Teenage Issues and Challenges

Teenage Issues and
Challenges:
Policies, Programs
and Services
3rd National Counseling Conferen
2016
20-21 April, 2016
1
Introduction
Population Profile
Teenage Issues & Challenges
-Research findings
Interventions :
- Policies
- Programs & Services
The Way Forward
Conclusion
2
Population (2010)
: 28.3 million
Age Distribution (2010)
0-14 years
: 27.6% (7.8 million)
15-24 years
: 20.2% (5.7 million)
25-59 years
: 44.5% (12.6 million)
60-74 years
: 6.0% (1.7 million)
75+
: 1.7% (0.48 million)
Sex Distribution
Male
: 51.4%
Female
: 48.6%
Population growth rate
(2006-2010)
: 1.3%
Median age (2008)
: 24.8 years
Note: Statistics Department, Malaysia
3
YEAR
10-19 YEARS OLD
20-24 YEARS OLD
1990
18.1% (3.7 million)
26.2% (5.4 million)
2000
20.9% (4.8 million)
30.1% (6.9 million)
2010
18.9% (5.5 million)
28% (7.9 million)
2020
21.1% (6.0 million)
30.3% (8.8 million)
Source: Department of Statistics Malaysia
4
Conventional
Emerging Types of Families
Dual Career
Nuclear Families
Commuter Families
Blended Families
Extended Families
Single Member
‘Sandwich’
‘Touch n Go’
‘Double Income No Kids (DINK)’
Families At Risk
Vulnerable
Poor
Hard Core Poor
5
•
Abuse
• Neglect
Family Social Issues
•
Abandoned babies
• Morality
• Drugs
•
Delayed marriage
• Media penetration / ICT
• Influence of foreign culture
•
•
Relationship
• Infidelity
Divorce
• Communication
•
Adolescent problem
• Financial
• Work-life balance
•
Lonely
• Health
•
Economy Stability
6
Teenage Social Issues & Challenges
7
Teenage Development Senario
• Teens grow up in a rapidly changing world
their parents have never known
• The influence of the family has “weakened”
• Social behaviors are often promoted outside
of family control.
8
Teen Issues & Challenges









Teen Pregnancy
Early marriage
Abortion
Violence/Abuse
Delinquency
Substance Abuse
Mental health/disorders
Depression/Suicide
Internet Addiction Disorder
Bullying
Illegal racing
9
10
ILLEGAL RACING
“MAT REMPIT”
11
12
YEARS
STATISTICS
ABANDONED BABY
(2005-2015)
2005
67
2006
83
2007
76
2008
102
2009
79
2010
91
2011
98
2012
89
2013
90
2014
103
2015
111
TOTAL
989
BABY DUMPING
Source: PDRM
STATISTICS PREGNANT TEENAGERS
AGED 10-19 YEARS
Married
12,548
UNMARRIED
3,980
TOTAL
16,528
Source: Social Welfare Department
PREGNANT TEENAGERS
15
Pop aged 15-19 years by marital status,age & sex, Malaysia, 2010
Total: Malaysia
Age grp
Total
Never married
Marital status
Married
Widowed
Divorced/separated
JUMLAH
2,750,861
15 -19
15
16
17
18
19
Male
15
16
17
18
19
PEREMPUAN
15
16
17
18
19
2,595,549
152,835
1,420
1,057
na
610,774
517,711
565,188
531,866
525,322
547,390
502,780
546,344
507,705
491,330
62,800
14,641
18,424
23,622
33,348
1,409,162
1,335,885
72,640
318,533
266,364
292,535
266,690
265,040
280,459
259,534
284,882
257,902
253,108
37,879
6,755
7,548
8,671
11,787
1,341,699
1,259,664
80,195
292,241
251,347
272,653
265,176
260,282
266,931
243,246
261,462
249,803
238,222
24,921
7,886
10,876
14,951
21,561
434
189
246
265
286
408
132
51
69
73
83
1,012
302
138
177
192
203
na
150
101
174
274
358
229
63
24
36
44
62
828
87
77
138
230
296
Sumber : Banci Penduduk dan Perumahan MAlaysia, 2010 (Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia)
16
Teens and social media
17
Social media usage
18
CyberSAFE Report (2014)
•
• 83% do not take action to protect.
• 40% do not know how to protect.
• 2/3 (below 13 yrs) take low protection but
• 52% think they are safe.
• 70% not concerned about privacy invasion.
• 40% know online safety important but exercise low
levels of online protection.
•
64% feel that sending improper SMS-es, posting
inappropriate photos, and pretending to be someone
else is NOT cyber-bullying.
• *Source:
https://digi.cybersafe.my/CyberSAFE_Survey_Report_2014
19
OTHERS
20
Highlights of Adolescent Issues:
Fifth Malaysian Population and Family
Survey (MPFS 5-2014
21
22
23
24
25
Knowledge on Sexual Reproductive
Health
26
Knowledge on
Contraceptive
Methods
30
%
11
%
4%
Knowledge on
HIV/AIDS
Knowledge on
sexually transmitted
diseases
Knowledge on
sexual intercourse
45% of youths
know about
contraceptive
methods.
