Parsisiųsti - Construction21

Konferencijos metu eksponuojama kraštovaizdžio architekturos darbu paroda. Pranešimų santraukos
publikuojamos konferencijos e-leidinyje: http://gaia.vgtu.lt. Atrinkti recenzuoti straipsniai bus
publikuojami mokslo žurnale „Urbanistika ir architektura“
Alėjos kaip istoriniai dokumentai
Milda Aidukaitė
Žalioji architektūra ir rudoji urbanistika: priešprieša ar
sąlyčio taškai
Dalia Bardauskienė, Mindaugas Pakalnis
A Social Sustainability Approach in Addressing the
Problematic of the Socialist Housing Estates in Lithuania
Vytautas Buinevicius
Innovative approaches for energy efficient architecture
Francesco De Luca
„GREEN“ ARCHITECTURE IN HISTORICAL
LITHUANIAN TOWN PUBLIC SPACES STRUCTURE
Dovilė Furmaniukaitė
Green architecture as a method to measure human and
architectural environment improve the quality of living
together.
Petras Grecevičius
Rammed Earth. Gravel – Sand – Stone – Clay
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SUSTAINABLE AND
INNOVATIVE ARCHITECTURE SOLUTIONS IN THE
RECONSTRUCTION OF THE HANGAR PROJECT
Marius Mickaitis
Future of large scale housing estates in the post socialist
cities
Justina Muliuolytė
ENERGY SAVING ARCHITECTURE IN CONTEXT
OF REGIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Roberts Riekstinš
GREEN URBAN DEVELOPMENT: GUIDELINES AND
PROBLEMS OF A NEW APPROACH AND
DESIGNING METHOD
Vladas Stauskas
Waterscape design in urban environment: integrated
solutions in a traditional form
Gintaras Stauskis
Green Open Space in Large Scale Housing Estates: a
Place for Challenge
Sandra Treija, Uģis Bratuškins
Hanno Burtscher
Network city Transport based urbanisation in Kaunas
Tadas Jonauskis
SEARCHING A SYSTEM OF PARADIGMS FOR
CULTURAL LANDSCAPE PLANNING
Paulius Kavaliauskas
The relationship between architecture and energy
efficiency of a building
Andrius Keizikas
ARCHITECTURE DECONSTRUCTION AS REAPPLICATION
Ignas Lukauskas
About ecology in Heritage Protection
Nijolė Lukšionytė
City axes in The Netherlands: China in the polder?
Martynas Marozas
Available resources of the lot for integrated building
design
Vytautas Martinaitis
Stone and Grass in the Squares of Lithuanian Towns
Alvydas Žickis
Green architecture and national identity of rural
landscape in Latvia
Aija Ziemelniece
Miestas kaip besikeičiantis bendruomenės kultūrinis
reiškinys
Jonas Jakaitis
Miestų transporto infrastruktūros objektų projektavimas
taikant darnios plėtros principus
Antanas Klibavičius
Žmogaus poveikis urbanistinės aplinkos florai
Viktoras Pranckietis
Metodologinė būsto ekologiškumo vertinimo sistema ir
jos taikymo geografiniai ypatumai
Ričardas Skorupskas
DARNAUS BIRŠTONO MIESTO MODELIS
ATNAUJINANT MIESTO KVARTALUS IR
GERINANT GYVENIMO KOKYBĘ
Edita Šarkienė, Lina Užšilaitytė, Tatjana Vilutienė, Vaidotas
Šarka
ALĖJOS KAIP ISTORINIAI DOKUMENTAI
Milda Aidukaitė
Atestuota
Želdynų
projektų
rengimo
Lietuvos kraštovaizdžio architektų sąjunga
vadovė
Abstract
Kraštovaizdžio architektūros objektų istoriniai aspektai
pastaruoju metu atkreipia į save vis didesnį dėmesį. Prieš
šimtmečius žmogaus sukurtos parkų erdvės, reprezentacinėse
parkų dalyse esančios alėjos, sunykusių senųjų kelių alėjų
fragmentai, ar dalinai išlikusios senosios medžių eilės,
pasodintos prieš 100 - 200 ir daugiau metų, pavieniai medžiai
- primena senus laikus, kuriuos kartu išgyveno su ten
gyvenusiais žmonėmis. Šie vertingi kraštovaizdžio
elementai
praturtina jį savitu istoriniu pojūčiu,
jungiančiu dabartį su vietovės praeitimi.
Vietovės autentiškumo išsaugojimas - labai trapus dalykas.
Medžiai – senoliai turi apibrėžtą, tam tikrą laiko paskirtą
gyvenimą, priklausomai nuo medžio rūšies, nuo aplinkos,
kurioje jie gyvena. Senieji mūsų medžiai kur jie beaugtų, į
kokius kraštovaizdžio architektūros darinius būtų susijungę turi istorinę, meninę ir dendrologinę vertę. Tai ir biologinė
vertybė, biologinis turtas priklausantis ekologinėms
sistemoms. Istorinėse dendrologinėse erdvėse (nepaliestose
žmogaus)
visada
klesti
biologinė
įvairovė.
Ekosistemos medžiams senoliams ir jų dariniams
padeda išlikti, išgyventi. Medis yra ekosistemos dalis. Jo
išlikimui labai svarbi jį supanti aplinka su savo tarpusavio
ryšiais. Atkuriant istorinius želdynus yra pažeidžiamos
ekosistemos – dažnai net sunaikinamos. Į senus medžius
žiūrima kaip į tam tikros istorinės struktūros elementus – tik
iš estetinės ar meninės pusės. Bet nereikia pamiršti, kad šie
medžiai jau priklauso tam tikroms ekosistemoms, kartais
kintančioms dėl aplinkos natūralaus kitimo, dėl pačių
bendrijų individų gyvybinės veiklos, antropogeninių faktorių.
Ekosistema negali egzistuoti be sąveikų su kitomis
ekosistemomis. Tam, kad padarytume kuo mažiau žalos
medžio gyvenimui ir sugyvenimui su jį supančia aplinka iš
vienos pusės, ir išsaugotume žmogaus sukurtą meno kūrinį
kaip vertybę, turime nueiti tam tikrą pažinimo kelią skirtą
konkrečiam atvejui ir surasti teisingą sprendimą aplinkos
kokybės gerinimo link. Alėjos – kaip kraštovaizdžio
architektūros elementai dar yra ir ekodendrologiniai
kompleksai, priskirtini mikroekosistemoms, kuriose be
vienos rūšies medžių dar gyvena įvairūs kiti augalai, gyvūnai
ir mikroorganizmai. Juos jungia viena, tik šiems
organizmams būdinga gyvenamoji vieta, tik jai būdingas
dirvožemis ir mikroklimatas. Prieš pradenant istorinių
želdynų atkūrimo darbus turėtume suprasti vieną dalyką, kad
įvertindami autentiškas ir formuodami naujas menines erdves
reikėtų įsigilinti į aplinkoje esančių augalų, gyvūnų ir
mikroorganizmų besikeičiančius tarpusavio ryšius: nuolat
vykstančią medžiagų ir energijos apykaitą ir susiformavusius
palyginti pastovius tarpusavio santykius bei ryšius.
Prieš pradedant istorinių želdynų atkūrimo ir jų projektavimo
darbus, be istorinių kultūrinių tyrimų, reikėtų atlikti
ekologinius, medžio biologinius tyrimus. Istoriniam želdyno
atkuriamajam etapui reikalingas profesionalus medžių būklės
įvertinimas tam tikrais aspektais. Ypatingai svarbus šios
būklės kartografavimas. Tam tikrų duomenų sudėjimas į
lenteles, kurios būtų naudojamos medžių priežiūros procese.
Taikomieji dendrologiniai ir kiti taikomieji tyrimai leidžia
suvokti mikroekosistemas. Vertingųjų savybių nustatymas,
grėsmių numatymas, stebėsena, skirtingų lygmenų
priežiūra, dokumentacijos paruošimas – tai profesionalus
istorinio želdyno įvertinimas prieš pradedant jam gyventi
naujose meninėse erdvėse.
Literatūra ir šaltiniai
1.
Historische
Alleen
in
Schleswig-Holstein
–
geschutzte Biotope und grune Kulturdenkmale, Prof. Dr.
Dirk Dujesiefken , Institut fur Baumpflege. Hamburg, 2009,
p.100, ISBN: 978-3- 937937-40-3.
2. Michel Thom Penette. Impulsas susirūpinti Lietuvos
parkais. Kultūros barai, 2002, vasaris, p.60-63, ISSN 01343106
3. Bučas J., Vedeninas J. Žaliasis kultūros paveldas
kraštovaizdžio vertybių sistemoje. Parkas mieste – socialinis
ir
ekonominis veiksnys, Tarptautinės konferencijos
medžiaga. Vilnius, 2005, p.116.
4. Navys E.V. Sumedėjusių augalų ištvermingumo zonos
Lietuvoje,
žiemos
pakenkimai
ir
jų
įvertinimas, Vilniaus universiteto leidykla, Vilnius, 2008,
p.43
Keywords: kraštovaizdžio
architektūra, istoriniai
želdynai, želdynai, alėjos, ekosistema, autentiškas
ŽALIOJI ARCHITEKTŪRA IR RUDOJI
URBANISTIKA: PRIEŠPRIEŠA AR SĄLYČIO
TAŠKAI
Dalia Bardauskienė, Mindaugas Pakalnis
VGTU Statybos ekonomikos ir nekilnojamo turto vadybos
katedra
VGTU Urbanistikos katedra
Abstract
Žalioji architektūra ir urbanistika (angl. green architecture
and urbanism ) yra palyginus nauja koncepcija, tačiau jos
tikslai gerai žinomi: užtikrinti darnų aplinkos, visuomenės ir
ekonomikos vystymąsi (Global Eco cities survey
2011). Kadangi darnus vystymasis urbanistikoje yra surištas
su vietos klausimu, kalbant profesionaliu žargonu ją galima
vadinti rudąja ir žaliaja urbanistika, plėtra žaliajame lauke
(angl. green field ) ar rudajame lauke (angl. brown field)).
