Interoceanic Highway Across Southern Peru

Interoceanic Highway
Across Southern Peru
Conservation and Sustainable
Development Initiative
Interoceanic Highway
Across Southern Peru
Conservation and Sustainable
Development Initiative
This Initiative is a joint effort involving Peruvian and Brazilian
enterprises and foreign and locally-based non-governmental
organizations seeking to contribute to the sustainable development
of both the direct and indirect area of influence of the Interoceanic
Highway across Southern Peru, and by effect, contribute towards
consolidating the Vilcabamba-Amboró Conservation Corridor.
1. Institutional Framework
The Contract for the construction of the Interoceanic Highway across Southern Peru was awarded to
Concesionaria Interoceánica Sur (the concession company), an association comprised of Constructora
Norberto Odebrecht S.A., Graña y Montero S.A.A., JJC Contratistas Generales S.A. and Ingenieros Civiles
y Contratistas Generales S.A. In 2005, the concession company executed an agreement with the Peruvian
State for the construction, operation and maintenance of stretches 2 and 3 of the Interoceanic Highway
Across Southern Peru and Brazil (703 Km.). The concession company Interoceánica Sur in turn hired
Conirsa, a consortium formed by those same companies to execute the project in its construction
content.
Odebrecht is a company boasting over 28 years of continued operations in Peru, with diverse
international experience in the execution of infrastructure projects. Odebrecht is the majority shareholder
in Conirsa, and a pioneering company in the promotion of social responsibility in Brazil. In this context, it
has an impressive track record for the development of education, health and environmental projects in
addition to support of culture-related initiatives.
Conservación Internacional and ProNaturaleza are both non-governmental organizations. The first is an
international one while the second is locally-based. Their common mission however, is to contribute
towards the conservation of Peru’s biodiversity, and to this effect, both NGOs seek to foster the integrated
management of protected areas and conservation corridors within the framework of sustainable
development, and ensure a better quality of life for the surrounding communities.
The common objective of these organizations, their shared concern for fostering sustainable
development and the appropriate management of the natural resources in the area of influence of the
highway, brought them together joining forces towards a common goal which resulted in the design of
this “Interoceanic Highway across Southern Peru – Conservation and Sustainable Development Initiative”.
2. Background
The area of influence of stretches 2 and 3 of the Interoceanic Highway across Southern Peru reveals an
extremely complex socio-economic reality, where great natural and cultural richness is juxtaposed
against disturbing poverty indices, particularly in the region of the high Andes. It is significant to point
out that the projected road crosses the global biodiversity hotspot known as the “Tropical Andes” and
the Vilcabamba-Amboró Conservation Corridor, which requires special treatment.
While it is true that the environment – particularly along the stretch located in Madre de Dios – is
largely made up of areas with some type of environmental management system already in place
(protected areas and forest use concessions) and includes high-potential areas where productive
activities are already being carried out, i.e. Brazil nut production in the Madre de Dios region and
camelid breeding in the Cuzco region; land-use management is still far from being consolidated and
many of the activities being carried out outside the managed areas are either not compatible with the
type of soil, or the land and resource-use practices being implemented by the people are inappropriate
for the different ecosystems surrounding the highway. Moreover, the activities being carried out both
inside and outside the concession areas and titled lands are not always profitable for the inhabitants,
leading them to engage in other, more profitable activities that often seriously impact the ecosystems
and are even in some cases, illegal.
This is a situation which needs to be watched closely as it could become worse if the negative impacts
– especially the indirect impacts – produced by asphalting the highway, are not opportunely and
adequately identified and mitigated. It is for all these reasons and to boost the positive impacts that this
project will create, that it is essential to develop a series of actions geared towards contributing to
improved land-use management and the creation of development opportunities for local populations
while reconciling them with the conservation of natural resources and biodiversity. Finally, this
Initiative will serve as a reference and will develop best-practices,
against which to benchmark future infrastructure projects.
3. Description
The Initiative proposes a pro-local development movement which, through the execution of sustainable
productive programs, negotiated with the local population and appropriate to the territory-specific
characteristics, will help to boost ecosystem conservation and strengthen local governance and
management in the regions of Cuzco, Madre de Dios and Puno, which are the regions that coincide with
the area of influence of stretches 2 and 3 of the Interoceanic Highway across Southern Peru. This will
bolster current production indices while safeguarding the potential of these areas for the future, and
contribute towards maintaining ecological connectivity with the Vilcabamba-Amboró Conservation
Corridor.
