Biostratigraphy and Depositional Environments of Calcareous

Transcription

Biostratigraphy and Depositional Environments of Calcareous Microfossils in the
Lower Monterey Formation (Lower to Middle Miocene), Graves Creek Area,
Central California
Kenneth L. Finger; Jere H. Lipps; John C. B. Weaver; Peter L. Miller
Micropaleontology, Vol. 36, No. 1. (1990), pp. 1-55.
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Biostratigraphy and depositional environments of calcareous
microfossils in the lower Monterey Formation (lower to
middle Miocene), Graves Creek area, central California
Kenneth L. ~ i n ~ e rJere
, ' H. ~ i p p s ?John C. B. weaver; and Peter L. ~ i l l e r ~
1
Chet,r-onOil Field Research Company, P.O. Box 446, La Habr-a, Calijor-nia 90633-0446 ' ~ u s e u mof Paleontology, University of Calijornia, Berkeley, Calijor-nia 94721 3
Department of Geology, UniversiQ of Calijornia, Davis, Cal$ornia 95616 k h e v r o n U.S.A.,Inc., P.O. B0.u 5024, San Ramon, Caljfornia 94583-0942 ABSTRACT: In 1905, Rufus M. Bagg, Jr.. described an assemblage of foraminifers from an outcrop sample of the
Sandholdt Member of the Monterey Formation collected along Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo County, California. T h e
Graves Creek section has since been referred to often in the regional literature, and has become an important reference
section for the Miocene of California and the Salinas Basin in particular. However, microfossils from the Graves Creek
section have never been documented in detail. We recovered 187 species/subspecies of Foraminifera, 11 species of
Ostracoda, and 24 species of calcareous nannoplankton from 19 samples. Nearly half of the foraminiferal species are new
and 31 of them and K l ~ i n p e l l a n, . gen., are described herein. Many of the previously described species require significant
extensions of their published biostratigraphic ranges. T h e benthic foraminiferal succession is representative of the
provincial Saucesian to Luisian stages. Planktic foraminifera represent lower Miocene zones N6 to N8. and the calcareous
nannofossils indicate zones C N 2 to C N 4 . Strontium isotope ratios reveal that the sampled section dates from 17.85k0.10
M a to 1 6 . 1 f O . l Ma, which implies that the Luisian assemblages are coeval with the upper part of the Relizian stratotype.
Paleobathymetrically mixed faunal associations and sedimentary patterns indicate that the strata were deposited a s
turbidites at water depths between 1500 and 2000 meters. Species indicative of low-oxygen conditions are present in most
of the assemblages. indicating that an oxygen-mimimum zone persisted in the Salinas Basin during the early and middle
Miocene.
INTRODUCTION
The Monterey Formation is one of the most extensive and
economically important stratigraphic units in California. Microfossils are common throughout most of the formation, and
thus have played a vital role in its correlation and interpretation (e.g., Kleinpell 1938; Bramlette 1946). Knowledge of its
foraminiferal fauna is rather incomplete, however, as many
of its species have never been described nor illustrated in the
literature.
Exposures of the Sandholdt Member of the Monterey Formation in Graves Creek, Atascadero, San Luis Obispo County,
California, have been considered a "classic" collecting site
and an important biostratigraphic reference section for the
regional Miocene because of their abundant and well-preserved foraminifers (Kleinpell 1938, 1980). In reference to
these foraminifers, Kleinpell (1980, p. 24) stated:
"Perhaps as rich, diverse, and typical a Relizian foraminiferal
faunule, in its uppermost zonal and climax community phase,
as can be found anywhere in the West Coast range, is that
collected by Branner, studied by Bagg, and misinterpreted by
Cushman as to stratigraphic position."
Yet, upon examining the section, we discovered many undescribed species and a faunal succession that is difficult to
correlate with t h e standard foraminiferal zonation of
Kleinpell (1938). The purpose of our study is to provide a
detailed documentation and interpretation of the Graves
Creek microfossil sequence. We anticipate that the results of
this investigation will be of value in other studies of the
paleontology, biostratigraphy, and paleoecology of the Monterey Formation and correlative Miocene units elsewhere
along the Pacific Coast of North America.
Location and Geology
Graves Creek (T28S, R12E, Atascadero 7.5 minute quadrangle) is located in the Santa Lucia Range west of Interstate
Highway 101 between Paso Robles and San Luis Obispo,
approximately one mile west of central Atascadero, San Luis
Obispo County, west-central California (text-figs. 1 and 2).
Access to the section exposed in Graves Creek is from the
Frank residence at 3202 Monterey Road, where there is a sign
for their Hidden Springs Tree Farm.
The Graves Creek section lies on the southwest flank of the
Santa Margarita Syncline, whose axis approximates U.S.
Highway 101 (Bagg 1905; Hart 1976) with the beds in the
creek striking N19-42"W and dipping 20-39"N. Rocks exposed in the area are the Vaqueros Formation and the
Sandholdt Member and overlying Hames Member of the
Monterey Formation (Mertz 1984). At the base of the
Sandholdt exposed along nearby Santa Lucia Avenue are
glauco-phosphatic sandstones that, according to Mertz
(19841, might represent an unconformity between the Vaque-
K . L. F ~ n g e ret al.: Calcareous nzicrofossils in the lower Monterey Formation, California
\:
Indan C r e e k
\
Cushman and Kleinpell (1934) documented five species of
benthic foraminifera: Robulus branneri n. sp., Bz~liminella
henryana n. sp., Nonion pizarrensis W. Berry, Uvigerinella
cal~fornicavar. gracilis n. var., and Cancris baggi, n. sp.. In
his monumental synthesis of California Miocene biostratigraphy, Kleinpell(1938) revised the taxonomy of the composite
assemblage recovered from Branner's locality. In his final
epitome. Kleinpell (1980, p. 24) commented:
"The true nature of this sample was mentioned by Kleinpell
(1938, p. 21-22; 1972, p. 89-90), and a check list of the
species can be compiled by any interested reader through
pursuing the references noted in the index under the heading
"Henry Ranch" (Kleinpell 1938, p. 420)."
TEXT-FIGURE 1
Locality map of central California outcrop sections referred to
in this study.
ros and Monterey Formations. In Graves Creek, the contact
between the Vaqueros and the Sandholdt is buried; the evidence of an unconformity is inconclusive. The Sandholdt
crops out in the creek bed and along its banks where it consists
primarily of poorly to moderately laminated silty calcareoussiliceous mudstones; they are interbedded with massive
(bioturbated) calcareous mudstone, chert, and dolostone, and
intruded by a series of sandstone dikes from the Vaqueros
Formation (Mertz 1984).
Kleinpell (1938) referred to the Miocene depositional basin
represented by the Graves Creek section as the Paso Robles
Basin; recent workers (e.g. Graham 1976, 1980; Blake 1981a;
Mertz 1984, 1989) refer to it as the Salinas Basin.
Previous Studies
The earliest reference to the foraminifers of Graves Creek is
Rufus M. Bagg's (1905) analysis of a Monterey Shale sample
collected by J. C. Branner on what was then J. H. Henry's
Rancho del Encinal. Bagg's report also includes Branner's
brief description of the local geology. Bagg identified 66
species in that Graves Creek sample, including three new
species: Sagrina br-anneri,S. californiensis, and S . elongata.
Following the style of Chapman (1900), his contemporary on
California foraminifera, Bagg derived most of his species
identifications and figures from the literature on the Miocene
of Europe (Kleinpell 1972, 1980). Unfortunately for later
students of the fauna, Bagg (1905) did not indicate the
depository of his specimens, which have never been located.
The foraminifera of the California Miocene became a focal
point of interest as the booming oil industry recognized the
value of biostratigraphic correlation in exploration. The lack
of resemblance between specimens recovered and the species
identified and illustrated by Chapman (1900) and Bagg
(1905) led to the abandonment of most of the European
binomina in favor of new species. After examining specimens
that he recollected from Branner's sample locality, Cushman
(1925, 1926) synonymized Bagg's three species of Sagrina
as Siphogenerina branneri. Later, a piece of Branner's original sample was found at Stanford University, and from it
Kleinpell's "Henry Ranch" assemblage numbers 55 species,
which are listed alphabetically in Table 1. Because neither
Kleinpell nor we could examine Bagg's specimens, we have
refrained from adding our synonymy to theirs.
In his dissertation, Lipps (1966) first used our Graves Creek
samples to correlate Kleinpell's (1938) benthic foraminiferal
stages with the framework of interregional planktic
biostratigraphy that had then been recently established for
tropical regions. His documentation of planktic foraminiferal
biostratigraphy in the California Miocene also enabled him
to correlate the California stages with the European stages.
He assigned his stratigraphically lowest sample at Graves
Creek (GC- 14) to the Globorotaloides stainfor-thi Zone,
placed his other samples (GC-13 to -1) in the Turborotalia
pr-aescitula Zone, and correlated both zones with the Relizian
stratotype at Reliz Canyon. In a subsequent publication,
Lipps (1967a) collectively referred the Relizian Stage at Los
Sauces Creek, Naples Beach, Graves Creek, and Reliz Canyon to the upper Catapsydras dissinzilis, Globor-otaloides
stainforthi, and Globigerinatella insueta Zones of Bolli
(1957, 1966) and Bandy (1964), Zones N5 to N8 of Banner
and Blow (1965), and the Burdigalian and part of the Helvetian Stages of Europe. In a similar fashion, Lipps (1968)
assigned the lower Relizian Stage at Los Sauces Creek,
Graves Creek, and Reliz Canyon to the Catapsydr-ax dissirnilis Zone, based on the concurrent calcareous nannofossils
Triquetrorhabdulus car-inatus
and
Helicosphaera
anzpliaperta, and noted that upper Relizian nannoplankton
occur in the Catapsydras stainforthi and Globigerinatella
inszleta Zones. Lipps's assignments of the lower Relizian to
these plankton zones were based on the downward extension
of the Relizian into the type Saucesian at Los Sauces Creek
as proposed by Redwine et al. (1952) and Carson (1965). This
downward extension was not generally accepted by other
workers (Bandy et al. 1969; Bandy and Ingle 1970; Bandy
1972a, b; Hornaday 1980), and so Lipps, in the report for The
Pacific Coast Miocene Biostratigraphic Symposium (Lipps
and Kalisky 1972), revised his assignment of these strata,
including the Graves Creek section, from the lower Relizian
to the upper Saucesian "pending full documentation of the
revisions" proposed by Redwine et al. (1952) and Carson
(1965). Thus, the basal exposure at Graves Creek (GC-14 and
- 13), yielding Catapsydrax stainforthi, Globigerinoides
quadrilobata, Globorotaloides hexagona (= G . suteri),
Turborotalia nana, and Triquetrorhabdzllus carinatus, correlates with the upper part of the Saucesian stratotype at Los
Sauces Creek and calcareous nannofossil Zones NN1-2
(Lipps and Kalisky 1972). The middle exposure (GC-12 to
- 1) remained correlated with the type Relizian and calcareous
micro pale onto log^, ~ o l3.6 , no. 1 , 1990
nannofossil Zones NN3-4 on the basis of the occurrence of
Turborotulia rnayer-i, T . n a n a , G . hexagona. G .
quadr-ilobatus, Discoaster- exilis, D . druggii, and
Sphenolithus heteromorphus.
In his geological report on the Santa Margarita area, Hart
(1976) presents a foraminiferal checklist that includes two
Graves Creek assemblages analyzed by C. C. Church. He lists
17 species for Sample 160, interpreted as Upper Relizian, and
16 species for Sample 161 (north of Sample 160 and away
from creek). interpreted as Lower Relizian. These faunal data
suggest that a northeast trending fault, which Hart questionably mapped just to the southwest, extends across the creek
and offsets the nearly 400 feet of section unexposed therein.
Recently, Graham (1980) provided afield trip guidebook with
a cursory report on the Graves Creek section that he derived
from his 1976 dissertation on the sedimentary tectonics of
the Salinian block. He lists only four foraminiferal assemblages (two were provided by D. L. Durham of the USGS,
while the source of the other two is not clearly stated). His
lists are incomplete, as his largest assemblage consists of 22
species (our equivalent GC-15 assemblages number 46-57
species). Because the basal Monterey is completely covered
in Graves Creek, Graham resorted to a nearby roadcut along
Santa Lucia Avenue to collect his basal Monterey (Saucesian)
assemblages. He refers to the lowest outcrops in the creek as
yielding "a Saucesian-Relizian boundary microfauna" indicative of lower middle-bathyal (1500-2000 m) water depths,
the "principle exposures" upsection as Relizian and indicative of upper middle-bathyal(500- 1500 m) water depths. and
the outcrop beneath the bridge as the "only Luisian exposure"
deposited at lower middle-bathyal water depths.
A more recent study by Mertz (1984, 1989), on the origin and
depositional history of the Sandholdt Member in the Santa
Lucia Range, also examined the Graves Creek section. His
section includes outcrops stratigraphically above those we
examined much farther downstream. Mertz's comments on
the foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the section (accredited
to G . Blake) differ from those of Graham (1980) by not
recognizing the Saucesian Stage. Mertz also was assisted by
G. Keller, who interpreted the exposures that we analyze in
this report as within the interval of planktic foraminiferal
Zones N7-N11. In addition, C. H. Ellis examined the calcareous nannofossils for Mertz, who reported that this interval
r a n g e s f r o m the Discoaster ~lariahilisS u b z o n e of t h e
Heiicosphaera ampliaperta Zone to t h e Sphenolithus
heterornorphus Zone. These correlate with Zones CN3 and
CN4, respectively (see Perch-Nielsen 1985).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We analyzed 18 samples (University of California Museum
of Paleontology localities UCMP 10831-10848) collected by
Lipps in 1964 along Graves Creek, and one sample (UCMP
10849) collected by Finger and D. J. DePaolo along Santa
Lucia Avenue (locality of Graham 1980) in 1987 (text-fig.
2). The Graves Creek (GC) collection is the sample suite used
by Lipps (1966, 1967a. 1968) and Lipps and Kalisky (1 972).
