FtRE DRILL SAVES· CHilDREN. I

Transcription

FtRE DRILL SAVES· CHilDREN. I
"Nine Hundred of Them March Out of
Blazing Detroit School.
DETROIT. Mich.• June l.-All of the
pupils -or St. Caslmlr parochial school, at
Twenty-third and Myrtle Streets, escaped
in safety this morning when fire started
the second floor of the school
There were nearly 900 pupils in the "
school when the fire wa.s discovered. Fire
drills ba.d been frequent. and when the.
alarm was spread through the building
the tea~hers marshaled the Uttle ones into ,
on
orderly lines a.nd conducted them down
the stairs and fire escapes to the ljItreet
without panic and without injury to any
ot them.
Hundreds of excited Pollsh fathers and .
I
mothers, frightened alrr.ost to frenzy by
the news oC the tire, rushl!d to the scene
from all over the parish to rejoice when I'
they found the1r cbildren safe in the
street.
The fire was disco~ered in a room on
the &e~ond !loor. It is suppused \ that
greasy rags or waste generated it, but it I
is also reported' tha,t
an
explosion
I
was.
I
beard shortly before the nam~s were llrst
seen. .f'ather Gutowski of the partsb de- .
clares that he beUeves an effort was
ma.de dcliberotely to burn the buildiItg.
Tbe loss Is a bQU l $5.000.
GOLDEN WEDDiNG3 PUB. FIVE.
-
Ualqu.. Ceremon, In n roU.h Cathollo
Chnf"ob Rt
n .. trnlt..
DnROIT, Mloh•• Nov. 17.-[Speclal.]-Fivo
tlged couples, all DcighboreJ Rod nU mombcfII
of the 881110 churcb, celobralc.od tlle fiftleth
aool.eraarJ of their
"oodlna~
with a RaideD
The
edifice ' ' 41 crowded to tho duore with tho chil
dren and IrandchUdreD at t.he portiolpsuDt:
coullles,
reln(orced
by
friendll
nnd
neIahbora. The bapPl' ten woro: MlC!hael
Lalow4'lkl, 8gl!d '71,
his
wifo Eliza
ooth. oaed 7-1; Jobn Kujct, 80, bId
wUe Annn. 77; John DBIYD, 80, h B wife
CbrlstrT\o, '71; Jobn Jal!zk .., 75; hi. wife,
Mars, 70; John Buman. 83; hb wife. Dor.
jub!!" derYlC!B at St.
ea....imlr'. Church.
otby, 76. Thero were two other couples wbu
had been married the lIomo dR)' In POlnnd.
John and catherina RanllzowdKl and It''rnn''
and MarY \vloe~kl, but tOO! w~re not "blo to
altl"nd churcb. The Rev. Paul OutOQkl C!on.
dUl'too thP &ervicet.
He J')l'C'pnroo Beats for
tho ltgcd t'loople witbln tho altn,p ralilUld after
maBM bod bO~D cel~bt8led preached a Ilcrmon
to them, in wbich bo admonlsbed t.hem to reo
DO"'l'd coP2\earation. After Lbo .erl'icc:i a& UlQ
church a reCe)ltiull W88 he:d Ilt tho prlCzlt's
hOUfiO nod 111ter a bj~ gnthcrmg or the parl-h
took pJBeG'ot the ptJtlsb I!choolbousc. l'ha
BiNi couJllca Rrc 0)) hule,ftud tlenrt,f nnd dur
ini'the doy U'Ct8 BurrouDd~d. by twcntY-B II
C!bUdrep and over 110 grlUldcbil\lren.
Giirago Dat~~ Tl'ibune {]8 7~·1963 ; )lov S. aS94: Pr
pg. 4
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IllUSlRAliONS
PAGE
179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189
190
191
192
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194
213
214
215
220
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st.
Albertus Parish Council
Altar Society, Christian Mothers
Zwiazek Polek, Third Order
L.C.B.A., Youth Club
L~dies Guild, Sodality
Altar Boys, St. Vincent de Paul
The Peopl e of God of St. Albertus Parish
Senior Citizens of st. Albertus Parish
Mrs. Augusta Goike, Oldest Livin g Parishoner
Michael Koss, Serving Mass for Pope Paul VI
Blessing of Food Baskets, Holy Saturday 1972
Polish Wedding
Polish Wedding
Corpus Christi
R(!member When?
Remember When?
Remember When?
st. Albertus Ushers Club Officers
st. Albertus Ushers Club Memb e r s
st. Albertus Ushers Club Memb e r s
Fr. John Szopinski, Assistant - St. Albertus Parish
DETROIT'S OLDEST
POLISH PARISH
+
ST. ALBERTUS 1872 -1973 <!Centennial DETROIT'S OLDEST POLISH PARISH
ST. ALBERTUS
Detroit, Michigan
1872 - 1972
History by REV. JOSEPH SWASTEK Polish
Histb~ by REV. JOHN SZOPINSKI , S.J. Photogr aptrs by
FRANK J. SLOMZENSKI 6559 Drexel Dea rborn Hgts . . Mich . 48"27 LO. 2-3173 2
3
-. 1903, when he received Ihe bishop's commission 10 examine Fr . Dabrowski's
posthumous papers, marked only Ihe beginning (as was pointed OUI earlier) of
his concern over Ihe deceased rector's legacy .
In addilion, Fr. Mueller served for sixleen years as a member of Ihe Easlern
Deanery Board of Education, from his appointment in 1897 unlil his dealh. He
was Ihe Ihird Polish priesl 10 hold a diocesan office, following Rev. Joseph
Dabrowski (who was Ihe firsl priesl to serve as president of the Detroit Diocesan
School Board) and Rev. Paul Gutowski, paslor of SI. Casimir Parish, who had
become a member of Ihe board several years before Fr. Mueller. From 1902
until his death, Fr. Mueller also served as a diocesan examiner of Ihe junior
clergy .
Shorlly before his death, in recognition of his faithful service 10 Ihe
Calholic Church and the Polish community in Delroil , Fr. Mueller received an
unexpecled gift which delighled him . II was a phOlograph of Ihe sainlly Pope
Pius X (canonized in 1954) personally inscribed and signed by Ihe ponliff
himself. The Latin inscriplion said: "To our beloved son in charge of SI . Albert
Church in Delroit we impart from Ihe hearl a pledge of our good will and our
apostolic blessing ."
Though gladdened by the papal message, Fr. Mueller showed signs of
apprehension about his health as the 1913 New Year brought its wintry blasts .
Vet he continued his work and numerous inlerests, eager for spring. He gave an
interview to Tile Detroit JOllmal in favor of woman suffrage. He preached Easter
Sunday with concern about the damage done by a windslorm on Good Friday to
the church steeple and cllimney.
Easter Monday morning he became quite ill and died aboul Iwo weeks later
of pneumonia . After receiving Ihe last rites from Rev . Roman Klafkowski , he
breathed his last on Saturday, April 19, at 7 :35 in the evening, at the rectory .
Fr . Mueller's funeral, held Thursday, April 24, was among the largest and
most impressive in Detroit's Polish community history. The aclive and honorary
pallbearers included some of the best known cilizens of the city. The church was
fiJled to overOowing by over 3,000 parishioners, priesls, nuns, and dignilaries.
Bishop Foley and his auxiliary Edward D. Kelly both attended as did
Suffragan-Bishop Paul Rhode of Chicago. Bishop Kelly celebraled the Requiem
Mass, after which Bishop Foley eulogized the deceased in English while Rev.
Joseph Lempka delivered the Polish funer al oration.
The body was temporarily interred at Me Elliott Cemetery, where Bishop
Rhode performed Ihe final obseqUies. Subsequenlly , Fr . Mueller's remains were
moved, al his own dying requeSI, to MI. Olive I Cemetery and laid in a
mausoleum next 10 the lomb of his beloved mOl her. She had resided wilh him
up to the time of her death three years earlier.
Fr . Francis Mueller was one of the best and most faithful slewards of SI.
Albertus Parish. He brought it stability and prosperity, peace and prestige. He
made il possible for the parishioners 10 look their neighbors proudly in the face
and to carry Iheir heads high with dignity . "
111is good repute redounded 10 the Polish community at large throughOUI
Delroit. Earlier, in Ihe 1870's and 1880's, the city papers wrOle with veiled
contempt or half·concealed sarcasm, or with waspish attempts at "Polish Jokes ,"
about "Polacklown slums" wilh "the shanties ... hogs and geese in Ihe
backyards.
."; aboul "Polack town wives 'al Ihe markel shopping' wilh a
sharp tongue ..."; aboul "Polack ville ... the Polack church . .."; and about
"The Rioting Polacks haVing anolher shindig al the church" and "some broken
heads
"
Now, due in good measure to Ihe many ·sided, persistenl inOuence of Fr .
Mueller, Detroit newspapers began, already during his lifetime , to publish articles
with a differenl lOne and content - aboul "Detroit's Polish Colony," about
"Detroit's Polish Pioneers and Their Remarkable Progress ," about "Shepherds of
Ihe Polish Flock and their Churches ," aboul "Represenlalive Polish Cilizens"
about "Delroit Poles in Music .. .," and aboul "Detroit's Beautiful Polish Girls."
Mayor William B. Thompson best exemplified Ihe new attitude in a speech
he delivered July 5, 1907, allhe Polish Falcon convention: "Detroil is proud of
its 70,000 Poles who helped ils prosperily, built its most beauliful churches,
mainlained first class schools, paid their taxes, and obeyed the laws ." Thirty or
even Iwenly years earlier no politician, however eagerly avid for Polish support
or sympalhy, would have made such a slatemenl in a public assembly and much
less for publ ica lion.