Rudoji urbanistika ( XX a. vid. koncepcija) šiuolaikinėje
Europoje suprantama kaip degraduojančių pramoninių ir kitų
nuskurdintų miesto erdvių bei infrastruktūros atnaujinimas ir
antrinis panaudijimas, ji ypač aktuali Rytų ir Vidurio Europos
miestams. Žalioji urbanistika (XIX a. pabaigos miesto sodo
koncepcija) tęsia odisėją per pasaulį, nors sulaukia griežtos
kritikos dėl brovimosi į susiklosčiusias ekosistemas ir
vartotojiškos kultūros skleidimo.
Strateguodami žaliosios architektūros ateitį Lietuvoje,
autoriai mato sankirtą tarp idėjos idealizmo ir tikrovės,
pasižyminčios miestų ekspansija į užmiesčius bei naujų žalio
lauko
teritorijų
urbanizacijos
(Bardauskiene,
D.
2011). Teigia, kad šiuolaikinėje miestų plėtros praktikoje
žalioji architektūra būtų daugiausia suprasta kaip žaliojo
lauko urbanizacija pastatais su minimaliu poveikiu sveikatai,
supančiai aplinkai ir energijos vartojimui (pasyvūs namai).
Šią tendenciją patvirtina ir aktualūs Vilniaus miesto naujų
statybų sklaidos, gyventojų amžiaus, priemiesčių žemės
naudojimo ir verčių kaitos tyrimai. Jie rodo žaliajai
urbanistikai palankias tendencijas, nors mieste yra gausu
rudojo lauko teritorijų su prieiga prie viešosios
infrastruktūros. Tyrimai atskleidžia žaliosios architektūros ir
rudosios urbanistikos sankirtą, kurią pralaimi pastaroji.
paper is questioning the sufficiency of such approach within
the context of post-socialist city trends. It is suggested that
social sustainability could be a beneficial complementary
approach which would enable to address the complexity of
the problematization in its wider scope. Furthermore, such
approach could overlap and strengthen the current economic
and environmental sustainability agendas resulting in
comprehensive urban planning strategies. Through the
following chapters it is intended to exemplify how a social
sustainability approach could unfold in a logical sequence of
reasoning leading from the problematization and strategic
urban planning task to concrete strategy and design proposals
for renovation and restructurization of the socialist housing
estates in Lithuania.
References
Autoriai įsitikinę, kad žaliosios architektūros idėjų sėkmė
priklausos nuo jų sąlyčio su vieta. Remdmiesi tarptautine
praktika ir teoriniais teiginiais, žaliosios architektūros sėkmę
mato sąlytyje su rudaja urbanistika (Brownfield Policy
Improvement Task Force 2012). Daromos išvados, kad žalioji
architektūra gali tapti darnaus vystymosi varikliu, jei
visuomenėje ir miesto plėtros praktikoje bus įveikti įsišakniję
sociokultūriniai paradigmai. Kita vertus, darnus vystymasis
yra socialiniai, ekonominiai ir aplinkosauginiai uždaviniai,
kuriuos gali suderinti urbanistinė politika ir įžvalgus teritorijų
planavimas (National Planning Policy Framework, 2012).
Diegiant žaliosios architektūro idėjas, galvojant apie jų
meniškumą ir technologinį inovatyvumą, būtinas integruotas
žaliosios architektūros ir miestų bei priemiečių planavimas,
pastovus situacijos stebėjimas ir vertinimas. Laukia diskusija
apie tai ar šis inovatyvumas perspektyvoje taps pažanga, ar
tęs globalią, vartotojišką miestų naikinimo kultūrą
(Rubavičius, V. 2011).
Keywords: žalioji architektūra, žalioji urbanistika, rudoji
urbanistika, darnus vystymasis, sociokultūriniai
Kempen, R. V.; Murie, A.; Knorr-Siedow, T.; Tosics, I. 2006.
Regenerating Large Housing Estates in Europe: A Guide to
Better
Practice.
Zeist:
A-D
Druk
bv.
Stanilov, K. 2007. The Post-Socialist City: Urban Form and
Space Transformations in Central and Eastern Europe After
Socialism. Dordrecht: Springer
Keywords: social sustainability; social diversity, socialist
housing estates; urban complexity strategies, Integrated
Intensification
INNOVATIVE APPROACHES FOR ENERGY
EFFICIENT ARCHITECTURE
Francesco De Luca
Associate Professor - Tallinn University of Technology Tartu
College
Abstract
A SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY APPROACH IN
ADDRESSING THE PROBLEMATIC OF THE
SOCIALIST HOUSING ESTATES IN LITHUANIA
Vytautas Buinevicius
Architect
Abstract
Declining post-war housing estates in Western Europe have
been a challenging task for politicians and planners since the
1980s. Meanwhile, the fall of the Soviet Union opened broad
new horizons of the massive housing estates in central and
eastern Europe, housing about 40% of the residents in the
post-socialist cities. Within that context we can see
Lithuanian housing estates which house 66% of the
population. This paper is approaching the issue of socialist
built housing estates in Lithuania through the facets of urban
sustainability agenda. The current approach that is seen in the
related governmental policies is arguably based on economic
and partly environmental considerations focusing on energy
efficiency as one of the main, if not the ultimate, goal. The
Current sustainable design projects and architectural
experimentations are improving substantially nowadays by
the use of advanced and innovative digital design
technologies and methodologies. These significantly increase
the designer’s awareness that green architecture is not a
requirement but a completely whole method of work, it’s not
a scope, it’s a principle. This is strengthened by architects’
new interest toward the essence of development of forms in
nature and complex processes in geometry, mathematics and
biology. The buildings are not anymore neutral and idle
objects, but they interact with the environmental conditions
like living organisms. These are developed through bottomup design methodologies based on the genotype/phenotype
principle of biology and take place by transformation and
adaptation processes. In this way the bio-logic or biomimicry
aspect of the new designs is strengthened, enhanced by a
persuasive use of digital generative and parametric formfinding
methodologies.
The paper will have a double aspect. On one side will
critically discuss the current digital methodologies of design
using energy and environmental analysis (Orientation,
Shading and Shadows, Solar Access and Exposure, Lighting
and Right-to-Light Analysis) in association with parametric,
associative and generative digital design tools. The
innovative aspect of this work method is to use the analysis
tools not anymore at the end of the project, or at important
steps of it, to verify its correspondence to the requirements
but it is employed from the very early stages, since the
concept phase. Will be presented a variety of applications of
this
design
methodologies.
On the other side the paper will focus on the research project
of the author about the creation, through visual coding, of
parametric digital design tools for the determination of Solar
Envelope, the calculation of the maximum building volume
allowed that permits proper Right-to-Light to the surrounding
buildings and allow the required Direct Sunlight Illumination
hours on surrounding facades at specific time of the year. At
the same time the generated envelope can be furthermore
developed in relation with its own illumination needs
depending on its orientation and on the existing surrounding
buildings. The scope is to find the best floors layout and to
optimize the facades’ openings and articulations for the most
efficient natural lighting and shading. The innovative aspect
of this method is that it determines at the same time, shape
and features of the building actively in relation with the
environment morphology, to allow the required illumination
to the surroundings and to maximize its wellness,
functionality
and
efficiency.
The critical work underline how the simulation and
performative digital techniques used not as verification but as
design tools allow the designers to work in a more efficient
way, optimizing time and costs, and to create highly
integrated
environmental
design
and
cutting-edge
architecture.
The innovative approach of the research project is to develop
a method for architects and planners to easily and
interactively evaluate the different possibilities and options of
design taking into account municipalities requirements and
construction regulations, together with building performances
in terms of energy efficiency, spaces optimization, project
requirements and integration with the environment. Will be
presented author’s design case studies developed with the
tool and comparative and evaluation results of the usability
and potentiality of the proposed system.
„GREEN“ ARCHITECTURE IN HISTORICAL
LITHUANIAN TOWN PUBLIC SPACES STRUCTURE
importantly, highlights the many problems of urban cores historic old towns or parts public spaces recreation
development network, distinctive and unique natural
landscape, highlighting aesthetic-psychological effects visual
communications and other issues. Topics relevant and unique
transformation of Lithuanian historical public spaces
conditions, that formed a political, economic, social and
others factors. These and other aspects resulted in to the
unclear and there is an unresolved complex structure of
natural and urban areas the ratio situation.
Dovilė Furmaniukaitė
Department of Architectural Fundamentals and Theory ,
Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Pylimo g. 26/Trakų
g. 1, LT-01132 Vilnius, Lithuania
Abstract
Article and the report is an intention overview of Lithuania's
major public spaces in historic cities "green" architecture of
sustainable development issues and problems of prospective
trends.
Given the importance of sustainable development ideas for
the development and expression of relevance in the context of
the world, it is necessary to develop and explore the
principles of sustainable development, one of which - "green"
architecture. Sustainability development includes primarily
qualitative rather than quantitative changes in the growth¹.
Qualitative growth is seen as a perfection not only satisfies
the current needs of society, but without diminishing the
opportunities of future generations, and combines the needs
of the development of social, economic and spheres of the
natural environment². Today, the current needs of society
most minimally resolved, but also creates serious problems
for future generations.
References
Keywords: environment, integration, analysis, efficiency,
optimization,
generative,
digital
design.
