Northern Europe and Spain, 1500 to 1600

Northern Europe and Spain, 1500 to 1600

Northern Europe and Spain,
1500 to 1600
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Europe in the 16th Century
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Goals
• Understand the consequences of the Protestant Reformation and
the Catholic Counter-Reformation
• Understand the diversity of cultures and artistic styles in Spain
and Northern Europe
• Identify artists from the 16th century Spain and Northern Europe
• Recognize and cite artistic terminology from this period
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23.1 Art in the Holy Roman Empire during
the 16th Century
• Understand German culture and artistic styles
• Identify representative German artists from the 16th century
• Recognize and cite artistic terminology from this period
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Figure 23-2a MATTHIAS GRÜNEWALD, Isenheim Altarpiece (closed, top; open, bottom), from the chapel of the Hospital of
Saint Anthony, Isenheim, Germany, ca.1510–1515. Oil on wood, 9' 9 1/2” x 10’ 9”, (center panel), 8’ 2 1/2” x 3’ 1/2” (each wing),
2’ 5 1/2” x 11’ 2” (predella). Shrine carved by Nikolaus Hagenauer in 1490. Painted and gilt limewood, 9’ 9 1/2” x 10’ 9”. Musée
d’Unterlinden, Colmar.
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Figure 23-2a MATTHIAS GRÜNEWALD, Isenheim Altarpiece (closed, top; open, bottom), from the chapel of the Hospital of
Saint Anthony, Isenheim, Germany, ca.1510–1515. Oil on wood, 9' 9 1/2” x 10’ 9”, (center panel), 8’ 2 1/2” x 3’ 1/2” (each wing),
2’ 5 1/2” x 11’ 2” (predella). Shrine carved by Nikolaus Hagenauer in 1490. Painted and gilt limewood, 9’ 9 1/2” x 10’ 9”. Musée
d’Unterlinden, Colmar.
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Figure 23-2a MATTHIAS GRÜNEWALD, Isenheim Altarpiece (closed, top; open, bottom), from the chapel of the Hospital
of Saint Anthony, Isenheim, Germany, ca.1510–1515. Oil on wood, 9' 9 1/2” x 10’ 9”, (center panel), 8’ 2 1/2” x 3’ 1/2”
(each wing), 2’ 5 1/2” x 11’ 2” (predella). Shrine carved by Nikolaus Hagenauer in 1490. Painted and gilt limewood, 9’ 9
1/2” x 10’ 9”. Musée d’Unterlinden, Colmar.
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Figure 23-8 ALBRECHT ALTDORFER, The
Battle of Issus, 1529. Oil on wood, 5’ 2 1/4” x 3’
11 1/4”. Alte Pinakothek, Munich.
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Albrecht Aldorfer:
“The Battle of Issus”
We’ve seen it before:
Figure 23-3 HANS BALDUNG GRIEN, Witches’
Sabbath, 1510. Chiaroscuro woodcut, 1’ 2 7/8” X 10
¼”. British Museum, London.
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23.2 Protestant Reformation
• Understand the consequences of the Protestant Reformation
and the Catholic Counter-Reformation
• Observe how Protestantism affected the role and imagery of
art
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Figure 23-7 LUCAS CRANACH THE ELDER, Allegory of Law and Grace, ca. 1530. Woodcut, 10 5/8” x 1’ 3/4”. British
Museum, London.
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Albrecht Durer: “Leonardo of the
North”
• Travelled widely through Europe and became an international
celebrity
• Took trips to Italy to study Renaissance art
• First artist to synthesize Northern European stylistic features
(intricate detail, realistic rendering of objects, symbols hidden as
everyday objects) and blend them with Italian features (classical
body types, linear perspective) --- admired the work of Leonardo
• First artist to keep a thorough record of his life (self-portraits,
treatises on his thoughts, and a diary)
• Important graphic artist --- best known for his engravings
• Influenced significantly by Martin Luther and Protestant
Reformation
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Albrecht Durer
Durer at 22
Durer at 26
Durer at 28
Figure 23-4 ALBRECHT DÜRER, Great
Piece of Turf, 1503. Watercolor, 1’ 3/4” x 1’
3/8”. Albertina, Vienna.
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Figure 23-1 ALBRECHT DÜRER, The Fall
of Man (Adam and Eve), 1504. Engraving, 9
7/8” x 7 5/8”. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
(centennial gift of Landon T. Clay).
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Figure 23-5 ALBRECHT DÜRER, Knight,
Death, and the Devil, 1513. Engraving, 9 5/8” x
7 3/8”. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New
York.
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Durer: The Four Horsemen of
the Apocalypse
Figure 23-6 ALBRECHT DÜRER, Four
Apostles, 1526. Oil on wood, each panel 7’ 1” x
2’ 6”. Alte Pinakothek, Munich.
