Syrtcdr.qt CL|l|.LSt
Transcription
Syrtcdr.qt CL|l|.LSt
(l|tar|'7 Syrtcdr.qt to CL|l|.LSt -Ldb'fqtotlr{l) r,| 8d€d.(WO*Om.tL I In o(kr lo obni! Ni(@ hddqrit idoPHEc&dn s Thit tohniqE b ndcd 2OlO'o 6r tIE f6! tin . 6 @dd. tus&@ni@ of B.EnDq|nlE ty n6is a.lliqE rs u.d- DhB. Poitt u.ahcr lo* wOwS sl-8.1 rxrnod IE ryoricd T1F @po.iti@ Br!.PhFqroD E by Nair l. .l stt66iad bv i lt e of lhuid o.ni. 6r quiok Dixing of rcquiEd n t llh @Potunts al.tooic l*L niis Finng ptovidcd { oppodrity br dift|lnl i6 ro hodogmi4 Md nininiE dEi' diFeMr qFigi.s in . *sy @lletircly to &hid. mc phae it FLlirclv lw The nost ihoonatt tutG LhpqitE. 11llso hclp.d to An mprs to 6Fd6iu inrdi.blr L!d !o of lnis low ta$F mE svnmdG ichi4. pdiiclc aiz qith {Fos:t uifom distritrtion. h@iM h$ftriic plnii! fomstioi of sl $l {d oo'pFcipibdod nethods @mpon nt! lik cP.rq'tF O,dd by sldull s"tl b'a *hicn m udesiEb!.. To 3vtth*it U. me.i.l !t Etdiwlv lows teBpaitle {d shofi t@e new t .hnhE &d nEthodolog 16 lppli.d h v6 objcni* to BaFo,Ol ft it s nc*{y to .|Mllh. itlai.l !hol. l00CC for .fici4y of r*lDN for dditld ph,e trd p(irvn' In d&r b otq!@ rh. tvndEis di6cuhG! ..d ir|q$ d"6ci6cv o' *p'eipiElio. bd.d siDply lh! !p!'!4b.olid sB b rung' lhc dift@l €ciim tiG fd lh. slf.lssbtv of SRS'R' bh.t! of thc MrvF siturN (BaFq:OD). !- F.rOl tFaor F.]O. sd BlFopr e tbr b8ic buildi4 bl@*r fd inpmw eFgJ .d riD. 7lJ- S.|I-4eoblY ofSRSrR' blo.lt! Bf', F.* sd olvhich d6t bc er_ @ting l!Fp. tue in slittbLtin' WOWS B.f.DOD fods bt Elcdng bixnno of bl6k |t lD.cific $l gll n?thod is nohl alpr4h it shich ptlh.ditr8 uatMr dot dlt doumg'd lr!.fonn rioof i .dcditla@pomntsb{t.l5oh.lpd10ilniai'lhe$lf@6blv ol &.ir.d bl6k. lt E pGtibL th@dt dis !P!@t d{t eu.os@blv Eltlid of ss.mbled to S sd R thlek s dd. 6id by sinS tL sflrc!!.l dio$d show th. diftG inr.d.did. fomins pFh'lline buldite codilitu FolloPing blcb tnich @dcr' d rn.t 9cific libc ttd|li 5tein @$on/. Ditrt !t buiBilg bbrr dir nct$t M-tF hooftrit !E cidt Bt,.Pufcpr Eq!i6 $m 'xsa of 9l n€dcd for G.hniqu' H.E Sols.l ir dEn fom i., '.d .xpl.iN $. @mpld mrdiE ofB! &rit WO\VS E Kn. Folldhg figw B A 9 J_ {4N FiguF 7.l: Sa@uBl ep@rnalion of B.f.rOD with hrmcdirtes blockr hd diFoGnl !iLs hs cr4lahcd tE limpl. P'slde ldoPd in wows sol' g.l m.6od. The @bin.d cftct of p&h.{ing oneccd th. @iioi p@$ oi diftBr irr.d.dirtc @Dondls ii s@t r mv ttd @!lcE Eafmtltio ton Fir{E (!is. 7.2) 8.lqroDto lbF.uODo b. &bi.v.n. 95 Crrpliolv tos cnd of Wolry$Sol{el tydn6b fiSW t.2: SinpL s'rlbdis Ptlce A[ Aldrich), of WOWS !.ttod sl-8d n'inod .d ct@i6L utd rw of.rdticll gE& (Ms'r &d Signa Sit@ !o mrer suo.rd B us.d $ s6 l@ WOWS (With Ot 5nr3 walcl Sur6.l!rt), FigE (7.2) bs .xphitud lh. sv hBis P@dE uP ro cnd For rcl! givd mm s AA- AAr A'r{' AAr' Alc od AAJ for PH.o, 0.2, 04 0 6, 0 s md l 0 