SM12Field Filters Richter.pptx

Steve Richter
SJRWMD
Field
Lab
Procurement
Ellen Bailey
Kevin Coates
Elizabeth Mattke
Kelly Crew
Chuck Faulk
Roxanne Conrow
Rob McCoy
Elizabeth Daneman
Melissa Pressley
Paul Ek
Lin Sailers
Rolly Fulton
Lisa Smith
Rebecca Husk
David Welch
Lauren Peacock
Carl Wince
Jim Peterson
Randy Roth
Ken Snyder
Brian Sparks
 
 
 
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For many years, the District has used Supor-450
flat disc filters (0.45 um pore size)
Turbid sites require multiple filters (> 3) to
obtain sufficient sample volume
To save time, 0.45 um pore size, high capacity
capsule filters were used starting February 2007
Some capsule filters had “breakthrough”
problems, i.e. raw sample collected in the filtrate,
or contamination issues (TKN-D)
To standardize on one capsule filter
manufacturer that does not have breakthrough
issues, the District undertook an extensive study
Manufacturer Membrane Geotech White acrylic copolymer coa/ng over a non‐woven Substrate Surface Area cm2 Part Number 700 Supplier 2010 Cost, Each* 73050004 Geotech Environmental $13.50 $10.99 Hydroline Polyethersulfone (PES) 800 Hydro‐8000HF Groundwater Essen/als Millipore Polyethersulfone (PES) 600 GWSC04550 Fisher Scien/fic $12.50 $11.00 $12.55 QED Polyethersulfone (PES) 609 FF8200T QED Environmental Whatman Polyethersulfone (PES) 600 6724‐6004 Fisher Scien/fic 47 mm = 14 60173 for 47 mm Supor‐450, cm2 or 142 and 60177 for 142 single flat disc Polyethersulfone (PES) mm = 110 cm2 mm VWR Scien/fic * To obtain this price, quan/ty minimums are generally required. $1.33 for 47 mm and $6.22 for 142 mm  
Polyethersulfone (PES)
 
Acrylic, e.g. Poly(methyl methacrylate)
Analyte
Geotech
Hydroline
Millipore
QED
Whatman
Alkalinity (MDL=5)
Conductivity (MDL=50)
NH4-D (MDL=0.01)
3
3
3
1
NOx-D (MDL=0.01)
PO4-D (MDL=0.012)
2
1
2
2
1
3
1
Cl (MDL=3)
SO4 (MDL=3)
SiO2-D (MDL=0.2)
DOC (MDL=1)
2
2
Turbidity (MDL=0.5)
4 filters tested for each manufacturer with no pre-rinsing with DI water
Analyte
Geotech
Ag-D (MDL=0.5)
Al-D (MDL=10)
As-D (MDL=3)
Ba-D (MDL=1)
Ca-D (MDL=0.5)
Cd-D (MDL=0.5)
Cr-D (MDL=1)
Cu-D (MDL=1)
Fe-D (MDL=10)
K-D (MDL=1)
Mg-D (MDL=0.5)
Mn-D (MDL=0.5)
Mo-D (MDL=1)
1
Hydroline
Millipore
QED
Whatman
Analyte
Geotech
Hydroline
Millipore
QED
Whatman
Na-D (MDL=1)
Ni-D (MDL=1)
1
Pb-D (MDL=2)
Se-D (MDL=5)
Zn-D (MDL=5)
Be-D (MDL=0.1)
Sb-D (MDL=3)
Sn-D (MDL=3)
Sr-D (MDL=10)
Tl-D (MDL=3)
V-D (MDL=1)
1
Rinsing Test-Determine how much prerinsing with DI water is required to reduce
contaminants (NH4-D and TKN-D) to below
detection levels (< MDL) in field blanks
  Breakthrough Test-Determine if
breakthrough occurs when the filters are
becoming blinded (plugged)
 
A total of10 filters from each manufacturer
tested for NH4-D and TKN-D
  A series of 8 oz. samples collected from each
of 5 filters after filtering 0, 250, 750, 1250,
and 2000 mL of DI water
  A series of 8 oz. samples collected from each
of 5 filters after filtering 0, 500, 1000, 1500,
and 2000 mL of DI water
 
