Report on the Dissemination Conference

Transcription

Contents
Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................... 2
DAY 1: THURSDAY, 14TH MARCH 2013 .................................................................................................... 3
OPENING SESSION.................................................................................................................................... 3
OPENING REMARKS BY PROF. JOHN MUYONGA, DEAN, SCHOOL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY,
NUTRITION AND BIO -ENGINEERING ................................................................................................. 3
REMARKS BY ASSOC. PROF. GEORGE W. NASINYAMA, DEPUTY DIRECTOR, RESEARCH AND
INNOVATION, DIRECTORATE OF RESEARCH AND GRADUATE TRAINING ............................... 3
SESSION 1: FOOD, NUTRITION AND VALUE ADDITION .................................................................. 4
SESSION 2: SOIL & CROP SCIENCE AND FOREST RESOURCES ..................................................... 10
SESSION 3: LANGUAGE, COMMUNICATION AND THE MEDIA .................................................... 15
SESSION 4: SOCIO-CULTURAL, POST-WAR AND GENDER STUDIES .......................................... 19
DAY 2: 15TH MARCH 2013 ....................................................................................................................... 21
SESSION 1: HEALTH DISEASE DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND MONITORING .......................... 21
SESSION 2: VETERINARY MEDICINE AND ANINIMAL RESOURCES ............................................. 28
SESSION 3: EDUCATION ........................................................................................................................ 35
CLOSING REMARKS BY PROF. ELI KATUNGUKA ............................................................................. 37
APPENDIX 1: WORKSHOP PROGRAMME ........................................................................................... 38
APPENDIX 2: LIST OF PARTICIPANTS ............................................................................................. 45
Executive Summary
The Directorate of Research and Graduate Training, Makerere University with support from the
Carnegie Corporation of New York has been implementing the Next Generation of African
Academics (NGAA) Project. The goal of the project was to improve capacity of Makerere
University and other public universities to build & retain academic staff. The project
focused on human resource development and staff retention. Over 100 PhD students benefitted
under this support through small grants scheme towards data collection and completion of their
PhD studies as well as travel grants to present their findings at international conferences. In
addition, 6 Post-Doctoral research teams and over 40 Master’s students also benefited from the
research grants. The small grants scheme enabled students to benefit at various stages of their
post graduate studies.
The dissemination conference held on 14th and 15th March 2013 was one of the major milestones
that showcased research outputs from beneficiaries of the research support by the Carnegie
Corporation of New York for the period 2010-2012. The theme of this conference “Advancing
Scholarship and Retention of the Next Generation of Academics at Makerere University” was a
reflection of the role that Makerere as a research-driven university plays in the knowledge
economy as well as motivating staff to stay in research.
The conference provided an opportunity to share the research findings arising from research
conducted by the awardees of NGAA project research grants - the next generation of academics at
Makerere University. The event revealed that a lot of scholarly work was being done at Makerere
University and it was an opportunity to appreciate the effort even with minimal resources. It was
an opportunity for upcoming scholars to identify who to partner with, learn, share experiences,
critique each and improve. Some of the research findings will find use in influencing policy for the
benefit of the wider society.
The participants presented quality research outputs both oral and poster presentations. Plenary
sessions with a total of 38 oral presentations and 6 poster presentations were held at the two-day
conference (The Detailed Conference Programme is attached as APPENDIX 1). Other
participants that graced the occasion were College Principals, Deans and Directors of Schools and
Institutes, as well as supervisors and mentors of the students (The detailed list of participants
is attached as APPENDIX 2)
DAY 1: THURSDAY, 14TH MARCH 2013
OPENING SESSION
OPENING REMARKS BY PROF. JOHN MUYONGA, DEAN, SCHOOL OF FOOD
TECHNOLOGY, NUTRITION AND BIO -ENGINEERING
In his opening remarks, Prof. Muyonga, Dean, School of Food Technology, Nutrition and Bio Engineering welcomed everybody to the School, where the Conference was hosted and thanked
the Directorate of Research and Graduate Training for organizing such an important event that
would showcase the research work carried out by Makerere University’s next generation of
academics. He went further to extend his thanks to the Carnegie Corporation of New York for
their generosity to Makerere University’s research agenda and institutional development
programme.
REMARKS BY ASSOC. PROF. GEORGE W. NASINYAMA, DEPUTY DIRECTOR, RESEARCH
AND INNOVATION, DIRECTORATE OF RESEARCH AND GRADUATE TRAINING
Assoc. Prof. Nasinyama thanked participants for having turned up in large numbers and gave a
brief history about the Carnegie- Makerere long term relationship. Carnegie’s support to
Makerere University was traced way back in the 1960’s. Participants were reminded of the last
collaboration which was the 2001-2010 Institutional Development Programme (IDP) under which
various university units received capacity building, scholarship and general institutional
development support.
Assoc. Prof. Nasinyama, noted that the IDP was a very successful partnership that saw Makerere
reposition herself as a centre of academic excellence. He highlighted the major challenge being
the absence of a resident office of the Corporation in Africa for close interface. He implored the
Corporation to think of establishing a resident office in Uganda for more effective collaboration.
He mentioned that the Next Generation of African Academics (NGAA) was 2-year project which
began in 2010. The goal of NGAA was, “to improve capacity of Makerere University and other
public universities to build & retain academic staff. The project has supported the following
categories of beneficiaries
Category
Post-docs research teams
PhD Study / Research
Masters Study / Research
Travels Masters, PhDs & Post-docs
Publication
Skills enhancement workshops
Male
5
52
31
23
3
183
Female
1
25
11
20
1
83
Total
6
77
42
43
4
216
This is an impressive number given that the initial target was 6 Post-Doctoral teams, 20 PhDs and
20 Masters Students. The project was redesigned to award small grants in order to benefit as
many students as possible. A proposal for a 3-year successor grant was submitted to the
Corporation and it is envisaged that 20 PhD Full scholarships will be awarded in the later part of
2013.
In his concluding remarks Assoc. Prof. Nasinyama urged the beneficiaries to openly share their
research work to be able to assess the outputs and outcomes of their research and to actively
participate in the two-day conference.
SESSION 1: FOOD, NUTRITION AND VALUE ADDITION
SESSION CHAIR: Professor John Muyonga, Dean, School of Food Technology, Nutrition
and Bio -Engineering, Makerere University
Oral Presentation 1
Interface Between Western Agricultural Science and African Indigenous
Knowledge in Food Production: The Ugandan Case
Researcher(s)
Harriet Najjemba, PhD Student
Summary of presentation
Recent research indicates that inadequate food production in Luwero District is
partly due to the reliance on indigenous agricultural practices. Use of western
scientific agricultural methods was introduced as early as the 1910s. However, the
study confirmed that small scale farmers in Luweero mostly use indigenous
agricultural practices with minimal use of scientific methods in seed preservation,
weed and pest control, water retention and post-harvest management of food. To
remedy food shortage and ensure food security, this study proposes an integration
of aspects of both indigenous and western scientific agricultural practices in food
production and preservation.
The Researcher should have presented statistics to show the levels of traditional
versus modern agricultural practices
An assessment of access and untilisations of the tractors availed in the district at
sub-county level should be factored in the study
Comments / discussions
Oral Presentation 2
Novel products from desert date: Adding value to desert date leaves and
fruits
Researcher(s)
Clement A. Okia (PI- Post-doc); Noble Banadda (Mentor), Stella Echeru;
Barbra Akajorit , Justus Kwetegeka, Fred B. Lukwago, Jacob G. Agea and
Allan Komakech
Balanites trees are common in drylands of Uganda, especially West Nile, Teso and
Karomaja sub-regions. But But only about 5% collected in W. Nile for oil
production and Only 2% reach the market. The study set out to contribute towards
improved livelihoods among dry land communities and environmental
conservation through improved use of Balanites aegyptiaca. Unlocking the
commercial potential of Balanites is likely to result in the conservation of this
indigenous dry land tree, hence contributing to environmental conservation.
•
Outputs / Outcomes
Outputs:
• Appropriate and feasible method for processing and packaging of Balanites
leaves developed,
• A suitable jam and/or drink developed from Balanites fruit pulp and tested
for its acceptability,
• Appropriate and feasible nut cracking technique for improved kernel
extraction developed, and
• Effect of different kernel extraction methods on oil yield and quality
assessed.
• One M.Sc. student trained and a thesis produced;
• At least two journal articles published in a peer reviewed journals;
• Information sheets on different aspects under the study produced and
disseminated.
Outcomes
• Leaf powder, wine and nut cracker – developed
• Status of Balanites and other dry land fruit trees has attracted interest from
research and development partners.
• Plans are underway to access additional funds from UNDP for nutritional
work
• Development project based on Balanites products has been submitted GoU
to following request
Comments / discussions
•
•
Oral Presentation 3
Researcher(s)
Given that this is a wild trees there should be plan to conserve the tree or
promote planting of the tree.
The study should highlight how the products will be accessed and utilized
by the local people; how do the local people benefit from the long shelf life
of the products? This can be through the use of traditional preservative
methods to be used beyond the dry season
Characterization of the Physico-chemical properties of selected white
sorghum grain and flours for the production of Sorghum ice cream cones
J. Kigozi (PhD student), Y. Byaruhanga, N. Banadda1 and A. Kaaya
(Supervisors)
Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor (L) Moench), is an important cereal grain in the
developing countries due to its drought resistance and relatively low input costs
[Fernholz, 2006; Yijun et al.,2008]. In Uganda sorghum production is well
established and has been practiced across communities for centuries. It is
consumed predominantly as a primary commodity with little value addition but
researchers are working on increasing production of sorghum as well as the value
chains that increase its utilization [Byaruhanga & Auko, 2009; Kigozi et al, 2011].
This research therefore aimed at characterizing selected white sorghum varieties
and establishing their potential as alternative material for the production of ice
cream cones.
A comparison of the ice cream cone properties with pasting properties showed that
the break down viscosity (r=-0.825 and r=-0.701) and the final viscosity(r=-0.834
and r=-0.689), had the highest correlation with the ice cream permeability and
weight. Break down and final viscousity can be used to show the potential of a flour
Output
Comments / questions /
discussions
for ice cream cone production.
 Results from this study showed ; Grain size, endosperm texture, grain
composition determined the swelling power and pasting properties of the
flours
 Swelling power and pasting properties of the flours which were seen as the
highest determinants of as ice cream cone weight, hardness, cone texture
and ice cream permeability , were most significantly affected by;
 amylose/amlopectin ratio

amylose content
 lipids,
 dietary fibre,
 tannins and minerals.
Sorghum cones
Qn: Did you compare your cones with the wheat cones?
Qn: How do the eating properties compare with the commercial ones?
Qn: What difference would the cones make, cheaper, tastier?
Response: Sorghum cones rated very well and some people prefer the sorghum
which is tastier. Sorghum cone will be cheaper since wheat is becoming more
expensive, it is also nutritionally better
The researcher should think of issues of Intellectual Property. She should consult
Dr. Nasinyama, Deputy Director (Research and innovations) on how to go about
protecting the intellectual property
Oral Presentation 4
Researcher(s)
discussions
Analysis of Heritability and drought adaptation traits in selected Ugandan
sweet potato cultivars
Anthony Mwije (Masters Student), S.B. Mukasa and S. Kyamanywa
(Supervisors)
rd
Sweetpotato is the 3 most important staple crop in Uganda. It grows fairly well in
almost all agro ecologies with less or no inputs. Is a multipurpose crop; food,
Income, feed resource and health benefits, but its potential lies unexploited in this
country because of numerous production constraints that include drought stress.
Drought stress has received less attention and is behind the major farmer
challenges in sweet potato growing especially limiting the adoption of elite
varieties. The use of drought resistant genotypes is envisaged to be better than
water management strategies.
The aim of this research work was to generate knowledge and clones for use in
developing drought tolerant elite sweet potato varieties for Ugandan farmers.
GCA and SCA were highly significant thus additive and non-additive gene actions
are predominant. GCA of higher magnitude shows the importance of additive gene
action in these traits. The GCA and SCA ratio was also more than one for all the
traits suggesting that they are mainly under additive genetic control.
Key and simple to measure morphological, physiological and phenological traits
that can be used in screening large numbers of clones for drought tolerance have
been verified.
Qn: How will research results reach the potato growing communities? Resp. With
time the clones can be provided to the potato to breeders who will distribute them
to the taken to farmers. In addition, the researcher recommends further study
about breeding.
Yield vs Taste: There is a difference in potato taste by season, during the dry season
the tubers are smaller and tastier. The researcher should consider manipulating the
gene to make the rainy season ones tastier and floury as opposed to the watery
ones.
Oral Presentation 5
Researcher(s)
Hot pepper, French beans and okra production in Uganda’s banana-coffee
farming system area: Analysis of their adoption and underlying
Implications.
