Windermere - MTSU Center for Historic Preservation

Windermere
Franklin,
Williamson County, Tennessee
Historic Structure Assessment, 2012
Windermere
Franklin,
Williamson County, Tennessee
Historic Structure Assessment
Prepared for:
J. Roderick Heller III and Kay Culbreath Heller
Prepared by the Tennessee Civil War National Heritage Area:
Ginna Foster Cannon, Graduate Research Assistant
Thomas Flagel, Graduate Research Assistant
Jessica Lauren White, Graduate Research Assistant
Dr. Carroll Van West, Director
Laura Holder, Federal Liaison
December 2012
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements
x
Windermere: Archival
Analysis and Historical
Context
1
Existing Conditions
Overview:
-House Exterior
Description
20
-House Interior
Description
36
Appendices
-Appendix A
65
-Appendix B
67
-Appendix C
83
-Appendix D
85
Endnotes and Bibliography
89
x
Acknowledgements
Windermere is a historic property on the edge of the Franklin Battlefield in Williamson County,
Tennessee. The property not only shares in the history of the events of November 30, 1864,
when soldiers of the Army of Tennessee crossed its land during their assault on Union lines,
but it also has an important post-war association. Here, in one of the house’s bedrooms,
Carrie Winder McGavock of adjacent Carnton Plantation who established the nearby
Confederate Cemetery, passed from this life in 1905.
Due to these important associations, and in search of the date of the house’s construction, the
Tennessee Civil War National Heritage Area, a partnership unit of the National Park Service
administered by the MTSU Center for Historic Preservation, accepted the request of the
owners for a comprehensive archival and architectural analysis of Windermere.
The Heritage Area gratefully acknowledges the diligent, insightful work of three MTSU public
history graduate students— Ginna Foster Cannon, Thomas Flagel, and Jessica White— who
undertook the study under my guidance.
Cannon, Flagel, and White, with the assistance of Dr. West, measured the interior and exterior
of the house and took ample photos. White put together Auto CAD drawings , Flagel
researched the history of the house including documented changes, and Cannon worked on
the house analysis. White and Cannon, with the guidance of Dr. West, evaluated the building
and developed the Historic Structure Assessment.
For the archival assessment, foremost credit goes to Rick Warwick, chief historian for the
Williamson County Heritage Foundation, in providing expert direction and critical materials.
Great thanks must also go to the patient and obliging staffs at the Williamson County Archives,
the Tennessee State Library and Archives, as well as the Battle of Franklin Trust and its staff
at the Fleming Center. We also thank J. Roderick Heller III and Kay Culbreath Heller for sharing the history of their property with our project team. Their gracious hospitality and assistance
set the right tone for the entire project.
Carroll Van West
Director
Tennessee Civil War National Heritage Area
1
Clouded Origins:
Viewed from later generations, there may have been reason to believe Windermere
existed for several years before it actually did. One tradition states that Windermere was a
wedding gift from Carnton Plantation’s owner John McGavock to his daughter Hattie (Harriet)
Young McGavock and her husband George Limerick Cowan. Origins of this story are yet
unknown, but it could be interpreted to suggest that Windermere stood as an established entity
at the time of Hattie and George’s wedding on January 3, 1884.1
In reality, the wedding itself took place at Carnton, and it resulted in no change of
residence for the groom. Cowan continued to live in Nashville, where he operated a wholesale
business with his two brothers. The bride’s father would indeed issue a gift of property to his
sole living daughter, but not until late the following year; on October 17th, 1885, John
McGavock deeded 200 acres from his Carnton land, giving 100 acres each to daughter Hattie
and son Winder. Nothing in Hattie’s deed indicated structures nor buildings already existed on
the property, yet her section involved the land upon which Windermere would eventually be
built (For full transcriptions of these deeds, see Appendix A). 2
Williamson County Heritage Foundation. George Cowan and Hattie
McGavock Cowan were about 45 and 32 years of age respectively at
3
the time of Windermere’s construction.
In 1886, as Williamson County tax records confirmed the 100 acres had passed to
George and Hattie Cowan (George appearing in that county’s records for the first time). Those
same records showed that George was not yet paying a poll tax, indicating he had not yet
become a resident of Williamson County. The Nashville City Directory verified this fact, as
George was still listed as working and residing in downtown Nashville (For Williamson County
Tax Records from 1884 to 1926, see Appendix B). The 1886 Williamson County Tax Records
also show that Cowan’s “Value of Acres” for the 100-acre parcel and the “Total Real Property”
are both listed at $5,000, suggesting that no improvements had been made on the land. 4
That same year, on September 18, John McGavock issued his last will and testament.
The document confirmed McGavock’s previous 100-acre deeds to daughter Hattie and son
Winder. Yet notably, John added, “…all my improvements including my residence shall be in
2
my said son’s part of said land,” indicating that no improvements had been made on Hattie’s
parcel (For transcription of McGavock’s will, see Appendix C).5
Construction in 1887:
On July 6th, 1887, in exchange for $3,000 cash, John McGavock deeded an additional
47 acres to the Cowans, a parcel attached to the 100 acres already given to Hattie. Once
again, the deed mentioned no structures (see Appendix A). This year, George unquestionably
made Franklin his home. The 1887 Nashville Directory listed Cowan as living in a house in
Franklin. In addition, the 1887 Williamson County Tax Records show him paying a poll tax for
the first time, confirming his new residency, and evidence indicates it was the newly
constructed Windermere. 6
Under the year’s tax records, Cowan’s land holdings were still listed at 100 acres, and
the “Value of Acres” and “Total Real Property” were both listed as $5,000. Thus, Cowan may
not have considered the home finished, yet it was definitely underway. The 1905 volume of
Notable Men of Tennessee: Personal and Genealogical Portraits said of Cowan, “After his
marriage, he erected a neat cottage on their place, a part of the McGavock farm, and this has
since been their home.” The entry added, “The family home is one mile south of Franklin and is
a very pretty and attractive place.” Furthermore, the 1888 Williamson County Tax Records
have Cowan owning 125 acres of land (though not the 147 acres that the deed records would
indicate). Notably, Cowan reports his “Personal Property minus $1,000” to be $200, suggesting
that he likely made improvements the previous year. His 1889 – 1892 tax records show no
such difference.7
3
Williamson County Heritage Foundation. The far left figure, the child by the dog, and the child
slightly behind the right-rear wagon wheel, might be three of the Cowan children, from left to
right - Carrie Winder Cowan (b. Oct 12, 1884), Samuel Kincaid Cowan (b. Dec. 20, 1890), and John
Cowan (b. July 11, 1886). If that is the case, this image would be circa 1894. Under highest
resolution (1914X1320), the home appears to be in near pristine condition, further indicating that the
8
house was relatively new in the early 1890s.
Absence of Lineage up to 1887:
As stated previously, there is no conclusive evidence that any finished structure existed
at the present site of Windermere before 1887. To start, no available antebellum, Civil War, or
postwar map indicates otherwise. Arguably the most detailed Civil War-era diagram of the
area, Confederate Engineer Major Wilbur F. Foster’s map of the 1864 Battle of Franklin and
the Federal map of field works at the battle (see maps and insets below), show the McGavock
home of Carnton, the nearby toll house and saw mill along Lewisburg Pike and other
surrounding homes. However, there is no structure shown at the current site of Windermere.9
4
See endnote 9.
See endnote 9.
5
See endnote 9.
See endnote 9.
6
In addition, inspection of the home’s oldest floorboards from above and in the crawl
spaces below reveals no bloodstains. Such staining, especially near windows (amputation
locales) and along walls (where the wounded often sat) are common features among the
forty-plus homes and churches in Franklin that were used as post-battle field hospitals.
Concerning the November 30, 1864 Battle of Franklin, no known battle account from
soldiers or civilians indicates the presence of Windermere. It is reasonable to consider that
such a building would have been notable, as it stands on a prominent hill, it would have been
several hundred meters closer to the Union defensive lines than Carnton, and would have
stood directly in the path of the Confederate assault on the eastern flank (see image below).
2012 Google Earth image of Windermere and Carnton, with proximity and distances in meters to
the Union front lines of the November 30, 1864 Battle of Franklin.
Furthermore, no known wartime accounts exist involving a building specifically on the
present location. Many area families and occupation soldiers left records of foraging parties,
deforestation operations (especially during the spring 1863 construction of Fort Granger), local
skirmishes, scouting operations, and military exercises. Several of these accounts refer to
buildings and structures within 1,500 meters of the present site of Windermere, but
Windermere itself is ever mentioned, nor any other structure on the hill. In 1866, the
McGavocks signed five contracts with freedmen, and two of the contracts mentioned housing,
but neither suggested residing in a place as far from Carnton as Windermere would have
been.10 Also, U.S. Census reports of 1860, 1870, and 1880 have the four members of the
McGavock family (parents John and Carrie, children Hattie and Winder) all living at the
Carnton residence (see Appendix D).11 Finally, no Williamson County records up to 1887
indicate a structure on the present site.12
Popular is the notion that “Windermere” means “Mother Winder” and refers to Martha
Grundy Winder, Carrie McGavock’s mother. In reality, “mere” is Old English for lake (and there
is indeed a lake known as Windermere in Cumbria, England). The 1860 U.S. Census does
indicate that Martha and several of her children temporarily lived in the same district as the
7
McGavocks at Carnton, but there is no archival or architectural indication that the present
home existed before 1877. Further, documented use of “Windermere” to describe the dwelling
does not appear until the twentieth century, soon after Carrie’s death in 1905.13
Popular is the notion that “Windermere” means “Mother Winder” supposedly a
connection to Martha Grundy Winder, Carrie McGavock’s mother. The 1860 U.S. Census
does indicate that Martha and several of her children temporarily lived in Williamson County
Census District 1, the same census district as the McGavocks at Carnton. However, that
particular ward– equivalent to District 9 in the county tax records– was considerable in size,
containing Franklin proper and much of its surrounding countryside. White it has not yet been
determined precisely where in the district Martha resided, there is no evidentiary indication that
she lived at the present location of Windermere, nor is there yet any indication that any
dwelling stood on the hill before 1887.14
Concerning the homestead’s name, “mere” does mean mother, although in French.
Yet “mere” is also Old English and Scottish Gaelic for lake or loch. Indeed, there is a lake
called Windermere in Cumbria, England. Notably, the McGavocks came to the Americas by
way of Scotland and Ireland, and the homestead name of Carnton is likely of Gaelic derivation
(meaning pile of stones). Regardless of its linguistic origin, documented use of “Windermere”
to describe the dwelling does not appear until the twentieth century, soon after Carrie Winder
McGavock’s death in the home in 1905. The timing and location would suggest that the term
is in homage to Carrie rather than Martha.15
1887-1914: Residency of George L. Cowan/Hattie McGavock Cowan
The Building, and Centrality in Civil War Commemoration
After construction of the home in 1887, the Cowans, and the home as well, emerged as
central figures in Civil War commemoration in and around Franklin, reflecting a nationwide
surge in memorialization in the last decade of the century.
In 1890, Chattanooga and Chickamauga became the first national battlefield parks in
the country, followed soon after by Shiloh in 1894, Gettysburg in 1895, and Vicksburg in 1899.
Notably, Williamson County had strong connections to these locations, losing many residents
in four of the five engagements (the costliest for the county being Shiloh, where the battle
resulted in an estimated 24 Franklin area recruits killed, 57 wounded, and 6 captured).16
Veterans’ reunions also surged. In the 1870s, there were ten Union, one collective, and
no exclusively Confederate state or national gatherings in the country. In the 1880s, there were
at least fifteen altogether. In the 1890s, the total jumped to more than fifty major reunions,
scores of smaller gatherings, with over half of these in the South (including several in Franklin).
So too, anniversaries, descendant groups, and monuments became common forms of
communal memorialization, after decades of general desire to leave the war in the past.17
To be certain, the war was unkind to Williamson County, and the community’s erratic
evolution into a modest memorial site was consistent with other regions that experienced
heavy combat. Over half the county’s adult male population served in the war, and hundreds
did not return. Between 1862 and 1865, Franklin itself changed hands at least eighteen times.
The immediate area endured over 150 engagements large and small.18
Famously, Hattie McGavock witnessed the collateral damage firsthand, including the
aftermath of the Battle of Franklin, where she tended to scores of wounded in her own home.
At the time, she was just nine years old. Her future husband, eighteen at the start of the war,
served as an officer in Nathan Bedford Forrest’s cavalry escort, involved and wounded at Fort
Pillow, and a participant in John Bell Hood’s Nashville Campaign. As a result, the Cowans’s
rise to commemorative leadership was not preordained, yet their respective experiences and
connections provided considerable gravitas when their efforts began.19
8
One of the first and largest southern reunions to transpire took place in the shadow of
the Cowan’s new Franklin home. In September 1887, approximately one thousand people,
former Confederate servicemen and civilians alike, collected at John McGavock’s Grove
alongside the cemetery. Though the Cowans evidently did not play a major part in the event,
they began to assume the vanguard in the ensuing years.20
In March 1890, the John McEwen Bivouac, local chapter of the United Confederate
Veterans, established a task force to replace the aging cedar grave markers in the McGavock
Confederate cemetery, where nearly 1,500 dead from the Battle of Franklin were interred.
Heading the delegation was George Cowan. In the following years, they succeeded in
collecting funds from state legislatures, veterans groups, and private donations to replace the
weathered headboards with rows of stone. The granite cubes and tablets remain to the present
day.21
Both images are from Williamson County Heritage Foundation. The left is circa 1866 with cedar
headboards in place. The right is circa 1890s, with new marble grave markers in place, funded
largely by the efforts of George Cowan and the local UCV. Just beyond the trees stands
22
Windermere.
8
Williamson Count Heritage Foundation. Circa 1899 image of McGavock Cemetery taken
23
from Windermere.
On September 17, 1891, Windermere became the site of a reunion between members
of Nathan Bedford Forrest’s wartime escort. The following day, the Nashville Daily American
recalled of the event:
…several hundred of the old soldiers of that and other commands attended. The
place selected was the lovely grove near the residence of Capt. Geo. L. Cowan,
the beloved commander of the old escort, and he and his charming wife did the
honors of the day in unsurpassed style. Many of the members and their friends
came on the evening trains yesterday and encamped in tents that had been
provided for them on the grounds, and where roaring campfires had been built…
Senator Bate came out this morning, and after the dinner was over entertained
the large crowd present with an eloquent and patriotic address.
9
The Daily American also observed that the vast majority of the escort’s original
members had passed away, including Forrest, but fifteen of the survivors were in attendance
at Windermere.24
The following September, a much larger contingency arrived at McGavock’s Grove, in
sight of Windermere, numbering some 10,000 veterans and civilians. Amid parades, bunting,
speeches, picnics, dinners, and free board to former soldiers, the ambience began to adopt a
much stronger “Lost Cause” tone than years previous. To what extent the Cowans held this
view at the time is
unknown, but by
1894, Nashville
hosted the formation
of the United
Daughters of the
Confederacy, and in
one year’s time,
Hattie was going
door to door in
Franklin recruiting
women for a new
chapter. Succeeding
in gathering sixteen
members, she
became their first
chapter president.
