Scaleforum Guide 2011 v3.4 package

Transcription

Scaleforum Guide 2011 v3.4 package
Scaleforum Guide 2011
SCALEFORUM
2011
Saturday / Sunday
24th / 25th September
Scaleforum Guide 2011
Scaleforum 2011
L e isu re Ce ntre
Guildford Road
L e ath erh ead
Surre y KT 2 2 9 B L
Saturday 24th September 2011 10.30am – 5.30pm
(Advanced ticket holders from 10.15am)
Sunday 25th September 2011 10.00am – 4.30pm
(Advanced ticket holders from 9.45am)
Welcome to the 35th Scaleforum – the flagship show of the Scalefour Society.
The organising team hope that you will have a very enjoyable time at the exhibition.
We have assembled a wide range of layouts representing all periods of railway history and these are supported by traders,
demonstrators and other exhibits. The layouts range from small space layouts typified by Croft Depot and Fish Dock Road
to the large and impressive Birmingham New Street and the Balcombe Viaduct project, with everything between these two
extremes. We also have for the first time a ScaleSeven layout representing exact scale modelling at 7mm to the foot.
Scaleforum is organised primarily for the members of the Society, though we welcome the many visitors who are not
members and hope that they will find much of interest. For those interested in joining the Society, the Membership desk
will be found in the Society area on the First Floor. Anyone who joins at the show will get a reduced admission fee.
We aim to provide an opportunity for all those who are interested in model railways to meet, talk, exchange ideas and be
impressed by the high standard of modelling on display. To encourage discussion there are no barriers around the layouts
so please feel free to talk to layout operators and to those who are demonstrating, since sharing information is what the
show is about.
General information
The exhibits are organised in two locations within the building, so please make sure that you see everything; traders and
layouts will be found in both areas.
The ticket sales and main entrance to the exhibition are on the First Floor. Advanced ticket holders and wheelchair users will
be able to use the entrance on the Ground Floor.
Ticket holders who wish to make a second visit may also use the Ground Floor entrance when they return on the Sunday.
The main hall containing the larger layouts and most of the traders is on the Ground Floor and is accessed via the stairs
from the First Floor, and also, once you have paid for entry, from the Ground Floor foyer. Smaller layouts, the remainder
of the traders and most of the demonstrations will be found on the First Floor. You will also find the Society area on the
First Floor along with some of our visiting Societies.
Scaleforum Guide 2011
Guidance and security: Committee members and the organising team will be wearing name badges. Stewards will be
found around the exhibition and can be identified by blue tabards. If you need help, directions or have an emergency please
ask any steward, anyone with a name badge or at the entry desks. Please look after you own coats and bags and report
anything suspicious to any steward, anyone with a name badge or at the entry desks.
Refreshments are located in two places. On the ground floor the café will be serving hot and cold drinks, sandwiches and
light snacks. Main meals and hot and cold drinks will be available in the restaurant area on the first floor. A bar is available
on the first floor and vending machines will also be found on the first floor near to the exhibition hall main door.
First aid will be provided by the Leisure Centre staff. In the event that this is needed, please ask any steward, anyone
with a name badge, or at the entry desks.
A public address system will be in operation and can be used to relay urgent messages. If you need to get a message
to someone, please ask at the Society area or at the entry desks.
Photography is permitted, but please ask the layout operators or anyone else before taking pictures. Please note that the
use of tripods is restricted to the official photographers working on behalf of the Society and accredited magazine staff only.
We would ask that photographers ensure that their activities do not restrict the viewing of layouts by visitors. David
Brandreth, who produces the show Retrospective, will be pleased to receive pictures either at the show or afterwards at
[email protected]. Users of digital cameras will be able to download pictures while at the show. Please enquire
at the Society area.
Accessibility:
Wheelchair users will be able to use the entrance on the Ground Floor, from where a lift is available to access the First Floor.
Some layouts may be high for those who use wheel chairs, so small periscopes are available from the Society stand if
required.
Smoking is not permitted anywhere in the Leisure Centre building.
Acknowledgements:
The organising team wish to thank all those Society members and guests who have brought layouts along or who have put
on demonstrations, and the Leisure Centre staff for their support in staging this event. We would also like to thank the
Committee of the Scalefour Society for their support in the planning leading up to the event. Particular thanks are due to
Derek Russan of Eileen’s Emporium, who has sponsored the production of this guide, and our Chairman Jim Summers, who
has designed and produced it.
A note on the Bring and Buy stand
As Scaleforum approaches, don't forget to begin to start setting aside your surplus items for sale on the Bring and Buy
stand, which gives members an opportunity to dispose of unwanted items and allows others to acquire a bargain.
There are three important changes to the way in which the Bring and Buy stand will operate this year. Items for sale
may be handed in at any time but in order to give everyone an equal opportunity to buy, selling will not start until
10.30am on the Saturday, and 10.00am on the Sunday. This will apply to visitors and all exhibitors. All goods must
be paid for at the time of purchase; the setting up of a running account is not permitted. In addition we will accept
books for sale but these must be on railway-related subjects, either prototype or model. Please note that the stand
does not accept for sale magazines, videos or DVDs, or models in scales other than 4mm.
Items for sale should be listed on the Bring and Buy form. This can be downloaded from the Society’s web site at
www.scalefour.org. Any member who does not have access to the internet can obtain a form from the Scaleforum
organiser, Terry Bendall, 123, Plantation Road, Leighton Buzzard, Bedfordshire, LU7 3HJ, Tel:01525 384779. In addition,
copies of the form will be available at Scaleforum.
Simply list your items on it, decide on how much you want for them and label the items accordingly. Sales can be of
one item or many and there is no limit to the amount that can be offered for sale. The seller sets the price, but members
of the Bring and Buy team will offer advice on prices if required and will lower the price for unsold items if requested
to do so by the seller. Bring the items and form to the Bring and Buy stand where they will be booked in and offered
for sale. Items can be entered into the Bring and Buy and removed at any time during the course of the exhibition.
The Society retains 10% commission on items sold but there is no fee on unsold items.
At the end of the day (or whenever you wish) we tally up all the items you have sold, deduct our 10% commission and
pay you the balance. You can keep an eye on how things are going and reduce (or raise!) your prices at any time.
Please read carefully the notes on the back of the form relating to the labelling of items, together with the conditions
of sale. All items are deposited with the stand manager entirely at the owner’s risk and the Society accepts no liability
regarding the condition or suitability of items sold on behalf of a member.
Members are advised to consider the presentation of items. Items that are well wrapped up in plain closed boxes are
likely to attract less interest that those more easily seen. Small items may need to be placed in clear plastic bags.
Scaleforum Guide 2011
Scalefour Society area
The Society area is the place where you will find members of the Committee so if you are already a member do stop to have
a chat. We will be pleased to deal with any queries that you might have or suggestions about how the Society is run and how
we might do things better. If you are not a member come and talk to us anyway, find out what the Society is all about and
the benefits of membership. More importantly, if you have any queries about any aspect of railway modelling this is the
place to ask for assistance. If we cannot help immediately we will point you in the direction of someone who can.
In the Society area you will find our Membership Secretary, Danny Cockling who will be pleased to tell you all about
membership, deal with queries from existing members and enrol new members.
The Competitions
Anyone wishing to enter any of the competitions or put items in the showcase should contact Terry Bendall who will provide
details of what is required.
y The Chairman’s Cup aims to develop high standards of modelling skills by members of the Society. To
encourage this, the Society will award the Chairman’s Cup to the builder of the model which, in the opinion
of the judges, best illustrates the visual characteristics of the full-size equivalent which it represents.
Entries for this competition will be on display in the Society area.
y The Deputy Chairman’s Cup aims to encourage technical innovation in railway modelling. The award
will be made to an individual or to a company who, in the opinion of the judges, has produced an innovation,
device, jig or other modelling aid that enhances or improves railway modelling or makes a process easier,
quicker or more accurate. Details of the entries for this event will be in the Society area.
y The Armchair Modellers’ Challenge is a new competition designed to encourage members of the Society
to get out of their armchairs and actively do some modelling. This year the challenge is to build a group
of freight vehicles which can be any type of freight vehicle including open wagons, vans, horse boxes,
cattle wagons, brake vans or wagons used in engineers trains. For the purpose of the Challenge, horse
boxes and cattle wagons designed to run in passenger trains are included. The winner will be judged by
the visitors to Scaleforum so don’t forget to have a look at the entries and cast your vote.
The Members’ Showcase will be found in the Society area and allows members to display models that they do not wish to
enter into a competition. Any member of the Society can put models on display.
The Eileen’s Emporium Prize
The Society is very pleased to announce a new prize to be awarded for the first time this year and which has been sponsored
by Derek Russan, owner of Eileen’s Emporium. This will be awarded for the best example of a scratchbuilt model of any type
seen at the show and will consist of a £50 voucher to be spent at Eileen’s Emporium. Entries may be made at Scaleforum
and may be a model that has been entered for another competition, a model on a layout, on a demonstration stand or
anywhere else within the show. The model should be essentially scratchbuilt from any materials but the use of bought-in
items such as wheels is permitted. The judges will be looking for the item that best exemplifies the Society's approach to
finescale modelling.
The Model Railway Journal Chalice
The MRJ Chalice was established in 1986 to mark the Society’s tenth anniversary and is awarded by Wild Swan. No formal
entry is required as the judges, who are appointed by MRJ, will select the winner from anywhere in the show, on a layout,
from one of the trade stands, demonstrators or another competition. The judges will be seeking models which show excellence
in 4mm scale modelling.