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Figure 23-9 HANS HOLBEIN THE YOUNGER, The French Ambassadors, 1533. Oil and tempera on wood, approx. 6’ 8”
x 6’ 9 1/2”. National Gallery, London.
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Hans Holbein, Henry VIII
23.3 Art in France during the 16th Century
• Understand the French culture and artistic styles
• Identify representative French artists from the 16th century
• Recognize and cite artistic terminology from this period
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Figure 23-10 JEAN CLOUET, Francis I, ca.
1525–1530. Tempera and oil on wood, approx. 3’
2” x 2’ 5”. Louvre, Paris.
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Figure 23-11 Château de Chambord, Chambord, France, begun 1519.
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Figure 23-12 PIERRE LESCOT, west wing of the Cour Carre (Square Court) of the Louvre, Paris, France, begun 1546.
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23.4 Art in the Netherlands during the 16th
Century
• Understand Dutch culture and artistic styles
• Identify representative Dutch artists from the 16th century
• Recognize and cite artistic terminology from this period
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Figure 23-13 HIERONYMUS BOSCH, Garden of Earthly Delights, 1505-1510. Oil on wood, center panel 7’ 2
5/8” X 6’ 4 ¾”, each wing 7’ 2 5/8” X 3’ 2 ¼”. Museo del Prado, Madrid.
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The
Garden of
Earthly
Delights
(closed)
Paradise detail
Garden of Earthly
Delights detail
Hell detail
th
20
Century Surrealists
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SALVADOR DALI, The Persistence of Memory, 20th Century
SALVADOR DALI, The Metamorphosis of Narcissus
RENEE MAGRITTE, Son of
Man, French, 20th Century
RENEE MAGRITTE, The Treachery of Images
JOAN MIRO, Carnival of Harlequin
th
16
Back to
Century
Netherlands
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Figure 23-14 JAN GOSSAERT Neptune and Amphitrite,
ca. 1516. Oil on wood, 6’ 2” x 4’ 3/4”. Gemäldegalerie,
Staatliche Museen, Berlin.
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Figure 23-15 QUINTEN MASSYS, Money-Changer and His Wife, 1514. Oil on wood, 2’ 3 3/4” x 2’ 2 3/8”. Louvre, Paris.
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Figure 23-16 PIETER AERTSEN, Butcher’s Stall, 1551. Oil on wood, 4’ 3/8” x 6’ 5 3/4”. Uppsala University Art
Collection, Uppsala.
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Figure 23-17 CATERINA VAN
HEMESSEN, Self-Portrait, 1548. Oil on
panel, 1’ 3/4” x 9 7/8”. Kunstmuseum,
Öffentliche Kunstsammlung Basel.
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Figure 23-18 Attibuted to LEVINA
TEERLINC. Elizabeth I as a Princess, ca. 1559.
Oil on wood, 3’ 6 3/4” x 2’ 8 1/4”. The Royal
Collection, Windsor Castle, Windsor, England.
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Figure 23-19 JOACHIM PATINIR, Landscape with Saint Jerome, ca. 1520–1524. Oil on wood, 2’ 5 1/8” x 2’ 11 7/8”.
Museo del Prado, Madrid.
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Figure 23-20 PIETER BRUEGEL THE ELDER, Netherlandish Proverbs, 1559. Oil on wood, 3’ 10” x 5’ 4 1/8”.
Gemäldegalerie, Staatliche Museen, Berlin.
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Figure 23-21 PIETER BRUEGEL THE ELDER, Hunters in the Snow, 1565. Oil on wood, approx. 3’ 10 1/8” x 5’ 3 3/4”.
Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna.
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Pieter Bruegel the Elder, The Harvesters, oil on wood, 1565
23.5 Art in Spain during the 16th Century
• Understand Spanish culture and artistic styles
• Identify representative Spanish artists from the 16th century
• Recognize and cite artistic terminology from this period
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Figure 23-22 Portal, Colegio de San Gregorio,
Valladolid, Spain, ca. 1498.
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Figure 23-23 Portal, Casa de Montejo, Merida,
Mexico, 1549.
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Figure 23-24 Juan de Herrera and Juan Bautista de Toledo, El Escorial, near Madrid, Spain, ca. 1563–1584 (detail of an
anonymous 18th-century painting).
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Figure 23-25 EL GRECO, The Burial of
Count Orgaz, 1586. Oil on canvas, 16’ x 12’.
Santo Tomé, Toledo.
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The Burial of
Count Orgaz:
detail (self
portrait)
Virgin Mary
detail
King Philip II & Saints (detail)
Priest Andrés Núñez Detail
El Greco’s Son
“Laocoon” – by El Greco
Can you guess what this is called?
El Greco:
“The
Resurrection
of Christ”
El Greco:
View of
Toledo
Discussion Questions
 How does art influence or reflect religion? How does
Protestant art differ from Catholic art during the
Reformation and Counter Reformation?
 Does religion influence art today? If so, how? How
prevalent is religious art today? Why?
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