APPENDIX B Bioband Descriptions, Biological Exposure Definitions

Transcription

APPENDIX B
Bioband Descriptions, Biological Exposure Definitions, Selected Maps of Bioband
Distributions
Appendix B Table of Contents
Illustrated Definitions of Biobands..................................................................... B-2
Illustrated Biological Exposure Definitions ....................................................... B-16
Mapped distributions of Selected Biobands ....................................................... B-21
Appendix B List of Tables
B-1 The Supratidal Zone Bioband: Splashzone (VER) ....................................
B-2 The Supratidal Zone Wetland Biobands: Dune Grass (GRA), Sedge
(SED), Marsh Grasses & Herbs (SAL) ......................................................
B-3 The Upper Intertidal Bioband: Barnacle (BAR) ........................................
B-4 The Upper Intertidal Zone Bioband: Rockweed (FUC) ............................
B-5 The Intertidal Zone Bioband: Green Algae (ULV) ...................................
B-6 The Intertidal Zone Bioband: Blue Mussel (BMU) ...................................
B-7 The Intertidal Zone Bioband: Bleached Red Algae (HAL2).....................
B-8 The Intertidal Zone Bioband: Red Algae (RED2) .....................................
B-9 The Lower Intertidal and Nearshore Zone Bioband: Surfgrass (SUR) .....
B-10 The Lower Intertidal and Nearshore Zone Bioband: Alaria (ALA) ..........
B-11 The Lower Intertidal and Nearshore Zone Bioband: Soft Brown
Kelps (SBR2).............................................................................................
B-12 The Lower Intertidal and Nearshore Zone Bioband: Dark Brown
Kelps (CHB2)
B-13 The Lower Intertidal and Nearshore Zone Bioband: Eelgrass (ZOS) .......
B-14 The Nearshore Subtidal Zone Bioband: Bull Kelp (NER) ........................
B-15 Summary Table of Indicator and Associated Species and their Typical
Biobands, for the Gulf Island Biological Exposure Categories ................
B-16 Examples of SEMI-EXPOSED ShoreZone Units .....................................
B-17 Examples of SEMI-PROTECTED ShoreZone Units ................................
B-18 Examples of PROTECTED ShoreZone Units ...........................................
B-19 Examples of VERY PROTECTED ShoreZone Units ...............................
B-2
B-3
B-4
B-5
B-6
B-7
B-8
B-9
B-10
B-11
B-12
B-13
B-14
B-15
B-16
B-17
B-18
B-19
B-20
Appendix B List of Figures
B-1
B-2
B-3
B-4
B-5
Blue Mussel (BMU) bioband in the Gulf Islands mapping area ...............
Bull Kelp (NER) bioband in the Gulf Islands mapping area.....................
Lower intertidal bioband combinations in the Gulf Islands mapping area
Seagrass biobands in the Gulf Islands mapping area.................................
Wetland biobands in the Gulf Islands mapping area .................................
Gulf Islands NP Summary Report
B-1
B-21
B-22
B-23
B-24
B-25
22 March 2005
Illustrated Definitions of BIOBANDS
Table B-1 The Supratidal Zone Bioband: Splashzone (VER)
Zone
A
Bio-band
Name
Splash Zone
Database
Label
VER
Colour
Black or bare
rock
Indicator Species
Verrucaria sp.
Encrusting black
lichens
Physical Description
Visible as a dark stripe, on bare rock, marking the
upper limit of the intertidal zone. This band is
observed on bedrock, or on low energy
boulder/cobble shorelines.
Note: This band is recorded by width
•
Narrow (N) = less than 1m
•
Medium (M) = 1m to 5m
•
Wide (W) = more than 5m
Associate
Species
Exposure
Width varies
with
exposure.
N=VP-SP
M=SP-SE
W=SE-VE
Littorina
sp.
At the southern end of Moresby Island, the dark black splash zone shows
as a medium-width in the supratidal zone of this semi-protected rock
platform.
The narrow splashzone VER band in the splash zone is visible here, above a
thick barnacle (BAR) band on Reay Island.
GIAV04_Jul30_CD4\ GIAVI04_1619JPG
B-2
22 March 2005
Table B-2 The Supratidal Zone Wetland Biobands: Dune Grass (GRA), Sedges (SED), Marsh Grasses & Herbs (SAL)
Zone
A
Bio-band
Name
Dune Grass
A
Sedges
A
Marsh
grasses,
herbs and
sedges
Database
Label
Colour
Indicator
Species
GRA
Pale blue-green
Leymus
mollis
SED
Bright green,
yellow-green to redbrown. Often
appears as a mosaic
of greens.