In short order, they
were working to
raise funds for a
Confederate
Williamson County Heritage Foundation. Franklin UDC Chapter.
26
Monument to be built
Hattie McGavock Cowan stands in the back row, second from the right.
25
in or near the town.
For Windermere itself, it is not clear if the Cowans made any immediate improvements
to the property. Tax records indicate spikes in personal property holdings ($1,460 in 1893 and
$1,210 in 1894). However, this may be from and revenues attained from the executed will of
Hattie’s father John McGavock, who died on June 7, 1893 (For John McGavock’s will and final
deed, see Appendix C). Clearly however, the family came into land. The 1894 tax records
show their holdings nearly doubling, from 125 to 247 acres.27
In 1896, the Tax Records show a difference between “Value of acres” and “Total Real
Property” of $620. Tennessee tax law defined real property as all land, buildings, and
improvements. Thus the Cowans may have made some substantive improvements in 1896 or
the preceding year. Whether that involved a barn or an addition to the house is not known. The
two oldest available photographs of Windermere, judging by the age of the children present in
each image, suggests that the photos straddle 1896, yet there is no clear indication of major
changes to the home (see below image).28
10
Williamson County Heritage Foundation. Possibly all five Cowan children are present in this photo.
The youngest of them was Winder McGavock Cowan, born August 18, 1892. He may be behind the
29
railing or on the pony to the right. If so, the image is circa 1896-1897.
In the summer of 1897, the Cowans hosted a smaller delegation of former
Confederates and their families for a tour of the town’s increasingly iconic sites. On June 25th,
George led a party of eighty or so to the Carter House grounds and cotton gin site, the
Confederate Cemetery, and then to Carnton, where the gathering met the aging Carrie
McGavock. The encounter was evidently moving enough for one Missouri woman to declare,
“We will teach our daughters of the Confederacy in our distant State to weave your name in
garlands of love and friendship…” Afterwards, the group traversed over to Windermere, as one
of the part recalled:
In a short time all were invited under a grand oak, and served by fair hands with
a sandwich and a glass of iced buttermilk…A few hours were most delightfully
spent in reminiscence and topics of the day. Cream and cake was served on the
rear gallery, in sight of those old fashioned followers, hollyhocks.30
By 1899, on the 35th anniversary of the Battle of Franklin, the Hattie Cowan-led local
UDC reached its goal of funding and erecting a prominent Confederate monument. While
previous commemorative events generally promoted themes of reconciliation, this possessed a
different tone. Placed on the town square, the statue-topped pillar, its inscription, and the day’s
festivities fully embraced a “Lost Cause/New South” ideal, depicting both the moment and an
altered memory as victorious movements against accelerating modernity. Although the town
itself contained Unionists, secessionists, and centrists during the war, a pro-Confederate
narrative fully established itself by the eve of the new century. Indicative of Hattie’s prominent
11
role in creating the shrine, one of the two young girls selected to unveil the monolith was her
young daughter Leah.31
Williamson County Heritage Foundation. See enlarged image below.
Williamson County Heritage Foundation. The Franklin UDC Chapter at the base of the Confederate
Monument, the summer following its dedication. Circled are Hattie McGavock Cowan and her daughter
32
Leah.
12
By the start of the twentieth century, the Windermere-based Cowans had emerged as
regional leaders in veterans and commemorative affairs. Hattie remained involved with the
UDC (as well as the Daughters of the American Revolution). George continued his work with
the UCV, his chairmanship of the McGavock Cemetery Company, and his position on the
board of trustees for the Confederate Soldiers Home in Nashville (as well as becoming a
prominent member of the Masons, and continuing to serve as an elder in the First Presbyterian
Church in Franklin). Windermere may have grown at this time as well. Cowan’s taxes in 1903
show a spike of $1,130 in personal property, but it is unknown whether it involved
improvements.33
What is certain is that two years later, Hattie became the matriarch of the McGavock
name. On February 22, 1905, Carrie McGavock passed away at Windermere. It is not yet
known when or if Carrie transferred to Windermere for any extended period of time before her
passing. In the 1900 Census, she was still listed as residing at Carnton, with a white servant
named Walter Miller (age 13), along with boarders Annie Allen (45) and Inez Allen (19). It is
entirely possible that the elder McGavock simply moved into the Cowan home in her final
weeks or days, as her health began to fail.
In spite of their loss, the Cowans remained active in local and regional homage. Hattie’s
UDC Chapter would grow to 82 members by the end of the decade, donating funds for the
Jefferson Davis Monument in Richmond, Virginia, the Sam Davis monument in Nashville,
Confederate monuments at Shiloh and Arlington, and providing support for the Confederate
Soldier’s Home in Nashville as well as the Confederate Museum in Richmond. They also
attempted to convince Congress to designate Franklin as a national battlefield park under the
War Department, to no avail. In 1910, Franklin played host to a statewide gathering of
Confederate veterans. George served as the chief marshal and Hattie headed the dinner
committee. In spite of their energies, the Cowans may have started to view Windermere as
something beyond their wants and needs.34
13
The preceding year, George issued a rather
frank notice in the Franklin Review Appeal, alerting
that he had tired of farming life, and he was ready to
rent out Windermere. His evident frustration is
History’s gain, as his offer to sell off possessions
provides us valuable insights to the livestock and
implements he had on his land.
In the notice he listed mares, colts, two
yearlings, five mules, heifers, hogs, harnesses,
wagons, buggies, and farm implements of several
types. “The sale will be at Windermere, my farm one
mile south of Franklin on the Lewisburg Pike,” he
proclaimed. For large purchases, he was willing to
take promissory notes due in a year’s time.
The advertisement also provides us a clear
reminder that the home and land we in the
twenty-first century regard as a refined retreat was a
large, rustic, working farm in the nineteenth and early
twentieth. In 1910, he Cowans apparently did not yet
own a phone, as Windermere and much of
Williamson were decidedly rural, a region in which
seven out of eight county residents lived outside of
city boundaries. Today in 2012, the ratio is nearly
reversed. Well into the 1950s, the Windermere
property was listed as “Outside” Franklin in the Ninth
District Tax Records. In 2010 it stood well within the
city limits.35
Age may have been a factor in prompting the
Cowans to move into Franklin proper. The 1910 U.S.
Census shows George and Hattie at 67 and 54 years
of age respectively. Their son John (23) was already
out of the house. Eldest Carrie was 25, Leah had
reached 21, and sons Samuel and Winder were 19
and 17. Despite his wishes, it still appears that
George and his family were still residing at
Windermere.36
In 1913, there may have been additional
motivation to sell, and it appears that the Cowans
had already moved to a home in Bridge Street. In the
Circuit Civil Court of Williamson County, the family
were subject to Middle Tennessee Traction Co. v
George L. Cowan et ux. The company, seeking to
build an inter-urban rail line from Franklin to Lewisburg, successfully attained a right-of- way to build a
line and depot along the northeast (Lewisburg Pike)
portion of the Cowan property. Since Windermere
was already bordered on the west by the Nashville
and Decatur Rail Road, the threat of this
envelopment might have pushed the Cowans to seek
14
ownership of less problematic property in town (and yet, despite many ownership of less
problematic property in town (and yet, despite many years of anticipated construction, the
proposed rail line never came to be). 37
Regardless of the motive, the Cowan’s sold their home to real estate speculator Walter
A. Roberts in September 1914. An active speculator, Roberts owned more than a dozen
homes and lots in Franklin. He acquired Windermere in exchange for two homes and lots on
Main Street, the assumption of a $2,000 mortgage to Prudential Insurance Company of
Newark, New Jersey, plus a $4,000 loan payment and cash to the Northwestern Mutual Life
Insurance Company of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. On or before that time, the Cowans moved to
Bridge Street in Franklin (George would pass away five years later, and Hattie would die in
1932).38
1914-1915: Walter A. Roberts
Changing Hands
It does not initially appear that Roberts made any substantial improvements to the
Windermere Property. The following year, he sold the property to Claiborne Kinnard, from the
Kinnard family along Carter’s Creek Pike.39
1915-1948: Claiborne H. Kinnard III and Porter Kinnard
Enterprise and Exclusion
In 1915, C.H. Kinnard, with wife Porter and son Claiborne IV, took ownership of
Windermere. The following year, their second and last child Amis was born. Even before his
most recent acquisition, Kinnard evidently possessed a degree of personal wealth. Reportedly,
he was one of the first Williamson County residents to own an automobile, a single-cylinder
Cadillac he first sported around town in 1906. Ten years later, in addition to the 217 acres and
home on Windermere, he was able to report relatively large amounts of total personal property
in his ensuing tax records ($3,000 in 1916; $2,000 in 1917; $2,660 in 1918; and $5,000 in
1919).40
However, for reasons yet determined, Kinnard did not list his total acres, or their worth,
in the 1920, 1921, and 1922 tax records, claiming instead the total value of the property
altogether at $10,000. Remarkably, in 1923 Kinnard’s total for all personal and real property
fell to $1,600, and yet the following year’s tally showed his total holdings had climbed to an
unprecedented $31,000. By 1926, two years later, his total worth fell back to $10,000 and
remained there for several more years (see Appendix B). These large fluctuations may have
been the result of a major investment on the part of Kinnard, as 1924 was when he officially
opened a massive municipal swimming pool on the property of Windermere. Paradoxically,
their homestead would embody a move forward and a move backwards for civil justice. Just a
few years before, Mrs. Porter Kinnard became fully eligible to vote for the first time, paying the
state-required poll tax and gaining suffrage through the 19th Amendment. And yet, the vacation
spot they created on their land soon after was fully segregated. They called it Willow Plunge.41
Filled by the natural springs near Lewisburg Pike on the eastern edge of Kinnard’s property,
concrete-lined, seventy-five feet wide and twice as long, holding 750,000 gallons and serviced
by more than 1,000 feet of pipe, it offered as a serene mecca for the region’s growing middle
and lower-middle class. In a larger context, the timing was as natural as the fresh groundwater
that fed it. 42
In 1912, there were fewer than 250 public and private outdoor swimming pools in the
entire United States. By the end of the 1920s, there were thousands. Massive federal spending
and job creation during the First World War fueled a postwar prosperity. A cultural shift towards
15
youth, health, and recreation manifested itself in a national boom of parks, youth camps,
automobile travel, sports and recreation facilities.43
The surge of public pools in the 1920s, notes historian Jeff Wiltse, started first in
northern metropolises, especially Chicago and Philadelphia, and promulgated west and south.
Hundreds of small towns followed suit, including otherwise quiet burgs such as: Sheldon, Iowa;
Havre, Montana; Clairton, Pennsylvania; and in 1924, Franklin, Tennessee.44
Over the course of the decade, Wiltse observes, Atlanta, Dallas, New Orleans, and
other southern cities constructed a multitude of swimming outlets. And with the setting of new
concrete basins came the solidification of old public practices, primarily the act of segregation.
For example, Fort Worth, Texas had no public pools in 1920, but by 1927 the city boasted four
– three for whites and one for African Americans. In middle Tennessee, Nashville had but one
indoor facility in 1925. By the end of the decade, it had built nine new outdoor complexes, all of
which were mono-racial. Willow Plunge would be no different.45
Williamson County Heritage Foundation. Willow Plunge miniature golf course with the
46
large pool in the background.
The enterprise started slowly. Drought and problems with algae made the first years of
operation problematic. But by 1931, a chloride and ammonia purification system rectified the
issue. To supplement his income, Kinnard also built a miniature golf course, a nine-hole
full-size course, and a tennis court. In time, the complex sported a pavilion, bath houses,
concession stand, and coffee shop. Despite the onset of the Great Depression, it was not
uncommon for Kinnard to see 50,000 visitors each summer.47
It is probable that Kinnard’s development of this facility coincided with modernization of
his own home in the 1920s or early 1930s (strengthening Jessica Lauren White’s hypothesis
that rooms were added and the roof extended on Windermere during that decade). There may
16
have been incentive to add rooms, as the 1930 U.S. Census showed a farm laborer, one
George Kincaid, age 68, living with the family at the house.
Though electricity was likely available to the recreational facility in its first years of
operation, it was certainly attainable for Windermere soon after 1930. Ironically, the cause
involved a court case against Kinnard. Bringing suit for a right of way, the Tennessee Electric
Power Company settled with Kinnard out of court to install power lines and towers along the
western edge of his property, parallel to the Nashville and Decatur Railroad line. However,
despite the march of progress, Windermere might have been without phone service up to 1934
and beyond, as Kinnard was not listed in the Franklin City Directory that year (though his
mother on Carter Creek Pike had service since 1910).48
Williamson County Heritage Foundation. A later image of Willow Plunge, a primary summer getaway for
49
white youth and families of Williamson County from 1924 to 1966.
With the outbreak of World War II, Willow Plunge continued operation. Jimmy Gentry, a
Franklin resident and serviceman, recalled troops being bussed in to the facility from Fort
Campbell and Fort Stewart Air Force Base for rest and recreation. Gentry also remembered
airmen landing small planes on the golf course, including Claiborne Kinnard, Jr., who had been
in the Army Air Force since 1938.50
A graduate of Battle Ground Academy and Vanderbilt, Claiborne, Jr. excelled in the
steep learning curve of dog fighting in the skies over Europe. He would eventually rise to the
rank of colonel, earn a Distinguished Service Cross, a Silver Star, and several Distinguished
Flying Crosses, in service of the Eighth Air Force. A P-51 pilot, he was credited with downing
eight aircraft during the course of the war.51
Upon returning stateside after the conflict, Junior’s time with his father would be short.