Lwasa S.(PhD Student), Mugisha J. and Sserunkuuma D (Supervisors)
Ugandan farmers are adopting production of NTHEC e.g. Hot Pepper (Capsicum
annum), French beans (Phaseolus spp.) & Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) albeit
slowly. The farming environment is complex & characterized by volatile
input/output markets. Therefore, integration of exportable HVCs in farm plans
predisposes farmers to more risks.
Production of coffee the major cash crop is declining due to coffee wilt disease
(UCDA, 2011). To improve competitiveness in the global market economy farmers
need guidance to benefit fully from these crops. The purpose of the study was to
determine the economic implications for adopting the Non-Traditional HVCs.
The study found out that:
• Hot pepper, French beans and Okra are profitable and profitability is far
higher (4-5 times) compared to traditional crops
• Adopters are better off than non-adopters (income, welfare, assets)
• Modest evidence that producing HVCs reduces income inequality and
reduces poverty
discussions
Qn: Isn’t there a risk of promoting these crops at the expense of growing food and
other cash crops- just like what happened with vanilla?
Resp. The study found this a challenge, however, not all farmers are in position to
grow them. Most adoptive farmers practice mixed farming especially with livestock
Oral Presentation 6
Spatial and temporal analysis of the Normalized Difference Vegetation
Index under climatic stresses and implications to food security in Northern
Uganda
Yazidhi Bamutaze (PI- Post-doc); Ellen Kayendeke and Daniel Nadhomi
Land degradation and food security are serious challenges in Uganda. Although
enough food is produced nationally annually, there are critical issues of Geography
(space and time). Climate change is expected to worsen the situation i.e.
production, ecosystem integrity & subsequently livelihoods (ecosystem dependent).
Thus, need for knowledge that can help to make the ecosystems and livelihoods
more resilient (coping and adaptive strategies)
The study investigated the spatio-temporal dynamics of vegetation & other land
complexes in northern Uganda as linked to climate patterns.
The concluded that there were temporal variability in rainfall, but not significant.
The study observed spatial and temporal changes in vegetation and land cover
complexes and these changes strongly correlated to climate. There was no
detection of a definitive link between NDVI and Production not regional level, but
potential existed. Strong seasonal signal exists which can be exploited to enhance
food security, ecosystem integrity & CCA.
Qn: What is the meaning of results in terms of food security and Climate change in
Northern Uganda
Researcher(s)
discussions
Resp. People in Northern Uganda have to adapt to changing climatic conditions
and put in place timely interventions of changing climatic seasons by varying
planting seasons and crop varieties that are resistant to certain climatic condition.
Oral Presentation 7
Researcher(s)
discussions
Commercial Sugarcane growing: Implications for household Food Security
in Eastern Uganda
Edward N. Mwavu (PI- Post-doc); Vettes K. Kalema, Fred Bateganya
In the recent times the government of Uganda has encouraged farmers to invest in
commercial agricultural enterprises notably vanilla and upland rice growing, but
with mixed results. People have taken to growing sugarcane on a commercial basis
resulting in the conversion of different land-use/cover types to monoculture
sugarcane plantations. This might compromise the sustainable management of
their agro-diversity as well as food production consequently exposing them to food
insecurity and malnutrition.
The study assessed the: i) contribution of commercial sugarcane growing to
household level food security, and; ii) The levels of food security among
households within the commercial sugarcane growing villages of Mayuge and Jinja
Districts, Uganda.
The study revealed that Most of the HHs (87%) did not have adequate and
nutritious foods to meet their family needs. There are few varieties of food crops
cultivated by HHs; and the HHs do not have enough money to supplement what
they grow. Even among the commercial sugarcane growers, only 3 in every 10
households reported food adequacy. Households employ various coping
mechanisms that include; offering labour in exchange for food (30.8%), borrow
food (9.1%), rationing of food (7.2%) and at times stealing from their neighbours.
This has not been helped by the increasing trends in; crop failures, family sizes,
trade in food items in the villages, and declining food availability, land available for
crop cultivation, and livestock numbers.
Commercial sugarcane growing although contributing to increased household
income does not necessarily increase food adequacy among households.
Land size and how it is used appears to be a key factor in food security puzzle in
the study area.
Implications for policy-making of poverty alleviation and food security will be to
focus on providing triple-win strategies that provide sustainable livelihoods
Qn: How did your study correlate poverty alleviation vis a vis food security?
Resp: The study focused on access, availability and nutritional value of sugar cane.
However, on the issue of poverty, it is important to encourage farmers to consider
mixed farming to produce food.
Qn: How do you want to carry this study to inform policy on poverty alleviation in
the Busoga region?
Resp: To inform policy, the Researcher will develop policy briefs about the need for
by laws about sugar cane growing
Qn: Why is it that it is the male headed households that are very food insecure, yet
males are presumed to be the ‘bread winners’?
Resp: This is because females focus on producing food for family while men use
their money for other purposes e.g. commercial ventures
Validity of findings-you could have shown a correlation between the sugar cane
growers and non-sugar cane growers to see whether to attribute sugar cane
growing to poverty reduction. As the next step, the research needs to look at non
sugar cane growers
Oral Presentation 8
Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Cape Gooseberry,
Physalisperuviana L. Landraces for Screening in Uganda”
Researcher(s)
Wanyama David R.I.P (PhD Student): The Researcher passed away in a road
accident just a few days to the conference. A moment of silence was
observed.
Poster Presentation 1
An assessment of climate change and its impacts on food security in Paicho
Sub County, Gulu district
Oriangi, G. (MSc Student), Bamutaze, Y., MukwayaP.I.
Climate change and variability is generally expected to adversely affect food
availability particularly among the poor who depend on climate for their
agriculture and income. In the year 2010, an estimate of 925 million people
remained food insecure worldwide, 200 million people in Africa are food insecure
and in Uganda an estimate of 27% of the households are food insecure. However
the site specific impacts of climate change/variability on food security are not fully
understood due to coarse resolution data. In this study we assessed variability and
changes in climate to determine their impacts on food availability, established the
coping and adaptation strategies and evaluated the role of institutions in
combating climate change/ variability effects The study was implemented using a
combination of methods i.e. household surveys, downscaling of future climate
data, collection of secondary data and measurement of soil samples. Rainfall and
temperature data was obtained and subjected to time series analysis to generate
rainfall trend, maximum and minimum temperature trends for the period 19802010, the Penman-Grindley soil moisture balance model is being used to
determine the effects of changes/variability in climate on millet yields. However
the model is still being run. The interviews were used to collect data from 147
household on their perceptions on climate change/variability and their effects on
food availability, copping and adaptation strategies and institutional roles and
were analyzed using frequencies, cross tabulations, chi-square and factorial
analysis.
The preliminary results indicate that there is an insignificant decrease in rainfall
(statistics indicates that r2 = 0.094), a significant increase in maximum
temperature (statistics indicates that r2 = 0.5) and an insignificant increase in
minimum temperature (r2 = 269). Increase in maximum and minimum
temperature is the most serious climate change hazard because it leads to
reduction of soil moisture and water shortage for livestock which affects crop
growth, resultant yields leading to limited food availability. The concept of climate
change itself is not very familiar to the local people in Paicho Sub County in Gulu
district but when they were interviewed on the changes and variations they have
noticed in the present climate conditions compared to the last 10-30 years, they
recognized remarkable changes. Climate parameters that have changed ranking
from the most changed to the least changed are; Rainfall, temperature wind speed
and direction, sunshine hours, humidity, and cloud cover. These have changed
and seasonally vary affecting food production and food availability leading to
Researcher(s)
Abstract
approximately a half of the population having limited food available at any time of
the year i.e. 54% of the households have limited food available during the rainy
season, 42% have limited food available during the dry season and 3% have limited
food available throughout the year. The worst effects to the least effects of climate
change/ variability are; diseases/ death of animals, shortage of food, crop failure,
shortage of water, fall in price/value of animals, shortage of pasture, human
suffering and shortage of drugs for treatment. The pattern of food production and
the number of meals consumed per day has improved as compared to the last 5
years due to relative peace. However, 10% of the households have only one meal a
day and 77% have two meals a day these suggests that they are still severely food
insecure because a severely food insecure household cuts on the number of meals
consumed each day. Currently there is no significant relationship between the
number of meals consumed and household type indicated by asymptotic value
0.489. However, five years ago there was a significant relationship between the
number of meals consumed each day and household type indicated by asymptotic
value 0.076. Also, there is a significant relationship between household weekly
income and the number of meals consumed each day indicated by asymptotic
value 0.035. The copping strategies to enhance food availability include; exchange
of labor for food, getting food help from the community, relatives and food
agencies, buying food from the market and getting other jobs outside agriculture.
The adaptation strategies include; mixed cropping, water preservation, pasture
preservation, adjustment of planting dates, diversification of production, rearing
improved breeds of livestock, planting improved crop varieties and irrigation
farming. The role of institutions in dealing with climate change/variability
includes; access to information about modern skills in farming, forth coming
seasonal changes and access to credit in order to improve agriculture.
Recommendations designed include; planting more trees and controlling bush
burning. To cope up with the effects of climate change and variability, there is
need for water reuse, reliance on social networks and planting more fruit trees.
Adaptation strategies need to incorporate improved land management,
integration of crop, livestock and fisheries sector, more research and
Dissemination. Institutions need to increase access to financial support, capacity
building, more emphasis on reforestation, total ban on bush burning, more
research, enhancing resistance to disaster and improving disaster management,
proper management of natural resources and improving extension service. The
effects of climate change /variability on the health of farm animals and crops has
not been studied in depth.
SESSION 2: SOIL & CROP SCIENCE AND FOREST RESOURCES
Session Chair: Professor Oswald Ndoleriire, Ag. Principal College of Humanities and
Social Sciences, on behalf of Prof. Samuel Kyamanywa, Principal College of Agriculture
and Environmental Science
Oral Presentation 9
Shea Butter tree (Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn.) fruit yield in relation to
Dendrometric traits and Land-use in Uganda
Researcher(s)
Patrick Byakagaba (PhD student); Gerald Eilu, John Bosco L. Okullo, Edward N.
Mwavu and Susan B. Tumwebaze
Shea butter tree (V . paradoxa ) is an indigenous savanna tree species that occurs
in eastern Africa and west Africa forming part of the Sudanian regional centre of
endemism. It is one of the most important fruit trees in the savannah woodlands
of Africa. The pulp can be eaten as a snack or processed into juice while the butter
extracted from the dried kernels may be used as vegetable oil, manufacturing of
skin care products and in pharmaceutical as well as confectionery industries.
There is growing international demand for shea butter products especially in
chocolate and cosmetic industry that has made Shea butter a flagship export
commodity for many African countries.
The aim of this study was to assess V. paradoxa fruit yield in relation to
dendrometric traits and land-use practices. Fruit yield in this study refers to the
number of fruits on each tree.
The DBH and crown diameter were generally significantly correlated to fruit yield.
The correlation between the numbers of branches at first forking, total height,
height at first forking and fruit yield was generally weak compared to the
correlation between DBH, crown diameter and fruit yield. Height at first forking
point was not significantly correlated with fruit yield when the data of all sites
were aggregated.
Conclusion:
•
•
•
•
•
discussions
Land-use influences fruit yield in Shea butter tree, however its influence
varies with site.
Current field and young fallows have better fruit yield compared to sites
that have been left under fallow for a long time
Fruiting in Shea butter trees is cyclic and is most likely influenced by
rainfall distribution in the preceding year
Dendrometric traits influence fruit yield however their influence is weak
compared to land-use type on fully mature trees
It is possible to construct fruit yield prediction models in Shea butter tree
however it is difficult to build models that can be applicable to different
sites
Qn: When u talk of ‘season’, how do you contextualize it and does it influence the
fruiting?
Resp: Season is categorized as wet and dry season, so production poor during the
dry season
Qn: Apart from food, what are the other uses of Shea butter?
Resp: Shea butter is used in beauty products and medicine.
Qn: Is it true that your study took geometric direction?
Resp: Yes we did correlations to determine products with high value.
Qn: What are the components found on most of the products?
Res: Consumers say that shea butter is too thick to customers request to dilute it
with some glycerin.
Oral Presentation 10
Chemical composition of essential oils from selected indigenous tree
species of Uganda
Researcher(s)
Christine Betty Nagawa (PhD Student); Stefan Bohmdorfer, Thomas
Rosenau (Supervisors)
Lumber and other wood products are widely used in residential construction,
utility poles, furniture and construction. However, many organisms such as fungi,
termites, degrade wood a natural organic material, as a result wood has to be
preserved to maintain its beauty and usability in different areas. The dangers
posed to wood treatment workers by most of the conventional wood preservatives
such as chromated copper arsenate, tanalith, creosote oil and the environmental
degradation capabilities of their use are becoming a matter of major concern
Worldwide. Some of the currently used wood preservatives might have harmful
effects on population and environment. It is important therefore to determine the
composition of essential oils and determine the natural products as these may be
easier to detoxify.