Carex sp.
SAL
Light/ bright, green
Found in the upper intertidal zone, on dunes or beach
berms. This band is often the only band present on
high-energy beaches. Terrestrial herb band will be
found above this band depending on elevation.
Appears in wetlands around lagoons and estuaries
and sometimes as a fringing band below GRA along
more protected shoreline. Usually associated with
freshwater. This band can exist as a wide flat pure
stand, commonly bordered by a PUC band.
Appears in wetlands around lagoons, marshes, and
estuaries. Salt-tolerant herbaceous plants, Salicornia,
marsh grasses, dune grasses – mix of salt-tolerant
vascular plants This band is distinguished from the
dune grass band by its colour.
Salicornia
virginica
A view of the ‘Salicornia’ (SAL) band in a protected area The browner
areas are SAL, which is mixed with some brighter green SED type grasses
that show up as more textured areas further to the right in a protected area
of Sidney Island.
GIAV04_Jul30_CD4\ GIAVI04_1513.JPG
Exposur
e
Associate
Species
VP-SE
VP-SP
VP-SP
Carex sp.
salt-tolerant
grasses
other salttolerant herbs
Inside the re-curved spit at Sidney Island, all three wetland biobands were observed,
with Dune Grass (GRA) in the uppermost loglines, the mixed salt-tolerant herbs
(SAL) and the sedge-dominated (SED) biobands. .
B-3
22 March 2005
Table B-3 The Upper Intertidal Bioand: Barnacle (BAR)
Zone
Bio-band
Name
Database
Label
upper B
Barnacle
BAR
Colour
Grey-white
Indicator Species
Balanus sp.
Semibalanus sp.
Exposure
Visible on bedrock or large boulders. Can
form an extensive band in higher exposures
where algae have been grazed away.
P-SE
Associate Species
Endocladia muricata
Porphyra sp.
Fucus sp.
This smooth, wide rock platform on the east side of Domville Island has a
wide Barnacle (BAR) band above thin Green Algae and Red Algae (ULV and
RED2) bands. Nearshore is a Bull Kelp band (NER).
There is a frosting of barnacles (BAR) on the upper portion of this
cobble/pebble/boulder beach above the band of Green Algae (ULV) on
Brackman Island off Portland Island in Shute Passage.
B-4
22 March 2005
Table B-4 The Upper Intertidal Zone Bioband: Rockweed (FUC)
Zone
Bio-band
Name
Database
Label
Colour
upper B
Rockweed
FUC
Golden-brown
Indicator Species
Fucus sp.
Exposure
Appears on bedrock cliffs and boulder, cobble or
gravel beaches. Commonly occurs at the same
elevation as the barnacle band.
P-SE
Associate Species
Balanus sp.
Semibalanus sp.
Ulva sp.
The rockweed band (FUC) on this platform on the north side of Kerr Island is
a characteristic golden colour, and occurs above the Green Algae (ULV) and
the Red Algae (RED2) bands.
The Rockweed (FUC) band in this unit is mixed with the Green Algae (ULV)
band and is showing up as a darker brown area above the bright green band.
This example is from the shore of Russel Island.
B-5
22 March 2005
Table B-5 The Intertidal Zone Bioband: Green Algae (ULV)
Zone
mid B
Bio-band
Name
Green Algae
Database
Label
ULV
Colour
Bright green
Indicator Species
Exposure
Ulva/Ulvaria spp.
Monostroma sp
Enteromorpha
Found on a variety of substrates. This band can
consist of filamentous and/or foliose green algae.
Filamentous species often form a low turf of dark
green. Seen as an epiphyte in the C zone
generally on ZOS and SBR.
VP-SE
Associate Species
Red algae.
On this semi-protected, partially mobile cobble/boulder beach on D'Arcy
Island, the Green Algae band (ULV) is visible as a bright emerald green.
At this shore station, on the northern end of Portland Island, a wide, lush ULV
band was observed on the cobble/boulder beach.
Stn2PortlandIs_JL2_04\ DSCN1756.JPG
B-6
22 March 2005
Table B-6 The Intertidal Zone Bioband: Blue Mussel (BMU)
Zone
mid B
Bio-band
Name
Blue Mussels
Database
Label
BMU
Colour
Black or blueblack
Indicator Species
Mytilus trossulus
Visible on bedrock and on boulder, cobble or
gravel beaches. Appears in dense clusters that
form distinct black patches or bands, either above
or below the barnacle band. Commonly observed
in areas of Fraser River plume influence.
