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Mexico City during the Colonial Period
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1692 Mexico City Riot
“Death to the Gachupines”
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June 8 1692 Mexico City Riot
• Causes of “Corn Riot”
– Shortage of grain
– Raising prices
• Corpus Christi Festival
• 10,000 Indians & Castas set fire to National
palace
• Cry of the people “Death to the Gachupines”
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Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora
1645-1700
Criollo intellectual
Sor Juana’ s contemporary
Educated by the Jesuits
Saved historical documents
from the destruction of the
1692 riot
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The Labyrinth of Solitude
Octavio Paz
• “Our Spanish-Arabic inheritance is only a
partial explanation of this conduct. The
Spanish attitude toward women is very
simple. It is expressed quite brutally and
concisely in these two sayings, ‘a woman’s
place is in the home with a broken leg’….”
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Women
Spanish Catholic patriarchal society
Family
Compadrazgo
Marriages
Castas tended to be born from parents that were not
married
Indians & Spanish higher rate of marriages
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Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
• What is royal
patronage?
• How does Sor Juana
challenge the Spanish
patriarchal system?
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Hombres Necios (Stubborn Men)
Ah stupid men, unresonable
In blaming woman’s nature,
Oblivious that your acts incite
The very faults you censure.
………………………………………………
Which has the greater sin when
burned
By the same lawless fever:
She who is amorously deceived,
Or he, the sly deceiver?
Or which deserves the sterner
blame,
Though each will be a sinner:
She who becomes a whore for pay,
Or he who pays to win her?
Hombres necios que acusáis
a la mujer sin razón,
sin ver que sois la ocasión
de lo mismo que culpáis;
…………………………………………………….
¿Cuál mayor culpa ha tenido
en una pasión errada:
la que cae de rogada
o el que ruega de caído?
¿O cuál es más de culpar,
aunque cualquiera mal haga:
la que peca por la paga
o el que paga por pecar?
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• La Malinche
• Doña Marina
(Malintzin)
• 1496-1529
Sons of la Malinche
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Guadalupe= Coatlaxopeuh
Tonantzin
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