Unexposed parts of the section resulted in the stratigraphic
breaks in sampling and the approximation of their positions
on our stratigraphic column (text-fig. 3). In 1985, Finger
recollected the section which duplicated Lipps's seven
stratigraphically highest samples. At the time of Finger's
TEXT-FIGURE 2
Location of the Graves Creek area and samples exposures. Total
sample localites = 18.
visit, running water prevented sampling the older rocks which
mostly crop out in the creek bed. Because the foraminiferal
assemblages recovered from Finger's samples closely resemble those already picked from Lipps's material, and some
were not as well preserved, this supplementary collection
(CRC-43919) was excluded from further study; several of
these rock samples, however, were processed for calcareous
nannofossils and diatoms. Finger, Lipps, Miller, DePaolo,
and J. O'Kane reexamined the entire section in 1987 but
added little to the previous sampling.
For the present foraminiferal study, the rock samples were
disaggregated by (a) soaking in kerosene, (b) boiling in a
solution of sodium bicarbonate, and (c) washing over a 230
mesh (U.S. Standard) screen. After drying, the washed residue of each Graves Creek sample was split between Weaver
and Finger, who picked individual suites of assemblage
(N>300) slides. Weaver's study, guided by Lipps, constituted
the thesis of his 1986 Master of Science degree at the University of California, Davis. For this analysis, Finger's semiquantitative d a t a was augmented with Weaver's
presencelabsence data by noting additional species occurrences as "very rare." The semi-quantitative data is based on
relative abundances in each of the 60, 100, and 230 mesh
screens without any adjustment for grain-size percentages of
the total sediment. Hence, the abundances of the larger species in these mudstones are likely to be exaggerated. Fully
quantitative counts would have been futile because most of
the residue consisted of incompletely disaggregated mud and
immature specimens of irrelevant species. Lipps (1966. p.
149) estimated that planktic foraminifers, the majority of
which are recovered in the 230 mesh screen, commonly
comprise more than 80% of the tests in each sample.
For the taxonomic part of this study, Finger and Weaver
independently compared their foraminiferal specimens with
Kleinpell's collection in Stanford University and the Cushman Collection in the U.S. National Museum. All of the
K. L. Finger- et 01.: Calcareous micr-ofossils in the lon~er-Morzter-ey Formation, Califor-nia
TABLE 1 Kleinpell's synonymy of Bagg's Graves Creek assemblage. (A question mark precedes each taxon for which Kleinpell was uncertain of his synonymy.) Klein~ell(1938)
B a e (~1905)
Anomalina salinasensis
Anomalina salinasensis
Baggina robusta
Bolivina brevior
Bolivina californica
Bolivim conica
Bolivina imbricata
Bolivim imbricata
Bolivina imbricata
Bolivina turnida
Bulimina ovata
Bulimina ovata
Bulimina pseudoajinis
Buliminella henryam
Buliminella henryana
Cancris baggi
Cancris brongniartii
Dentalina cf. D. communis
Dentalina obliqua
Dentalina obliqua
Dentalina obliqua
(not found)
(not found)
Dentalina obliqua
Dentalina obliqua
Dentalim roemeri
Elphidiwn granti
Globigerina bilobata
Globigerina bulloides
Globigeri~cretacea
Globigerim dubia
?Gyroidina relizana
Hemicristellaria beali
L a g e a~piculata
Lagena globosa
Lagena gracilis
Lagena marginata
Lagena sulcata
Lenticulina relizensis
Nodogenerina &em
N. advena var. hughesi
Nodosaria longiscata
Nodosaria paredis
?Nonion cf. N. communis
Nonion pizarrensis
Nonion umbilicaturn
(not found)
Planulim baggi
Planulim baggi
Planulim baggi
Pullenia aff. P. miocenica
Pulvinulinella subperuviana
Robulus branneri
?Robulus hughesi
Robulus cf. R. gerlandi
Robulus hughesi
?Robulus mayi
(not found)
Robulus miocenicus
Robulus reedi
?Robulus simplex
(not found)
Siphogenerina branneri
Uvigerinella caljfornica
U. californica var. gracilis
Valvulineria californica var.appres,sa
V. californica var. obesa
Valvulineriadepressa
Valvulineria williami
Virgulina californiensis
Anomalina ammonoides
Anomalina rotula
Discorbim allom~rphinoides
Bolivinapunctata
Bulirnina buchiana
B. punctata var. substriata
Bolivina aenariensis
Bolivina dilatata
B. dilatata var. angusta
Bolivina textilarioides
Bulimina ovata
Bulimim pupoides
Bulimina ajinis
Buliminella eleganhssima
Buliminella elongata
Pulvinulina auricula
Pulvinulina brongniartii
Nodosaria communis
N. consobrim var. emaciata
Nodosaria puperata
Nodosariafarcimen
Nodosaria filiformis
Nodosaria obliqua
N&mia radicula
Nodosaria soluta
Nodosmia roemeri
Polystomella c r i s p
Globigerina bilobata
Globigerina bulloides
Globigeri~cretacea
Globigerim dubia
Rotalia soldanii
Crirrellaria crepidula
Lagena apicukzm
Lagena globosa
Lagena gracilis
Lagem
~ arginata
Lagena sulcata
Cristellaria gibba
Nodosaria c o n s o b r i ~
Nodosaria adolphina
(not found)
(not found)
Nonionina communis
(not found)
Nonionina umbilicatum
Orbdim wu'versa
Anomalina ariminensis
Truncatulim lobatula
Truncatulina wuellerstorji
Pullenia sphaeroides
Truncatulina pygmaea
(not found)
Cristellariaarticulata
Cristellariag e r m
Cristellaria carsis
Cristellariacrepidula
C. crepidula var. gladius
Cristellaria miocenicus
Cristellaria gerlandi
Crisrellaria rotukzta
Rotalia beccarii
Sagrina branneri
Sagrina californiensis
Sagrina elongata
U v i g e r i p~ygmaea
Ungerina canariensis
Uvigerina tenuisniata
Truncatulina variabilis
Nonwnina pompilioides
Anomalina grosserugosa
Nonwnina boueana
Bulimina elegans
species in the recovered fauna, including ostracodes, are
illustrated as scanning electron micrographs on plates 1-13
accompanying this report. Most of the calcareous
nannoplankton species are illustrated on plates 14 and 15.
DATA AND RESULTS
The Santa Lucia AvenueIGraves Creek collection yields 163
benthic and 24 planktic species of foraminifera (see Species
Reference List, table 2, plates 1-12). In contrast, only 80
benthic species comprise the composite assemblage listed by
Mertz (1984) for 27 Sandholdt samples from six localities,
including four samples from Graves Creek. The 19 assemblages comprising the present study range in size from 49 to
87 species. The Graves Creek assemblages recovered by
Bagg (1905) and Kleinpell (1938) are within this range, but
those recorded from this locality by Church (it? Hart 1976)
are much smaller and most certainly incomplete. Even though
we interpreted species definitions broadly, nearly half of the
taxa recovered in this investigation have never been described. The washed residues also yielded l l rare species of
marine ostracodes (see plate 13) assigned to the following
genera: Atnbostr-ucon ( t w o species), Aur-ila, Coquinzha,
Hemicytherur-a, "Hertnanites," Kangar-ina, Losoconc.ha,
"Micr-ocyther-ur-a,'' Munseyella, P a r a c o s t a ,
and
Pectocyther-e. All of these species have affinities with species
previously recovered from the regional Neogene. Slides prepared for calcareous nannofossils contain 24 species from 11
of the samples (see Species Reference List, table 3, plates 14
and 15). Although large radiolarians occasionally were recovered in the washed residues, slides prepared for diatoms
were barren; this is not surprising, as Baldauf and Barron
(1982) were unsuccessful in finding diatoms in the type
Relizian rocks of Reliz Canyon.
Correlation with the "Henry Ranch" Sample Locality
The locality described and mapped by Branner (in Bagg
1905) as "in the bed of Graves Creek, about 500 feet south
of J. H. Henry's ranch house" appears to be the same as our
upper exposure which now is situated beneath the Monterey
Road Bridge (see text-fig. 2), although varying water levels
and more than a half century of erosion preclude a precise
match of localities. Similarities between the previously described foraminiferal assemblages (table 1) and those documented herein for the GC-15 suite (table 2) support the
inference that Bagg (1905), Cushman and Kleinpell (1934),
and Kleinpell (1938) utilized material collected only from
this part of the section. Most notable among the faunal data
is that none of the forementioned lists Siphogenerina hughesi,
a distinct smooth-surfaced form which Kleinpell (1938) designated as the index for his Lower Relizian Zone which bears
its name. This species and a very finely striate variety (both
assigned herein to Rectuviger-ina) are common in most of the
samples collected from the middle exposure. Because
Kleinpell (1938, 1980) restricted S. hughesi to the Lower
Relizian and referred to Bagg's assemblage as Upper Relizian, these previous foraminiferal studies evidently did not
analyze the samples downsection (upstream) from our GC-15
locality.'The relative abundances of species recorded by Bagg
most closely resembles the faunal data from our sample
GC- 1 5a, which was collected at the stratigraphic base of the
upper exposure under the bridge.
Micropaleorztology, vol. 3 6 , no. 1 , 1990
Chronostratigraphy
Although the present study emphasizes the foraminiferal
fauna, data on calcareous nannofossils and strontium isotopes
refine the ages assigned to the Graves Creek section.
Benthic foraminiferal associations in the California Miocene
are environmentally controlled to a great degree and the
biostratigraphic units that they characterize may be more or
less time-transgressive (see Blake 1981a). Similarities between our benthic foraminiferal assemblages and the
thanatofacies characterizing Kleinpell's (1938) stages suggest that the Graves Creek section ranges from the late
Saucesian to the early Luisian, as previously interpreted by
Graham (1980). Although Kleinpell (1938) subdivided this
interval into the Uvigerinella obesa, Siphogenerina hughesi,
Siphogenerina branneri, and Siphogenerina reedi Zones, we
believe these subdivisions are best confined to local correlations as they are difficult to recognize elsewhere and are not
based on valid criteria for interbasinal biostratigraphic correlation (see Crouch and Bukry 1979; Arnal et al. 1980).
Revised criteria used to recognize Kleinpell's stages and
zones (i.e. Kleinpell 1980; Billman and Hopkins 1980; Blake
1985) have not solved the problem, as they continue to rely
on "characteristic" associations defined with many species
that cannot be clearly distinguished from related forms. In
addition, many of the species have ranges which extend
beyond those documented in the literature. In comparing our
Graves Creek assemblages with many other coeval assemblages from the Monterey Formation, including those from
stratotype sections, we have found the faunules to have little
geographic continuity.
Because three separate sequences were exposed in Graves
Creek when our material was collected, stratigraphic breaks
make demarcation of temporal changes in the benthic fauna
easy. Had the section been continuously exposed when collected, we suspect that the faunal succession would appear
much more gradual and, therefore, considerably more difficult to separate into biostratigraphic units. The relatively
narrow stratigraphic intervals of the lower and upper exposures lessens our confidence that the absences in those strata
of certain "middle exposure" species have any real significance in interpreting the sequence. Nevertheless, we summarize below some of the more obvious changes in the benthic
foraminiferal succession (see table 2).
For the most part, our planktic foraminiferal identifications
and age determinations are based on Kennett and Srinivasan's
(1983) Neogene atlas and Bolli and Saunders's (1985, figs.
9-10) range chart. Because the species ranges listed in these
studies are not all identical, we have combined them for the
ranges noted below. Several discrepancies between our findings and these global syntheses may be the result of our
relatively scanty data set and/or their relative lack of data on
the Miocene of the Northeast Pacific. The biostratigraphic
interpretations are related to the zonation charts of Barron
(1986a) and Miller (1 987). Calcareous nannofossil zones are
based on Perch-Nielsen (1 985) with species ranges modified
for California, and they are correlated with foraminiferal
zones and the numerical time-scale according to Barron
(1986a, 1986b) and Miller (1987). Figure 4 summarizes
biostratigraphic correlations devised for the Graves Creek
section. Significant data used in age-dating the section are as
follows:
W
Sample
Number
r 1000 r
I==-
...................... GC-15d Upper Exposure
GC-15a
Section
not exposed
Middle Exposure
GC-13 Lower Exposure
GC-14
SL-1
Basal Exposure
(Santa Lucia Ave.)
TEXT-FIGURE 3 Stratigraphic column of the composite Graves Creek Section. Basal exposure, Santa Lucia Avenue (SL-1):The basal Monterey Formation yields an assemblage characterized by abundant Rectuligerina, predominately the bladed morphotype,
R transversa. This form is similarly abundant in the type
Saucesian at Los Sauces Creek and coeval strata throughout
much of central California (Kleinpell 1938, 1980). Associated benthic species not recovered from the younger Graves
Creek strata are Astacolus sp. H, Gaudlyina pliocenica, and
Malginulinopsis sp. The absence of Rectuligerina hughesi
and other species which generally have their first appearances
in the Relizian support the Saucesian age assigned to these
beds.
The concurrence of planktic foraminifers Catapsgdras
stainforthi, Globigerinoides quadrilohatus, Globoquadrina
baroernoenensis, Glohorotalia praescitula. Glohorotaloides
suteri, and Neogloboquadrina continuosa suggests that this
sample is within the interval of Zones N6 to N7. This designation is further supported by the common occurrences of
Sphenolithus helernnos and the absence of S . heterornorphus.
The Sphenolithus belemnos Zone also is present just above
and below the bentonite bed which separates the Rincon
Formation from the Monterey Formation at Los Sauces Creek
(Warren 1980). Very rare S . helernnos also occur within the
Siphogenerina transl>ersaZone of the Saucesian Stage immediately above the bentonite bed at Naples Beach (Miller,
K . L. Finger et a / . : Calc,areous rnic,l-ofossils in the I o ~ , e lMonterey
For.rnation, California
TABLE 2 Faunal checklist. Micropaleontology, vol. 3 6 , no. 1 , 1990
TABLE 2 Continued Gbborotaba zwkndca
G b q e n n r l a uwla OSTRACODES
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
1
I
I
I
1VR1
I
!VRI
1
I
K . L. Finger et al.: Calcareous microfossils in the lower Monterev Fornzation, California
TABLE 3
Floral
checklist.
--
--
---
unpubl. data) and in the uppermost Vaqueros Formation at
Reliz Canyon (Miller 1987).