Exposure
P-SE
Associate Species
Fucus sp.
Balanus sp.
Filamentous red
algae.
limpets
The blue mussels in the lower intertidal of this rock platform are showing up
as a dark black band on East Point, Saturna Island.
The southern point of Curlew Island is in the middle of a strong tidal current.
The dark patches in the middle of the Green Algae band are dense blue mussel
beds (BMU band).
B-7
22 March 2005
Table B-7 The Intertidal Zone Bioband: Bleached Red Algae (HAL2)
Zone
lower B
Bio-band
Name
Bleached Red
Algae
Database
Label
HAL2
Colour
Indicator Species
Exposure
Olive, golden
or yellowbrown
Bleached red algae,
coralline algae and
other small algae
Prionitis sp.
Leathesia sp.
Gelidium sp.
Gastroclonium sp.
Common on bedrock platforms, and cobble or
gravel beaches. Distinguished from the RED
band by colour. In Strait of Georgia,
characterized by low moss-like turf of Gelidium,
encrusted with diatoms.
SP-SE
The Bleached Red Algae band (HAL2) is seen here on the lower bedrock ramp, near
Cabbage Island.
GIAVI04_2965.jpg
B-8
Associate Species
Filamentous green
algae
In a close-up view, the Bleached Red Algae band (HAL2) is a low turf of bleached
filamentous red algae (Gelidium sp) encrusted with diatoms and silt from the Fraser
River plume. This station is near Cabbage Island, on Tumbo Island.
DSCN1915.jpg
22 March 2005
Table B-8 The Intertidal Zone Bioband: Red Algae (RED2)
Zone
lower B
Bio-band
Name
Red Algae
Database
Label
RED2
Colour
Indicator Species
Corallines:
pink or white
Corallina sp.
Lithothamnion sp.
Foliose or
filamentous:
Dark red,
bright red, or
red-brown.
Microcladia sp.
Mazzaella sp.
Odonthalia sp.
Neorhodomela sp.
Exposure
Associate Species
Appears on most substrates except fine
sediments. Lush coralline algae indicates highest
exposures; diversity of foliose red algae indicates
medium to high exposures, and filamentous
species, often mixed with green algae, occur at
medium and lower exposures. Observed in
current dominated passages in Strait of Georgia..
SE
Pisaster ochraceous
This low-lying semi-protected islet near Richardson Bay on Prevost Island,
shows a mixed filamentous and coralline red algae (RED2) patch on the point,
with thick Soft Brown Kelps (SBR2).
The lower intertidal Red Algae band (RED2) is prominent on this reef in a
semi-protected area near the north end of Forrest Island.
GIAV04_Jul31_CD6 \ GIAVI04_2752.JPG
B-9
22 March 2005
Table B-9 The Lower Intertidal and Nearshore Zone Bioband: Surfgrass (SUR)
Zone
B&C
Bio-band
Name
Surfgrass
Database
Label
SUR
Colour
Bright green
Indicator Species
Phyllospadix sp.
Exposure
Appears in tidepools on rock platforms, and other
higher energy shorelines in the southern Strait of
Georgia. Always associated with coarse or
immobile substrate, blades often encrusted with
epiphytes.
SP-SE
Associate Species
Foliose and
coralline red algae
Bright green surfgrass is visible in the lower intertidal and extending down
into the subtidal of this semi-protected area on D'Arcy Island. It can easily be
distinguished from the emerald green ULV band here.
The bright green surfgrass forms an extensive bed amongst the soft brown kelps
in the subtidal of this islet at Salias Rocks, at the south end of Sidney Island.
B-10
22 March 2005
Table B-10 The Lower Intertidal and Nearshore Zone Bioband: Alaria (ALA)
Zone
Bio-band
Name
Database
Label
Colour
Indicator Species
mid B
Oyster
OYS
White
Crassostrea gigas
Forming a band in only a few areas within the
Strait of Georgia, not present in other areas of
BC.
Exposure
P-SP
Associate Species
Fucus sp.
Annette Inlet on Prevost Island is a protected bay with mud flats. The Oyster
band (OYS) was observed high in the intertid al and along the rock platforms.
This shore station picture shows oysters mixed with the Rockweed band at
Tumbo Island.