Judging the "green" architecture for sustainable development
of historic urban public spaces problems and perspective is
necessary for the establishment of guidelines for analysis and
discussion.
Keywords: : "green" architecture, history, landscape,
public space, sustainable development, principles of
sustainable development.
GREEN ARCHITECTURE AS A METHOD TO
MEASURE
HUMAN
AND
ARCHITECTURAL
ENVIRONMENT IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF
LIVING TOGETHER.
Petras Grecevičius
University of Klaipėda
Abstract
In historical Lithuanian towns public spaces structure is not
"green" architectural innovation, development, preservation
of landscape values, human and environment for sustainable
co-existence and uniqueness of qualitative improvement of
highlighting strategies. "Green" architecture emergence and
development of public places is one of the most important
aspects of sustainable development strategy. But most
Human and architectural environment harmony problems
solved in the world from the oldest times, but a special
recovery observed in recent decades. Seeking to a higher
quality of living environment makes town-planner, architects
and landscape architects searching for new more efficient
solutions. Increasingly new problems arise for various
reasons. At first it was necessary decided only protection
from the natural environment negative factors, such as rain,
wind, cold,... but when the city started growing up, then had
needed to protect people from industrial pollution, car noise.
Green architecture components, used in formed the
environment, were usually near the architectural building, as
an additional, but not always necessary, composite measure.
Living environment arsenal of quality improvement
measures was limited for streets or yard green plantation,
acoustic walls, measures of buildings grouping, ideas of
acoustic house. Living, industrial and public premises
ecology a problem has been dealing with ventilation, air
conditioning measures. One of the most effective solutions
associated with the city functional zoning idea.
Unfortunately, solving one problem, another was born. Lack
of energy resources induced a passive, efficient house idea.
Again returned skeptically evaluated the sun, wind and other
energy types, which began to destroy the traditional building
form. Modern buildings are often similar to technological
equipment, rather than Gothic and Baroque masterpiece.
Newest… etc., green technology begins to penetrate and in
the Old Town areas, destroying the usual red-tiled roofs
rhythm. The biggest unresolved problem become increasingly
deteriorating air quality in the central parts of the cities,
where less and less are Natural air quality maintenance factor
- the tree. In recent years, many people in European cities
during the hot summer time felt the disastrous health effects
of smog.
The author of this article with research groups in recent years
began to search for new methods, how to solve housing,
living environment in the city of ecology problems with in
landscape architecture used elements support. Green
architecture method in this case becomes an important
instrument for human and architectural environment improve
the quality of living in harmony. Treat not only individual
green
elements
integration into
building
architectural structure but using a complex assessment
method. There are currently deployed all known factors.
Assessed not only decorative plant features but and their
effects on the human body. In this article submitted the first
results of the study and some preliminary environmental
quality improvement solutions.
Keywords: green architecture, landscape, home ecology,
environmental quality.
RAMMED EARTH. GRAVEL – SAND – STONE –
CLAY
compacted. This procedure is repeated until the final height
of the wall is reached and the formwork removed. The
rammed
earth
wall
is
created.
This is the way the Great Wall of China was built as well as
the Alhambra in Seville; and this is the way rammed earth
walls were built over thousands of years all over the world
until the present day. This 4000 year old construction
technique carries answers for today’s requirements of
sustainable
architecture.
Aim of my presentation: with the help of images of the
projects I was involved in countries like India, Indonesia,
Thailand and Columbia, you will get introduced to rammed
earth and you will understand the main benefits for humans
and for nature. You will learn how adaptable this technique
is; for use in different cultures, climates, using local materials
and local infrastructure. My aim is to present a solution to
several issues we are currently dealing with in the field of
architecture:
•
•
•
•
•
reduction of carbon footprint in the production of
construction materials by using natural materials;
reduction of long distance transportation of
construction materials by using local material;
reduction of energy needed for air-conditioning due
to the ability of rammed earth to store heat;
the shielding of electromagnetic waves created by
mobile phones;
transmitter and wireless internet stations.
Methodology: my approach is not only scientific, it is also
very practical. The knowledge I am going to present was
gained by direct application of the rammed earth techniques
in different countries and cultures.
References
Keywords: rammed earth, earth architecture, sustainable
building, sustainable building material, natural building
method, low cost construction technique.
NETWORK CITY TRANSPORT BASED
URBANISATION IN KAUNAS
Tadas Jonauskis
MVRDV
Abstract
Hanno Burtscher
Earthman
Abstract
Four elements: gravel – sand – stone – clay, are put together
and just enough water is added to create a damp mixture. A
layer of 15cm of this mixture is poured into a formwork,
which will define the final shape of the wall. In order to
achieve strength and stability, this mixture needs to be
Sustainable city is based on a good mobility network that is
well integrated into the urban fabric. It provides people with
the access to the city allowing them to benefit from being
connected to one another. Good accessibility allows having
higher densities and bigger concentration of functions,
activities and services. It allows people to be connected and
benefit not only from the immediate surrounding but also
from the larger region. That is the essence of the good city living, working, and creating added value from being close to
each other.
There are various networks embedded into the city fabric.
Each of them has different scale and reaches out to different
city parts. Pedestrian zone could cover only small part while
public transport reaches out to much larger area. Each
network creates very different urban environments that are
based on mobility requirements. The space is not only
different by its transit organization but also has different
distribution of services, functional organization, creates
different morphological pattern and unique way of living.
However the people who are able to easily access only one
type of transport are disconnected from the areas that their
network does not cover. The city becomes segregated and
divided or very uncomfortable to use.
There are "good" or "best" places to live and work in the city.
Such places are accessible by most available means of
transport that connects to the whole city. Those are the most
vibrant and multifunctional spaces. Such environments are
developed over time together with the growth of the city. The
crucial element of such places is being connected and
belonging to “today’s” networks. It is important to be
accessible by car, have a quick access to the airport, a very
good internet connection and have human scale environment
connected to main pedestrian zones.
Kaunas is investigated as a case study to find the "best"
places in the city. Historic development will illustrate how
each period of urbanization had its own leading mobility
network. It will reveal how each period of urbanisation
shaped and created "best" places. Each period not only
created new but also enriched old environments with the new
connectivity. Over time Kaunas developed variety of "best"
places to live and work which belong to various periods of
urbanisation.
Finally the conclusive suggestions will be drawn on how to
deal with urbanisation in present times. It will be illustrated
with the master theses project "Lost in the city" by Tadas
Jonauskis. Proposed strategy is based on the transport to
develop and upgrade Kaunas city as a whole. It will suggest
the vision of sustainable Kaunas city where good mobility
networks will enable citizens to use the city more efficiently.
It will enrich socio-economic conditions, improve quality of
life and encourages people to prosper from living in the city.
Keywords: Transport based urbanisation, mobility
network, urban shape, historic development, Kaunas,
Lithuania
SEARCHING A SYSTEM OF PARADIGMS FOR
CULTURAL LANDSCAPE PLANNING
provisions in the cultural landscape development and a public
interest consistent with the design methodology. This
requires a more explicit formulation of the cultural landscape
provisions that could include three fundamental different
paradigms of reflecting the views of the complex: a) the
landscape geographical paradigm, b) the landscape
architectural paradigm, c) the landscape optimization
paradigm.
Geographical landscaping should reflect the paradigm of
geographical approach in land management triad with
assumptions, reflecting the process of modern provisions.
These are: a) consolidation the stable development as a
country’s space planning ideology, b) rationalization the
spatial results of the land-use management system, c)
development the landscape’s compensation structures as a
guarantors of ecological stability. It should be noted that the
traditional stable (that means sustainable and balanced)
development of the concept of ideology is now trying to add
emphasis on self-culture factor. Culture is understood as a
kind of factor in balancing the interests of ensuring the
common house "roof" as the essential guarantee of human
rationality, because only a high cultural level of society in a
position to realize the sustainable development goals and
objectives.
Landscape architectural paradigm is to be related to the
emotional perception of the landscape and the process of
harmonization of environmental features. It could make the
ideology and professional methodological foundation of
modern landscape architecture. Unfortunately, neither our
country nor foreign landscape architecture is not clearly
formulated their own conceptual terms and unambiguously
defined its jurisdiction area.
Cultural landscape in a rational and universal optimality can
be interpreted using a common methodology with system of
fundamental anthropo-ecological criteria. That provision
states that the optimal structure of the cultural landscape in
harmony with the idea of "green" architecture is: a) outstand
with geo-bio-ecological stability, b) provide psychological
comfort, c) be purposeful socially identified, d) comply with
the ongoing (providing) operating ergonomics, e) reflect the
economic conditions for development of the territory. As the
landscape optimization problem expresses the aspirations of
society against its structure, its decision largely depends on
the intentions of the public culture, national economic
development and education development level.
Keywords: spatial planning, sustainable and balanced
development, cultural landscape, landscape geography,
landscape architecture
Paulius Kavaliauskas
VU Geografijos ir kraštotvarkos katedra
Abstract
Land management in the interests of rational optimization of
spatial planning, not just a description of the existing
shortcomings and problems, but also a scientifically-based
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARCHITECTURE
AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF A BUILDING
Andrius Keizikas
VGTU Architektūros inžinerijos katedra
Abstract
Andrius Keizikas
Now, there are a great number of methodologies for assessing
the sustainability of a building, or its relationship with the
environment, based on this principle. Most of these
methodologies promote moderate consumption of fossil fuels
and maximum use of the renewable energy resources for
maintaining useful qualities and quantities of a building and
their interactions during the building lifecycle. Architecture is
an inherent element of these interactions. It unifies the
function, shape, substance and space (the surroundings),
affecting the ecological, social, economic and other various
parameters and values, describing the quality of an object.