In this study the chemical composition of essential oils from Warbugiaugandensis,
Canariumschwenfurthi, Entadaabysinica, Syzigiumcordatum, and Albiziacoriaria
was determined to establish if they contain substances which are active against
the common antimicrobial agents. This was done by accelerated solvent
extraction, hydrodistillation and solvent extraction. Analysis was done by Gas
Chromatography coupled with a Mass spectroscopy (G/MS). Evaluation in
comparison with the comprehensive NIST’08 and Wiley’09 databases gave a
First insight in the general chemical composition of the extractive mixtures. The
bark and leaves of the different species contain terpenes, sterols, fatty acids,
carbohydrates. Most of these compounds have been shown to have antimicrobial
activity. This shows that these tree species are promising wood preservatives,
further tests will be done to ascertain their applicability in the environment.
Qn: Does your study have direction and limits / Why study all trees and all
essential oils / Is there a scope of what you want to do, do you have specific trees
you are focusing on/ Is the study being carried out in the whole country, have you
included shea butter?
Resp: The study focused 8 tree species that have traditionally been used to treat
malaria and diarrhea
discussions
Qn: Regarding material transfer from here to Austria, did you sign a material
transfer agreement; have you considered issues of IP?
Resp; No agreements were signed, because samples and the data are the
researcher’s
Qn: What are these essential oils?
Resp. Essential oils are volatile aromatic component in the leaves, bark, roots and
flower. These are different from oils from nuts
Qn: Did you say Uganda has two seasons?
Resp: Uganda has two distinct rain patterns wet and dry
Researcher(s)
Phytochemistry and antiplasmodial activity of medicinal plants used by the
people and chimpazees in and around Kibale National Park.
Jane Namukobe (PhD Student); Bernard. T. Kiremire, Robert Byamukama,
John.M. Kasenene, Vincent Dumontet, Francois Guéritte , John D. Kabasa
Malaria is the single most important cause of ill health, death and poverty in subSaharan Africa yet a proper treatment of malaria in Uganda can be estimated at
10-15USD & not affordable to most people. The other challenge is drug resistance
to the available antimalarials like chloroquine. In addition, parasite resistance to
Artemisinine has now been registered in many countries like Cambodia, Thailand,
Vietnam and Myanmar. Therefore, the discovery of new alternatives is urgently
needed. The plant kingdom has been and remains a good source of
pharmacologically active compounds e.g. quinine, isolated from Cinchona sp and
artemisinin extracted from Artemisia annua
The study aimed at:
• Documenting the indigenous knowledge on the use of the medicinal
plants- Creating a basis for phytochemical investigation
• Extracting and screening for antiplasmodial activity and safety of selected
plant.
• Isolating & characterizing the active compounds which can be lead to
discovery of new drugs.
The study identifies important medicinal plants species. The activity N.macrocalyx
extracts supports its use. Some of the compounds determined are responsible for
the antiplasmodial activity of this plant & these could be leads to developing new
drugs as antimalarial.
discussions
Qn: Did you find same component in leaves and stem, or they were different?
Did you consider in the maturity of the leaves?
Resp: Some component in leaf and stem are similar while some are not. Although
the maturity of leaves didn’t matter, the study found out that the roots are the less
potent
Qn: What about Intellectual Property issues?
Resp: the issue of ownership has been discussed and according to the
memorandum of understanding, Makerere will benefit
•
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Researcher(s)
By stem, the researcher actually meant the bark
The time of the day has an effect of the type of the compounds especially
concentration however, the users of the specie were not particular about the
time of day
Anatomical characterization and prediction with age, of Ugandan grown
Eucalyptus grandis wood.
Sseremba, O. E. (PhD Student), P. Mugabi and A.Y. Banana
Uganda has registered accelerated Climate change due to increased emissions
from deforestation and forest degradation. This is due to unsustainable utilisation
of forest resources, inappropriate allocation of wood to uses and value addition,
limited knowledge of wood properties and limited knowledge on the age specific
rotations of Eucalyptus grandis -miss used thinnings.
The object of the study was to determine the relationship between anatomical
characteristics and age of Ugandan grown E.grandis wood.
The anatomical characteristics obtained related to the required industrial
properties so as to allocate the age-specific utilisation avenues of Eucalyptus
grandis grown in Uganda.
The information obtained is envisaged to guide sustainable utilisation of the
timber rampant afforestation programs in country at academic, consumption and
policy levels.
discussions
Qn: Did I see any prediction model and any results of prediction ?
Resp: The research has not yet done modeling. The researcher intends
to know properties of eucalyptus at any age
Qn: Do we have one species of eucalyptus in Uganda?
Resp: There are quite many specie but the researcher chose grandis which is
being promoted currently.
Assessing potential soil quality indicators for predicting soil fertility status
in a Tropical Ferralsol
Researcher(s)
P. Musinguzi (PhD Student); P. Ebanyat; J.S.Tenywa; M.M. Tenywa, T.A
Basamba1; J.G.M. Majaliwa
In an effort to improve soil management, there is skeptism on what could be the
best and reliable single soil fertility indicator that can guide in nutrient
management. Some of indicators that have proposed include soil organic carbon,
C: N, particulate organic matter (POM-C) carbon management index, and Carbon:
Nitrogen ratio. However, among these, suitable indicator for small-holder farmers
remains unclear. Identification of affordable and measurable soil fertility indicator
to guide farmers is key
Objectives:
- Assess potential soil indicators for predicting
soil fertility status in tropical Ferralsols
- Identify suitable single soil fertility indicators for guiding fertilizer use
Total SOC, total N, CEC and POM-N were some of the chemical properties that
were promising to be potential soil fertility indicators as opposed to CMI, C: N or
POM-C for tropical soils. Use of total N alone is economically feasible option to
apply for most of the smallholder farmers.
discussions
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Analyzing a sample involves different parameters and a test kit costs
about 100USD. The study focused on minimizing costs to derive an
indicator that is representative of fertility levels
Heterogeneity is a challenge because soil potential varies a lot
Applying fertilisers as a blanket may not work because soil varies a lot.
There is need to be aware of strong soil differences and to regulate those
differences
Mobile Crop Surveillance and Diagnosis; A case of Cassava Mosaic Disease
Researcher(s)
Ernest Mwebaze (PhD Student) John A. Quinn (Supervisor)
Uganda is predominantly an agriculture-based economy where 40 % of the GDP is
produced by agriculture and 80 % of the people are either directly involved in or
are secondary beneficiaries of the sector. Cassava is a significant staple crop in the
country and worldwide is both the third largest source of carbohydrates for
human consumption and offers the highest amount of food calories per unit land
of any staple crop.
Severe crop losses have been experienced in Uganda due to viral disease, however.
This has necessitated several research stations being be set up with a specific
mandate to deal with surveillance and diagnosis of diseases, as well as production
of disease resistant cultivars.
Surveillance of disease nationwide is essential in that it enables suitable
interventions to be made in time to alleviate potential loss.
Findings
Automated diagnosis of CMD in plants can be done with extraction of color and
SIFT features. Accuracy we have obtained so far for the system to differentiate
diseased and healthy plants automatically is upwards of 92 %.
Surveillance of the incidence of CMD in remote districts of Uganda can be
improved by use of our mobile surveillance system where extension workers and
farmers can take images of cassava gardens and these are uploaded in real time on
a map and processed.
Qns: How are you trying to control for other diseases that cause cassava mosaic/
How do you differential between diseases using the phone? There is need to be
aware that there are other factor that can affect the leaves at the same time with
cassava mosaic
Resp: The application has a bit of uncertainty, the results are therefore
probabilistic.
discussions
Qn: Expensive phones, how many can afford an android phone in rural
communities?
Rep: Adoption of phone technology is very fast, it will be a matter of time and
farmers will be able to afford android phones
SESSION 3: LANGUAGE, COMMUNICATION AND THE MEDIA
Session Chair: Prof. Oswald Ndoleriire, Ag. Principal, College of Humanities and Social
Sciences
Researcher(s)
Language choice and communication factors for improved health and
nutritional practices in Uganda
Saudah Namyalo (PI-Post doc); Godfrey Watendwa
Uganda has not effectively designed a comprehensive communication strategy
which embraces and integrates the essential elements emanating from language
diversity and social-ethnic complexity. Ugandan languages are divided into four
major groups: Bantu, Sudanic, Eastern Nilotic &Western Nilotic. The first three
language groups, i.e. Bantu, Sudanic and Nilotics are as different as say English,
Chinese, and Arabic; and even the Eastern and Western Nilotic groups differ from
each other as much as English and French. Besides the multiplicity of languages, a
comparative view shows that a few of Ugandan languages are partially developed
Most of these languages are still oral and do not possess a written form. Because of
the multiplicity of languages, health and nutrition messages are mainly
disseminated either in English which is the country’s official language or the 16
area languages. This means none speakers of this language cannot receive health
and nutrition information in a language they understand well.
Communities are blocked from accessing health and nutrition information which
they need to induce the desired behavioral change if they do not understand the
language in which the message is communicated.
The absence of culture specific health/communication which would speak
relevantly about complex issues of identity, norms and values of the different
ethnic groups in Uganda, accounts for the failed behavioral change among the
communities (see one love campaign and family planning)
discussions
Qn: What is the difference between a language and a dialect
Resp: It is true that literacy levels affects determination of health but even those
who can read are not interested in health messages
Qn: Why not suggest a national language as a solution for all this
Resp: A national language is another complex debate – which language should be
made national; due to cultural, social and political reasons, people may not accept
the national language
•
•
•
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•
Researcher(s)
Health messages can be understood differently within same community.
The researcher should have looked at the role of literacy in language
It is difficult to draw a line between language and dialect since the
difference might be the similarity
Attitude that the language targets a particular group
Audience-Performer Interface as a battlefield of expression: A Study of
Ateso oral narratives
Simon Peter Ongodia (PhD Candidate)
In a narrative performance scenario it is assumed that the audience and performer
interface is on terms of understanding the various productive and receptive roles
of narrator and listener/observer. But, is this always the case? The study targeted
Ateso speaking communities of Serere, Ngora, Bukedea and Pallisa districts of
Uganda
The objectives of this study are to illustrate and appreciate the challenges faced by
performers and audiences in narrativity of Ateso oral narratives in Ateso speaking
communities in Uganda and Kenya
Using the quantitative data analysis techniques, the study received the following
results.
• In eighteen (18) performances in twelve (12) families and communities in
the four (4) districts of Serere, Ngora, Bukedea and Pallisa in Uganda were
observed and studied.
• There was a high rate of audience antagonism in Bukedea and Ngora than
in Pallisa and Serere. Overall rate of unpleasant intrusion was 75%.
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Some of the incidents were deterrent to performance as was seen in Teso
communities I stayed with.
The study establishes a relationship in the interaction of audienceperformer
Secondly, it established these psychological observations on mutuality
and intimacy exhibited in socio-anthropological settings and identified
these facets in the Teso socio-cultural setting.
The study observed that in telling a story, a performer underwent various
breath gaps, not only because he or she wanted to take a breath between
one episode or subplot and the next, but also because both verbal and
non-verbal forces were at play as the narrative progressed.
There were also other diversionary sights such as the stage hands or
prompters who become unnecessarily noticed.
Cultural changes and issues of identify were focal points in the
discussions hence, a yearning for platform to address such issues.
discussions
Qn. What factors affect audience response to the performer?
Resp: Factors range from
Dialectical
Age difference aspect
Cultural, among others
Individuals performing a society: textual-performer interplay in Soga oral
tales
Researcher(s)
Bukaayi Lillian (M.A Literature)
It is often times assumed that societies have one unified form of orature. It might
be said so for the Grim brothers’ tales or Aesop’s fables. But in Soga society, we
cannot lump them as one whole. This is because Lusoga language has the subdialects of Lutenga (mainly spoken in Jinja), Lulamogi (mainly spoken in Kamuli)
and Lupakooyo (mainly spoken in Iganga). This research investigated the aspects
that make performances vary and the features that give stability to tales. I used
similar tales performed by the same narrator on three different occasions to
investigate the aspects that remain constant and those that change in the process
of narration. I also used ‘similar’ tales by different narrators to investigate
individual unique artistry of performers and I compared an oral tale and a written
tale to analyse the differences in text and performance.
It was important to study textual features alongside performance features because
each is dependent on the other. While as texts are fixed until performed,
performance gives variance to a text. What would have seemed as one text
changed when performed before different audiences, under different occasions
even if the performer was the same. I also analysed a text performed by two
different people and a similar text in the performed and written mode. This study
brought out individual uniqueness, variability of performance and fixity of text. It
is rewarding to consider each individual performance as unique and different and
also to consider the many factors at play. What varied are the literal aspects that
gave beauty and aesthetics to each individual performance.
Many factors come into play during performance like setting, audience, location,
time, age, gender and even the mood of the performer and audience.
Writing down verbal arts saps a lot of life out of it and puts a big gap between the
performer and the audience which oral performance bridges and actually makes
the audience a big part of the performance.
discussions
Qn: When does a dialects stop being a dialect and become a language
(independent) e.g. Lulamoji, Lutembo, as dialects of Lusoga?