The general strategy of the Initiative is based on the creation of Local Development Centers in five
strategic points along the route of the highway (Ccacta, Marcapata, Quincemil, Puerto Maldonado and
Iberia), engaging local communities so that they will become established as the promoters of
sustainable productive businesses. Efforts will be coordinated to make private concessions and
conservation areas feasible and strengthen them at those points for which there are existing studies on
biological connectivity, working in close coordination with local stakeholders, and building strong
governance in the area.
The Local Development Centers will be driven and strengthened by the successful results of the
productive projects originally proposed by the Initiative, and will grow through the timely identification
and implementation of new projects, thus producing a dynamic regional development cycle.
The Initiative is based on the execution of 14 projects grouped in 4 programs:
Tourism and
Handicrafts
Program
The objective is to boost the development of an
“Interoceanic” tourism macro-product, consolidating an
annual flow of tourists that will help to create additional
jobs for the local population, upgrade existing products
and services as well as tourism infrastructure.
The aim is to support profitable businesses that have the
capacity to create local jobs and are compatible with
environmental and biodiversity protection, enhancing and
strengthening the existing product or service value chain,
connecting products to the market.
Eco-business
Program
Biodiversity
Conservation
Program
This project aims to set in place a mosaic of sustainable
productive spaces that conform to the existing legal
framework. This will help to maintain the current and
potential productive values, and to conserve the biological
and ecological values of the nucleus area of the
Vilcabamba-Amboró Conservation Corridor.
The purpose of this program is to strengthen local
governance capacity within the identified territorial
Local Development Centers, consolidating and making it
feasible to establish profitable productive opportunities
within a framework of biodiversity conservation while
ensuring an improved quality of life for the inhabitants. It is
important to mention that this program was conceived as a
transverse axis of the Initiative, and considers the participation
of local coordination bodies, productive project executors, the
Tambopata National Reserve’s Management Committee and
possibly, a local network of conservation initiatives.
Governance
and Local
Capacity-Building
Program
In addition, the intention is to develop and incorporate medium-term
projects, including: carbon sequestration, forest certification, agro
forestry, reforestation, Brazil nut and latex value chains, implementation
of clean technologies for the use of forest industry waste material,
and others.
Program implementation shall be the responsibility of an Executing
Entity made up of an Executive Director and his support team, who
shall report to an Executive Committee made up of the founders of
the Initiative.
As governance and local capacity is strengthened, the execution of
the operation phase shall be transferred to the local development
organizations formed for each nucleus. The management model
proposed by this Initiative is a model that is dynamic, easily adaptable
and open to receiving new partners.
4. Location
The geographic scope of the plan – respecting
international boundaries – is the area
comprised within the parallel lines 50 km from
the delineated line of stretches 2 and 3 of the
highway. Stretches 2 and 3 are located between
the cities of Urcos in the department of Cuzco and
the city of Iñapari in the department of Madre de
Dios, bordering Brazil. The Vilcabamba-Amboró
Conservation Corridor is also considered as a benchmark
macro environment and it is expected that the results
obtained by the implementation of this Initiative will also be
echoed there.
5. Duration
The projects originally proposed for the Initiative shall be implemented within a
maximum period of five (5) years.
6. Objectives
General Objective:
To contribute towards the
sustainable development of both
the direct and indirect areas of
influence of the Interoceanic
Highway Across Southern Peru,
helping to consolidate the
Vilcabamba-Amboró
Conservation Corridor.
Specific Objective:
Improve the quality of life of the
communities adjacent to the route of
the highway; identifying new job
creation and income alternatives for the
local population; fostering biodiversity
conservation and the sustainable use of
natural resources, as well as rational
land-use planning; and monitoring any
adverse impacts that may occur as a
result of the presence of new players
in the area (operators, tourists,
vendors and others).
7. Expected results
The implementation of this initiative will set in place projects designed to help to raise income levels of
local populations in the area of influence of stretches 2 and 3, improving land-use management, the
conservation of natural resources, protecting natural and cultural heritage and the contribution of
these activities into the regional economy.
• Through the Tourism and Handicrafts Program, we will implement and improve infrastructure in
key locations within the area of influence, diversify the natural and cultural offerings, promote the
destinations, and by doing so, takeadvantage of the increasing flow of visitors anticipated from the
highway;
• The Eco-Business Program will implement productive projects including: supply and transformation
of tropical fruits, aquaculture activities, development of medicinal and aromatherapy products, camelid
breeding and pasture management, guinea pig production; and the production of ornamental plants,
both for local and regional consumption and where possible, for export.