Strontium isotope analysis of foraminiferal calcite from the
basal sample (SL-1) indicates an age within the interval of
17.8-18.2 Ma, although correlation with DSDP site 575
indicates that the onset of Monterey deposition occurred
17.85+0.10 Ma (DePaolo and Finger, in press). This date
correlates with the top of planktic foraminiferal Zone N6 and
the upper part of calcareous nannofossil Zone CN2, which
correlate with the Plectofrondicularia mrocenica and
Uligerinella obesa Zones of the Saucesian Stage at Reliz
Canyon and Los Sauces Creek.
Lower exposure, Gralses Creek (GC-14 and -13): The faunule
recovered from the lower exposure of the Monterey Formation in Graves Creek includes most of the species which occur
in the basal unit along Santa Lucia Avenue. The Graves Creek
assemblages, with abundant Rectul'igerina trans13ersaand no
R . hughesi, are similarly characteristic of the Saucesian
Stage. Other benthic species abundant in both samples are
Bulirninella subfusiformis, Uvigerina subperegrina, and
Valvulineria miocenica. R . transversa and eight rare species
are not seen higher in the section. The Saucesian benthic
faunule, which includes the Santa Lucia Avenue assemblage,
totals 84 species.
The concurrence of planktic foraminifers Catapsydrax
stainforthi, Globorotalia birnageae, Globorotaloides suteri,
and Neogloboquadrina continuosa suggests that the lowest
outcrops in Graves Creek are within Zone N7. The presence
in the lower creek beds of the calcareous nannofossil
Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus (Lipps 1969; Lipps and
Kalisky 1972) indicates an a g e n o younger than the
Sphenolithus belemnos Zone, or lower CN2.
Strontium isotope analysis of foraminiferal calcite from the
lowest Graves Creek sample (GC-14) indicates an age of
17.8-17.9 Ma (DePaolo and Finger, in press), similar to that
determined for SL- 1. This date is within the top of planktic
foraminiferal Zone N6 and within the upper part of calcareous
nannofossil Z o n e C N 2 . T h e s e correlate with t h e
Plectofrondicularia miocenica and Uvigerinella obesa Zones
of the Saucesian Stage at Reliz Canyon and Los Sauces Creek.
Middle Exposure ( G C - 1 2 t o - 1 ) : T h e predominant
Rectuvigerina in the lower part of the middle exposure (GC-
TEXT-FIGURE 4
Age determination for the Graves Creek Section
12 to -10) is the smooth-surfaced morphotype identified as
R . hughesi. A similar trend in this plexus is found in the lower
Relizian stratotype in Reliz Canyon as well as other nearby
sections (Kleinpell 1938, 1980). Higher in this interval, a
finely striate form, named herein as Rectul'igerina loeblichi
and referred to by others as R . hughesi var. (e.g. Woodring
and Rramlette 1951; Kleinpell 1980, p. 33) becomes more
common. Surprisingly, this variety has not been illustrated in
studies that emphasize the "Siphogenerina" plexus in
biostratigraphic correlation (i.e. Kleinpell 1938, 1980; Lamb
and Hickernell 1972; Kleinpell and Tipton 1980). The middle
exposure yields 74 benthic species not seen in the lower
section. In the lower part of the middle exposure (GC- 12 to
GC-8), first appearances include Baggina californica,
Bolivina blakei n. sp., Bolivina churchi, Dentalina
pseudoobliqua n. sp., Frondicularia c f . F. bulbosa,
Globocassidulina neopulchella n. sp., Hansensica
rotundimargo, Lenticulina hughesi, Lenticulina luciana,
Parafrondicularia
miocenica, Plectofrondicularia
californica, Pullenia malkinae, and Valvulineria californica.
Higher in the middle section (GC-7 to GC-1) are found the
first appearances of Bolivina advena ornata, Bolivina conica,
Bolivina granti, Bolivina imbricata, Bolilina modeloensis,
Buccella oregonensis, Cancris baggi, Elphidium granti,
Gavelinopsis durhami n. sp., Gavelinopsis holkos n. sp.,
Marginulinopsis beali, and Pullenia inglei, n, sp.. Conspicuously absent from this part of the section is Cibicidoides
cushmani, which was abundant below.
T h e planktic foraminiferal markers are Globigerirla
quinqueloba,
Globigerinoides
altiaperturus,
Globigerinoides quadrilobatus, Globorotalia m a y e r i ,
Globorotalia praescitula, Globorotaloides suteri, and
Neogloboquadrina continuosa. The concurrent range of these
species is Zones N6-N7, indicating that this exposure, like
those below it, is within Zone N7. The recovery of a single
specimen of Protentellaprolisa? suggests that the genus, and
possibly the species, evolved much earlier than previously
Mrcr-opaleontology, \,ol. 3 6 , no. 1 , 1990
Paleobathyrnetric Biofacies (Selected S~eciesl
(Modified from Ingle. 1980, 1985; 'Denotes Low-Oxygen Zone Indicators)
Inner Neritic (0-50 m)
Buliminella eleganbss~ma,Buccella oregonensfs, Elphidium grant/, Nonfonella miocen~ca, Pseudononfon basispinatum, Pseudononlon cost~ferum Outer Neritic (50-150 m)
Boliv~natong; filacostata, Hanzawa~adepaolo~,Holmanella bagg~,Marginulinopsfs bealf,
Pullenia malk~nae,Valvuhneria miocenlca
Upper Bathyal(150-500 m)
Baggina californ~ca,Bol~vfnaadvena, B, advena ornata: B. brewor, B. californica, B modeloensis, B. parva, B, tumida, Buliminella subfusfformfs, Cancns baggi, Globocassiduhna neomargareta, lslandiella modeloensfs, Klefnpella calfforn~ensfs:Oridorsalis subtenera, Pseudoparrella subperuvlana, Suggrunda kle~npellf: Uvfgerina subperegrina: Uvigennella californica, U californica ornata, Valvulfnera californica, V, robusta Upper Middle Bathyal (500-1,500 m)
Bohvfna blakef, B. conica, B, grant;, B. imbncata, B. pseudosp~ssa,Bulimfna inflata, 6 . subacum~nata,
B. subcalva, Ch~lostomellaovoldea: Dentalfna commun~s,Island~ellacannata, Megastomella capitanensis,
pseudotorta, Rectuv~gennaspp.
Oridorsalfs umbonata, Paracassfdulfnadelicata: Protoglobobul~m~na
Sphaeroidina ch~lostomata,Uvfgenna hootsi'
Lower Middle Bathyal (1,500-2,000 m)
Anomal~nofdessalinasensfs, Cibic~do~des
cushman~,Gyroidina healdf, Hansenfsca rotundfmargo,
Nodogenerina spp., Parafrondicularia mfocenica, Plectofrondiculana californ~ca,Proxffrons advena,
Pullenia m~ocenfca,Siphonodosaria spp.
TEXT-FIGURE 5
Depositional paleoecology of the Graves Creek foraminifers
believed. The middle exposure also yields the calcareous
nannofossils Cyclicar-golithus floridanus, Discoasterdeflandrei, Discoaster exilis, Helicosphaera ampliaperta, H .
scissura, and Sphenolithus heter-omorphus, but neither
Triquetrorhabulus car-inatus nor Sphenolithus belemnos,
suggesting that it is within the Helicosphaer-a ampliaperta
Zone, or Zone CN3. This interpretation also correlates with
s i m i l a r c a l c a r e o u s nannofossil d a t a f r o m Kleinpell's
stratotypes for the U~~igerinella
obesa Zone of the upper
Saucesian Stage at Los Sauces Creek and the Siphogenerina
hughesi and S. br-anneri Zones of the Relizian Stage at Reliz
Canyon (Miller 1987).
Strontium isotope analyses of foraminiferal calcite from the
middle exposure indicate an age range of 17.5-16.4 Ma
(DePaolo and Finger, in press). This age is within planktic
foraminiferal Zone N7 and calcareous nannofossil Zone CN3. These plankton zones correlate with the type Siphogenerina
branner-i and S. hughesi Zones in the Relizian stratotype at
Reliz Canyon.
Upper exposure (GC-15 suite): A diverse group of costate
Rectu~~igerina,
all assigned here to R. branner-i,predominates
the plexus in the upper exposure. Other workers might apply
other names (e.g. R . collomi) to some of the morphotypes
found here, but these are poorly defined species which we
consider to be ecophenotypic variants of this highly variable
species. Only six benthic species make their first appearances
in this part of the section, most notably Lenticulina branneri,
Lenticulina miocenica, and Pullenia miocenica. Perhaps the
faunal break is most apparent in the absence here of 7 9 species
found in the middle exposure. Conspicuously missing are
Bolivina blakei, Bolivina churchi, Bolivina conica, Bulimina
subacuminata, Frondicularia
cf.
F.
bulbosa,
Globocassidulina neopulchella, Lenticulina hughesi,
Parafrondicular-ia miocenica, Plectofrondicular-ia
californica, Protoglobobulimina pseudotor-ta, Pullenia inglei, Rectuvigerina hughesi, Rectuviger-ina loeblichi,
Siphonodosar-ia quadr-ulata, and Siphonodosar-ia monter-ey- ana n. sp.. The upper faunule is transitional between the Relizian and Luisian faunas described by Kleinpell (1938, 1980), indicating that these strata may be at or near the
Relizian/Luisian boundary. We view the GC-15 assemblages
as having their greatest affinity with associations referred to
the Luisian Stage elsewhere in central and southern California.
K . L. Finger e t a / . : Calcareous microfossils in the lowser-Monterey Formation. Califor-nia
The planktic foraminifera1 markers are G l o b i g e r i n a
q u i n q u e l o b a , Globigerinoides q u a d r i l o b a t u s , Globorotalia
praescitula, and Globorotalia zealandica. These species have
a concurrent range of Zones N6-N8, but the assignment of
the older assemblages to Zone N7 implies that this association
is within the interval of Zones N7 to N8. The absences of
C a t a p s y d r a x stainforthi and Globigerinoides altiaperturus,
found lower in the section, suggest that the upper exposure
may be restricted to Zone N8.
Bagg (1905) recorded O r b u l i n a universa, and its synonym
~ l ~ bbilobata,
i ~ in~his ~G~~~~~
i creek
~ ~ assemblage, hi^
record is perplexing, as the species$ first appearance datum
is at the base of zone~ 9which
,
is younger than the age we
have interpreted for our highest sample. We did not find the
PLATE 1 1-5
Amphimorphina amchitkaetzsis, GC-8: 1, lost microspheric
specimen, side view, x45.2, megaspheric specimen, UCMP
type number 3821 8, side view, x40.3,5, UCMP type number
38219: 3, side view, late segment, x60; 5, oblique apertural
view, x92. 4. UCMP type number 38220, cross-sectional
view. x58.
28
Nodogeneritzu parkeri Finger and Lipps, n. sp.: GC-8, holotype, UCMP type number 38238, side view, x56.
29-3 1
6, 7
Chrvsalogonium californiensis, Finger and Lipps, n. sp.,
GC-12, holotype, UCMP type number 38221: 6 , side view
of aperture, x168; 7 , side view, x50.
Nodogenerina rappani Finger and Lipps, n. sp.: 29,30, GC- 1,
holotype, UCMP type number 38239: 29, apertural view,
x65; 30, side view, x34. 31, GC-2, paratype, UCMP type
number 38240, side view, x23.
32-34
8
Nodogener-ina paresilis: 32, GC-9, UCMP type number
38241, side view, x45. 33, 34. GC-3, UCMP type number
38242: 33, apertural view, x112; 34, side view, x34.
Denralina communis: GC-4, UCMPtype number 38222, side
view, x52.
35-37
Siphonodosar-ia ad1,ena:35, 36, GC-3, UCMP type number
38243: 35, megaspheric specimen, apertural view, ~ 1 0 636,
;
side view, x41. 37, GC-7, microspheric specimen, UCMP
type number 38244, side view, x51.
38-42
Siphonodosar-ia quadr-ulata:38, GC-2, UCMP type number
38245, side view, x39.39, GC-3, UCMP type number 38246,
side view, x34. 40, GC-9, UCMP type number 38247, side
view, x22. 41, 42, GC-9, UCMP type number 38248: 41,
apertural view, x92; 42, slde view, x35.
43-45
~~d~~~~~~~~~sagr-inensis:43, ~ c . 7 ,lost spec,men, side
view, x70. 44, 45, GC-7, UCMP type number 38250: 44,
apertural view, x168; 45, side view, x62.
9
Dentalitza roemer-i:GC- 11, UCMP type number 38223, side
view, x56.
10
Dentalina pseudoobliqua, Finger and Lipps, n. sp.: GC-4,
holotype, UCMP type number 38224, side view, x22.
11
Denralina lagoei, Finger and Lipps, n, sp.: GC-13, holotype,
UCMP type number 38225, side view, x112.
12
Denralina atascaderoensis, Finger and Lipps, n. sp.: GC-9,
13
Denralina sp. F: GC-9, UCMP type number 38227, side
view, x48.
14, 15
Nodosar-ia ewaldi: 14, GC-12, UCMP type number 38228,
side view of later segment, x30. 15, GC-14, UCMP type
number 38229, composite side view of two specimens, x23.
16
17
Lagena laevis: GC-9, UCMP type number 38253, side view,
x224.
Lagetza lisbonensis: 49, GC-13, lost specimen, side view,
X I 16.50, GC-3, UCMPtype number 38255, side view, x106.
Nodosaria ohispoensis Finger and Lipps, n. sp.: GC-15a,
Nodosaria fr-atzki Finger and Lipps, n. sp.: GC-8, holotype,
19, 20
Nodosarra wea,,err, Finger and Lipps, n. sp., GC-12, holotype, UCMPtype number 38233: 19, apertural view, x57; 20,
side view, x3 1.
21
Nodosar-iaperversa: GC-12, lost specimen, side view, x50.
22, 23
Siphotzodosaria monrer-eyanaFinger and Lipps, n. sp., GC-7,
holotype, UCMP type number 38235: 22, apertural view,
x79; 23, side view, x3 1.
24, 25
Siphonodosar-ia sp. D, GC-6,UCMP type number 38236: 24,
apertural view, x134; 25, side view, x50.
Siphonodosar-ia ad,,ena, GC- 1 5a, UCMP type number
38237: 26, apertural view, x50; 27, side view, x24.
Lagena alcocki: GC-8, lost specimen, side view, ~ 1 4 8 .
Lagetza discrepans: GC-13, lost specimen, side view, ~ 2 0 1 .
