Expanding the Movement

Expanding the Movement
Unit 8: Notes #4
4/14/16
Mrs. Willis
Types of Segregation
De jure segregation was segregation by law
– The civil rights movement targeted this type
De facto segregation is segregation that exists
through custom and practice rather than by law
– This is more difficult to overcome
– Real estate agents did not show minorities those
homes, and white homeowners who were willing
to sell faced anger from their neighbors
Factions within the Movement
The civil rights movement was seen as a unified
effort, but it was in fact made up of diverse
groups
– By the mid 1960s conflicts among these groups began
to develop
People within the civil rights movement began
to feel that changes in the law did not alter
attitudes
– They began to question whether non violent protest
methods were working
– More extreme groups began to develop
Stokely Carmicheal
In May 1966, Stokely
Carmicheal became the
new head of the SNCC
He began to seek
alternative means for the
political empowerment
of Af. Am.
He supported aggressive
action, and called for
Black Power
Black Panthers
Black Power appealed to many young Af.
Am., and inspired the founding of a new
group the Black Panther Party in October
1966
– The Black Panthers rejected nonviolence and
called for a violent revolution as a means of
African American liberation
To achieve their goals the Panthers carried
guns and monitored Af. Am. neighborhoods to
guard against police brutality
Turning Point
The Civil Rights Act of 1968 was passed by
Congress and ended discrimination in
housing
– After school segregation ended, the number of
Af. Am. who finished high school and who went
to college increased significantly
– This led to better jobs and business opportunities
By 1970 an estimated two-thirds of eligible
Af. Am. were registered to vote
Women’s Movement
During the late 1960s & early 1970s the
movement for women’s rights was known by
several different names
– Women’s liberation, equal rights movement, the
feminist movement
The idea of feminism is that women and men
should be socially, politically, and
economically equal
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 banned gender
discrimination
Effects of the Movement
In 1973 the Supreme Court decided in the case of
Roe v. Wade
– State laws that banned abortion were struck down
– The Court ruled that such laws violated a
constitutional right to privacy
This is an issue that is still controversial today
– Those in support felt that legal abortion was
necessary to protect women’s health
– Those opposed feel that fetal life is sacred and should
be protected
Leaders of Women’s Lib
Betty Friedan became a
pioneer in the women’s
movement with her
best-selling book The
Feminine Mystique
– Her book sparked debates
about the roles and rights
of women
She called for reforms to
aid women and families,
flexible work schedules
and equal pay