• Through the Conservation Program, we will establish managed areas (mainly privately-managed
conservation areas, conservation concessions and concessions for ecotourism) totaling at least 35,000
ha of the RNTAMB Buffer Zone and over 80,000 ha of forest in the Tambopata – Manu area. In these
areas, we will implement management plans over a percentage of the established area supporting
related businesses that can generate income, and over time, increase the value of these concessions.
8. Integrated Vision of the Iniciative
Iberia LDN
Tourist signage
Interpretation Center
Service Area
Floriculture
Fruitculture
Puerto Maldonado LDN
Tourist signage
Special interest Tourism
Floriculture
Fruitculture
Aquaculture
Ñape Center
Handicrafts
Manu-Bahuaja Sonene
Conservation Corridor
Tambopata NR Conservation
Quincemil LDN
Tourist signage
Viewpoints / Lookout points
Special interest Tourism
Floriculture
Ecotourism Projects
Las Yungas Conservation
Ccatcca LDN
Tourist signage
Interpretation Center
Service Area
Viewpoints / Lookout points
Handicrafts
Guinea pigs
Camelids
Marcapata LDN
Tourist signage
Viewpoints / Lookout points
Handicrafts
Destination “Marcapata”
Ausangate Route
9. Results and activities
Programs
Projects
Management of
tourist infrastructure
along stretches 2
and 3
Development of
special interest
tourism along
stretches 2 and 3
Tourism
and
Handicrafts
Objective:
To boost the
development of the
“Interoceanic”
tourism
macro-product,
consolidating a
constant flow of
tourists that will
contribute to create
net and adequate
jobs for the local
population.
Enablement of
camps and routes in
Tinke and
Mahuayani
Objectives
Results (components)
Prolong visitor stays.
Implementation of Interpretation Centers in
Ccaccta and Iberia.
Implementation of lookout points.
Activities
Design and implementation of interpretation
facilities (centers, trails, panels, etc.), lookout
points and signaling.
Implementation of signaling system.
Increase the number of tourists and
prolong visitor stays by offering a
broader selection of tourist attractions
for groups with special interests.
Increase and improve the existing offer
of adventure tourism products in the
towns of Tinke and Mahuayani and
surrounding areas, so as to increase the
number of tourists and encourage them
to prolong their stays in both towns and
visit their respective tourist areas.
Development of specialized tourist niches.
Promotion of tourist offer.
Trained local suppliers (guides and other
services).
Establishment of camping areas.
Design, implementation and supervision of
camping areas and hiking trails.
Rehabilitation of hiking trails and
mountaineering in the Vilcanota cordillera.
Rehabilitation of a first-class thermal bath facility.
Improvement of
tourist offer in
Marcapata
Increase the number of tourists and
prolong visitor stays in Marcapata by
offering unique products.
Alliance for native
art in Cuzco and
Madre de Dios
Strengthen four existing artisan
associations in three strategic CIS
points and implement them so that they
may provide training and technical
assistance for the production of
top-quality ecological handicrafts to
other artisans.
Evaluation of the potential, market
identification, validation with operators,
promotion and monitoring of specialized
tourist niches in association with PromPeru.
Training of local suppliers.
Restoration of Marcapata church and
Kcuchowasi/Ocongate chapel.
Marcapata has urban ordering in place.
Plot of land for the installation of a guesthouse &
spa, adjudicated through bid.
Evaluation, design, implementation and
publicizing of thermal bath. Maintenance and
restoration of buildings and works of art and
supervision of the Marcapata church and the
Kcuchowasi chapel. Evaluation, ordering
proposal, recovery of buildings and signaling
of Marcapata. Bid for the adjudication of a
plot of land for the installation of a
guesthouse & spa.
Infrastructure for making handicrafts in
Ocongate, Puerto Maldonado and the Native
Community of Infierno.
Enabling of infrastructure, implementation of
equipment and materials, training, technical
Implementation of equipment and materials for
assistance, promotion and commercialization
making handicrafts.
of products in Ocongate (woven goods),
Puerto Maldonado (carving and engravings)
Artisans trained to produce handicrafts, resource
and Native Community of Infierno
management and technical assistance in artisan
(handicrafts).
production.
Products promoted and in the process of being sold.
Programs
Projects
Articulation of a pilot
project to supply fruit
and fruit
sub-products
Objective:
To strengthen
profitable
businesses, that
have the capacity to
create local jobs,
are compatible with
environmental and
biodiversity
protection, and use
locally-available
territory and raw
materials
Establish commercial links between
farmers and fruit transformers so as to
supply a temporary market (camps), as
a pilot program that could eventually
become a regional scale export business.