Geotech NH4-D Values vs Filter Rinse Volume
0.08
0.07
NH4-D, mg/L
0.06
0.05
Q3
Q2
0.04
""
0.03
MDL
PQL
0.02
0.01
0
0
250
500
750
1000
Rinse Volume, mL
1250
1500
2000
Hydroline NH4-D Values vs Filter Rinse Volume
0.08
0.07
NH4-D, mg/L
0.06
0.05
Q3
Q2
0.04
""
0.03
MDL
PQL
0.02
0.01
0
0
250
500
750
1000
Rinse Volume, mL
1250
1500
2000
Millipore NH4-D Values vs Filter Rinse Volume
0.08
0.07
NH4-D, mg/L
0.06
0.05
Q3
Q2
0.04
""
0.03
MDL
PQL
0.02
0.01
0
0
250
500
750
1000
Rinse Volume, mL
1250
1500
2000
QED NH4-D Values vs Filter Rinse Volume
0.08
0.07
0.06
NH4-D, mg/L
0.05
Q3
0.04
Q2
""
0.03
MDL
PQL
0.02
0.01
2E-17
0
-0.01
250
500
750
1000
Rinse Volume, mL
1250
1500
2000
Whatman NH4-D Values vs Filter Rinse Volume
0.08
0.07
0.06
NH4-D, mg/L
0.05
Q3
0.04
Q2
""
0.03
MDL
PQL
0.02
0.01
2E-17
0
-0.01
250
500
750
1000
Rinse Volume, mL
1250
1500
2000
Geotech TKN-D Values vs Filter Rinse Volume
0.8
0.7
TKN-D, mg/L
0.6
0.5
Q3
Q2
0.4
""
0.3
MDL
PQL
0.2
0.1
0
0
250
500
750
1000
Rinse Volume, mL
1250
1500
2000
Hydroline TKN-D Values vs Filter Rinse Volume
0.8
0.7
TKN-D, mg/L
0.6
0.5
Q3
Q2
0.4
""
0.3
MDL
PQL
0.2
0.1
0
0
250
500
750
1000
Rinse Volume, mL
1250
1500
2000
Millipore TKN-D Values vs Filter Rinse Volume
0.8
0.7
TKN-D, mg/L
0.6
0.5
Q3
Q2
0.4
""
0.3
MDL
PQL
0.2
0.1
0
0
250
500
750
1000
Rinse Volume, mL
1250
1500
2000
QED TKN-D Values vs Filter Rinse Volume
0.8
0.7
TKN-D, mg/L
0.6
0.5
Q3
Q2
0.4
""
0.3
MDL
PQL
0.2
0.1
0
0
250
500
750
1000
Rinse Volume, mL
1250
1500
2000
Whatman TKN-D Values vs Filter Rinse Volume
0.8
0.7
TKN-D, mg/L
0.6
0.5
Q3
Q2
0.4
""
0.3
MDL
PQL
0.2
0.1
0
0
250
500
750
1000
Rinse Volume, mL
1250
1500
2000
< MDL aLer 0 mL? < MDL aLer 1000 mL? < MDL aLer 2000 mL? NH4‐D TKN‐D NH4‐D TKN‐D NH4‐D TKN‐D Geotech No No No No No Yes Hydroline No No No No No No Millipore No No No Yes No Yes QED No No No Yes No No Whatman No No No No No No Manufacturer A total of 6 filters from each manufacturer
tested on 11-18-2010 in the field
  An 8 oz. sample collected from each after
filtering at least 1500 mL of lake water (the
target quantity), except for the QED filters,
where as little as 800 mL was filtered in 2
cases
 
Analyte
Value
Units
Chl-a
229
mg/m3
Cr-T
0.3
ug/L
Fe-T
1440
ug/L
SiO2-D
4.2
mg/L
NH4-D
0.046
mg/L
TKN-T
6.7
mg/L
TOC
46.5
mg/L
Turbidity
34
ntu
TDS
140
mg/L
TSS
120
mg/L
Manufacturer Visible Material on Filter? Comments Geotech Yes, 4 of 6 green Chl‐a 2‐26 mg/m3 Hydroline No, but 2 very slow and 1 slow of 6 Hits for TP/TKN and Cr, Fe, and Si Millipore Yes, 6 of 6 green Chl‐a ~96 mg/m3 QED Yes, 1 of 6 green Chl‐a ~20 mg/m3 Whatman No and all fast All filtered in ~ 1 minute Out of 5 high capacity capsule filter
manufacturers tested, only Whatman Polycap
GW filters had no breakthrough
  But the Whatman filters need a large amount
of pre-rinsing with DI water (5 L or 3 L after a
1 h soak) to remove NH4-D, TKN-D, and DOC
  At the end of all the testing, Whatman
provided a new, lower capacity capsule filter
to test, the Polydisc GW
 
Analyte
Whatman Polydisc GW*
NH4-D (MDL=0.02)
NOx-D (MDL=0.01)
PO4-D (MDL=0.012)
SiO2-D (MDL=0.2)
DOC (MDL=1)
TKN-D (MDL=0.05)
TP-D (MDL=0.01)
* 8 filters tested, 2 each at 300, 500, 1000, and 1500 mL pre-rinsing
with DI water
Manufacturer Membrane Whatman Polyethersulfone (PES) Surface Area cm2 Part Number 600 6724‐6004 Supplier Fisher Scien/fic 47 mm = 14 60173 for 47 mm Supor‐450, cm2 or 142 and 60177 for 142 single flat disc Polyethersulfone (PES) mm = 110 cm2 mm VWR Scien/fic Whatman Nylon (polyamide) with quartz fiber prefilter 20 10‐463‐400 * To obtain this price, quan/ty minimums are generally required. Fisher Scien/fic 2010 Cost, Each* $12.55 $1.33 for 47 mm and $6.22 for 142 mm $9.50