The York Trophy
The York Trophy is presented in memory of the late Ken York and is awarded to the layout
which in the opinion of those attending is the most interesting or gives the most pleasure.
This means exactly what it says and does not necessarily mean the best technically or the
best modelled layout. Therefore an incomplete or beginner’s layout has as much chance of
winning as one which is complete or well established. The trophy will be awarded to the
layout gaining the most votes from the visiting public.
Please take time to cast your vote on the form issued to you on your arrival.
The Scalefour Stores
Jeremy Suter will be found with the Society’s own Stores stand in the Society area. On sale will be the essential gauges
necessary for accurate modelling to P4 standards along with materials for building your own trackwork. For fans of third and
fourth rail systems, the Society’s correct profile conductor rail and supports will be available together with other essential
items for working in P4. The new Bryan Morgan kits for point operation will also be available. There is always something new.
The Society’s two publications, have sold well, but you can still obtain copies here of the book on the building of St Merryn,
written by members of the South London group and the book on the use of Alex Jackson couplings by Dave Booth.
Jeremy offers a bespoke profile milling service and will be please to provide details on request.
Waterloo St.
Photo: James Dickie
Scaleforum Guide 2011
Travel by Road
Leatherhead
- getting there
Unless travelling locally, use the M25 motorway, leaving at
Junction 9: The Leisure Centre is signposted from both town
centre and bypass (the A243/ A24/A246), and there is free
parking within the Leisure Centre car parks. Satnav: KT22
9BL. In these difficult times, why not consider sharing
vehicles? Using the Society's e-mail group, P4_talk or the
Forum, why not try to arrange to pick up other members?
Travel by Rail
From Leatherhead station take the footpath indicated on
the sketchplan - approximately 15 minutes walk.
Trains from London to Leatherhead (direct services)
Saturday
Direct from Waterloo - at xx09, xx24, xx39, and xx54.
Journey time 41/45 minutes (South West Trains)
Direct from Victoria - at xx01 and xx31.
Journey time 45 minutes (Southern Trains)
Sunday
Direct from Victoria at xx08 and xx38.
Journey time 50 minutes. (Southern Trains)
No weekend engineering work is planned, but it is wise to
check with National Rail Enquiries nearer the time.
Taxis
Leatherhead Taxis
01372 370307 01372 817817
Leatherhead Express
01372 363252
A A Taxis 01372 452228; A to B Cars 01372 812120;
Centre Cars 01372 362727; Mole Valley Premier 01372 450000
Taxi rank at station 01372 376767
Travel by Air
With the costs of flights from major towns and cities at competitive rates, consider flying into Gatwick - the rail link is
relatively easy and involves a trip on First Great Western from Gatwick to Dorking Deepdene station, a short walk to Dorking
station (250m north of Deepdene station) and thence continuing on by South West Trains to Leatherhead. Journey times are
about an hour or so: Alternatively, you can get there via East Croydon, taking the tram link (6 or 7 minute service) to West
Croydon before continuing your journey on Southern Trains to Leatherhead. From Heathrow there is an express bus (X26)
from the Central bus station to Kingston bus station: They run at xx:22 and xx:52 with a journey time of about 43 minutes.
From Kingston take the half-hourly service (465) to Leatherhead - this bus drops off outside the entrance to the Leisure
Centre: Journey time is approximately 1 hour and is operated by Arriva Buses.
A relaxing day (or two) at Scaleforum will make your journey worthwhile.
Scaleforum Guide 2011
Showing
and
telling
This year we will be continuing the concept begun last year of demonstrations showing all the aspects of modelling a specific
period of railway history, and these will be supported by more specific themes.
Modelling the pre-Grouping railway
Martin Marrison and members of the Wealden Area group of the Scalefour Society will be showing how to model the
pre-Grouping period and will have available part of the group’s new layout, Chart Sutton. The layout features the South
Eastern and Chatham Railway, and the group will be able to advise on methods of track construction and sources of locos
and rolling stock for their chosen company, but also how to model other aspects of the pre-grouping period.
Modelling the British Railways period
The British Railways period from 1947 to the end of steam is a deservedly popular period for many railway modellers. This
themed demonstration showcases a range of activities centred on modelling the Southern Region of British Railways, and
focuses on two major projects which could - one day - become components of an even bigger project.
From Devon, Rod Cameron and John Farmer will be exhibiting for the first time their model of the viaduct over the Ouse
Valley at Balcombe on the London - Brighton main line. The viaduct alone is 20ft long, and has involved the use of the latest
techniques amongst more conventional materials. Tim Maddocks will be working on smaller structures, including buildings
from Balcombe station. Some S&D models may make an appearance too. Mike Ainsworth and Mark Leigh will bring us up
to date on the rebuilding of Eridge, a process necessitated by baseboard deterioration on the original. One of the new 8ft
boards will be on display, and Mike will show stock he has built, perhaps even some new EMUs. Mark hopes to have his
'Thumper' DMUs and will discuss his bespoke detail etches and resin casting.
Display boards provide background material and also the longer term plans to join the viaduct to Balcombe, a model of
Lewes, and even Eridge, to make a P4 model of a real railway that actually goes somewhere!
Modelling the Diesel and Electric era
The growing interest in the diesel and electric era reflects the interests of railway modellers of the more recent generations,
although not exclusively so. Alongside Birmingham New Street in the main hall, Simon Stevens will be showing how to
model diesel and electric multiple units in P4, Phil Eames will be showing loco conversion and detailing and Tim Horn will be
showing wagon conversion and construction. In addition Jim Smith-Wright will be able to advise on track construction and
modelling overhead electrification structures. Jim is willing for visitors to pose their own stock on the layout and take pictures
of it. Also supporting the D&E period, on the first floor will be found Elcot Road, the P4 layout being constructed by Simon
and Terry Bendall, the construction of which is being described each month in Rail Express magazine. The layout is set
firmly in Southern Electric territory in 1988 and features flat bottom rail track and turnouts from Colin Craig and the Society’s
conductor rail supports.
For other aspects of modelling to P4 standards, we will have three other demonstrators:
Getting started in P4
Richard Simmons is an experienced modeller, but is new to working in P4, who will discuss and display a whole host of ideas,
suggestions and examples of what is involved in getting started in P4. These will include track and turnout construction,
conversion of ready-to-run stock, and fitting of compensation and springing to rolling stock. Richard’s table is an essential
port of call for anyone who is starting out in P4.
Flat bottom track construction
Colin Craig probably knows more about modelling the contemporary permanent way than any other modeller and is an
invaluable source of information about modern trackwork. He will be able to tell you how many different sorts of Pandrol
clip there are and the differences. He will have his templates and kits for the construction of flat bottom track and turnouts
on sale. Colin will be found next to Elcot Road, where visitors will see examples of his products in use.
Model railway photography
We welcome back to Scaleforum Allan Goodwillie, who will be demonstrating aspects of model railway photography. As well
as being an expert in railway modelling, Allan has a lifetime’s experience of teaching art and photography and examples of
his pictures have often featured in Scalefour News. Allan will have with him examples of his work and will be able to show
how computer software can be used to enhance pictures. If we are lucky, he may be able to take pictures of your models.
Scaleforum Guide 2011
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Ellerton Road
The HMRS
S members of the
ScaleSeven Group
Photo: Tony Wright
We welcome to Scaleforum for the first time a layout built to S7 standards. Here the group tells us about it.
Ellerton Road is based on the old Midland Railway terminal station at Ilkeston Town, off the Erewash Valley line. The fact
that one member, who was able to supply most of the locomotives and rolling stock required, models the Midland Railway
c1906, set the railway company and time period for the layout. With one exception, none of the members of the group has
built a layout before, so this is a ‘first attempt’ which does not have a permanent home and can only be set up after special
arrangements have been made. The layout has recently been extended with further boards built to include the two bridges
over the River Erewash and the Erewash Canal. Including the start of the junction triangle means the layout is now 51 feet
long. Track is constructed using riveted sleepers for the pointwork with cosmetic chairs fitted later and functional chairs used
for the plain track. Working signals are built from a mix of MSE and Scale Signal Supply components. Work is in progress
to illuminate the signals.
During the exhibition, the traffic operation is based upon what would have been seen at Ilkeston, but we have assumed there
is a small locomotive shed at the Station junction, which enables us to use tender locomotives to work some of the passenger
services, with the trains reversing in a similar manner to that at Leeds Wellington station.
The Visiting Societies
Working on the basis that there are always new things to learn about railway modelling, we welcome to Scaleforum the
following Societies:
The ScaleSeven Group
S7 is the 7mm equivalent of P4, and so it is a pleasure to have members of the ScaleSeven Group with us. They will advise
on what is involved in finescale modelling to what is sometimes described as the senior scale. Some people simply like the
mass and movement of 7mm, others turn to 7mm modelling, when failing eyesight makes working in 4mm scale too difficult,
though then there is a temptation to add ever more details since they can be seen. Whatever our personal preferred scale,
fine models are fine models, and we can be sure of seeing some impressive examples to admire here.
Diesel and Electric Modellers United
Formed in 1998, DEMU is the essential society for anyone who is interested in accurate modelling of the diesel and electric
railway scene. The Society’s magazine Update is rapidly becoming a very valuable resource of essential information to assist
those interested in modelling the contemporary and recent past history of the UK railway system. Members of the society
will be on hand to explain the benefits of membership, and you can be sure of seeing some high-quality modelling on the
stand.