The strategy of the European Union implies that since the end
of 2020 all new residential houses should meet the nearlyzero energy consumption requirement. However, nowadays,
only the minority of the newly designed or built houses in
Lithuania can demonstrate this level of energy consumption.
At present, the saving of energy resources is perceived in the
narrow context of retaining the heat within a building.
However, this effect can be achieved not only by increasing
the qualitative properties of the external envelope elements. It
is also hardly rational to associate the effective energy
absorption from the renewable sources with the use of
additional devices, such as construction engineering (HVAC)
systems (e.g. solar collectors, heat pumps, etc., which also
require extra investments as well as resources for their
production and maintenance).
The potential of saving the resources is also the subject of
architecture. The applied volumetric and plan solutions,
including various layouts of the facade elements are effective
(passive) measures helping to decrease the demand for
resources at the execution and operation stages of a building
lifecycle. In addition, they can also minimise the necessity of
the additional devices of building HVAC systems as well as
the demand for extra investments. Our previous studies of the
shapes of residential buildings (based on maximising the
amount of the most effective external envelope elements with
respect to the useful area of a house) revealed the difference
in a few tens of percent in the demand for materials at the
execution stage and even a greater difference in energy
balance (the totality of energy losses and gains through the
external envelope elements) at the operation stage of a
building. This shows that there is the often unexploited
potential for the most effective design of a building in its
surroundings.
However, the above-mentioned measures associated with the
building’s volume and shape are not the only architectural
means, influencing the total energy balance of a house. In
addition to the living areas, there are also the so-called buffer
zones (e.g. staircases, atria, balconies, double facades, etc.)
within the building envelope, which have an influence on
energy saving. The influence of the effective positioning and
use of these buffer zones provide a basis for detailed
research, which is presented in this paper.
The study presents a comparative analysis of buffer zones
belonging to the volumes of residential houses. The influence
of the external conditions on various spatial solutions of
building design, which is reflected in the numerical
expression of energy losses, is determined.
The present research aims to identify the effective passive
measures of building spatial design and the environmental
conditions, in particular, for bringing buildings closer to
meeting the energy consumption requirements of 2020.
Keywords: Passive design measures, energy efficiency,
buffer zones, geometric efficiency of a building, building
compactness
ARCHITECTURE DECONSTRUCTION AS REAPPLICATION
Ignas Lukauskas
Vilniaus dailės akademija
Abstract
The article discuss the current situation of architecture
application in Lithuania by pointing out and describing
several key features. The meaning and the examples of
architecture deconstruction and transformation into the
objects of urban architecture of other intended use is
analyzed. Changing architecture and the changing community
requirements related to the formation of architecture and the
city itself are examined as well. Some more clearly visible
tendencies and ideas of architecture deconstruction and reapplication are indicated and discussed in the thesis. The
thesis aims to attract attention to the application of
architecture as a thing for other needs of the city so that the
environment of a new mission and an innovative design and
objects saving the environmental resources would be
reasonably formed. Deconstruction of architecture and
innovative approach is analyzed on the examples of modern
architecture and design.
Keywords: architecture deconstruction, re-application,
reasonable attitude, transformation, and architecture
longevity.
ABOUT ECOLOGY IN HERITAGE PROTECTION
Nijolė Lukšionytė
VDU Menų fakultetas
Abstract
Houses from natural or recycled materials, heated by natural
energy represent green building or sustainable architecture. In
the wider context, the conception of ecology is applicable not
only for a separate house, but also for the all town planning
and architecture. This article is meant to describe several
relevant ways to implement sustainable development in the
historical territories of Lithuanian cities by seeking for a
dialog between contemporary needs and the policy of
sustainability.
In 2008 the European Union has initiated a purposeful
document – “2030 Heritage Strategy”. There is declared a
holistic preservation of vital cultural heritage and its
surroundings by comprehending, controlling, conserving and
restoring it properly and promoting the appreciation of
heritage as a cultural treasure of all the urban community.
The document encourages arranging and reusing the existing
buildings by invoking the innovative technologies.
There are a lot of deserted, unused buildings in the historical
territories of Lithuanian cities. First thing that should be done
is to give the status of revitalization priority zone for the
territories of historical surrounding. The revitalization would
proceed by reaching for the balance between preservation of
the existing resources and inserting new functions and
elements. Obviously, the notification of revitalization zone
will not take an effect itself – the changes have to be initiated.
Therefore the governance of revitalization zones is so
important.
The specific field that waits impatiently for a “green”
treatment is the old wooden houses of Lithuanian cities and
towns. People often forget that a timber house, though not
new, is itself a base of healthy microclimate. There would be
enough to take care of suitable ways of heating and trimming
and we would have an ecologic house. This would open a
new field for architects’ activity.
In 2011 by the support of Kaunas City Municipality there has
been started a database of Kaunas wooden architecture,
which can already be used through a website
(http://archimede.kaunoplanas.lt/). Here a professional
documentation of wooden architecture is being accumulated.
It is expected that through this website the information will
reach the house owners, administration of subdistricts and
municipalities and gradually the understanding of the value
of wooden architecture will be developed. We think that an
educative support could grow into particular social solidarity
program: people would share their knowledge and experience
and a community interested in preservation of wooden houses
would come into being.
Keywords:
revitalization,
historic
sustainability, civic wooden houses.
territories,
CITY AXES IN THE NETHERLANDS: CHINA IN THE
POLDER?
Martynas Marozas
the train station has great economic potential and the ability
to pool traffic and urban development demands. The image
looms of a high-rise corridor in China. However, this picture
conflicts with ambitions for sustainability, spatial quality and
identity. The pilot study City Axes Deventer explores this
tension with a help of three T's:Transformation, Typology
and Transfer. The results of the study shows the size of the
discrepancy between theoretical concept and its
implementation in a real city.
Keywords: transfer, transformation, typology, sustainable
development, knowledge economy, cultural history,
identity, small & mid-sized business, ecology,
geomorphology, cultural history
AVAILABLE RESOURCES OF THE LOT FOR
INTEGRATED BUILDING DESIGN
Vytautas Martinaitis
VGTU Pastatų energetikos katedra
Abstract
The most prevalent achievement of progress under the
Sustainable Building Policy has been already developed and
implemented in specific regions by Building Certification
System regulations such as Haus (Germany) and LEED
(U.S). These solutions are similar to a more widely discussed
and already utilized concepts: Integrated Whole Building
Design (IWBD) and Building Information Modeling (BIM).
Although it may sound bland, it is vital to acknowledge and
understand that the building is an integral component of the
lot. On the completion of developing a Building Concept, it
will regularly lack versatile and professional assessment of
the possible resources available, especially renewable energy.
It is proposed in the beginning of IWBD concept that an
assessment should be conducted on the resources available
and more specifically focusing on renewable energy. The
assessment should meet the expectations that of the
building’s owner in order to effectively utilize the potential of
all possible solutions. Thus a certificate is drawn up, defining
all the resources available for the particular lot. The structure
of the reflected data is formed in a specific manner to ease
the orientation of designing modern renewable energy
technologies, according to their performance under changing
weather conditions during the year. Such assessments assist
in shaping the concept of the building and allow to achieve
the highest level of sustainability.
Keywords: integrated whole building design, building
systems engineering, renewables in the lot, energy efficiency
We Love the City/Andries Geerse Stedenbouwkundige bv
Abstract
The Dutch government launched the concept of "City Axis"
in the Multiannual programme for Infrastructure, Space and
Transportation (MIRT). The MIRT exploration of the A1zone suggests that this connection between the highway and
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SUSTAINABLE AND
INNOVATIVE ARCHITECTURE SOLUTIONS IN THE
RECONSTRUCTION OF THE HANGAR PROJECT
Marius Mickaitis
VGTU Pastatų konstrukcijų katedra
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to examine the current expansion
project of the University campus. Discussions are going on
how to improve the infrastructure of the campus. One of the
biggest challenges is to create a sufficient number of the
group workplaces because this learning method is becoming
increasingly important in the academic experience and as an
effective study process. At the moment University does not
have the premises in campus which would be dedicated for
students to work in groups. One of the hangars is intended to
be reconstructed to fit facilities and premises in specially
adapted groupware use customized space. According as users
will be students of technical university, the focus would be to
emphasize the vitality to turn one's attention to the advance of
climate change, government legislation and uncontrolled
consumption. Aim is to highlight the possible design
decisions of the implementation of innovative techniques,
improvement to features of construction characteristics and
spatial simulation that constribute to the sustainable building.
This building should include many methods available to
demonstrate the importance of relationship between buildings
and energy as it would be a valuable knowledge for every
student of technical university. Accordingly, there is a need
of appropriate architectural and engineering solutions to
produce energy efficient buildings. Regardless of the climate
and geographical position, energy-efficient buildings are
year-round energy-efficient and emit low-carbon building.
According to European Union directives, such buildings are
of interest to reduce the dependence on energy imports from
other countries, avoiding price shocks and improving quality
of life. Particular architectural and engineering solutions are
applied to reflect the concept of economy and ecology. The
project takes into account the current orientation of the
building and assesses the possibility of adjacency to
maximize sunlight and heat that is radiated to illuminate and
create a stable indoor temperature with the minimum
mechanical means. The main constructional solutions are
proposed that contribute to achieve low energy consumption
results - installed energy-saving windows with additional
glass packages and frames, appropriate construction layers
and their hermetic joints to ensure good heat insulation,
reducing air infiltration selected adequate external structures.