Stn5TumboIs_JL3_04\ DSCN1845.JPG
B-11
22 March 2005
Table B-11 The Lower Intertidal and Nearshore Zone Bioband: Soft Brown Kelps (SBR2)
Zone
B&C
Bio-band
Name
Soft brown
Kelps
Database
Label
SBR2
Colour
Yellow-brown,
olive brown or
brown.
Indicator Species
This band is defined by non-floating large
browns and can form lush bands in semiprotected areas. The kelp fronds have a ruffled
appearance and can be encrusted with diatoms
and bryozoans giving the blades a 'dusty'
appearance.
Sargassum
muticum
Laminaria
saccharina
Agarum sp.
Exposure
Associate Species
P-SP
Hedophyllum sessile
(bullate)
The Soft Brown Kelps (SBR2) here at Sidney Island have a ruffled appearance
and form an extensive lush band in the nearshore subtidal.
This shore station picture from the northern end of Portland Island shows a
thick, lush Soft Brown Kelps band emerging from the subtidal on the beach.
Stn2PortlandIs_JL2_04 \ DSCN1758.JPG
B-12
22 March 2005
Table B-12 The Lower Intertidal and Nearshore Zone Bioband: Dark Brown Kelps (CHB2)
Zone
B&C
Bio-band
Name
Dark brown
Kelps
Database
Label
CHB2
Colour
Dark chocolate
brown
Indicator Species
Alaria spp.
Pterygophora sp.
Found at higher wave exposures, these stalked
kelps grow in the lower intertidal. Blades are
leathery and shiny smooth. A mixture of species
occurs at the moderate wave exposures. Observed
in current dominated passages in Strait of
Georgia.
Exposure
Associate Species
SE
Usually mixed with
RED2
Pterygophora
californica
Between Horton Bay and St John Point on Mayne Island, this currentdominated area shows a Dark Brown Kelp band (CHB2) and mixed
filamentous and coralline RED band.
This shore station photo shows the stipes of eroded Dark Brown Kelps (CHB2)
sticking up from a mixture of Red Algae and other large brown algae, on the
shore of Tumbo Island.
Stn6TumboIs_JL3_04\ DSCN1865.JPG
B-13
22 March 2005
Table B-13 The Lower Intertidal and Nearshore Zone Bioband: Eelgrass (ZOS)
Zone
B&C
Bio-band
Name
Eelgrass
Database
Label
ZOS
Colour
Bright to dark
green
Indicator Species
Zostera marina
Zostera japonica
Exposure
Commonly visible in estuaries, lagoons or
channels, generally in areas with fine sediments,
may extend slightly upslope into intertidal.
Eelgrass can occur in sparse patches or thick
dense meadows and is often heavily encrusted
with epiphytic blade red and/or mixed with ULV.
P-SP
Associate Species
Filamentous green
algae.
Foliose red algae.
There is a thick dense meadow of encrusted eelgrass (ZOS) in the shallow
subtidal of Bedwell Harbour off South Pender Island.
An extensive eelgrass bed is growing in this shallow bay on Samuel Island near
Winter Cove. The eelgrass exposed on the flats is covered in what appears to be
bleached epiphytes.
B-14
22 March 2005
Table B-14 The Nearshore Subtidal Zone Bioband: Bull Kelp (NER)
Zone
C
Bio-band
Name
Bull Kelp
Database
Label
NER
Colour
Dark brown
Indicator Species
Nereocystis
luetkeana
Exposure
A distinctive canopy-forming kelp with many
long strap-like blades growing from a single
floating bulb atop a long stipe. Can form an
extensive canopy in nearshore habitats. Often
indicates higher current areas if observed at lower
wave exposures.
SP-SE
Associate Species
Pterygophora
californica
This thick canopy of shiny brown bull kelp (NER band) is on the southern end
of Halibut Island.
Here bull kelp is forming an extensive canopy around Little D’Arcy Island. It
can be readily identified in the nearshore subtidal by the rope-like appearance of
the long shiny stipes.