CHAPTER 6
THE AMERICAN ·MINDED PASTOR
Rev . Joseph F . Herr, Ihe elevenlh paslor of SI. Alberlus Parish, while in
some respecls similar to his predecessor differed from him in others. Bolh bore
Teulonic surnames, came from Prussian -Poland (Ihough one was a Silesian the
olher a Poznan ian), and made their prieslly sludies in America . BUI Ihey differed
in outlook and attilude , particularly in one significanl respecl : Fr. Herr's
primary cultural inlerests , preferences, and loyalties lended to be American
FR.
M U ELL E R
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SOUVENIR BOOK OF THE St.
Casimir parish
DETROIT, MICHIGAN
1882 -
1957
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.. ay • • • • • • • • • • • • y
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
First Pastor ot St. Casimir's
Born January
5th, 1845 in Poland
Finished his education in Poland at the
Marian Seminary in Peiplinia, Poland
Ordained a priest Dec. 1st, 1872
A ppointed Pastor of St. Casimir Dec. 8 th, 1882
Died March 30th, 1918
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J{;stor~
of St. Casimir Church In the year 1882, seventy families decided
to build their own church. It was a holy and
beautiful thought. The biggest obstacle in
building the parish was that there was no
Polish priest to take charge. Confident in
God a committee was organized to collect the
necessary funds. The following were on the
first church Committee: Joseph Raniszewski,
Parish. Rev. Wermers, pastor of St. Boniface,
greeted the delegation and knowing the pur
pose of their visit, introduced them to Rev .
Paul Gutowski. Until the new parish would
be built Rev. Werrners made arrangements
for the Polish people to attend devotions and
hear mass every Sunday at 9 o'clock at St.
Boniface parish. Rev Paul Gutowski took care
of their spiritual needs until they moved into
their new church.
Bishop Borgess officially appointed Rev.
Paul Gutowski pastor of St. Casimir parish
November 8, 1882, and in charge of all the
Polish people west of Woodward Avenue.
Frank Raniszewski, Joseph Deja, Alexander
Knopp, Frank Konkel, John Groen, John
Dalman, Andrew Morawski, John Knuth, John
Malick and John Dombecki.
September 1882, six lots were purchased
23rd and Myrtle from Anthony Grosfield
for £2,330.00 .
;\t
October 1882, the committee
mission from Bishop Borgess to
bin ation building (church and
Rev . Bishop then advised the
\isit Rev. Paul Gutowski at
received per
build a com
school). The
committee to
St. Boniface
In order to gather and unite all the Poles
living on the south side of Detroit, Rev.
Gutowski organized the first Church Society
under the Patronage of the patron of the
parish St. Casimir. 35 members were enrolled.
For the women another society, the Rosary
Society was organized with 40 members.
Having the permission of the Bishop, they
began to build the church and school. April
1883 the building was completed with the
church on the first floor classes and the Feli
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cian Sisters quarters on the second floor. The
building was built at a cost of $13,000,00.
The first mass was celebrated in the new
church April 25, 1883. April 29th, 1883 the
new church was blessed by Rev . P. Hennacrt
Vicar-General of the Diocese. The fast growth
of the parish had shown the following year
this report:
of July by Bishop Foley. The following year
the Last Sunday of Advent, Bishop Foley
blessed the ' new church.
In the year 1893, April 30th, the parish
celebrated its tenth anniversary of its organi
zation. On that memorable occasion a souvenir .
booklet was issued and a banquet followed.
85 pews in the church pew rent $4.00 and
$5.00.
340 families
2 church societies St. Casimir and
Holy Rosary .
152 Baptisms
30 Weddings
34 Funerals
182 Children in school taught by 3 Feli
cian Sisters.
April 18th , 1884 Bishop Borgess nominated
the first church committee: 1. Miloch and
Joseph Deja.
Shortage of classes necessitated the building
of the Sisters Convent in 1885, whose quar
ters were up to this time in the school.
Two years later in 1887 the rectory was
built.
~I
Soon the church and schooL were too small
for the fast growing parish, and so in April
1889 the new church foundation was laid
and the cornerstone was blessed on the 28th
The program at that time consisted of a dinner
with various speeches for the occasion, bene
diction of the Blessed Sacrament at 3 o'clock
in the afternoon, and at 7 o'clock in the eVe
ning a good old fashioned Polish Dance. The
committee for that gala festivity were the
following: President Alexander Wiciachowski,
secretary Andrew Plagens, Cashier Alexander
Knopp, Joseph Kromka, John Dalman, Joseph
Stynka, Wa\.ter Sobczynski, John Piotkowski
and Valentine Budnik.
With the beginning of the year 1905 the
third floor was added to the Sisters Convent.
In the year ] 906 an addition of eight more
classrooms and a third floor was added to the
elementary school. The dedication and blessing
ceremonies took place on February ' 10th,
1907.
November 1st, 1907 the Rev. Pastor, Paul
Gutowski celebrated his Silver Anniversary of
Holy Priesthood. In that same year the parish
celebrated the 25th anniversary of the found
ing of the parish .
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With alL the preparations for the Joyous
• • •• season of Easter the hearts of all the parisn
oners of St. Casimir were saddened for on that
day March 30th, 1918, Holy Saturday, forti
fied with the last rites the Rev. Pastor Paul
Gutowski parted with this earth to meet His
Eternal Priest, Jesus Christ. Thursday April
4th, 1918, His Excellency Bishop Kelley in
the presence of many clergy and friends cele
brated a Solemn Requiem mass and funeral
services for the remains of the beloved pastor.
His body was laid to rest in Mt. Eliot ceme
tery.
During his pastorage the following served
as his assistants: Revs . John Lemke, Joseph
Herr, Alexander Skrzycki, Michael Barnett,
Leon Jarecki, Eugene Pattok, Bernard
Zmijewsk i, Sylvester Kolkiewicz, Jan Zare
czny and Ralph Chrzaszcz.
After the death of Rev. Gutowski, His
Excellency appointed Rev. Alexander Grud
zinski pastor of St. Casimir. His duties began
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From May 1919 to January 1920 Rev.
Francis Baweja was the acting Pastor. During
his time the Central Heating Plant was con
structed to care for all the heating needs.
The cost of this building and boiler was
$22,000.
in April of 1918 until May of 1919 when he
was made pastor of St. Francis Assisi Parish.
The home in which the sisters lived for the
past 38 years proved to be inadequate to
accomodate the sisters and to far gone for
further repairs. It was then decided to build
a new sisters Convent.
.
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January 17th, 1920 the Rev. Bishop appoin
ted Rev. Edward Maisel pastor of St. Casimir
parish. At that time he was acting pastor of
St. Joseph's in Jackson, Michigan.
Four lots were purchased on the west comer
of Ash and 23rd Street in 1923 for $32,000.00.
Work began in the spring of that year and on
August 20th, 1924 the sisters occupied the
new Convent. The cost of this new building
was $69,613.63.
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-'-- _ '.,
Skendzel,
uard
. THE KOLASINSKI
Littleshield Press, 1979)
p. p.83
. (Grand Rap;
. Paul Gutowski was a Franciscan priest who
diocesan p
through Bismark's Kulturkampf
,MI:
a
was
rn Jan. 15, 1845 in
Masurian region of Poland
- he was ordained
. 1, 1
came to Chi
in 1875 th a group
former
iscans
came to Detroit in
stor of St. Casimir Church (on Detroit's
inted
s
) on
. 1, 1
died Mar.
,1918
- one of the founders of PIELGRZYM POLS
(The Polish Pilgrim)
in
A History of the Poles in America to 1908 PART III
POLES IN THE EASTERN AND
SOUTHERN STATES
t- C
{;.
/
i
f
i
by Waclaw Kruszka
_, r
James s. Pula
, ~ () ;
Krystyna Jankowski
EDITED, WITH AN INTROD UCTION, BY
T RAN SLAT E D BY
ASSOCIATE EDITORS:
M. B. Biskupski & Stanley Cuba
ASSISTANT EDITORS: T. Lindsay Baker, Stanislaus A. BJejwas, Daniel S. Buczek, Anne Cirocco, Anthony J. Kuzniewski, Joseph J. Parot, Donald E. Pienkos, Thaddeus C. Radzilowski, Frank A. Renkiewicz
The Catholic University of America Press Washington, D.C. \
"
.2
88
A History of the Poles in America to 1908
Pitass in the East. Both became outstanding by establishing two of the
largest Polish immigrant parishes in America. Barzynski founded St.
Stanislaus Kostka parish in Chicago which numbered about 50,000 mem
bers dllling his lifetime, and Pitass founded St. Stanislaus, Bishop and
Martyr parish, in Buffalo, which had some 30,000 members . We will not
dwell on the positive or negative aspects of colossal parishes. We are only
establishing the fact that these men were able to huddle, gather, and unite
into one organizational entity such huge masses of immigrants, and that
for over a quarter of a century they were able to remain as pastors of such
huge parishes-ten times larger than many dioceses in America. This fact
proves the great and uncommon organizational and self-preserving
strength of both of these priests. In this regard both of them permanently
shine in the firmament of Polish American history as stars of the first mag
nitude. Other permanent stars, around which many planets and satellites
revolved , are those who have served interruptedly as pastors of the same
parish for over a quarter century. These include: Rev. Benvenuto Gram
lewicz in Nanticoke, Pennsylvania; Rev. Jacek [Hyacinth] Gulski in Mil
waukee, Wisconsin; Rev. Czyzewski" in South Bend, Indiana; Rev.