rca@tivcE After moling tl 965+5'c for th@ hourr Sru.tdl ck li.rt (dc {d &) dd ntgn'lic Dopcni6 Bs id.ntilidion of sples, sudi.d ed they .!.lF.d. ?.2- Structurrl sn.lFi3 ndqi.L )(RD sd SEM wG led l(RD hs cxpllin d lhc stroctunl EhEd pdn E s ed pditv of F pecd hltdial vl'ile d v'li 6 sEM .xpl.in d i$. $!64 ndpholoSv of Fnicl's, th'i! disdibulion For str@tml @lris of pnFEd % ?.2.r- )(RD XRD *iv.Ldgrh !rtd!' of.ll I Ba, ,PtrFq,O rh. spks ws &o? 66 o to i(I b, Bio8 Rrdittid clKd of 7l) did lot d.:L..t / show Dv inpqlv , (x- O,O, 0.2, 0.4 0.6, 0.8 sd L0) d shom b.lo* =l,t4O6A. Figw (Fig. Ft in ft-i=,* i,0oo L!-J-.t*-*tJ-t* ', ElJhF.uOD@Po'iri6 lint'Ed !i phe for l,)c hM s}nthei4d tv wows sol4.l n'lhod No iitE9 FisuE 7,3; 965451] *"' bdd.d {s )(RD Fnss of d.t€ted. Alnon lo(l% Duirv w ehi.vcd cftrh !bov. 3h4.d thll hcltiDg !t 200+20 c @Drinuo6lv Dp lo dry wa $rtrcid fq mpLL stlctual gt!*lh. lt plvidcd @ud '@te' io dieEnt @to s &r th.t @npkliod n llct t!+4riv. Pdt'cuta iiE $b6iiinim of Pb wG a slpplcnd ro.nnd@ gorrlt PG* in dsht uv Stiding % hclptul lor gro*tt ous borier homogcnhdiot! uifod distib ion of odgJ dd ndt@l i6pdv.! phssc purity. It vs not Pdiblc in c!+Ecipibdon n'lhod b€caus' lh@ spl6 *@ pFplJtd d t@m tdnPnnF Th. $!r.g/ tul w itvolved i' el-gcl s wll a r@bniq* w$ sufiicicm ase, ed tN mpLdd of dif'Ml d'iioN rdsfomltim inlo djfEFd dporcnE d $Ebl@lc Atl the @oditio6 vd 6vodbl. for dc $ll.4mblv of SRS h bl6kr |t $.6dr6 wilcn kb.ii6 of diffsal @liom rc nnnftd, ch3noos of <Lv'loping sftss ed <tistonid l@ minimiz.d A! s 6utt rc inpuit gctk wa detc'E l Ditrobe in i@ic ndii of Pb erd B! {$ @t isnoobb hms irs dgnind' }a lnen 91 s.ll. hi subltitrdiod g@itd tltg dd dit rli6 de to ehich lFl ru [email protected] d Thh s.ll @bi of bor / .nagv h iais of int Dtl sltlg ud .bsrt d in tbc ptlso dislortioc 6n.lly wdc e sltl ii tuirud! of 200I2qC Ar lh. lnd rha* rhlt )aRD r@litc vs untbla to v[ilrios @td {rd (s Fig clds ftlv vd 004E1-0t57, 0O' s27-r029 ..d &r aa60hlq:orri JCPD ddhi,g dld3 w 00{a l_l!, .trd m' 0l?.0660. Th.s Dat! }w ds drI.h.d ..d itdsid bv aing 'cnsk ell' $frwe Di{i.rcnl sltu$dl o'@d.s lik hltie trmlr.G &d voluE. of uit €U wc crlculalcd fon lhi! $ftwd, Tl"F XRD fig@ drM rs ind*d bv Dsirg'check 7.3). Rca&d Ek re dr.hld wilt ell efiwe'. tlc@ ttcfornrrion tior 7.2.2- Struchr.l Pb *s of 00, i5 lowa tha (l l4) Fniculslv for inr.'sitics of (107) 6td (l14) lor itcr&d hids vd@ of x' 6r r{.8 wB tht low'g @ Pak Ar.o &d AAto *@ !tno51ldc h@v'r P€3r 0,4 0.6 ud O.8 Pdk boaddins ws BdFqrOs to PbFctrOD wc obEin'd uri.do!! Pdl inr.isiry *h.F ,'CPD i cNitv tlt Dall but Flti in AAro A! substilrliod of Lad incr4e'n (2d) al$ ltd tt hjglF v.ls of (.?O. iducdd in crvtlltiE iiz. iw 4?m to 23nn va ohub&d tdn B aAooto A&6 i. rnjt gb*lh t si.t n d ftdu.d Fd A}{t Pclk:s