Also, attention is drawn to the temperature changes in
Lithuania, which should be useful to use - a massive parts of
the building construction has ability to accumulate heat and
release it when it begins to cool. Thermal mass, which is used
for building structures, suppress temperature fluctuations and
retains heat. In this way, heat is released gradually throughout
the day to prevent overheating in hot period or in case of
overcrowding in room. Next to constructional solutions
feasibility of the civil engineering solutions application in the
building are assessed - geothermal thermal pumps, solar
collectors, water drainage accumulation - a selection of active
systems using renewable energy sources. The aim is to
highlight the possible interaction of the architectural and
engineering decisions with asessment of dependence and
their influence on each other. It should be noted that in first
place passive architectural solutions should be applied in
order to maximise low energy demand and afterwards
implementation of active systems and technologies helps to
achieve best results. Energy efficient buildings are not only
environmentally friendly practices of various architectural
expressions but also a better living environment. Focus is on
the building which should include many methods available to
demonstrate the importance of the relationship between
buildings, environment and energy.
Keywords: energy-efficient building, energy efficient
solutions, passive architectural solutions, active systems
FUTURE OF LARGE SCALE HOUSING ESTATES IN
THE POST SOCIALIST CITIES
Justina Muliuolytė
Urban designer, Planner
Abstract
Large scale housing estates are typical neighborhoods
reminding us about fast post WWII developments. Once a
dream of every family, now many of these areas, especially
in Western Europe are facing serious physical and social
decline (RESTATE, 2009). This paper explores origins of the
problems in the modernist neighborhoods and their
opportunities for the sustainable development in the future.
Already in the early 1970s clean and open modern city has
started to be criticized for the lack of human scale, public and
private space separation, monotony and mono functionality.
Urban theorist Jane Jacobs criticizes the regularity of
buildings for keeping out diversity of population and
business. While in the seventies most western European
countries have already started renewal programs for declined
estates, massive construction of uniform tower blocks in the
former Soviet Union, continued up until 1990s. However
comparison of the post war housing in Western Europe and
post-socialist cities made by Ivan Tosics (2005) has showed
that despite low physical quality neighborhoods in the eastcentral Europe were much less deteriorated, then their
western counterparts. On one hand post-socialist housing
estates do not have problem yet, on the other it may be
hypothesized that there is a threat of stigmatization: as soon
as the housing shortage is eliminated, apartments in the
estates go to the bottom of the market, segregation and urban
problems can be triggered (Dekker, et al., 2005). Preventing
the threat to happen it is necessary to start rehabilitation
programs in early enough stage. Therefore, nowadays
housing estates are discovered once again. In the new
Millennium sustainable urban development is becoming a
fashionable topic (Tosics, 2004) and if the positive aspects of
post war housing (compact morphology, potentials of public
transport links, environment friendly heating system, and
large green areas) could be preserved Europe would gain o
lot to reach her very ambitious
sustainability goals (Tosics, 2005). Potentials of modernist
housing could minimize post socialist cities sprawl.
Nevertheless integral regeneration strategies for large estates
should incorporate not only technical improvements, but also
community needs,
neighbourhood
local
housing
market
trends,
promotion and place making, which can be reached by
humanizing the spaces and mixing land uses.
The main objective of this paper is to explore how possible
that the above mentioned threat of stigmatization in large
scale housing estates will happen in the post-socialist cities.
How to avoid it? What can we learn from regeneration
experiences in Western cities? What could be transformation
strategies? The main findings propose regeneration
guidelines for large scale housing estates in postsocialist
cities. Recommendations for renewal are illustrated with
master graduation project done for case study city Vilnius in
Lithuania. There comprehensive polycentric city strategy
uses quality of the housing estates. Suggested new sub-centre
in one of micro-districts in Vilnius is a basis for their social,
economic and environmental revitalization.
References
Keywords: Housing; large scale housing estates; microdistrict; post-socialist city; renewal; transformation;
transit oriented development; polycentric city; sub-centre
ENERGY SAVING ARCHITECTURE IN CONTEXT
OF REGIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Roberts Riekstinš
Riga Technical University, Faculty of Architecture and
Urban Planning
Abstract
Energy efficiency has become the most actual topic of
building design process in Latvia as well as in all Baltic
countries. Projects of energy-efficient buildings make a
substantial part of all design commissions and can reasonably
be considered to be determinating the overall direction of
today’s architecture. Architecture is changing. It also largerly
affects the designers’ work process and design methods used,
as well as perceptions of visual-spatial qualities both for
architects and users of buildings.
Energy-saving is important for all types of buildings residential, commercial, industrial and others. Also both for
historical and new constructions. Therefore a need for a clear
understanding of the acquired architecturally-aesthetic
qualities is needed. We concentrate on engineering solutions
too much. Is today’s architecture forming a harmonious
dialogue with the existing environment and cultural heritage
or it is contrasting? Are the architectural qualities of energysaving buildings, offered by designers today, consistent with
those expected by people that use buildings? Often these
questions are unclear while not exercised enough carefully.
The thesis studies visual aesthetic qualities of energyefficient buildings. There has been analised the role of
specific environmental regional traditions, heritage and
cultural space as a whole. The objective is to define - which
are the architectural qualities, that allow for regional spatial
identity, architectural continuity, and create the specific local
conditions of a region?
The interaction between climatic factors and architectural
form provide the preconditions for the new search in
spatially-aesthetic aspect. Use of materials, planning, shape,
site layout and other parameters determine the appearance of
a building. Today an architect must be able to synthesize
environmentally climatic parameters with the tehnical
parameters of buildings but in a smart way. But space context
must be kept, especially in particular heritage zones and
industrial heritage areas, where conservation of existing
architectural qualities is particularly important.
The paper is a comparison of several European countries,
classified according to certain parameters - climate, cultural
heritage, socioeconomic, and others - which allow to define it
as a single region. It is marked as the Baltic States, Denmark,
Netherlands and Sweden. In order to point out the spatial
identity of Latvia it’s being compared the traditional and
modern architectural approaches for residential, public and
industrial buildings
Keywords: energy saving. energy efficiency. spatial
identity. architectural shape. aesthetic quality
GREEN URBAN DEVELOPMENT: GUIDELINES AND
PROBLEMS OF A NEW APPROACH AND
DESIGNING METHOD
VLADAS STAUSKAS
VDU
Abstract
The theme of the expert meeting of the European
Commission (2001) has already been written in the
“European City Visions” resolution: one of the main criteria
for the modernity of European cities is the percentage of
landscaped green spaces in them. Thus, New York, or even
Astana (the new capital of Kazakhstan) examples are
outdated. The future model, such as E.Howard’s “Green
Cities”, is probably more suitable.
There is a saying "What’s old is new again.” Already in
1968, in the first integrated master plan of Neringa’s history,
a “landscape” or “landscape-ecological” method, justified by
the author, was practically applied in urban development
(LASMT Institute). The approach then was applied to the
design of the Grand Palanga area and in part to developing a
rich program in the project of Kaunas suburban area (1988)
and later. There is now a similar approach emerging abroad,
called “eco-urbanism” or similar names, which we have long
known.
The key features of the landscape-ecological method:
a) Before starting to plan where and what to build, both
physical places and places in design drawings must first be
identified where nothing can be built, and even the existing
landscape and its view must be maintained; b) Except for
areas under their intended use (“functional” zoning), it is
necessary to foresee the potential degree of transformation of
the existing landscape in the “human-nature” relationship, to
predict the intensity of urban development and the nature of
human contact with a natural complex. This is referred to as
“eco-zoning”. (Later, this type of zoning was renamed by
some geographers as “management” zoning). c) In this way,
in each segment of the planned area a need for differentiation
of more detailed architectural-urban solutions will occur.
There cannot be a single one type of a spatial model for the
whole city. d) With regard to aesthetic and psychological
needs of a human as a local eco-system and holding urban
development a part of the entire art of architecture, each
urban area is provided the regulation of vertical dimension
(urban aesthetics). Land management alone is not enough. e)
City (especially resort) development must be balanced with
the natural (or intended, e.g. dams, etc.) dynamics of the
development of its own and surrounding natural landscape,
its territorial areas and physical parameters.
As an example, following this methodology, a master
development plan for Grand Palanga (1988-89,
“Miestprojektas” and LSAMTI), approved by already
independent Palanga City Council (1991), was developed. Its
main idea, taking into account its resort status, was “not parks
in the city, but the city in the park”. A new concept of
“deepsea-nested” development in the coastal strip, which had
been well proven in Lithuania earlier, was repeated, avoiding
the continuous urbanization of the seacoast (like in Jurmala,
Latvia...) and leaving or enriching substantial spaces between
construction nests with greenery (first project implemented
was the “Vanagupe” complex). Unfortunately, the Master
Plan of 2009-2010 proposed building up an almost entire
strip of future plots up till Butinge (and further)... Deviations
from the previous “eco” trend are often justified by land
privatization and “Land Relocation” law. “Relocation” law
should have been and should be a great concern for the
cultural unions, such as Lithuanian Union of Architects (LAS)
and Lithuanian Union of Landscape Architects (LKAS) as
well as our Chamber of Architects.
Keywords: green modernity; landscape-ecological
method; the concept of deepsea-nested seacoast;
legislative adjustments.
WATERSCAPE DESIGN IN URBAN ENVIRONMENT:
INTEGRATED SOLUTIONS IN A TRADITIONAL
FORM
Gintaras Stauskis
VGTU Urbanistikos katedra
Abstract
The article presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of
treating water features as a powerful resource for creating
waterscapes in different cultural environments (Aesthetical
1993). The most advanced cases and plans for integrating
waterscapes into modern urban tissue from different regions
ranging from Europe as far as to South East Asia will be
reviewed (Farhana 2011). The particular study focuses on
planning experience of Vilnius City where historical system
of water features is presented as an endless resource for
planning and designing multiple public facilities around the
city in historical town, core area, new development as well as
peri-urban lands for use in a recent period. Learning,
surveying and inheriting local and regional traditions of water
treatment in the city along with proper spatial arrangement of
the areas of different water features could be used to turn
them into the key public spaces perfectly fit for different
types of mixed use activities in modern city (Dreisseitl et al.