The South Eastern and Chatham Railway Society
The South Eastern and Chatham Railway Society was founded in 1973 to promote interest in the SECR and its two constituent
companies, the London Chatham and Dover Railway and the South Eastern Railway. The Society’s news letter Onwards,
published five times a year contains reviews of books and models and includes information about sources of information and
requests for assistance with information about the railway and how to model it. The Society also publishes twice a year a
journal - Invicta which contains articles about the prototype, drawings and photographs. Members of the Society will be on
hand to advise about the SECR, and examples of their publications will be available.
Scaleforum Guide 2011
Croft Depot
Duncan Wilcock
Croft Depot is a simple layout built into a limited space, with
limited finances and experience, and shows what can be
achieved in a small space. The layout is based on the real
Croft Depot in County Durham with some additional railway
buildings from the North East of England. The depot was the
terminus of the Stockton and Darlington Railway’s Croft
branch and was located in the village of Hurworth Place (Croft
is on the opposite side of the River Tees in North Yorkshire).
The line was opened on 27th October 1829 with the aim of
supplying coals and goods to Richmond and district. In 1839
it was sold to the Great North of England Railway and the
northern section now forms part of the East Coast Main Line
through Darlington Station. The branch itself continued to
supply coals and goods until British Railways closed it down
on 27th April 1964.
Croft Depot is a first attempt to build a layout and is very
much a ‘test piece’ with a fair number of lessons learnt along
the way. The aim was to build a realistic landscape with a
railway line cutting through it at the same time as being
instantly recognisably North Eastern . . . all within a 3 foot by
1 foot box! Rolling stock consists of a mixture of kit and
scratchbuilt wagons with converted ready-to-run locomotives.
Setting the layout in 1954 enables us to run both pre-grouping
and ‘modern’ vacuum fitted wagons. Please feel free to come
and ask questions and perhaps try your hand at a spot of
shunting.
Scalefour Workshops
The successful workshops of previous years continue again this year.
Workshop 1: Chassis Building by John Brighton
John Brighton is well known as a professional model maker and highly skilled craftsman. Over the past 15 years he has
introduced, talked about, and demonstrated his preferences, learnt from kit building on a commercial basis. This year, he
and his colleague Greg Shaw will show the benefits of well-produced and accurate chassis jigs, along with the possible pitfalls.
It will be a hands-on session with prepared chassis at various stages of construction and, whilst there will not be time to
build your specific chassis, John and Greg will be on hand to point you in the right direction and even help you with setting
up a jig for your engine. They will be happy to discuss various trends in chassis components suspension systems, but do not
expect them to say which is better or worse than the other. The chassis jigs will be the current versions from Eileen's Emporium
and Hobby Holidays. They will also have the new range of Easychas from Brassmasters. There will be a limit of 12 people.
Workshop 2: Suspending Your Chassis - Giving CSBs a Go by Will Litchfield
During the last 18 months, Will Litchfield has been exploring the successes and pitfalls of Continuous Springy Beams for
locomotive suspension. This is a session for those who have been considering taking the plunge into CSBs, and are wondering
how easy it really is, and for those who have already tried and have run into difficulties. More of a talkshop than a dirty hands
session, the workshop will cover the following topics: benefits of a sprung chassis, why spring, what should work and what
may not, theory and practice and practical considerations. There will be a limit of 12 people for this workshop.
Both of these workshops will be held once on each day of Scaleforum with the timings as follows:
Chassis construction - Saturday 11.00am (Sunday 10.15am); Using CSBs - 1.30pm (Saturday and Sunday).
The above workshops will be held in the meeting room on the ground floor near to the café and places must be booked prior
to the exhibition. Please note that the workshops are only open to those who have booked a place.
Workshop 3: Using an Airbrush by Robin Carpenter
This workshop will be run by Robin Carpenter, who is the modelling tutor for the Airbrush Company of Lancing, West Sussex.
The workshop will last for six hours, and one will run on each day of Scaleforum. The workshops focus on acrylic paints, how
they can be used, and the care and cleaning of airbrushes. A small amount of time at the end will be spent on enamel paints.
There will be a limit of eight people for each workshop. The cost to Members will be £76 per person to cover the cost of
equipment, materials and the tutor time. This cost has been subsidised by Eileen’s Emporium, and the Society is very grateful
to Society member Derek Russan for his support.
The workshops start at 11.00am on the Saturday and 10.15am on Sunday, and take place in the clubroom in the corridor a
short distance from the ground floor entrance to the main hall. They are open only to those who have booked.
Scaleforum Guide 2011
Fish Dock Road
Gordon Luck
Photo: Gordon Luck
Fish Dock Road was inspired by Grimsby docks in the 1950s, when fish was still a major part of the port’s trade. The layout
represents the quay where the trawlers unloaded their catches, which were then sold and transferred to rail and road transport
for distribution to the rest of the country.
The fish quay canopy and supporting ironwork are made from Wills sheets and Plastruct. The two larger trawlers are Lindberg
and Revell kits. The backscene consists of a series of overlapping photographs taken of Grimsby docks, stitched together on
the computer and then printed as a continuous sheet. Layout lighting is by various types of low voltage LEDs. The figures
on the quay are mainly from the Aidan Campbell range and are carrying out the various tasks associated with sorting,
auctioning and loading the fish. The ever present seagulls perch on the roof waiting for the next free meal. Locos and rolling
stock are typical of the area and period.
The layout is in fact a shunting puzzle layout, worked on the card shuffle system. Each merchant is allocated a part of the
quay and fish vans have to be placed in the correct position for loading. The vans are rarely in the correct order or position,
so have to be sorted by the dock shunter; a job that is complicated by short sidings and headshunts as well as inconsiderate
parking of lorries. The idea is not that we spend the whole exhibition sorting shunting problems, as we feel that you may
well be able to do much better. So come on - have a go!
Scaleforum Guide 2011
Maindee East
Engine Shed
Stefffan Lewis
Photo: Steffan Lewis
Maindee East returns to the exhibition circuit after suffering
damage during transit. The layout depicts a busy engine
shed in the Newport area of South Wales round about 1961.
The well-loved steam engines are gradually being replaced
by the modern diesels, giving the enthusiast plenty of variety
in motive power. The shed itself draws much inspiration from
Radyr, just north of Cardiff, and is representative of the
typical "Loans-Act" sheds, built with government aid during
the 1930s, and several examples still exist including, of
course, Didcot.
An integrated smoke-system is incorporated into the layout.
This is being constantly developed to provide realistic smoke
effects and utilises a theatrical smoke-machine vaporising a
mixture of water and glycerine. Rolling stock comes from a
variety of sources, ranging from simple proprietary
conversions to fully scratchbuilt examples. The two cranes
always attract much attention . . . the large Ransome and
Rapier 36-ton crane was built from a GA Models kit, whilst
the small Taylor and Hubbard ash-crane was scratchbuilt,
mainly from plastic card. Most of the loco classes associated
with the area are represented, along with various visiting
types. Traffic in and out of the shed includes such things as
coal, ash, Enparts, sand and the breakdown train. Alex
Jackson couplings are used to facilitate shunting, and whilst
the layout isn't run to a timetable, a sequence of the larger
shunts is followed . . . when we remember!
Please feel free to chat to the operators about any aspects
which interest you.
Photo: Steffan Lewis
Scaleforum Guide 2011
Photo: Jim Smith-Wright
Birmingham New St.
Jim Smith-Wright
Visitors to Scaleforum 2008 may remember that, nestled among the Diesel & Electric Challenge layouts in the Mole Barn,
was my first ever showing of a section of Birmingham New Street. Well, three years have passed, so perhaps it is time to
see how it is coming along. On display will be 22 feet of the eventual 72 feet long layout that will represent Birmingham
New Street and its eastern approaches during my youth, (1986-87). The section on display shows progress on the actual
station area modelled to a scale length, but with a reduced width.
There are several reasons why the period was chosen. The loveable Class 25s were very much into their swansong, with
Peaks looking like the next to go. Class 50s were also beginning to be withdrawn at the time. In terms of liveries, Network
South East was new, as was the striking Royal Mail red livery, but the colours of fragmented sectorisation were still a
designer’s daydream. However, the most important thing (for me) was that the West Coast Main Line change to the use of
driving van trailers on electric-hauled passenger trains was very much in the experimental stages. Locos were still at the
front of the train, and loco changes were very much still the norm. It is this nostalgia for how great it all was in our
youth that perhaps we all have, and is the reason why I am building my own version of a time and a railway now long gone.
Photo: Jim Smith-Wright
Photo: Jim Summers
Scaleforum Guide 2011
Scaleforum Guide 2011
Blackston Jn.
Richard Darby
and the West of Scotland Group
Photo: Allan Goodwillie
Blackston Junction lay on a historic piece of railway, connecting the Coatbridge area with the Union Canal to Edinburgh, via
the significant Causewayend incline, a few miles west of Linlithgow. Eventually the line was extended to pass under the
North British main line between Edinburgh and Glasgow at the bi-level station of Manuel and continued on to the coal shipping
port of Bo’ness. Fascinating as all that is for the railway historian, Derek Whale, who built the layout, confined himself to
portraying the junction at Blackston, a few miles to the west from where railway met canal, but where a route diverged to
serve Bathgate. The layout shows the lines in the time of the North British Railway.
Blackston Junction was not as simple as it looks, and the layout depicts some of the complex train movements and sheer
inconvenience to the passengers, caused by the fact that in spite of being a junction, the station only had one platform. The
local coal pits supply most of the freight traffic, and the sidings are in constant use for making up trains. Of particular interest
is the scenery, which represents one of those sharp winter mornings with frost in exposed areas and the bare trees stark on
the landscape.