Resp: Language and dialect are arbitrary e.g. Spanish and Portuguese are mutually
intelligible but they consider themselves different languages. Similarly,
There are two forms of Chinese, but politically Chinese say they have one
language. Runyoro -Rutooro was considered as one language but they are called as
Runyakitara as one language. It is difficult to talk about dialect as language e.g.
American English, Australian English, British are all different but one language
English-not as straight forward.
(Re) framing Mass Media Values: The Prospects and Challenges of Peace
Media in Uganda
William Tayeebwa (Ph.D Graduate)
For two decades from 1987 to 2006, the three million inhabitants of Northern
Uganda lived under a civil war between the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) and the
Uganda People’s Defence Forces (UPDF). Several initiatives were undertaken to
end the insurgence ranging from cultural, to national, to international. The
findings of the study show the efforts to end the insurgency through three ‘peace
radio’ broadcasts on two radio stations. Dwog Cen Paco (Luo language for ‘come
back home’) as well as Ter Yat (Luo language for ‘conversation under a tree’)
broadcast weekly on 102 Mega FM in Gulu, while the third program ‘Vision for
Peace’ broadcasts on Radio Wa 89.8 FM in Lira.
Researcher(s)
The framing theory was deployed to analyze ways journalists and some media
actors on the broadcasts constructed the concept of ‘peace’ and relayed it as mass
media discourse. The analysis of the radio broadcasts reveals the broad discussion
of the drivers of conflict and/or violence in the country. Further, several actors of
peace as well as of conflict and/or violence were identified in the radio broadcasts.
From a broader perspective, the Peace Journalism theoretical framework was
deployed to interrogate conventional journalism norms and practices that often
valorize conflict and/or violence. The data shows that while appreciative of the
values of peace, Ugandan journalists still apprize the conventional media frames
that promote violence such as ‘drama’; ‘crisis’; ‘extremism’; ‘threats’; and
‘destruction’ among others. This, therefore, points to a need for a pedagogical and
praxis-oriented engagement with journalists to enhance skills in Conflict Sensitive
Reporting, which includes proficiency in conflict mapping and analysis.
The original contribution of the research is the proposition of media frames of
peace as an alternative to the entrenched frames of conflict and/or violence. Such
frames of peace include ‘cooperation and consensus’; ‘reconciliation and
forgiveness’; ‘patience and moderation’; ‘peacemakers and peace processes’;
‘humanness’; ‘truth and justice’ as well as ‘order and harmony’. In the paper, I
argue that these frames ought to constitute a monitoring and evaluation structure
for Peace Journalism practices and products.
discussions
Qn: Why do Journalists emphasise on negative things, rape, violence? Is this
because that is what the human mind wants?
Resp: This is because the mass media have the capacity to set the agenda (agenda
framing theory - how the story is framed, will be inflammatory and influence the
direction) , and audience consumes what is given, so journalists assume that that’s
what people want, but if people are given positive messages overtime, people will
adjust
Qn: Are there combatants who don’t wish to be referred to as victims and want to
be regarded as perpetrators?
Resp: Due to machismo-some rebels want to appear very important and
influential
Qn: What do we learn from the recent peaceful elections in Kenya?
Qn: How do you differentiate principle from person sentiments by mass media
Resp: The media should stop being negative and report positive news
SESSION 4: SOCIO-CULTURAL, POST-WAR AND GENDER STUDIES
Redefined Subordination: Interrogating Educated Women’s lived
experiences in contemporary urban Uganda
Researcher(s)
Peace Musiimenta (PhD Student)
The study explored the experiences of educated women as they negotiate the new
forms of marital power relations in urban Uganda. It also examines women’s lives
as beneficiaries of education in relation to their private & the public sphere lives.
The study found out that although women as beneficiaries of education, there are
manifestations of redefined and women experience shifting masculinities.
Even when women achieve the same education, even with supporting policies,
legal & institutional frameworks, they still experience subordination in a redefined
manner.
Education benefits women tremendously & changes their status, which provokes
patriarchal recreation hence redefined subordination
Educated women are not accepting subordination passively, nor lamenting but
actively negotiating the circumstances of their lives.
discussions
Qn: Hasn’t education taken the power of women in the homes, kitchen, reproductive power?
Resp: the study revealed that the ‘empowered’ woman faces secondary
subordination
The Use of Ritual in the Reintegration of Female ex-child soldiers in Northern
Uganda
Mbabazi Christine Mpyangu (M.A)
This thesis is an ethnographic study that aimed at explaining the role rituals play
in the reintegration of formerly recruited girls in northern Uganda. The study is
situated in the larger context of post-war Northern Uganda faced with the
challenge of receiving formerly recruited persons and having them settle down in
the community. Findings reveal that traditional and Christian rituals are useful in
the process of reintegration, especially because they enhance social acceptance,
healing, purification, forgiveness, and reconciliation among others. However,
Researcher(s)
Comments /
discussions
questions
Researcher(s)
Abstract
/
these rituals are not sufficient in as far as their contribution to enabling the girls
reintegrate because some of the challenges they face such as rejection and social
stigma, continue as a reality despite ritual performance. Pointing to the fact that
rituals may be limited in aiding the process of reintegration and so other
mechanisms such as psychosocial support do play an important role. The
phenomenon of ritual performance with specific reference to Acholi culture
highlights that the Acholi worldview should be comprehended, if anyone to
understand why ritual is important in the aforementioned process. The thesis
concludes that rituals occupy central place and that reintegration is a complex
process requiring different mechanisms to work together for the good of the girls
and their community. The study suggests that more comparative studies on how
other northern Uganda communities other than Acholi respond to reintegration
would be appropriate, since the rituals dealt with here were exclusively Acholi
rituals, yet the war affected the neighboring communities as well.
Qn: Which rituals are done and why are they done?
Resp: Both traditional and Christian rituals are done- Matoput, prayer and
confession, washing feet, bodies etc.
Qn: Why rituals?
Resp: Because they enhance social acceptance - purification. Social construction is
the way the Acholi view the world. Rituals are the order of the day. However,
rituals not generally accepted as best way of since the may cause, are not inclusive
/ sufficient. Alternatives to rituals include psycho-social support from
professionals and family support systems
Youth and Postwar Resettlement in northern Uganda
Arojjo Steven.O.O. (Phd Student)
The study focuses on formerly displaced northern Ugandan youth who previously
lived in internally displaced persons’ camps. Many youth in rural northern were
raised in internally displaced persons camps and that was the life they knew for
years. Some l discourse tends to view youth as a potential urban threat due to
their expected increase in the urban and peri-urban areas and high unemployment
rates. There are several other reasons for the significance of youth from a scholarly
perspective. Youth are increasingly disengaging from agriculture and becoming
engaged in non-agricultural production due to the pressing need for cash incomes
by households in Africa. The youth are often the labour force of their communities
making them responsible for sustaining family members. At the same time it is
evident that some youth in northern Uganda have developed new skills and
livelihood strategies over the years of encampment. These skills and livelihood
strategies will form an important part when youth resettle. Much as the youth play
an important role in their communities, the youth in postwar settings are also
beset by certain vulnerabilities. It is therefore important to look at the experiences
of youth in resettlement. The central research question of this study is: What is it
like for youth to undergo resettlement after a living in internally displaced
persons’ camps? The study will in addition be guided by the following more
specific questions: What risks, losses and opportunities have northern Ugandan
youth faced due to their resettlement? What are northern Ugandan youths’
perceptions of their vulnerability within the context of resettlement? What
capabilities do northern Ugandan youth possess, and in what ways have these
capabilities shaped their resettlement experiences? Finally, what were the
challenges in resettlement, and how did/do the youth deal with these challenges?
In the study youth who previously lived in IDP camps in Gulu were interviewed as
well as informants from NGOs offering services in their communities. The data
was collected using in depth interviews, collection of field documents and photoelicitation. The data was analysed using NVivo 10. The favourable environment for
organising associational life which has been used to create groups that have been
used to access resources. Some of these include training in technical education,
cookery, business and tailoring. The losses include land, livestock, education,
household items, death of relatives and also changes in the cultural setup. The
risks included the poor infrastructure and health services, poor/no water supply.
They also include failure to get access to land, drunkenness. Several capabilities
exist amongst the youth. These range from the most common being agriculture to
counseling and mobile phone repair. The vulnerabilities faced by youth were in
regard to shortages of food and nutritious foods, ill health, poor sanitation, water,
shelter and education as well as psychological factors. These include domestic
violence, drunkenness, abandonment of the elderly and young; orphan hood and
the apparent development of a narrower definition of those who can access land
through the family. Exposure to traumatic incidents made some people not want
to go back to such places and hence forced them to resettle elsewhere. The main
challenge faced by the youth nevertheless revolve around accessing land which
has affected many other things they are involved in. Other significant challenges
included lack of building materials, land disputes, lack of where to go and resettle
and finally how to deal with reported cases ghosts/spirits in places where people
were killed during the war. Responses to these challenges involve working hard in
the gardens to raise money, formation of groups and use of cultural and other
institutions. After the war the youth with HIV have to contend with accessing
services from places that may not be close to service providers together with the
associated costs. The lifestyle of youth has been heavily influenced by
encampment and this has led to certain cultural changes which may not be
sustainable in the villages to which the youth have now dispersed. Maintaining
some of these lifestyles may not be possible for some of the youth and it may
therefore lead them down the path of crime. The main capability still remains in
agriculture even where individuals possess other capabilities. Newer capabilities
like mobile phone repair and counseling have been added to what the rural youth
already possess. These capabilities provide the youth with opportunities to earn
and need to be nurtured just like agriculture does. This trend is consistent with
de-agrarianization in other parts of the continent.
DAY 2: 15TH MARCH 2013
SESSION 1: HEALTH DISEASE DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND MONITORING
SESSION Chair Prof. Celestine Obua, Ag. Deputy Principal, College of Health Sciences
Researcher(s)
Functional characterization of rhomboid homologues in mycobacteria
David P Kateete (PhD Student); Moses Okee, Samuel Kyobe and Moses Joloba
(represented by Dr. Samuel Kyobe)
The study set out to determine the distribution and nature of rhomboids in
discussions
Researcher(s)
discussions
Researcher(s)
mycobacteria using bioinformatics approaches, to characterize mycobacterial
rhomboids using Providencia stuartii model and to use gene deletion in
Mycobacterium smegmatis to glean roles of rhomboids in mycobacteria
From the findings it was deduced that mycobacterial rhomboids are
phylogenetically distinct proteases with different evolutionary
history. Gene deletion data suggests inhibition of DNA gyrase by MSMEG_4904;
however, the ameliorated effect in the double mutant suggests that the rhomboid
encoding genes in M. smegmatis exhibit compensatory or epistatic mechanism
Qn: Clarify on results of the tested drugs, what do the results mean?
Resp. The research looked at a gene that affects (increases) susceptibility of drug
resistance
Qn: Why did you choose to test the selected drugs?
Resp. The focus of the study was second line drugs such as Ciproflaxin which is
most the most abused second line drug
Population Structure and Phenotypes Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in
PeriUrban Kampala.
Wampande Mugwijja Eddie (PhD Student), Gagneux S, Boom H, Mupere E,
Joloba ML
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strain variability may have significant
implications for clinical manifestations of tuberculosis (TB). Previous studies have
shown that the MTB Uganda family, a sub lineage of the MTB lineage-4, is the
main cause of TB in Uganda. Using a well characterized patient population, this
study sought to determine whether there were patient characteristics associated
with disease induced by MTB Uganda family, in comparison to other lineages.
Results: For the last 2 decades three dominant MTB lineages were identified, with
an average distribution of MTB Uganda 63 %, lineage 4 non-Uganda 22 %, lineage
3 11% and 4 % were of unknown lineage. Time point frequencies showed MTB
Uganda family occurring at higher frequencies followed by lineage 4 non-Uganda
then lineage 3. Multivariate analysis revealed that patients infected with MTB
lineage 3 had a higher incidence (OR = 2, 95 % CI: 1.14-4.91) of cavitary TB in males
patients and all those who smoker (OR=4, 95% CI = 3.02-6.39).
Conclusion: For the last 19 years in peri-urban Kampala there are three
predominant MTB33
Qn: What do you mean by cavitation?
Resp. A whole that appears in the lungs, associated with virulence struck of
microbacteria
Local Indigenous Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices in Processing
Antimalarial Herbs: An Assessment Based on WHO Requirements
Odda J (PhD Student); Waako P; Kisaka S; Okello S; Kabasa J D; Obua C
(Supervisors)
Plasmodium falciparum malaria is a big challenge in Eastern Uganda with rural
Tororo as one of the very high transmission areas with about 562 entomological
inoculation rates [EIR] (Staedke et al. 2008). However, local communities have
tried to control malaria with medicinal herbs claiming that they have ant malarial
effects. The challenge with this is the lack of a standardize process of preparing
the medicinal herbs from collection…. Even though there is a WHO requirement
for herbal medicine processing, what is not known is whether the practices of the
herbalists conform to these standards, thus bringing to question the level of
quality and safety of the products.