In 1946, the elder Kinnard sold Windermere and its properties to his son for $1.00. Then on
August 3, 1848, C.H. Kinnard, Sr. passed away at Windermere at the age of 63.52
17
Source, Williamson County Heritage Foundation, image available at: http://www.flickr.com/
photos/heritagefoundationfranklin/4812806382/
1948-1966: Claiborne H. Kinnard IV and Ruth McDowell Kinnard
Modernization and the Brick Façade
Arguably the most extensive alterations to the dwelling itself occurred with its third set
of owners. During their tenure, Ruth and Claiborne IV had the guest cottage built, possibly
from portions of the original home, naming the quaint outbuilding Steeple Morden. They also
turned one of the bedrooms of the main house into a library, and added modern amenities
throughout. Foremost, they bricked the entire exterior, covering the clapboard siding that had
sheathed the home since its construction in 1887. Emblematic of their comprehensive
remodeling, the Kinnards changed the name of the property to “Martlesham Heath,” after the
British airbase where Claiborne IV served in World War II .53
There is still a question as to precisely when each of these changes occurred. In 1948,
the Kinnards claimed an additional $4,100 in real property on their taxes, but that was the year
in which Claiborne III had died. Such major construction may have been unlikely with an ailing
father in residence. The next major leap in property values appeared in 1961, when the
estate’s assessed worth soared to $40,000, up from $24,000 the previous year. Indeed, the
home and land had been valued at $24,000 every year since the Great Depression. And yet,
competing evidence suggests the brickwork and other alterations were done several years
before 1961.54
Regardless, by the mid-1960s, Claiborne had become rather wealthy, primarily through
his management and innovations in pre-stressed concrete manufactures, and part of his
operation took place on a parcel of land adjacent to Windermere. His successes enabled him
to join his business with a larger consortium in Nashville, where he became a company
executive.55
18
Then Windermere experienced a watershed year. On September 18, 1966, Claiborne
died at the home after a prolonged illness. He was only 53. That autumn would also be the last
for Willow Plunge. The demise of its owner was a brain aneurism. The pool may have ceased
because of antiquation, or the multiplication of private pools across the region, or the widow
Ruth Kinnard deciding against keeping it in operation. An additional, societal struggle may
have been the issue. It is possible that public support for Willow Plunge was at a crossroads,
because the state was experiencing major shifts toward integration, and segments of the
population were not yet open to the idea of a shared public pool.56
1966-1983: Ruth McDowell Kinnard
Alternating Definitions of Progress
As the structures of Willow Plunge were gradually dismantled, the widow Kinnard became
emblematic of a movement long in construction. As one of millions of women rising into the
professional ranks of a democratizing economy, Kinnard committed herself to the study of law,
and by 1970, at the age of 51, she attained her doctorate in jurisprudence.
In 1972, Kinnard became one of the first women in
Tennessee to be appointed a judgeship in a federal district
court, and served as a Bankruptcy judge up to 1978. By
1981 she was in private practice, and became the state’s
Director of the Lawyers Association of Women. She also
served for a time as the president of the Williamson
County Heritage Foundation.58
It was at this time that Kinnard evidently felt
compelled to sell off portions of Windermere land for
development. In 1977, the only road on the property was
“Confederate Cemetery Drive, an out-and-back ribbon to
the historical venues of Windermere, the McGavock
Cemetery, and Carnton. With the assistant of family friend
Davis Carr, Judge Kinnard began to shed scores of acres
from her estate. By 1983, the immediate vicinity had
sprouted new streets, including Kinnard Drive, a nod to the
long lineage of ownership coming to an end. In addition,
the politically-charged Confederate Cemetery Drive was
rechristened a more nouveau “Carnton Lane,” and the
southeast area of the property sported a new country club.
After the death of husband
Last
but not least, the entire area, now a bone fide
Claiborne Kinnard IV in 1966,
subdivision,
became known on maps and roads signs as
Ruth M. Kinnard became a
59
Heath
Place.
transformative figure in her own
In 1983 Kinnard sold Windermere, and its forty
right, rising through the ranks
as a prominent lawyer, yet
remaining acres, to the Davis Carr family. A 1991 review of
setting Windermere on the
the home in Nashville Business and Lifestyle synopsized
path to real estate
the new owners’ vision for the dwelling: “After acquiring the
57
development.
property, the Carrs began to redecorate. They decided not
to restore the house to museum quality, but to embellish it
with their own ideas and to update it wherever possible.”60
19
Windermere to 2012: J. Roderick Heller III and Kay Culbreath Heller
Historical Epilogue
For a time, it appeared as if Windermere would suffer the same fate as many historic
properties, disintegrating over time until restyled or removed altogether. Such a fate certainly
seemed to be the case to its predecessor Carnton nearby, which had degraded almost
irreparably by the 1970s. But as with both locations, key and critical stewards entered the fray,
and saved the irreplaceable.
In 1973, Carnton received a listing under the National Register of Historic Places. By the end
of the decade, a newly founded Carnton Association acquired the home and ten acres,
signaling a long and diligent crusade towards restoration, an endeavor that continues to this
day.61 So too, Windermere and its hallowed ground received a lifeline in the form of two
philanthropists, dedicated to the principle of responsible cultural stewardship. Echoing the
history of the Battle of Franklin nearly 140 years previous, Hellers reached Windermere by
way of a flanking operation. In 2005, the couple saved 112 acres of the Battle of Franklin’s
eastern flank (located just east and south of the home) from impending condominium
construction. With a considerable financial outlay, the Hellers funded the historic land’s
protection until a newly-formed Civil War land preservation group called Franklin’s Charge, and
the City of Franklin, could acquire the threatened site.62
Even more significant for this story, in 2007, Hellers purchased Windermere from the
Carrs, and decided to protect the dwelling for its inherent historical significance. In December
2011, the Hellers placed a conservation easement upon the home and its forty remaining
acres, permanently safeguarding the establishment from further development. In essence,
their efforts were born not only from a sense of public altruism, but also from a strong personal
connection – Mr. Heller is the great great grandson of Carrie McGavock.63
Ironically, the Old English names and colonial-style homes that appeared upon this
landscape in the latter half of the twentieth century were similar to the actions in the late
nineteenth. Although more benign than the Lost Cause rhetoric and monuments of the1890s,
the façades affixed by the 1980s had the same basic objectives, to paint a dreamscape of
moonlight, magnolias, and middle-gentry homes over a place that possessed an intensely
complicated past. Yet, even the revisions of nomenclature were themselves much like the soil
upon which Windermere was built, ground that thousands of young men marched across on
November 30,1864, and into a battle that resulted in thousands of casualties. The new and
seemingly more serene monikers of Heath Place, Martlesham Heath, and Steeple Morden,
were in fact also rooted in suffering and loss - all three were the names of military bases during
the largest and bloodiest war in human history.64
Thankfully, key local, state, and national organizations have stepped to the fore in the
twenty-first century, and committed a great deal of time and effort to preserve this unique
property, and to communicate its complex history objectively and professionally. In addition,
enough cannot be said for the exceptional help and dedication of the Hellers. This very study,
initiated at their request, is a reflection of that dedication. Symbolic of their desire to see the
land and home represented accurately and protected permanently, they have restored its
original name. Today the place is, once again, called Windermere.
20
Existing Conditions Overview
House Exterior Description
Windermere, constructed c. 1887, is situated on a forty-acre plot within the city limits of
Franklin, Williamson County, Tennessee. Built by George Limerick Cowan and Hattie Young
McGavock, the main dwelling sits at the top of a slight rise overlooking Carnton Lane to the
north. The property, which is covered with a grassy lawn, scrub brush and mature shade trees,
it is bordered on the north by Carnton Lane, on the east by Carnton Plantation, and on the
south and west by residential properties. The house is accessed from a drive on Carnton Lane
(1344 Carnton Lane).
Figure 1: Windermere exterior, north façade.
Windermere is a one story, center gable Eastlake cottage-style brick dwelling. The home
features an asymmetrical six-bay façade (Figure 1). It is identifiable as a Victorian era home by
the crenulated shingles found in the gables, the decorative wood porch with scrolling and
intricate banister design, and the corbelled brick work on the chimneys (Figure 2).
21
Figure 2: Windermere Floor Plan, 2012. Not to scale.
22
Development of the House: 1887-2012
Windermere has undergone several changes since it was first constructed. Originally the
house was a gable front and wing plan, with five rooms and a hall (Figure 3). Sometime in the
twentieth century, c. 1920, a bedroom wing was added to the northeast side of the house,
replacing the side shed roof porch. This alteration to the house was made under the
ownership of C.H. Kinnard III who bought Windermere in 1915. A kitchen, utility room, and hall
bathroom additions were probably made to the house under the ownership of C.H. Kinnard IV,
who owned the property from 1948 to 1966. Previous owner Davis Carr (1983-2007) added a
large sunroom addition and a small den addition to the rear of the house. Finally a
wrap-around porch with matching detailing to the porch in the c. 1894 photograph was added
by the Hellers in 2007.
Figure 3. 1890s Floor Plan. Not to scale. Other rooms may have been located on the southwest corner
of the house, but so far documentary evidence does not support this possibility.
23
Siding
Today, Windermere is covered in a white washed brick veneer (Figure 4). The brick
veneer was added by C.H. Kinnard IV, c. 1950. Circa 1894 photographs reveal that
the house was originally clad in weatherboard siding (Figure 45).
Figure 4: northeast corner of Windermere , c. 1894. Note the weatherboard siding and the
scalloped shingles in the gable.
24
Figure 5 : Close-up of brick veneer.
25
Roof
Windermere’s roof configuration has been altered many times since the house’s construction.
Originally, in 1887, the house featured a gable front and wing layout with an intersecting side
gable towards the rear of the east side of the house. Today the house’s central gable ridgeline
has been extended to accommodate rear additions (Figure 5). An intersecting side gable
addition was added to the north east side of the house in the1920s (Figures 6). A front gable
kitchen with and intersecting double gable and shed roof utility room addition were added to
the rear of the house in the early 20th century (Figure 7). A side gable sunroom addition and
shed roof wrap around porch were added to the southeast corner of the house in the 1980s.
Interior views of the roof line show the connection of intersecting roof lines.
Figure 5: Central front gable roof line. With intersecting side gable kitchen roof line.
26
Figure 6: Remnants of shingles found along the central roof gable. View of roofing material from
the northeast side gable addition.
Figure 7: Side gable roof line over the southwest kitchen addition.
27
Chimneys
Windermere has four interior chimneys and one exterior chimney. The interior chimneys are
mainly visible from the east side of the house (Figures 8 and 9). The exterior chimney is
centered on the western gable end of the formal parlor. Over the years these chimneys have
been altered. A comparison of the c. 1896 with modern day photos shows that the brickwork
on the interior chimneys has been reworked (Figures 10 and 11).
4
3
2
1
Figure 8: Close-up of interior brick chimneys. East elevation.
3
1
2
4
Figure 9: Close-up of interior brick chimneys, c. 1896. Southeast elevation.
28
Figure 10: Close-up of the exterior brick chimney.
West side of the house.
Figure 11: Partial view of the exterior brick chimney, c. 1894. West side
of the house.
29
Doors and Windows
Windermere has several exterior doors all of which have been altered or replaced in the
mid-twentieth century. The home features sixteen-over-one double-hung windows. All of the
windows are modern additions, but may have been modeled after the original 1880s sash.
Several of the windows have also been moved from their original locations. This was probably
done in the 1950s when the siding was changed by the Kinnard family (Figure 12).
Figure 12: Close-up modern day sixteen-over-one double-hung window sash.
30
Exterior Elevation Descriptions
North
The north façade of Windermere features six bays with a double center gable and brick siding
(Figure 13). Early photographs show that the house was originally a frame gable-front and
wing dwelling. The west side-gable wing is composed of three symmetrically spaced
sixteen-over-one double-hung sash, and a central exterior chimney located on the gable end.
The three windows are recessed under a shed roof porch. The porch is supported by square
wood posts with decorative arches at the top and an intricate wood design in the balustrade.
The material used on the porch has been replaced, but the design has maintained most of its
c. 1894 appearance. The central gable features a set of three one-over-one double-hung
windows, and a decorative scalloped shingle design in the gable. According to early
photographs the central gable section of the façade had a recessed porch entryway with a
two light transom, and two symmetrically spaced double-hung windows. The gable had a
crenulated shingle design with a picket border underneath, while the soffit featured scalloped
trim. Some time in the twentieth century, probably around the same time that the siding was
changed, the gable front was extended out making the wall flush, and the window configuration
was altered. The entry door which was more then likely on the north façade under the porch
was moved to the east side of the front gable. To the west side of the central gable is a two
bay, side gable addition, c. 1920. The wing features two symmetrically spaced
sixteen-over-one double-hung window. According to c. 1894 photographs, this was originally a
side porch with similar decorative details to the front porch (Figure 14).
Figure 13: North façade.
1
3
Figure 14. Northeast corner of Windermere , c. 1894. 1.) Front porch design; 2.) Porch entry with
two light transom; 3.)Original position of double-hung windows; 4.) Crenulated shingles; 5.) Picket
boarder; 6.) Scalloped trim; 7.) Original side porch before the c. 1920s wing addition.
7
5
4
6
2
31
32
East
The east elevation has four bays (Figure 15). The northern side of the east elevation features
the gabled end of the 1950s bedroom and bathroom wing addition added by C.H. Kinnard III,
c. 1920. Directly adjacent to the front gable wing is another front gable bedroom. This portion
of the house has a set of twelve-over-one double-hung windows. The bedroom is part of the
original 1887 structure and can be seen in the c. 1896 photograph. The front gable bedroom
originally had a single double-hung window. A side gable bedroom wing is attached to the
front gable bedroom, and is also part of the original 1887 structure. This bedroom wing has a
set of three twelve-over-one double-hung windows, but the c. 1896 photograph shows the
bedroom as having only two double-hung windows (Figure 16). This side gable section was
extended out later on to include a bathroom and closet addition. A large front gable sunroom
addition can be seen to the south side of the east elevation. This addition was added under
the ownership of Davis Carr (1983-2007). A large wrap-around porch extends out off of the
sunroom and rear of the house and was added by the Hellers in 2007. The detailing on the
porch was made to mimic the detailing of the porches seen in the c. 1896 photograph.
Figure 15: East elevation
33
Figure 16. c. 1896 photograph of the east façade of Windermere. The location of the
bedroom wing is located where the shed roof side porch originally was. Note the number
and location of the windows in the bedrooms to the left of the porch.
34
South
The south elevation of the has been completely altered (Figure 17). A large side gable
sunroom was added to the east side of the south elevation by previous owner Davis Carr
(1983-2007). This addition features four large picture windows on its north wall, a set of
French doors on the gable end of the east wall, and six large picture windows on the south
wall. The extended front gable bathroom addition connects to west side of the sunroom. To
the west of front gable addition is a small den addition with a set of three, twelve-over-one
double-hung windows. The sunroom, bathroom extension, and den additions are all recessed
under a shed roof, wrap around porch. This porch features the same decorative arches and
balustrade features seen on the front porch of the house. Further west of the den addition is
a small shed roof utility room addition. All of the additions to the rear of the house are modern
attachments and were added under the ownership of both the Kinnard family and Carr family.
The rear of the house is recessed under a wrap-around porch that was added by the Hellers in
2007.
Figure 17: Close-up modern day twelve-over-one double-hung window sash.
35
West
The view of the west façade of the house is obscured by thick foliage (Figure 18). This section
of the house has had several alterations made to it. The north side of the west façade features
the gable end of the formal parlor. This portion of the house has a central exterior chimney,
and is part of the original 1887 structure. An adjacent side gable wing with a centered set of
French doors holds the original 1887 dining room. A double front gable addition connecting to
the dining room holds a small breakfast room and renovated kitchen. These two connecting
gables have a set of twelve-over-one double-hung windows and a set of six-over-one
double-hung windows. A small shed roof addition off of the kitchen contains a utility room.
The utility addition has a entry door on its north side and a six-over-one double-hung window
on the south side.
Figure 18: Partial view of the west side of the house. Note the double gable and shed
roof utility room.