2001).
Recent planning practices in historical town area of Vilnius
City are focusing on empowering of brown-field areas that
comprise a large vast land in the heart of the city. Former
industrial use is obsolete since the 90’ties of the 20th c. With
the iconic water features as the Neris and Vilnia rivers, the
interconnected system of ponds and streams this area still
bears the potentials of most traditional waterscapes of Vilnius
city (Vilniaus 1998). Successful integration of modest
development into this context is the way to overall success
and satisfaction for local communities residing there from the
time of founding the town as far as from the 14th c. Case
studies of development projects and competition entries are
presented and analysed.
The core urban area of the city has traits of planning and
design from several historical periods from the 18th to 21st c.
With the basic water management principles being taken over
from the historical part of town along it bears more dense
solutions where the waterscapes are less impressive as they
are visually and spatially suppressed by the size and scale of
urban blocks. Treatment of still existing potentials of water
features by integrating them to all and any refurbishment and
rebuilding projects is seen as a way towards developing more
identity features typical for Vilnius city.
The areas of large scale housing are recent challenge area for
Vilnius city. In the face of refurbishment plans of the whole
housing stock constructed in a rapid urban development
programme in 60-ties and 70-ties of the 20th c. to match
requirements for energy efficiency as well as residents
satisfaction the potentials of green urbanism become more
than adequate. Inclusive design of water features along with
sustainable surface water management is the most promising
perspective for the 21st c. urbanism in Vilnius. More
integrated use of the existing landscape elements water
features among them would be the way towards developing a
modern identity for those areas where around 40% of halfmillion Vilnius citizens are settled. The existing rivers,
streams and ponds have to be revitalised and their small scale
should be taken as an advantage for creating more inclusive
spaces of a human scale.
The peri-urban development areas have placed a lot of
problems for many modern cities Vilnius being a rather
typical case. Pre-crisis construction boom played its igniting
role along with citizen’s aspiration for an illusion of suburban
living in nature. Lack of proper infrastructure on a big
urbanised territory, problems of liaison with the urban centre,
sustainable energy solutions and the other problems of newly
urbanised sprawling periphery of Vilnius city still has
immense values of a natural landscape where integrated
solutions of waterscapes are to be empowered to facilitate for
creating its own urban identity.
shared values which, in turn, can serve as reference criteria
for local planners to envision more sustainable city strategies.
Keywords: architecture, urban
sustainable water management
Alvydas Žickis
design,
waterscape,
GREEN OPEN SPACE IN LARGE SCALE HOUSING
ESTATES: A PLACE FOR CHALLENGE
Sandra Treija, Uģis Bratuškins
Riga Technical University, Faculty of Architecture and
Urban
Planning
Riga Technical University, Faculty of Architecture and
Urban Planning
Abstract
The renewal of urban areas by development of green open
spaces increases the overall quality of life and helps to reduce
social exclusion. Urban green open space can help to
constitute a framework where urban society and culture can
develop, and to increase identity and a sense of community. It
can be used to provide a ground for education and awareness
raise in relation to the way ecosystems function and how
urban functions can be integrated into the natural system.
Despite the known socio-economic benefits resulting from it,
considerations regarding sustainable land use planning often
occupy a secondary role when designing city quarters. There
exist many pressures – essentially market-related and driven
by short-term thinking – for unsustainable development.
Housing ownership reform, carrying out denationalization
and privatization, along with a core capital for many
inhabitants has also created a range of problems – one of
them: as a result of denationalisation of land properties, when
the land in large-scale residential districts was returned to the
previous owners and then provided as the minimum required
land to the privatised buildings, the original spatial
composition of districts was completely destroyed, creating a
legal basis for new construction in large-scale residential
districts.
Green open spaces fulfill many social functions and
psychological needs of citizens, which make urban nature a
valuable municipal resource, and a key ingredient for city
sustainability. Different age-groups have different motives to
use the public open spaces and different activities they are
going to undertake. Valuation and assessment of these
intangible services and benefits is of crucial importance in
order to justify and legitimize strategies for urban
sustainability. Public involvement, residents’ participation
and a qualitative appraisal of their needs and interests are
believed to help urban communities to articulate commonly
Keywords: public open space, large scale housing,
sustainability.
STONE AND GRASS IN THE SQUARES OF
LITHUANIAN TOWNS
VGTU Architekturos katedra
Abstract
Original meaning of square is closely related with nature In
Lithuanian lexis: flat site without trees, easy overlooked and
clear. During development of the towns the buildings
replaced the trees, and the pavement replaced the meadows.
Formation of perimetre of square equalizes it with
architectural form. It was one of the main means of creation
of urban environment applied in history of town planning.
This trend remained even after loss of political and
commercial function of square. This vacancy was filled with
sculptural monuments and other inanimate formations.
Underground garages, new solid surfaces are designed in the
squares of Lithuanian town squares in our days.
Other tendency is creation of natural town squares. They
originated with early public green areas. The area and
boundaries of natural town square could be created by
different formations. The space of Cathedral square in
Vilnius is closed by the slopes of Vilnia valley and the
Garden of Bernardines, and is extended by Odminių Square.
Rebuilt volume of the Royal Palace obscures the Castle Hill,
and paved Odminių Square does not function as quiet leisure
space. But alive nature is surrounding it, and its influence is
still evident.
In other case grass-plot could be regarded as main feature of
square, surrouded by solid surfaces. Many market squares in
Lithuania or demolished blocks were converted into squares.
Absence of maintenance resulted chaotic growth of trees, and
they shadowed these areas. Grass remained in the
churchyards. Vast grass-plots are under formalion in Utena
and other towns of Lithuania, but shortage of them is evident
in comparison with other towns of EU.
Surface of square mostly determines use of square. Pavement
fits requirements of comunication or outdoor commerce, and
big public events, if they are frequent. Grass-plot is necessary
for calm relaxation and many forms of active leisure, and
sustains crowded events. It is ecologically important urban
element, participating in circulation of air and water. With
depopulation of towns more favourable circumstances for
cultivation of grass-plots and meadows are created.
Possibilities for restoration of initial form of grass-plot in
town are established.
Lukiškių Square is less integrated with surrounding greenery
in comparison with Cathedral Square. However it has
distinguished potential of nature. From the point of view of
green areas development it is unreasonable to cover this huge
plot by the roof of underground garage or expensive
pavement. Repeatable contents of Lukiškių Square recreation
reflect intolerance of society to formal proposals. They reveal
lack of coomon values between organizers with jury and
society.
their soul lived in the freedom of rural individual estate. The
green architecture of the building is created by the wood
constructive solution, flooring of wood shingles, wood
window frames.
Keywords: square, nature, pavement, leisure, Lukiškių
square
Keywords: Landscape area,
restoration, vision lines and spots
GREEN ARCHITECTURE AND NATIONAL
IDENTITY OF RURAL LANDSCAPE IN LATVIA
MIESTAS KAIP BESIKEIČIANTIS BENDRUOMENĖS
KULTŪRINIS REIŠKINYS
Aija Ziemelniece
Jonas Jakaitis
Latvia University of Agriculture, Department of Architecture
and Building
VGTU Architekturos institutas
I would like to mention that this brave experiment after nyears will be cultural monuments because it has strong
identity of place. Perhaps of the personality and nationality
too.
cultural
landscape,
Abstract
Abstract
The traditional landscape conception is not uniform and
constant because the landscapes, as well as the hierarchy and
multiformity of values change in our point of views. All
of there are the landscapes transformed by people and they
have more or less features of changes.
Only the swamps and reservoirs untouched might be almost
all landscapes of nature untransformed absolutely in Latvia.
Nature untouched has remained so little that it is doubtful to
connect the typical landscape of Latvia with these exceptions.
Almost all our forests have been planted.
Lately the transformations of landscapes are depresive
architectonically when countless new villages are built next
to the towns, these landscapes do not inquire, they are
remains of relief, the green colour of real meadows as well as
nature and multiformity of flora and fauna disappear. One of
the positive examples is Amatciems as wood building having
expressive roof planes. This building has been formed in
relief place to the romantisism of which is increased
with new pond system and groups of tree plantings.
Does Amatciems pretend to a cultural and national identity
value? The relief, trees, shrubs, water and meadovs-called
the landscape - are created as conditions of nature and by the
people- creators feelings of nature and the creation work. As
regards the creation – several thousand trees have been
planted. Not in the forest, but in the landscape. Amatciems
differs from other villages with its non-linear character. Its
basis-activated- natural qualities – are the relief, water,
vegetation. It has been created as one of the alternatives of
the urbanization of the new countryside and the landscape.