intcsitv d.cF!i.d bur bod.diie w ircM!.d s ! BDh gai! s4 ircE4d tm 23m lo gM&r ioiic 42m. b c.s. ofAAh crvstalit siz. olhitud ws Jom it 16 tlu lo ddji ofPbt' ion (1.76A). M.xioM !Ei.3n! 5Om vs obtlin'd I vG Eporltd lh.t ldnidv6 of rcnnu&ciic ond.. lit PtO, Siq tld aLO, 6ullv 6t!it thc h.xdrditc 8rcvrh plus lrde Fm.rd (d) tnd (') a@ dso chescd @tdbsty whi.n tm EdEd li! vd@ of @it eI s sbM in (Fis 74) '! Th.s f,.ll dt €[5 lidihd lhc tu t83!orhtio' wi6in p{iicks du[8 ctvslrl inc@d in @ of Diin grc*ah P@ss whi.h lcd to did noi oilbinad inis mlld gni6r:r' Xiav d.Nitv (pJ [email protected] tom 5 27slc# to J 48 g/om' fron sePlc AA00 [ w6 baw of hisl'?' dsitt @bar.o ud sa=1.0) to AA, o (Pb-l o &d B!={-o) dlan Br (l tl8td61 .!d btga sizt of Pt io'5 It *4 cle offt 01.34 Ym1 ( p.) tlso iicaEd n@ 2 22 g/cni lo 4 1? g/mr ' Ii dcvcloFd confim.d lhat posity will r.dM, h orn r md poF tduc'd Snucnrc *s @mprct Md r.d8rio! in volMc ws obtoin d crvstallit' si& (D) of sples obt ircd *.s in ih. m8e of 47lo tEnm noLd L.ll.r bulk <kcitv 98 : ara ! 316 9or Fi8@ Ttblc ?-lr 7.4r vol6e Fdu.ld 8 L.!ic. @.n rt (4.), Pb ' ioN @*oh'tio itu|@d vdw ofbii c.I ( /I TlHrdicd dq$ity (A).!d Bdr {A) dctdry Crvc'Iin tiz' (D ) (rJ ofB.,"rLFqortttc'lorLEd v(A) 5.27 2.22 5.\2 3_91 6n,934 5.42 4.ll 23.18 695-3r8 5,45 4.31 5,9t 8.t7 69(.114 48 5.52 4.t6 5.91 21.18 692.t19 58 5.48 4.11 5.91 2t,19 701.96t 5.90 21.t9 700,t46 t.89 21.t9 5,X' ?.2.1 Sculln8 d4t o! oicrdcoPv (SEM) 49 rdlvd! Mioogophs (Fig, 7.5) hNc .xPhjn d thc at$cc floipholo8v of dtc h'd chdgcd tlF @oDositid. I !ho*!d li61 subtiMioo of k rt id DL" of bsih b' sn *n c sori' sdpholo8/. FM AA.o odiom b.x4on t ldudc clt dE d tikt stu16 & tlso 6@ & Pbt $bcdn'ioo imsstd uP lo Pb = 06 q lrtlcluld Fducd ed sd lik' notpholo$/ ws (A-Aot) hMgo.l F.nkt6 impdcd ln AA.r 168 / sbo€tr lik' snEtrd @E d*clo!.d ln AAr0.lon8.ted phtcLt likt Dto' stlcnE with ditrs siz md din6ioB o b. obwcd FM SEM oicDgtllh! it B d.veloD.d. Ddilictlio slighlly chdgcd or I ont chiigcd dB roQholory b{t ako d*lopcd or ttdrfom.d difr.sfi filp.r lik the!4 wiF, blding 3hct tr le.fnd plaLl.r lit llm i.@nGs. h hair tul Pb" ohrtiniG hld {hr*d lh. cDsni:ild @clnd.d th't l.rd suh6ritujon nor siiEnrs .nd ih.L go*lh h.d diftuat 6nddm ed syh- T1@ diftar moiphobgns iinErd 6. Ford66 In lt F*!t cts., ddDhotog/ i3 r.(|ly di&nfi a @!.td b r[a !tr?.d !y t* @g-ipil,Iid 6.d.d. Altlod pleta lik6 s!.nc e d.rcloo.d ann v6y L$ tnilld Eft..s ollhe 3hrF e ohsed i! cl.ctic.l uil a{!ab FlFli.3 .lto, F..A Ncw Fig@ ?.5: SEM ri@rt (IVOWS) I'lB tdhod. All otB.rJLFqrO't (r{.0 - ePL. rcG !int6!d 100 tldBizd hv Sol lcl .! 965+5! &r 3 bo6 1.0) D.Bificrtid irc@d widi hld lubditdio rhich .ff*i.d rh. top.niA liL Edultim i! 3!utr.l Fm.r.B &d 6 otta t rd iftd!.d dD m.8rdc T.l Mrgn lic Pmpertie. Htstceis l@F of B.rJb,FqrOD @roritid Malnctomcilr ws usn .t @D icnDcnlln to ncae {w! h (FU 7 6) h.lov. !s PoFd4 i5 AA E FigEr,6: Htc.cis kops ofB.'