36
House Interior Description
Formal Parlor and Foyer
The parlor, part of the original 1887 dwelling, measures 30’- 7” x 15’-2”. This room features
wood parquet floors, lath and plaster walls, 6” baseboards, and 3” crown molding. The north
wall has three symmetrically spaced sixteen-over-one double-hung windows (Figure 19).
Decorative molding surrounds the windows and each corner is capped with corner medallions
(Figure 20). The east wall features a set of pocket doors leading into the adjacent study
(Figure 21-23). The south wall has a second set of pocket doors that lead into the dining
room. A window in the southwest corner mirrors the style of the north wall windows (Figure
24). The focal point of the room is an ornate wood mantel with a marble mantel surround
located on the west wall. The mantel features decorative cove molding as well as reeding
(Figure 25 and 26). In c. 1950, a small foyer addition (6’-0” x 8’-8”) was added by C.H. Kinnard
IV (Figure 27).
Figure 19: Three symmetrically spaced sixteen-over-one double-hung windows on the north wall.
37
Figure 20: Decorative corner moldings found
on all of the doors and windows in the parlor.
Figure 21: Pocket door leading into the dining room.
38
Figure 23: Detailed view of the pocket
door hardware. Note the Eastlake
styling on the hardware.
Figure 22: Detailed view of the pocket door
hardware. Note the Eastlake styling on the
hardware.
39
Figure 24: South wall of the parlor with a view of the sixteen-over-one double-hung window
40
Figure 25: Foyer addition c. 1950
41
Figure 26: West wall mantel. Note the intricate molding on the mantel including the reeding
down the sides, and the marble mantel surround.
Figure 27: Detailed view of the mantel molding.
42
Study
The study, part of the original 1887 dwelling, measures 16’-0” x 16’-10” (Figure 28). This room
features wood parquet floors, lath and plaster walls, 6” baseboards, and 3” crown molding.
The north wall has a set of three one-over-one double-hung windows (Figure 29). Decorative
molding surrounds the windows and each corner is capped with corner medallions. The south
wall has a small fireplace and mantel (Figure 30 and 31). To the right of the mantel there is a
wood panel door way with a single light transom over top . This door leads into the adjacent
hallway. The west wall features a set of pocket doors leading into the adjacent parlor (Figure
32).
Figure 28: View of the northeast corner of the study.
43
Figure 29: Set of one-over-one double-hung windows located on
the north wall of the study.
44
Figure 30: Small fireplace and mantel on the south wall of the study.
Figure 31: Detailed view the molding on the study mantel.
45
Figure 32: View of the south wall pocket door and
transom, and the adjacent west wall pocket door entryway.
46
Dining Room
The dining room, part of the original 1887 dwelling, measures 16’- 3” x 18’-0”. This room
features wood parquet floors, lath and plaster walls, 6” baseboards, 3” chair rail, and 3” crown
molding (Figure 33). The north wall has a set of pocket doors leading into the adjacent parlor.
(Figure 34). The east wall features a small fireplace and mantel (Figure 35). The south wall
has an entryway that leads into the adjacent kitchen and breakfast nook. The west wall has a
set of French doors with seven light side lights (Figure 36).
Figure 33: View of the north wall pocket door entry.
47
Figure 34: View of the east wall fireplace and mantel.
Figure 35: Detailed view of the chair rail molding.
48
Figure 36: View of the west wall French doors.
49
Northeast Bedroom
The northeast bedroom, part of the original 1887 dwelling, measures 18’- 3” x 15’-5”. This
room features wood 2” plank wood floors, lath and plaster walls, 6” baseboards, and 3” crown
molding. The east wall features a set of twelve-over-one double-hung windows (Figure 37).
Decorative molding surrounds the windows. The south wall has a small fireplace and mantel
situated diagonally in the southeast corner of the room (Figure 38). The west wall has a wood
panel door with a one light transom over top (Figure 39). This doorway is located on the south
side of the west wall and leads into the adjacent hallway. Custom built-ins can also be seen
on this wall and were built possibly by Davis and Martha Carr at a later (1983-2007).
Figure 37: Set of twelve-over-one double-hung windows located
on the east wall.
50
Figure 38: Close-up view of small fireplace and mantel
located diagonally in the southeast corner of the room.
Figure 39: Wood panel entry door with one light transom over top.
51
Master Bedroom
The master bedroom, part of the original 1887 dwelling, measures 18’- 3” x 19’-0”. This room
features wood 2” plank wood floors, lath and plaster walls, 6” baseboards, and 3” crown
molding. The east wall features a set of three, twelve-over-one double-hung windows (Figure
40). Decorative molding surrounds the windows. The south wall has a small fireplace and
mantel centered along the wall (Figure 41). The fireplace extends into the room creating coves
on either side of the wall. On the west side of the south wall a has a wood paneled entry door
that leads into the adjacent bathroom addition, c. 1930s (Figure 42). The west wall has a
wood panel door with a one light transom over top (Figure 43). This doorway is located on the
north side of the west wall and leads into the adjacent hallway.
Figure 40: Set of three, twelve-over-one double-hung windows
located on the east wall.
52
Figure 41: Small fireplace and mantel centered along the south wall.
53
Figure 42: View into the bathroom
addition, c. 1930s.
Figure 43: West wall wood paneled door with one
light transom over tip.
54
Hall
The hall, part of the original 1887 dwelling, measures 32’-0” long with a 16’-0” x 7’-6” extension
on the north end leading to the north study and a northeast bedroom addition (c. 1920s), and a
12’-0” x 7’-6” extension on the south end leading to the southwest kitchen addition (c. 1930s),
south bathroom addition (c. 1930s), and south den addition (c. 1950s) (Figures 44 and 45) .
The hall features wood 2” plank wood floors, lath and plaster walls, 6” baseboards, 3” chair rail,
and 3” crown molding. A cellar door located in the floor of the hallway on the northwest side of
the hall leads to the home’s basement.
Figure 44: View of the hallway from the south east corner.
Note the baseboards, chair rail, and crown molding
55
Figure 45: View of the hall bathroom entryway and
partial view into the kitchen,
56
Northeast Bedroom Addition
The bedroom wing (c. 1920), located on the east side of the house off the hall, was added by
C.H. Kinnard III after he bought the property in 1915 (Figure 46). It replaced an early shed roof
porch. The wing includes a bedroom (18’-6” x 15’-8”), dressing room with a closet (13’-0” x
9’-0”), and toilet room (9’-0” x 4’-10”). The bathroom addition was added to the east side of the
bathroom c. 1930. There are two doors in the bedroom; one, located on the west wall, leads to
the hall and the other, located on the east wall, to the dressing room and toilet room. A sixteen
-over-one double-hung window is located on the north wall of the bedroom (Figure 47).
Another sixteen-over-on double-hung window is located on the south wall (Figure 48).
Architectural elements such as the transom over the door to the hall , the window and door
molding capped with corner medallions, and the 10” baseboards echo those used in the 1880s
portion of the house. The heat grate on the wall helps to date the addition to the 1920s (Figure
49).
Figure 46: View of the southwest corner of the east wing
bedroom addition. Note the wood panel hall entry door with the
one light transom.
57
Figure 47: View of the north wall window on the northeast wing bedroom.
Figure 48: View of the southeast corner of the east wing bedroom.
58
Figure 49: Detailed view of the grate and baseboard.
59
Kitchen
The kitchen addition was most likely made by C.H. Kinnard IV (Figure 50). It is a rectangular
room with dimensions of 22’-1” x 11’-10”. A beam on the ceiling and modern cabinetry
provides delineation between the kitchen and the breakfast room. Twelve inch square ceramic
tile, added by the Carr family, is continued into the utility room and sunroom on the south side
of the house. The north wall of the kitchen features a cased opening leading into the adjacent
dining room. The east wall of the kitchen has two entryways. A wood paneled door with one
light transom is located on the north side of the east wall and leads into the hallway. The south
side of the east wall has a cased opening that leads into the adjacent den. A wood paneled
door located on the east corner of the south wall of the kitchen leads into a small mudroom.
The west wall features a set of six-over-one double-hung windows to the left over the sink
and a set of twelve-over-one double-hung windows to the right in the breakfast nook.
Figure 50: View of the south side of the kitchen addition.
Utility Room
The utility room addition located to the south of the kitchen is 9’-4” x 11’-10”. The room
features one exterior door and a six-over-one double-hung window on the west wall of the
addition.
60
Den
The south den addition was probably added by C.H. Kinnard IV. The main body of the den
measures 13’-0” x 18’-2”, while a small ell to the north measures 5’-0” x7’-0”. The north wall
of the den features a wood paneled door that leads into the adjacent hallway. The east wall
has an exterior glass paneled door located in the southeast corner of the elevation. The south
wall features a set of three, twelve-over-one double-hung windows. The west wall of the den
has a cased opening that leads into the adjacent kitchen (Figures 51 and 52). The den
features a small attic entry door located on the ceiling in the northwest corner of the room.
Figure 51: View of the northwest corner of the den. Note the cased opening leading into the
kitchen. Note the attic access door located in the northwest corner of the room.
61
Figure 52: View of the ell portion of the den , looking
northward down the hall entryway.
62
Hall Bathroom
A small hall bathroom, located on the southwest end of the hall, was added under the
ownership of C.H. Kinnard IV. The space measures 7’-8” x 6’-8” (Figure 53).
Figure 53: View of the hall bathroom.
Basement
A basement can be found beneath the kitchen addition, with an access point located in the
northwest corner of the hall floor. The walls of the basement are composed of rough cut
limestone blocks. A set of limestone stairs located in the southwest corner of the basement at
one point provided exterior access to the basement level of the house. The entryway has
since been filled in as new additions were added to the rear of the house. A coal shoot can
still be seen on the exterior west wall, suggesting that the basements was used primarily for
coal storage, although the interior stone steps suggest that the basement could have also
been used for food storage. The material used in the construction of the basement coupled
with the location of the basement beneath the kitchen addition points to a circa date of 19001920.
63
Sunroom
The sunroom, located on the southeast corner, was added by Davis Carr (Figure 54). The
main body of the room measures 19’-0” x 16’-4”. An ell extension to the west side of the room
measures 10’-4” x 9’-7”. The north wall of the sunroom features four picture windows. The
east wall features two sets of French doors that lead to the wrap-around porch (Figure 55).
The south wall has six picture windows. The west wall has two doors; to the left an exterior
glass paneled door leads to the porch; to the right a wood paneled entry door leads into the
adjacent master bathroom (Figures 56).
Figure 54: View of the east façade of the sunroom. Note the set of French doors.
64
Figure 55: View of the northeast corner of the sunroom.
Figure 56: View of the west wall exterior
entryway.
65
APPENDIX A:
DEEDS
Grantor John McGavock
Grantee Winder McGavock
October 17, 1885
Mf. Roll No. 153. Williamson County Deed Books, Mf Roll No. 153, Vol. 11, p. 166, WCA.
“I John McGavock in consideration of love and affection by the presents sell and convey to my
son Winder McGavock, a parcel of realty situated in Williamson County, Tennessee, a part of
my home place, beginning at a stone in the East boundary line of the hundred acre tract
conveyed by me to my daughter Hattie McGavock Cowan 41 ¾ poles from her SE corner,
thence East 170 poles to a stone, thence north 60 poles to a Stone in the South margin of the
Franklin and Lewisburg Pike, thence with the south margin of said Pike 188 poles to a stone.
Mrs. Hattie McGavock Cowan’s NE Corner, thence S 32 E 5 ¾ E with her line 148 ¼ poles to
the beginning, containing one hundred acres, To have and to hold the said realty to the said
Winder McGavock and his heirs forever. Witness my hand at Franklin, Tennessee, this 17 day
of Oct. 1885.
Grantor John McGavock
Grantee Hattie M. Cowan
October 17, 1885
Mf. Roll No. 153. Williamson County Deed Books, Mf Roll No. 153, Vol. 11, p. 166, WCA.
“I John McGavock in consideration of love and affection, by these presents, sell and convey to
my daughter Hattie McGavock Cowan, a parcel of realty, situated in Williamson County,
Tennessee, a part of my home, beginning on McCormack’s SE corner, there N 1 ½ W, with his
lines 27 ½ poles to the south margin of the Franklin and Lewisburg Pike, thence with the south
and west margin of the same 53 ½ poles to a stone, thence S 32 W 5 ¾ poles to a stone,
thence S 1/2 E 130 poles to a stone, thence N 84 ½ W 80 poles to the center of the Rail Road,
then with the center of the same, 150 poles to a point in the center of said road, McCormack’s
SW corner, thence S 84 ½ E 33 ½ poles to the beginning, containing one hundred acres, to
have and to hold said Realty to the said Hattie McGavock Cowan and her heirs forever,
witness my hand at Franklin Tennessee, this 17 day of Oct. 1885. Jno. McGavock.
Grantor John McGavock
Grantee George L. Cowan
July 6, 1887
Williamson County Deed Books, Mf Roll No. 154, Vol. 12, p. 318, WCA.
“This Indenture and deed made and entered into on this the 6th day of July 1887, by and
between Jno. McGavock and Geo. L. Cowan, citizens of the County of Williamson, State of
Tennessee, Witnesseth, that for and in consideration of the sum of Three thousand dollars
($3000) dollars [sic] cash in hand paid, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged to the said
Jno. McGavock, hereby bargains + sells + doth by these presents transfers and convey with
said Geo. L. Cowan, his heirs and assigns forever, the following described track or parcel of
land, located, lying and being in the 9th Civil district of said County + being a part of said
McGavock farm on which he now resides beginning on a stone, the SE corner of the one
hundred acres heretofore set apart and conveyed by said McGavock to Mrs. Hattie Cowan,
66
wife of said Cowan, + running? There 41 ½ ˚? W 11 ¼ poles to a plank fence, there with the S
80˚E 22.90? poles to another plank fence, there with the same S 8˚? E 84 ¼ poles to a stake,
there N 83˚ W 112 ¾ poles to the center of the L + N RR [Louisville and Nashville Railroad,
there with the same 68 poles to the SW corner of the Mrs. Cowan land, there S 84 ½ E 80
poles to the beginning, containing forty seven acres and one hundred and thirty four square
poles by actual survey, to have and to hold the same unto said Geo. L. Cowan and his heirs
and assigns forever, together with all the rights, easements, and privileges, there unto
belonging or in (aquires?) appertaining, and the said McGavock covenants with said Cowan
that he is lawfully seized and possessed of said land that the same is not encumbered, that he
has a forfeit right to convey the same and will forever warrant and defer this title thereof to said
Cowan, his heirs and assigns forever, against the lawful claims of all persons whom to ever in
testimony whereof said McGavock has his afore written.
Jno. McGavock
Carrie W. McGavock
Grantor C.H. Kinnard et ux
Grantee Claiborne H. Kinnard, Jr. et ux
October 11, 1946
Williamson County Deeds Mf. Roll 191, Vol. 87, p. 313, WCA.