Results (components)
Potential market study completed.
Raw materials supply chain defined and in
operation.
Transformation chain defined and in operation.
Consolidate aquiculture activities in
Madre de Dios making it more
competitive and viable through the
incorporation of the production of fry
and balanced fishfood made primarily
with locally available inputs, into the
regional value chain.
Raw materials supply chain defined and in
operation.
Expansion of
laboratory for natural
products and
development of new
products and
infrastructure in the
Ñape Ethnobotanical
Center (Native
Community of Infierno)
Strengthen the sustainability of the
Ñape Ethnobotanical Center through
the generation of additional sources of
income and the provision of more
services, so as to increase output and
improve product quality.
Laboratory for processing medicinal plants
expanded.
Support for the
production and
commercialization of
South American
domestic camelids in
the districts of
Ocongate and
Marcapata
Improve the income of South American
domestic camelid breeders (alpacas
and llamas) in the towns of Hualla
Hualla, Yanacancha, Huayna
Ausangate, Pacchanta, Upis Pampa,
Mallma, Maranpaqui Alto, Llullucha and
Patahuasi
Support for
production of guinea
pigs in the district of
Ccatcca
Improve the income of guinea pig
producers in the towns of Huara Huara,
Lloqueta, Ccopi, Ccatccapampa,
Ausaray and Huayllabamba
Ornamental plant
production
development in the
CIS
Increase the populations’ income
through the production of ornamental
plants (orchids and heliconias) in
Marcapata, Quincemil and Iberia.
Consolidation of
aquiculture in Madre
de Dios
Ecobusinesses
Objectives
Balanced fishfood production chain defined
and in operation.
Activities
Market studies, supply and product
transformation chains identified and
operating (strengthening of organizations,
formalization and training).
Supply and production chains identified and
in operation (strengthening of organizations,
formalization and training); fry production
(construction and implementation of a
laboratory) and preparation of a market study.
Fry production secured.
Market for Amazon fish and regional potential
identified.
Solar dryer built.
Interpretation center implemented.
Logistics and services infrastructure improved.
Partial construction and implementation of
the laboratory; design and construction of a
solar dryer; construction and implementation
of an interpretation center, kitchen and
restrooms; development of new medicinal
products and products for aromatherapy.
New medicinal products developed.
Aromatherapy products developed.
Water resource management completed.
Expert advice on camelid reproduction completed.
Production and transformation support
completed.
Organization of the sales system.
Institutional strengthening.
Reproduction and breeding.
Management and transformation.
Sales support.
Two pilot plants for the production of orchids
established.
A pilot plant for producing heliconias
established.
Construction of micro enterprises; training in:
irrigation system management, pasture
conservation techniques, disease prevention
and control, organizational skills; expert
advice on controlled census practices,
feeding methods, fodder management and
organization and promotion through
business conferences.
Training in: Reproduction, breeding, pasture
management, feeding, sanitation, business
management, slaughtering and quality;
granting of loans, construction of a slaughter
house and organizational strengthening.
Form producer associations, construction and
equipping of a nursery or other production
facility, contact exporters and/or brokers
9. Results and activities
Programs
Projects
Objectives
Results (components)
Activities
At least 4 Private Land Conservation areas
established with master plans in place.
Establishment and preparation of master plans or
private land conservation management plans,
conservation concessions, ecotourism
concessions.
At least 3 guesthouses consume products and/or
services from privately-owned lands in the
Tambopata National Reserve Buffer Zone Area.
Consolidation of
the Tambopata
National Reserve
Buffer Zone
The consolidation of at least
35,000 ha of the Tambopata
National Reserve Buffer
Zone, as a joint strategy
involving the civil society,
capitalizing on the lessons
learned, contribute to prevent
and mitigate adverse
environmental impacts on
the area.
At least 5 Concessions for Ecotourism already
have management plans (designed , approved
and in implementation).
At least 2 Conservation Concessions have been
established and 4 have implemented
management plans.
The Tambopata National Reserve contributes
effectively towards the consolidation of private
conservation initiatives in the Buffer Zone.
The implementation of economic activities in the
Native Communities of Sonene and Palma Real,
that are linked to tourist development in Lower
Madre de Dios, are producing socio-economic
benefits to the native people.
