Cornelia Gogel, Swiss Federal Office of Energy SFOE, Service Head

Cornelia Gogel, Swiss Federal Office of Energy SFOE, Service Head sectoral plan and Planning Approval Procedure
The Swiss method of weighing up interests cable – overhead lines; RGI Workshop hosted by SWISSGRID, Spreitenbach, 13.02.2013
What decision-making procedure is used in Switzerland?
What aspects are decisive in the decision?
How does the Swiss method of systematic
interest interpretation work?
Cornelia Gogel, Swiss Federal Office of Energy SFOE, Service Head sectoral plan and Planning Approval Procedure
The Swiss method of weighing up interests cable – overhead lines; RGI Workshop hosted by SWISSGRID, Spreitenbach, 13.02.2013
1.  DETEC - SFOE
2.  Sectoral plan process
3.  Interpretation and consideration of interests
4.  Method
Cornelia Gogel, Swiss Federal Office of Energy SFOE, Service Head sectoral plan and Planning Approval Procedure
The Swiss method of weighing up interests cable – overhead lines; RGI Workshop hosted by SWISSGRID, Spreitenbach, 13.02.2013
3
Head of DETEC
Doris Leuthard
General Secretariat
DETEC
Walter Thurnherr
Federal
Office of
Transport
Peter
Füglistaler
Federal
Inspectorate for
Heavy Current
Installations
Federal
Office for
Civil
Aviation
Peter Müller
Federal
Pipelines
Inspectorate
Federal
Office of
Energy
Federal
Roads
Authority
Walter
Steinmann
Rudolf
Dieterle
Federal
Communications
Commission
Federal
Electricity
Commission
Federal
Office for
Communi
-cations
Martin
Dumermuth
Swiss Federal
Nuclear Safety
Inspectorate
Federal
Office for
the
Environment
Bruno
Oberle
Federal
Office for
Spatial
Development
Maria Lezzi
and others
Cornelia Gogel, Swiss Federal Office of Energy SFOE, Service Head sectoral plan and Planning Approval Procedure
The Swiss method of weighing up interests cable – overhead lines; RGI Workshop hosted by SWISSGRID, Spreitenbach, 13.02.2013
4
Cornelia Gogel, Swiss Federal Office of Energy SFOE, Service Head sectoral plan and Planning Approval Procedure
The Swiss method of weighing up interests cable – overhead lines; RGI Workshop hosted by SWISSGRID, Spreitenbach, 13.02.2013
5
1.  DETEC - SFOE
2.  Sectoral plan process
3.  Interpretation and consideration of interests
4.  Method
Cornelia Gogel, Swiss Federal Office of Energy SFOE, Service Head sectoral plan and Planning Approval Procedure
The Swiss method of weighing up interests cable – overhead lines; RGI Workshop hosted by SWISSGRID, Spreitenbach, 13.02.2013
6
•  Art. 13 (1) RPG: The federal government creates the foundations enabling it to fulfil
its regionally significant tasks. It draws up the concepts and sectorial plans required
and coordinates them with one another.
•  Art. 16 (5) EleG: Planning approval for projects with a significant effect on the region
and environment is generally dependent on an sectoral plan according to the federal
law of 22 June 1970 on spatial planning.
 It is the overriding planning instrument for the
extension and new construction of high-voltage
lines in the voltage bands 220 kV and 380 kV
(general electricity supply 50 Hz, power stations)
and 132 kV (rail electricity supply, 16.7 Hz, SBB)
 and simultaneously the preliminary stage
for the planning approval procedure
(actual construction permit)
Cornelia Gogel, Swiss Federal Office of Energy SFOE, Service Head sectoral plan and Planning Approval Procedure
The Swiss method of weighing up interests cable – overhead lines; RGI Workshop hosted by SWISSGRID, Spreitenbach, 13.02.2013
7
Preliminary phase and phase 1
Phase 2
Cornelia Gogel, Swiss Federal Office of Energy SFOE, Service Head sectoral plan and Planning Approval Procedure
The Swiss method of weighing up interests cable – overhead lines; RGI Workshop hosted by SWISSGRID, Spreitenbach, 13.02.2013
8
• 
Determination of the most suitable corridor for planned line construction projects
• 
Uncovering and resolving any conflicts at higher level
• 
Evaluation of need and corridor variants
• 
Decision on cable or overhead line
• 
Coordination and optimisation of
existing Swiss transmission grid
• 
Detailed project planning of
line construction projects are
not part of the sectoral plan
Cornelia Gogel, Swiss Federal Office of Energy SFOE, Service Head sectoral plan and Planning Approval Procedure
The Swiss method of weighing up interests cable – overhead lines; RGI Workshop hosted by SWISSGRID, Spreitenbach, 13.02.2013
9
• 
Size of the working group  up to 30 people and more
• 
Communication among those interested in use and those in protection
 special development and care needed
• 
Political resistance by the region affected
• 
Landscape protection  cabling promoted
• 
Non-ionising radiation  fear of “electrosmog”
• 
Need for the line (which is not in the strategic grid)