.tb"Fq:or (x{ 0ro 1.0) 5v!tth6i2.d hv so! c.l D.rnod s.d. qed hpgli.d xdis q (+loto. to 101 - tBo.) ed Y{ir B ( +l t io_lttc) 7.3.l-A..lyri! of dryn.ti. DrolEnh, I ltrddgDtb rurgid ud tu st!.td Brl.uOD ir bl@kr. R bl@k conllim Bs" ios. Pf coBbb of SRSTR1 iois @ Soidt io EpL@ tlEs ios. R bldk bityluld.l l.tie ril6). IM iN e @md.d by td io6, Six of twclrc iM ioB Fr uit 6ll rt! bced in l2K sih< Tni! silc li6.t d. boudry b.rrs s !d R bl*ki, 2b $b-larie p@s !rM8 iit turid *idr l2t siEs 1fn sd 2! sb-lrtiB *hich @l!in iM i@ &d rlFy b.long to Aiel blaL Mlsbu iFcrr ulyrt lhowd ltll l2K eLbni€ 3it , e dsgly .ls conniB 2b (triaonrl l2K (sph lp) sb-Lnie ha !t iB iit!6.ti@ on.nuion i|:tdrio6 wnh 4l".Dd 4i, (3pin liti dM) 2b (!pin up) du. lo ilo.g ridr F.'ioB. lxrb u .&div! Fh vhc! iomigncdc dop.d w \ed. A@dh8 to 1t v&ioB sFlrni.6 of B!-fttriE @tih!. rosrnr !.dFnt!F ei$r.p, snffi K lE cdtib{rion @6 too l2K .rd 2b !ia3 rvhid dhh F.} ic. Bf ioE 0.371) of hdl idic ndii std EPt .td by lt4. ioli ndn ltn inlcFclios phy.d i6! (1.761) h.w kls oobility 6.n oths ho!. Thjt $bsillli@ dilnltbt ll& bdpbolog/ of 8ni! 6iq nio ud rh.ir SDrrh a Gpdld lir.st B'qrn. & . BIt vri.lm i! crl6s. i.t4rri6 F '- (i h diEcElr -r.* rt6 *na disrbcd S. 8p*rb i@hbi!4, dificEit noipholoo' (s EEM DlFlgphs) q h. oht iFd Suh nqP[do& qh.n .xp6.d to ltplicd tllnaic 6.ld ! qlLd dmir. TIE &mins htrc Dl@ suhdinrnoi of DodbrgtEtc dopor difFmt Nchdim f6 cnds/ mininizltionr. Led subdinni@ *s Btodiblc of ttdta& of $ch *t6/. Th..ft.t of Ib 3lhsin|iid 6 Go.osibl. for d.c6irg dE &ieftpy .n6/ of qdnei4d dtlitl s shM bv gnpn Gig. ?.7). Th. grqn .rphi!.d thd @ivity ba d..Es.d 6h 5.178tO. io $ch osE is sftngty dprs. .d by dccr$. iD 4rivig dml u. nE uD io Fl.0 lo.8!lr&ftric m.in qtib|to6 fot .ft.1iu .ra.itit wl! 2a afr 2b (!!) od l2k rir.s. l2t-2b int @tiN i! vqy siriv. lo i.sFnhr Gmrgy of D.Ltri.Dr{ Pb 3ub*innim w csF6iblc for d.lEilg th. FquiEd dgldizi!8 d48v 6r &cBi4 rd! M!!in 1.641 koc $d rhd domid u.t r lh. .ppli.d fi.ld s di$u$.d it &Pb,FqkOD MPsilion chlpq. l2k-2b i3 inpotldt for m.gictrc pbpcni.l: ro dign in pnvDus 102 5.0 a{5 J r.o 3,0 Fitw It is 0.0 0.2 0.a 0.6 Ft oonc t) 7.?: C@tuivity e @ptabL ed ln @oF iro! !o 0.8 1.0 a . 6ncrim ofPb coN (x), d$ihblc p.anEt!. fo high ddsiry eoding n dhr?r. sc mpcitio stn66iz.d by GF@ipiiirid mc6o4 tEr rtrupr 6ll i5 &. x-0,2 rftr rbd J@t lloq d@dDg t@d B F" Borh EsioN c suiLbk fq !!*ific /A€.i.I devi@ &bricdi6. E!6gy plrturbrlion *a repoBibL ofafi.cliry ftu cxotingc int n .td lioi of Cdis !d th.n hourdriB sw hF@r n dcfining tb. Eh&.M'rr. RlltuJttr !d Min@ aa$/ p.qner ir@!s.d up io r=1,0. This tEnd ir bnlly difl€dnl tod s@ mpoBirion tfinBiz.d by @ p@ipitaftn mcihod rh.E torh thce prct ni6 dEled at hidq v!16 of x. h pEsnt c6. lll nagnaic pDp.rtics q.E iDDrcv.d. Itis djlfdscc b only be.