The purpose of this study was to document knowledge, attitude and practices of
the herbalists in processing of antimalarial herbal medicines and whether these
conform to the WHO requirements
Results
• While 94% of Tororo herbalists are knowledgeable about malaria, there is not
only loss of indigenous knowledge about some ant malaria medicinal plants
but also 100%lack knowledge about standard processing procedures as
required by the WHO for their preparation.
• This study also has revealed that Tororo herbalists have negative attitude
(suspicion) for labelling their products and majority use unacceptable storage
practices.
• Herbalist practices including plant ID, collection, prep, packaging, labelling
&storage are still below WHO set standard. It is strongly recommended that
the Uganda Ministry of Health Initiates training programs for Tororo
Traditional Healers/herbalists to address issues raised in this study
discussions
Qn: Clarify what it means by entomological infection rate (EIR)? What is the EIR
in other areas of the country?
Resp. EIR refers to how many times a mosquito bites a person
Qn: Which type of patient and which form (children, adults)? The study would
have given WHO requirements which herbalists must conform to
Resp. The target was on practitioners, their Knowledge Attitude Practice
Most patients were adults; parents take children to contemporary medical
practitioners.
WHO requirements include labeling with a scientific name of the plant, dosage,
management and expiry date etc.
Practitioners use mineral water bottles which is unacceptable
Storage away from the floor
Qn: Why don’t they fulfill WHO requirement
Resp: This is because they don’t have patency, standardization and IP
Researcher(s)
Adolescent girls’ perceptions of sexual risk and intentions for sexual debut
after human papillomavirus vaccinations in Uganda
Turiho, A.K. (PhD Student), Katahoire, A.R. , Muhwezi, W.W. , Okello, E.S. ,
Tumwesigye, N. M. (Supervisors)
From 2008 to 2011, 10-15-year old girls were vaccinated annually in Ibanda district
against the HPV. Some people oppose vaccination of young girls against sexually
transmitted infections (STIs) such as the HPV, fearing that it could negatively
influence their sexual behavior. But it also argued that such a vaccine provides an
opportunity for increasing young people’s awareness of the risk of STIs and the
need for prevention.
Objectives of study was to investigate the influence of HPV vaccination on
perception of sexual risk and intentions for sexual debut among adolescent girls
vaccinated in Ibanda district
The results of the study include:
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discussions
Bivariate analysis showed no statistically significant difference on perception
of high sexual risk between the vaccinated girls. In logistic regression analysis,
perception of high sexual risk was only predicted by being an orphan,
irrespective of the individual’s HPV vaccination status
Bivariate analysis showed that more vaccinated girls [208 (56.2%)] compared
to the unvaccinated girls [149 (53.8%)] expressed attitudes and beliefs that
were supportive of postponing sexual debut (P.S.D) but the difference was not
statistically significant (Crude OR: 1.10, CI: 0.80-1.53).
Independent-samples t test showed that the desired mean age of sexual debut
was higher for the vaccinated girls (Mean = 25.92, SD = 8.16) compared the
unvaccinated (Mean = 25.61, SD = 8.16) but the difference was not statistically
significant
HPV vaccination was associated with intentions of not delaying sexual debut
through a pathway in which residing in rural areas and studying in rural areas
were important factors while perception of sexual risk was not important
Studying in day schools and peer norms that supported delayed sexual debut
were important protective factors in the pathway
Qn; What was the eligibility for vaccination, was it the age of the girl or possibility
of not being exposed to sex yet? What was the criteria?
Resp: This vaccination was school based, targeting P4 and P5. The Internationally
recommended age is 9-12 years for first sexual debut.
Qn; Is vaccination free, and why were some girls not presenting themselves for
vaccination?
Resp: Yes vaccine was free, but not all were vaccinated. There was a control
group.
Qn; Why were the vaccinated girl predominantly catholic and what was the
significance of religion to the study?
Resp: This was because Ibanda district is predominantly catholic. Selection of
who to be vaccinated was a programme of Ministry of Health not by the
researchers.
Qn: How did you prepare the girls for vaccination?
Resp: Girls were prepared though sensitization and consent
Delete the issue of religion, since selection was not based on religion
Researcher(s)
Development of a Screening set of tools to identify mothers with potential
adverse
parturition outcomes among Ugandan women
Ian Munabi (PhD Candidate)
There is a need for simple low cost tools to identify mothers at risk of difficult
parturition during the antenatal period more so in relation to the high indices.
Current status:
– Role of Antenatal (simply to get a card no other
communication/planning of delivery)
– Possibility of return to TBA or members of Village health teams
for people in rural settings.
–
–
discussions
Nature of the rural settings with no power and difficult transport
Unique features of our population need for revised protocols
(partogram-Japan)
Results
Principal observations: pelvis height had significant correlations with;
• Sacral anterior angle (r=-0.3681, p value=0.0453),
• Bi-acetabular distance (r=0.3775, p value= 0.0397) A.
• Mid plane posterior S4-S5 distance (r=0.4071,p value=0.0256) E,
• Mid plane M-L Between ischial spines (r=0.4051, p value=0.0264) F,
• Outlet A-P (r=0.3888, p value=0.0337) H,
• Outlet M-L Distance (r=0.3629, p value=0.0487) I,
• Outlet posterior Apex distance (r=0.4817, p value=0.0070) J
• Pubic length (r=0.4854, p value=0.0066) M,
• The study found significant correlations between pelvis height and
various pelvis measurements.
• While a larger pelvis height implies bigger pelvic dimensions it also
denotes a less receptive birth canal for the descending presenting fetal
part. A potential paradox!!
Qn: Did you say human birth must be assisted, clarify? How about rural women
who would give birth unassisted?
Resp: Yes, all safe human birth should be assisted
Qn: If pelvis keep growing up to the age of 30, why is it that older women find it
harder to give birth
Resp: there are other factor that come at play
Qn: What can TBAs use to determine pelvic height externally – to cater for the
many women who don’t go to hospital
Resp: Range of pelvis height is about 4.5 cm to 9cm. This can be determined
outwardly with experience. Research intends to develop tool to externally measure
the height by TBAs
Modulatory effect of Auriculariasp. mushroom aqueous extract on immune
function in cyclophosphamide immunosuppressed mice
Researcher(s)
Al Hassan Kyakulaga (PhD Student)
• Mushrooms are a significant source of compounds with significant
immunomodulatory effects that could be exploited in cancer chemotherapy
• Auricularia species (wood ear) is a wild edible mushroom currently cultivated
in some parts of the world (USA, China, Japan, Korea) for its pharmacological
and nutritional potential
• A review of literature shows antitumor, immunomodulatory and antibacterial
activities among its pharmacological effects (Zhang, 2011)
Results:
• Potentiation of immune response is desired in conditions such as
immunosuppression (Satnan, 2012)
• Many natural products have been found to modulate either humoral or cell
mediated immune response or both. This can be beneficial in treatment of
chemotherapy induced immunosuppression
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
discussions
The Carbon clearance test is a widely used measure of non-specific immune
response as an indirect measure of phagocytosis (Gupta, 2010, Shukla, 2010,
Gaur, 2010).
SRBC haemagglutination assay (HA) is an accurate test for humoral immune
response
The spleen and bone marrow are integral organs of the immune system and
thus their analysis can give credible results on immune status
Both HA and phagocytic index were severely reduced indicating an effect on
both humoral and cellular immunity
Levamisole is the only known allopathic salt used to restore suppressed
immune function. But limited by side effects (Satnan, 2012).
Extracts significantly restored HA and phagocytic index suppressed by CYP in
mice.
Bone marrow cellularity and Splenocyte cellularity were greatly enhanced in
extract treated mice
•
Qn: Explain what you are doing to a lay person?
Resp: People use drugs and cosmetics with steroids which have side effects. The
study tried to address side effects of steroids. The study is about how mushrooms
can reverse side effects for cancer treatment
Qn: Red pepper and junior aspirin have been named as interventions to the
growth of tumours, has research been done about this?
Qn; Are the mushrooms the edible ones?
Resp: Yes the mushrooms are edible
Qn: When will the research move from mice to people?
Resp: Plans are underway to move the study from mice to people
Qn: Is there no risk of toxicity?
Resp: Data was collected to show that there was no risk of toxicity.
Researcher(s)
High genetic diversity of Multi-Drug Resistant Mycobacterium
tuberculosis in Kampala, Uganda
Muyombya George William (Msc Student), Asiimwe Benon, Bwanga Freddie and
Moses Joloba (Supervisors)
Tuberculosis (TB) a chronic infection of humans and other animals is caused by
seven mycobacterial species which form the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
(MTC). Strains of MTC that are resistant to the two first line drugs Rifampicin
(RIF) and Isoniazid (INH); commonly referred to as multidrug resistant
tuberculosis (MDR-TB) are increasing worldwide (Zignol, et al., 2006)
th
Reports show escalating cases in African countries and Uganda is ranked 16 for
MDR-TB incident cases on the international scale (Amor, et al., 2008)
The study set out to establish the diversity and epidemiological linkages of human
MDR-TB strains in Kampala
Results
• Regions of Deletion (RD)PCR analysis differentiated the MDR-TB isolates into
the M. tuberculosis arm and the M. africanum → M. bovis arm; 97.3% (97/98)
were positive for the RD9 region while only 1.3% (1/98) was negative
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
This implies that 97 isolates belonged to the M. tuberculosis arm while one
isolate belonged to the M. africanum → M. bovis arm.
This isolate was also negative on RD4 PCR, indicating it was M. bovis.
Out of the 98 isolates, we detected35 strains distributed among nine subfamily lineages and the rest were non-existent in the database
Among the nine sub-family lineages, Uganda II (29.6%) and Uganda I (7.1%)
of the Uganda family were the most predominant
The CAS–Delhi sub-family lineage of the Central Asian strains family occurred
in 11.2% of the isolates whereas the Latin America (LAM) family lineages were
recorded in 9.1% of the isolates
Two clusters were obtained with MIRU-VNTR analysis; Uganda 1 and CAS–
Delhi sub-families were involved in these clusters and each cluster contained
two strains
The clustering rate was found to be 2%, implying that the proportion of recent
transmission of MDR-TB was due to approx. 2 strains
The clustering rate with MIRU-VNTR was much lower than that obtained
with Spoligotyping (i.e. 2% vs. 72%).
The HGDIwas found to be 0.8167, revealing a high discriminatory power of
MIRU-VNTR genotyping for the MDR isolates in this study.
discussions
Qn: Kampala is big, couldn’t the Researcher categorise the samples according to
division?
Resp: It was not possible to study division by division because this would generate
a small number of isolates
Qn: Why is it that some isolates were not in the data base?
Resp: Some isolates do not exist because the organs keep mutating and there are
so many forms of the isolates
Researcher(s)
Abstract
A Model for monitoring HIV/AIDS Patients on ART in low resource setting
Serugunda Henry Mukalazi, Dr. Rehema Baguma
Many HIV/AIDS support organizations have demonstrated tremendous efforts to
provide HIV infected people with the life prolonging drugs such as ART in
resource constrained settings like Uganda. However many people mostly in the
resource limited settings still lack enough information on how to effectively use
them leading to high death rates of patients. Organizations that offer ART service
to their clients can greatly improve their service delivery if they incorporate the
appropriate healthcare models into their HIV programs. The model that has been
designed uses some components from already existing models some of which
include, a referral system, supportive visits by community health workers, use of
information systems / health systems (applications). The new components include
ICT infrastructure, a mobile service provider and monitoring approaches which
entail a mobile based system for monitoring patients (clients) on ART using
mobile phones or mobile devices. With the new model, health centres will be able
to monitor patients’ ART intake at the right time and with the right diet. Patients
will also be able to attend their clinical appointments and contact their health
centres in case of any opportunistic infections any time using their mobile phones.
The ART service providers will be able to follow up patients and evaluate
treatment outcomes. This approach will, reduce mutations that lead to drug
resistance, reduce costs for both healthcare providers and patients, simplifying
and improving the efficiency of healthcare delivery hence increasing the quality of
life for patients.
To put the model into operation, a system prototype for monitoring HIV/AIDs
patients on ART has been developed.
Findings
• It was noted that most times, HIV/AIDS patients receive reminders only when
they go for treatment at the health centers.
• Mobile phones have not fully been utilized to monitor HIV/AIDs patients on
ART yet
91% of the patients interviewed have mobile phones.
• It was also noted that 95% of the patients interviewed preferred to be monitor
Conclusion
The model that has been designed will make it easier for health centres to monitor
patients on. Using mobile phones to monitor patients on ART enables health
centres to follow up patients and evaluate treatment outcomes, reduce mutations
that lead to drug resistance in patients, reduce costs for both healthcare providers
and patients, simplifying and improving the efficiency of healthcare delivery and
increase the quality of life for patients. It will also improve communication
between HIV/AIDs patients on ART and ART service providers. A patient can
contact the ART service provider 24 hours in case of an opportunistic infection.