• 
Urgency of individual projects
• 
Protected and settlement areas  no “unused” areas
Cornelia Gogel, Swiss Federal Office of Energy SFOE, Service Head sectoral plan and Planning Approval Procedure
The Swiss method of weighing up interests cable – overhead lines; RGI Workshop hosted by SWISSGRID, Spreitenbach, 13.02.2013
10
•  Slide follows by HeM
Cornelia Gogel, Swiss Federal Office of Energy SFOE, Service Head sectoral plan and Planning Approval Procedure
The Swiss method of weighing up interests cable – overhead lines; RGI Workshop hosted by SWISSGRID, Spreitenbach, 13.02.2013
11
1.  DETEC - SFOE
2.  Sectoral plan process
3.  Interpretation and consideration of interests
4.  Method
Cornelia Gogel, Swiss Federal Office of Energy SFOE, Service Head sectoral plan and Planning Approval Procedure
The Swiss method of weighing up interests cable – overhead lines; RGI Workshop hosted by SWISSGRID, Spreitenbach, 13.02.2013
12
•  efficient
Public interest in an adequate,
diversified, secure, economic and
environmentally friendly energy
supply (Art. 89 (1) BV)
•  safe
•  stable
Supply of
energy
•  available
•  adequate
•  Non-ionising
radiation
Technical
requirements
Environmental
protection
•  Landscape
protection
•  Water conservation
•  Forest
•  Noise
•  Soil
….
Land use
planning
Electricity
price
Calculation not only
of investment, but
also of operating
costs!
Economical use
of land
Cornelia Gogel, Swiss Federal Office of Energy SFOE, Service Head sectoral plan and Planning Approval Procedure
The Swiss method of weighing up interests cable – overhead lines; RGI Workshop hosted by SWISSGRID, Spreitenbach, 13.02.2013
13
BV Art. 75 (1)
Appropriate and economical use of land
Land use
planning
  Where is energy produced? Where needed?
  Future developments must be taken into consideration
  The whole point is about using existing routes and/or bundling as many as possible with
pre-existing infrastructure
• 
Areas of settlement are to be spared – but there is no prohibition on using areas of
settlement
• 
Protected areas are not to be further impaired, or the situation is to be improved
• 
Topography/geology, accessibility of an area, line length
Cornelia Gogel, Swiss Federal Office of Energy SFOE, Service Head sectoral plan and Planning Approval Procedure
The Swiss method of weighing up interests cable – overhead lines; RGI Workshop hosted by SWISSGRID, Spreitenbach, 13.02.2013
14
Technical aspects
Availability
Technical requirements
Different requirements
depending on importance of the line
•  No outages
•  Short repair time
Security of supply / operational reliability
•  …
Importance of the disputed line
– in the European grid
– in the national grid
– in the regional grid
Efficiency
Susceptibility to failure / repair duration and -expense
How much (additional)
expense will produce the
desired / demanded /
Cable technology
necessary benefits?
The current state of cable technology is decisive
• 
• 
Operational reliability must be taken into consideration
Swiss evalution scheme transmission lines
RGI_Workshop SWISSGRID, 13 February 2013 Spreitenbach
15
Art. 74 (1) and (2) BV: The federal government issues regulations for
the protection of people and their natural environment against
harmful or troublesome influences.
2 It makes sure that such influences are avoided.
=> Non-ionising radiation, noise, etc.…
Environmental
protection
Landscape protection according to Art. 3 and 6 NHG:
Art. 78 (2) RPG: The federal
government makes allowances in
fulfilling its tasks for the concerns
of nature and heritage protection.
It conserves landscapes,
landmarks, historical sites and
natural and cultural
monuments; it preserves them
undiminished if this is in the public
interest.
• 
Intervention only in the event of predominant general interest
• 
What counts with regard to whether the disadvantages of
cabling have to be accepted is the degree to which a
landscape is worthy of protection:
• 
• 
- 
Comprehensive concentration of interests
- 
Cabling also in the event of medium worthiness of
protection
- 
Cabling obligation in the case of areas that are especially
worthy of protection in individual cases on account of the
NHG
-  Impairment of the landscape must be accepted
Undiminished protection of inventoried areas
Intervention only in the case of equal or greater interests of
national importance
Swiss evalution scheme transmission lines
RGI_Workshop SWISSGRID, 13 February 2013 Spreitenbach
16
Electricity price
Energy price
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
There is a public interest in low
energy prices. This leads to an interest
in keeping the costs (in this connection
the investment and operating costs) as
low as possible.