GIAV04_Jul30_CD4\GIAVI04_1475.JPG
GIAV04_Jul30_CD3 \GIAVI04_1453.JPG
B-15
22 March 2005
Biological Exposure Definitions
Table B–15 Summary Table of Indicator and Associated Species and their Typical
Biobands, for the Gulf Island Biological Exposure Categories
Leymus mollis *
Dune Grass*
GRA*
Biological
Exposure***
VP
P
SP
<
< g
Carex spp *
Sedges*
Marsh grasses, herbs and
sedges*
Splash Zone**
Barnacle
Rockweed
Barnacle
Blue Mussel
SED*
<
n
n
SAL*
<
<
<
Upper
Intertidal
Species
Salicornia virginica *
Bioband Name
Bioband
Code
SE
n
Lower Intertidal and Nearshore Subtidal
< g g
n
Verrucaria**
VER
<
<
<
<
Balanus glandula
BAR
<
<
n
g
Fucus sp.
FUC
n
Semibalanus cariosus
BAR
g g
< g g
n
Mytilus trossulus
BMU
Ulva/ foliose green
< g g <
Green Algae
ULV
algae
<
<
Prionitis sp
Bleached Red Algae
HAL2
<
<
Leathesia sp
Bleached Red Algae
HAL2
<
<
Gelidium sp
Bleached Red Algae
HAL2
Odonthalia sp
Red Algae
RED2
g g
Mazzaella sp
Red Algae
RED2
g g
Neorhodomela sp
Red Algae
RED2
g g
g
Coralline red algae
Red Algae
RED2
g
Zostera marina/Z.
Eelgrass
ZOS
g g g
japonica
< g
Phyllospadix sp.
Surfgrass
SUR
<
n
Agarum sp.
Soft brown Kelps
SBR2
g n
< g <
n
Sargassum muticum
Soft brown Kelps
SBR2
Laminaria saccharina
< g
n
n
Soft brown Kelps
SBR2
morph
Alaria spp.
Dark brown Kelps
CHB2
g
n
Pterygorphora sp.
Dark brown Kelps
CHB2
g
n
Nereocystis luetkeana
Bull Kelp
NER
g g
*These species are associated with Wetland/ Estuary areas.
** the VER band is found at all exposures and the width of the band is used to indicate exposure. n =
>1m,<=1-5m, g = >5m
*** Exposure categories are: VP = Very Protected, P = Protected, SP = Semi-protected, SE = Semiexposed. The two highest wave exposures in the ShoreZone mapping system (Exposed and Very Exposed)
do not occur in the Strait of Georgia.
Key to symbols used:
Blank = species does not occur in this wave exposure
n
<
g
= species is sometimes associated with this wave exposure
= species is usually associated with this wave exposure
= indicator species for this wave exposure
B-16
22 March 2005
Table 16 Examples of SEMI-EXPOSED ShoreZone Units
This is a typical Straight of Georgia semi-exposed area on the outside of Mayne Island. At the top of the
rock ramp is a wide bare splash zone. Below that is the blue mussels (BMU) band showing Pisaster
predation scars. There is a bit of filamentous green algae (ULV) in the mid section and a big band of
mixed filamentous reds (RED2) at the water line. In the subtidal is a bit of Sargassum sp. (SBR2) and
stalked kelps (CHB2).
This current-dominated area at Bright Islet off Prevost Island has a wide barnacle (BAR) band and a
bright band of mixed reds (RED2). The subtidal includes a mix of leafy kelps (SBR2) and Alaria sp.
(CHB2) under a canopy of Nereocystis luetkeana (NER).
B-17
22 March 2005
Table 17 Examples of SEMI-PROTECTED ShoreZone Units
Here’s an example of a semi-protected wave exposure unit on the southern end of Brethour Island with
representative biobands: a medium splash zone (VER), barnacles (BAR) and rockweed (FUC) in the
upper intertidal, green algae (ULV) mixed with some red algae (RED2) in the lower and soft brown kelps
(SBR2) and bull kelp (NER) in the nearshore subtidal.
A small semi-protected island with clear examples of bandingvisible: Barnacles (BAR) and rockweed
(FUC) on the rocks, green (ULV) and soft-brown (SBR2) algae on the flats with the browns descending
into the subtidal under a thick bull kelp (NER) forest.
B-18
22 March 2005
Table 18 Examples of PROTECTED ShoreZone Units
This sand/pebble beach on North Pender Island in Bedwell Harbour would be classified as protected with
the green algae (ULV) covering the lower flats and a mix of soft brown kelps (SBR2) and eelgrass (ZOS)
in the subtidal.
The presence of only green algae (ULV), eelgrass (ZOS), and soft brown kelps (SBR2) along this piece of
shoreline on Portland Island indicates a biological wave exposure of protected.