Dominic Majer in St. Paul, Minnesota; Rev. Pawel Gutowski in Detroit,
Michigan; Rev. Urban Raszkiewicz in Otis, Indiana; Rev. Lenarkiewicz
who died in 1904 in Shenandoah, Pennsylvania; Rev . Wladislaw
Miskiewicz in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania; Rev. Ludwik D\lbrowski in San
Antonio, Texas; and perhaps a few other such stars. Permanent stars of
second and third rank are the many pastors who established smaller or
larger parishes and constantly labored in them for ten or fifteen years.
There were, however, other orbiting satellites and planets passing through
various settlements; and finally long-tailed comets crossing the entire
length and breadth of America, not only in the North but also in the South .
We have a large group of preachers who are famous for their eloquence,
men such as the golden-tongued Rev. Gulski, the pioneering Rev. Moze
jewski, the honey-sweet Rev. 1. Kosinski, CR, the tearfully moving Rev.
Byzewski, OFM. the convincing Rev. Pawel Rhode, the entrancing Rev.
Wincenty Lewandowski, the soothing Rev. Cezar Tomaszewski, CSSp,
the thundeling Rev. Raczynski , CSc., the enlightening Rev. Dworzak,
DO, the eloquent Rev . Edward Kozlowski, the fiery Rev. B6jnowski, the
popular Rev . L. Garus. the eloquent Rev. D. Majer, the reproving Rev.
Gramlewicz, and the humorous Rev. Zar~czny. It is difficult to name them
all , since there are as many as there are beads on a rosary. Of the travelling
missionaries who, with the evangelical plow, furrowed through the length
History of the Po
and breadth of the Lord's vineyar
Rev . Matauszek, SJ, Rev. Seb
Remigiusz Berendt, OFM, Rev. I
Wn~k, SJ, Rev. Warol, SJ, Rev.l
Wisniewski , OFM, and others.
So far two Poles have held the
Feliks lwiardowski, CR, in the I
Msgr. Karol Langner in the Diol
highest position achieved by Pol
cathedral chapters in America. H
cil do exist. Therefore, we have
diocesan consultants or advisors
erend"; Jacek Gulski in the Di
Gara in the Diocese of La Cros
nois; Jacek [Hyacinth] Fudzin
Gutowski in Detroit, Michigan;
Ignasiak in Erie, Pennsylvania
Grand Rapids, Michigan; 1. CI
Wisconsin; Benvenuto Gramlev
vania; and 1. Pacholski in the 0
consultant is a shadow of the C
only an advisory function; they
An Amelican bishop must, at til
not obligated to follow it. It WOI
in some cases, a bishop wou\!
cathedral chapters have already
countries such as England and
missionary footing as the Unite
do not have canons. Why? Dc
course they do. By 1883 Rome
and cathedral chapters here, bu
ing to Rev. Smith in his Elen1el
Canons would curtail the bisho
is no canon law-the bishop i
diocesan consultants in Amen
the office of bishop. lrremo v,
biles) have the same right acco
Baltimore, which state that "ey
able" (see Tit. D, cap. V). We
272
road to fortune. He conducted a land office and waged an obstinate battle
with other colonizers. This very circumstance prompted him to found
Gazeta. The newspaper was successful, but in the second half of 1885
Klupp died and the entire business enterprise, which had been maintained
by his energy, tumbled to ruins, taking Gazeta with it. Gazeta Chicagoska
introduced two new journalistic powers into American Polonia:
Brodowski and Sadowski. Gazeta Chicagoska again appeared in 1901,
under the editorship of F. Danisch, but soon disappeared from the scene.
Michai J6zef Sadowski (Pankiewicz) was born in Warsaw on June 22,
1857. After completing high school he entered Warsaw University, study
ing first medicine and then law. In 1881 he left for America. At first he
edited Gazeta Chicagoska, then consecutively Kuryer Chicagoski (1887),
Polak w Ameryce (1888), and Echo (1888-1891). Thereafter he was the
editor of Dziennik Narodowy until his death in April 1900. He was the
secretary general of the PNA and also published the humorous periodical
KukU/)'ku [Cock-a-doodle-do].
GAZETA NARODOWA [THE NATIONAL GAZETTE] OF DETROIT
In 1874 Jan Barzynski 's Gazeta Polska KalOlicka had been appearing in
Detroit for a few months . After that, however, there was no newspaper
there for the next ten years. Only 1. Piotrowski's bookstore existed. In
September 1884, just before the national elections, the weekJy Gazeta
Narodowa appeared in Detroit, published by Piotrowski and edited by
Zawisza.2l Zawisza was also one of the more interesting journalistic fig
ures in America. He was an absolute radical who came from Galicia and
was a socialist. The extreme radical tone of the periodical and the lack of
funds soon caused the Gazeta Narodowa to fail in the same year it was
founded. Hieronim Derdowski, a famous Kaszubian folk writer who had
come to America at that time, also worked for Gazeta Narodowa.
PIELGRZYM POLSKI [THE POLISH PILGRIM) OF DETROIT
Pielgrzym Polski was a joint stock publication . The president of the
company was Rev. Pawet Gutowski, the secretary was A. Koiakowski ,
and the treasurer was K. Nowakowski. Hieronim Derdowski took over the
editorship of Pielgrzym. Misunderstandings occurred and in 1888 Der
dowski left the newspaper and went to Winona , Minnesota . Kazimierz
Olszewski, later the publisher of Pawda [The Truth] in this city, took over
as the editor of Pielgrzym; it folded in 1888 24
History of the PoJi~
KRYTYKA [THE CRITIC
The founder of Krytyka in 1885 '"
years had passed since he began his
[Weekly Announcement], which
November 7, 1885, and by Kuryer P
Quite simply, Tygodnik AnonsOlV)
described its character. However, at
exist, even if fun was poked at it. V.
convention of Polish American jou
that time the editor of KJupp's C.
Kruszka in passing. Kruszka was s
owski asked humorously in his ne
sowy would send its "editor" to the
changed his conviction about M . K.J
Krytyka, since it was not much l~
impress others, because the Czech ~
paper of Karol Jonas, labelled it '
since KI},tyka had condemned 5
became an acquaintance and good
lieutenant governor and Kruszka se
Other editors of Krytyka include
Stalistaw Slisz in 1887, and F. H. J
Being totally under the direction
be nothing but radical in every
twenty-five and A. Paryski and F. I
Only S. Slisz, who also edited K
conservative than they, although 1
Since that time each of them has c
It could be said that Krytyka We
and it declared itself vehemently 0
class.
The first issue of KI)'tyka appe
1886, Krytyka enlarged its fom1
increased its size threefold, finall}
When writing about KI)·ryka. it
It surrendered its role as the first f
ennik Polski, a Polish daily perio
2
VJl..., \;
ica to 1908
partitions. The difference was
each other in America. eho] from October 8, 1864, after !
: mysterious person . Romauld J. is editorship. See: Joseph Wieez
n America from the 1830s to the II Essays (Stevens Point, Wiscon
pson-Niecko, pp . 124, 248, note ded in 1866 by lay Polish nation
forces for leadership in Chicago lble on microfilm at the Immigra
St. Paul, Minnesota. cher, participant in the insurrec
:: Bolek_ Who's Who. hicago] known as Cazeta Polska s published in Chicago from 1873 ~, when it supported the Republi
ld supported the Polish National igration History Research Center, most important Polish pub
50 Polonia. Antoni Smarzewski em-keeper, and earliest organizer 'arot, Polish Catholics, pp. 19-24; 1837-1905) was political leader of ! development of the community. ;yn, "The Political Career of Peter 19O'S
.; Wiktor Karlowsld, soldier, civic nent in Detroit in 1873 that led to
erica. The foundation and move
outlook and personal lead ership.
:a from 1874 to 1880) was trans
ame a dominant force in Polish
)n there, probably in 191 3. Some
direction of Rev. Gieryk. On this
:e Orton, Polish Delroil and Ihe
981}, pp. 191-219, note 85, 222
O.
active in the Polish National
!iecko, "The Poles in America,"
S. :hicago since 1888, weekly until the Polish National Alliance of , 1908-1974 at the Immigration Vlinnesota. )f. See: Bolek, Who's Who. IC1Q)
Notes to Chapter 11
353
21. M. J. Kucera e-1904), active in the organization of the Chicago Cmin" Polska in
IBM and the Polish National Alliance in 1880. See: Bolek, Who's Who.
22. Francis Jerome Jablonski (1863 - 1908), author, leader in the Polish National Alliance
and ed itor of major Polish American newspapers including Kuryer Polski of Milwaukee in
1901-1905. See: Polski Sluwnik Biograficzny, to, pp. 255-56.
23. '!ulian Piotrowski , printer, was one of the pioneer leaders of Detroit Polonia. See:
Orton, Palish Detroil. pp. 21-22, 172, 191. On JOzef Zawisza, see: Orton, Polish Delroit .
24. Pielgrzym Pulski (The Polish Pilgrim] was founded in opposition to the controversial
Rev. Dominic H. Kolasinski by a group headed by Rev. Pawel Gutowski, the pastor of St.