The layout is exhibited by Scalefour Society members in Scotland in memory of its builder, Derek Whale, a courageous
modeller who died prematurely at the end of 2001.
Photo: Jim Summers
Scaleforum Guide 2011
HMRS
Recording Britain’s Railways for
Tomorrow’s Generations
Join the HMRS today.
Use our excellent research facility at the HMRS Museum & Study Centre in Butterley
Receive a high-quality quarterly journal and bi-monthly newsletter
Receive discounts on HMRS publications and transfers
Access the HMRS library and archive facility as well as theextensive photographic and drawing
collections
Tap into a network of company stewards and area groups to assist in your research and modelling.
www.hmrs.org.uk
For membership details, contact:
HMRS Membership Secretary, ’Dunkeld’, Sussex Avenue, Ross-on-Wye, Herefordshire, HR9 5AJ or
visit our website: www.hmrs.org.uk
Scaleforum Guide 2011
Clutton
presented by
Tim Venton
Photo: Richard Hall
Clutton is a personal project by Tim Venton and was inspired
by Barry Norman’s Petherick and by the Pendon Museum
layout, being very much the railway in the landscape with the
surrounding buildings and operated in accordance with
prototype practice. Clutton was a station on the Great
Western branch between Bristol and Frome, set in the 1950s.
The baseboards are built from stressed plywood and rest on
a sub-frame supported by trestles. Track is hand-built using
individual chairs glued on to plywood sleepers. All the signals
and running line points are worked by the interlocked lever
frame which represents the actual frame at Clutton.
The single main lines are controlled by representations of the
electric key token block instruments.
These are
interconnected with the lever frame, so that starting a train
requires the issuing of a token and electrically releasing the
lever. Since the signalman and the frame are at the front,
visitors can see all of this happen. Most locos run on sprung
wheels with split frame chassis and are powered by can
motors. The railway buildings are mostly scratchbuilt from
plastic card but the non-railway buildings have been produced
on a computer and include experiments with perspective
modelling.
Photo: Jim Summers
The trains are representative of those which would have been
seen at the time. Passenger trains are frequently hauled by
tank locos and consist of GW “B” sets since that is what would
have happened. Freight is important with coal from the
nearby Somerset coalfields passing though, and some freight
trains will pause to allow passenger trains to overtake.
Scaleforum Guide 2011
Evenstow
Paul Iliff and
Ian Harrison
Evenstow is
perhaps the classic
Great Western branch line
terminus and represents a fictitious
harbour and seaside resort in North Devon
beyond Barnstable, set in the late 1920s to mid-1930s.
Baseboards are constructed from plywood with the ground contours built up from expanded polystyrene blocks covered with
dishcloth material and coated with Artex plaster. Track is hand-built using plywood sleepers, steel rail and chairs from C&L
and Exactoscale and is laid on 3mm thick cork. Signals and points are operated by Hoffman motors, with dummy point
rodding, using MSE components. Facing point locks are scratchbuilt. Buildings are mainly scratchbuilt from styrene sheet
augmented with kits where these are available.
Locos and coaches are a mixture of kit built and ready-to-run items, modified where required and with additional details
added. Alex Jackson Couplings are used throughout. The sequence of operations represents a typical weekday.
Waterloo Street
James Dickie
Waterloo Street is an exhibition layout inspired by the real-life Waterloo Goods branch in Aberdeen. Originally opened by the
Great North of Scotland Railway in 1856, the branch is still in use and has recently been upgraded. Where once you saw little
Manning Wardle tank engines steaming around the docks, Class 66s now deliver block trains of calcium carbonate slurry.
Designed originally for the Scalefour Society’s 18.83 Challenge, which explains the unusually shaped baseboards in order to
fit into the required 18.83 sq. ft footprint, Waterloo Street was entered for the Society’s Diesel and Electric layout Challenge
of 2008. It represents what traffic might have been like on the Waterloo branch from the 1950s to the present day. Operations
attempt to show the changing freight traffic on the branch, from serving the busy quayside, gasworks and factories in the
‘50s and ‘60s, to being a tube storage yard in the ‘70s and ‘80s, and to handling the bulk traffic of today.
All the track is hand-built using ply sleepers on top of a Templot trackplan. Look out for the prototypical semi-interlaced
turnouts. The strange bulge in the run-round loop was to accommodate the signal box when the track plan was remodelled.
The signal box was then demolished. The buildings in the backscene represent the changing fortunes of the area – a mixture
of semi-derelict Victorian mills and more modern industrial units. The former Bannermill Street is now almost completely
lost in the weeds, Banner Mill itself having long closed down.
Scaleforum Guide 2011
Harton Gill
Carshalton and Sutton Model Railway Club
The layout is set in the 1960s and represents British Railways, North Eastern Region and the National Coal Board lines in that
period. Although everything on the layout should be prototypical for the southern Tyneside area in our chosen time period,
nonetheless Harton Gill is a fictional location. We have always believed that this is the way to do a model railway - every
detail looking as though it belongs, but no need to try and copy a real place. Thus we have in the foreground an
overhead-electrified private line connecting the colliery to some imaginary staithes off to the left, just like the real-life Harton
electrified line. At the back of the layout, we have a British Railways North Eastern Region branch to a cement works, with
engines and traffic appropriate to such a place. In the middle is a short passenger line terminating at a halt, with a DMU
shuttle service. Wherever possible the buildings, such as the signal box and the footbridge, and the signals, follow ex-NER
prototypes.
The timescale allows us to run a mixture of steam and early diesels, in both green and blue, as well as the dedicated colliery
electrics. The latest additions here are a Tyneside Bo-Bo electric operating off the third rail, and the EPB parcels car which
ran on Tyneside for a while. The operators would be pleased to hear from anyone who knows anything about this interesting
vehicle.
The boards are all made from 6mm birch-faced plywood. The layout goes together quickly and, when built carefully, it runs
successfully. The buildings are all scratchbuilt from plastic card (with the exception of the colliery head-frame, which is a
brass Wrightscale kit) to fit their locations amongst the tracks. To save the space and effort in construction and carrying of
fiddle yards, cassettes overhang the edge of the boards, while being firmly attached to them. Lots of people comment on the
dangers involved, but so far, with a table always occupying the space below the cassettes, no disasters have occurred!
Scaleforum Guide 2011
Longcarse West
David Furmage
Photo: Philip Sutton
Longcarse West is based on a few run-down sidings in the Alloa area of Central Scotland in the period 1975/6. This was once
a busy area, with both the Caledonian and North British Railways building lines to tap into the local coal, glass making,
brewery and distillery businesses. Although traffic remains buoyant, the threat of closure is looming ever larger as local firms
either turn towards road transport or shut down completely. Many sidings in the area have already been abandoned or lifted
as a result. The nearby dock lines will soon close and within ten years the railways of Alloa will almost all have disappeared,
although many locals hope for a return of passenger trains at some point in the not too distant future.
The layout was my first attempt at building a model railway, although I have been an armchair modeller for at least the last
thirty years. Dissatisfaction with the look of OO gauge trackwork and tension lock couplers were the main reasons for holding
back, although I did take the time to build a few plastic wagon kits, improving my skills with the help of books by Iain Rice
and Geoff Kent as each wagon was attempted. In late 2004 I joined the North East Area Group of DEMU and became involved
with the building of Round Trees Sidings, an EM gauge layout that was shown at the DEMU Showcase in 2005. Around the
same time Exactoscale brought out their P4Track Company range of points and trackwork. These two separate events combined
to give me the push that I needed. I bought a P4 Track Company point, managed to put it together reasonably well, and
started work on designing a small layout that could serve as a diorama for my wagons and maybe attend a few exhibitions.
The announcement of the Diesel and Electric Layout Challenge by the Scalefour Society provided a reason to build a functioning
layout, and it was awarded a Commended certificate (4th place).
Since the competition, the layout has been exhibited extensively around the country, and although it has performed very
well I have decided to retire it, to concentrate on something new, which hopefully will be a little bigger, better and more
carefully planned.
Scaleforum Guide 2011
Suppliers of your modelling requirements
Scaleforum probably has the best trade section for the finescale and scratchbuilder of any exhibition in the South East, covering everything
from electrical components to the finest scenic details and everything in between. Most traders will be found in the main hall and the remainder
on the first floor. Details of the traders are given below with stand numbers and location within the building.
ABS Models, 39 Napier Road, Hamworthy, Poole, Dorset, BH15 4JX Tel: 01202 672891
www.keykits.net
e-mail [email protected]
Stand number 27 main hall
Adrian Swain’s products are only available by mail order or at exhibitions. Adrian produces a variety of items for the 4mm scale modeller,
including his “FourMost Models” wagon kits and the “Streetscene” series of road vehicles. Also on sale will be an extensive range of coach and
wagon detailing accessories.