Nodosar-ia irregularis: GC-7, UCMP type number 38230,
side view of early segment, x50.
18
26, 27
46
Lagetza mesicana: GC-13, lost specimen, side view, ~ 2 2 6 .
Lagena pacfica: GC- 11, lost specimen, side view, x 194.
Hvalitzonetr.ion "elotzgata" : GC- 13, UCMP type number
38258, side view, x56.
Lagena cf. L. pliocetzica: GC-3, UCMP type number 38259,
side view, x168.
Lagena timmsana: 55, GC-3, UCMP type number 38260,
side view, x137. 56, GC-3, UCMP type number 38261, side
view, xl19.57, GC-15a, variant, UCMP type number 38262,
side view, ~ 1 1 5 58,
. GC-3, variant, UCMP type number
59
Lagena sp. C : GC-14, lost specimen, side view, ~ 1 7 6 .
60
Lagena apiopleur-a:GC-9, UCMP type number 38265, side
view, x224.
Finger, Lipps, Weaver, and Miller
micropaleontology, volume 36, number 1
PLATE I
11
K . L. Firzger et al.: Calc,a~.eousmic,rofossils iri the l o ~ , e rMolzterep
.
Formatiori, Cali'rriia
species in any of our samples in spite of careful examination
and special searching individually by Finger, Lipps, and
Weaver of the material. Likewise, Kleinpell(1938, p. 21) did
not recover the species in Branner's original sample, nor have
subsequent workers reported its occurrence in this section.
Likely, Bagg contaminated his sample or misidentified a
broken globigerinid or a radiolarian. Our deduction that all
of our assemblages are older than the Orhulina datum contradicts, in part, the N7-N11 interval assigned to this section
by G . Keller (in Mertz 1984).
The isotopic age differs slightly from the ages suggested by
the analyses of benthic foraminifers and calcareous nannofossils for the upper exposure. This difference possibly can
be attributed to the time-transgressive nature of the benthic
foraminiferal stages and the imperfect application of the
tropical calcareous nannofossil zonation to California (see
Blake 1981a). Whatever the cause, apparently the upper
exposure approximates the RelizianILuisian and CN3/CN4
boundaries.
Sample GC-1 5a, from the base of the upper exposure, yields
a rich calcareous nannofossil assemblage which includes
Cpclicargolithus floridanus, Discoaster eailis. Discoaster
signus, and Sphenolithus heteromorphus. Neither
Helicosphaera ampliaperra nor H . scissura occur here, suggesting that it is within the Sphenolithus heteromorphus
Zone, or Zone CN4 (Bukry 1973).
The unexposed strata at Graves Creek may obscure recognition of a regional hiatus that Poore et al. (1981) recognized
in Reliz Canyon (type Relizian) and along Indian Creek (type
Luisian area). The stratigraphic gap between those sections
approximates either the 16.0-16.4 Ma or the 15.8-16.6 Ma
interval, depending on how their chart is interpreted. The
more recent biostratigraphic correlation charts of Barron
(1986a, 1986b), which were adjusted for modifications in
magnetic polarity chronostratigraphy, delineate the diachronous RelizianILuisian boundary at 15.4-15.7 Ma. If the wider
gap indicated in the chart of Poore et al. (1981) had been
adopted by Barron, his revision would adjust the age of the
hiatus to 15.2-16.0 Ma. This would place the RelizianILuisian boundary within the hiatus, and both would be slightly
younger than our upper exposure (GC-15a-d) strontium isotope date of 16.0-16.2 Ma.
Strontium isotope analyses of foraminiferal calcite from
upper exposure samples indicate an age range of 15.8-1 6.2
Ma (DePaolo and Finger, in press), which is within the lower
half of planktic foraminiferal Zone N8 and the top of calcareous nannofossil Zone CN3. These correlate with the type
Siphogenerina hranneri Zone in the Relizian stratotype.
PLATE 2
1, 2
Fissurina natlatzdi Finger and Lipps, n. sp., GC-4,
holotype, UCMP type number 38266, ~ 2 8 0 1,
: apertural view; 2, side view.
3,4
Fissurina cf. F. lae~~igata
labiata, GC-6, UCMP type
number 38267, x168: 3, apertural view; 4, side view.
5,6
Fissurina ,~ravesensisFinger and Lipps, n. sp., GC15b, holotype, UCMP type number 38268, x291: 5,
apertural view; 6, side view.
7, 8
Fissurina quasimarginata Finger and Lipps, n. sp.,
GC-8, holotype, UCMP type number 38269, x179: 7,
9, 10
Fissuritza sp. H , GC-5, UCMP type number 38270,
x235: 9, apertural view; 10, side view.
11, 12
Fissurina sp. M, GC-13, UCMP type number 38271,
X24 1: 11, apertural view; 12, side view.
13, 14
Fissurina lon,~ipunc.tataFinger and Lipps, n. sp., GC11, holotype, UCMP type number 38272, x237: 13,
15, 16
Parafissurina sp. B, GC-13, UCMP type number
38273, x224: 15, apertural view; 16, side view.
17, 18
Oolina cf. 0 . borealis, GC-1, UCMP type number
19-22
Oolina melo: 19, 20, GC-10, UCMP type number
38275, ~ 2 2 4 19,
: apertural view; 20, side view. 21,22,
GC-4, UCMPtype number 38276, x216: 21, apertural
view; 22, side view.
23
Oolitza h e . ~ a ~ o n aGC-3,
,
lost specimen, side view,
x224.
24, 25
Reussoolina simpler, GC-7, UCMP type number
26, 27
Oolitza elongata, GC-4, UCMP type number 38278,
28, 29
Oolina globosa setosa, GC-8, UCMP type number
30, 31
Duplella baggi Finger and Lipps, n. sp., GC-15b,
holotype, UCMP type number 38280, x224: 30,
apertural view; 3 1, side view.
32, 33
Duplella lacrima Finger and Lipps, n. sp., GC-9,
holotype, UCMP type number 38281, x224: 32,
PLATE 2
13
K . L. Finger et al.: Calcareous microfossils in the lou,er Monterey Formation, California
Depositional Paleoenvironments
Natland (1933,19571, Bandy (1953a, 1953b), and Bandy and
Arnal (1957, 1960) developed the principles of West Coast
benthic foraminifera1 paleoecology by extrapolating information on the distribution of modern foraminifera to Neogene
assemblages. By relating environmental preferences of selected taxa and general faunal trends, these studies distinguished bathymetrically zoned biofacies. Bandy and Arnal
(1969) and Ingle (1967, 1980, 1985) refined these data and
applied them toward interpreting the histories of Cenozoic
sedimentary basins in California. Douglas (1979, 19811,
Douglas and Heitman (19791, and Blake (1981a, 1981b)
discuss the problems inherent to these schemes, most notably
that (a) they are based on assemblage data biased by postmortem transport of tests from shallower environments, and
(b) species evolve and adapt to water mass properties and the
three-dimensional distributions of these water masses can
change through time. However, we have no alternative but to
base most of our paleoecological interpretations on our current knowledge of modern (extant and homeomorphic) species occurrences, and this procedure generally seems to
provide reasonably accurate and useful information in many
studies. In the present investigation, we have employed
Ingle's (1980, 1985) lists of Neogene paleodepth and lowoxygen indicator species to determine the depositional paleoenvironment of the Atascadero sediments, as illustrated in
text-figure 4. Ingle's (personal comm., 1988) suggestion that
the lower-bathyal species be included in the superjacent
biofacies if they are not in association with abundant radiolarians has been adopted here.
All of the assemblages from the Graves Creek area are mixed
shelf-slope paleobathymetric associations dominated by
upper- and middle-bathyal species. Among the species present with the deepest upper-depth limits (1500-2000 m) are
Anomalinoides salinasensis, Cihicidoides cushmani.
Gyroidina h e a l d i , Par.afrondicularia
miocenica,
Plectofrondicularia californica, and Prosifrons advena. Representatives of this lower middle-bathyal biofacies are present in the Santa Lucia Avenue assemblage and all Graves
Creek assemblages. The overall faunal composition indicates
that the sediments are typical of the Monterey Formation,
having been deposited as turbidites on the basin floor in the
lower middle-bathyal zone. The persistence of this depositional depth for the Monterey Formation here and elsewhere
contradicts Kleinpell's (1980, p. 23) comment that "both
PLATE 3 Astacolus sp. B, GC-2, UCMP type number 38282,
x75: 1, edge view; 2, side view.
23,24
Lenriculina luciana, GC-2, UCMP type number
38293, x54: 23, edge view; 24, side view.
Astacolus sp. C, GC-6, UCMP type number 38283,
25, 26
Lenticulina miocenica, GC-15b, UCMP type number
Astacolus cf. A. cymboides, GC-8, UCMP type number 38284, x62: 5, edge view; 6, side view.
27, 28
Lenticulina reedi, GC-8, UCMP type number 38295,
Astacolus sp. I: 7, 8, GC-3, UCMP type number
38285, x56: 7, edge view; 8, side view. 9, 10, GC-4,
UCMPtypenumber38286, x39: 9, edge view; 10, side
view.
29-32
Lenticulina smileyi: 29,30, GC-13, UCMP type number 38296, ~ 9 529,
: edge view; 30, side view. 3 1, 32,
GC-6, UCMP type number 38297, x60: 3 1, edge view;
32, side view.
Lenticulina branneri, GC- 15a, topotype, UCMP type
number 38287, x56: 11, edge view; 12, side view.
33, 34
Lenticulina sp. C , GC-9, UCMP type number 38298,
Lenticulina dubia: 13, 14, GC-8, UCMP type number
38288, x78: 13, edge view; 14, side view. 15, 16,
GC-11, UCMP type number 38289, x34: 15, edge
view; 16, side view.
35-37
Lenriculina atascaderoensis, Finger and Lipps, n. sp.,
GC-13: 35,36, holotype, UCMP type number 38299,
x67: 35, edge view; 36, side view. 37, paratype,
Lenticulina cf. L. dubia, GC-7, UCMP type number
38
Lenticulina sp. I : GC-3, UCMP type number 38301,
side view, ~ 5 6 .
Lerztic,ulina hughesi, GC-3, UCMP type number
39, 40
Letzticulitza sp. G, GC- 13, UCMP type number 38302,
Lenriculina smileyi, GC-13, UCMP type number
41,42
Lenriculina sandholdtuna, Finger and Lipps, n. sp.,
GC-8, lost holotype, x67: 41, edge view; 42, side view.
PLATE 3
15
K . L. Finger et al.: Calcareous microfossils irz tlze lower Monterev Formation. Culiforrziu
PLATE 4 Bolivina adtvna ornata: GC- lSa, UCMP type number
38305, side view, ~ 5 2 .
Suggrunda inflata Finger and Lipps, n. sp.: 26, GC-6.
paratype, UCMP type number 38327, apertural view,
x145.27, GC-6,paratype, UCMP type number 38328,
side view, ~ 1 6 828,
. 29, GC-4, holotype, UCMP type
number 38329, x168: 28, side view; 29, edge view.
Bolitina brevior: GC- 1Sa, UCMP type number 38306,
side view, ~ 1 2 3 .
Anlmodiscus incertus: GC-ISa, UCMP type number
Bolivina californica: GC-lSa, UCMP type number
38307, side view, ~ 1 1 2 .
Arnmobaculires? sp. B: GC-8, UCMP type number
3833 1, side view, x45.
Bolivina conica, GC-2, UCMP type number 38308,
Reophas cf. R. e.xcenticus: GC-4, UCMP type number
38332, side view, x l l .
Bolivina chunhi: 7, GC-6, UCMP type number
38309, side view, x40. 8, GC-6, UCMP type number
383 11, side view, x5 1. 10, GC-1. UCMP type number
Guttulina sp.: GC-2, lost specimen, side view, ~ 9 2 .
Bolitina adtvna: GC-15a, lost specimen, side view,
x53.
Spirosigrnoilina tenuis: GC-8, UCMP type number
38334, side view, ~ 1 1 2 .
Rectuvigerina hughesi: 35, GC-4, microspheric specimen, UCMP type number 38335. side view, ~ 3 4 . 3 6 ,
GC-4, megaspheric specimen, UCMP type number
Bolivina blakei Finger and Lipps, n. sp.: GC-3, holotype, UCMP type number 383 14, side view, ~ 5 2 .
Rectuvigerina loeblichi Finger and Lipps, n, sp.: 37,
GC-3, lost microspheric specimen, side view, ~ 3 9 . 3 8 ,
GC-10, lost megaspheric specimen, side view, ~ 2 8 .
39, GC-3, microspheric specimen, paratype, UCMP
type number 38339, side view, x28. 40, GC-4,
megaspheric specimen, paratype, UCMP type number
38340, side view, x28.41, GC-4, microspheric specimen, holotype, UCMP type number 38341, side view,
~ 3 4 . 4 2GC-4,
,
lost megaspheric specimen, side view,
x39.
Bolivina grarzti: GC-3, UCMP type number 38315,
side view, x45.
Bolivirza irnbricata: 14, GC-6, UCMP type number
38316, side view, x80. 15, GC-ISd, UCMP type num. GC-3, UCMP type
ber 38317, side view, ~ 5 0 16,
number 383 18, side view, ~ 8 5 .
Bolivina modeloensis: GC-4, UCMP type number
18 Bolivina pseudospissa: GC-8, lost specimen, side
view, x84.
19 Bolivina torzgifilacostata: GC-8, UCMP type number
38321, side view, x112.
20-23 24, 25 Bolivirza turnida: 20, GC-3, UCMP type number
38322, sidevlew,x147.21.GC-5,variant,
UCMPtype
number 38323, side view, x78. 22, GC-5, variant,
UCMP type number 38324, side view, x67. 23, GC10, variant, UCMP type number 38325, side view,
x67.
Suggrunda kleirzpelli, GC-13, UCMP type number
38326, x168: 24, side view 25, apertural view.
43-47 Rectuvigerina branneri:43, GC- 1, microspheric specimen, UCMP type number 38343, side view, ~ 3 4 . 4 4 ,
GC-1, megaspheric specimen, UCMP type number
38344, side view, ~ 3 4 . 4 5GC-15a,
,
megaspheric specimen, topotype, UCMP type number 38345, side view,
x29. 46, GC-1, megaspheric specimen, UCMP type
number 38346, side view, ~34.47,GC-13,microspheric specimen, UCMP type number 38347, side view,
x34.