“…It is further agreed and understood between the parties that said Claiborne H. Kinnard and
wife, Ruth McDowell Kinnard, shall have permanent use of water rights, either from the spring
known as Winder Spring, the 4 inch water main running from this spring to the pool, Willow
Plundge (sic), or from the reservoir at Willow Plunge- or from any other source of supply
available, and they shall have the right to lay and maintain a pipe line and install and maintain
pumps and equipment on and over the lands of said C.H. Kinnard, and that any disposition of
property belonging to said C.H. Kinnard will be made subject to these rights.”
67
APPENDIX B:
WILLIAMSON COUNTY TAX RECORDS
DISTRICT 9
Owner
North
South
East
West
Acres
Value of
Acres
Personal
Prop. minus $1,000
Total Real
Property
Poll Tax
State Tax
County Tax
School Tax
Total Taxes
1881
1882
John
McGavock
1,000
John
McGavock
Harpeth River
Lewisburg Pike
Lewisburg Pike
Rail Road
800
$40,000
1883
John
McGavock
Winder
McGavock
Home Place
Home Place
800
200
$40,000
$32,000
$8,000
$2,610
$1,200
$2,390
-
$42,610
$41,200
$34,390
$8,000
$127.83
$127.83
$85.22
$340.88
$82.40
$82.40
$82.40
$247.20
$103.17
$103.17
$68.78
$275.12
$2.00
$24.00
$24.00
$18.00
$66.00
Land on
Lewisburg
Pike
Owner
North
South
East
West
Acres
Value of Acres
Personal Prop.
minus $1,000
Total Real
Property
Poll Tax
State Tax
County Tax
School Tax
Total Taxes
1884
John McGavock
Winder McGavock
Harpeth River
Harpeth River
Bond
Bond
Lewisburg Pike
Lewisburg Pike
Rail Road
Buchanan
800
200
$40,000
$8,000
$1,000
$300
$41,000
$8,300
$123.00
$102.50
$102.50
$328.00
$2.00
$24.90
$20.75
$22.75
$68.40
68
1885
Owner
North
South
East
West
Acres
Value of Acres
Personal
Property
minus $1,000
Total Real
Property
Poll Tax
State Tax
County Tax
School Tax
Tax
Highway
Taxes
Total Taxes
John McGavock
Lewisburg Pike
Bond
Lewisburg Pike
McGavock
Harpeth River
Harpeth River
Rail Road
W.C. McG place
1,000
$45,000
249
$9,000
Matthews
McGavock
Douglas
Ewing (Past
Van McG
place)
100
$3,000
Winder
McGavock
McLemore
Wall St.
Harrison
Ewing
2
$250
-
$2,675
$57,000
$2,925.20
$171.00
$142.50
$171.00
$484.50
$2.00
$8.77.5
$7.31.25
$10.77.5
$26.86.25
$28.50
$1.46.25
$513.00
$28.32.5
1886
Property
North
South
East
West
Acres
Value of Acres
Personal
Property
minus $1,000
Total Real
Property
Poll Tax
State Tax
County Tax
School Tax
Total Taxes
John McGavock
Winder
McGavock
George
Cowan
Lewisburg
Pike
(Residenc
e)
?. C.
McGavock
place
Part of Van
McGavock
Place
[blank]
Lewsiburg
Pike and
Rail Road
600
$27,000
249
$9,000
100
$3,000
300
$12,000
100
$5,000
-
-
-
$12,000
$5,000
$36.00
$24.00
$38.00
$98.00
$15.00
$10.00
$15.00
$40.00
$36,000.00
$108.00
$72.00
$108.00
$288.00
$3,000.00
$9.00
$6.00
$9.00
$24.00
69
Property
North
South
East
West
Acres
Value of Acres
Personal Property
minus $1,000
Total Real Property
Poll Tax
State Tax
County Tax
School Tax
Total Taxes
1887
1888
1889
George Cowan
100
$5,000
George Cowan
Lewisburg Pike
McGavock
theo?
Rail Road
125
$6,250
George Cowan
Lewisburg Pike
McGavock
McGavock
Rail Road
125
$6,250
-
$200
-
$5,000
$2.00
$15.00
$12.50
$19.50
$47.00
$6,450
$2.00
$19.35
$12.90
$21.35
$53.60
$6,250
$2.00
$18.75
$12.50
$20.75
$6.25
Lewisburg Pike
Rail Road
1890
1891
1892
George
Cowan
Lewisburg Pike
McGavock
McGavock
Rail Road
125
$6,250
George Cowan
Lewisburg Pike
McGavock
McGavock
Rail Road
125
$6,250
George Cowan
Lewisburg Pike
McGavock
McGavock
Rail Road
125
$6,250
-
-
-
$6,250
$6,250
$6,250
-
$2.00
-
State Tax
$18.75
$18.75
$18.75
County Tax
$11.25
$12.50
$15.62.5
School Tax
$18.75
$20.75
$18.75
Highway Tax
$3.12.5
$5.00
$6.25
Total Taxes
$51.87.5
$57.00
$59.37.5
Property
North
South
East
West
Acres
Value of Acres
Personal
Property
minus $1,000
Total Real
Property
Poll Tax
70
1893
Property
North
South
East
West
Acres
Value of Acres
Personal
Property minus
$1,000
Total Real
Property
Poll Tax
State Tax
County Tax
School Tax
Highway Tax
Total Taxes
1894
1895
George
Cowan
Lewisburg
Pike
McGavock
McGavock
Rail Road
125
$6,250
George
Cowan
Lewisburg
Pike
Carothers
McGavock
Rail Road
247
$12,350
McGavock and
Cowan
Executors
McGavock
Billington
Pike
Green
195
$9,750
George
Cowan
Lewisburg
Pike
Carothers
McGavock
Rail Road
247
$12,350
$460
$210
-
-
$6,710
$12,560
$9,750
$13,590
$20.13
$16.77.5
$20.13
$10.06.5
$67.10
$37.68
$25.12
$33.91.2
$18.84
$115.55.2
$29.25
$19.50
$26.32.50
$14.62.5
$89.70
$29.18
$40.77
$36.69.3
$13.59
$118.22.3
71
Property
North
South
East
West
Acres
Value of
Acres
Personal
Property
minus $1,000
Total Real
Property
Poll Tax
1896
George
Cowan
Lewisburg
Pike
Property
Carothers
South
North
1897
George
Cowan
Lewisburg
Pike
1898
George
Cowan
Lewisburg
Pike
Carothers
Carothers
Glass
East
Glass
Glass
Rail Road
247
West
Rail Road
247
Rail Road
207
$12,350
$12,970
-
Acres
Value of Acres
Personal
Property minus
$1,000
Total Real
Property
Poll Tax
$12,350
$12,350
$10,350
State Tax
$25.90
State Tax
$37.05
$31.05
County Tax
$38.91
County Tax
$37.05
$31.05
School Tax
$35.01
School Tax
$33.34
$27.94
Bridge Tax
Highway Tax/
Cash
Highway Tax/
Work
Tax
$15.56
Special Tax
$18.52
$10.35
$4.31
Road Tax
$12.35
$10.35
$8.66
Total
$138.32
$110.74
Total Taxes
$128.40
$12.97
72
Property
North
South
East
West
Acres
Value of Acres
Personal
Property minus
$1,000
Total Real
Property
Poll Tax
State Tax
County Tax
School Tax
Special Tax
Road Tax
Total
1899
1900
George
Cowan
Lewisburg
Pike
Carothers
Glass
Rail Road
George
Cowan
Lewisburg
Pike
Carothers
Glass
Rail Road
207
$10,350
$10,350
$10,350
$36.22
$31.05
$22.95
$2.07
$10.35
$107.64
$36.20
$31.05
$31.05
$13.40
$111.78
Property
North
South
East
West
Acres
Value of Acres
Personal Property
minus $1,000
Total Real
Property
Poll Tax
State Tax
County Tax
School Tax
Special Tax
Road Tax
Total
1901
George
Cowan
Lewisburg Pike
Woods
Glass
Rail Road
207
1902
George
Cowan
Lewisburg
Pike
Hodge
Glass
Billington
207
1903
George
Cowan
Lewisburg
Pike
Hodge
Glass
Billington
207
$10,350
$130
$10,350
$10,350
$10,480
$36.22
$31.05
$31.05
$36.22
$25,87
$31.05
$36.68
$31.44
$31.44
$10.35
$108.67
$10.35
$103.50
$12.58
$112.14
73
Property
North
South
East
West
Acres
Value of Acres
Personal
Property minus
$1,000
Total Real
Property
Poll Tax
State Tax
County Tax
School Tax
Bridge Tax
Road Tax
Total
1904
George
Cowan
Lewisburg
Pike
Hodge
Billington
Glass
209
$10,350
Property
North
South
East
West
Acres
Value of Acres
Personal Property
minus $1,000
Total Real Property
State Tax
County Tax
School Tax
Road Tax
Total
$10,350
$36.22
$31.05
$31.05
$4.14
$12.42
$114.88
Property
North
South
East
West
Acres
Value of Acres
Personal
Property minus $1,000
Total Real
Property
Poll Tax
State Tax
County Tax
School Tax
Jail Tax
Road Tax
Total
1907
George
Cowan
Records
not
available
1905
George
Cowan
Lewisburg
Pike
Hodge
Billington
Glass
209
$10,350
1906
George
Cowan
Lewisburg
Pike
Glass
McGavock
Rail Road
215
$11,830
$130
$10,350
$11,830
$36.22
$31.05
$31.05
$10.35
$12.42
$121.09
$41.40
$35.49
$35.49
$11.83
$114.20
$138.41
1908
Property
Pike
Billington
Glass
Rail Road
215
$11,820
1909
George
Cowan
Pike
Billington
Glass
Rail Road
215
$11,820
$11,820
$41.37
$35.46
$35.46
$14.18
$126.47
$11,820
$41.37
$35.46
$35.46
$11.82
$135.93
74
Property
North
South
East
West
Acres
Value of Acres
Personal
Property minus
$1,000
Total Real
Property
State Tax
County Tax
School Tax
High School Tax
Road Tax
Total
1910
George Cowan
Pike
Billington
Glass
Rail Road
215
$11,820
1911
George Cowan
Pike
Billington
Glass
Rail Road
215
$11,820
1912
George Cowan
Pike
Billington
Glass
Rail Road
215
$11,820
$11,820
$11,820
$11,820
$41.37
$29.55
$35.46
$11.82
$11.82
$141.84
$41.37
$35.46
$35.46
$11.82
$11.82
$147.75
$41.37
$35.46
$35.46
$11.82
$11.82
$147.75
Property
North
South
East
West
Acres
Value of Acres
Personal Property
minus $1,000
Total Real
Property
State Tax
County Tax
School Tax
High School Tax
Road Tax
Bridge and P.B.
Tax
Special Road Tax
Total
1913
George
Cowan
Pike
Billington
Glass
Rail Road
215
$11,820
1914
George
Cowan
Pike
Billington
Glass
Rail Road
215
$11,820
$11,820
$11,820
$41.37
$35.46
$35.46
$11.82
$11.82
$41.37
$35.40
$35.40
$11.80
$11.80
$11.82
$11.80
$11.82
$159.57
$11.80
$159.30
75
1915
Property
North
South
East
West
Acres
Value of Acres
In Franklin
In Franklin
In Franklin
In Franklin
Personal Property
minus $1,000
Total Real
Property
State Tax
County Tax
School Tax
High School Tax
Road Tax
Bridge and P.B.
Tax
Special Road Tax
Total
Walter A. Roberts
Pike
Billington
Glass
Rail Road
215
$11,800
3 houses and lots on Maple Ave
1 house and lot on Cameron St
9 houses and lot on East Margin
1 vacant lot on Columbia Pike
$1,000
$22,800
$79.80
$68.40
$68.40
$22.80
$11.80
$22.80
$11.80
$159.57
1915
George
Cowan
Moves
to
Bridge Street
in Franklin
76
1916
1917
1918
Claiborne H.
Kinnard
Claiborne H.
Kinnard
Claiborne H.
Kinnard
North
Pike
Pike
Pike
South
Glass
Glass
Glass
East
Shelton
Shelton
Shelton
West
Rail Road
Rail Road
Rail Road
Acres
217
217
217
$10,000
$10,000
$10,000
$2,000
$1,000
$2,660
$12,000
$11,000
$12,660
Poll Tax
$2.00
$2.00
$2.00
State Tax
$42.00
$55.00
$63.30
County Tax
$36.00
$33.00
$37.98
School Tax
$36.00
$33.00
$44.31
High School Tax
$12.00
$11.00
$12.66
Bridge and P.B.
Tax
$12.00
$11.00
$12.66
Road Tax
$12.00
$11.00
$12.66
$12.00
$11.00
$12.66
$12.00
$11.00
$12.66
$176.00
$178.00
$210.99
Property
Value of Acres
Personal
Property minus
$1,000
Total Real
Property
Special Road
Tax
County Highway
Tax
Total
77
1919
Property
North
South
East
West
Acres
Value of Acres
Personal Property
minus $1,000
Total Real
Property
Poll Tax
State Tax
State Highay Tax
County Tax
School Tax
High School Tax
Bridge and P.B.
Tax
Road Tax
Special Road Tax
County Highway
Tax
Total
1920
C.H.
Kinnard
1921
C.H.
Kinnard
1922
C.H.
Kinnard
$4,000
$10,500
$10,000
$10,000
$14,000
$10,500
$10,000
$10,000
$2.00
$77.00
$4.30
$42.00
$49.00
$14.00
$2.00
$22.84
$4.46
$13.65
$25.20
$7.35
$2.00
$30.00
$5.00
$20.00
$18.00
$5.00
$2.00
$31.00
$5.00
$15.00
$22.50
$7.50
$14.00
$3.15
$3.00
$3.00
$16.80
$14.00
$6.30
$3.15
$6.00
$3.00
$6.00
$3.00
$21.00
$5.25
$10.00
$10.00
$249.80
$93.35
$100.00
$105.00
C.H. Kinnard
Pike
Glass
Shelton
Rail Road
217
$10,000
1923
Property
North
South
East
West
Acres
Value of Acres
Personal Property
minus $1,000
Total Real Property
Poll Tax
Total
1924
C.H.
Kinnard
Pike
Glass
Shelton
Rail Road
217
$30,000
C.H. Kinnard
Pike
Glass
Rail Road
Shelton
217
$28,000
$1,600
$1,000
$700
$10,000
$1,600
$2.00
$18.48
$31,000
$2.00
$364.70
$28,700
$2.00
$100.00
$10,000
$2.00
$105.00
C.H. Kinnard
1925
1926
C.H.
Kinnard
78
Property
North
South
East
West
Acres
Value of Acres
Personal Property
minus $1,000
Total Real
Property
Poll Tax
State, St Univ.,
and Elementary
School
County Tax
Total
1927
1928
C.H. Kinnard
Pike
Glass
Shelton
Rail Road
217
$28,000
1929
C.H.
Kinnard
Pike
Glass
Elliotte
Rail Road
220
$27,000
1930
C.H.