Alan Gibson (Workshop), PO Box 597, Oldham, OL1 9FQ Tel: 0161 678 1607. Fax: 0161 785 8208. Mon to Fri 8.30am to 6.30pm,
Sat 9.00am to 1.00pm. www.alangibsonworkshop.com e-mail [email protected]
Stand number 36 main hall
It’s now coming up to four years since Colin Seymour took over Alan’s business and he says the time has flown by. In 4mm a wide range of
items are available including 19 types of carriage and wagon wheels, 32 types of bogie/tender wheels and 83 types of driving wheel – all
available to “OO”, “EM” and 18.83 gauges. In response to many requests from customers he also offers replacement wheel packs for
ready-to-run locomotives covering the Bachmann, Heljan and Hornby ranges. The product range includes cast figures, signal and structure
components, bearings, back-to-back gauges, moulded brake gear, milled locomotive and tender mainframes, etched coupling rods and valve
gear, 26 types of sprung buffers and over 250 loco detailing parts. A copy of the very informative catalogue is essential to appreciate the vast
range that is on offer. Colin has produced seven batches of different loco kits and is working on nine others, with firm commitments from
customers supporting many more. He has produced his own catalogue, now available from his website, which is by far the best place for
up-to-date information. He is developing the self-quartering wheel and hopes to have something to show for it by Scaleforum. On the agenda
are brass-centred wheel kits, the perennial signals, and new castings for the range, so Colin suggests you come to see what he’s been up to.
Blacksmith Models, 34 Woodland View, Barnetby-le-Wold, North Lincolnshire, DN38 6FE
Tel: 01652 680243 www.BlacksmithModels.com e-mail [email protected]
Stand number 3 first floor
Blacksmith Models offer an extensive range of etched brass kits covering many prototypes, along with supplementary kit packs and whitemetal
castings. They also have available a large range of components, materials and adhesives to support finescale modelling. The company provides
a track-building service, modelling workshops and a source of technical advice.
Brassmasters Scale Models, PO Box 1137, Sutton Coldfield, West Midlands, B76 1FU
www.brassmasters.co.uk
e-mail [email protected]
Stand number 12 first floor
Following on from their successful kits for the Bachmann LNER A1 and Hornby A4, Brassmasters hope to have at least two more of their
EasiChas kits, which are designed to convert RTR models to EM or P4 in the simplest possible way without soldering. The kits which should be
available are for the Hornby LNER A3 and Bachmann A2 models. In addition they are trying to complete the detailing kit for the D&S Cowans
Sheldon 15 ton steam crane kit. Also on sale will be more etched windows, with etches for the Scalescenes engine shed and signal box kits to
add to the existing 16 types. All of their full kits for LMS prototypes, RTR-detailing kits for the LMS Rebuilt Patriot and Royal Scot, Black 5, 8F,
Crab, and Jinty, and accessories will be available on the stand. Diesel modellers are catered for by a detailing kit for the Lima and Hornby Class
52 Western, the Bachmann Class 24/25 etches, and resin cab roof and fuel/water tank replacements. The ever popular Cleminson 6-wheel
chassis kits and the precision-turned brass axleboxes will also be on sale.
Branchlines, PO Box 4293, Westbury, Wiltshire, BA13 9AA Tel/Fax 01373 822231
http://branchlines.blogspot.com
e-mail [email protected]
Stand number 30 main hall
Branchlines offer a large range of precision motors from Mashima, Tenshodo and Canon along with gearboxes and motor bogies for the popular
modelling scales together, with other useful parts such as flywheels, bearings, drive shafts and split axle components. They are UK agents
for the Black Beetle range of motor bogies to P4 standards, and its companion dummy Beetle un-powered bogie with pick-ups. The same
company’s solid nickel silver disc wheels to P4 standards are usually available for use in re-wheeling Bachmann, Heljan and Hornby diesel
locomotives and rolling stock. The loco chassis and detailing parts are always popular, and there is an extensive range of etched kits for
SE&CR, LB&SCR, SR and MR prototypes. Branchlines offer a mail order service throughout the world with a fast turnround from extensive
stocks.
Cambrian Models, 10 Long Road, Tydd Gote, Wisbech, PE13 5RB Tel: 01945 420511
cambrianmodels.co.uk e-mail via web site
Stand number 9 first floor
The Cambrian 4mm scale range of plastic wagon kits covers a wide range of prototypes ranging from the pre-Grouping period to the
contemporary scene, and includes a variety of private owner wagons. The range will be on sale at Scaleforum, and the Cambrian website
includes full details of what is available, together with prototype pictures and advice on assembly of the kits.
C&L Finescale Modelling Limited, Aran Lodge, Severn Road, Hallen, Bristol, BS10 7RX
Tel: 01179 505 470 www.finescale.org.uk e-mail: [email protected]
Stand number 18 main hall
C&L Finescale has recently changed ownership, but new owner, Pete Llewellyn, has vowed to continue to offer the same wide range of quality
components for the construction of prototypical scale trackwork in 4mm and 7mm scales. The "turnout in a bag" kits include fully finished
common crossings for ease of construction for the beginner. Individual components are available for the more experienced track builder. On
sale will be the full range of Carr's modelling products, including solder, fluxes, metal treatments and rail cleaners etc. Why not try the
revolutionary Solder Creams? Solder and Flux combined in a tube - no mess, no waste, and no cleaning up! Ideal for tiny components, or those
‘difficult to get at places’. They also sell a range of ballast and other scenic products, as well as items to assist with baseboard
alignment/fixing. There is cork and foam for your track base, and Tortoise/Fulgurex motors to operate your points. Look out for their special
'Show Offers'.
Comet Models, Charnwood’, Firs Road, Ross on Wye, Herefordshire, HR9 5BH Tel : 05602 602188
www.cometmodels.co.uk
e-mail : [email protected]
Stand number 1 first floor
Comet Models offer a continually developing range of products for the 4mm scale modeller. The range of well over 200 coach kits and sides,
covering the Big Four and early BR, makes it possible to run the correct train formation on your layout from the 1930s to the 1960s. We
continue to offer locomotive chassis packs for use under ready-to-run bodies or kits, the majority of which now offer the option of springing,
and are a popular choice for modellers wishing to construct chassis in EM or P4. Chassis continue to be updated, and work is progressing on
some new products. The latest additions to the range are the two BR Standard tender kits which utilise existing Comet chassis and tender
frames and new resin bodies. Comet Models stock Mashima motors and a range of gearboxes, including a two-stage design and drive extenders
to give 38, 46 and 50:1 ratios. They also offer a range of Romford/Markits locomotive and coach wheels, and their own wide range of etched,
cast and turned small components.
Cooper Craft, The Willows, Broom Lane, Oake, Taunton, Somerset, TA4 1BE Tel: 01823 461961
www.cooper-craft.co.uk e-mail [email protected]
Stand number 4 first floor
Paul Dunn makes a return to Scaleforum with his range of plastic, coach and lineside kits in 4mm and 16mm scales. Paul also distributes the
Slater’s ranges of 4mm kits and all the paints and other details needed to finish things off.
Scaleforum Guide 2011
Dart Castings, 17 Hurst Close, Staplehurst, Kent, TN12 0BX Tel: 01580 892917
www.dartcastings.com
e-mail [email protected]
Stand number 5 first floor
Dart Castings produce a range of whitemetal detailing kits and accessories including livestock and horse drawn vehicles. The MJT range of
suspension and compensation systems together with wagon and coach detailing components has been incorporated into the range. The Monty’s
Model Railways range of figures and accessories continues to expand and includes seated passengers. Also on sale will be the Shire Scenes
range of etched brass detail kits.
Dave Bradwell, South Muirnich Cottage, Gorthleck, Inverness, IV2 6YP Tel: 01456 486377
www.davebradwell.co.uk e-mail: [email protected]
Stand number 25 main hall
Dave’s quality etched kits, incorporating sprung suspension, include full loco and tender kits for K1, WD, J27 classes and now the new Q6.
Clearances for P4 are designed-in, and generous bearing surfaces are provided to ensure a reliable, hard-working model with an accurate,
detailed body. The LNER 4200 gallon tenders are available separately to produce any major flat-sided type. 3500 gallon and NER tenders
may be released in time for the show. Chassis kits are available for A1, N2, 9F, J39, and B1, and incorporate all the smooth running principles
outlined above. Hopper wagons are a speciality – detailing parts for the RTR 21 ton, a complete 13 ton, the unique Tyne Dock/Consett iron
ore wagons, and NCB types. At the rear of the train, Dave’s etched brake van chassis does wonders for the old Airfix kit (or indeed any other
make) and simplifies the end glazing. Coaches are also catered for, with the sprung bogies by Chris Pendlenton available in a variety of
wheelbases including 10 ft. for the Hornby Pullmans.
David Geen Model Railway Kits, 30 Silverwood Close, Dale Park, Harlepool, TS27 3QF Tel: 01429 269600
www.scalefour.org e-mail [email protected]
Stand number 8 first floor
David produces a comprehensive range of wagon kits covering a number of pre- and post-Grouping companies, as well as private owner tank
wagons. His range of etched brass coach kits continues to expand, and future additions will include a small range of GWR clerestory coaches.
A selection of lineside accessories is also available. In addition, David distributes the Malcolm Mitchell 4mm locomotive kit range.
DC Kits, 111 Norwood Crescent, Stanningley, Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS28 6NG Tel: 01132 563415
www.dckits.co.uk e-mail [email protected]
Stand number 32 main hall
DC Kits will have on sale their range of plastic DMU, EMU and Southern Region DEMU and EMU kits, together with their expanding range of
locomotive kits. Also on sale will be the ever-popular motor units from Black Beetle and Tenshodo and the Bull Ant power unit. A recent
introduction is a new range of more modern DMU and wagon kits under the REALTRACK name. As ever, there will also be a large range of
specialist books and DVDs for you to browse and purchase. Please ask if you cannot see what you want on the stand.