48,49 Rectuvigerinu transversa, GC-14: 48, megaspheric
specimen, UCMP type number 38348, side view, ~ 3 9 .
49, microspheric specimen, UCMP type number
PLATE 4
I
17
K. L. Finger. er al.: Cal(,al.eous rnic~r.ofossilsin the lon'er Monterey Formation, Culiforniu
Relizian and Luisian Stages are characterized by widespread
deposits of medium-depth origin."
The Santa Lucia Avenue sample was collected just above a
one-meter thick glauconitic and pelletal phosphatic interval
between the pecten-bearing neritic sandstone of the Vaqueros
Formation and the deep-water shale of the Monterey Formation. In the Salinas Basin, these thin glaucophosphorites are
believed to have been deposited at about 200 m on the tops
of sediment-starved, semi-isolated submarine banks intersected by the oxygen-minimum zone (Graham 1976, 1980;
Garrison et al. 1987). Thus, both lithologic and paleontologic
evidence support the conclusion that the Salinas Basin subsided rapidly in the late early Miocene. Similar interpreta-
tions of rapid basin subsidence have been proposed for the
Santa Barbara-Ventura Basin (Finger 1983) and the Cuyama
Basin (Lagoe 1987).
The fauna recovered in this study also indicates that an
oxygen-minimum zone existed in the Paso Robles Basin
throughout the late early to early middle Miocene period of
deposition represented. Among the species present that Ingle
(1980, 1985) lists as indicative of low-oxygen (0.1-1.0 mlll)
conditions are Chilostomella o ~ . o i d e a ,Kleinpella
californiensis, Suggrunda kleinpelli, and U1,igerina hoorsi.
Although Douglas (198 1) found that post-mortem transport
invalidated the interpretation of Suggrunda as a low-oxygen
indicator in his study off southern California, its affinity for
PLATE 5
1
Buliinina cf. B. hehespinara: GC-2, ECMP type number 38350, side view, x84.
2
Buliinina subacumirzara: GC-9, side view, UCMP type
number 38351, ~ 1 0 8 .
3
Bulimina suhcal~~a:
GC-13, UCMP type number
38352. side view, ~ 6 7 .
4
Bullininella elegantissima: GC-ISb, UCMP type
5-8
Buliminella subfusiformis: 5, GC-15d, UCMP type
number 38354, side view, ~ 8 4 . 6GC-8,
,
UCMP type
number 38355, side view, ~ 1 1 9 . 7GC-3,
,
UCMP type
9
19-21
U~igerinella californrca: 19, GC-9, microspheric
specimen, UCMP type number 38368, side view, ~ 5 6 .
20, GC-2. megaspheric specimen, UCMP type number 38369, side view, ~ 5 0 21.
. GC-2, microspheric
specimen, UCMP type number 38370, side view, x68.
22,23
C~~'igerinella
californica ornata: 2 2 , GC- I 5 c ,
megaspheric specimen, UCMP type number 38371,
side view, x78. 23, GC-7, microspheric specimen,
UCMP type number 38372, side view. x74.
24, 25
Vaginulina cf. V. renuis, GC-14, UCMP type number
38373, ~ 4 524,
: side view; 25, edge view.
number 38356, side
'Io4' % GC-3. UCMP
26, 27
Protoglobohulimlna pseudororra: GC-1, UCMP type
28-31
Mar;plrzulina crouclzi Finger and Lipps, n. sp.: 28, 29,
immature specimen, GC-1, paratype, UCMP type
number 38375, x50: 28, edge view; 29, side view. 30,
3 1, GC-5, holotype, UCMP type number 38376, x39:
30, edge view; 3 1, side view.
32, 33
Marginulirza sp., GC-9, UCMP type number 38377,
x45: 32, side view; 33, edge view.
34, 35
Marginulinopsis heali. GC-15d, UCMP type number
36-45
Enarztiodenralina muraii: 36, 37, GC-1, UCMP type
number 38379, x39: 36, edge view; 37, side view. 38,
39, GC-11, UCMP type number 38380, x39: 38, edge
view; 39, side view. 40,41, GC-4, UCMP type number
38381. x45: 40, edge view; 41, side view. 42, 43,
GC-14, UCMP type number 38382, x62: 42, edge
view; 43, side view. 44,45, GC-12, UCMP type number 38383, x28: 44, edge view; 45, side view.
10
Praeglohobulimina spinifera: GC-13, UCMP type
number 38359, side view, ~ 1 1 2 .
11- 14
Kleinpella californiensis: 11, GC-4, UCMP type number 38360, side view, ~ 6 7 12,
. GC-14, lost specimen,
side view, ~ 1 5 6 .13, GC-9, UCMP type number
38362, side view, ~ 8 4 . 1 4GC, 15d, UCMP type number 38363, side view, x74.
15
Clvigerina Izootsi: GC-15a, UCMP type number
38364, side view, ~ 7 8 .
16
Grligerina cf. U. Izispidocosrara: GC-10, UCMP type
17
Uvigerina cf. U . Izannai: GC-7, UCMP type number
38366, side view, ~ 7 8 .
18
Uvigerina subperegrina: GC-3, UCMP type number
38367, side view, ~ 6 7 .
Vuginn[irla cf, 1.:
GC-4, UCMP type number
micropaleonrology, volume 36, number I
PLATE 5
19
K . L. Finger et al.: Calcareous microfossils in the loktSerMonterey Fot.mution, Culifoi.nia
low-oxygen waters is uncontested in the Gulf of California
(Ingle and Keller 1980) and off northern California and
Central America (Ingle, personal comm.). Blake (1981b)
includes Bolivina advena ornata, Paracassidulrna delicata
(as Cassidiilina cushmani), and U~ligerinasubperegrina in
the low-oxygen biofacies. Although the oxygen-minimum
zone is most often associated with the upper slope, faintly
laminated mudstones common in Graves Creek indicate that
low-oxygen conditions often characterized the lower slope
on which these sediments were deposited. Because all of
these low-oxygen indicators have upper-depth limits above
1500 m, it is possible that many of them were living above
the depositional paleobathymetry of the Monterey Formation
in the Graves Creek area before being transported downslope.
CONCLUSIONS
Benthic foraminifers from the Santa Lucia AvenueJGraves
Creek section indicate that the sequence ranges in age from
the late Saucesian to early Luisian. Data from planktic foraminifers (Zones N6-N8) and calcareous nannofossils (Zones
CN2-CN4) support these correlations. Strontium isotope ratios date the section from about 17.85+0.10 Ma to 16.li0.1
Ma. The isotopic dates determined for the upper exposure
correlate with the upper Relizian stratotype and the upper part
of Zone CN3, which may be evidence that the upper boundaries of these biostratigraphic units are diachronous with
respect to their stratotypes. The mudstones which predominate the Graves Creek section were deposited as turbidites at
lower middle-bathyal water depths between 1500-2000 m.
Their lamination and microfauna suggest that the Salinas
Basin was subject to low-oxygen conditions during the interval of time in which these rocks were deposited.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We thank several colleagues for assisting us in this study: R. J.
Navarrette (Chevron Oil Field Research Company [COFRC]) for
processing some samples and examining the siliceous microfossil
slides, G. L. Armstrong (formerly COFRC) for assisting in the
preparation of microfaunal assemblage slides and scanning electron microscopy, D. J. DePaolo (University of California) for
analyzing the strontium isotopes and assisting in collecting the
Santa Lucia Avenue sample, R. L. Fleisher (Chevron Overseas
Production, Inc., San Ramon) for reviewing many of the planktic
microfossil identifications, and J. C. Ingle, Jr. (Stanford University), M. B. Lagoe (University of Texas, Austin), and W. A.
Berggren (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution) for reviewing
the manuscript. We are especially grateful to Mr. Fred Frank and
his parents for granting us permission to collect on their property.
COFRC was most generous in funding the research efforts of
Lipps, Weaver, and DePaolo. We thank both COFRC and Chevron U.S.A., Inc. (Western Region) for granting pem~issionto
publish this report. This is contribution number 1527 from the
California Museum of Paleontology.
SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY OF
FORAMINIFERA
K e n n e t h L. Finger a n d J e r e H . Lipps
Here we describe the new taxa of foraminifera discovered
during this study that are abundant or particularly distinctive.
Some other species, assigned a letter designation in our lists,
are also probably new but their occurrences are so rare that
we cannot be certain of their variation. These and all previously described species, as well as the new ones, are in-
PLATE 6
1-3 Buccella oregonensis, GC-5, UCMP type number
38384, x151: 1, spiral view; 2, edge view; 3, umbilical
view.
4-6 7-9 10-12
Ga~~elinopsis
holkos Finger and Lipps, n. sp., GC-4, holotype, UCMP type number 38385, ~ 2 2 44,
: spiral view; 5, edge view; 6, umbilical view.
Gavelinopsis durhami Finger and Lipps, n. sp., GC-4,
holotype, UCMP type number 38386, x118: 7, umbilical view; 8, edge view; 9, spiral view.
Rosaliiza californica Finger and Lipps, n. sp., GC-4,
h o l o t ~ ~UCMP
e,
type number
x112:
bilical view; 11, edge view: 12, spiral view.
383873
13-15 Epistominella smithi. GC-8, UCMP type number
38388, x95: 13, umbilical view; 14. edge view; 15.
spiral view.
16,
18,
25, 26
Megastomella capitanensis, GC-4, UCMP type number 38389, x80: 16, spiral view; 17, edge view; 18,
umbilical view. 25, 26, GC-I, immature specimen,
UCMP type number 38392, x168: 25, edge view; 26,
spiral view.
19-21 Megastomella pur.isima, GC-4, UCMP type number
38390, x99: 19, spiral view; 20, edge view; 21, umbilical view.
22-24
Pseudoparrella subperu~iana:2 2 - 2 4 , G C - 1S d ,
UCMP type number 3839 1, ~ 1 6 822,
: umbilical view;
23, edge view; 24, spiral view.
27, 28
Elphidium gr-anti, GC-15a, UCMP type number
38393, ~ 1 0 127,
: edge view; 28, spiral view.
29, 30
Planorbulina sp.: 29, GC-3, UCMP type number
38394, spiral view, ~ 1 7 530,
; GC-3. umbilical view,
~126.
micropaleontology, volume 36, number I
PLATE 6
21
K . L. Finger et ul.: Calcareous rnicrc~fi)ssilsin tlze lower Monterey Foi.nli~tion.Califol.t~ia
cluded in the taxonomiclist that follows this section, by
generic and specific names arranged alphabetically.
Our new taxa are grouped systematically according to the
recently published classification of the foraminifera by
Loeblich and Tappan (1987), although we do not necessarily
agree with aspects of their overall arrangement. Nevertheless,
the categories listed by Loeblich and Tappan (1987) are
clearly described, well illustrated, and conveniently arranged, and their work will undoubtedly become the standard
reference to foraminifera1 systematics. Thus we follow it in
our study. With few exceptions, our generic assignments are
also based on this reference.
All type specimens of foraminifers and ostracodes, including
the hypotypes of species figured on the plates but not newly
described, are deposited in the Museum of Paleontology,
University of California, Berkeley, as indicated by UCMP
followed by the catalog number of the specimen. In addition,
all Graves Creek samples collected by J. H. Lipps, H. Tappan,
and A. R. Loeblich, Jr. in 1964 are deposited in the UC
Museum of Paleontology, Berkeley.
Order FORAMlNlFERlDA Eichwald 1830
Suborder LAGENINA Delage and Herouard 1896
Superfamily NODOSARIACEA Ehrenberg 1838
Family NODOSARIIDAE Ehrenberg 1838
Subfamily NODOSARIINAE Ehrenberg 1838
Genus CHRYSALOGONIUM Schubert 1908
Chrysalogonium californiensis Finger and Lipps, n. sp.
Plate 1, figures 6, 7
Description: Test elongate, rectilinear, uniserial. Chambers
about five, initially spherical, later ovate. Proloculus spherical, with largest width of first four chambers. Sutures
straight, impressed in later parts of test, obscure between
initial three chambers. Aperture terminal, raised, pointed,
cribrate. Wall smooth.
Holotype: UCMP type number 3822 1.
T?pe localitj: Locality GC-12, Graves Creek, San Luis
Obispo County. California. Collected by J. H. Lipps, H.
Tappan, and A. R. Loeblich, Jr., 1964.
PLATE 7 14-16
Baggina californica, GC-9, UCMP type number
38402, x50: 14, umbilical view; 15, edge view; 16,
spiral view.
Chilostomina pustulosa: GC-3, internal view of fragmented specimen, UCMP type number 38396, x 10 1.
17-19
Nonionella miocenica, GC- 15b, UCMP type number
view.
Cancris haggi, GC-15a, topotype, UCMP type number 38403, x47: 17, spiral view: 18, edge view; 19,
umbilical view.
20-22
Nonionellina miller; Finger and Lipps, n. sp., GC- 15c,
holotype, UCMP type number 38398, x94: 7, edge
view; 8, side view.
I4~11,ulineriamiocenica, GC-13, UCMP type number
23-28
Vah~ulineriacalifornica, GC-15d: 23-25, UCMP type
number 38405, x52: 23, umbilical view; 24. edge
view; 25, spiral view. 26-28, UCMP type number
29-31
I'ah~ulineria mhusta, GC-2, UCMP type number
1,2
Chilostomella ovoidea: l , 2 , GC- 13, UCMP type number 38395, x56: 1, side view; 2, side view rotated 45".
3
4-6
7, 8
9. 10
Psezidononion hasispinatum, GC-2, UCMP type number 38399, x95: 9, edge view; 10, side view.
11, 12
Pseudononion costiferum, GC- 15b, UCMP type number 38400. x79: 11, side view; 12, edge view.
13
Sphaeroidina chilostomata: GC-6, UCMP type number 38401, apertural side view, ~ 1 4 2 .
Finger; Lipps, Weaw-r, and Miller
micro pale onto log^, \,olume 36, number I
PLATE 7
23
K . L. Finger er a/.: Calcc.rreoz~.smicrofossils iri the loct3erMoritel.ey Formation. California
Discussion: C , cal$orniensis is a distinctive species, recognizable by its terminal, pointed, cribrate aperture. Its narrow
stratigraphic occurrence may prove of biostratigraphic use,
if the species is recognized and separated from other
nodosariids.