Casimir's church on the west side of Deb'oit from its beginning in 1882 until his death. Kaz
imierz Olszewski, to whom Kruszka refers . probably was Leonard Olszewsk.i who estab
lished Prmvda in 1888. See: Orton, Polish Delroit, pp. 31-32, 183 , 191 ,200, note 56.
25. On the beginnings of the Poli sh press in Milwaukee, see: Anthony J. Kuzniewski ,
Failh & Falherland, p. 23. Krytyka [The Critique] had a moderately pro-labor orientation
during the troubles of 1886. See: Kuzniewski , Failh & Fatherland, pp. 28-29, 144, note 38.
26. Slavie (Racine, Wisconsin) is available on mier061m for 1861-1862,1865,1870-1918
at the State Historical Society of Wisconsin at Madison and the Immigration Hi story
Research Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul.Minnesota.
27. Antoni A. Parysso, pen name for Antoni A. Paryski (1865-1935), publisher best
known t'or his association with Amery/w-Echo of Toledo. On Francis Jablonski, see note 22
above.
28. Orzel Bialy (The White Eagle], June 30, 1888 to April 1890, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
It was published alternately with Opiekum (The Guardian].
29 . Antoni Mallek (1851-1917), musicia n, composer, tencher, and publisher; organized
the Polish Singers Alliance of America in 1888 and held major offIce in the Polish National
Alliance. See: Polski Siownik BiograjicZIlY, 19, pp. 474-75; Leon T. Blaszczyk, "The Polish
Singers' Movement in America," Polish American Siudies, 38, No. I (Spring, 1981), pp. 50
62 .
30. Julian Czupka (1854-7), lawyer, editor, and poet. See: Bolek, Who's Whu.
31. Rev. Jan Romuald Byzewski, OFM (1842-1905), pastor of SI. Stanislaus Kostka
church in Winona from 1875 (?) to 1890. See: Bolek, Who's Who; Orton, Polish Delroit, pp.
187-188.
32. Rev. Konstantin Domagalski (?-1895ry), writer and editor. See: Orton, Polish Delroil,
pp. 56-57; Polski SlofVniok Biogrujiczny, 5, p. 292 .
33 . Jerome Derdowski (1852-1902), poet, editor, and major contriblltor to Kaswbian as a
literary language. See: Andrzej Bukowski, Dzialalno.ic Literacka i Spoleczna Hieronim Der
dow.~kiego w /tm£ryce (Gdansk, 196 1); Helen Derdowska Zimniewicz, "Poli sh Trouble
maker-Pioneer Trouble Shooter," Copher HislOriafl, 4 (November, 1949), pp. 2, 4. 13.
Wiafl/.\·, which ceased publication in 1919, is available on microfilm at the Minnesota State
Historical Society in St. Paul.
34. On Rev . Luczycki, see original preface, note 13.
35. Rev. Jan Pitass (Pitas) (I844-1913). the foremost leader of Buffalo Polonia in the
early immigrant generation. See Polski Siownik Biograjiczny, 26, pp. 584-85.
36. J. M. Sadowski is the same as M. J. Sadowski noted earlier in the chapter.
37. Stanislaw Slisz died in 1908. See: Bolek, Who's Who.
38. Rev. Antoni K1awiter ((839 -')}, a Roman Catholic priest who eventually joined the
independent Polish church movement in America. See: Stanley L. Cuba, "Rev. Antoni Klaw
iter: Polish ROInan and National Catholic Builder-Priest," Polish American Sunties , 40, No.2
(Fall, 1983)
39. The persons noted in this paragraph are mostly shadowy figures associated with the
beginnings of Polish socialisln in America. The biographies of J!izcf Bemolak, Alphonse
Chrostowski, Jan 1. Chrzanowski, and Juljus Szupka in Bolek, Who's Who, and Kruszka,
Hislorya, 5, pp. 23, 65, suggest that the Ognisko group was an ideologically mixed on~
A History of tbe Poles in America to 1908
The Poles in Michigan and Eastern Canada
Three hundred twenty families belong to the Polish parish of the Immacu
late Conception. There are four societies in the parish, as follows: the Arch
confraternity of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, with 90 members; the Rosary So
dality for Women, with 200 members; the Rosary Confraternity for Young
Women, with 180 members; and the St. Cecilia Choir, with 38 members. Fa
ther Watajtys is well liked and respected by his parishioners for his truly fa
therly solicitude, with which he surrounds them.
In November, 1906, the Polish settlement in Parisville celebrated its golden
anniversary-with a solemn mission conducted by the Jesuit Fathers.
asked him in German if he knew where the Poles lived. The stranger asked
them why they wanted to know, and when they told him that they were also
Poles, his joy knew no bounds. The stranger had been Jak6b Mindak, who
passed away not long ago . He took them to the headquarters of the Poles;
they were all bachelors, and they all worked as tailors.
It is possible to imagine the joy of the three bachelors when they saw the
first young Polish woman on American soil. They all shouted in unison to
Mr. Lemke: "Give her to me"-"No, give her to me"-"I will take her." The
lucky winner was Stanislaw Melin, and the honorable marriage is still in the
best of health today.
Meanwhile, the Poles kept slowly coming to Detroit, [although they had
not yet formed a community 1 and thus were not well acquainted with one
another. However, they all attended SI. Joseph Church. And so, on the way to
church, the pioneers heard the Polish language. Two strangers were talking
between themselves: "We have it good here in America, but we do not have
our own church, we do not have a priest, who would hear our confession in
our language, we do not have a preacher, who would speak into our hearts."
The strangers were Wojciech Lorkowski, still living today, and his brother
in-law, Stanislaw Swi?tek. They then got together, got to know each other
better, and began to count themselves. There were already quite a number of
them, and they began to think of founding a church confraternity. They
were: Karol and Franciszek Rohr, Jan and Marcin Kulwicki, Stanislaw Zien
tarski, Maks Zi~tek, Leon Wolanski, Jan G6ra, Antoni Konus, Szpigiel family,
Tomasz Zotowski, Jan Laza, Fr. Strzyiewski and his three brothers Jan, J6zef,
and Antoni, Jan and Franciszek Szafran, Marcin, Antoni, and Jakob Os
trowski.
There were also: Jak6b Richard , J6zef Hildebrandt, Jakob Szymanski, An
toni Zuchowski, Jak6b Jablonski, J6zef, Antoni and Jan Bialk, Jan Rojewski,
A. and Jak6b Lorkowski, Michal Jezewski, Marcin and Antoni Trepa, Fr.
G6ra, Maciej Kopydl6wski, and Fr. Ellwart. The majority of these first set
tlers joined together into the confraternity of SI. Stanislaus Kostka. which ex
ists to this day, numbering a few hundred members. Around 1871, there were
already over 300 Polish families, and during this time, the German Catholics
began to build a new, magnificent church of St. Joseph at St. Aubin Ave. and
Canfield. The Poles wanted to participate actively with contributions and in
the construction, but they were told that , although they would be accepted
into the parish, their pews in the new church would have to be separate.
It was then that they began to think of their own temple. From time to
time, Father Wieczorek, C.R., commuted here from Parisvilk, Michigan, to
hear confessions and to preach in Polish. He encouraged them to separate
themselves from the Germans and to found their own parish. Before Father
18
PARISH OF ST. WOJCIECH IN DETROIT
The first Poles arrived in Michigan, near the border of Canada, in 1855.'
They, therefore, settled there at more or less the same time as in Wisconsin
(Polonia ), and in Texas. We read in the annals of the Detroit Swoboda that
they were immigrants from Western Prussia from around Chelmno, Torun,
PelpJin, and Gdansk.
Before them, there were two immigrants from 1831: Kaminski and Jas
nowski, whose son does not speak much Polish, and who considers himself
more of a German than a Pole, as well as two Polish priests: Father Julian
Maciejewski, the pastor of the German parish in Greenfield, who is buried at
Mt. Elliot cemetery near the not-long-deceased Father Jan Lemke, and Fa
ther Pawlowski, who left Detroit shortly after the arrival of the first Polish
settlers. The oldest of them all was Antoni Leszczynski, who soon left Detroit
and settled on a farm where, in 1876, he lost his life in a fire. His wife survives
him to this day in Sand Beach, and all her grandchildren speak Polish as if it
were their native tongue. Around 1855, citizen Stanislaw Melin, who is alive
today (1899) arrived with his brother Franciszek, and his brother-in-law,
Jakob Mindak. Both the Mclin and Leszczynski families have preserved their
mother tongue to this day, that is, to the third generation.
The Lemke family arrived in 1859, and comprised citizen Jan Lemke, still
living, his first wife's sister, and two nephews , both now deceased, of whom
one passed away in 1894. Jan Lemke left behind his widow and children,
whose children , in turn, still speak Polish at home. The arrival of the Lemke
family was the boundary stone, so to speak, of the Poles becoming organized
ill Detroit. They were initiaUy planning to go to Milwaukee, but an old Jew,
who promised them the world, talked them into remaining there. The Jew
also informed them about the Poles already living there, and showed them
the street where they resided. So, the entire family went to search for them.
On Clinton Street, between Hastings and Antoine, they met a stranger and
19
Wieczorek, other priests had come to Detroit, but Bishop Borghess sent
them away. Father Wieczorek wrote from Parisville on January 25, 1871:
54 feet, and 30 feet high; the house is to be 40 by 30 feet , 18 feet high, and quite comfort
20
There have already been four Polish priests in Detroit trying to get a place for them
selves, but because they were of dubae famae and spoke only Polish, the bishop would
not accept them, although there are many Poles in Detroit and other cities in my dio
cese and the people want Polish priests. I commute to Detroit only during the summer,
which is only six hours away from me-I have visited the others only once.