Eileen’s Emporium, Unit 19.12, Highnam Business Centre, Newent Road, Gloucester, GL2 8DN
Tel: 01531 828009 www.eileensemporium.com e-mail: [email protected]
Stand number 24 main hall
Eileen’s Emporium offers an unsurpassed selection of precision sheet, strip, angles, sections, tube, rod and wire in brass, nickel silver, copper,
phosphor bronze and others, not forgetting BA and metric nuts and bolts in brass and steel, and plastic sheets strips and sections from
Evergreen, Plastruct, Slater’s and their own Styrene in white, black and clear, including large sheets. Eileen's also supplies the Chassis2 assembly
jig from Avonside Works and has now also incorporated etched components from Bill Bedford. All this is complemented by an extensive range
of good quality tools, airbrushes, solders, fluxes, adhesives, craft knives, scalpels, saw blades, drill bits, dies, and screws, which together
make this stand a must-see for all active and would-be modellers.
Exactoscale, 20 Waterson Vale, Moulsham Lodge, Chelmsford, Essex, CM2 9PB Tel: 01245 263779
www.exactoscale.co.uk e-mail [email protected]
Stand number 23 main hall
The Exactoscale range continues to expand and includes wagon chassis conversion kits, loco, coach and wagon wheels, brake gear, sprung
buffer units, scale couplings, easy-to-assemble gearboxes and loco suspension units (both metal and plastic moulded hornguide versions). All
of our new range of wheels will be available, covering a large number of GN, GE, LNER and BR(E) locomotives, plus driving wheels for the GWR
King and SR N mogul. Detailed specifications will be found on Exactoscale’s website.
The P4Track Company provides easy-to-build, fully detailed track to P4 standards, and the range now includes kits for 1:8 diamond crossing
and single and double slips. A starter pack is available for those wishing to try their hand at track construction. Turnouts come as complete
kits with rails precision-cut to length, check rails formed to shape, crossing with wing rails pre-assembled, and switch rails assembled to their
adjacent stock rails — and include a complete set of correct pattern chairs. Only those skills needed to construct any detailed plastic kit are
required. Note that the special switch and crossing chairs used in the kits will now be available separately.
Extreme Etchings/Shawplan, 2 Upper Dunstead Road, Langley Mill, Nottinghamshire, NG16 4GR
Tel: 01773 718648 www.shawplan.com e-mail [email protected]
Stand number 16 first floor
Brian Hanson bought Shawplan Model Products from its originator Graham Shaw in July 2008 with the objective of developing the range of
nameplates and detailing components available to modellers of the diesel and electric era. Brian says: with the quality of RTR models available
from the main manufacturers these days it was clear that the aftermarket detailing range would need a thorough overhaul to keep up! So
why ‘Extreme’ etchings? Having worked in the engineering industry as a toolmaker for the best part of 25 years, I know attention to detail is
paramount: all of the new ‘Extreme Etchings’ range of components are meticulously researched and, wherever possible, measured from the
original, then drawn out at exact scale size in 4mm. This ‘no compromise’ approach leads to some quite challenging etching processes, making
the best use of modern etching techniques particularly for fine mesh and grille work. Widespread use is made of stainless steel as the etching
medium for strength (most of the roof fan grilles in the new range are 0.002” (.05mm) half etched down to 0.001”(.025mm) to create the
weave patterns!). Future plans include expanding the detailing components/nameplates range, introducing a new range of laser-cut ‘plug n’
play’ glazing and looking to develop fully-sprung locomotive drive systems/bogies. Please feel free to come over and have a look around, or
just stop by for a chat!
Falcon Figures, 20 Millvale Meadows, Milland, Liphook, Hampshire, GU30 7LZ Tel: 01428 741426
e-mail [email protected]
Stand number 10 first floor
Falcon Figures is a new trader to Scaleforum this year. The Masterpiece figures range has been around for nearly twenty years, specialising
in finescale figures which have detail and character. Our greatest ranges are for the finescale 4mm modeller, with cab crews now being produced
for the detailed cabs of specific classes of locos. We also do quality figures for the 7mm and On30 modellers, and all our figures are cast in
good quality lead-free pewter. All of the 4mm ranges are also available as painted sets. A fully illustrated list is available, and mail order is a
speciality.
Finney and Smith, 21 Bellott Drive, Corsham, Wiltshire, SN13 9UQ Tel: 01249 714085
www.finneyandsmith.co.uk e-mail [email protected]
Stand number 34 main hall
Dave Finney, Nick Smith and Mike Corp are 3mm scale specialists, but offer tools and materials of interest to modellers in all scales. They
import the Bachrus rolling road, Hoffman point motor, The Right Clamp, Mashima motors, and their own even smaller motors, as well as “Hold
and Fold” and “Brass Assist” tools, and a special slim version of the High Level gearbox. In stock is also a large range of brass rod, tube and
milled profiles. Bachrus Saddles for the variable-gauge rolling road system include Series 60 for 23mm to 45mm gauges, Series 50 for 11mm
to 23mm gauges and the Series 40 for gauges smaller than 11mm. These are adjustable to any gauge within the range. The saddles consist
of a pair of ball-bearing rollers (to support one driving axle) and stirrups (plain supports of various lengths to support bogie, tender wheels
etc.). A new speedometer accessory is now available. The Right Clamp assembly jig is designed to hold flat materials square to each other
for gluing or other tasks and is available in six sizes. Now there is also the Splice Clamp for straight butt joints in three sizes. The Hoffman
MWA02-S point machine (now with speed control) is small, silent and easy to install, and for this there is also available an accessory kit which
gives the motor vertical action for signals and has inserts for a hole in the baseboard. An extra switch, which just screws on, is also available.
Scaleforum Guide 2011
Gramodels, 18 Lower Tail, Carpenders Park, Watford, WD19 5DD Tel:07833 364272
www.gramodels.co.uk e-mail [email protected]
Stand number 49 main hall
Gramodels offer a unique range of hand-produced military vehicles cast in resin for use as wagon loads and other displays such as Nissen huts
and pillboxes. A Warflat wagon is available to carry these vehicles. Newly available is a 2mm scale ash plant and coaling tower. All kits are
manufactured to a high degree of accuracy and detail.
Golden Age Models, PO Box 888, Swanage, Dorset, BH19 9AE Tel: 01929 480210
www.goldenagemodels.net
e-mail [email protected]
Stand number 45 main hall
Golden Age Models specialise in the production of fully-finished, ready-to-run, high quality brass models of Pullman cars in 4mm scale, as well
as O gauge and gauge 1. The 4mm scale models are provided with 00 or P4 wheels as required, and bogies have sprung axleboxes. The
range includes brake, parlour, bar, and kitchen cars, as well as the Devon Belle observation car. A recent addition to the range is a 5-car
Brighton Belle set and a range of A4 steam locomotives. Further steam locomotive models are planned, including the Merchant Navy class
along with other types of coaches.
Green Scene, 60 Holly Mount, Worcester, WR4 9SF Tel: 01905 24298
www.green-scene.co.uk e-mail [email protected]
Stand number 44 main hall
Green Scene manufactures a range of high-quality scenic modelling accessories. Products include track ballast, scatter and foliage materials,
tree-making kits, and even snow and water. Other products include a textured bark finish for trees Also available is a landscaping compound,
which contains natural fibres mixed with a plaster with high mechanical strength.
G W Models, 11 Croshaw Close, Lancing, West Sussex, BN15 9LE Tel: 01903 767231
Stand number 35 main hall
George Watts will have available his range of tools for the modeller, including quartering jigs, wheel pullers, bending rollers, bending bars,
precision rivet embossing tools and back-to-back gauges. Also available will be a range of good quality second-hand model railway and
prototype railway magazines.
High Level Kits, 14 Tudor Road, Chester-le-Street, County Durham, DH3 3RY Tel: 0191 388 2112
www.highlevelkits.co.uk e-mail [email protected]
Stand number 7 first floor
Despite the recession, High Level Kits still have their full range of loco kits in production – the Black Hawthorn and Neilson Y5 0-4-0STs in
particular prove that you don’t need to build a ‘King’ or ‘Royal Scot’ to experience the pleasures of putting together an absolutely state-of-the-art
loco kit. The well-established ‘Precision’ range of gearboxes is the automatic choice of many modellers in the post-Portescap era; and if you’re
having problems describing how best to motorise your next loco project, bring it along (with drawings if possible), and Chris will advise.
Reflecting recent trends towards a marriage of convenience between finescale modelling and top-end RTR, High Level have a growing range
of chassis kits for such popular locos as the Bachmann ‘Jinty’, Pannier tank, and the Hornby/Dapol ‘Pug’ – the latest are the Dean Goods and
a tender chassis for GWR prototypes. The needs of kit- and scratchbuilders are not forgotten, and the most exciting development here is a
modular system for installing continuous springy beams (CSBs). The key elements are High Level’s hornblocks and carrier tags, which work
in conjunction with a simple jig for setting up the CSB supports using a set of fixed dimensions (available online by courtesy of Russ Elliot).
Hobby Holidays, The Spinney, Low Street, Beckingham, Doncaster, South Yorkshire, DN10 4PY
Tel: 01427 848979 www.hobbyholidays.co.uk e-mail [email protected]
Stand number 26 main hall
Hobby Holidays run specialist workshops where you can learn from a range of expert modellers, while enjoying good company and good
farmhouse food. Phil Atkinson designed and makes the “Master Chassis”, a precision-made jig to aid assembly of solid, compensated or sprung
chassis. Along with ball bearings, he sells a huge range of brass and plastic sections, glues, solvents, screws etc,, and some top quality tools
and soldering stations.