@ of chtngc ofsynthdi Ddbd.d phe puity, Surft@ Ddpholo8/.bougn cheg.d in acb mp6itid bur d.6il h dribrEd to ioForc lnc nltrl.tic poFni6. ion .totu F.'..O4€F.! l0l 11 oaa r.5 t[I ta* ;., E a!. 00 02 Fis@ 7.8: 0t 0t t, 0?a vdrrim io ein 00tu0.4o.oa |t||l.|Er -(r,) od!di66.Fts Pttdwt-(r''I-, iBllc clo6trioof Pb@F(x) lmae int!!l.|r@wErooGibk tuie|!e hdiru@E DclrrrbL ro b. usd s ldD.Mr E!!nai. Ellaiil 7J.2- 't.o F.<h!r. ltis S.llniio! E.g!.ttt to! Srdion D.sBliz.lio (.lO .rF iElstd win i!.t4 h Pb concddd s 3hom br rrph of (Fi!: ?.9). In M.tyF t!tai.l., r*'2b 3i6 e rh. dj! @trrribo!06 toud rtulid D*r*tirdioo l2FGr dieihtul d6 firc dift.at .rysr.llostrphic sir6 {2!' l2h 4fr, lfr 2. ed 2b); od of enict 2t 46 ltd l2t G @t lEdnl *hilc 0|!6 e altH.tt litca Nottntgdic doFnt ei6 grai.. i@ic d ct t dtl dt i whisb Gult itr itroq' of Fci ol-F.* iDcri.dmrbicl illh itro4 t E4rcdc FoFli6'cr". ovs.ll lt $bciortion in E.l{hFqrOD *s t!.toliblc 6r ifia$ of D|t!.li. Fopcnk6 IncElr ii siot lim nrgElir,lion xd 8uinm.*.8)' Flduol is etul tu di5 @id tu hid &Bity do|ding ncdh.pPlicltiot ti@ !I.h tizc b.lmo* le ndii hr! pFGll@ M4.acy .ia thM 50im. Gtrii Di.w!v. d.vi6 Bultihrr lndic s.L!i.ls(r'rz . ohtaind in thi. mgc i! suitlblc fo. &d s !.ft.Mt 104 chip idator' a0 -. IJ t.t 0.0 FigG ?.9: vrirlior h 0, trnlnid ora 0l or D.lDciiatioo - (i/, 1.0 F . tmdoi ofPt adr) td ei6 d. ido&i6 of Ptl ioot' ldtrlio uglctirrim i!c!.d !P b F Io b .ll or|!.lic Foldd6 n'6inr ftd 1' ndltolo$/ i' du'd .[dS.d tlrn t {.a. SEri, oic$Sta6! !to*.d 6!l !t '({ clu.g.d ndgn*a d,B EFtLd|bttta Mdrgldcd'!ontsbigl'a i@h ndii (til. L.it), it aod ido Ti. &e! ti!. 4fi rn 4fi d$ b rttl rltrtio turgrridid i@Fs. (,t4ui'drii.di! !F6tE€ oo& n'o )e<' 0 to l 0 tL nuiFd t|llt d.ii.tt by IbFqrO, s ltos b 8t'd i5 22 tG llisndv hi8na i!2.0 tc $.ttadt @orbd &r rtFctp'tar/ Gnph of (Fis. t.9) Jbced ?.+ ELca|cil PruD.rdo o.t nrar, A@ding b lt'E rnE ssv' FlFda of '!v G d@g!y in0ua..d bv td6i! E lhod E"!in h6iL 'nd o(hlr EhLd 3dt.sis codiric.lplicd BrkPbfll1olr ru tv!6.sid b *FttiPido idod tld p'oFli6 e dislrd b cLFt' t. b lhc. F!9qd" !do' M ft( vai'lioor *s bpQlitt Pbs bdue of didb cdddid D'ot6if ru dittun'd vttixiN obs'd *w ln P'.$!t Mtcidd m iDpuftv Phr!. m &..'ed Tb t. ont bR.u* of chDSG in @Po.itidr noQholog/' Fin didtitd *idt t6Der Lmp.6!E .nd .PplLd.h{tic fi.ld TI|. @lt$ of coded{' 4d Fl&i6lid rchds !hw.d ihr .hdricrl pbFni.3 rcG iFprov'd B @F&d b 'ts .oDrdFn FoFnils 3 diloult d h c|IPr. 105 5. ?.a,1- T.oper.tu. d.P.!dot ReiJliviiy of pF dc PrcP.rdd Nd sbPdi6@ w o.8u.d bv uinr Arinai6 plol wa dousltl eiv6 b.ld i! sEph of (Fir'?.10) Cnpt ddlionc{t lhit @ductivitr s Pb" ioB *.F