27
Social Behaviour
82.5%
81.2%
51.5%
31.9%
31.2%
15.3%
11.6%
2.0%
3.7%
Drug
Racing
Glue
Abuse
Sniffing
Club/
Disco
0.2%
4.6%
0.3%
Alcohol Snooker Smoking
Use
Night
Life
Karaoke Assoc. / Sports Religious
Activity
Volunteer
28
Topics of Conversation Between Parents
and Children (13-24 yrs)
Women
Men
28
29
Family Problems Faced by Parents
Women
Men
29
Research
Study on Health Status of Youth
in Malaysia, MOH, LPPKN, 2010
:
• 40.0% have seen phornographic
materials
• 28.5% have masturbated
• 6.5% have had sex
• 2.3% had experienced STI infection
30
2011
31
32
admitted to have had sex
33
Faktor
SRH
Knowledge
ii. Self control
older: 19 – 24 tahun
R
Outside formal edyu institution
R
Not staying with family
R
Family structure (single parent/ blended)
R
P
SRH knowledge
-ve attitude towardsSRH
R
Risky lifestyle
R
Low self-control
R
Substance abuse
R
Nota :
34
Penentuan Faktor Risiko dan Pelindung Berdasarkan Analisis Regresi
Faktor
iii. Family
iv. Peers
Commumication n close family ties
P
Good family functioning
P
Fam invovlement
P
Substance abuse
R
Sexual behavior
R
Lack integrity
R
v. School
Poor sch connectivity
R
vi. Community
Positive environment
vii. Source of
information
High electronic media usage
High print media usage
P
R
P
35
Teenage involvement in premarital sex
36
Risk and protective factors for premarital sex among
adolescents in East Malaysia
INDIVIDUAL
P: The strength of my religious belief is the main
barrier for me to have sex before legal marriage
according to my religious practice
P: High knowledge of SRH
R: Age (older)
R: Risky lifestyle behaviours (dating, clubbing)
R: Risky lifestyle behaviour (alcohol) (Sabah)
R: Read/watch pornography
R: Religion does not influence or interfere with my
sexual attitude and behaviour
FAMILY
P: Hours spent without parents’ supervision ≤5 hours
(Sabah)
R: Negative family attachment
PEER
R: Having friends/peers who were smoking (Sabah)
R: Having friends /peers who had premarital sex
COMMUNITY
P: Involvement in community activities
Premarital
sex
NPFDB (Min of Women, Fam &
Community Development
VISION
Centre of Excellence for Population and
Family
MISSION
Spearing an innovative population and
family agenda through policies, familydemographic research, programs and
services
38
Interventions
• Policies
• Programs
• Services
39
GOAL
National Family Policy
40
National Family Policy
Strategic Thrust
To
increase
the
of various stakeholders to
prioritize the “family perspective” in all socioeconomic development efforts.
To ensure that laws, policies, procedures and
enforcement of laws
that programmes, services and
family-friendly facilities are accessible.
41
Reproductive Health and Social Education Policy
(PEKERTI- Pendidikan Kesihatan Reproduktif dan Sosial)
42
43
EDUCATION
FAMILY
PEERS
Possible contributory factors
of Adolescent problem behavior
SELF
MEDIA
,
44
COMMUNITY
45
MODULE: Adolescent Reproductive
Health
46
47
Activity of what am I doing to myselfconsequences of drug abuse.
Grp activity- ‘Kami Adalah Pembina
Jambatan’.
Pre test of SRH
Module for Boys
Activity on 3 Rs- respect,
relationship n responsibility
Objective
As an adolescent friendly center to
run programmes that can improve
adolescent health, physical, mental
and social with special focus on RH.
• Clinical Services
• Counselling
• Psychosexual programmes :
- Teen Chat
- Teen Talk
- Workshops/ Seminars/
Forums
Pulau Pinang
Kuala Lumpur
N. Sembilan
Kelantan
Johor (2)
Kuantan
Melaka
Sabah
Kedah
Johor
Keramat
kafé@Teen
Transit
Centres: 49
• Information provided:
 Body Weight
 Adolescent Mental Health
Management
 Smoking
 Skin Problem
 Social Counseling
 Reproductive/Sexual Counseling
 Adolescent Reproductive Health
management
50
Modules
o Cakna Diri
oKesejahteraan
Hidup
oRHAM
Sahabat
kafe@TEEN
members
2013
2014
13,454
8,980
2013
2014
No. Program
908
1,093
Participants
39,384
52,577
New
Education and
Skill Building
Programmes
Services: Clinic and Counselling
Adolescent
Clinics
2013
2014
New
2,229
3,167
Follow-ups
1,099
752
Counselling
New
Follow-ups
2013
2014
1,007
1,216
86
195
51
Family development programs
Program Keluarga
52
53
Conclusion
• Role of families and society is critical in ensuring
health development of teenagers & young adults
(It takes a Village)
• Policies & programs should promote inherent
strengths of teens as well as provide for their
needs.
54
THANK YOU
55