Kinnard
Pike
Polk
Partlow
Rail Road
227
$27,000
C.H. Kinnard
Pike
Glass
Rail Road
Shelton
217
$28,000
$700
$280
$280
$2,540
$28,700
$28,280
$27,280
$29,540
$2.00
$2.00
$2.00
$2.00
$71.75
$70.70
$54.56
$59.08
$315.70
$373.07
$339.36
$412.06
$346.46
$403.02
$369.25
$430.33
1931
Property
North
South
East
West
Acres
Value of Acres
Personal
Property minus
$1,000
Total Real
Property
Poll Tax
State School
Taxes
County Tax
Total
1932
1933
1934
C.H. Kinnard
Pike
Polk
Partlow
Rail Road
220
$27,000
C.H.
Kinnard
Pike
Glass
Partlow
Rail Road
220
$24,000
C.H.
Kinnard
Pike
Polk
Crockett
Rail Road
220
$24,000
$1,240
$1,280
$1,100
$27,000
$28,240
$25,280
$25,100
$2.00
$2.00
$2.00
$2.00
$22.59
$20.22
$20.08
$276.75
$301.34
$303.36
$325.58
$306.22
$328.30
C.H. Kinnard
Pike
Polk
Parlylow (sic)
Rail Road
220
$27,000
$364.50
$366.50
79
1935
Property
North
South
East
West
Acres
Value of Acres
Personal Property
minus $1,000
Total Real Property
Poll Tax
State School Taxes
County Tax
Total
Property
North
South
East
West
Acres
Value of Acres
Personal
Property minus
$1,000
Total Real
Property
Poll Tax
State School
Taxes
County Tax
Total
C.H. Kinnard
Pike
Polk
Crockett
Rail Road
220
$24,000
1936
C.H.
Kinnard
Pike
Polk
Crockett
Rail Road
220
$24,000
1937
C.H. Kinnard
Pike
Polk
Crockett
Rail Road
220
$24,000
1938
C.H.
Kinnard
Pike
Polk
Crockett
Rail Road
220
$24,000
$900
$3,900
$2,300
$2,800
$24,900
$2.00
$19.92
$323.70
$345.62
$27,900
$2.00
$22.32
$371.07
$393.39
$26,300
CHK Over 50
$21.04
$391.87
$412.91
$26,800
$21.44
$402.00
$423.44
1939
1940
1941
1942
C.H.
Kinnard
Pike
Polk
Crockett
Rail Road
220
$24,000
C.H. Kinnard
Pike
Polk
Crockett
Rail Road
220
$24,000
C.H. Kinnard
Pike
Polk
Crockett
Rail Road
220
$24,000
C.H.
Kinnard
Pike
Polk
Crockett
Rail Road
220
$24,000
$2,800
$3,900
$2,300
$3,780
$26,800
$27,900
$26,300
$27,780
$21.44
$22.32
$21.04
$22.22
$402.00
$423.44
$371.07
$393.39
$391.87
$412.91
$413.92
$436.14
80
Property
North
South
East
West
Acres
Value of Acres
Personal Property minus
$1,000
Total Real Property
Poll Tax
State School
Taxes
County Tax
Total Tax
1943
1944
1945
1946
C.H. Kinnard
(III)
Pike
Polk
Crockett
Rail Road
220
$24,000
C.H. Kinnard III
Pike
Polk
Crockett
Rail Road
220
$24,000
C.H. Kinnard
III
Pike
Polk
Crockett
Rail Road
220
$24,000
C.H. Kinnard III
Pike
Polk
Crockett
Rail Road
220
$24,000
$5,500
$4,100
$29,500 (sic)
$29,500
$28,100
$29,500
$24,000
$23.60
$22.48
$23.60
$1,920.00
$402.00
$477.90
$432.74
$455.22
$483.80
$507.40
$436.80
$456.00
Property
North
South
East
West
Acres
Value of Acres
1947
1948
1949
C.H. Kinnard III
Pike
Polk
Crockett
Rail Road
C.H.
Kinnard IV
Pike
Polk
Crockett
Rail Road
C.H. Kinnard IV
Pike
Polk
Crockett
Rail Road
220
220
220
$24,000
$24,000
$24,000
Value of Acres (2nd row)
Personal Property minus
$1,000
Personal Property minus
$1,000 (2nd row)
Total Real Property
Total Real Property
Poll Tax
Total County Tax
Total County Tax
$24,000
$4,100
$24,000
$24,000
$4,100
$24,000
$576.00
$576.00
$98.40
$816.00
81
1950
1951
1952
1953
C.H.
Kinnard IV
Pike
C.H. Kinnard
IV
Pike
C.H.
Kinnard IV
Pike
C.H.
Kinnard IV
Pike
Polk
Polk
Polk
Polk
East
Crockett
Crockett
Crockett
Crockett
West
Rail Road
Rail Road
Rail Road
Rail Road
Acres
220
220
220
220
$24,000
$24,000
$24,000
$24,000
$24,000
$28,280
$28,280
$28,280
$816.00
$1,068.00
$1,068.00
$1,068.00
Property
North
South
Value of Acres
Personal
Property minus
$1,000
Total Real
Property
Poll Tax
County Tax
Total County
Tax
1954
1955
1956
1957
C.H. Kinnard
IV
Pike
C.H. Kinnard
IV
Pike
C.H.
Kinnard IV
Pike
C.H.
Kinnard IV
Pike
Polk
Polk
Polk
Polk
East
Crockett
Crockett
Crockett
Crockett
West
Rail Road
Rail Road
Rail Road
Rail Road
Acres
220
220
220
220
$24,000
$24,000
$24,000
$24,000
$24,000
$24,000
$24,000
$24,000
$1,072.45
$1,072.45
$1,072.45
$1,072.45
Property
North
South
Value of Acres
Personal
Property
minus $1,000
Total Real
Property
Poll Tax
County Tax
Total County
Tax
82
1958
1959
1960
1961
C.H. Kinnard
IV
C.H. Kinnard
IV
C.H. Kinnard
IV
C.H.
Kinnard IV
North
Pike
Pike
Pike
Pike
South
Polk
Polk
Polk
Polk
East
Crockett
Crockett
Crockett
Crockett
West
Rail Road
Rail Road
Rail Road
Rail Road
Acres
220
220
220
220
$24,000
$24,000
$24,000
$40,000
$24,000
$24,000
$24,000
$40,000
$1,072.45
$1,072.45
$1,072.45
$1,780.00
Property
Value of
Acres
Personal
Property
minus $1,000
Total Real
Property
Total County
Tax
83
APPENDIX C:
WILLS
Will of John McGavock,
September 18, 1886
Williamson County Will Books, Mf Roll No. 96, Will Book Vol. 20, p. 509. WCA
“I have heretofore given and deeded to each of my children 100 acres of land out of the tract in
which I now reside, and I will and devise that all the balance of my said tract of land be equally
divided between my said children to wit: Winder McGavock and Hattie Cowan, that is each of
them shall have the same number of acres, all my land being regarded as of practically the
same value per acre. I will and direct that said land be so divided as to leave all the land of
each of my said children in one body, undividing [sic] what I have heretofore given them. But
all my improvements including my residence shall be in my said son’s part of said land.
I will and devise to my wife Carrie W. McGavock for and during her natural life one third
of the usufruct [the right of using and enjoying the use or profits of an estate] of the land I have
herein divided to each of my children, excluding however the one hundred acres I have heretofore deeded to each of them.
In addition to the above I also will and bequeath the exclusive possession and control of
my residence yard and garden, and all of my household and kitchen furniture, and she may
dispose of any of said household and kitchen furniture in any way that she may desire.
I will and bequeath that all of my personal property of every character and description
except said household and said household and kitchen furniture shall be equally divided between my said children and I recommend that nothing be sold at public sale, except such articles as cannot be valued or divided by them, or such as they may choose to sell.
I nominate and appoint as executors to this my last will and testament my son Winder
McGavock and my son-in-law Geo. L. Cowan. … 18th day of September, 1886.
After execution of John McGavock’s Will,
Grantor Winder McGavock
Grantee Hattie M. Cowan
August 26, 1893
Williamson County Deed Books, 1893, Mf. Roll 156, Vol. 16, p. 538-40, WCA.
“This Indenture made and entered into this 26 day of August AD 1893 by and between Winder
McGavock of the County of Williamson in the State of Tennessee of the one part and Hattie M
Cowan and her husband Geo L Cowan of said County and State of the other Witnesseth that
whereas by the Last Will and Testament of John McGavock, late of said County now deceased, he gave and divised to his two children the said Winder McGavock and Hattie M
Cowan, the tract of land on which he resided at the time of his death lying and being in the 9th
Civil District of said County known as Carnton, and containing 643 acres equally and jointly by
share and share alike, And whereas they have this day set apart and divided one hundred and
ninety five acres + 30 poles of said land to be sold in whole or in part as may be necessary, for
the payment of the debts of said estate and have partitioned the balance between themselves
of said division and partition being as follows: viz, to the said Hattie M Cowan is set apart the
following two parcels pieces of land, First, one parcel of two hundred and seven acres and 80
poles on the West side of the place and bounded as follows: Beginning on a stone, the south
east corner of Geo L Cowan’s lot purchased of John McGavock thence with his line N 83˚ W
112 ¾ poles to the center of the Rail road thence S 1 ¾ W leaving the rail road at 42 poles,
84
202 poles to double stones Billington’s corner, thence S 89 89˚ [sic] E with his and Crothers
line 153 poles to a Stone, thence N 1˚ E 130 poles to a stone, thence S 89˚ E 64 poles to a
Stone, thence N 1˚ E 37:36 poles to Stone, thence N 82˚ W 10 ¼ poles to a Stone, thence S
18˚ W 92 poles to a stone in Cowan’s purchase, thence S 8˚ E 16’30…containing 240 acres
and 50 poles by survey.
Now on consideration of the premises and for the purpose of making and consummating said
partition, the said Winder McGavock hereby releases, relinquishes said claims and conveys
unto the said Hattie M Cowan, all the right title Claims and interest that he has by descent, divise and otherwise in and to the first and second of the above mentioned and described tracts
of land containing respectively 205 acres and 50 poles and 2 acres and 30 poles to her, her
heirs and assigns, an indefeasible estate in fee simple. And in consideration of the premises
and for the purpose of one said, the said Hattie M Cowan and her husband Geo L. Cowan
hereby release, relinquish, quit claim and convey unto the said Winder McGavock all the right,
title and claim and interest that they or either of them have by descent device or otherwise in
and to the third of the above named and described tract of land containing 240 acres and 50
poles, to him, his heirs and assigns as a indefeasible estate in fee simple But in as much as in
the division and partition of said land, the said Winder McGavock has received by estimate
Fourteen hundred and seventy six and 25/100 dollars, part of said indebtedness, and for the
residue of $257 79/100 he has this day executed to her his promissory note due and payable
one day after date, for the security and payment of which here hereby gives and acknowledges
a lien in favor of the said Hattie M. Cowan and said tract of 240 acres and 50 poles until the
same is paid.
In Testimony whereof the parties have hereto signed their name the day and date above written.
Winder McGavock
Hattie M. Y. Cowan
Geo. L. Cowan
85
APPENDIX D:
U.S. CENSUS REPORTS
1860
[Carnton]
Member
McGavock, John
McGavock, Caroline E.
McGavock, Martha
McGavock, Hattie
McGavock, Winder
S
e
x
M
F
F
F
M
Age
44
28
10
5
3
Race
W
M
M
M
M
Place of
Birth
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
S
e
x
M
F
F
M
M
M
F
F
M
M
F
F
Age
14
25
1
3
5
18
39
13
55
11
12
12
Race
W
M
M
M
M
B
W
W
W
W
W
W
Place of
Birth
LA
TN
TN
TN
TN
TN
LA
TN
TN
TN
LA
LA
Notes
1870
Household # 204 [Carnton]
Member
Akland, William
Bostick, Bettie
Bostick, Cloa
Bostick, Edward
Bostick, Virgil
McConnico, Dan
McGavock, Caroline
McGavock, Hattie
McGavock, John
McGavock, Wilder
Story, Shirley
Wirtzenbury, Virginia
Notes
Domestic Servant
Farm Laborer
Farming
86
1880
Household #5 [Carnton]
Member
S
e
x
McGavock, Col. John
M
McGavock, Carrie
F
McGavock, Hattie
F
McGavock, Van Winder [sic]
Age
Race
Place of
Birth
Notes
W
TN
Head
W
MS [sic]
Wife
W
TN
Daughter
M
65
51
[sic]
25
[sic]
23
sic]
W
TN
Son
Kenning, William
M
13
W
LA
Orphan
Durand, Victor
M
11
W
France
Orphan
Kenning, Harry
M
11
W
LA
Orphan
Notes
1900
Household #85
[Windermere]
Member
S
e
x
Age
Race
Place of
Birth
Cowan, George L
M
57
W
Ire.
Head
Cowan, Hattie M.
F
44
W
TN
Wife
Cowan, Carrie W.
F
15
W
TN
Daughter
Cowan, John M.
M
13
W
TN
Son
Cowan, Leah
F
11
W
TN
Daughter
Cowan, Samuel
M
9
W
TN
Son
Cowan, Winder M.
M
7
W
TN
Son
Member
S
e
x
Age
Race
Place of
Birth
Notes
McGavock, Carrie
F
70
W
MS
Head
Miller, Walter
M
13
W
LA
Servant
Allen, Annie
F
45
W
TN
Boarder
Inez [sic]
F
19
W
TN
Boarder
Household #88 [Carnton]
87
1910
Household #153
[Windermere]
Member
Se
x
Age
Race
Place of
Birth
Notes
Cowan, George L
M
67
W
Ireland
Head
Cowan, Hattie M.
F
54
W
TN
Wife
Cowan, Carrie W.
F
25
W
TN
Daughter
Cowan, Leah
F
21
W
TN
Daughter
Cowan, Samuel
M
19
W
TN
Son
Cowan, Winder M.
M
17
W
TN
Son
Member
Se
x
Age
Race
Place of
Birth
Kinnard, Claiborne H.
M
35
TN
Occupation, None
Kinnard, Porter
F
35
AR
Wife
Kinnard, Claiborne, Jr.
M
7
TN
Son
Kinnard, Amis
M
4
TN
Son
Member
Se
x
Age
Race
Place of
Birth
Kinnard, Claiborne H.
M
45
W
TN
Occupation, None
Kinnard, Porter
F
45
W
AR
Wife
Kinnard, Claiborne, Jr.
M
17
W
TN
Son
Kinnard, Amis
M
14
W
TN
Kincaid, George
M
68
W
TN
Son
Born 1862, listed as
"servant," divorced
1920
Household #364
[Windermere]
Notes
1930 [Windermere]
Notes
88
1940 [Windermere]
Member
Se
x
Age
Race
Place of
Birth
Notes
Kinnard, Claiborne H.