They receive reminders in form of Text message on their phones about their
clinical appointments, drug take time, and diet among others.
SESSION 2: VETERINARY MEDICINE AND ANINIMAL RESOURCES
Session Chair: Dr. Maria Nassuna Musoke, on behalf of Prof. David Kabaasa, Ag. Principal,
College of Veterinary medicine, Animal resources and Bio-security
Aspects of the reproductive biology of Nile perch, Latesniloticus,
from Lake Victoria
Researcher(s)
David Kahwa (PhD student), Horst Kaiser, Justus Rutaisire, Bassita Rose,
Carsius Aruho (Supervisors)
Nile perch was introduced into Lakes Victoria, Kyoga & Nabugabo in 1950s
boosting the fisheries resources of those water bodies. It appeared in fisheries in
1970s. Dwindled due to overfishing & probably environmental quality changes.
Nile perch supports livelihood of the three East African riparian states.
Objective of the study were:
• Determine environmental factors that influence reproduction in Nile perch.
• Estimate size at sexual maturity in the species.
• Determine temporal spawning patterns in the Nile perch.
Results:
• Size at sexual maturity has reduced
• Unimodal spawning - in drier part of the year
• Spawning begins in December and ends in March
• Environmental factors have no direct influence on spawning in Nile perch
• Suggesting other factor i.e. timing of larval energy demand & food availability
might play a key role.
discussions
Qn: What is spawning?
Resp: Spawning is a series of events from laying, fertilizing, incubation and caring
for the young etc.
Qn: Why does the spawning take place in dry season?
Resp: To avoid predators
Qn: Your results say that there direct relationship between environment and
spawning, isn’t this a contradiction?
Resp: Sexual maturity is due to less food, leading to stunting-the majority feed on
the young ones, fish have an inherent ability to adjust according to the
environment
Researcher(s)
discussions
Evaluation of Tsetse Salivary Gland Growth Factor-2 and Tsetse Antigen- 5
As Markers of Exposure to Tsetse Bites in Cattle
Wamala Samuel Posian (Msc Student)
During their blood meals, arthropod vectors including tsetse flies inject saliva into
their hosts to enhance their feeding efficiency. The salivary gland secretions
include a number of proteins some of which can elicit the host’s immune response
thereby being useful candidates for investigation as vaccine targets and/or
markers of exposure to bites of these vectors which may aid disease control. This
project evaluated the potential of a 31kDa tsetse salivary gland growth factor- 2
(rTSGF-2) and 15kDa tsetse antigen- 5 (rTag-5) protein fragments as markers of
exposure to tsetse bites in cattle.
This study revealed that rTSGF- 2 was expressed and purified in sufficient
amounts of the expected size (31kDa) and it was recognized by plasma from tsetse
exposed cattle. However, western blotting and ELISA could neither distinguish
between tsetse exposed from non-exposed cattle (P˃ 0.05) nor trypanosome
positive from negative cattle (P˃ 0.05). This would indicate possible cross
reactions with proteins from other vectors such as mosquitoes and ticks to which
the control animals could as well have been exposed. The rTag- 5 was expressed in
very low quantities which hindered its purification. It was also recognized by
plasma from the different groups of cattle as above.
Both rTSGF-2 and rTag-5 are recognized by cattle plasma antibodies but they are
not reliable as markers of exposure specific to tsetse bites and cannot specifically
determine trypanosome infection status in cattle. Similar proteins secreted by
other vectors should be evaluated for recognition by antibodies produced against
rTSGF-2 and rTag-5 to check for possible cross reaction, and future studies should
be based on proteins expressed from gene regions unique to Glossinato limit such
cross reactions.
Qn: Are these genes there in the bovine or not, they could be proteins and the
bovine presents them as antibodies?
Qn: Did you have a control group to control possibility of having other
pathogens?
Qn: What motivated you to do this research, given that the findings are negative?
Resp. Previous studies had suggested looking at individual salivary components.
Getting negative results vis a vis hypothesis is okay in research. The research can
be built on.
Researcher(s)
Serological and molecular detection of bluetongue virus in goats in Eastern
and North Eastern Uganda
Mulabbi Nicholas Elijah (Msc Student)
Bluetongue (BT) is one of the most important diseases of domestic livestock. The
biological vectors of the Bluetongue virus (BTV) are biting midges belonging to
the genus Culicoides. Animal diseases and the associated high animal mortalities
in Karamoja pose a great threat to the development of the small ruminant
industry in the region. preliminary findings indicated the presence of bluetongue
antibodies in small ruminants in the region, the magnitude of the problem
remains unknown
The aim of the study was to detecting BTV RNA circulating in goats in the
Karamoja region of Uganda and establishing the seroprevalence of antibodies
against BTV in goats in the region.
Results
•
•
•
There is overwhelming evidence for exposure of the goats in the region to BTV
The presence of BTV RNA in the blood samples collected confirms the
presence of circulating BTV
BTV infection in goats in the region is basically subclinical or inapparent
discussions
Qn: Is there cross reactivity with other viruses?
Resp: There were both positive and negative elisa
Qn: Which die did you use in this case?
Resp: We used specific elisa of BTV
Socio-economic risk factors associated with foot and mouth disease, and
contagious bovine pleuropneumonia outbreaks in Uganda
Sylvia Baluka Angubua (PhD Student)
Livestock serve many purposes in the livelihoods of rural communities in Africa:
as an important household source of income, food (meat, milk), manure, draft
power, raw materials (hides & skins) & bride price. Livestock provide a safety net
to resource poor farmers & traders along the value chain throughout the
developing world (Upton, 2001; Forman et al., 2009)
Findings
• At the producers` level, uuncontrolled livestock movements were the most
important risk factor associated with FMD outbreaks
• Overall, the prevalence for both diseases i.e. FMD and CBPP was low in
Nakaseke
• Uncontrolled cattle movements was the most important risk factor at the
producers & traders levels associated with FMD & CBPP outbreaks in Ugandas
cattle
• Involving stakeholders; farmers, traders, processors, policy makers &
neighboring countries in East Africa to control livestock movements is
essential if Uganda’s efforts to control FMD and CBPP are to bear fruits
• The study recommends that GOU through MAAIF – DAR should involve all
Researcher(s)
stakeholders -farmers, traders & processors to devise practical measures for
managing livestock movements so as to minimize spread of FMD & CBPP plus
other animal diseases rather than merely controlling livestock movements,
farmers will always find ways to bypass the controls in pursuit of their
livelihoods
discussions
Qn: Can you subject the data to a statistical analysis to guide the conclusion about
factors associated with diseases? There is need to show percentages and figures of
the risk factors
Resp: The Researcher said she had the statistics which were still raw and she
needed time to interpret them.
Qn: Did you ask the farmers about what they feel is associated with the diseases?
Comment: There is need to bring out what people’s perceptions since the study is
partly qualitative.
Carcass Characteristics Of Pure Ankole Cattle and their Boran and
FriesianCrossbreds finished in A Feedlot
Khanifa Kamatara (PhD Student), D.Mpairwe, M.Christensen, D.Mutetikka,
D.Asizua, J.Madsen (Supervisors)
•
Beef sector in Uganda is dominated by indigenous breeds and crossbreds
of Boran and Friesians.
•
Meat yield and carcass quality of these breeds are low both in quality and
quantity
• Crossbreeding Ankole with Borans and Friesians has been geared to
improve performance and carcass yields.
•
However, crossbreeding has not yielded the expected improvement in
yield and quality.
• Low productivity of the animals has been attributed to feeding which
heavily reliant on natural pastures which mature quickly.
• Lack of appropriate finishing strategies developed for pastoral
communities for beef production.
•
Feedlot finishing could improve performance and total meat yield from
these animals.
Results
• Finishing off Ankole bulls greatly improved their carcass quality and lean
yeild upto 70% lean.
• Ankole bulls equally produced good quality meat as their Boran and
Friesian crossbreds.
• Therefore, feeding is the major limiting factor to the production
pontential of Ankole cattle.
Researcher(s)
discussions
Qn: Feeding potential versus genetic potential -Do you think the genetic potential
of Ankole cattle can make them have more muscle?
Resp. It is possible, cross breeding did not give better results; this implies that the
issue is not only the genetics; there are other factors at play, including feeding
pattern. Apart from genes and feeding, farmers should consider other factors to
choose between Ankole and Friesian
Session Chair: Associate Professor Jessica Nakayiwa, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal
Resources, and Bio-security
Assessment of Stress Levels among Captive Gorilla Using Saliva and Urine
Cortisol Elisa
Researcher(s)
NAMIRIMU Solome (Msc) , DR.NIZEYI, DR.D.OWINY (Supervisors)
• Mt gorillas (Gorilla berengei berengei) and Lowland gorillas (Gorilla berengei
graueri) are the world's most endangered ape species.
• Both species have experienced killings of adults and illegal trade.
• Confiscation of infants from illegal holders resulted in gorillas being kept in
captivity at Kinigi in Rwanda, thus changing their natural environment.
• In captivity, gorillas have to cope with changes as a result of the design of
enclosure, changes in food presentation, and changes to their social
structures.
• Cortisol concentrations rise in situation of stress and this parameter is
indicator of an animal’s welfare.
This study examined stress levels by quantifying cortisol in saliva and urine among
captive gorillas at Kinigi.
Findings
• There was a significantly higher (p=0.001) saliva cortisol levels in female than
male in the morning, meanwhile there was no significant difference (p=0.05)
between female and male saliva cortisol levels in the evening samples.
There was also a significantly higher (p=0.036) urine cortisol levels in the male
than female in the morning, while there was no significant difference (p=0.05)
between female and male urine cortisol levels in the evening.
The juveniles and sub adults had no significant difference in cortisol levels among
them, and there was no correlation between the saliva and the urine cortisol
levels.
Saliva and urine cortisol is a non-invasive stress-free, easy-to-measure approach
which combines simple collection and accurate reflection of the activity of the
Hypothalamic-Pituitary- Adrenal Axis (HPA) system.
•
•
•
discussions
Qn: How many sub- samples were taken and how confident and reliable is data
due to small samples?
Resp: Few samples were chosen due to animals’ fear for swabs but also the little
time (30 minutes) saliva stays in the mouth after feeding the reactants.
Qn: What is the actual age of the mature gorilla and how can different ages be
compared?
Resp: 3-6 years- juvenile, 7-8 an adult.
Qn: What were the actual levels of substances and what shows that they are
stressed?
Resp: They were stressed because they were captives and not living in the
conditions they are ought to be raised- wild not captive
Qn. What was the relevancy of the study?
Resp: Captivity of the gorrilas and failure to introduce them back to wild
conditions they deserve to be- There is need to take them back to the wild
community rather than leaving them in captivity- Is it stressful to have them kept
in the captivity.
Researcher(s)
Availability of Native Browse Species as Feed for Indigenous Goats in
Buyende District, Uganda
Nampanzira. K. Dorothy (PhD Student), Tabuti J.R.S , Kabasa
J.D(Supervisors),
Goat meat consumption is growing at 3.2% annually compared to 1.7% other
meats (FAO, 2005). Population growth rate at 3.4% placing a big demand for
more meat production. The national per capita consumption of meat in Uganda is
estimated at 11kg far < 50kg recommended by WHO. The area on which these
browse species exist is decreasing due to conversion of land to crop agriculture
and settlement. Hence, there is a reduction in the quantity of feed for livestock
and a risk of some species getting extinct. There is need to determine the browse
ssp that are available in the study area.
This information will be used to develop feeding technologies using the browse
species that are available in the area.
Results
• The families which had many individuals were; Euphorbiaceae(10),
Mimosaceae(9), Moraceae(8), Anacardiaceae(5), Caesalpinaceae(4),
Papilionaceae(4) and Rutaceae(4).
• Diversity as measured by Shannon’s diversity index was 3.77 – high
• falls between 1.5 and 3.5, rarely does it exceed above 5.0 (MAGURRAN,
2004b)
• The Species richness was measured as 0.79.
• Most of the Browse species are not readily available - coverage
• Recommendation:
• Nutritional evaluation of the selected browse species
• Need to determine the potential for domestication of the selected browse
species
discussions
Qn: How can the findings of this study be utilized by farmers in order to improve
the nutrition of goats? After the research how will make sure they are utilized yet
most grazing land is being transformed into farm land?
Resp: One of the objectives of the study is on domestication of the species to
ensure sustainability
Qn: Did you come out with the bio-availability as a tree? Isn’t it too high for goats
Resp: Farmers have methods they use to feed the goats even when the plants are
tall.
Qn: What indicator did you use for specie richness?
Resp: The study used abundance as an indicator
Qn: Is abundance adequate enough, what about distribution?