The presented form of Amatciems density of population may
be explained as the reaction of the urbanized society to the
relative uniformity of existence forms of towns and
the overload in the country in which rather large part of
population was connected to the town with their mind but
Miestas – objektyvių ir subjektyvių, statinių ir dinaminių
veiksnių pagal tam tikrus, formalius ar neformalius
dėsningumus veikiamas, permanentiškai besivystantis ir
besikeičiantis kultūrinis organizmas. Šiandien, kaip ir prieš
kelis šimtus metų miestai išliko ekonomikos varikliais bei
intelektualinio gyvenimo plėtros centrais. Tačiau greitai
augantys miestai[1], kelia grėsmę gamtinės ir antropogeninės
aplinkos darnai. Jo formuojamam miestovaizdzdžiui svarbūs
miestų augimo valdymo optimizavimo problemų sprendimų
paieška bei miestų erdvinio formavimo dalyvių diskurso ir
susitarimų su gyventojais įtraukiant juos į miestų valdymą
įgyvendinimas. Naujieji miestų ir teritorinės plėtros iššūkiai
tokie kaip, individualių ir kolektyvinių vertybių ir gyvenimo
būdo kaita, bendruomeniškumas, žmogaus teisės ir
demokratija, saugumo užtikrinimas, žaliosios ekonomikos ir
energijos efektyvus naudojimas, technologiniai pavojai,
globalinė konkurencija, segregacija ir integracija, mobilumas,
naujai atvykstančių miestų dalyvių skaičiaus augimas, kartu
mažėjant bendram gyventojų skaičiui ne tik miestuose, bet ir
visoje Lietuvos valstybėje reikalauja ypatingai inovatyvių
vadybinių žinių ir miestų valdymo metodų. Priešingu atveju
Lietuvoje ir toliau bus plėtojama dezintegruota, ekonomiškai
nuostolinga ir socialiai dezorentuota šalies urbanizacija, tokiu
būdu prarandant Lietuvos tarptautinį konkurencingumą,
kraštovaizdžio identitetą ir žmones.
Neišvengiamas tampa demokratiniais principais konkrečiu
teritoriniu pagrindu miestų bendruomeninio gyvenimo
konstravimas grįstas, interesu, darbinės, rekreacinės veiklos
ar hobio. Europos sąjungai palaikant (Council conclusions on
architecture...2005), bendruomenių formavimo teises,
galimybės neribotai išsiplėtė, taikant virtualias informacinių
technologijų (IT) priemones. Nežiūrint į tai, kad dažnai
virtualus
bendruomeninis
gyvenimas
konstruojamas
aplinkoje nieko bendro neturinčioje su gyvenamąja, tyrimų
rezultatai rodo, kad sukuriami ištisi socialiniai tinklai
neformaliai įtakojantys realią vietos, miesto, nacionalinio
regiono, valstybės ar tarpvalstybinių teritorijų raidą.
Straipsnyje konkrečių projektų pavyzdžiu siekiama atskleisti
šių dienų naudojamų IT galimybių privalumus ir trūkumus,
formas ir būdus, neformalų veikimą miestiečių gyvenimui,
taip demonstruojant gerų pavyzdžių ištyrimo ir informacijos
sklaidos praktines galimybes ne tik nacionaliniu, bet ir
tarptautiniu lygmeniu. Taip pat straipsnio tema siejama su
miestų „žaliojo“ planavimo idėja per teminių bendruomenių
sistemos funkcionavimą IT pagrindu, kuri būtų įdomi ne tik
interesus turinčiai bendruomenei, bet ir plačiajai visuomenei.
Ir tai ne kas kita, kaip konkurencijos didinimas skleidžiant
patirtį apie pasaulio progresyvių sprendimų ir inovatyvių
technologijų objektuose panaudojimą, kurie įgalina mažinti
neigiamą veiksnių įtaką klimato kaitai. Taip pat pasaulio šalių
pavyzdžiu siekiama ištirti ir atskleisti konkretaus tarptautinio
mokslo projekto EGBE-C21 metodologinius pagrindus
orientuotus metodinių priemonių parengimo link, skatinančių
bendruomeninių miestų urbanistinių struktūrų kūrimą.
Įvairiais požiūriais tema segmentuotai diskutuojama
daugelyje mokslo sričių įvairių mokslinių publikacijų
tekstuose, todėl ją tenka analizuoti jų kontekste, pasirenkant
geriausiai tinkamus statistinės analizės, apklausų, kiekybinus
ar kokybinius vertinimo metodus savaip interpretuojant ir
reziumuojant tyrimų rezultatus.
[1] Miestų gyventojų skaičius pasaulyje pagal Jungtinių
Tautų duomenis 2025 metais prognozuojamas 5,2 milijardai,
t.y. 61% pasaulio gyventojų gyvens miestuose).
[Interaktryvus]. Prieiga per internetą <www.urbanaudit.org>.
[Žiūrėta 2012-01-16].
Keywords: žalioji urbanistika ir miestų planavimas,
teritorinės
miestų
bendruomenės,
miestovaizdis,
energetinis naudojimo efektyvumas, kraštovaizdžio
architektūra
MIESTŲ
TRANSPORTO
INFRASTRUKTŪROS
OBJEKTŲ PROJEKTAVIMAS TAIKANT DARNIOS
PLĖTROS PRINCIPUS
Antanas Klibavičius
VGTU Miestų statybos katedra
Abstract
Rengiant miestų teritorijų detaliuosius planus bei miesto
transporto infrastruktūros objektus tarp užsakovų,
projektuotojų ir derinančių organizacijų dažnai kyla ginčai
dėl siūlomų projektinių sprendinių. Šiuo metu nėra vieningų
normatyvinių dokumentų [7], metodikų [4] ar rekomendacijų
[5], kurios reglamentuotų projektinių sprendinių vertinimą
[3]. Remiantis ilgalaikiais tyrimo darbais ir konkrečiais
projektais, atliktais VGTU miestų statybos katedroje, autorius
siūlo miestų transporto infrastruktūros objektų projektų
vertinimui taikyti darnios plėtros principus, kur būtų
vertinami sekantys projektų rodikliai:
•
•
•
teritorijų planavimo rodikliai;
transportiniai rodikliai;
ekologiniai rodikliai;
•
•
•
eismo saugumo rodikliai;
rekreaciniai rodikliai;
ekonominiai rodikliai [1,4].
Taikant rodiklių monetarizavimo metodus (visus rodiklius
vertinant pinigine išraiška), galima rasti tokius gatvių ir
sankryžų statybos ir rekonstrukcijos projektų vertinimo
metodus, kurie tenkintų tiek užsakovus, tiek derinančias
organizacijas ir duotų didžiausią naudos /kaštų santykį.
Atskirų rodiklių – ekologinių, rekreacinių rodiklių vertinimo
metodikos, kurios taikomos Lietuvos miestų transporto
infrastruktūros objektų projektavimo praktikoje yra
diskutuotinos (atskirų rodiklių kainų proporcijos skiriasi
lyginant su kitų šalių proporcijomis), tačiau tai leidžia priimti
sprendimus, kuriuose visi rodikliai taikomi kaip lygiaverčiai,
nesuteikiant išskirtinio prioriteto atskiram rodikliui ar
rodiklių grupei.
Keywords: žodžiai: teritorijų planavimas, transportiniai,
ekologiniai, saugaus eismo, rekreaciniai rodikliai, rodiklių
monetrarizavimas
ŽMOGAUS POVEIKIS URBANISTINĖS APLINKOS
FLORAI
Viktoras Pranckietis
Aleksandro Stulginskio universitetas, Agronomijos fakultetas
Abstract
Pastaruoju metu didėjant susirūpinimui aplinkos kokybe,
žmonijos išgyvenimu intensyviai urbanizuotoje aplinkoje
būtinas inovatyvus požiūris į „žaliąją“ architektūrą. Kyla vis
didesnė būtinybė modeliuoti augalų kaip kompozicinės ir
funkcinės priemonės naudojimą pastatų architektūroje ir
urbanizuotų teritorijų planavimo procese. Nepakankamai
vykdomi augalų integravimo į pastatų architektūrą ir
miestovaizdį kryptingo tikslinio formavimo darbai, dėl to
nukenčia gyvenamosios aplinkos kokybė. Profesionalus
augalų panaudojimas pastato ar atviros erdvės kompozicijoje
gali padėti architektui, kraštovaizdžio architektui siekti
naujos estetinės ir funkcinės kokybės, užtikrinti miesto
vaizdo išskirtinumą.
Urbanistinis požiūris į augalus, kaip esamos arba kuriamos
aplinkos objektą, neretai būna vienpusis – žmogaus poreikių
tenkinimas,
nesigilinant
į
abipusį
"žmogus↔augalas" santykį, nesukuriant arba neužtikrinant
augalų augimui palankios aplinkos ir tai neretai atspindi tik
mūsų vartotojiškus lūkesčius arba „žmogaus teises kuriant
„žaliąją“ urbanistiką ir architektūrą“.
Augalų gerovė nereglamentuojama teisės aktais ( kaip pvz.
gyvūnų), todėl verta iškelti su augalų aplinkos kokybe
susijusias
problemas,
išryškinant
aktualias
sritis,
nulemiančias augalų kokybinę būseną ir tuo pačiu gebėjimą
tenkinti žmonių lūkesčius. Išskirtinio dėmesio reikalauja
auginimo vietos parinkimas ir paruošimas atsižvelgiant į
dirvožemio granuliometrinę sudėtį, fizikines, agrochemines,
biologines, hidrologines savybes. Augalų klimatinių ir
mikroklimatinių poreikių identifikavimas, dekoratyviųjų ir
fiziologinių
savybių
derinimas,
fitosanitarinių
sąlygų užtikrinimas – visa tai sąlygoja harmoningą augalo
„vidinės architektūros“ kūrimąsi, leidžia abipusiškai suderinti
žmogaus ir augalo poreikius.
Augalams daugiausiai problemų gali sukelti žmogaus
tiesioginė veikla arba neveiklumas ir gamtiniai kataklizmai.
Dažniausiai
pasitaikančios
klaidos
urbanistinėje
želdininkystėje kyla dėl nežinojimo: neteisingai parinkta ir
paruošta augavietė (aukštas gruntinis vanduo, netinkamas
dirvožemio pH, sutankintas dirvožemis), drėgmės trūkumas
ar perteklius, netinkamos augalų mitybos bei šviesos ir
dirvožemio oro sąlygos, neteisinga augalų priežiūra
(formavimas, apsauga nuo ligų, kenkėjų, vėjo, saulės), kitas
neigiamas žmogaus antropogeninės veiklos poveikis ir t.t.