M
55
W
TN
Head
Kinnard, Porter
F
45
W
AR
Wife
Kinnard, Amis
M
23
W
TN
Son
89
Endnotes
1
Details of McGavock/Cowan wedding in: Cowan File, Battle of Franklin Center Archives (hereafter
FCA), Carnton Plantation, Franklin, TN; John McGavock Family Bible, available at http://
www.biblerecords.com/mcgavock.html; Marriage Records, 1800-1899, Williamson County Archives
(hereafter WCA), Franklin, TN.
2
Cowan File, FCA. George L. Cowan was listed as living in 139 South Spruce Street, Nashville, in the
1884 and 1885 Nashville City Directory. Deeds from John McGavock to Winder and Hattie McGavock in
Williamson County Deed Books, Mf. Roll No. 153, Volume 11, p. 166, 1885, Williamson County Archives, Franklin, TN.
3
“George Cowan,” Williamson County Heritage Foundation. Image available at: http://www.flickr.com/
photos/heritagefoundationfranklin/4796801836/.
“Hattie Mcg Cowan,” Williamson County Heritage Foundation, image available at: http://www.flickr.com/
photos/heritagefoundationfranklin/3785700573/sizes/o/in/photostream/
4
Tax records in Williamson County Trustee Tax Books, Mf Roll 300, 1887, District 9, WCA. Nashville
City Directory, 1886.
5
Will of John McGavock, Williamson County Will Books, Mf Roll No. 96, Will Book 20, p. 509, WCA.
6
Williamson County Deed Books, Mf Roll No. 154, Vol. 12, p. 318, 1887, WCA. Williamson County Trustee Tax Books, Mf Roll 300, 1887, District 9, WCA.
7
Williamson County Deed Books, Mf Roll No. 154, Vol. 12, p. 318, 1887, WCA. Williamson County Trustee Tax Books, Mf Rolls 300-302, 1887-1892, District 9, WCA. John Allison, ed., Notable Men of Tennessee: Personal and Genealogical Portraits, Vol. 1(Atlanta, GA: Southern Historical Association, 1905),
138-139.
8
Photo from Williamson County Heritage Foundation. http://www.flickr.com/photos/
heritagefoundationfranklin/5765185801/sizes/o/in/photostream/. Birth dates of the Cowan children from
Robert Gray, The McGavock Family: A Genealogical History of James McGavock and His Descendants
from 1760 to 1903 (Richmond, VA: William Ellis Jones, 1903), 74.
9
Consulted maps include:
Confederate Engineer Major Wilbur F. Foster’s map of the 1864 Battle of Franklin, Williamson County
Heritage Foundation, http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefoundationfranklin/4724266721/sizes/l/in/
photostream/;
“Battle-field in front of Franklin,” The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the
Union and Confederate Armies (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1890), Atlas, Ser. I, Vol.
45.
“Field works at Franklin, Tenn., occupied by the 23d and 4th corps during engagement of Nov. 30th
1864, Maj. Gen. J. M. Schofield, comdg.,” Civil War Maps, Library of Congress, http://www.loc.gov/
item/2003627083
G.H Blakeslee, “Franklin—Tenn. profield (sic) June 1863 (sic),” Franklin--Tenn. profield [sic] June 1863 /
Civil War Maps, Library of Congress, http://www.loc.gov/item/2003630448
90
“Map of Williamson County, Tenn.,” D.G. Beers and Co., 1878. Map Collection, Williamson County
Archives, Franklin, TN.
“Sketch Showing the Disposition of the Cavalry Corps, Military Division of the Miss., Bvt. Maj. Gen.
James H. Wilson Commanding at the Battle of Franklin, Tenn., November 30, 1864,” O.R., Ser. I, Vol.
45, Pt. 1, p 560.
W.E. Merrill, “Battlefield in front of Franklin, Tenn.,” Civil War Maps, Library of Congress, available at:
http://www.loc.gov/item/99448853Battlefield in front of Franklin, Tenn., November 30th, 1864
W.E. Merrill, “Battlefield in front of Franklin, Tenn. where the United States forces, consisting of the 4th &
23rd Corps and the Cavalry Corps M.D.M., all under the command of Maj. Gen'l. J. M. Schofield, severely repulsed the Confederate army, commanded by Lt. Gen'l Hood, November 30th 1864,” Civil War
Maps, Library of Congress, http://www.loc.gov/item/99448852; Original map image in Century Illustrated
Monthly Magazine 34 (August 1887): 602.
10
Following are synopses and excerpts from the five known contracts between the McGavocks and
freedmen for goods and services to be performed on family property:
A. On November 28, 1865, Carrie McGavock and John McGavock signed into a contract with
freedman Billy Miller, to have Billy Miller’s fourteen year-old daughter Mary Miller work for
the McGavocks for all of 1866, in exchange for fifty dollars, food, and clothes. Rick Warwick,
compiler, Freedom and Work in the Reconstruction Era: The Freedmen’s Bureau Labor
Contracts of Williamson County, Tennessee (Franklin, TN: Williamson County Heritage
Foundation, 2006), 58-59.
B. January 1, 1866, John McGavock and freedman Thomas Neely contracted to have
McGavock pay Neely $170 by the first of 1877, in exchange for work. No mention was made
of housing. Warwick, Freedom and Work in the Reconstruction Era: The Freedmen’s Bureau Labor Contracts of Williamson County, 130.
C. On January 1, 1866, John McGavock contracted with James Kinnard and wife Bettie, Henry
Mosley, Lewis Kinnard, and John Lanier. McGavock was to provide “one hundred acres of
tillable land, waters for the second party, they building the same themselves…” The land
was to be at least sixty acres of cotton and tobacco, with the remainder in corn. McGavock
was to receive at year’s end “twenty five pounds of gined [sic] or linto cotton per acre rent”
and “five dollars rent per acre” of corn. The second patty was to “work and cultivate the said
Land under the supervision and direction of the first party…” James Kinnard and Henry
Mosley signed, both marking with an X. Warwick, Freedom and Work in the Reconstruction
Era: The Freedmen’s Bureau Labor Contracts of Williamson County, 168.
D. January 6, 1866, John McGavock contracted to and Miles McConnico and his wife Franky
Do “land to cultivate, quarters to live in, and fuel supply for self, teams and utensils, and
feed for teams.” McConnico would also receive seven dollars a month throughout 1866, and
keep one third of the crops he grew. It was mentioned that the couple had children, but Ms.
Do was to “perform all Kitchen Yard and household work for the coming year and to maintain a quiet orderly and respectful demeanor…” Warwick, Freedom and Work in the Reconstruction Era: The Freedmen’s Bureau Labor Contracts of Williamson County, 132.
E. On January 16th, 1866, John McGavock and freedman Daniel Kinard signed a contract to
have Mr. Kinard give one half of his crop from “land set apart for him.” In exchange, Kinard,
his wife, and daughter would receive “Quarters and fuel” as well as “land and teams and
utensils to cultivate said land.” The contract also stipulated that Kinard was to keep “the
most perfect order and good behavior in his household…” and to “keep in good repair the
91
fence around the field he cultivates. Warwick, Freedom and Work in the Reconstruction Era:
The Freedmen’s Bureau Labor Contracts of Williamson County, 115.
11
One story, written in 1991, stated Windermere was “built by John McGavock in 1870 for his daughter
Elizabeth.” But existing evidence, especially the U.S. Census reports of 1870 and 1880 clearly refute
this - Deborah M. Blakely, “Martlesham Heath,” Nashville Business and Lifestyle, March 1, 1991.
12
Following are primary and secondary sources consulted concerning wartime Franklin that mention
structures within 1.5 kilometers of present day Windermere, none of which mention a structure where
Windermere now stands:
“Army Correspondence,” The Daily Cleveland Herald, May 02, 1863.
Robert W. Bank, The Battle of Franklin, November 30, 1864 (New York: Neale Publishing, 1908).
Robert Beasecker, ed., “I Hope to do My Country Service”: The Civil War Letters of John Bennitt, M.D.,
Surgeon, 19th Michigan Infantry (Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press, 2005), 105-107.
J.E. Brant, History of the Eighty-Fifth [Indiana Volunteer Infantry Regiment]: Its Organization, Campaigns, and Battles (Bloomington, IN: Cravens Bros., 1902).
Frank A. Burr and Talcot Williams, The Battle of Franklin (Philadelphia, PA: 1883).
Barbara Butler Davis, ed., Affectionately Yours: The Civil War Home-Front Letters of the Ovid Butler
Family (Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society Press, 2004).
Jacob D. Cox, The Battle of Franklin, November 30, 1864, A Monograph (New York: Charles Scribners’
Sons, 1897).
Diaries of Dr. Samuel Henderson and Judge John H. Henderson, Unpublished manuscript, WCA.
Ty L. Dilliplane, “Fort Granger (Franklin, TN): A Study of Its Past and Proposal for Its Future,” PhD diss.,
Vanderbilt University, 1974.
Richard C. Fulcher, The Battle of Franklin and the Civil War Years (Brentwood, TN: Fulcher Publishing,
1999).
Robert G. Hartje, Van Dorn: The Life and Times of a Confederate General (Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt
University Press, 1967).
History, Organization, Marches, Campings, General Service and Final Muster Out of Battery M, First
Regiment, Illinois Light Artillery (Princeton, IL: Mercer and Dean, 1892).
Eric A. Jacobson and Richard A. Rupp, For Cause and for Country: A Study of the Affair at Spring Hill
and the Battle of Franklin (Franklin, TN: O’More Publishing, 2007).
Carey C. Jewell, Harvest of Death: A Detailed Account of the Army of Tennessee at the Battle of Franklin (Hicksville, NY: Exposition Press, 1976).
Glenn V. Longacre and John E. Haas, eds., To Battle for God and the Right: The Civil War Letterbooks
of Emerson Opdycke (Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2003).
92
David R. Logsdon, ed., Eyewitnesses at the Battle of Franklin (Nashville, TN: Kettle Mills Press, 2005).
Charles Marshall’s account of April 10, 1863 battle in Franklin from the Franklin Review Appeal, August
23, 1923.
Morgan Marshall, The Battle of Franklin (Franklin, TN: Press of the News, 1931).
Francis McAdams, Every-day Soldier Life: Or, a History of the One Hundred and Thirteenth Ohio
(Columbus, OH: Charles M. Cott, 1884).
James Lee McDonough and Thomas L. Connelly, Five Tragic Hours: The Battle of Franklin (Knoxville,
TN: University of Tennessee Press, 1996).
William J. McMurray, History of the Twentieth Tennessee Regiment Volunteer Infantry (Nashville, TN:
1904)
Sallie McNutt’s account of April 10, 1863 battle in Franklin from the Franklin Review Appeal, November
30, 1922.
Charles A. Partridge, ed., History of the Ninety-Sixth Regiment Illinois Volunteer Infantry (Chicago,
1887).
John Shellenberger, The Battle of Franklin, Tennessee: November 30, 1864 (Cleveland, OH: Arthur
Clark, 1916).
Wiley Sword, Embrace an Angry Wind: The Confederates’ Last Hurrah (New York: Harper-Collins,
1992).
The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate
Armies (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1880-1901), Ser. 1, Vol. 23, Pt. 1, pp. 222-230;
Ser. 1, Vol. 23, Pt. 2, pp.113, 120-121, 127, 232-233, 297-298, 359-361, 416; OR Ser. 1, Vol. 32, Pt. 2,
pp. 90-91 (hereafter referred to as O.R.).
Rick Warwick, Williamson County: Civil War Veterans-Their Reunions and Photographs (Franklin, TN:
Williamson County Heritage Foundation, 2007).
Rick Warwick, ed., Williamson County in Black and White (Franklin, TN: Williamson County Historical
Society, 2000).
Rick Warwick, compiler, Williamson County: The Civil War as Seen through the Female Experience
(Franklin, TN: William County Heritage Foundation, 2008).
Rick Warwick, compiler, Williamson County: The Civil War Years Revealed Through Letters, Diaries,
and Memoirs (Franklin, TN: Williamson County Heritage Foundation, 2006), 150.
13
“Windermere” appears in George L. Cowan’s 1909 offer to sell the home and its property (see below). Unsubstantiated story of Felix Winder and his mother Martha Grundy Winder building Windermere from Donna O’Neil,
“Hellers, Land Trust Celebrate Protection of Windermere,” Williamson Herald, June 5, 2012.
14
U.S. Census, 1860, Williamson County, Tennessee, District 1.
15
“Windermere” appears in George L. Cowan’s 1909 offer to sell the home and its property (see below). Unsubstantiated story of Felix Winder and his mother Martha Grundy Winder building Windermere from Donna O’Neil,
“Hellers, Land Trust Celebrate Protection of Windermere,” Williamson Herald, June 5, 2012.
93
16
Williamson County losses at Shiloh from Michael Cotten, Williamson County Confederates (Franklin,
TN: Unpublished manuscript, Williamson County Archives, 1996), and William J. McMurray, History of
the Twentieth Tennessee Regiment Volunteer Infantry (Nashville, TN: 1904).
17
Civil War Reunions, Center for Civil War Research, Mississippi University, available at: http://
www.civilwarcenter.olemiss.edu/reunions.html.
James A. Marten, Sing Not War: The Lives of Union and Confederate Veterans in Gilded Age America
(Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2011), 125-157.
Rick Warwick, Williamson County: Civil War Veterans-Their Reunions and Photographs (Franklin, TN:
Williamson County Heritage Foundation, 2007), 22-28.
18
For area losses in the Civil War, see: Michael Cotten, Williamson County Confederates (Franklin, TN:
Unpublished manuscript, Williamson County Archives, 1996), and William J. McMurray, History of the
Twentieth Tennessee Regiment Volunteer Infantry (Nashville, TN: 1904).
For military engagements in the area of Franklin, see: Richard Carlton Fulcher, compiler, Civil War Battles and Skirmishes in Williamson County, Tennessee (Franklin, TN: Unpublished manuscript, Williamson County Archives, 2000), and O.R., Ser. 1, Vol. 23, Pt. 1, p. 222-230; Ser. 1, Vol. 23 Pt. 2, p.113.
19
Eric A Jacobson and Richard A. Rupp, For Cause and for Country: A Study of the Affair at Spring Hill
and the Battle of Franklin (Franklin, TN: O’More Publishing, 2007), 394-397, 411-412, 432, 434;
Jacobson and Rupp, Baptism of Fire: The 44th Missouri, 175th Ohio, and 183rd Ohio at the Battle of
Franklin (Franklin, TN: O’More Publishing, 2011), 89, 91.
James Lee McDonough and Thomas L. Connelly, Five Tragic Hours: The Battle of Franklin (Knoxville,
TN: University of Tennessee Press, 1983), 164-168.
File No. 1992.32, Battle of Franklin Trust Manuscript Collection, FCA.
20
Warwick, Williamson County: Civil War Veterans-Their Reunions and Photographs, 22-28.
