Yael Hanein - Micha E Spira
Transcription
Yael Hanein - Micha E Spira
Carbon nanotube based multi electrode arrays for neuronal interfacing Yael Hanein School of Electrical Engineering http://www.eng.tau.ac.il/~hanein Mark Shein, Asaf Shoval, Nitzan Herzog, Moshe David-Pur, Raya Sorkin, Alon Greenbaum, Tamir Gabay Eshel Ben-Jacob Amir Ayali, Sarit Anava Evelyne Sernagor, Christopher Adams Danny Baranes, Pablo Blinder http://www.eng.tau.ac.il/~hanein Cell-electrode Coupling Electrolyte Neuron Soma Rseal Rspread Re Ce 1 Rn ~ A Csh Rmet Rmet Chd Csh Re Ce Rspread Chd Rseal Cell-substrate Interactions Bio-Chemistry Bio-Physics Wong et al. Surface chemistry 2004 Nano-Topography and Cells Si pillars Craighead, Cornell Carbon nanotubes Mattson et al. J. Mol. Neurosci 2000 Neuronal Circuits on a Chip Mouse retina Cell clusters Single cells A 80 µm 30 µm CNTs and neurons Outline I. Carbon nanotubes (brief) II. Carbon nanotube electrodes III. Nanotube and neurons: Adhesion, patterning IV. Neural circuits on CNT electrodes V. Tension and neurons VI. Process entanglement as anchorage mechanism VII. CNT electrodes for retinal interfacing I. Carbon Nanotubes TEM SEM Carbon nanotubes • Conducting and SC • Extremely strong • Extremely durable • Inert • Simple CVD process Abrams, Lareah and Hanein, Nanotechnology 2007, Abrams and Hanein JPC B 2006, Abrams and Hanein, Carbon 2007 I. CNT Chemical Vapor Deposition • Nano-sized metal catalyst • 900 deg process • C2H4 or CH4 Z. R. Abrams, Y. Hanein et al. Nano Letters, 2007 II. CNT (carbon nanotube) MEA SiO2 TiN Si3N4 Si substrate Ni+CNTs Gabay et al. Nanotechnology, 2007 II. CNT (carbon nanotube) MEA Gabay et al. Nanotechnology, 2007 II. Electrode Capacitance Cyclic voltammetry 2D/3D Specific capacitance CNTs SiO2 TiN Surface Volume CNTs 10 mF·cm−2 10 F·cm−3 CNT conductingpolymer composite 2.5 F·cm−2 TiN 10 mF·cm−2 II. AC Properties Ze=R0 fm Electrode material m CNT -0.1 - -0.4 PT Black -0.6 - -0.8 II. Charge Injection Limit 2 µA pulse for 50 ms Q=I×t=1×10-7 C d = 80 µm A = 5×10-5 cm2 Electrode Material QA CNTs 2×10-3 C/cm2 Pt 5×10-4 C/cm2 AIROF 2×10-3 C/cm2 Activated iridium oxide film III. Network Engineering Gabay et al. Physica A, 2005 Sorkin et al. J. Neural Engineering, 2006 IV. CNT Neuro Chip Neurons (brain cells) Electrodes IV. Spontaneous Activity Shein et al. Bio Med micro devices, 2009 IV. Circuits Neuron and CNTs • Why do (some) cells like rough surfaces? • What is the origin of the process tautness? • Why do cells cluster? • Are all the above questions related? V. Role of Tension • CNT islands function as anchor sites (Do CNT islands mimic cells) • Tension tightens processes • Tension introduces a selection rule Anava et al, Biophysical Journal 2009 VI. Cell-CNT Interaction Gabay et al. Physica A, 2005 Sorkin et al. J. Neural Engineering, 2006 VI. Entanglement Neurons Glia HRSEM Fluorescence confocal Sorkin et al., Nanotechnology 2009 VI. Twining (c ) (a ) 10µm (b ) (d ) Binding Mechanism Tendrils and processes VII. Recording from Retina • Mouse retinal whole mount • Cone rod homebox knockout mouse • RGC in direct contact with CNT electrodes Target: 625 electrodes, center-center spacing = 20 µm Evelyne Sernagor and Christopher Adams, UNC VI. Retina on CNTs A B * 100 µm * 100 µm Recordings S/N=75 30 µm CNT vs TiN A 10 µV TiN 5 ms TiN 100 µV 20 ms B 10 µV CNT 5 ms CNT 100 µV 20 ms CNT vs TiN A 120 Detected spikes TiN MEA Electrode 42 TiN MEA Electrode 32 400 100 300 80 60 200 40 100 20 0 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 250 300 Amplitude (µV) B Detected spikes 140 140 CNT MEA MVP19b Electrode 35 120 CNT MEA MVP19b Electrode 47 120 100 100 80 80 60 60 40 40 20 20 0 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 0 50 Amplitude (µV) 100 150 200 CNT vs TiN B 10 TiN MEA Number of electrodes Number of electrodes A 8 6 4 2 0 -2 -1 0 1 2 6 CNT MEA 5 4 3 2 1 0 -2 -1 Amplitude growth rate (%/min) 0 1 2 Spike Amplitude A CNT MEA MVP13 - Electrode 75 Max -100 µV * * -200 µV * Mounting B + 22 min + 28 min + 30 min + 47 min 0 Normalized probability CNT MEA MVP13 - Electrode 83 Max -100 µV -200 µV Mounting + 22 min + 28 min + 30 min + 47 min 0 Normalized probability Summary CNTs as a new bio-material Strong cell-CNT binding High quality recordings Effective stimulation Raya Sorkin Moshe David-Pur Alon Greenbaum Mark Shein Asaf Shoval Stimulation Charge injection limit: 30 µm 80 µm 80 µm electrodes, 480 µA 80 µm A * 10 ms B * 100 ms T=60, 80, 100 µs Specific Charge injection limit = 2×10-3 C/cm2 (un-modified) 80 mm electrodes: Charge injection limit = 100 nC 8-channel STG, by MC systems III. Network Engineering (PDL) Cells, axons and dendrites red – axons, green –dendrites, blue – cell body Sorkin et al. J. Neural Engineering, 2006