Resp: The research focused on specie availability on ground not what the goats
choose to eat
Porcine cysticercosis in selected Districts of Uganda: Prevalence, Pathology
and Spatial relationship with Human Epilepsy
Nsadha Zachary(PhD Student)
Pig farming is a livestock enterprise through which economic uplift of poor
communities can be achieved. It has become very popular in Uganda. The pig has
many merits as an economic enterprise. It is prolific giving about 6-10 viable
piglets per furrowing. It can attain market size in about 6 months of life.
Objectives
Researcher(s)
discussions
Researcher(s)
Abstract
Despite the economic opportunities which these low-input-systems provide, pigs
that are kept under a free range system are at high risk of acquiring a range of
diseases which have unwanted consequences to the pig industry.
The study, therefore sought to investigate and identify; the prevalence of porcine
cysticercosis, the risk factors for the acquisition of cystocercsis in the human and
the pig, the spatial relationship of porcine cysticercosis and human epilepsy, the
diagnostic efficiency of porcine meat inspection for cysticercosis in the national
pig abattoir at wambizi and the cytokine pathology in naturally infected pigs.
The study was carried out in the districts of the L. Kyoga basin; Kamuli,
Results
There is a direct Spatial relationship of porcine cysticercosis, taeniasis and human
epilepsy. In very vicinity of a cysticercotic pig, there have been people with
taeniasis in the last five years and at least in every 300m radius, there was an
epileptic patient. Epilepsy being multi-etiological, there is need to identify the
percentage of epilepsy being caused by
cysticercosis
The lingual prevalence was in the range 4.1-12.9%. It was possible to find lingual
positive pigs almost at every study site. The sero-prevalence was in the range of 2133.9%.
The diagnostic service at wambizi pig abattoir is not efficient enough to deter
cysticercotic pork from entering the human food chain. The visual/palpation
method used at the abattoir was observed to be failing to detect infected pork.
During the period of the study (jan-april 2011) at the abattoir, there was zero
prevalence at meat inspection but the sero-prevalence observed was 42%. This
makes the diagnostic service very inefficient. There is need to employ more
sensitive diagnostic techniques for better deterrence of infected pork from
entering the human food chain
Qn: The practice is that there are no designated markets for pigs, did you find that
a challenge?
Resp: It depends on which area, in the Northern part of Uganda there are pig
markets
Spatio-temporal trend of Anthrax (Bacillus Anthracis) In Uganda
Celsus Sente (PhD student)
This retrospective study aimed to assess the spatial and temporal distribution of
anthrax, to correlate its occurrence with seasonal pattern, and to identify risk
areas in Uganda. The data were extracted from available annual Animal Health
Reports, and National Diagnostics and Epidemiological Laboratory (NADEC)
register books from 1949 to 2012. The data were analysed in relation to spatial and
temporal patterns. The hot dry season was found to be highly associated with
occurrence of anthrax. The western region, in particular, Queen Elizabeth
Protected Area (QEPA) was found to have most occurrences of the disease, over
the last six decades. Anthrax outbreaks demonstrated a gradual temporal increase
from an annual frequency of one outbreak from 1949-1997, to five outbreaks
annually in 2004 and 2005. The outbreak was most frequent in the ten year period
(2001-2012). There was also a spatial increase in the number of districts affected
between 1949 and 2012. The largest number of outbreaks (31.6%) was concentrated
in QEPA that is bordered by five districts, putting livestock that are within the
Protected Area (PA) and surrounding districts at risk. Largest number of
outbreaks occurred in the cold-dry and hot dry months of months of June,
September, and November. Wild animals, particularly Hippopotomus
(Hippopotomusamphibius) were the most affected. There is need to develop an
efficient management, preventive and control strategy for anthrax in high-risk
districts. In the medium- to low-risk districts, maintenance of effective
surveillance systems are needed to establish and early warning system.
Researcher(s)
Abstract
SESSION 3: EDUCATION
Researcher(s)
Prevalence of Bovine Tuberculosis in slaughter cattle along the LyantondeMbarara Highway, Uganda
Nasaka, J.(MsC Student), Masembe, C. and Rwego, B. I 9Supervisors)
Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis,
a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC), which also
comprises the closely related M. tuberculosis, the major causative agent of human
tuberculosis (TB). Bovine tuberculosis is a zoonotic problem in pastoral
communities in Uganda. . The main objective of the study was to determine the
prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in slaughter cattle along this highway and to
determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the various meat handlers
involved in the meat business along this Lyantonde-Mbarara Highway. The study
was carried out between January and December of 2012. Cross sectional surveys
using “closed-ended”, pre-tested structured questionnaires written in English and
interpreted in the local languages used in the study area (Runyakitara and
Luganda) were used. Ninety four suspicious tuberculosis samples were collected
from slaughtered animals and cultured according to Mycobacteria Growth
Indicator Tube (MGIT) procedure manual prepared by the Foundation for
Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND, 2006) for 8 weeks and later differentiated
from the MTC using the Hain Life science Genotype kit . One hundred and twenty
people responded to the survey study and of these men made up the majority of
the gender (87.5%). Generally, most respondents were aware of tuberculosis in
Slaughter meat although they did not know the exact cause of tuberculosis. Eating
of roasted meat was the highest risk factor to acquiring bovine tuberculosis. Of
the 96 samples cultured in the laboratory for bovine TB, 13 samples were positive
for mycobacteria. Seven (7) were positive and belonged to the Mycobacteria
Tuberculosis Complex (MTC) whereas 6 samples were positive for mycobacteria
other than tuberculosis (MOTTs).
There is a high potential for spread of zoonotic diseases like bovine TB from meat
sold on highways to travelers especially that which is barbecued or roasted on
sticks and fresh meat from the roadside meat sellers. Therefore, there is needed
for vigilant meat inspection supported by an improved disease surveillance
(database) system to safe guard the health of travellers and the general public.
Completion Time Dynamics for Master’s and Doctoral Studies
at Makerere University
Robert Wamala (PhD Student)
This study examined the dynamics of completion time of master’s studies and how
such dynamics relate to those of doctoral studies at Makerere University, Uganda.
The assessment was based on administrative data of 605 master’s degree students
at the University in the 2004 and 2005 enrollment cohorts. The total elapsed time
from first enrollment to submission of final dissertation copy was adopted as a
measure of completion time. A time-to-event approach in a Cox model was
applied in the investigations. A median completion time of 3.8 years (range,
discussions
Researcher(s)
discussions
1.8–5.9) suggests a delayed completion of studies. The established associations,
modeled by a range of candidate, candidature, and institutional variables
including discipline area corroborate the results obtained by the analysis of
doctoral completion time at the University. The findings suggest that master’s
completion dynamics mirror those of doctoral studies at the University.
• The study should have included some assumptions such as timely and
effective supervision
• There are structural challenges to do with how supervisors are allocated
to students, issues of student / teacher ratio, staff motivation issues etc.
A Performance Management Model for Universities in Uganda
BERNADETTE NAMBI KARUHANGA (PhD Student)
As far as could be established, no empirical study had been conducted with the
aim of designing a performance management model for systematically managing
institutional performance at public universities in Uganda. The purpose of this
study therefore, was to develop an institutional performance management model
for universities in Uganda. This was achieved by establishing: the extent to which
public universities in Uganda implemented institutional performance
management, the challenges impacting institutional performance management
implementation in universities in Uganda, how public universities could ensure
effective institutional performance management implementation, the various
measures of institutional performance that are applicable to universities in
Uganda and the key components of the institutional performance management
model that could be adopted by universities in Uganda in managing institutional
performance.
A mixed methods approach was adopted, applying both the qualitative and
quantitative methodologies. Phenomenology and cross sectional survey strategies
were adopted. Interviews were conducted with purposively selected top
administrators of a selected public university and the results informed the
development of the survey questionnaire. This instrument was later administered
to academic staff in four public universities in Uganda using a disproportionate
stratified random sampling technique. The analysis of the results accumulated in
the refinement of a model which can be used in public universities in developing
countries. The model incorporates three main dimensions of institutional
performance management (i) Designing the strategy; (ii) Implementing the
strategy; (iii) Evaluating, rewarding and improving performance.
Qn: How is strategic planning developed, should it be bottom up or top down?
Did you find out differences in the institutions?
Resp: Strategic planning is largely top bottom, ideally, Colleges should come up
with unit strategic plans and align them with university strategic plans
Qn: Could you give indicators of strategic leadership of university beyond merely
understanding the mission and vision?
Resp: Strategic leadership should be one of the qualities of university leaders
A leader should show commitment and should be practically involved and
interested in the actual implementation of University visions.
Qn: Who was the target of your study and what plans do you have to make
universities adopt your study?
Resp: The target was public universities and the NCHE.
OUTPUT: The researcher developed a training manual for the Ministry of
Education and Sports
CLOSING REMARKS BY PROF. ELI KATUNGUKA
Prof. Katunguka thanked the participants, presenters and organisers of the conference. From his
assessment, the presentations were of very high academic standard, though a few could be made
better. He urged the research to team up with senior colleagues within their units to better the
quality of the research outputs. He expressed gratitude to the enriching and varying research
work. He went ahead to reiterate that research and publishing were the only ways to grow
academically. Participants were urged to always think about the value of their research and about
the target beneficiaries. He thanked Carnegie for continued support and pledged DGRT’s
commitment to resource mobilization and facilitation. He thereafter closed the conference
officially.
APPENDIX 1: WORKSHOP PROGRAMME
DAY /DATE
DAY ONE
TIME
ACTIVITY
REPSONSIBLE PERSON
8:00- 9:00
Arrival and registration
DRGT SECRETARIAT
900am - 09:15
Welcome remarks
PROF. ELI KATUNGUKA-
am
THURSDAY
9:15am- 9:30am
DIRECTOR DRGT
Official opening of the conference
MARCH 14
PROF. LILLIAN
TIBATEMWA- DVC (A/A)
2013
PRESENTATIONS
SESSION 1: FOOD, NUTRITION AND VALUE ADDITION
CHAIR: PROF. JOHN
MUYONGA
PRESENTER
TITLE
9: 30- 9:40am
HARRIET NAJJEMBA
9: 45am- 9:55
CHUSS
CLEMENT OKIA
Interface Between Western Agricultural
Science and African Indigenous Knowledge
in Food Production: The Ugandan Case
Developing Appropriate Technologies for
Processing and Value Addition to Desert
Date Leaves and Fruits
am
10:00- 10:10am
CAES
JULIA KIGOZI
CAES
Characterisation of the Physico-chemical
properties of selected white sorghum grain
and flours for the production of sorghum ice
cream cones.
10:15- 10: 25am
ANTHONY MWIJE
CAES
STEPHEN LWASA
10:30 – 10:40am
CAES
YAZIDHI BAMUTAZE
10:45- 10:55am
11:00-11:10am
CAES
EDWARD MWAVU
CAES
Analysis of heritability and drought
adaptation traits in selected Ugandan
sweet-potato cultivars.
Hot pepper, French beans and okra
production in Uganda’s banana-coffee
farming system area: Analysis of their
adoption and underlying Implications.
Spatial and temporal analysis of the
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
under climatic stresses and implications to
food security in Northern Uganda
Commercial Sugarcane Growing:
Implications for Household Food Security in
Eastern Uganda
11: 15- 11:45am
HEALTH BREAK
SESSION 2: SOIL, CROP SCIENCE, FOREST SPECIES, AND PRODUCTS
PRESENTER
PATRICK BYAKAGABA
11:45- 11:55am
CAES
12:00- 12:10pm
NAGAWA CHRISTINE
BETTY
CAES
NAMUKOBE JANE
12:15- 12:25pm
CONAS
12:30- 12:40pm
SSEREMBA OWEN
TITLE
Shea Buttertree (Vitellaria paradoxa
Gaertn.) fruit yield in relation to
Dendrometric traits and Land-use in
Uganda.
Chemical Composition of Essential Oils
from Selected Indigenous Tree Species of
Uganda.
Phytochemistry and antiplasmodial activity
of medicinal plants used by the people and
chimpazees in and around Kibale National
Park.
Anatomical Characterisaton and prediction
with age, of Ugandan grown Eucalyptus
CHAIR: PROF. SAMUEL
KYAMANYWA
12: 45-12: 55pm
CAES
PATRICK MUSINGUZI
CAES
1: 00- 1:10 pm
ERNEST MWEBAZE
1:15- 2:15pm
grandis wood.
Assessing potential soil quality indicators
for predicting soil fertility status in a
Tropical Ferralsol
Mobile Crop Surveillance and Diagnosis; A
case of Cassava Mosaic Disease
LUNCH BREAK
SESSION THREE: LANGUAGE, COMMUNICATION AND MEDIA
2:15- 2:25 pm
PRESENTER
SAUDAH NAMYALO /
GODFREY WATENDWA
TITLE
Language choice and communication
factors for improved health and nutritional
practices in Uganda.
CHUSS
2:30-2:40pm
SIMON PETER ONGODIA
Audience-performer interface a feud of
expression: A study of Ateso oral narratives.
