14 pavyh conociendo nuestra familia

14 pavyh conociendo nuestra familia
Prosimios
Simios nuevo m
Simios v iejo m
Lemures
Titís
Macacos
Tarseros
Monos
aulladores
Babuinos
Galagos
Monos araña
Orangutanes
Loris
Monos
capuchinos
humanos
Homínidos derivados
Carácter:
Apéndices
locomotores
Homología
Homoplasia
Paralelismos
Convergencias
No sirven
Primitivo: es de
uso limitado
Derivado: es de
gran utilidad
Matriz de caracteres
Rostro inclinación
Mentón o barbilla
Desarrollo caninos
Esmalte molares
Morfología oclusal molares
Fosa canina /posición malar
Desarrollo arco zigomático
Frontal inclinación
Frontal torus supraorbitario
Frontal surco posterior torus
Altura arco frontoparietal (arco
calota)
Alargamiento occipital
Posición foramen magnum
Curvatura base cráneo
Tubo óseo oído
….
Comparación entre prosimios (loris,
Nycticebus) y antropoideos
M
Nycticebus (loris)
http://macro.dokkyomed.ac.jp/mammal/en/species/nycticebus
_coucang.html
Visión lateral o frontal 01
Arco calota laxo o curvo 01
Masetero peq. Gran 01
Cráneo de prosimios: loris
http://www.loris-conservation.org/database/index.html
Medidas y orientación cráneos de
primates general. Ejemplo en loris
http://www.loris-conservation.org/database/index.html
Polaridad de los caracteres
Cráneo y fotografía de Pan paniscus:
chimpancé enano o bonobo
Torus derivado
respecto a
primate no
hominido
Cráneo de Pan troglodytes: chimpancé
Torus
primitivo
respecto a
homínido
Nycticebus (loris)
http://macro.dokkyomed.ac.jp/mammal/en/species/nycticebus
_coucang.html
Pan troglodytes: chimpancé
Callithrix jacchus, titi o marmoseta
http://www.skullsite.co.uk/Marmoset/marmoset.htm
Pan paniscus: bonobo
Mioceno
Plioceno
Pleistoceno
Homo sapiens
Homo antecessor
Homo heidelbergensis /
H. neanderthalensis
Australopithecus garhi
A. ramidus
Australopithecus
bahrelghazali
Homo ergaster / H. erectus
Homo habilis
Australopithecus africanus
Sahelanthropus tchadensis
6.5
6
5.5
Paranthropus boisei
Paranthropus
aethiopicus
Australopithecus
afarensis
Orrorin tugenensis
(millennium man)
7
Australopithecus
anamensis
5
Kenyanthropus platiops
4.5 4
3.5 3
2.5
Los homínidos
Paranthropus
robustus
2
1.5 1
0.5 0
millones de años
Cráneo Homo sapiens (actual)
Yugal invisible en
vista dorsal 2
Gran
neurocráneo 2
Cara vertical2
Yugal reducido 2
Arco basicraneo
agudo 2
Mandíbula corta 2
Arcada dental
semiesférica 2
Dentición altura
Caninos más grandes=0
Caninos = altura 1
Foramen magnum
Proyectado hacia
delante 2
Polaridad caracteres
homínidos
• Capacidad
craneal en
relación con el
tamaño del
cuerpo
– 0 pequeña
– 1 media
– 2 grande
• Cresta sagital
– Sin 0
– Con 1
Comparacion dentición cercopitecidos y hominoideos
Cercopitecidos (monos viejo mundo) 0
Hominoideos (Pan troglodites) 0
Homínidos 1
Arco basicráneo
Homo floresiensis 2
Pan troglodites 1
Simios vs. prosimios
Nycticebus (loris) 0
Comparación platirrinos y catarrinos
Número de premolares 3=0; 2=1
Tubo óseo oido sin 0; con 1
Prosimio: loris
Prosimios:
Tres premolares
Bunodontos
Diastema postcanino
Diente peineta
Proconsul, Mioceno, 18 ma
Desarrollo de los caninos en relación I, P, M
Pieralopithecus
12-13 ma
Posición de la cara 012
Horizontal, diagonal, vertical
Pongidae (orangutan actual)
Cresta sagital
Con 0
Sin 1
Sivapithecus: Pakistan, Mioceno 9-11 ma
Dryopithecus laietanus:
Europa, Mioceno, 8 ma
Pongidos (sivapitecinos y Pongo) y Hominoideos
(Pan, Homo, Gorilla)
Ouranopithecus (12 ma, Grecia) y Gorilla (actual)
Torus supraorbitario con 0 sin 1
Mioceno
Plioceno
Pleistoceno
Homo sapiens
Homo antecessor
Homo heidelbergensis /
H. neanderthalensis
Australopithecus garhi
Australopithecus
bahrelghazali
Homo ergaster / H. erectus
Homo habilis
Australopithecus africanus
Sahelanthropus tchadensis
6.5
6
5.5
Paranthropus boisei
Paranthropus
aethiopicus
Australopithecus
afarensis