Allowances must be made for the
following
• economic, technical and operational
aspects
• intentions regarding the future
development of the line
• any compensation measures
• all costs incurred during the service life
of an installation
affordable
inexpensive
low production costs
low maintenance costs
low operating costs
…
Electricity price
Practice:
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
10-fold additional costs are admittedly
disproportional, but this alone cannot be
decisive
Additional costs of a factor of 2 - 5 are
disproportional
Offer of cost participation of third parties is not
relevant
Relationship of the costs of cabling to the
overall costs is not relevant, but rather the cost
relationship of the sections to be compared
with it
Riniken: Additional cost factor of 0.66 to 1.83
Swiss evalution scheme transmission lines
RGI_Workshop SWISSGRID, 13 February 2013 Spreitenbach
17
Technical
requirements
Environmental
protection
Supply
of energy
Electricity
price
Land use
planning
Swiss evalution scheme transmission lines
RGI_Workshop SWISSGRID, 13 February 2013 Spreitenbach
18
1.  DETEC - SFOE
2.  Sectoral plan process
3.  Interpretation and consideration of interests
4.  Method
Cornelia Gogel, Swiss Federal Office of Energy SFOE, Service Head sectoral plan and Planning Approval Procedure
The Swiss method of weighing up interests cable – overhead lines; RGI Workshop hosted by SWISSGRID, Spreitenbach, 13.02.2013
19
Objective
Decision on the technical design of a
high voltage line (cable or overhead line)
Procedure
Evaluation and assessment of advantages and disadvantages of
various corridor variants
Result
Systematic interpretation of interests
Objectivised and understandable justification of the advantages and
disadvantages of each corridor variant
Cornelia Gogel, Swiss Federal Office of Energy SFOE, Service Head sectoral plan and Planning Approval Procedure
The Swiss method of weighing up interests cable – overhead lines; RGI Workshop hosted by SWISSGRID, Spreitenbach, 13.02.2013
20
Design of the scheme
•  Four pillars: spatial development, technical aspects, conservation of the
environment, economic efficiency
•  Each pillar consists of three to four criteria groups
•  Each criteria group consists of two to seven criteria
Evaluation
•  Corridor variants and line dismantling are evaluated
•  According to prescribed rating and weighting
•  Reference value is a prescribed actual or reference value
•  Aggregation of criteria groups, not pillars
(due to different reference values no comparison is possible at the pillar level)
Cornelia Gogel, Swiss Federal Office of Energy SFOE, Service Head sectoral plan and Planning Approval Procedure
The Swiss method of weighing up interests cable – overhead lines; RGI Workshop hosted by SWISSGRID, Spreitenbach, 13.02.2013
21
Take
spatial
development
planning
goals into
account
Protect settlement areas
Conserve
resources
Bundling of electric lines with each other
3
Bundling with other linear infrastructure
2
Use or impairment of land
1
Effects on the settlement area / existing construction zone
2
Effects on living quality
3
Conflicts with local recreation areas
2
Conflicts with landmark protection / heritage protection
2
Conflicts with archaeologically interesting objects and IVS
1
Effects on touristic attractivity
1
Compliance with regional planning
3
Compliance with federal government planning
3
Compliance with communal use plans/development concepts
2
nK
Ldis
nK
Ldis
nK
Ldis
nK
Ldis
nK
Ldis
nK
Ldis
nK
Ldis
nK
Ldis
nK
Ldis
nK
Ldis
nK
Ldis
nK
Ldis
Total per
criteria
groups
Total
Evaluation per
criteria times
Weighting
Evaluation
Criteria
Weighting
Criteria groups
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Cornelia Gogel, Swiss Federal Office of Energy SFOE, Service Head sectoral plan and Planning Approval Procedure
The Swiss method of weighing up interests cable – overhead lines; RGI Workshop hosted by SWISSGRID, Spreitenbach, 13.02.2013
22
Life cycle
Security
Reliability
Grid
operation
Increase in N-1 security
2
local reactive power compensation
1
Safety management of transient processes
1
Active resonance suppression
1
Non-availability
3
Threat from natural hazards and weather
2
Threat by third parties
1
Energy losses
3
Recycling
1
Energy and CO2 -Balance Sheet
2
nK
Ldis
nK
Ldis
nK
Ldis
nK
Ldis
nK
Ldis
nK
Ldis
nK
Ldis
nK
Ldis
nK
Ldis
nK
Ldis
Total per
Criteria groups
Total