hftduc.d (d -l/p) DlftMt gEph| |hom bl* e qphinins stull ve.tios, Vn t lt$ ioic ttdii t{d EPLen in. slld idic ndii b&im' stws dd dilroni@ w@ {t v.lo!.d vhjch Eo!4d h di&t ldh' !ii6 Tht* 6mll vrd*iN {ct! Fplt@ld by rh.s rn!tu. Obn tuto6 which ds dribucd ro th6. v{irlid wF i6F&clic4x disldrriN Ed chdg' of sh @Pdili@ ! CDn bv SEM nicNgnPh! to 3lor All lhce otibuliffi €u5.d thc SMlion id hop?ing mh!'is doer $ 6rd@lion *s Educcd s lhom bv (Fis ?- t0) D'ct4 in ondwrivir' io $ohili9' incEe.d lhc Fsislilig t d ..dtdid d*a/ lt B!n'd i! d"!F* @8nitd's Gnpbs (Fis ? lI ro ?.13) e qpbinfu dE vtrilio in difasi qi6 vdrio itr L.d @n@!|no. lrn aobilitv of Pt! i6 h dift! ti|.' h 6c @uFlcy ol F.r iG.rd !4arion of FC' iod 'le c!!5'd $'I h6ps noDhology of 2l 20 1t F!! ct7 !'i6 i5 13 l! 2ll 25 lfiBTt Figuc ? lor Arn.niB Dlor fot !0 \i' diltviiv Dd idivttio '63]/ b4.u5t of holping of ch{g' 6i'6 ('L't!tt drftdlo b.N@nF' &dFc* io* !tdlncdrll lics of tE tnucfir' Rdi$ilitv incr.4 s the dopDt t ad inttodu*d tod !tF{ 0 to Pb-l 0' Colduclivity in fsit s is ts &.Gt*d th. g.n !.Iio 3 rcll a lbPpitrg or Fl rd tDs atih.dd !n r, cn TlN tsistity inq€t{r bcditg lt' Ptr iN @ff.nmdon h!5 m.d. difficult tu 6. t f?bg ctdB! to hop E rlFt F{uitld & sa6 Pb 5ut6liMi@ I$t. C@l&d *.16 *@ Sdor'd a di$!!s'd itr prlviN n ]iI cli,ot 6. r sfioidt @un of @ry ir tnLlb cb!4' sil td? orba-i" i! dnbddffi nor ABorbt of &tiv.li6 dr5' nlo i!.6!.d bdB' of i*t!e ud intaml sri!g''. Ct ph dbft b.ld eqliB lt' ir@ins tt€'d of &rivllid Is .8ef ro 3 ia6 Fig@ 7 l t: A.lilrtioo @il s t 6eti6 oflb ccfi{x)' !.littliod @rS/ @nfdcd ttd Finivitt bld d$ isss'd Foll4ing id.jle in lad gnpn {Fi8. ?.12) [email protected] th!! niriiitv hs ilcdEd vidr cd@nfttio! in 4h mpoaino! LElle in Fie. 7.12: Rairdvity (t) s I foErid 107 ofPb @(x} R6islivity .!a mobili9 bd oobilitr dc!a$. Gn![ h.lo* iN* dni6 ia whryd Bisivny i@a!.q !+Fll.d.!ow .ElFis. fto' -lr'ro' luro' iz,to' 0.0 0,2 oJ oa 0.3 Pb.o..l{ rrg@ ?.{2- 7,13: Mobilitv a . At&do! t.0 6fft co&(x) r.tqt6cy d.porloa .. ProPsd6 tCR 64408 Err.r of mar.rinl in tlF B tlqud, !5.d b invcniS.! 6. flqu@v d.Oa&!t F.p.ni6 dng. lootlz to lMttz Ctpdib^€ (C) !d disilliid ft.lor (D) wE ddrdld .t |w! l@Fr,r, Th.n F@(es Urc dielefic msr,rr dd di.l*lic 16 wE qlculrr.d ftr .ll !.dpb. Th. Ei.ri6s in diaL.tic @drtrt &d dicL.tio lN a a nnodo of naucy @ p@Gn in rhc Snths b.loq {Fir' ?.14 ed 7.lJ) Both p.md.6 G) md (t@O deEss.n dh il1.l!