Orrorin tugenensis
(millennium man)
7
Australopithecus
anamensis
5
Kenyanthorpus platiops
4.5 4
3.5 3
2.5
fILOGENIA
Paranthropus
robustus
2
1.5 1
0.5 0
millones de años
Sahelanthropus tchadensis, Mioceno,
6,5 ma, Africa
0
Kenyanthropus platiops, Plioceno, 3,5
ma, Africa
Australopithecus
anamensis (4,2 –
3,9 Ma)
KP 29281
Edad: 4 Ma
Descubierto en:
1994, Kanapoi,
Kenya
Paranthropus robustus, 2-1ma,
Surafrica
Paranthropus boisei, Konso, Africa,
Plio-Pleistoceno
Paranthropus boisei, Konso, Africa, PlioPleistoceno. Fotos lab Unizar
Homo habilis, 2,4-1,6 ma, Africa
Olduvai
550 680 cm3
Homo erectus, 1,7-0,5 ma, Asia
Torus supraorbitario discontínuo 1
Homo ergaster, 2-1 ma, Africa
Kenia
850 cm3
Achelense Modo 2
Homo georgicus, Dmanisi, Georgia, 1,8
ma
Malar diagonal 0
Homo antecessor, Pleistoceno inferior,
0,8 ma
Homo heidelbergensis
La Sima de los Huesos
5-6 ky
Homo sapiens idaltu, Herto, Africa,
160.000 a
Afar
Etiopia
Homo neandertalensis, 0,3-0,03 ma,
Europa, Asia occidental
Ucrania
40.000 a
Homo neanderthalensis
La Ferrassie 1
Species:
Homo neanderthalensis
Age:
Upper Pleistocene
Date of Discovery:
September 17, 1909
Location:
La Ferrassie, France
Discovered by:
R. Capitan and D. Peyrony
La Ferrassie rock shelter is located near the village of Les Eyzies in the
Dordogne valley, France.The site yielded skeletons from eight Neanderthal
individuals, including adults, children, infants, and two fetuses. All were
intentionally buried at the shelter.
La Ferrassie 1 skeleton (the skull of which is shown here) is of an adult male.
The skull shows many of the typical Neanderthal traits including a prominent
supraorbital torus, a low-vaulted cranium with a receding forehead, a large
nasal opening, and a well-developed occipital bun (a swelling of bone at the
back of the skull on the occipital bone). All of the teeth were preserved in place
and show heavy wear indicating that the individual was relatively advanced in
years at the time of his death. Early in the study of the remains from La
Ferrassie, a curious asymmetry in the wear across the incisors was noticed.
Instead of wearing flat, the biting surface of the incisors is beveled toward the
front (or lip). It has been hypothesized that this is the result of habitual use of
the teeth for purposes other than chewing, such as holding something in place
between the teeth. Although the interpretation has been debated, the use of
the teeth as a tool may represent an interesting aspect of Neanderthal culture.
The importance of the La Ferrassie remains cannot be overstated. La
Ferrassie produced the remains of an adult male and an adult female,
providing documentation of sexual dimorphism (differences in size between
males and females) in Neanderthals. In addition, the remains of the juvenile
and infant individuals help paleoanthropologists reconstruct the developmental
stages of Homo neanderthalensis.
Probably most important are the postcranial (body) bones associated with La
Ferrassie 1. An earlier reconstruction of a Neanderthal skeleton by Boule (La
Chapelle-aux-Saints) portrayed Neanderthals as stooped, brutish creatures -misconceptions that have stayed with our notion of Neanderthals to this day.
The morphology of the leg bones and the foot demonstrate without any doubt
that the posture and gait of Neanderthals differed very little from modern
humans. Today the skeleton of La Ferrassie 1 is considered the "classic"
example of Neanderthal anatomy.
Recent dating of the La Ferrassie shelter indicates that the skeletons may be
as old as 70,000 years.
http://www.mnh.si.edu/anthro/humanorigins/ha/laferr.html
Homo neanderthalensis, 0,3-0,03 ma,
Europa, Asia occidental
Malar hacia atrás 1
Homo, Rumania, 0,034 a 0,036 ma
¿sapiens o neandertal?
Homo sapiens moderno. Lab. Unizar
Malar proyectado
hacia delante 2