Siekiant išvengti daugelio minėtų problemų kai
urbanizuojamos teritorijos ir keičiama natūralios gamtinės
aplinkos paskirtis, pirmiausiai reikėtų nesugadinti esamo
didžiausio gamtos ištekliaus – dirvožemio. Siekiant išsaugoti
jo kokybę ir sudaryti augalų augimui tinkamas sąlygas, būtina
išsaugoti jo struktūrą (struktūrinius agregatus). Labiausiai
dirvožemio struktūra gadinama jį slegiant (spaudžiant) kai
dirvožemyje daug drėgmės. Siekiant to išvengti būtina
dirvožemio derlingojo sluoksnio nuėmimą (ir paskleidimą)
vykdyti kai dirvožemis optimalaus drėgnumo ir „trupa“ arba
yra sušalęs žiemos metu. Daugelio kitų klaidų turi padėti
išvengti augalų poreikius išmanantys specialistai.
Keywords: urbanistinė aplinka, dirvožemio savybės,
flora, augavietė, žmogaus poveikis
METODOLOGINĖ BŪSTO EKOLOGIŠKUMO
VERTINIMO SISTEMA IR JOS TAIKYMO
GEOGRAFINIAI YPATUMAI
Ričardas Skorupskas
VU Geografijos ir kraštotvarkos katedra
urbanizuoto kraštovaizdžio formavimo, ekologiškos statybos
metodologines nuostatas analizavo Green building Rating
System ... (2002), M. Roe (2007), J. Stuart-Murray
(2007), M. Wells (2009), ir daugelis kitų tyrinėtojų. Reikėtų
pastebėti, kad literatūroje dažniausiai pateikiami tik
paviršutiniškai apibendrinti šių veiklų apibrėžimai,
analizuojami atskiri ir toli gražu ne visi būsto tvarumą
lęmiantys faktoriai bei veiksniai. Pastebėtina, kad pernelyg
mažas dėmesys skiriamas būsto kultūriniam kontekstui,
estetiškumo ir psichologinio priimtinumo kriterijams, kurie
analizuojant problematiką dažnai atsiduria antrame plane dėl
pernelyg
didelio
dėmesio
teikiamo
naujausioms
technologijoms, energetiniam pastatų efektyvumui ir išteklių
tausojimui.
Bet
labiausiai
visoje
nagrinėjamoje
problematikoje pastebimas vieningos ir metodologiškai
pagrįstos būsto ekologiškumo vertinimo sistemos trūkumas.
Dabartinė situacija šioje srityje sukuria prielaidas atsirasti
metodologiniam nesuderinamumui ir mažiną susikalbėjimo
galimybes tarp mokslininkų, paslaugų tiekėjų ir jų naudotojų.
Ekologiško būsto idėja pastaruoju metu itin plačiai
ekploatuojama tiek Lietuvoje, tiek užsienio šalyse, bet
pastarųjų objektų ekologiškumą pagrindžiantis teorinis –
metodologinis pagrindas nėra tvirtas ir juo labiau pilnai
išvystytas. Dėl to, yra ypač sunku nustatyti konkretaus būsto
ekologiškumo laipsnį. Tikslinga pastebėti ir tai, kad būsto
ekologiškumo samprata tampriai susieta su konkrečia vieta,
jos materialaus ir nematerialaus kraštovaizdžio ypatybėmis.
Dėl tos priežasties, tai kas ekologiškas vienoje geografinėje
erdvėje gali būti ne visiškai ekologiška kitoje. Šis pamatinis
dėsningumas ypač ryškus lyginant urbanizuotas ir santykinai
gamtines erdves. Tai įvertinus pranešime dėmesys
koncentruojamas į būsto ekologiškumo laipsnį parodančių
veiksnių išskyrimą remiantis kraštotvarkoje taikoma
universalia antropoekologinių kriterijų grupe. Greta to
formuojama ir pateikiama būsto ekologiškumo vertinimo
sistema, į kurią integruojami tokie komponentai kaip objektų
medžiagiškumas, architektūra, estetika, energetika, bei visa
eilė kitų.
Keywords: Ekologiškas būstas,
kriterijai, vertinimo sistema
antropoekologiniai
Abstract
Prėjusiame dešimtmetyje į viešumą iškilusi ir plačiai
propaguojama tvarios raidos idėja suteikė naują ir gana didelį
impulsa didesnei daugumai mokslo ir praktikos sričių
vystymuisi, ir palaipsniui išprovokavo kokybinį jų virsmą.
Tvarios raidos idėjos persismelkusios per visuomenės
sanklodą įgijo dar didesnį potencialą, svarbą, pagreitį ir tapo
daugumos procesų ir veiklų siekiamybe, o lygegrečiai ir
įvairių mokslinių tyrimų objektu. Pastarosios idėjos bene
ankščiausiai realizavosi įvairiuose strateginio ir bendrojo
planavimo darbuose ir paplito kasdieninėse žmogaus
gyvenimo srityse (aplinkosauga, statyba) užtikriančiose jo
visavertį egzistavimą. Moksliniuose darbuose, studijose,
projektuose, populiarioje profesinėje literatūroje bei spaudoje
labai dažnai vartojama visa eilė terminų: „darni architektūra“,
„darni statyba“, „biologinė statyba“, „žalia statyba“,
„ekologiška architektūra“, „žalioji architektūra“ ir t.t. Tvarios
raidos principais paremto gyvenamosios aplinkos arba
DARNAUS BIRŠTONO MIESTO MODELIS
ATNAUJINANT MIESTO KVARTALUS IR
GERINANT GYVENIMO KOKYBĘ
Edita Šarkienė, Lina Užšilaitytė, Tatjana Vilutienė, Vaidotas
Šarka
VGTU
Abstract
Birštonas, kaip ir visi kiti Lietuvos miestai, susiduria su
rimtais iššūkiais dėl sparčiai augančių energijos kainų. Didelė
dalis pastatų Birštone yra nusidėvėję ir jų energinio
naudingumo lygis yra žemas, jų šildymui išleidžiama daug
lėšų. Pagrindinis šių problemų sprendimo būdas yra mažinti
energijos suvartojimą pastatuose, diegiant energijos
vartojimo efektyvumą didinančias priemones ir didinant
atsinaujinančių energijos išteklių vartojimo apimtis.
Atsižvelgiant į tai, 2009 m. Birštono savivaldybė taryba
patvirtino Birštono – EKO miesto koncepciją. Šioje
koncepcijoje apibrėžta Birštono EKO miesto vizija: Birštonas
EKO miestas – tai inovatyvius, aukštesnius nei vidutiniai
šalies reikalavimai, taikantis gyvenimo kokybę gerinančius
ekologinius, aplinką tausojančius sprendimus, turizmo ir
kurortinio gydymo bei sveikatinimo centras.
Nuo 2010 m. Birštono savivaldybė dalyvauja Europos
Sąjungos Septintosios mokslinių tyrimų bendrosios
programos (7BP) projekte „Sustainable Zero Carbon ECOTown Developments Improving Quality of Life across EU ECO-Life“ (Gyvenimo kokybės gerinimas ES vystant darnius
CO2 neutralius EKO-miestus). Eco-Life projekte siekiama
suburti tris CO2 neišmetančias bendruomenes Europos
Sąjungoje – Belgijoje, Danijoje ir Lietuvoje. Lietuvoje
projektas įgyvendinamas Birštono mieste. Projekto tikslo
siekiama, suformuojant kvartalinės modernizacijos modelį ir
kompleksiškai modernizuojant visą pasirinkto kvartalo
energetinę sistemą – nuo energijos gamintojo iki energijos
vartotojo. Siekiant, kad miesto teritorija taptų CO2 neutralia,
bus diegiamos atsinaujinančių energijos išteklių technologijos
ir energijos vartojimo efektyvumo didinimo priemonės
energijos pasiūlos (gamybos) ir energijos paklausos
(vartojimo) pusėse. Siekiant mažinti iškastinio kuro
naudojimą ir mažinti CO2 išmetimus, numatyta įrengti
biokuro katilą. Didinant energijos gamybos efektyvumą
planuojama įrengti ekonomaizerį ir kogeneracinę elektrinę.
Energijos pasiūlos pusė apima 13 gyvenamųjų pastatų ir 3
viešojo naudojimo pastatus, kurių šiluminės charakteristikos
yra žemos. Įgyvendinant projektą numatoma šiuos pastatus
modernizuoti iki aukšto energinio naudingumo lygmens. T. y.
bus siekiama energijos vartojimo efektyvumą pastatuose
pagerinti 30 % daugiau nei šiuo metu reikalauja mūsų
normos. Taip pat numatoma diegti atsinaujinančių energijos
išteklių technologijas pastatuose (saulės energijos
panaudojimas karštam vandeniui ruošti ir elektros energijai
gaminti).
Projekto
įgyvendinimo
metu
numatyta
kompleksiškai spręsti ir socialinius klausimus.
Tai pirmasis Lietuvoje ir Baltijos šalyse įgyvendinamas tokio
pobūdžio demonstracinis projektas. Pagrindinė idėja,
išskirianti šį projektą iš vykdytųjų anksčiau yra ta, jog į
projekto įgyvendinimą siekiama įtraukti visą bendruomenę ir
skatinti geresnius bei labiau koordinuotus regiono mastu
taikomus kompleksinio modernizavimo principus, užuot
remiantis pavienėmis atsitiktinėmis iniciatyvomis.
Keywords:: gyvenimo kokybė, pastatų modernizavimas,
energinis efektyvumas, ECO-Life, atsinaujinantys energijos
ištekliai.