Discussion; This species differs from other Dentalina in the
California Miocene and elsewhere by its rather straight test
with angular appearance imparted by a few ribs extending the
length of the test. The ribs are particularly pronounced where
they cross the sutures.
Occurrence: This species is very rare in the latest Saucesian
and earliest Relizian samples (GC- 12, - 13) in Graves Creek.
It has yet to be recorded elsewhere in the California Miocene.
Occurrence: The species occurs very rarely at the type locality, GC-9, lower Relizian, Graves Creek. It has yet to be
recorded elsewhere in the California Miocene.
Etjmology: The species is named for the state of California.
Etymology: The species is named for the town of Atascadero,
California.
Genus DENTALINA Risso 1826
Dentalina lagoei Finger and Lipps, n. sp.
Plate 1, figure 11
Dentalina atascaderoensis Finger and Lipps, n. sp.
Plate 1, figure 12
Description: Test free, large, uniserial, elongate, straight to
very slightly arcuate, angular edges. Chambers numerous,
nearly spherical in side view, well rounded on one side and
less rounded on the opposite side. Sutures distinct, wide, with
angular ribs crossing them. Aperture radiate, centrally located on end of chamber. Wall ornamented with angular ribs
extending length of test.
Description: Test free, uniserial, elongate, slightly arcuate,
bilaterally symmetrical. Chambers four in number, tear-drop
shaped, about 3/4 as wide as long, slightly rounded on concave
side of test, curved in outline on convex side of test. Sutures
distinct, thin. impressed, oblique to length of test. Aperture
radiate, small, offset at top of ultimate chamber on concave
side of test. Wall smooth.
Holotype: UCMP type number 38226.
Type locality: Locality GC-9, Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo
County, California. Collected by J. H. Lipps, H. Tappan, and
A. R. Loeblich, Jr., 1964.
Type locality: Locality GC-13, Graves Creek, San Luis
Obispo County, California. Collected by J. H. Lipps, H.
PLATE 8 1-3 Anonzalinoides salinasensis, GC-lSa, UCMP type
number 38408, x69: 1, umbilical view; 2, edge view;
3, spiral view.
19-21
Hanzawaia cf. H . crassisepta, GC-14, UCMP type
number 38416, x65: 19, umbilical view; 20, edge
view; 21, spiral view.
4-6 Cibicides punzilus Finger and Lipps, n. sp., GC-1,
holotype, UCMP type number 38409, ~ 1 6 84,: spiral
view; 5, edge view; 6, umbilical view.
22-25
7-9 Cibicidoides cuslzmani. GC-8, UCMP type number
38410, x86: 7, umbilical view; 8, edge view; 9, spiral
view.
Globocassidulina neopulchella Finger and Lipps, n.
sp.. GC-9, paratype. UCMP type number 38417, ~ 8 4 :
22, edge view; 23, side view. 24,25, GC-1, holotype,
UCMP type number 38418, x97: 24, edge view; 25,
side view.
26, 27
Globocassidulina neomargareta Finger and Lipps, n.
sp., GC-13, holotype, UCMP type number 38419,
28-30
Ruthe$ordoides cal$or~ziensis,GC-12, UCMP type
number 38420, ~ 1 0 828,
: edge view; 29, side view;
30, opposite edge view.
31, 32
lslandiella carinata, GC-8, UCMP type number
38421, x95: 3 1, edge view; 32, side view.
33, 34
Islandiella modeloensis, GC-3, UCMP type number
38422, x67: 33. edge view; 34, side view.
10-14 Holmanella baggi: 10- 12, GC-4, UCMP type number
3841 1, x63: 10, side view; 11, edge view; 12. opposite
side view. 13, GC-3, UCMPtype number 38412, edge
view (note aperture), ~ 1 2 3 14,
. GC-3, UCMP type
number 38413, edge view (note aperture), ~ 1 0 8 .
15-18 Hanzawaia depaoloi Finger and Lipps, n. sp.: 15-17,
GC-9, holotype, UCMP type number 38414, ~ 6 7 15,
:
umbilical view; 16, edge view; 17, spiral view. 18,
GC-3, lost specimen, spiral view (note aperture),
x148.
rnicropaleontology, volume 36, number I
PLATE 8
25
K. L. Finger et al.: Calcareous microfossils in the lou,er Monterey Formation. California
Discussion: This species differs from other Dentalina in the
Graves Creek section and elsewhere by its small size, few
chambers, and the relative large width to length ratio of the
chambers. It occurs rarely in the lower Relizian at Graves
Creek. It has yet to be recorded elsewhere.
Etymology. The species is named in honor of Dr. Martin B.
Lagoe of the University of Texas in recognition of his continuing contributions to California Tertiary biostratigraphy.
Dentalina pseudoobliqua Finger and Lipps, n. sp.
Plate 1, figure 10
Description; Test free, uniserial, elongate, narrow, slightly
arcuate, bilaterally symmetrical. Chambers eight, nearly
equidimensional, rounded in side views. Sutures distinct,
thin, depressed, more or less straight. Aperture radiate, small,
on small protuberance located on top of terminal chamber
and offset toward concave side of test. Wall smooth.
Holotype; UCMP type number 38224.
Tbye locality: Locality GC-4, Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo
Discussion: This species is the most common Dentalina in
the California Miocene. It has been recognized in California
under the name D . obliqua (LinnC) for many years; however,
it differs from that species in having more chambers, a
straighter test, and a smooth (vs. finely ribbed) surface. It can
be distinguished from other Dentalina in the Graves Creek
section and elsewhere in the California Miocene by its numerous rounded and equidimensional chambers.
Occurrence: D . pseudoobliqua is rare to common in the
Relizian and Luisian at Graves Creek. It ranges throughout
the Monterey Formation at other localities.
Etymology: The species is named D . pseudoobliqua in order
to distinguish it from the nomen to which it has often been
assigned, D. obliqua, while easing recognition of this well
known form.
Genus NODOSARIA Lamarck 18 12
Nodosaria franki Finger and Lipps, n. sp.
Plate 1, figure 18
Description: Test free, straight, large, most commonly broken, elongate, uniserial. Chambers spherical. Sutures thin,
distinct, impressed. Aperture terminal and central. Wall with
numerous well-developed and slightly oblique ribs, which
are pinched across sutures.
Holotype; UCMP type number 38232.
fipe locality: Locality GC-8, Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo
PLATE 9 1-3
Gyroidina healdi, GC-11, UCMP type number 38423,
x102: 1, umbilical view; 2, edge view; 3, spiral view.
21
Flandicularia cf. F. bulbosa: GC-1, UCMP type number 3843 1, side view, x64.
4-6
Gyroidina rosaformrs, GC-15a, UCMP type number
38424, x 168: 4, umbilical view; 5, edge view; 6, spiral
view.
22
Prosifrons adl'ena: GC-8, UCMP type number 38432,
side view, x40.
7-12
Hansenisca rotundimargo: 7-9, diagentically compressed form, GC-12, UCMP type number 38425,
x78: 7, spiral view; 8, edge view; 9, umbilical view.
10-12, GC-15d, UCMP type number 38426, x95: 10,
umbilical view; 11, edge view; 12, spiral view.
23
Plectofrondicularia californica: GC- 1, UCMP type
24-26
Parafrondicularia miocenica: 24, GC-9, UCMP type
number 38434, side view, ~ 3 4 . 2 5GC-3,
,
UCMP type
number 38435, side view, ~ 4 526,
. GC-9, lost specimen, side view, x39.
27, 28
Pullenia miocenica, GC-15d, UCMP type number
38437, ~ 1 2 927,
: edge view; 28, side view.
29, 30
Pullenia malkinae, GC-3, UCMPtype number 38438,
31, 32
Pullenia inglei Finger and Lipps, n. sp., GC-4, holotype, UCMP type number 38439, x73: 3 1, side view;
32, edge view.
1315, 19
Oridorsalis subtenera, GC-6: 13- 15, UCMP type
number 38427, ~ 1 0 4 13,
: spiral view; 14, edge view;
15, umbilical view. 19, UCMP type number 38428,
spiral view (arrow points to secondary sutural opening), ~ 1 3 4 .
16-18
Oridorsalis umbonata, GC-8, UCMP type number
38429, x126: 16, spiral view; 17, edge view; 18,
umbilical view.
20
Frondicularia sp. A: GC-15d, lost specimen, side
view, ~ 5 4 .
PLATE 9
27
K . L. Finger. et a/.: Calcareous nzic~rofossilsin the lo~herMonterey Fornzation, California
Discussion: This species is distinguished by its obliquely
ribbed test. Complete specimens are not found, but isolated
and multiple chamber segments occur. These broken specimens are easily recognized by their ornamentation.
Type locality: Locality GC-lSa, below the Monterey Road
bridge over Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo County, California. Collected by J. H. Lipps, H. Tappan, and A. R. Loeblich,
Jr., 1964.
Occurrence: The species is uncommon, although it occurs in
several samples in the lower Relizian at Graves Creek. It has
also been reported in the late Saucesian of the Indian Creek
section.
Discussion: Nodosaria ohispoensis is characterized by its
irregular alternation of chamber offsets from the central line
of the test. The irregular barrel-shaped chambers and relatively large spherical proloculus distinguish this species from
others.
Etymology: This species is named for the Frank family on
whose land the Graves Creek outcrops are located. Occurrence: The species occurs in the lowest Relizian sample
and in the highest Luisian samole collected in Graves Creek.
It is also f o u i d in the Luisian bn San Clemente Island.
Nodosaria obispoensis Finger and Lipps, n. sp.
Plate 1, figure 17 Description: Test free, uniserial, elongate, irregularly
straight due to slight misalignment of chambers. Chambers
flattened in outline on top and bottom, curved on sides,
slightly irregular in shape, and generally smaller than proloculus. Sutures very distinct, wide, straight. Proloculus relatively large and spherical. Aperture radiate, central, Wall
omnnth
JLIIWWLIL.
Etymology: This species name is derived from its occurrence
in San Luis Obispo County, California.
NOdOsariaweaveri Finger and
figures 19, 20
n. spa
Test free, llniseria1>
very
curved. Chambers equidimensional in outline, flattened
slightly on top and bottom, rounded on sides, generally
smaller than proloculus. Proloculus relatively large and
spherical with apical spines. Sutures distinct, deep, narrow,
PLATE 10 1
Gaudryina pliocenlca, SL-1, UCMP type number
2
Lagerla cf. L. pliocenica, SL-1, UCMP type number
38441, side view, ~ 1 6 8 .
3
Bolivrna salinasensis, GC-7, UCMP type number
38442, side view, x112.
4
Fursenkoina sp. E, GC-4, UCMP type number 38443,
5
Pifarina fluens, SL-1, UCMP type number 38444,
6,7
Marginulinopsis sp., SL- 1, UCMP type number
8,9
Astacolus sp. H , SL-1. UCMP type number 38446,
10-12
Glohigerirla connecta?, GC-10, UCMP type number
38447, ~ 1 6 8 10,
: umbilical view; 11, edge view; 12,
spiral view.
13-15
Globigerirla cf. G . woodi, SL-1, UCMP type number
38448, ~ 1 6 8 13,
spiral view.
16-18
Glohigerinella obesa, GC-7, UCMP type number
38449, ~ 1 1 2 16,
spiral view.
19-21
Glohrgerinoides altiaperturus, GC-5, UCMP type
view; 2 1, spiral view.
22-24
Glohoquadrina haroemoenensis, SL- I, UCMP type
25-27
Globorotalia cf. Glc acrostoma, SL-1, UCMP type
number 38452, ~ 1 6 8 25,
: umbilical view; 26, edge
28-30
Globorotalia birnageae, GC-14, UCMP type number
38453, ~ 1 6 828,
spiral view.
3 1-33
Protentella proli.xa?, GC- 12, UCMP type number
38454, ~ 1 6 8 31,
: spiral view; 32, edge view; 33,
umbilical view.
micropaleontologg. volume 36, number 1
PLATE 10
29
K . L. Finger er al.: Calcareous rnic.rofossils in the lower Monrerey Formation. California
straight. Aperture radiate, central, protruding on raised tip at
end of chamber. Wall smooth.
between later chambers. Aperture a slit at peripheral angle
slightly protruding from ultimate chamber. Wall smooth.
Holotype: UCMP type number 38233
Paratype: UCMP type number 38300.
Discussion: The species is distinguished from N. obispoensis
Finger and Lipps by its evenly placed and squatter chambers,
protruding aperture, and apical spines.
Occurrence: The species occurs throughout the Saucesian
and Relizian interval of the Graves Creek section. It has yet
to be recorded elsewhere.
Etymology: We name this species in honor of our colleague
and coauthor on the interpretive part of this paper, Mr. John
C. B. Weaver of Davis, California.
Family VAGINULINIDAE Reuss 1860
Subfamily LENTICULININAE Chapman, Parr, and Collins 1934
Genus LENTICULINA Lamarck 1804
Lenticulina atascaderoensis Finger and Lipps, n. sp.
Plate 3 , figures 35-37
Description: Test planispiral, ovate to elliptical in side view,
laterally compressed, biumbonate with very slight boss in
some specimens, periphery sharp to slightly keeled. Chambers 7 to 9, low with maximum width about twice the height,
last chamber tends to flare and in some specimens becoming
very elongate and extending partially over both sides of
previous whorl. Sutures slightly curved, incised especially
Discussion: This species resembles L. reedi (Kleinpell) but
differs from it and other California Miocene Lenticulina by
the tendency for its ultimate chamber to elongate and partially
overlap the previous whorl. In some cases, such as the paratype illustrated, the entire test appears rather elongated with
the aperture pointing up and away from the test.
Occurrence: At Graves Creek, Lenticulina atascaderoensis
is rare to abundant in the Saucesian, very rare in samples low
in the Relizian, and frequent in the upper Relizian and Luisian. It also occurs in the Saucesian and Relizian at Naples
Beach and in the Luisian at Indian Creek.
Etymology: The species is named for the town of Atascadero,
which incorporates its type locality.
Lenticulina sandholdtana Finger and Lipps, n. sp.