He also wrote to the general on February 16, 1871: "There are many Poles in
Michigan, and our house could be long lasting and helpful to other houses if
only it was not dependent on the German one" (the house in Canada!). And
Father Bakanowski, CR., wrote to the general from Chicago on August 5,
187t:
Father Wieczorek wrote that there are many Poles in Detroit, even more than in his
Parisville, Michigan, and that they want the Resurrectionists; they themselves have sent
a petition to him, fuil vidil, and he has left the decision until Dear Father's visit there.
This would, of course, be better for us than Paris, Michigan.lfwe could manage to have
two houses, one in Chicago and the other in Detroit, then we could satisfy the entire
northern part of the United States. And again the temptation to leave Texas. Let Dear
Father Ihink about it some more before Christ, and maybe he will decide to leave Texas
for good. Let the bishop (of Texas) protest. . ..
The representatives of Detroit Polonia then went to Bishop Borghes, who
gave them permission to find and purchase land. Farmer Kotodziejczyk, who
still lives near Detroit, Jan Lemke, Antoni Ostrowski, and Antoni Trepa set
out on a pilgrimage among the numerous French people here, who own al
most the entire eastern part of the city.
J3ellair, Riopelle, Beaubien, St. Aubin, and Campau all had lots, and each
understood his business very well; each knew that the construction of a
church would populate the area that had been covered with a dense forest
until now. The German, Pulte, who passed away recently, was our country
men's advisor. They paid $1,200 for the land, on which the church was to
have been built, and where today stands the rectory. The money for this was
put down by the above-mentioned Frenchmen, and a few hundred was still
left over to begin construction on the building. Bishop Borghess looked over
the lot, gave his blessing, and the Poles began their work-under the direc
tion of Father Wieczorek, CR., who wrote to Father Bakanowski, CR., on
September 23,1871, a few weeks before the forest fire in Parisville:
The bishop used me as an intermediary for the Poles in Detroit in order to unite them
and to build a Polish church ... he will certainly give the adminisration of Detroit and
other missions in northern Michigan to our order. Up to now, 1 have done everything
that is necessary for the construction of the church, the rectory, and the school-we
have one lot 270 by 100 feet. We already have $4,000 endorsed. The church is to be 120 by
21
able.
All three buildings are to be wooden ... . Illinois and Michigan must be in our hands,
there is no other way.... Address: 496 Gratiot Street, Detroit.
Meanwhile, at the beginning of October, 1871, ParisvilJe burned down, and
Father Wieczorek moved permanently to Detroit, leaving the Poles in Paris
ville under God's care. It was when Parisville was on fire that General Kaj
siewicz was staying with the German pastor in Detroit. A month later, Father
Bakanowski stopped in from Chicago, and wrote to the general on Novem
ber 22, 1871:
The Poles in Detroit are very sorry that they couldn't see Dear Father-those were Ger
man tricks .... I returned from Detroit today, where 1 met with the Bishop and Father
Wieczorek, and so: (1) It is the Bishop's firm wish to have at least two Resurrectionist
Fathers in Detroit, for whom he will send money for the trip at any time. He docs not
want any secular priests. (2) Polonia in Detroit, numbering 350 families, is harmo
niously compatible: all, without exception, have declared themselves to support two
priests. (3) The), are already building a larger and more beautiful church than in
Chicago with the rectory next to it and a separate school. Everything is to be completed
by May. (4) The Bishop told me that Father has promised him at least one priest to help
Father Wieczorek. (5) Although he finally told me that it does not matter to him whom
our Superior sends from the order, it would, however, be right and just for Falher
Wieczorek to remain here, since he must bear so many difficulties today, and in addi
tion, he has gained the confidence and love of the people, that I dare to speak up for
him to continue to stay here. (6) Father Wieczorek wants to be totally obedient to us.
(7) The mission in Detroit is equal to the one in Chicago-there are many Polish colonies
around, to which there is easy access.
And so, Father Wieczorek, a member of the Resurrectionist Order, but di
rectly hating his superior, the German Provincial Funcken, took over the
Polish mission in Detroit. Busy with the construction of the church and rec
tory, Father Wieczorek describes his relation to the order and his parish
ioners to the general on January IS, 1872, as follows:
1 have not written to Father General for six months because Father Funcken (the
Provincial ) virtually forbade member of the order living in America to write directly to
the general, and ordered everything to go through the Provincial. ... I am requesting
that this puzzle be resolved, that is, what is the meaning of such a deadly silence be
tween me and the Fathers of the order, both in Canada and in Rome. Some complain
that they are getting denunciations from Rome, which means that they are still under
Your care, but I get neither denunciations nor any information. Maybe .. . this is anger
because I had been in opposition to Father Funcken. 1 was in Oppositio, that is true; ...
but after the fire . .. 1 requested help, but they left me like Lazarus behind the door; 1 felt
bad, but 1 found pity elsewhere, and it was from strangers, and that is why I have no
conviction regarding German hearts within the order ... I myself heard, how in
Canada, two of our fathers, heated with Sicilian or some other wine, c\;lmored: "Just
wait you Poles, when Provincial Funcken gets here, YOli will get it:-did 1 not have a rca
son to become insulted .... I heard that there have been some disagreements in
Chicago; this suprises me very much because Father Bakanowski is very clam and a
phlegmatic-some complaints were lodged there .... As to me, I also have some dis
tress due to money, the repayment of the debt ... I moved business along as quickly as 1
could, and because of my speed or energy, I already managed to pay $14,000 for the
church , the house, and other things inside the church, and I insured everything for five
years at $15,000, which is the value.... In the summer of next year, I want to clear the
parish totally of debt. The Bishop is very satisfied as is the parish . ... I have much too
much work because I must also service the neighboring missions .... The Detroit parish
has 300 families; I administer and also teach in the school, and there are many ill peo
ple.... I am requesting an assistant-Father Karol Lanz or Father Zwiardowski. One
will be constantly in Detroit, and the other will conduct missions not farther than two
hours away.
American bishops but also General Kajsiewicz's. So as soon as the church
would be completed, Bishop Borghess wanted to get rid of Father Wieczorek.
The consecration ofSt. Wojciech church took place on July '3,1872.
It will undoubtedly be interesting for our readers to become familiar
with the voices of the English and German newspapers, published in Detroit
at that time. Above all, it is striking that not one of them mentioned any
Polish names. It's as if they never even heard of them at all. The Abend Post,
Free Press, Tribune, and Daily Post mentioned the consecration of the
new Catholic church, but not a word about the fact that the Poles had built
it.
This mention can be found in the Sunday issue dated July 13, 1872 (on July
13, 1902, this parish celebrated its 30 year anniversary), and it sounds as fol
lows:
22
Parisville did not belong to these "neighboring missions" because Father
Wieczorek had abandoned it for good in its misfortune, and another priest,
Father Dziurowicz, was there now. So, which missions did he service from
Detroit? He wrote about this on August 16, 1872: "One is here (in Detroit),
and the other must commute to Wyandotte, Bay City, Grand Rapids, Cold
water, and other missions within a 20 mile radius from time to time." There
fore, an assistant was really needed for Father Wieczorek, but this assistant
necessarily had to be a Resurrectionist-hands off the Polish missions to other
priests! Father Bakanowski wrote to the general from Chicago in the spring
of 1872:
The bishop from Detroit sent Father Wieczorek to me to inquire when we will be able
to give him more priests. Everything in Detroit is to be completed in June-the church,
rectory, and the school. I promised that by that time there can be a priest. Certain that
he will get Resurrectionist Fathers, he told the people imperatively: if they do not get
them, then they won't have any. And so, res nostra, et damat ad Dominum suum. We
beg Dear Father to be done with Texas as quickly as possible ... they themselves are
ready to leave Texas as soon as possible.
In the letter cited above, dated January 15, 1872, Father Wieczorek also
wrote:
Towards the end of this letter, I get the idea and the temptation to ask for the title of
Apostolic Missionary because others have ranks and I do not have either one or the
other. ... Up to now, I had been renting a hOllse for the school, but since there are
more and more children, the parish is forcing me to build a school valued at $5,000. To
morrow we are purchasing the land, and after Sundey, we will begin construction of a 55
by 65 foot school.
Thus, with this intention of building a school, as we shall see further on,
Father Wieczorek greatly antagonized Bishop Borghess against himself. A
Polish school in America? To teach the young generation that already grew up
on American soil Polish? What for? Why, the Polish nationality in America is
destined to die out-such was the cOllviction at that time not only of the
23
The formal dedication and consecration of the church of St. Wojciech on St. Aubin
Street not far from Gratiot (only 15 blocks) will take place today. The procession will
begin on the corner of Croghan and Antoine Streets at 2 P.M., and the following Soci
eties will participate: (Here the Polish societies from Detroit and from Wyandotte,
Michigan, are listed, and further, the German, Irish, and Belgian ones totalling .12, as
well as two bands, of which one is Czech).
The route: Antoine Street to Lafayette, Lafayette to Riopelle, Riopelle to Gratiot, Gra
tiot to St. Aubin, and St. Aubin to the church.
There is no mention in any of the papers about the consecration itself.
Only three days later, we found a short notice in the Free Press that the Polish
colony around the new church is increasing daily.