Evaluation per
criteria times
Weighting
Evaluation
Criteria
Weighting
Criteria groups
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Cornelia Gogel, Swiss Federal Office of Energy SFOE, Service Head sectoral plan and Planning Approval Procedure
The Swiss method of weighing up interests cable – overhead lines; RGI Workshop hosted by SWISSGRID, Spreitenbach, 13.02.2013
23
ground water / soil /
Polluted sites
habitats
Non-ionising radiation
3
Noise
2
Moorland of particular beauty and national significance
3
BLN
3
General obligation to conserve the landscape (Art. 3 NHG)
2
Forest
2
Moor biotopes of national importance
3
Wetlands of national importance
2
Dry meadows and pastures
2
Aquatic and migratory bird reserves of national importance
2
Habitats according to Art. 18 NHG (regional or local importance)
2
Ground water protection zone S1
1
ground water protection zone S2 and ground water protection site
1
Ground water protection zone S3
1
Water pollution control areaU A
1
Soil protection
2
Polluted Sites Ordinance
1
Flood protection
1
nK
Ldis
nK
Ldis
nL
Ldis
nK
Ldis
nK
Ldis
nK
Ldis
nK
Ldis
nK
Ldis
nK
Ldis
nK
Ldis
nK
Lrück
nK
Ldis
nK
Ldis
nK
Ldis
nK
Ldis
nK
Ldis
nK
Ldis
nK
Ldis
Total per
criteria
groups
Total
Evaluation per
criteria times
Weighting
Weighting
Criteria
Evaluation
LandEmisscape
sion
protection protection
Criteria groups
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Cornelia Gogel, Swiss Federal Office of Energy SFOE, Service Head sectoral plan and Planning Approval Procedure
The Swiss method of weighing up interests cable – overhead lines; RGI Workshop hosted by SWISSGRID, Spreitenbach, 13.02.2013
24
Effective
costs
Criteria groups
Criteria
Investment costs expansion project
[CHF]
Investment costs accompanying measures
[CHF]
Investment costs total
[CHF]
Standardized
costs
Operating costs per year
Efficiency
Unit
Investment costs per circuit kilometre
Operating costs per circuit kilometre and year
Investment costs per power circuit kilometre
Operating costs per power circuit-kilometre and year
Discounted yield for the year
(assumption: simultaneous construction start)
Discounted yield for the year
(assumption: process acceleration possible through suitable measures)
Discounted yield for the year
(assumption: differing dependencies on other expansion projects)
lower
band width
upper
band width
[CHF/a]
[CHF/km]
[CHF/km/a]
[CHF/MWkm]
[CHF/MWkm/a]
[CHF]
[CHF]
[CHF]
Cornelia Gogel, Swiss Federal Office of Energy SFOE, Service Head sectoral plan and Planning Approval Procedure
The Swiss method of weighing up interests cable – overhead lines; RGI Workshop hosted by SWISSGRID, Spreitenbach, 13.02.2013
25
1.  Methodical interpretation of interests (= evaluation scheme)
2.  Systematic evaluation of their consideration by each corridor version (= application)
3.  Substantiated arguments pros & cons for each corridor version (= result)
 Results are always arguments – not figures!
(except in case of the economic pillar)
Possible results:
•  Corridor version A conserves resources better because it has more bundling potential and these
can also be exploited.
•  Corridor version B makes better allowance for the planning of the federal government and
canton, because it …
•  Corridor version A is more disadvantageous for grid operation, because the N1-criterion is met
to a lesser degree.
•  Corridor version B is less reliable, since it is exposed to greater dangers.
•  Corridor version A is more advantageous for forest and other habitats, since these are less
impaired.
•  Corridor version B is better in terms of emissions protection, since no settlement areas in the
corridor are likely to be affected.
Cornelia Gogel, Swiss Federal Office of Energy SFOE, Service Head sectoral plan and Planning Approval Procedure
The Swiss method of weighing up interests cable – overhead lines; RGI Workshop hosted by SWISSGRID, Spreitenbach, 13.02.2013
26
Decision needs to occur early (in the sectoral plan process)
Joint weighing up of interests is necessary, based on
comprehensive clarification of the facts
Four pillars – no adding up of points, but rather
help in the systematic justification of assessing the interests
Cornelia Gogel, Swiss Federal Office of Energy SFOE, Service Head sectoral plan and Planning Approval Procedure
The Swiss method of weighing up interests cable – overhead lines; RGI Workshop hosted by SWISSGRID, Spreitenbach, 13.02.2013