Inter-City Models, ‘Holbrook’, The Moors, Porthleven, Cornwall, TR13 9JX. Tel. 01326 569200.
www.intercitymodels.com, E-mail: [email protected].
Stand number 19 main hall
We are Britain’s most southerly model railway shop, producing our own range of kits and detailing parts for the post-modernisation period in
OO and O. We have just moved to larger premises, in which there will be a working model railway. We also stock Bachmann, Cambrian, C-Rail,
Dapol, DC Kits, Deluxe Materials, Eckon Signals, Evergreen Styrene, Exactoscale, Expo tools, Gaugemaster, Heljan, Hornby, K & S Metals,
Kestrel Designs, Noch, Parkside Dundas, P4Track Co., PECO, ‘PreCut’ Signs, Railmatch Paint, Ratio, Romford, Shawplan, Shire Scenes, Smith’s
couplings, Superquick, ‘Superollers’, Tracksetta Gauges, ViTrains and Wills, as well as glues, fillers, scenic materials, BA nuts and bolts, motor
and axle bearings, adjustable legs, joiners and alignment dowels for baseboard construction, and all those difficult-to-get items for the modeller.
We are the sole UK distributor of ‘ModelTorque’ replacement Lima motors, and we have just started producing a range of etched cabside and
smokebox number plates for BR(WR) locos. We offer a full mail order service, accepting all major credit and debit cards.
Judith Edge Kits, 5 Chapel Lane, Carlton, Barnsley, South Yorkshire, S71 3LE Tel: 01226 722309
ww.ukmodelshops.co.uk/calalogues/judithedge.html
E-mail [email protected]
Stand number 2 first floor
Judith Edge Kits produce an expanding range of etched brass kits covering diesel and electric locomotives, both industrial and BR prototypes.
Recent releases include a 35T Hunslet 0-4-0 DH, 6 wheel Steelman, the early LMS 0-6-0 DH, and our first steam loco, the Hunslet 15 inch
0-6-0 ST.
London Road Models, PO Box 643, Watford, Hertfordshire, WD24 5DZ
www.londonroadmodels.co.uk
Stand number 20 main hall
London Road Models began supplying 4mm etched kits in 1988 with a range of LNWR 50-foot carriages. Since then the range has steadily
expanded, providing one of the largest ranges of kits for the pre- and post-Grouping periods. Recent releases include the LNWR Teutonic
2-2-2-0, etched entirely in nickel silver and supplied with an 1800 gallon tender. Other new kits include the LT&SR class I 4-4-2 tank and the
LNWR 2-4-2 radial tank. Planned additions to the range include the LNWR D14 long-wheelbase timber truck and two NLR tank locos.
Martin Finney Locomotive Kits, 1 Poolestown Cottages, Thornhill,
Stalbridge, Stuminster Newton, Dorset, DT10 3SQ Tel. 01963 362400
http://website.lineone.net/~cbwesson/
E-mail: [email protected]
Stand number 28 main hall
Martin will have on sale his complete range of high-quality etched 4mm
locomotive kits portraying GWR, LNER and LSWR prototypes. Also on sale will
be the well received wagon kits for LSWR 18’ low-roofed vans. One kit builds
virtually all the variations of 10’ 6” wheelbase un-fitted vans with a timber
underframe – SR diagrams 1410, 1413 and1484. The second kit builds the 11’
0” wheelbase fitted vans – SR diagrams 1401 and 1481. In addition, a selection
of etched detailing parts will be available.
Mike King – Southern Drawings, 16 Barricane, St Johns Hill Road,
Woking, Surrey, GU21 7RB
Stand number 14 first floor
Mike King returns to Scaleforum with his range of 4mm scale drawings of
Southern Railway, Southern Region, and the constituent pre-Grouping companies’
coaches, wagons and Pullman cars, including livery and lettering details and
historical notes. The range now numbers almost 250 drawings and covers the
Harton Gill
Scaleforum Guide 2011
period 1870 to the 1990s, so if your modelling interest falls within this period, you can’t fail to find something of interest. Please see list for
current prices and availability. Drawings are available by post (sent rolled) from the above address.
Mike Thorp (Photographs), New House Cottage, Provender Lane, Norton, Faversham, Kent, ME13 0ST
Tel: 01795 520169
Stand number 48 main hall
Mike will have on display some 15,000 black and white pictures of railway stations, locomotives etc, covering the pre-Grouping period up to
the early 1970s. All major and some minor UK railway companies are covered, along with a selection of some European railways and others
from further afield. Many prints by LPC/F. Moore, Real Photos and L&GRP are on offer, together with new glossy prints on double weight card
by Jim Ashton covering post-war SR and BR(S) locomotives, coaches and scenes.
Model Railway Developments, 6 The Square, Carshalton, Surrey, SM5 3BN Tel: 0845 644 1101
www.emardee.org.uk e-mail [email protected]
Stand number 35 main hall
Model Railway Developments is primarily devoted to providing better models, which are easier to build and build well. The present range includes
4mm scale components (00, EM and P4). On sale will be our improvement kits for the Ratio model of the GWR Iron Mink, and the Cooper Craft
cattle van. We also offer a simple jig for fitting rainstrips to the roofs of GWR vans. We produce a wagon underframe system, including brakegear,
for 9ft wheelbase wagons (RCH standard) and also a simple torsion sprung set of components including a wheelbase jig, w-irons etc. We are
now producing a range of more than 30 types of sprung buffers, for wagons and coaches, together with basic bogies to suit all common coach
bogies from 7ft. to 10ft wheel base. These provide a simple frame with swing link. Our coach underframe system is a simple frame with
adjustable cross members and bogie pivots, on which all the underneath details can be mounted. Finally, we can offer the full range of the
Victorian Collection – the 4mm scale cast figures and animals.
Mousa Models (Bill Bedford), 745 High Road, Leytonstone, London, E11 4QS Tel: 020 8133 7547
www.mousa.biz e-mail [email protected]
Stand number 13 first floor
Mousa Models is introducing a completely new range of resin-based kits of coaches, wagons and locomotives. The aim is to simplify building
by reducing the content-count to the minimum. Look out for Metropolitan coaches, a S&DJR loco, and wagons from the NSR, NER and others.
MMS Models, PO Box 626, Folkestone, Kent, CT20 9AF 07887 623286
www.mmsmodels.co.uk E-mail [email protected]
Stand number 6 first floor
MMS models represent the pinnacle in white metal construction kits. Four ranges feature the vehicles, guns and troops of WW2, in constant
1:76 scale. The new “Civvy St.” range of pre and post-war transport models adds an extra dimension. Robust and easy to assemble, MMS
models are ideally suited to wargamers and yet, have the accuracy and wealth of detail that gives satisfaction to serious model makers.
Noodle Books and Kevin Robertson, PO Box 279, Corhampton, Southampton, Hampshire, SO32 3ZX
Tel. 01489 877880 www.kevinrobertsonbooks.co.uk E-mail [email protected]
Stand number 38 main hall
Kevin Robertson is a specialist retailer of books relating to transport, railways and railway modelling. He will have on sale an extensive collection
of new railway books, covering a wide range of prototype and modelling topics for you to browse and purchase. There is usually a selection
of special show bargains available, so buy early before they disappear. Kevin also publishes in his own right under the Noodle Books imprint,
which includes the flagship title Southern Way. Why not register for Kevin’s e-mailed newsletter for monthly updates on new arrivals and
special offers?
Parkside Dundas, Millie Street, Kirkcaldy, Fife, KY1 2NL Tel/Fax 01592 640896
www.parksidedundas.co.uk E-mail : [email protected]
Stand number 17 main hall
The Parkside Dundas stand has a wealth of 4mm scale injection-moulded plastic rolling stock kits covering the railway scene, chiefly from 1910
onwards. The range comprises over 75 complete kits, together with underframe kits and other accessories. The celebrated wheel exchange
service will operate for those modelling to the finer standards. A recent addition to the range has been the LNER Horse Box Diagram 5. Also
on sale are Modelmaster and Old Time Workshop transfers, many of which have been produced specifically for the Parkside range of kits. New
this year is the Hollar Models range of wagon posters. Red Panda, C-RAIL Intermodal and Chivers kits will be available. A selection of 009
narrow gauge loco and rolling stocks will also be on sale. Parkside Dundas are steadily introducing new models, so a visit to their stand is
essential to find out what is new and to take an opportunity perhaps to suggest future kits.
Phoenix Precision Paints, PO Box 8238, Chelmsford, Essex, CM1 7WY
Tel: 01268 730549
www.phoenix-paints.co.uk e-mail [email protected]
Stand number 47 main hall
This extensive range of authentic railway colours covering the whole range of railway development in the UK from pre-Grouping to the current
period will be on sale, together with varnishes, primers and thinners. Where possible, paints are based on official specifications. With a range
of almost 400 colours, most needs can be met. Also available is an extensive range of traction engine and bus colours, along with the SuperClean
airbrush cleaning spray and SuperStrip paint remover for the removal of factory-applied finishes on plastic models. We also have on sale a
range of pure sable brushes ranging from No. 6 to 0000 at prices well below those found in art shops.
Railroom Electronics, c/o 20 Avon Drive, Wareham, Dorset, BH20 4EL Tel: 01929 550623
www.rail-room-electronics.co.uk E-mail [email protected] .