It is difficult to understand why all the newspapers were silent regarding
the founding the first Polish parish. When the editor of the German newspa
per at that time was asked about it, he could not explain this matter. It seems
that no one believed at that time that the number of Poles would increase,
and it was thought that the parish would soon pass into German hands, so
no one wanted to give any encouragement even with one word. Meanwhile,
our countrymen, having a brave priest (Father Wieczorek), a soldier from
1863, at their head, were busy founding a Polish school, when they came
across more difficulties than in building the church.
Bishop Borghess had already decided to have Father Wieczorek, a staunch
supporter of the school, removed immediately after the consecration of the
church. Father Bakanowski, wrote to Father Semenenko from Chicago on
July 18, 1872:
The consecration of the church in Detroit on July 14 took place in an exemplary fashion
with all due ceremony. The Bishop consecrated it, Father Wotlowski and I preac hed
sermons, and in addition, we conducted a small mission for the people. On the third
day, we went to dinner at the Bishop's; he received us hospitably, but finally stated that
he did not want to have Father Wieczorek in his diocese any longer; he ordered me to
take him with me immediately, and to send another in his place. I replied that he must
stay until another could be found. In the mean time, the Bishop delegated full power to
Father Woltowski to put everything in the Polish missions in order where Father Wiec
zorek had spoiled things through his violent character. Now let Father Funcken be
smart enough to at least make some kind of order in the Polish missions when the Poles
at the very mention that he is a German, do not even want to see him. And also, if he
wants to use us as his screen ami to make lise of us, then he must first seek our favor.
isfied and advised me to build a small school at this time at a small cost (at that time
there were already 450 Polish families!). The parishioners also knew about this, but-they
wanted a large, not a small, school. ... Of course, I did what the Bishop had
ordered .... And when the parishioners didn't want to agree to this (to build only a
small school ), angered, I said: either you leave everything as is and I shall leave because
of your stubbornness, or do what you want. And so, they did what they wanted; they
made new plans, a contract, and began their work. The Bishop was tuld about this a few
times by me, and he even stopped by himself on April I, 18n He saw evel]'thing that
was being done, and I do not know whether he was pretending, but he seemed quite
pleased; he was only angered that the Poles wouldn't listen to me.. . . Things went along
quietly until Father Funcken came to Detroit. From then on, the Bishop changed to
ward me, and a few days later, he himself cam e over and brought me a notice closing
the church with an interdict for the entire parish and a suspension for me . . .. Father
Ludwik Funcken summoned me to Canada, where I am to begin a retreat immediately
tomorrow... . There were still other reasons; for example, the deceased Father Hi
eronim (General Kajsiewicz) had promised to send the Bishop either two priests or a
second one to me.... The Bishop considered this as a broken promise. During 11
months, I was able to form a beautiful parish comprised of 400 families, build a church,
and a hOllse; I also paid off $19,000, and only $4,500 of the debt remained. I left Detruit
on the 25th of this month. The Bishop said that the Polish church will remain closed
until all the required conditions will not be met b)' the parish. The people are insisting
very much that I return to Detroit; with two of us there, the Rule would be intact.
Chicago and Detroit are I'ery important missions; these two places may some day be of
great help in the work of the Lord's vineyard as to Polish priests by opening purely Pol
ish colleges. I do not have any more desire to administer a parish; [ would prefer to be a
missionary for the Poles dispersed here and there-l would only need to have the title
of Apostolic Missionary.
24
There was no land for the school, and everyone felt this need very well.
Times in America were critical then; the Viennese crash had been felt here
also. The Poles were not able to collect enough for the purchase. But through
the untiring efforts of our settlers and their brave pastor, this jJroblem was
also solved. Citizens Jan Lemke and Antoni Ostrowski went to Gross Point,
and there having mortgaged their own properties, purchased the land on
which the school stands today. Meanwhile, the pastor was having difficulties
with Bishop l3orghess, who very reluctantly agreed to its opening. To be sure,
he did not deny permission to purchase the land, but he kept delaying the
confirmation of the plans from week to week, as if waiting for something to
happen that would interfere with its construction. The parishioners and the
pastor, seeing that they couldn't wait any longer for his decision, began con
struction without permission. l3ishop 130rghess, returning from a tour of his
diocese to Detroit, saw the raised scaffoldings from the train going along De
quindre Street, and immediately summoned Father Wieczorek. l3ishop
Borghess, God rest his soul, was known for his absolute behavior, and the
changing pastors during his administration were the best proof of this . An
gered, he immediately removed Father Wieczorek from the rectory-to the
general sorrow of the parishioners. In the "exeat" given Father Wieczorek,
Bishop Borghess clearly states the construction of the school as the reason for
his removal:
... testamur, Rev. Dnllm Simonem Wieczorek nulla censura Ecclesiastica innodatum,
irno bonis moribus esse ornatuill. Quum tamen tempure lluper eJapso contra nostrum
mandatum et in scriptis datum et praesenti sermonc iterum atque iterum definitium,
Scholam aedificare incepit seu saltelll ab aliis incipi permisit, ac significationem ante is
tius aedificii inceptionem faciendam per litteras nostras die 30 Decembris A.D. 1872.
praescriptam non transmisit, ellm in pace dimittimus ... . Detroit die 7 Junii 1873, C.H.
!:lorgess.
Father Wieczorek left Detroit on June 25, 1873, and went on retreat to 5t.
Agatha, Canada, from where he wrote to Father 5emenellko (General Ka
jsiewicz had already passed away) on June 27, 18n:
Bring close to paying off the church debts, and seeing the Polish children aban
doned .... I intended to build them a Polish Catholic school. J immediately let the
Bishop know about this, and he accepted the proposition well; indeed, he was even sat-
25
Father Wieczorek remained in St. Agatha, Canada until December, 1873,
when he went to Chicago to help Father Zwiardowski.
After Father Wieczorek's removal, Father Friendland said mass at the
church ofSt. Wojciech from time to time; a few months later, Father Gerecke
(Gieryk), who had been a chaplain in the Prussian army, an extremely
human and educated person, came. He encouraged the Poles to form into
one huge organization-he went to Chicago for this purpose to communicate
with the Resurrectionist Fathers, and he even intended to go to Europe to
send immigrants to the most favorable locations. His plans were salt ill
Bishop 13orghess' eye, and he looked for an excuse to remove him. The
Bishop first warned Father Gerecke not to fool around with any organiza
tions, but when the latter replied that what he intends to carry out is for the
salvation of the people under his care, and that he will not back down, his
fate was sealed. Father Klimecki came to Father Gerecke, and when the
l3ishop found out that Father Gerecke had allowed the visitor to say mass
without prior notice, he immediately removed the beloved pastor, sending
an ex-Franciscan, Father Alfons D?browski as his replacement; soon there
after, he also sent Father Wollowski to help, who had only one arm .. Father
Alfons Dq.browski did not stay long in Detroit. His relations with Father
WoUowski were not the most pleasant, and in addition, he had still other
difficulties; after a year, he left this city for good.
WoUowski did not fare any better. The lack of one arm did not make him
appropriate for administering the already much enlarged parish. It was the
time when a railroad car factory had been opened, a furnace factory was de
veloping, whose fame spread throughout the world, and the Poles were com
ing by the hundreds virtually every month. At that time, the parish of St.
Wojciech already had over one thousand families.
Shortly after Father WoUowski's arrival, Father Dominik Kolasinski (who
had fled from the diocese of Krakow) came to Detroit. Accepted by Bishop
Borghess, he was assigned as Father WoHowski's assistant. This was in 1882.
But they couldn' t stand being together for long, and Father WoHowski gave
up his posilion to Father Kolasinski was then alone in the huge parish now
numbering over two thousand families. The old wooden church was now too
small, and the new pastor began construction on a magnificent temple with
enthusiasm and energy, which today is the embellishment of the entire city of
Detroit. At the same time, Mr. Jan Zynda opened the first Polish brewery in
the United States, and expanded it each year so much so that today it is one
of the largest and most successful.
Father Kolasinski's relations at the beginning were the best with both
Bishop Borghess and the other priests; what helped him in this was the excel
lent social and human disposition of the pastor, who soon became one of the
most powerful people in Detroit, having several thousand supporters among
the attached parishioners. Contributions for the construction of the new
temple flowed copiously; everyone gave freely because salaries were good and
steady. And so, the cornerstone was consecrated on June 29, ]884.
The day before this event, the English newspapers announced the program
of the entire ceremony in big letters.
The following year (1885), the church was opened, and first Father Jozef
Dq.browski, and then somewhat later Father Pawe! Gutowski arrived in De
troit. The first held the position of chaplain of the Felician Sisters, and the
second, took over the parish of St. Casimir on 23rd and Myrtle Streete that
had been already founded by Father Kolasinski. Next, Father D~browski
began construction on the Seminary, which he brought to completion
lhrough his untiring work and efforts.
Meanwhile, serious disturbances were imminent at the parish of St. Woj
ciech. Two factions, one supporting the pastor, and the other one against
him, began to declare themselves against the trustees, and to drag things
through the courts, and , in other words, something could be felt in the air.
Towards the end of 1885, Bishop l:3orghess openly declared himself on the
side of the pastor's opponents, and everyone had the feeling that Father
Kolasinski's days as pastor at St. Wojciech were already numbered.s
Meanwhile, the school was in the hands of the Felician Sisters from the
time they arrived, and the Reverend Mother Superior founded a central
mother house in Detroit for the entire United States, from which their teach
ers left for all the Polish colonies.