Plate 3 , figures 41, 4 2
Description: Test planispiral, ovate in side view, laterally
moderately compressed, flaring out on both sides above
center line of test in apertural view, biumbonate, slightly
keeled. Chambers 7 to 8, relatively broad with width about
1 V2 times the height, ultimate chamber flaring broadly just
above umbilicus. Sutures nearly straight, very slightly in-
PLATE 11
1-3
Catapsydrax stainforthi, GC- 13, UCMP type number
38455, ~ 1 6 81,: umbilical view; 2, edge view; 3, spiral
view.
4-6
Globrgerina bulloides, GC-15a, UCMP type number
view.
7-9
Globigerina cf. G . woodi, GC-9, UCMP type number
38457, x168: 7, umbilical view; 8, edge view; 9, spiral
view.
10-12
Globigerina praebulloides, GC-7, UCMP type number 38458, x168: 10, spiral view; 11, edge view; 12,
umbilical view.
13-15
Globigerina pseudociperoensis, GC-6, UCMP type
16, 17
Globigerinita uvula, GC-15b, UCMP type number
38460, ~ 3 3 6 :16, oblique umbilical/side view; 17,
spiral view.
18-20
Globigerina quinqueloba, GC-3, UCMP type number
38461, ~ 2 4 1 :18, spiral view; 19, edge view; 20,
umbilical view.
21, 22
Globigerinita glutinata, GC-15a, UCMP type number
38462, ~ 1 9 621,
: spiral view; 22, umbilical view.
23-25
Tenuitellinata angustiumbilicata, GC- 15a, UCMP
type number 38463, ~ 1 8 523,
: spiral view; 24, edge
view; 25, umbilical view.
26, 27
Globigerinita glutinata, GC-7, UCMP type number
38464, ~ 2 2 4 26,
: spiral view; 27, umbilical view.
PLATE I 1
31
K . L. Finger- et 01.: Calcareous microfossils in the lower- Monterey Formation, California
dented. Aperture radiate, at peripheral angle slightly protruding from ultimate chamber. Wall smooth.
curved, somewhat indented. Aperture terminal, radiate. Wall
smooth.
Holotype: Specimen lost.
Lectotype: UCMP type number 38303.
Paratype: UCMP type number 38375, immature specimen
Discussion: Lenticulina sandholtana is characterized by its
flared ultimate chamber. This chamber is very broad just
above the umbilicus on either side of the test, but narrows
rapidly towards the aperture.
Occurrence: The species was found intermittently throughout the upper Saucesian to lower Luisian section in the Graves
Creek area, varying in abundance from very rare to frequent.
It has not been recorded elsewhere in California.
7 j p e locality: Locality GC-5, Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo
Discussion: This species is characterized by its inflated
chambers which give the test an overall broadly rounded
appearance. The test is nearly as thick as it is wide. It
resembles Marginulinopsis beali but is readily differentiated
by its rounded (vs. acute) planispiral edge.
Etymology: The species is named for the Sandholdt Member
of the Monterey Formation, in which it is occurs.
Occurr-ence: M. crouchi occurs in six of the upper eight
samples in the Relizian at Graves Creek, although in rare to
very rare abundances. It is also found in the Relizian and
Luisian of the Indian Creek section, and in the Luisian at
Naples Beach.
Subfamily MARGINULININAE Wedekind 1937
Genus MARGINULINA d ' o r b i g n y 1826
Etymology: The species is named in the memory of Robert
W. Crouch, a California micropaleontologist.
Marginulina crouchi Finger and Lipps, n. sp.
Plate 5 , figures 28-3 1
Description: Test elongate, planispiral in initial whorl and
uniserial thereafter, nearly as wide as thick, biumbonate,
periphery broadly rounded. Chambers 6, inflated, relatively
broad with width about 11/2 times the height. Sutures slightly
Family ELLIPSOLAGENIDAE Silvestri 1923
Subfamily ELLIPSOLAGENINAE Silvestri 1923
Genus DUPLELLA Patterson and Richardson 1987
Duplella baggi Finger and Lipps, n. sp.
Plate 2, figures 30-3 1
PLATE 12 1, 2
3-5
Globigerinoidespri~?~ordius-Gln.
altiaperturus transitional form, GC-3, destroyed specimen, x154: 1, spiral
view, ~ 1 1 2 2,
; spiral view of same specimen after
ultimate chamber and umbilical side broke off, rotated
45" counterclockwise and tilted to reveal penultimate
secondary sutural aperture, x 168.
Globigerinoides altiaperturus, GC-8, lost specimen,
x300: 3, umbilical view; 4, edge view; 5, spiral view.
(Note: This specimen has slightly eroded apertures)
6, 7
Globigerinoides quadrilobatus, GC-15a, UCMP type
number 38467, ~ 1 4 06,: umbilical view; 7, spiral view.
8- 10
Globoquadrina venezuelana, GC- 1, UCMP type number 38468, x112: 8, spiral view; 9, edge view; 10,
umbilical view.
11-13
Neogloboquadrina continuosa, GC-5, UCMP type
number 38469, ~ 1 6 8 11,
: spiral view; 12, edge view;
13, umbilical view.
14- 16
Globorotalia zealandica, GC-1, UCMP type number
38470, ~ 1 4 0 :14, spiral view; 15, edge view; 16,
umbilical view.
17-19
Globor-otalia mayer-i, GC-6, UCMP type number
38471, x110: 17, umbilical view; 18, edge view; 19,
spiral view.
20-22
Globorotalia zealandica - Glr.praescitula transitional
form, GC-3, UCMP type number 38472, x168: 20,
umbilical view; 21, edge view; 22, spiral view.
23-25
Globorotalia praescitula, GC-3, UCMP type number
38473, x168: 23, spiral view; 24, edge view; 25,
umbilical view.
26-28
Globorotaloides suter-i, GC-11, UCMP type number
38474, ~ 1 6 826,
spiral view.
PLATE 12
33
K. L. Finger et al.: Calcareous microfossils in the lower Montere! For.nlat~on.C a l ~ f o r n ~ u
Description: Test unilocular, broadly fusiform in side view,
circular in apertural view, pointed at both ends. Aperture o f
two holes, one on either side o f terminus with bridge in
between, with bifurcated entosolenian tube. Wall smooth.
Discussion: Although very rare, D . lacrima is distinctive
because o f its nearly spherical chamber with a compressed
and pointed apertural protuberance.
Occurrence: This species is very rare in one Relizian sample
from Graves Creek. It has not been recorded elsewhere in
California.
Type locality: Locality GC-15b, Graves Creek, San Luis
Obispo County, California. Collected by J . H . Lipps, H .
Tappan, and A . R. Loeblich, Jr., 1964.
Discussion: Dupella baggi is easily recognized by its fusiform test and, on closer inspection, its bifurcated aperture.
Occurrence: This species occurs very rarely and intermittently in the middle Relizian to Luisian interval at Graves
Creek. It has not been recorded elsewhere in California.
Etymology: The species is named in honor o f Rufus M. Bagg, Jr.,
who was the first to describe foraminifers from the banks o f
Graves Creek.
Duplella lacrima Finger and Lipps, n. sp.
Plate 2 , figures 32, 33
Description: Test unilocular, tear-drop shaped in side view,
nearly round in apertural view, compressed and pointed at
apertural end. Aperture o f two narrow slits, one on either side
o f apical end with narrow bridge in between, with bifurcated
entosolenian tube. Wall smooth.
Holotype: UCMP type number 3828 1 .
County, California. Collected by J . H . Lipps, H . Tappan, and
A . R. Loeblich, Jr., 1964.
Etymology: The species derives its name from the Latin term
lacrima, in reference to its tear-drop shape.
Genus FISSURINA Reuss 1850
Fissurina gravesensis Finger and Lipps, n. sp.
Plate 2 , figures 5 , 6
Description: Test unilocular, ovate in side and apertural
views. Aperture apical, a long narrow slit o f nearly uniform
width. Wall relatively coarsely perforate.
Type locality: Locality GC-ISb, Graves Creek, San Luis
Obispo County, California. Collected by J. H . Lipps, H .
Tappan, and A . R . Loeblich, Jr., 1964.
Discussion: Fissurinagravesensis is characterized b y its very
slightly compressed ovate shape, rounded edge, and relatively coarsely perforate surface. This species occurs in very
rare abundance in a few o f the Relizian and Luisian samples
from Graves Creek. It has not been recorded elsewhere in
California.
Etymology: The species is named for its type locality in
Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo County, California.
PLATE 13 1,2
Ambostracon sp. A , GC-3, carapace, UCMP type
number 38234, x73: 1, dorsal view; 2, right lateral
view.
3
Ambostracon sp. B , GC-3, right lateral view o f lost
carapace (with foraminifer cemented onto ventral
margin), x73.
4, 5
Loxoconcha c f .L. tamarindoidea Swain, GC-4, carapace, UCMP type number 3825 1, x109: 4, left lateral
view; 5, dorsal view.
9, 10
Pectocythere sp., GC-3, carapace, UCMP type number 38256, x100: 9, left lateral view; 10, dorsal view.
11
"Hermanites" sp., GC-4, left valve, UCMP type number 38257, ~ 1 3 6 .
12, 13
Kangarina sp., GC-15d, carapace, UCMP type number 38264, ~ 2 2 8 12,
: left valve; 13, dorsal view.
14
Aurila c f .A. dril~er-i(LeRoy),GC-3,left valve, UCMP
type number 38304, x8 1 .
6
Paracosta c f .P. huddlestoniFinger, GC-3,right valve,
UCMP type number 38252, x73.
15
Hemicytherura sp., GC-1, left valve, UCMP type
number 38320, ~ 1 3 6 .
7,8
Coquimba c f . C . schencki (LeRoy),GC-3, carapace,
UCMP type number 38254, x109: 7 , left lateral view;
8, dorsal view.
16, 17
"Microcythemr-a" sp., GC-4, carapace, UCMP type
number 38333, x91: 16, left lateral view; 17, dorsal
view.
Finger, Lipps. Weaver, and Miller
PLATE 13
35
K . L. Finger er al.: Calcareous microjbssils in the lowber.Monterrq' Form~rion.Ctrlifi~r~~ia
Fissurina longipunctata Finger and Lipps, n. sp.
Description: Test unilocular, fusiform in side view, ovate in
cross section, rounded at oral end, pointed at aboral end,
periphery keeled. Aperture a narrow slit on an extended neck,
with thick lip formed by peripheral keel splitting around
aperture. Wall with numerous very coarse punctae tending
toward linear arrangement from oral to aboral ends of test.
Discussion: This is the species inaccurately assigned by
Kleinpell (1938) to F. marginata Seguenza. Fissurina
natlandi is most similar to F. tricostata Pierce, but differs by
its rounder shape and more prominent lateral ridges and
peripheral keel.
This is the most common Fissurina in the
T~~~ locality: ~
~ GC-11,~ G~~~~~~ c r e e k , l sari ~~i~
i
~Occurretzce:
~
Creek
section,
occurring in the majority of samples
~
~
,
obispo c o u n t y , california. collected by J. H. ~
i H. ~ Graves
where it is very rare to rare in abundance. It has also been
recorded in the Luisian on San Clemente Island.
Discussion: F. longipur~ctatais readily distinguished from
Etymology: The species is named in honor of Dr. Manley L.
other Fissurina in the California Miocene by its narrow-ovate
Natland for his significant contributions toward our undershape, very coarsely punctate surface, and well-developed
standing of the West Coast Neogene foraminifera1 fauna.
keel. This species occurs very rarely in samples from the
lower ~ e l i z i a nat Graves Creek. It has not been recorded
Fissurina quasimarginata Finger and Lipps, n. sp.
elsewhere in California.
Etymology: The species name is derived from the Latin long
Description: Test unilocular, broadly ovate in side view,
+ punctata in reference to the elongate shape and punctate
fusiform in apertural view, with slight peripheral keel. Apersurface of its test.
ture apical, a long narrow slit widest in center, with thick lip
formed by peripheral keel splitting around aperture. Wall
Fissurina natlandi Finger and Lipps, n. sp.
finely perforate.
Description: Test unilocular, slightly ovate in side view,
fusiform in apertural view, with raised ridge circumscribing
central area on each side and nearly perpendicular to thick
peripheral keel. Aperture apical, a short narrow slit widest in
center, with thick lip formed by peripheral keel splitting
Disc,ussion: Fissurir~aquasinzarginata is distinguished by its
around aperture. Wall coarsely punctate in raised central area,
broadly ovate test with slight keel and broad apertural area.
finely perforate elsewhere.
PLATE 14
la, b
Coccolithus miopelagicus, GC-2: a, crossed polarizers; b, Nomarski.
2
Reticulofenestra gartneri, SL-1, crossed polarizers.
3, 4
Reticulofenestra gartneri, GC-2, crossed polarizers
5
Helicosphaera intermedia, GC- 12, crossed polarizers.
6
Helicosphaera mediterratzea, SL- 1, crossed polarizers.
7
Helicosphaera carteri, CRC-439 19-8 (= GC-3),
crossed polarizers.
8
9a, b
Helicosphaera carteri, GC- 1Sa, crossed polarizers.
Helicosphaera ampliaperta, GC-11: a, crossed polarizers; b, Nomarski.
10a, b
Helicosphaera an~pliaperta,CRC-43919-8 (= GC-3):
a, crossed polarizers; b, Nomarski.
I 1a13b
Helicosphaera scissura, CRC-439 19-8 (= GC-3),
paired proximal views showing moderate to well-developed terminal flange: a, crossed polarizers; b,
Nomarski.
14a, b
Helicosphaera scissura, CRC-43919-8 (= GC-3), distal view showing moderate to well-developed terminal
flange: a, crossed polarizers; b, Nomarski.
15-17
Helicosphaera scissura, CRC-439 19-8 (= GC-3),
proximal views; note terminal flange in figs. 15 and
16 (broken off in fig. 17) and possible remnant of
central bridge in fig. 15; scanning electron micrographs, ~ 4 5 0 0 .
PLATE 14
w
BDUB
ymrg!!JB
B
~b
10a
lob
11a
lib
37
K . L. Finger et a / . : Calcareous microfossils in the 1 o ~ ' eMonterey
r
Formation, Calrforn~a
Occurrence: This species occurs rarely in intermittent samples in the Saucesian and lower Relizian at Graves Creek. It
has also been recorded in the Luisian on San Clemente Island.
pressed, and more crenulate than B. floridarza, and it most
likely derives from B. advena, a noncrenulated species common in the California Miocene.