CHUSS
2: 45- 2: 55pm
BUKAAYI LILLIAN
Individuals performing a society: Textperformance dynamics in Soga oral tales.
CHUSS
3:00-3:10pm
WILLIAM TAYEEBWA
CHUSS
(Re) framing mass media values: The
Prospects and Challenges of Peace Media in
Uganda.
SESSION FOUR: SOCIO-CULTURAL, POST-WAR AND GENDER
STUDIES
CHAIR: PROF WAMALA
MUSIIMENTA PEACE
3:15-2:25pm
CHUSS
3: 30- 3:40pm
CHRISTINE MPYANGU
CHUSS
4:00 pm
Redefined subordination of a selected group
of educated women’s lived experiences as
they negotiate careers, wifehood and
motherhood in Kampala central Uganda.
The Use of Ritual in the Reintegration of
Female ex-child soldiers in Northern
Uganda.
DEPARTURE
FRIDAY
TIME
DAY TWO
MARCH
15,
8:00- 9:00am
2013
9:00- 9:10am
Arrival and Registration
DRGT SECRETARIAT
Welcome remarks
DIRECTOR / DEPUTY
DIRECTOR DRGT
CHAIR: PROF. CELESTINO
OBUA
SESSION 1. HEALTH, DISEASE DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND
MONITORING
PRESENTER
TITLE
9:10am-9:20am
DAVID KATEETE
9:25- 9: 35am
CHS
WAMPANDE EDDIE
CHS
Functional characterization of rhomboid
homologues in mycobacteria
Population structure and phenotypes of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Peri-urban
Kampala.
9:40-9:50am
AGGREY DHABANGI
9: 55- 10:05am
CHS
ODDA JOHN
CHS
10:10- 10:20am
AL HASSAN KYAKULAGA
CHS
10: 25- 10: 35am
TURIHO ANDREW
10:40- 10:50am
CHS
IAN MUNABI
CHS
10:55- 11:05am
SERUGUNDA HENRY
MUKALAZI
COCIS
11: 10- 11: 40am
HEALTH BREAK
Effect of blood storage age on the resolution
of lactic acidosis in children with severe
malarial anaemia at Mulago hospital.
Local Indigenous knowledge, Attitudes and
Practices in processing antimalarial Herbs:
An Assessment Based on WHO
Requirements
Modulatory effect of Auricularia sp.
mushroom aqueous extract on immune
function in cyclophosphamide
immunosuppressed mice
Adolescent girls’ perception of sexual risk
and intentions for sexual debut after human
papillomavirus vaccination in Uganda
Development of a screening set of tools to
identify mothers with potential adverse
parturition outcomes among Uganda
women
A Model for Monitoring HIV/AIDS Patients
on ART in Low Resource Setting using
mobile telephones.
SESSION 2: VETERINARY MEDICINE AND ANIMAL RESOURCES
PRESENTER
TITLE
CHAIR: PROF. DAVID
KABASA
11:40- 11: 50am
DAVID KAHWA
Aspects of the reproductive biology of Nile
perch, Lates niloticus, from Lake Victoria
11: 55- 12:05pm
SAMUEL WAMALA
Evaluation of Tsetse Salivary Gland Growth
Factor-2 and Tsetse Antigen- 5 As markers
of exposure to Tsetse bites in Cattle
COVAB
12:10- 12: 20pm
NICHOLAS MULABBI
COVAB
12:25- 12:35pm
SYLVIA BALUKA ANGUBUA
12:40-12:50pm
KANIFA KAMATARA
CAES
1: 00-2:20 pm
Serological and molecular detection of
bluetongue virus in goats in Eastern and
North Eastern Uganda.
Socio-economic risk factors associated with
foot and mouth disease, and contagious
bovine pleuropneumonia outbreaks in
Uganda
Carcass characteristics of pure Ankole
Cattle and their Boran and Friesian
crossbreds finished in a Feedlot
LUNCH BREAK
2:20- 2:30pm
SOLOME NAMIRIMU
2:35- 2: 45pm
COVAB
DOROTHY NAMPANZIRA
2: 50- 3:00pm
COVAB
ZACHARY NSADHA
Assessment Of Stress Levels Among Captive
Gorilla Using Saliva And Urine Cortisol Elisa
Availability of native Browse Species as Feed
for indigenous goats in Buyende District,
Uganda.
Porcine Cysticercosis in selected districts of
Uganda: Prevalence, Pathology and
CHAIR: ASSOC PROF. JESCA
NAKAVUMA
COVAB
Relationship with human epilipsey
EDUCATION, AND WATER RESOURCES
3:05: 3: 15pm
JULIUS MATSIKO
COBAMS
3: 20- 3:35pm
NICHOLAS ITAAGA
3:40- 3:50pm
CEES
ROBERT WAMALA
3: 50- 4:00pm
COBAMS
NAMBI BERNADETTE
KARUHANGA
Effect of Tororo Municipal Effluent on the
Water Quality of River Aturukuku, Eastern
Uganda.
Stakeholder intervention and internal
efficiency of the Universal Primary
Education programme in Eastern Uganda
Completion Time dynamics for Master’s and
Doctoral studies at Makerere University
A Performance Management Model for
Universities in Uganda.
COBAMS
PROF.ELI KATUNGUKA
4:05- 4:30pm
CLOSING REMARKS
DIRECTOR DRGT &
PROF. MARIA MUSOKE,
UNIVERSITY LIBRARIAN
4:30 pm
DEPARTURE
APPENDIX 2: LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
DAY ONE - MARCH 14TH 2013
No
Name
1
2
3
4
5
Kalibbala Patrick
Kahwa David
Arojjo Steven
Bukenya John
Ongodia Simon
Peter
Bukaayi Lillian
Bamutaze Yazidhi
Wampande Eddie
Agaba Issa
Nampanzira
Dorothy
Ssemwogerere
Henry
Mwije Anthony
Okia Clement
Ariango Esther
Ndoleriire Oswald
Muyombya William
Nassuna- Maria
Musoke
Wamala Robert
Moses Mukundane
Najjemba Harriet
Sseremba Owen
Oriangi George
Nasinyama George
Nabatanzi Alice
Musinguzi Patrick
Mutungi Boaz
Okello Alex
Akajorait Barbara
Oyang Benard
Atuhaire Leonard
Okello Obura C
Namukobe Jane
Muyonga John
Wamala Samuel P
Mugimba Kizito
Mwavu Edward
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
Se
x
M
M
M
M
M
Unit
Tel.
Email
COVAB
COVAB
CHUSS
CONAS / CEES
CHUSS
0782676797
0782192763
0772429922
0705007413
0701423303
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
F
M
M
M
F
CHUSS
CAES
CHS /COVAB
COCIS
COVAB
0772991856
0772696751
0712944253
0772920337
0772192997
lbukaayi@arts. mak.ac.ug
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
M
COBAMS
0774162329
[email protected]
M
M
F
M
M
F
CAES
CAES
CAES
CHUSS
COVAB
PDD
0772462353
0772391311
0777819786
0772419001
0776869211
0772391831
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
M
M
F
M
M
M
F
M
M
M
F
M
M
M
F
M
M
M
M
COBAMS
DRGT
CHUSS / CEES
CAES
CHUSS
DRGT
CONAS
CEDAT
CHUSS
CONAS
CAES
CHS
COBAMS
EASLIS
CONAS
CAES
COVAB
COVAB
CAES
0772623100
0714387340
0772487020
0793860657
0774712667
0772492865
0782036497
0774068824
0782379727
0753834277
0712536600
0772651618
0772433134
0772590827
0772898346
0772673153
0772378601
0772567940
0772510831
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
Odda John
Rwabu Davies
Sente Celsus
Mango John
Turiho Andrew
Nagawa Christine
Balikoowa Richard
Obua Celestino
Byakagaba Patrick
Munabi Ian
Baluka Sylvia
Mubiru Ronald
M
M
M
M
M
F
M
M
M
M
F
M
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
Nsadha Zachary
Mulabbi Nicholas
Namyalo Saudah
Kigozi Julia
Mushomi John
Lwasa Steven
Arinaitwe Ireen
Tusiime George
Henry
Onyema Christine
Tayeebwa William
Bigirwa George
Magongo Joseph
Namirimu Solome
Kamatara Kanifa
Odoch Terence
Abou Kisige
M
M
F
F
M
M
M
M
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
Mwebaze Ernest
Musiimenta Peace
Mukisa Ambrose
Nasaka Joelia
Kyakulaga Alhassan
Mpyangu Christine
Mbabazi Suzan
Zake Christine
Mirembe Caroline
Katunguka Eli
M
M
M
M
F
F
M
M
M
F
M
F
M
F
F
F
F
M
CHS
CHUSS
COVAB
CONAS
CHS
CAES
CHUSS
CHS
CAES
CHS
COVAB
Bukedde News
paper
COVAB
COVAB
CHUSS
CAES
COBAMS
CAES
COCIS
QAD
CAES
CHUSS
COVAB
CHUSS
COVAB
CAES
COVAB
Newvision
newspaper
COCIS
CHUSS
CONAS
COVAB
COVAB / CHS
CHUSS
DRGT
DRGT
DRGT
DRGT
0718206716
0774176659
0785760802
0772649455
0772485715
0772566362
0782145864
0712210937
0782563709
0772485474
0775043052
0776227321
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
0772410773
0782792750
0754433604
0772609649
0714273157
0701408712
0782732236
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
0782644068
0772541872
0776482892
0782554481
0772470913
0772557146
0711200388
0772360168
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
0782007456
0772121272
0782636436
0713449796
0772585312
0774637405
0772436739
0772472409
0712867598
0773978434
0772754685
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
DAY TWO- MARCH 15th, 2013
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
Name
Okello Alex
Mulabbi Nicholas
Kalibbala Patrick
Ekakoro j. Eddie
Kyakulaga A Hassan
Wamala Samuel Posian
Maria Nassuna Musoke
Bukaayi Lillian
Arojjo O.O. Steven
George Henry Tusiime
Racheal Ninsiima
Masinde Andrew
Namukobe Jane
Namirimu Solome
Godfrey Bigirwa
John Odda
Wilson Muhwezi
Christine Mpyangu
Mukisa Ambrose
Kamatara Kanifa
Baluka Sylivia Agubua
Serugunda Henry
Joelia Nasaka
Edward N. Mwavu
Muyombwa G.W
Atuhaire L. K.
Karuhana B.Nambi
Moses Mukundane
David Kateete
Wampande
David Kahwa
Munabi Ian
Oriangi George
Julia Kigozi
Oyang Benard
Najjemba Harriet
Celestino Obua
Nampanzira Dorothy
Nsadha Zachary
Mugimba Kizito
Nagawa Christine
Sserunjogi Patrick
Agaba Issa
Sex
M
M
M
M
M
M
F
F
M
M
F
M
F
F
M
M
M
F
M
F
F
M
F
M
M
M
F
M
M
M
M
M
M
F
M
F
M
F
M
M
F
M
M
Unit
CONAS
COVAB
COVAB
COVAB
COVAB
COVAB
PDD
CHUSS
CHUSS
QAD
The Observer
New Vision
CONAS
COVAB
COVAB
CHS
CHS
CHUSS
CONAS
CAES
COVAB
COCIS
COVAB
CAES
COVAB
COBAMS
COBAMS
DRGT
CHS
CGS
COVAB
CHS
CHS
CAES
CHS
CHUSS
CHS
COVAB
COVAB
COVAB
CAES
CEDAT
COCIS
Tel.
0753844277
0782792750
0782676797
0774245509
0772033277
0772378601
0772391831
0772991856
0772429922
0782644068
0775290689
0772033277
0772898346
0772557146
0782554481
0718206716
0772430187
0772436739
0713449796
0711200388
0792212765
0782693180
0772585312
0772510831
0776869211
0772433134
0712491659
0714387340
0712872345
0712944233
0782192763
0772485479
0774712667
0772609649
0772651618
0772487020
0712210937
0772192997
0772410773
0772567946
0772566362
0752648178
0772920337
Email
[email protected]
[email protected]
pkalibbala @vetmed.mak.ac.ug
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
lillianbukaayi@yahoo,co,uk
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53
54
55
56
Lwasa Stephen
Robert Wamala
Patrick Byakagaba
Owen Sseremba
Balikoowa Richard
Peace Musiimenta
Nakavuma Jesca
G.W. Nasinyama
Mwije Anthony
Mbabazi Suzan
Zake Christine
Mirembe Caroline
Katunguka Eli
M
M
M
M
M
F
F
M
M
F
F
F
M
CAES
COBAMS
CAES
CAES
Psychology
SWGS
COVAB
DRGT
CAES
DRGT
DRGT
DRGT
DRGT
0701400712
0772623100
0782563709
0792860675
0782145864
0782636436
0772492865
0772492865
0772462353
0772472409
0712867598
0773978434
0772754685
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]
[email protected]

Report on the Dissemination Conference

Transcription

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