@ in t qldy 'Djs k tm.l hchiviorof a[ CtriEs ta .,9hiNd ibis Doheisn o $. bqsis of i .rbcid Fldi4lion. Poldtllis in f.dt6 b ltrgdlv b..sc of da D@nc. of F." iotu o octahcd6l siica Ac..rding lo M.w, mod.l lne dielsric FaErial likc (8.,"P!JGrOr)i'7 @nsisb of oondElins ghins epool.d bv *alr d Fpon d in the lite6r@. M,sll W.g!.r nod.l defined gain bound4i6 nm.onducdA (iNul.dd hv6 ll ha qlhircd $d Poldiztion p@s sinil4 in nen&is i!. .leton *hdgc b.mE! f.'eFG'iN lir.ntoE dd ir pFvi@r cblpt u thd condDc{on t0t e in dt€ tlDosr rrd i FisuE ?.r4: Di.l6ui. @!t!tt of dl spk sltlb6i2.d bv solgd tclhod. x{.2 dictc.tric msrant for all comPdhion hrd inc,.6s€d. lt 16 b6@ of Pf coedtltion wbich h6 chmscd rh? moDhology dd ori.nhlion of gnits. lt b EpdLd in th. lii.mtw lhal dial@ttio coBr.nt if incMles, lalgc nhbo Ff ioB Pilc up a llzin toodtiB ud lhct e 6ily loldi2.bk th4 F.t ionJ( Tt lde ti6" bdtilc F t!P6 imii.! d. Above gnph stos thll d@Pi 'rt gd.ratid of f.lM id e ryntldit t*lhod .ft.Ns th. F{!dti6' lF! n is F.vd by 6np{ing n b @FEipilnioo &rhod roP! ..d Mv oihs tlgDh.R htv' cls giyo im .Jahdion b. bgia v.l!. of dick Eic cl)@!!'t RiF ed 6I lik Pb, x'{.2 (6ll), d$ in !b, ).{,6 .lbosr simila trlnd in x0.8 ed x=1.0 n4 follNins Fei- D..Eing tFnd in di.l4lric Msla,t N b.cals of less .umbd of F." ions s kls tmb{ of Fd+ iod {ill poldi* th'rc' alm6r iimile pbd@don Murtd in @ of F() 8 ald x- | 0 Mposniod'!r' For other odlositi@ Ua r{.4 .nd x{.4 6 6. kad dclts ircde4 di.Lrtic onildt [email protected] it dnoll !.tu oiL. Chdg.csi6 *ihn lhbugh ,hiL dp.6iti6 had no signincsr .nds/ chdecd s n 6 incrasd ir .sh 'I? dift G@. Tn n cloN Io +Plii !.ld sG .lnpc gre $ di'L'tric @r$l .trlin d w rlncl siiil!. Drfrat ioic ndii vd.n@ nhhq t d natoSm'tv lle Dby.d rhei oL't. clct$lgnclic vavs studi.d composnim 6 by T1E hith iic6ing ulw ( . ) d6tts the F*t*io dath of ln. skin .frFtr!. B.h.vior of diclelric losi for ditr Fnt frm compositio srtth6iz€d wilh ccPdiPiiltion 109 y2 tln lot ld6 (6no s ! frcrid of tlqwrct for @Psitim (Ba' .Phre,rOD) F.Pdld ht Sol{cl nedod H4 c@l,r.d P6fs 49q!d h @ of A,A.oed AA4, n@ Pmiqliv al hiCI6 t!4ctr t $nib dbt dic l@ !t dult sboqld d itrcEin! tsd in o{hu Figsrc ?.l5: Dieletic .onpositions, Such t ls tiviry ws not otsdd in @mP6itim svnftsn'd bv co Dif.r.m i@& Gd4 sq'!t ootitig of la.l i@ .Dd c@dinlrioo of F " ios {i$ d- 6d diD.L of dimFrn ddgd in diftml dit*lio& Thu dd'loPql jon co€rdin.tion'! fm.d diPole of diftt il sftnglts {ih diltt'nt El4 t!q*rci6. fte .lc.t!or hoppirg bara FC'_Fcts i@ DodE6 &olhq rcLerion. The Ftq,rid oh!s1651r6 *nd .5@ilrtd eith phdomaon sllogcthd 3ho*cd ti. teh.vior Sivm in !bov' dif&Fnt kids of sp&. ohrgc poLrizrtion Th. di.l4rio lo$ sis in @ of O l) &d O 2 dopi!8 il thc t!+dEv nng' kltz Ddimum !i 8OO kIL md niiimuD .t 3 Mnz)' li @ of AAo: or 0l dopiiS ( tanlg iie 5 kHz , N .t lm UL &d tdt'd b [''inm d 3Mli2). SlrwtrE of f.nit€s o.nicuhlv tt studi.d mrositid @nbi"cd dnhiiion6 sd irDcrfcolioE ir crF.l ltu.hr whi.h !revid.d f.lpins 60aF for noppEg ch!4!3 (cL.tds). Who 4pliad nlqudcy 6d holping ttqucEv (nlnhg 40 Guh!"t Pab e c.lLn tlsM Ftr rB baic'llv ga@l' dE p.ldalion b.hind tlE.pDli.d nc|ll' I h.pF!.d ii@ ofA'o!atd A'A{: nElch.d, dE b hg of ll0 ftqwy 8!:i. dn .dioo., l|lcn Doalblog/ rd piL up lhctls rr to .!pli.d tcqlsEv i. toidt sdn bdrndi6 c !