Biodiversity
Conservation
The Private Land Conservation areas and the
non-wood forest concessions have been formed
as a network for multidisciplinary research that
will contribute towards the development and
conservation of the buffer zone.
Objective:
To promote socio
economic
development in the
area of influence of
stretches 2 and 3 of
the Interoceanic
Highway through the
consolidation of
sustainable
productive spaces,
and contribute to
mitigate indirect
impacts. This will help
to maintain the
current and potential
productive values,
and to conserve the
biological and
ecological values of
the nucleus area of
the
Vilcabamba-Amboró
Conservation
Corridor.
At least 5,000 ha of Lower Tambopata and Lower
Madre de Dios areas, lying within the Tambopata
National Reserve Buffer Zone, have been granted
in concession for ecotourism thus becoming an
internal tourist destination thereby opening up
the way for local development.
Contemporaneous information available for
decision-making.
Consolidation of
the Tambopata –
Manu area
At least 80,000 ha of forest in
the Tambopata – Manu area
are conserved through the
consolidation of private
management and
conservation initiatives,
contributing towards
ensuring that the forest cover
and biodiversity in the
Tambopata National Reserve
and the Manu National Park
are preserved.
At least 5 concessions for ecotourism have been
established, of which 3 have already got their
management plans on hand and 2 have already
implemented them.
18,000 ha of forest granted in concession for
reforestation are being managed sustainably.
A management strategy for the consolidation of
at least 5 wood forest concession in the
Tambopata – Manu area (approx. 40,000 ha) has
been designed and is currently in
implementation.
Native Communities of Shiringayoc and Boca
Inambari with strengthened capacities and
implementing resource management plans.
Market surveys, identification and development of
products and/or services (tourist-related activities)
in private lands that could possibly be available to
grant in concession for ecotourism and travel
businesses.
Articulation of management areas with tourism
through planning, technical and legal assistance
and the implementation of two checkpoints.
Development of interpretation services and
guided tours for visitors in the Native
Communities of Palma Real and Sonene;
development and implementation of an
ecotourism project designed with Sonene that
consists in recovering the community’s guest
house.
Design and implementation of an applied
research program for the Tambopata Natural
Reserve area prioritizing the Private Land
Conservation areas and the non-wood forest
concessions.
Spatial and temporal analysis of land use change
in the areas surrounding stretches 2 and 3;
update and implement a program to monitor
adverse impacts and risks facing the
Management Committee.
Preparation of a document containing lessons
learned, right from the local experience.
Establishment, preparation and implementation
of management plans for ecotourism concessions.
Identification of partners and definition of
intervention strategies, identification of training
requirements and provision of technical
reinforcement for the management of
reforestation concessions; technical assistance
and formulation of proposals for associations to
access fund bids; preparation of management
plans and provision of technical assistance for
their implementation.
Evaluation of the legal standing and present
management of forest concessions; identification
of training requirements for managing them;
identification of alternative activities; design and
implementation of strategies and development of
technical skills for managing these concessions
and advisory services to help producers access
fund bids.
Socio economic characterization, risk analysis and
definition of priority activities, definition of
resource management potential, resource
management plan designs and capacity building
for the implementation of the management plans.
Management and
conservation
strategies for the
consolidation of
the Yungas
Ecoregion Corridor
between the Manu
National Park and
the Bahuaja
Sonene National
Park of Yungas
Manu – Bahuaja
Sonene
The implementation of
management strategies
co-designed with authorities
and local inhabitants fosters
the conservation of at least
100,000 ha of forests within
the area of the Manu
National Park and the
Bahauja Sonene National
Park.
The Municipality of Camanti has a management
and conservation strategy for the middle upper
basin of the Nusiniscato river and for the
upstream watershed of the rivers Camanti and
Azulmayo, designed with the local population
and backed by the Regional Government of
Cuzco.
A conjunct strategy has been designed by local
authorities and the local inhabitants, for the
management and conservation of the
Northeastern section of the Bahuaja Sonene
Buffer Zone and the connectivity area comprised
of the Esquilaya, Choquepata, Icaco and Blanco
river basins.
At least 3 management areas have been formally
established, have implemented management
plans and have strengthened management skills.
Coordination with municipalities and local
inhabitants; a brief ecological and social
assessment and the participative design of
management and conservation strategies for the
identified priority areas.
Drafting of files and follow-up work for the
establishment of the management areas;
technical assistance, preparation and
implementation of a management document; and
design and implementation of a capacity building
program for managing the established areas.
Impreso en papel reciclable, libre de ácido y con procesos libres de cloro elemental (ECF)