Stand number 22 main hall
We stock a comprehensive range of the following items: Viessmann, Langley Models, Model Power & Railroom Electronics range of working
street, platform & yard lamps. Eckon, Berko, Traintronics, Model Power and Viessmann colour light signals, Peco, Hornby, Seep, Cobalt ,Tortoise
and Fulgurex point motors and accessories, DCC products, ESU, Hornby, Gaugemaster & Bachmann. We also stock a large range of electrical
and electronic components, a range of working tail lamps in N, OO and O gauge, and control modules for shuttle working, fire and welding
modules and level crossing control. Other products include a motor and gearbox kit for Peco turntables, and a range of gears, motors, shafts and
accessories. All major credit and debit cards and Paypal are accepted. Mail order only.
Road Transport Images, 17 Foxdene Road, Seasalter, Whitstable, Kent, CT5 4QY
www.roadtransportinages.com
Stand number 42 main hall
Frank Waller produces a large and evolving range of 4mm lineside classic and modern road transport vehicles, cast in resin with whitemetal
wheels and detailing parts. Accuracy and details are on a par with much larger scale models and the entire range is sold as a modular system
rather than as complete kits. This enables you to assemble the exact vehicle you require. Make your choice from the 60 cabs, 12 chassis
types, 40 bodies and 24 different types of wheel profiles which are currently available. The cabs are also interchangeable with EFE and Trackside
models. To complement the vehicle kits is a selection of articulated and drawbar trailer kits, seven unsheeted loads and 90+ waterslide transfers.
Transfers include British Road Services door roundels, lettering, group and fleet numbers as well as prototype vehicle operators. This year
there will be a selection of ex-exhibition display models for sale at very reasonable prices, which will equate to the cost of the parts used and
approximately £25-30 on cost for labour. A real opportunity, so the earlier you visit, the better the selection.
Roger Carpenter, 407 Highters Heath Lane, Hollywood, Birmingham, B14 4TH Tel: 1221 430 8769
Stand number 46 main hall
A wide selection of subjects are available, mainly in postcard size, featuring locomotives, trains, stations and lineside subjects. These cover
the whole of the UK and Ireland and include minor, light and industrial railways, some continental railways and some tramway views. All these
subjects cover the period from the 1890s to the 1900s. Included in Roger’s stock are prints from the “Lens of Sutton” collection, and lists
relating to this collection will be available to purchase.
Scaleforum Guide 2011
Roxey Mouldings, 58 Dudley Road, Walton-on-Thames, Surrey,
KT12 2JU Tel: 01932 245439 www.roxeymouldings.co.uk
e-mail: [email protected]
Stand number 35 main hall
The Roxey Mouldings range contains a comprehensive selection of
etched brass coach and EMU kits and accessories for the Southern
Railway and its constituent companies, together with the GWR, S&DJR
and Metropolitan Railway. Where appropriate, kits feature milled brass
trussing and working Pullman gangways. Also available is a range of
etched and cast kits for locomotives and wagons. Complementing
these is a selection of etched detailing parts and rub-down transfers.
The transfers include a sheet for BR Southern Region coaches with
set numbers, coach numbers and van loads. Dave also sells
Mashima/Tenshodo motor and bogies. Visit the website for the secure
Roxey online store.
Evenstow.
Photo: David Brandreth
RT Models, 141 Wenlock Road, Shrewsbury, SY2 6JZ
www.rtmodels.co.uk E-mail [email protected]
Stand number 15 first floor
RT Models caters mainly for 4mm scale with standard and narrow gauge kits and parts covering the mainline and industrial railways. The range
of kits and parts is ever increasing and also includes the former Bal Models and Clarke kits ranges.
South Eastern Finecast, Glenn House, Hartfield Road, Forest Road, East Sussex, RH18 5DZ
Tel: 01342 824711 www.sefinecast.co.uk e-mail [email protected]
Stand number 31 main hall
South Eastern Finecast produces a comprehensive range of locomotive kits, ranging from the diminutive SECR crane tank to the LNER W1
“Hush Hush”. Most kits include an etched chassis, and these are available separately. A selection of tender kits is also available. The New
Style kits also incorporate an etched chassis. Several new products are under development, and Dave Ellis will be pleased to discuss progress
so far. South Eastern Finecast also manufactures turntable kits in 10½ inch and 12 inch sizes, which have textured wall surfaces and a moulded
ballrace insert. Large vacuum-formed building sheets of brickwork, in a range of bonds, are available together with a range of other products
including Flushglaze windows and Romford wheels.
Southwark Bridge Models, 7 Carne Close, Chandler’s Ford, Eastleigh, Hampshire, SO3 1HH
Tel: 02380 262414 www.sbmodels.org e-mail [email protected]
Stand number 29 main hall
Southwark Bridge Models produce a range of more than 60 coach and rolling stock kits plus lineside accessories, mainly based on LSWR and
GWR prototypes. The range includes Engineers’ Dept vehicles, Toad and brake vans, directors’ saloons, 6-wheel block sets and other coaching
stock. Custom transfers are available for the kits in the range. Accessories include point levers, barrows, platform seats, signal and signal
ladders, and a selection of period bicycles. The aim is to produce high quality kits with little or no compromise from the prototype, yet which
fit together easily and accurately, with clear and comprehensive instructions.
Ten Commandments, 20 Struan Drive, Inverkeithing, Fife, KY11 1AR
Tel: 01383 410032
www.cast-in-stone.co.uk
e-mail [email protected]
Stand number 40 main hall
Ten Commandments manufacture and supply a comprehensive selection of lineside and scenic detailing accessories. As well as our own
Stonecast plaster range of wagon loads and accessories, we also now stock Peter Clark's range of modern accessories, selected items from
Roger Smith, and Pro Arte paintbrushes. Our full range is available from our stand or direct via our fast mail order service, either by post /
phone or online from our website. We also produce items for 2mm / N and 7mm / O gauges. Stop by and see what is new and, if needed, ask
for advice about using and painting of our products.
247 Developments, Seven Acres, Meltham Road, Marsden, West Yorkshire, HD7 6JZ
Tel:01484 840996
www.247developments.co.uk
Stand number 39 main hall
We offer a range of steam era nameplates, smokebox plates, shed codes and works plates. The big four and British Railways are well represented
with a small range of pre-Grouping names and numbers. Also available are etched brass coach side overlays, with a range of TPO sides and
parts for the LMS, LNWR, GWR, LNER, M&GN, and HR, together with coach detailing parts in brass and whitemetal, suitable for RTR-modifiers,
kit-bashers and scratchbuilders. Loco detailing parts include: crankpins, vac. pipes, whistles, darts, balance weights, bearings, fire irons,
three-link couplings, cast whitemetal parts, and a selection of related reference books. Cast whitemetal figures comprise: loco crews, ashpit
gangs, cleaners, maintenance staff. Have a browse on our website, or call us on the phone. Ask! We might just have it . . .
Wild Swan Publications, 1-3 Hagbourne Road, Didcot, Oxfordshire QX11 8DP 01235 816478
Stand number 21 main hall
Wild Swan publishes Model Railway Journal as well as a range of magazines covering prototype material of the GWR, MR, LMS and BR.
Back-numbers of all of these will be available, together with the extensive range of high quality books on modelling and prototype topics.
Recent new publications will be on sale.
Wizard Models, PO Box 70, Barton upon Humber, DN18 5XY Tel/Fax 01652 635885 [24 hrs]
Mobile:0778 894 0312
www.wizardmodels.co.uk e-mail: [email protected]
Stand number 42 main hall
The MSE arm of Wizard Models produces the most comprehensive range of semaphore signalling parts in 4mm (and other) scales. These are
packaged in component form for the modeller to construct signalling in the same way as the prototype: arms, finials, posts, brackets and
accessories are selected and assembled, enabling you to recreate most prototype designs on your layout. A number of complete kits for the
more common prototypes are also available, as are the first parts in a new range of colour light signals. The first in a new range of "ready-to-run"
semaphore signals may also be on sale. Items such as lever frames, and level crossings are provided in kit form to complete the range.
Wizard Models is also the parent of the 51L range of 4mm scale locomotive, carriage and wagon kits and components. This range is continuing
to expand, with new wagon kits in development covering prototypes from around 1900 to the present day. Also available exclusively from
Wizard Models are the Sprat & Winkle Line and DG autocouplings for 2, 3, 4 and 7mm scales. We also carry a range of useful materials for the
modeller, including point motors, solvents, solder, and fluxes. For details of all our products, ask for a price list on the stand, send five first
class stamps to the above address, or visit the web site, where you can shop online.
York Model Making & Display Ltd, Unit 13, The Bull Commercial Centre, Stockton-on-the Forest, York, YO32 9LE
Tel: 01904 400358 www.yorkmodelmaking.com
e-mail [email protected]
Stand number 11 first floor
Laser cutting offers affordable perfection for scratchbuilders and kit-bashers. Bring your buildings to life with ready-cut windows, doors,
valances, canopy brackets and roof tiles, all with realistic relief. Or use our bespoke service for the bits you can’t buy off the shelf or unique
kits for buildings and wagons. For ordering information, please visit our stand or website.
ZTC Controls, PO Box 4454, Yeovil, Somerset, BA20 9EZ Tel: 01963 441219
www.ztccontrols.co.uk e-mail [email protected]
Stand number 41 main hall
ZTC Controls is the only supplier of DCC equipment manufactured in England and under the ownership of Neil Kinison aims to provide a friendly
and helpful service to both existing and new customers. Please contact us for your DCC requirements.
Scaleforum Guide 2011
Published as part of Scalefour News No. 174. Edited and designed by Jim Summers for the Scalefour Society.
Copyright is held by the authors, photographers and the Society.