B-19
22 March 2005
Table 19 Examples of VERY PROTECTED ShoreZone Units
There are few area in the Gulf Islands that are very protected. This bay is at the end of Annette inlet on
Prevost Island. The mud flat is bare except for a diatom haze. The slope is very gentle and the intertidal
very wide. Wetland bands including Salicornia (SAL) and dune grass (GRA) are visible fringing the
beach and, although it is not visible in this photo patchy eelgrass (ZOS) is present in the subtidal.
B-20
22 March 2005
Mapped Distributions of Selected Biobands
Mayne
Island
Saturna
Island
Pender
Island
ry
da
un
o
B
ss
Pa
Sidney
Island
Blue Mussels Bioband
Continuous
Patchy
4
0
4 Kilometers
Figure 1 Blue Mussel (BMU) bioband in the Gulf Islands mapping area
B-21
22 March 2005
Mayne
Island
Saturna
Island
Pender
Island
ry
da
n
u
Bo
Pa
ss
Sidney
Island
Bull Kelp Bioband
Continuous
Patchy
4
0
4 Kilometers
Figure 2 Bull Kelp (NER) bioband in the Gulf Islands mapping area
B-22
22 March 2005
Mayne
Island
Saturna
Island
Pender
Island
un
Bo
ry
da
ss
Pa
Lower Intertidal Biobands
RED_SBR_CHB
RED_SBR
RED_CHB
SBR_CHB
RED
SBR
Sidney
Island
4
0
4 Kilometers
Figure 3 Lower intertidal bioband combinations in the Gulf Islands mapping area
Regional Maps of the Distribution of Combinations of Lower Intertidal Biobands.
The combination of the lower intertidal biobands is the most diagnostic of differences between wave
exposures and between regions. These combinations were determined from a summery of the most
commonly occurring combinations of these biobands and together account for nearly all of the occurrences
of these bands.
The bioband combinations mapped in this figure are:
1. RED + SBR + CHB - good indicator of current affected Low Semi-exposed to High Semi-protected
2. RED + SBR - good indicator of Semi-protected
3. RED + CHB - good indicator of Semi-Exposed
4. SBR + CHB - good indicator of current affected Low Semi-exposed to High Semi-protected
5. RED alone – good indicator of current dominated Semi-protected
6. SBR alone – good indicator of Semi-protected
B-23
22 March 2005
Mayne
Island
Saturna
Island
Pender
Island
u
Bo
Sidney
Island
ary
nd
ss
Pa
Seagrass Biobands
SUR + ZOS
SUR
ZOS
4
0
4 Kilometers
Figure 4 Seagrass biobands in the Gulf Islands mapping area
Regional Maps of the Distribution of Lower Intertidal Seagrass Biobands.
Only a few units had co-occurrence of both of the seagrass bands (eelgrass and surfgrass) and those were
transition areas. This map is a summary of presence/absence of these two biobands, and the data about
‘patchy’ or ‘continuous’ distribution within the shoreunits where these bands are observed is included in
the database.
The majority of the seagrass in the Gulf Islands is Zostera sp. (ZOS), which reflects the favorable substrate
and exposure of the region. The surfgrass was only observed in the southernmost part of the survey area
and represents the northern limit of surfgrass in the Strait of Georgia.
B-24
22 March 2005
Mayne
Island
Saturna
Island
Pender
Island
un
Bo
Sidney
Island
ry
da
ss
Pa
Wetland Biobands
SAL+ GRA + SED
SAL + GRA
GRA
4
0
4 Kilometers
Figure 5 Wetland biobands in the Gulf Islands mapping area
Regional Maps of the Distribution of Combinations of Supratidal Wetland/Estuary Biobands.
The combinations of the wetland biobands are the most diagnostic for the classification of shore units as
‘Estuary’. Shorelines where sections of all three diagnostic bands co-occur are the largest wetland
complexes. Only the Dune Grass band occurred frequently in isolation of the other two wetland bands.
The bioband combinations mapped in this figure are:
1. SAL + GRA + SED – good indicator of contiguous wetland/estuary areas
2. SAL + GRA – good indicator of fringing wetlands or smaller wetlands/estuary areas
3. GRA alone – good indicator of dunes on mobile beaches or narrow fringing wetlands
These combinations of the supratidal wetland bands account for nearly all of the records of wetland
biobands. That is, SAL and SED were not recorded without the GRA band present
B-25
22 March 2005

APPENDIX B Bioband Descriptions, Biological Exposure Definitions

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