Already in October and November, ]885, the harmony of the parish was
disturbed. A substantial number had become displeased, and they made ac
cusations against the trustees and the pastor. In as much as these accusations
were true, they were never officially proven. However, due to these accusa
tions, Bishop Borghess removed Father Kolasinski, and put Father J.
D~browski in his place as pastor, and made Father Jaworski, C.S.S. (who was
later active in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania-with the Order of the Holy Spirit) his
assistant. At any rate, Father Kolasinski was allowed to celebrate Sunday
mass and to preach his farewell sermon. It was in this sermon, memorable in
the history of the Detroit Polonia, that Father Kolasinski complained to his
parishioners that he had been unjustly and without a hearing divested of the
position of pastor by the Bishop. Continuing, when his own words embit
tered him, he tore the church vestments on himself, and the entire church
shuddered from the weeping of the devout parishioners. On the following
day, when the priests, newly appointed by the Bishop, arrived at the church
to celebrate mass, a substantial group of women, ill-disposed toward the new
priests, finally caused an open scandal. In order to enter the church, Father J.
D~browski was forced to call the police, and with the aid of tcn policemen,
clearing the way for him, he entered the church, and (as the chronicles state)
"having posted the policemen in uniform and with their hats on next to the
altar railings, he began to celebrate mass." This caused a shock and distur
bances. Fathers Dq.browski and Jaworski returned to the monastery under
police protection, and the church remained closed from that time. Oil was
added to the fire by the contemporary Pielgrzym Polski, inspired by Fathcr
Gutowski, and edited by the famous Mr. Derdowski, who, however, moved
from Detroit to Winona in January, ]886.
Father Kolasinski continued to live at the rectory, but he was degraded,
having lost his position, and the newly appointed priests lived at the
monastery. All spiritual services, such as christenings, weddings, confessions,
and funerals were celebrated in the monastery chapel. For the most part, the
people sided with Father Kolasillski, and they made efforts with the Bishop
to have him reinstated. However, all the efforts came to nothing.
However, the breakthrough actually took place 011 Christmas Day of 1885.
On this festive holiday, a group of two thousand Poles dressed for the holi
days, went to the Bishop's residence to ask for a hearing. As virtually every
26
27
one witnessing these disturbances that is still alive, that was the moment
when Bishop Borghess, now deceased, could have easily prevented the entire
storm. The Poles rose early, they heard the ringing bells in all the Catholic
churches in honor of the Birth of Jesus Christ, they looked at their own
church, whose doors were closed and whose bells were silent-and they were
overtaken by a great sorrow, and one thought went through the minds of the
gathered crowd, which was, to go to the Bishop and ask him to open this
temple they had erected at the cost of their work and sweat. Unfortunately,
Bishop Borghess did not understand this feeling that enlivened the crowd,
and instead of coming out and discussing the matter with them, he left for St.
Joseph Church on the sly. This was a mistake , for which Bishop Borghess,
God rest his soul, met with general condemnation. The most distinguished
Catholics of the city of Detroit did not hesitate to express their condemna
tion in the English newspapers. From that time, ties between the bishop and
the supporters of Father Ko!asinski were broken.
The bishop next announced that his decision regarding Father KOf3sinski
was unshakable, that he did not intend to see any delegations, and that he de
manded total compliance of both the priests and the parishioners. On his
part, Father Kolasinski declared that he would not leave the rectory but
would defend himself; he stated that he had turned to Rome with this matter,
and until he received a reply from there, he would not listen to the bishop.
Then scenes took place that did not give the Poles in Detroit a good opinion.
Virtually every day, gatherings took place on St. Aubin and Hastings Streets,
daily altercations with the police, in which both one and the other side had
wounded, and finally one person was even shot.
Father Kolasinski, remaining at the rectory, was generally considered the
cause of the unrest, and he was finally ordered by the city authorities to leave
the rectory. At that time, there were already 22,000 Poles in Detroit, of which
2,000 lived on the western side in the parish of St. Casimir (Father
Gutowski); the remainder belonged to the parish of St. Wojciech, whose
huge church with 2,500 seats could no longer fit everyone. Already then,
there was talk of a new church that was to be built on Hastings Street. In ad
dition, many Poles attended the Czech church, whose pastor was Father Ko
erner. Our immigration was comprised of nine tenths of arrivals from the
Duchy of PoznaJ1 and Western Prussia, and only a small part was from Gali
cia and the Kindgon of Poland. Leaving Detroit, Father Kolasinski received
the necessary papers from Bishop Borghess to be the Polish pastor in Minto
(Warszawa), North Dakota where-as the chronicles state-"on Holy Satur
day, 1886, he was received with great enthusiasm."
Meanwhile, his supporters remained in Detroit. A certain Antoni Dlugi, a
Jesuit ex-brother from Galicia, assembled them for a long time at 907 Ri-
opelle Street for common prayers, at which he presided dressed in a stole and
even preached sermons at times. During this time, Father D~browski went to
Krak6w and brought back two young priests, who were to have been profes
sors at the seminary. One of them was Father Baranski, pastor in Brooklyn,
who passed away a few years ago, and the other was Father Wincenty
Bronikowski. Father Bronikowski, nominated as pastor by Bishop Borghess,
came from an old noble family, whose grandfather had lost a substantial for
tune, and whose father (a famous translator of Greek and Latin poets) had
been a professor at the Ostrow high school in the Duchy of Poznan. He did
not, However, remain long in the position of professor at the seminary. Hav
ing received the nomination for pastor at St. Wojciech, with his demea'nor
and his sermons, which he delivered with an excited, trembling and moving
voice, he gained the love of almost all his parishioners in a short time. The
parishioners, to this day, praise his administering since he did not build any
thing, but paid off the debts, He went through much unpleasantness; anony
mous letters and threats constantly embittered his life; but for a respite, he
would travel to Europe each year. During his stay at the parish of St. Woj
ciech, Father Borghess resigned from the office of Bishop, and the Holy Fa
ther appointed Father John Foley to replace him, who took over the office of
Bishop of the diocese of Detroit at the beginning of 1889.
The first change that newly elected Bishop Foley instituted among the
Poles was to remove Father Bronikowski from the parish, and send him to
Hilliards, Mich. The Bishop stated the reason for this that Father Broni
kowski went to Europe too often. The sorrow of virtually the entire parish
was great and genuine when their beloved pastor was leaving Detroit. Father
Bronikowski's assistants had first been Father Frauenhofer, a Swiss, next, Fa
ther Henryk Cichocki and Father Antoni Leks, later the pastor at St.
Josephat.
In March, 1889, Father Kaz. Rochowski came here from Adrian, Michigan;
he was 50 years old, and was famous as a good priest and a good administra
tor. The members of the parish had no objection toward him except that he
was replacing their beloved Father Bronikowski and that he had worked for
so long among the Germans. Father Rochowski initially began construction
on the new Polish church on Canfield Street between Hastings and Antoine
Streets, which he completed within one year. It is now the church of SI.
Josephate, and his assistant, Father Antoni Leks became its pastor. Next, he
began construction of a brick rectory, which was completed at a cost of]8
thousand dollars. After Father Leks left for his own parish, Father Kazimierz
Waiajtys, the pastor in Parisville, Mich. today, became the assistant at the
parish of St. Wojciech. The pastor, incited by secret enemies of the seminary,
who at that time were determined to bring him to ruin, and were already
28
29
close to their goal, tormented the vicar so liked by everyone, and a crisis oc
curred, due to which Father Walajtys went to Hilliards, and Father Ro
chowski to Port Huron. Today, no one holds it against Fathers Rochowski
and Walajtys that they had a bad attitude toward the seminary since it is
known that the latter had been incited.
Father Floryan Chodniewicz, a young priest ordained barely a year before,
took Father Rochowski's place. During his administration, the current
school was built at a cost of thirty thousand dollars. Father Chodniewicz re
mained at the parish of St. Wojciech for three years. His assistant was Father
Apolinary Tyszka, also very well liked in Detroit, and then the old Father
Orzechowski. When Father Chodniewicz resigned, the latter also resigned,
going on a long trip around the world. During Father Chodniewicz's admin
istration, a very important event occurred in our lives, that is, the acceptance
of Father Kolasinski and his entire parish back under the jurisdiction of
Rome and the bishop of Detroit, John Foley. Cardinal Satolli, the apostolic
delegate, brought this about in Rome and in America.
Father Franc. Iszek Mueller, who replaced Father Chodniewicz in June,
1894, was also a student at the Polish seminary, and for the first time, he insti
tuted harmony between the institutions and the rectory from the beginning.
Just like Father 13ronikowski, he also gained the opinion of a good admin
istrator in the parish. His assistant was Father Fr. Dobke, a newly ordained
(1895) priest from the Polish seminary, a true blue Detroit resident. His assis
tant for eight years was Father Franciszek Sajecki, born in Western Prussia,
who came to Milwaukee at a very early age, and who studied in Baltimore.
He passed away at age 32.
For the last few years, Father Mueller's assistants were Fathers Roman
Klaskowski and Boleslaw Stefanski.
The parish of St. Wojciech numbers over 2,000 families. Close to one and a
half thousand children attend the school, taught by 20 Felician Sisters.
On Jul y 13,1902, the parish ofSt. Wojciech celebrated the 30th anniversary
of its founding. That same day, the newly ordained Father Aleksander
Conus, designated for the diocese of Detroit, celebrated his first mass here.