@ .6ctiw. T!.L '!eoo$ diF.mr in rlF agjoc of 6dd.r.rl 3!L+ Ea.e of lt6. di&s Ec!.ni$t ch&6 of @n.M Dntuicm b€s dinitjCE4 Eo*eE, ds. it bs @uttld Ar hjSn ftd.ld .! lhom io 8EP[ Gig 7 15) As rhe pEp6r.d @t iU Po!4s !{n lic pbrqti.s e molion of ln.$ ir lo$ is uetul Dc.ks d ris s bcew of nolio oi d@in Mus'ft. Incl* &d lhb lo$ co inu€d io novc ht!ftEM (EMI)re . Fouoqdg tso $blcs e 3h@iog 6! hdtlio( ofdr.L.tic ss$it dd Dueia fd nininizilg aviffinn! Dolll'id de lo .L.toorgrctic dicl4 i. lo$ ir dE nlqufuy E8i<6. T&!. ?.2i Di.ldEic 6Fb!t B.r.FGDPb'oD( solsll ) Pt(x) l00lH, &al?, lMtt2 0.0 29_56 3t.21 74!5 29.71 30.07 2t,61 04 70,89 10,19 0.6 t30.tD 12t,65 'E.5J 90.!t 0.E 91,x9 86.04 5E.r5 1.0 88.,O 86.83 68.06 Tlbl. ?.1 DEL.Eic tN Bt,f.dt"On (Sol_ gcl) 0.116 T.tSunnrry B dislsd h4' B6,.Jb"Feuos synrh6ia! bv WOWS Sol4'l nothod Bdle of pne puitv ttl psFrtics *@ it{rcvcd 6 conp6!!d t't rtc sme mDdlioi ttdn6i2..l win opeiPibiid elhod llar slDpli'd lom 'xrt l $@ thNsn hot tld. t .t!iq@ G lstul ii . $, lnlt dif&ql h'rgi6 lll 9@ oiri6i4d Dfa.nt ioB h.v. 6o{i @rE/ io !p ro d.t ryeitc !n* 6 cltsLlognptic rnciE of SRS'R' bl@ri lad $bnhdd bq.6ly ct!&d dE NP6.lo6/ .!d d.d. tu ltr$fr 6F.r. Bo:t& of 6is.I E f.nn 6r..i.lt a.$rric F.9qli6 l@ inp.or.d if * MpaE th.s wiln lnw of cepcipib!.n D.ihod Ar r : 4 in ?tEipitllia hothod mlgn tic pbp.rti6 .hd&d (dcolwd} In WOWS Sol_8.1 r > 4 lhcv inc@d in linlc bil sm@th My. In .leth|l Drolcni6 x > 8 rFnd lolallv .heg.d EpdBibl. for ilidding dE inpurity !o l's 6rid irc|@ (.lnod.xpondrid sy) *hib i! c8 of vovs x:4 imEitg on rad. lnt 6iirs @lrs Rc ot'hit*d in di.h.tlc Fopcnie Di.l6tic @!r'!n deelcd in mD6iitu nm & r. A, (vdi.dcd iithb mF3ilion *a $@) butin@ofWOWS$ls.l di.leiricd|n.lt [email protected] i! abnor dl @!o3itioa' Dicl6tic lo$ tutor M d@5.{t it c.e of 6pEipitttid ocrhod thih corslncd !taE! o.md in @ of WOWS !.hod ald dclolic los w ircF&ed' High &s*dvity dd lw los |E lh. @tuI Fme!'m nigh tlqu'icv dic6w.v. lpplk liN. High lN n ostul foi d4ton $'lic iit*flaing dcvi6 !!.d wa nigh{y Diff.€' b.hlvid of dd t*o mFdtia! o btlP lh' &sig' 'dgi@ io sLct bltior. tl* &!i!!d daie Co.ditity i5 4 inpotb.t FdnEEr in El8tdic F fqti's; it det!t!'d 6. lp!'oFiltc @oFiliod .nd PEdoD.d B!-h.xafrf,iE Ir is confm.d th.I Pb $rb$ndi@ B hrd dl FsPoBibh fd disEoPv acrgv' OF*th stldglv afretod bv l.!d $bdin'i@ ov@ll cf'cl ofbot'\ of is Foc sirni{'61 ii tre d€creted th. c@ivitv sd lhis clrMgc ofho4holos/, go*rh m@tdi&i ofrnic$rucnft lhs p.nndc6 N in dd de'qg in 'trdt s conp&d to th' gBpkt PI Ped viih lnc psiN GDrdipitlti@ E rhod- lr is @ftt for diffadt r{'ttidtiG s di!c!s'd in spks pFF d vith $IOWS n rhod 2