21
“An Act to appropriate the sum of nine hundred dollars for the purpose of placing head stones over the
graves of the Mississippi dead in the McGavock Confederate Cemetery at Franklin, Tennesseee,” Laws
of the State of Mississippi, Passed at a Regular Session of the Mississippi Legislature , Held in the City
of Jackson, Commencing January 5, 1892, and Ending April 2, 1892 (Jackson, MS: R.H. Henry, 1892),
24-25;
David Currey, “The Virtuous Soldier: Constructing a Usable Confederate Past in Franklin, Tennessee,”
in Monuments to the Lost Cause: Women, Art, and the Landscapes of Southern Memory, Cynthia Mills
and Pamela H. Simpson, eds. (Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 2004), 140;
Journal of the House of Representatives of the State of Alabama, Session of 1900-01 (Montgomery, AL:
A. Roemer, 1901), 317-319;
Eric A. Jacobson, The McGavock Confederate Cemetery (Nashville: Vaughan Printing, 2007),
32-33. Jacobson also offers strong evidence that George Cowan, in addition to raising funds for new
headstones, may have also altered Carrie McGavock’s log book of burials at the Confederate, changing
several “unknown” designations to known dead, assertions that Cowan could not have definitively made.
Jacobson hypothesizes that the alterations may have been Cowan’s attempt to help family members
find closer, when bodies of their relatives could not be found among the dead of Franklin (see Jacobson,
McGavock Confederate Cemetery, 40-44).
94
22
McGavock’s Cemetery, circa 1866, Williamson County Heritage Foundation, available at: http://
www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefoundationfranklin/5765174307/sizes/o/in/photostream/
Later image of McGavock Cemetery with stone markers in place from Williamson County Heritage Foundation, image available at: http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefoundationfranklin/5303406707/sizes/o/
in/photostream/
23
“Confederate Cemetery Taken from Windermere, circa 1899,” Williamson County Heritage
Foundation, available at:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefoundationfranklin/5306885944/sizes/m/in/photostream/
24
“The Franklin Reunion,” Nashville Daily American, September 18, 1891, p. 7.
25
Warwick, Williamson County: Civil War Veterans- Their Reunions, and Photographs, 31-39.
“Confederate Monument at Franklin,” Confederate Veteran 8 (January 1900): 5.
Cowan File, Battle of Franklin Trust Manuscript Collection, FCA.
David Currey, “The Virtuous Soldier: Constructing a Usable Confederate Past in Franklin, Tennessee,”
in Monuments to the Lost Cause: Women, Art, and the Landscapes of Southern Memory, Cynthia Mills
and Pamela H. Simpson, eds. (Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 2004), 133-146.
(Franklin) Review Appeal, February 23, 1911, p. 5.
26
“UDC Ladies,” Williamson County Heritage Foundation. Image available at: http://www.flickr.com/
photos/heritagefoundationfranklin/5306878596/sizes/o/in/photostream/
27
Tax records in Williamson County Trustee Tax Books, Mf Roll 302, 1893, 1894, District 9, WCA. John
McGavock’s death noted in John McGavock Family Bible, available at: http://www.biblerecords.com/
mcgavock.html, and “Col. John McGavock,” Nashville Banner, June 8, 1893.
McGavock’s will executed on August 26, 1893, Williamson County Deed Books, Mf. Roll No. 156, Volume 16, pp. 538-40, WCA.
28
Tax records in Williamson County Trustee Tax Books, Mf Roll 303, 1896, District 9, WCA.
29
Image of Windermere from Williamson County Heritage Foundation, available at http://www.flickr.com/
photos/heritagefoundationfranklin/5765733178/in/photostream.
Birthdates of McGavock children from Gray, The McGavock Family, 74.
30
“Missouri Delegation,” Williamson County News, June 25th, 1897, transcribed in Rick Warwick, compiler, Williamson County: Civil War Veterans- Their Reunions and Photographs (Franklin, TN: Williamson County Heritage Foundation, 2007), 41-42.
31
David Currey, “The Virtuous Soldier: Constructing a Usable Confederate Past in Franklin, Tennessee,”
in Monuments to the Lost Cause: Women, Art, and the Landscapes of Southern Memory, Cynthia Mills
and Pamela H. Simpson, eds. (Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 2004), 143-146.
(Franklin) Review Appeal, Dec, 7, 1899, p. 1.
32
“Franklin UDC Aug 28, 1900,” Williamson County Heritage Foundation. Image available at: http://
www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefoundationfranklin/6904890519/
95
33
Cowan File, FCA; Allison, ed., Notable Men of Tennessee: Personal and Genealogical Portraits, Vol.
1, 138-139; Confederate Veteran 27 (1919): 468; Louise P. Dolliver, Lineage Book - National Society of
the Daughters of the American Revolution, Vol. 21 (Harrisburg, PA: Telegraph Printing Co., 1906), 259.
Williamson County Trustee Tax Books, Mf Roll 1893, District 9, WCA.
34
(Franklin) Review Appeal, October 13, 1910, p. 1; (Franklin) Review Appeal, February 23, 1911, p. 5;
Warwick, Williamson County: Civil War Veterans- Their Reunions and Photographs, 57-60.
35
1910 Franklin City Directory (Cowan does not appear in this, though scores of Franklin residents and
many businesses are listed). 1910 County-level U.S. Census information from the University of Virginia
Library Historical Census Browser, available at: http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu/. 2010 Urban/rural percentages from U.S. Census Bureau, Geography Division, “Percent urban and rural in 2010 by state and
county,” available at: http://www.census.gov/geo/www/ua/2010urbanruralclass.html#percent
36
Williamson County Trustee Tax Books, 9th District, 1909-1914, WCA; 1910 Williamson County Census, 9th District, House #153.
37
Middle Tennessee Traction Co. v George L. Cowan et al (1913), Williamson County Circuit-Civil Court,
Mf Roll #19, WCA.
37
Williamson County Trustee Tax Records, District 9, 1913, 1914, 1915 (See Appendix B);
Sandra N. Rice, “A Land Rich in History,” A History of Heath Place, available at:
https://heathplaceatcarnton.com/uploads/Heath_Place_History.pdf; Confederate Veteran 27 (1919),
468.
39
Williamson County Trustee Tax Books, 9th District, 1914, 1915, WCA.
40
James A. Crutchfield and Robert Holladay, Franklin: Tennessee’s Handsomest Town, A Bicentennial
History, 1799-1999 (Franklin, TN: Hillsboro Press, 1999), 226.
Williamson County Trustee Tax Books, 9th District, 1916-1919, WCA.
“Who’s Who in Williamson County,” (Franklin) Review Appeal , January 14, 1937.
41
Williamson County Trustee Tax Books, 9th District, 1920-1928, WCA. Mrs. Porter Kinnard first paid a
poll tax in 1922.
Crutchfield and Holladay, Franklin: Tennessee’s Handsomest Town, 226.
Willow Plunge opening described in (Franklin) Review Appeal, June 19, 1924.
Rice, “A Land Rich in History,” available at: https://heathplaceatcarnton.com/uploads/
Heath_Place_History.pdf
42
Crutchfield and Holladay, 226.
43
Courtney P. Fint, “The American Summer Youth Camp as a Cultural Landscape,” in Cultural Landscapes: Balancing Nature and Heritage in Preservation Practice, Richard Longstreth, ed. (Minneapolis,
MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2008), 73-75;
Wiltse, Contested Waters: A Social History of Swimming Pools in America (Charlotte, NC: University of
North Carolina Press, 2010), 90.
44
Wiltse, Contested Waters, 90.
96
45
Ibid.
46
“Willow Plunge 3,” Williamson County Heritage Foundation. Image available at: http://www.flickr.com/
photos/heritagefoundationfranklin/6003139704/
47
Hudson Alexander, “Trip down memory lane leads to Willow Plunge,” Williamson Herald (Franklin,
TN), March 1, 2007, B4. Crutchfield and Holladay, 226; Warwick, Historical Markers of Williamson
County, Tennessee (Nashville, TN: Panacea Press, 2010), 225; Wiltse, 73, 97, 107. “Who’s Who in Williamson County,” (Franklin) Review Appeal , January 14, 1937.
48
Tennessee Electric Power Company v. C.H. Kinnard et al (1930), Williamson County Circuit-Civil Court
Records, 1900s, Mf 20, WCA. 1933 Franklin City Directory, 1933-34; Franklin City Directory, 1910.
49
“Willow Plunge,” Williamson County Heritage Foundation, image available at: http://www.flickr.com/
photos/heritagefoundationfranklin/4796806975/sizes/o/in/photostream/
See also: (Franklin) Review Appeal, May 14, 1936; (Franklin) Review Appeal June 10, 1943.
50
Interview of Jimmy Gentry by G. Kurt Piehler and Kelly Hammond, for the Veterans Oral History Project, center for the Study of War and Society, History Department, University of Tennessee at Knoxville,
July 22, 2000, transcript available at: http://web.utk.edu/~csws/interviews/gentry.pdf
C.H. Kinnard IV’s entry into the Army Air Force note in “C.H. Kinnard, Industry Head, War Hero,
Dies,” (Franklin) Review Appeal, September 22, 1966, p. 1, 3A.
51
Service information on C.H. Kinnard, Jr. from:
Air Force Magazine (May 2005); 87.
“Claiborne H. Kinnard, Jr.,” MilitaryTimes.com, available at:
http://militarytimes.com/citations-medals-awards/recipient.php?recipientid=23105
“C.H. Kinnard, Industry Head, War Hero, Dies,” (Franklin) Review Appeal, September 22, 1966, p. 1, 3A;
Norman J. Fortier, An Ace of the Eighth: An American Fighter Pilot’s Air War in Europe (New York: Random House Digital, Inc., 2003), 243;
Eric M. Hammel, Air War Europa Chronology (Pacifica, CA: Pacifica Military History, 1994), 335;
52*
Obituary of C.H. Kinnard, Sr. in “C.H. Kinnard Dies at His Home Here Tuesday Morning," (Franklin)
Review Appeal, August 5, 1948, p. 1.
53
Deborah M. Blakely, “Martlesham Heath,” Nashville Business and Lifestyle, March 1, 1991.
Kevin Walters, “Battle of Franklin site expands with new conservation easement,” The Tennessean,
June 29, 2012.
54
Deborah M. Blakely, “Martlesham Heath,” Nashville Business and Lifestyle, March 1, 1991.
Rice, “A Land Rich in History,” available at: https://heathplaceatcarnton.com/uploads/
Heath_Place_History.pdf;
Williamson County Trustee Tax Books, 1930-1961, District 9, WCA. See Appendix B.
97
55
“C.H. Kinnard, Industry Head, War Hero, Dies,” (Franklin) Review Appeal, September 22, 1966, p. 1,
3A.
56
“C.H. Kinnard, Industry Head, War Hero, Dies,” (Franklin) Review Appeal, September 22, 1966, p. 1,
3A.
Jimmie Lewis, “Civil Rights Movement,” in Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture, Carroll Van
West, editor (Nashville, TN: Rutledge Press, 1998), 163-168.
Municipal pool integration was a major and divisive issue during the Civil Rights era. Preceding Brown v.
Board of Education, African American activists in Missouri pushed for desegregation of St. Louis municipal pools in 1950 and Kansas City in 1952, winning both cases under the auspices of the Fourteenth
Amendment. William Turner, a resident of Hopkinsville, Kentucky during the segregation era, recalled
“Our first swimming pool opened here in 1922…and it was definitely segregated. It would become Carter
Swimming Pool later, and I would say that it was not integrated until the late ‘60s.” Turner recalled that a
local Kiwanis club, in the name of philanthropy, held an annual fundraiser from 1948 to the 1950s to
fund a local pool for African Americans. Ironically, he notes, it was a minstrel show, and the white entertainers performed in blackface.
Missouri desegregation of pools in Richard S. Kirkendall, A History of Missouri, 1919-1953 (Columbia,
MO: University of Missouri Press, 1986), 368.
William Turner quoted in Catherine Fosl and Tracy E. K’Meyer, Freedom on the Border: And Oral History of the Civil Rights Movement in Kentucky (Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 2009),
available at: http://books.google.com/books?
id=bnj0JHhoZ4oC&printsec=frontcover&dq=freedom+on+the+border&hl=en&sa=X&ei=IXu7UPaqFIjA9g
SsvIGwAg&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAQ.
See also, Jeff Wiltse, Contested Waters: A Social History of Swimming Pools in America (Charlotte, NC:
University of North Carolina Press, 2010).
57
Image of Ruth M. Kinnard from the Williamson County Heritage Foundation, image available at: http://
www.flickr.com/photos/heritagefoundationfranklin/4796876167/
58
Ruth M. Kinnard , Williamson County Heritage Foundation, available at: http://www.flickr.com/photos/
heritagefoundationfranklin/4796876167/
“Women's Law Association Honors Women in Tennessee Judiciary,” Vanderbilt Office of News and Public Affairs, January 14, 1997, available at: http://www.vanderbilt.edu/News/register/Feb26_96/story6.html
Ruth Kinnard’s accomplishments also noted in Norman J. Fortier, An Ace of the Eighth: An American
Fighter Pilot’s Air War in Europe (New York: Random House Digital, Inc., 2003), 243.
59
“Williamson County Highway Department, Chamber of Commerce, Franklin, Tenn. Jan. 1977,” Vertical
Files, Map Files, Williamson County Maps, WCA.
“Map of Williamson County, Tennessee, Williamson County Chamber of Commerce Street Map, September 1, 1983,” Vertical Files, Map Files, Williamson County Maps, WCA.
Deborah M. Blakely, “Martlesham Heath,” Nashville Business and Lifestyle, March 1, 1991.
For a glossed-over view of the history of Heath Place, see “Heath Place at Carnton,” a home-owners
association overview, available at: https://heathplaceatcarnton.com/Local_History.html
60
Deborah M. Blakely, “Martlesham Heath,” Nashville Business and Lifestyle, March 1, 1991.
98
61
Jacobson and Rupp, For Cause and For Country, 434;
Joe Morris, Nashville, Tennessee: A Photographic Portrait (Rockport, MA: Twin Lights Publishers,
2010), 53;
“Carnton,” National Park Service, Database for the National Register of Historic Places, available at:
http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/natregsearchresult.do?fullresult=true&recordid=12
62
“Franklin’s Charge: A Vision for Reclaiming America’s Battlefield,” available at: http://
www.franklinscharge.com/
Greg L. Wade, “Franklin, Tenn., Officials Approve $2.5M Matching Funds For Land,” Civil War News,
(April 2005), available at: http://www.civilwarnews.com/archive/articles/franklin_fund_approval.htm
63
Kevin Walters, “Battle of Franklin site expands with new conservation easement,” The Tennessean,
June 29, 2012.
Donna O’Neil, “Hellers, Land Trust celebrate protection of Windermere property,” Williamson (County)
Herald, June 5, 2012.
64
For a glossed view of the history of Heath Place, see “Heath Place at Carnton,” a home-owners association overview, available at: https://heathplaceatcarnton.com/Local_History.html
99
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100
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102