At the same time, the following Poles were ordained along with Father
Conus at the Cathedral of Detroit: Fathers J6zef Lekston, Franciszek Pattok,
M.J. Orzechowski, and Konstanty Rutowski.
western side of the city, founded in the previous year, to him. In the begin
ning, he celebrated mass on 18th Street, until the old church and school were
not erected on 23rd Street off Myrtle. According to the words of the pastor
himself, the debt came to five thousand dollars, and 500 families immediately
joined the newly built church. They did not, however, live in a compact mass
like in the East, but dispersed over a vast region. PropitioUS times kept in
creasing the parish every year, and soon the old wooden church was not large
enough. Within a radius of several blocks, there are many brick-yards, and
many of our countrymen were employed there when the times were good.
These people got Bishop Foley to give permission to build a new church,
which was soon erected. But even for the divided parish, the old church was
too small, and construction was begun on a new one. Admittedly, the new
temple of St. Casimir is worthy of being located on a grander street, but the
pastor and the parishioners proved that they did not begrudge their pennies
for the praise of God. The honorable Father Gutowski is the oldest Polish
pastor in one and the same parish. His assistant was Father Zmijewski. Of the
assistants, who worked in his parish, Father Zar~czny, later the pastor in
Buffalo and in Beaver Dam, should be mentioned, as well as Fathers Kol
kiewicz and Rodowicz.
Father J6zef Herr was recently the assistant there; then from 1902, it was
the ordained Father Conus, and later, Father Rafal Chrz~szcz.
The parish of St. Casimir has over 1,000 families. More than 1,000 children
attend the school, taught by 14 Felician Sisters.
30
PARISH OF ST. CASIMIR IN DETROIT
Father Pawel Gutowski came to Detroit from Baltimore in 1883, and
Bishop Borghess immediately entrusted the emerging Polish parish on the
31
CHURCH OF THE HOLY HEART OF MARY IN DETROIT After Father Kolasinski's departure for Dakota (in the spring of 1886), the
church of St. Wojciech remained closed for a long time. We found the fol
lowing hopeless notation in the chronicles under the date of September,
1886: "This church will sooner get into foreign hands than it will be opened."
The disturbances had already subsided, but Father Kolasiilski's side kept
hoping that Propaganda would condemn Father D~browski's party and
would extol Father Kolasinski and return him to them.
We had already mentioned that Father Bronikowski, who had taken over
the parish of St. Wojciech after the disturbances, often went to Europe, and
due to this, had finally been removed by the bishop. And so, on June 24, 1888,
due to Father Bronikowski's intended departure for Europe, and due to a
change in bishops, Father Kolasinski's supporters telegraphed to Dakota,
where he was living in Minto at the Polish colony, summoning him . On July
n America to
19 0 8
JOSEPH
Ie city ofSt. Joseph, on the banks of
of Poles. In 1896, they formed the
e, the Jesuit Father Franciszek SzuPolish parish.
1902:
., being 80 years old, he is robust and
, him, but all those of other nationalities
A.nd so, we Poles are proud of our Hon
t and berries here. Everyone has twenty
busy, even small children. Children four
use they help in picking berries.
returned to the old country.
and the oldest and first Polish set-
I,
DY IN BRONSON
;h farming settlement), on the Indi
parishes, although mixed, since 1875
to/icka for 1875)·
certain Father Charles Horst. After
d here every month for five years.
.anent pastor for seven years, and in
lry. He was succeeded by Father Jan
rish of St. Wojciech in Detroit; he
ing to visit an ill person, he caught a
lith Father Schaepper as his assistant
md he had the interior of the church
Warsaw did this work. Next, Father
months, and on September 21, 1899,
this parish; he had been born in
~lmno, and his parents were in De
her's name had been Chewelkowski,
been changed to Hewelt. The young
from Prussia because he had been
ewelt purchased an entire block in
ncent two-story, 94 by 72 foot school
only a $900 debt remained. In addi-
43
tion, he purchased two side altars for $800, and pipe organs for $1,700. Two
more acres of land were purchased, on which spacious sheds were built for
the farmers coming to church. Two hundred Polish families and five Irish
ones belonged to the parish. About 200 children are taught in the school by
Dominican Sisters from Adrian, Michigan-two Polish, one Irish, and one
German. Recently three Felician Sisters took over the school, and Father W.
Maruzek the parish.
PARISH OF ST. STANISLAUS IN HILLIARDS
Far from Detroit, and only a couple of miles south of the second bishop's
capital of Grand Rapids lies-within the borders of the diocese of Detroit
Hilliards, where about 90 Polish families live. In the beginning, the Poles did
n't have their own church here; they had to attend the German church, but
they did have a Polish school with lay teachers. Father Ponganis from Grand
Rapids commuted here to hear confessions, and it was he who advised them
to build a Polish school. The school was built even though Bishop Borghess
was against it. In 1889, through the efforts of Father Ponganis, Felician Sisters
were brought in as teachers, and Father Ponganis commuted to them as their
chaplain for two years. Bishop Borghess did not want to give permission to
build a Polish church, stating with emphasis: "Sooner will hair grow on my
palm than will you have a Polish church in Hilliards."
Then, Bishop Borghess resigned from his position. And Father Ponganis
celebrated the first Holy Mass in the small church. And in 1891, the first per
manent pastor in Hilliards was Father Bronikowski. After him, the following
performed the priestly duties there: Father Leopold Moczyg~ba for a few
months, Father Wiktor Rodowicz for a year and a half; during his two year
administration, Father Walajtys built a brick church; next, Father Kolkiewicz
was the administrator, and after him again came Father Wiktor Rodowicz,
who, however, resigned in June 1902 from the position of pastor. The new
pastor, Father J. Lemka, pushed the parish onto a new track.
PARISH OF OUR LADY IN KINDE
Located in Huron county. The pastor was Father Jan Hewelt.
PARISH OF ST. JOSEPH IN ERIE
The pastor is Father Emil Wolfstyn; Polish farmers from neighboring re
gions attend his church, but our countrymen want thei~ own temple. For this
44
purpose, at the beginning of 1902, the Poles from Erie asked Father Gutowski
from Detroit to intercede with the bishop to give them permission to build a
Polish church. Land for the church was magnanimously offered by a certain
Frenchman from Erie.
THE POLISH CHURCH IN VICKSBURG
In this small town in Kalamazoo County, there exists a papermill, in which
mainly Poles work; wanting to keep them on their jobs, the company mainly
contributed to the construction of a temple for them. The consecration of
the new, Polish church took place here; Father J. Lempka from Hilliards,
Michigan, was in charge of its construction.
From the Diocese of Detroit, let us make a side trip to Canada, to the
Province of Ontario.
The Poles in Eastern Canada 6
North of Lakes Erie and Ontario, and east of Lake Huron, extends the vast
Canadian province of Ontario. Three Polish parishes deserve mention here:
Berlin, Wilno, and Barry's Bay.
CHAPEL OF ST. JOSEPH IN BERLIN
Berlin in Ontario is located about 150 miles northeast of Detroit, Michigan,
in Vlaterloo County. The Resurrectionist Fathers, mainly Germans, founded
their first mission in America here at the beginning of 1857. General Kaj
siewicz in his "Memoires about the Beginnings of the Resurrectionist Order"
(1867) wrote:
Father Charbonuel , the bishop from Toronto, Canada, almost with tears in his eyes
begged us to give him at least two mi ssionaries for the Germans, Czechs, and Poles set
tled in his diocese. He received Father Eugeniusz Funcken (a Westphalian by birth ), and
the mission in Canada was founded at the beginning of 1857.
We sent a few Silesians and foreigners , who would never speak Polish well, and
whom our more enlightened countrymen would only laugh at; we sent them, I said, to
Canada, mainly for the Irish and German population; meanwhile, our poor Polish peo
ple from the Poznan district, Western Prussia, and Upper Silesia, exiled from Poland by
hunger and working as hired help and as craftsmen, as soon as they learned there were
priests able to hear confessions in Polish, immediately made their way to the small town
of Berlin, about which I am writing here, and soon a tiny Polish parish was formed; the
poor Czechs also joined it (Father Kajsiewi cz's letters from 1871).
The Poles in Mi
In September, 1860, Father F
first Polish Resurrectionist on 1
after, the second one, Father Ed
in language, arrived. Father BI
Berlin. In 1865, the College of St
It is a beautiful and spacious i
splendid lawns. [n addition, the
parish here, "sufficiently suppc
for the bishop and the general
Resurrectionists, Father Walery
ing Berlin in 1890, wrote, in par
I mainly spend time in the German
for the Germans. There are, in fact ,
Jan Stefan, C.R., a German, has lear
He has organized a chapel for them
a painting of Our Lady of Cz~stoch(
wooden box in which the painting ·
thing that is Polish, he wished to s,
manner by building them an altar
Poles are all poor laborers living fl
very complimentary terms about tt
more accurate, and more thrifty. E,
grants of other nationalities easily r
to the other, bringing with them!
quickly as possible (List)', \II , page,
At the College, there was alsc
brated the anniversary of the
"However small the number I
keep to the traditions, and thi
pated are not unfamiliar to us. '
tor Theobald Spetz, C.R., and
him, there are 8 other Resurre
of Father Stanislaw Rogalski, v
a long time; there are also 8 t
dents attend the College. The
ists wrote in his "Letters" (pa!
in Berlin have a chapel. On S
people gathered. They pray,
and the Angelus in Polish. I ~
tend the German parish chur'
their homes."
rn the last few years, the pel
been Father Pawet Sobojak, C

FtRE DRILL SAVES· CHilDREN. I

Transcription

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