Etymology: The species name is derived from the Latin quasi
+ marginata in reference to its slight keel.
Occurrence: In the Graves Creek section, B. hlakei is restricted to the Relizian, ranging from very rare to abundant.
At Indian Creek and Naples Beach, it is abundant and nearly
restricted to the Relizian. It occurs less commonly in the
Saucesian and Luisian at Indian Creek and in the Luisian on
San Clemente Island.
Suborder ROTALIINA Delage and HCrouard 1896
Superfamily BOLIVINACEA Glaessner 1937
Family BOLIVINIDAE Glaessner 1937
Genus BOLIVINA d ' o r b i g n y 1839
Etymology: The species is named for Dr. Gregg H. Blake of
UNOCAL, a specialist on California Neogene foraminifera.
Bolivina blakei Finger and Lipps, n. sp.
Plate 4 , figure 12
Description: Test elongate, tapering, moderately compressed, moderately twisted, gradually tapering to the proloculus. Chambers numerous, about eight pairs, four times
wider than high. Sutures distinct, slightly depressed, crenulate. Aperture a narrow loop at base of apertural face, bordered by thick and imperforate lip on one margin. Wall
moderately perforate except on apertural face where it is
smooth.
Holotype: UCMP type number 383 14
Discussion: This California species has been referred to for
many years by Kleinpell (1938) and others as B. floridana
Cushman, a somewhat homeomorphic species from the
Miocene of Florida. B. blakei is relatively wider, more com-
Superfamily CASSIDULINACEA d ' o r b i g n y 1839
Family CASSIDULINIDAE d ' o r b i g n y 1839
Subfamily CASSIDULININAE dlOrbigny 1839
Genus GLOBOCASSIDULINA Voloshinova 1960
Globocassidulina neomargareta Finger and Lipps, n. sp.
Plate 8 , figures 26, 27
Description: Test relatively small, subglobular in side view,
ovate in edge view, enrolled throughout ontogeny. Chambers
biserially arranged with obscure sutures. Aperture a curved
slit with broadly triangular cristate tooth within depression
along proximal edge of ultimate chamber. Wall smooth.
PLATE 15
1a-2b
Sphenolith~ishelemnos, SL- 1, crossed polarizers.
16
Discoaster adamanteus, GC-11, Nomarski.
3a-4b
Sphenolithus heteromorphus, CRC-43919-8 (= GC3), crossed polarizers.
17
Discoaster exilis, GC-lSa, Nomarski.
5, 6
Sphenolithus morijormis, GC-15a, crossed polarizers.
18
Discoaster signus, GC-lSa, Nomarski.
7
Lithostromation perdurum, GC-1, crossed polarizers.
19
Discoaster variahilis, GC- 1, Nomarski.
8
Coronocycl~isnitescens, SL- 1, crossed polarizers.
20
Discoaster variahilis, GC- 1Sa, Nomarski.
9
Pontosphaera vigintiforata, GC- lSa, crossed polarizers.
21-23
Discoaster variabilis var., GC-1, Nomarski, showing
enlarged central area.
10
Cyc1icar;golithusfloridanus, GC-I, crossed polarizers.
24
Discoaster variabilis var.?,GC-I, Nomarski, showing
enlarged central area with tapering rays and slightly
notched ray termini.
25
Discoaster deflandrei, GC-1, Nomarski.
26, 27
Discoaster deflandrei, GC-2, Nomarski.
11
Cyclicargolithusfloridanus,GC- 1Sa, crossed polarizers.
12, 13
Discoaster cf. D. intercalaris, GC-1, Nomarski.
14, 15
Discoaster stellulus, GC- 1, Nomarski.
PLATE 15
Finger, Lipps. Weaver, and Miller
*9
I
-
'h
"P-
19
>I
'
b 20
. - -7
$,
21
b
'.
r.
r
$IF
22
I
-h
23
5u
39
K . L. Fiilger et al.: Calcureous n~icrqfossilsin the low7ei. Mor~terejFol.rnation. Caiifoi'r~ia
Discussion: Globocassidulina neonzargareta includes specimens long designated as Cassidulina niar*gareta Karrer by
Kleinpell (1938) and others. The California specimens, however, are dissimilar from that Austrian species and are therefore recognized as a new species. G . neomargareta is
distinguished by its subglobular test, very broadly rounded
periphery, and distinctive aperture.
Occurrence: The species is found very rarely to frequently
in the Saucesian and lower Relizian of Graves Creek. It
commonly occurs in the Saucesian and Relizian section along
Naples Beach. Regional literature suggests that the species
ranges from Zemorrian to Mohnian, although the Mohnian
age may be based on juveniles of another species.
Etymology: The species is named neomargareta in order to
distinguish it from margareta, to which it has been often
referred, while easing recognition of this well known form.
Globocassidulina neopulchella Finger and Lipps, n. sp.
Plate 8 , figures 22-25
Description: Test lenticular, flattened laterally, periphery
subrounded to subacute. Chambers distinct, 11 in final whorl,
biserial, about thrice as long as wide, flattened to slightly
inflated, about 1/3 of length visible on opposite side of test.
Sutures well defined, slightly to sharply incised, recurved.
Aperture peripheral, basal, an elongate curved slit extending
about half way up the apertural face of the chamber, with low
elongate cristate tooth along inner edge. Wall finely to moderately perforate.
Description: Test elongate, tapering, round in cross-section,
microspheric form triserial in early stage, megalospheric
form biserial (nearly uniserial) in early stage, both forms
uniserial later, 20-30 weak to well-developed striae or fine
costae. Chambers inflated, broad, low. Sutures straight, incised, scalloped at costae. Aperture terminal, raised on short
neck with phialine lip. Wall finely costate, smooth to finely
perforate between costae.
Par-atypes: UCMP type numbers 38337-38340 and 38342.
A. R . Loeblich, Jr., 1964.
Discussion: This species differs from the other California
Rei-tuvigerina by its very fine and relatively numerous costae.
This is probably the same faintly striate unnamed variety of
Siphogenerina hughesi Cushman referred to but not illustrated by Woodring and Bramlette (1951) and Kleinpell
(1980, p. 33).
Occurrence: R. loeblichi is characteristic of the Relizian in
Graves Creek, ranging from very rare to abundant. It is also
found in the Relizian of Indian Creek. Rectuvigerina populations dominated by this morphotype are only found in the
Relizian. Elsewhere in the California Miocene, striate
Rectu\>lgerina occur as occasional and rare variants in large
populations of R. branneri and R . huglzesi.
Etytnology: The species is named for Dr. Alfred R. Loeblich,
Jr., who assisted Lipps in 1964 in the collection of the original
Graves Creek material, on which this study is largely based.
7)pe locality: Locality GC-1, Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo
Discussion: This California species has been referred to for
many years by Kleinpell (1938) and others as Cassidulirla
pulchella d'orbigny, a Recent species with a more jagged
periphery found off Peru. G. neopulchella is characterized by
its compressed test, subacute to subrounded edge, and distinctive aperture.
Occurrence: At Graves Creek, this species is restricted to the
Relizian. Kleinpell (1938) reported this species as questionable in the late Zemorrian and ranging from Relizian to early
Mohnian. Aside from his study and our own, this species has
not been recorded; thus, we doubt if the post-Relizian specimens were correctly identified by Kleinpell.
Etymology: The species is named neopulchella to differentiate it from pulchella, which it has long been recognized as,
while easing recognition of this common form.
Superfamily BULIMINACEA Jones 1875
Family SIPHOGENERINOIDIDAE Saidova 1981
Subfamily TUBULOGERININAE Saidova 198 1
Genus RECTUVIGERINA Mathews 1945
Rectuvigerina loeblichi Finger and Lipps, n. sp.
Plate 4 . figures 37-42
Superfamily FURSENKOINACEA Loeblich and Tappan 196 1
Family FURSENKOINIDAE Loeblich and Tappan 1961
Genus SUGGRUNDA Hoffmeister and Berry 1937
Suggrunda inflata Finger and Lipps, n. sp.
Plate 4, figures 26-29
Description: Test long, tapering, biserial, broadly ovate in
apertural view. Chambers inflated, twice as broad as high,
enlarging rapidly as added, lower margin angled. Sutures in
V-shaped indentations, sharp, distinct. Aperture a wide,
curved slit at base of ultimate chamber, paralleling chamber
margin. Wall smooth.
Paratypes: UCMP type numbers 38327 and 38328
Tvpe locality: Locality GC-4, Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo
Discussion: This is the most rotund species of Suggrunda
recorded in California. It differs from other species, such as
S. kleinpelli Bramlette, in having a rounded edge devoid of
serration and spines.
Occurrence: In Graves Creek, S. inflata occurs once very
rarely in the Saucesian, very rarely throughout the lower
Relizian, and rarely in one upper Relizian sample. This
species is found in rare occurrence and rare abundance in the
micro pale onto log^, vol. 3 6 , no. 1 , 1990
Saucesian and Luisian at Indian Creek, Saucesian and Relizian at Naples Beach, and Luisian to early Mohnian at Upper
Newport Bay.
Etymology: The Latin term inflata refers to its swollen or
puffy chambers and test.
Superfamily DELOSINACEA Parr 1950 Family CAUCASINIDAE N. K . Bykova 1959 Subfamily CAUCASININAE N. K. Bykova 1959 Genus Kleinpella Finger and Lipps, n. gen. Type species: Virgulina californiensis Cushman 1925, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 1, pt. 2, p. 32, pl. 5, figs. 1 la-c. Etymology: Named in honor of the late Professor Robert M.
Kleinpell, whose work on the California Miocene benthic
foraminifera is legendary.
Diagnosis: Test free, elongate, early chambers trochospiral,
then chambers biserial for more than half the length of the
test and tending to untwist toward aperture. Wall calcareous,
moderately perforate, optically granular, and smooth-surfaced. Chambers moderately inflated, lower than broad to
nearly equidimensional, rapidly increasing in size in lower
half of test, with incised sutures. Aperture a narrow loop
bordered by a slightly raised thin lip, without internal toothplate.
Remarks: Rare specimens of the species have a slight basal
spine. Kleinpella differs from Cassidella, Fursenkoina, and
Stainforthia by the shape and arrangement of its chambers.
Included in Kleinpella are Virgulina californiensis Cushman,
V. californiensis var. grandis Cushman and Kleinpell, V.
californiensis var. ticensis Cushman and Kleinpell, and V.
delmonteensis Cushman and Galliher.
Type species: Kleinpella californiensis (Cushman)
Superfamily STILOSTOMELLACEA Finlay 1947
Family STILOSTOMELLIDAE Finlay 1947
Genus NODOGENERINA Cushman 1927
Nodogenerina parkeri Finger and Lipps, n. sp.
Plate 1 , figure 28
Description: Test uniserial, with each chamber slightly offset
from central axis. Chamber shape ovate, widest near base
where there is a row of widely spaced prominent spines
projecting downward. Sutures constricted, deep, wide. Aperture terminal, bluntly indented on one margin. Wall smooth
except for spines.
Discussion: This species is very rare in a single sample in the
Relizian part of the Graves Creek section. Nevertheless, it is
described as new because of its distinctive chamber spines
and its slightly irregular uniserial chamber arrangement. It
also occurs in a sample suite that does not contain any similar
morphotypes.
Occurrence: N . parkeri is very rare in the Relizian at Graves
Creek. It also occurs in the Relizian of Indian Creek and in
the Luisian on San Clemente Island.
Etymology: The species is named in honor of Francis Parker,
whose original work on planktic foraminifera has been an
inspiration to the authors.
Nodogenerina tappani Finger and Lipps, n. sp.
Plate 1, figures 29-3 1
Description: Test uniserial, rectilinear to slightly curved.
Chamber shape subspherical with widest part nearest base
where there is a fringe of very small and widely spaced spines.
Sutures constricted, deep, narrow. Aperture terminal with
relatively thick lip bluntly indented on one margin. Wall
smooth, except for fine basal spines.
Type locality: Locality GC- 1, Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo
Discussion: This species is characterized by its nearly spherical chambers fringed near their bases with fine spines. It
somewhat resembles Siphonodosaria advena (Cushman and
Laiming), but that species has more trapezoidal chambers and
a more complex aperture (seen in well preserved specimens).
Occurrence: N . tappani occurs frequently in the two uppermost Relizian samples from Graves Creek. It has not been
recorded elsewhere in California.
Etymology: The new species is named for Prof. Helen Tappan
of the University of California, Los Angeles, who assisted
Lipps in 1964 in the collection of the original material at
Graves Creek, on which this study is based.
Genus SIPHONODOSARIA Silvestri 1924
Siphonodosaria montereyana Finger and Lipps, n. sp.
Description: Test narrow, elongate, tapering to initial chamber, arcuate. Chambers bowed, with some overlap of previous
chamber, inflated near base. Proloculus with apical spine.
Sutures straight, in later chamber angled to the test axis,
incised, narrow. Aperture rounded except for very slight
indentation from which a tooth projects inward and then
bifurcates, with slightly raised phialine lip. Wall smooth.
Discussion: This species is distinguished by its rather
smooth, narrow, arcuate test, rather squarish but bowed chambers, and bifurcated apertural tooth.
Occurrence: S. montereyana occurs commonly throughout
the Saucesian and Relizian in Graves Creek. It is also found
K . L. Finger et a/.: Calcareous microfossils in the l o ~ ~ Monterey
er
Formation, Califor.niu
in the Luisian and Mohnian at Naples Beach, the Mohnian at
Upper Newport Bay, and in the Luisian on San Clemente
Island.
Discussion: This species is distinguished by its compressed
concavo-convex test, slightly lobulate periphery, and broadly
crescentic chambers with sharply defined sutures.
Etymology: The species derives its name from the Monterey
Formation, in which it occurs at Graves Creek.
Occurrence: Gavelinopsis durhami occurs rarely in two
Relizian samples at Graves Creek. It has not been recorded
elsewhere in California.
Superfamily DISCORBACEA Ehrenberg 1838
Family ROSALINIDAE Reiss 1963
Genus GAVELINOPSIS Hofker 1951
Etymology: This species is named in honor of Prof. J. Wyatt
Durham of the University of California in recognition of his
pioneering work on the stratigraphy and paleoecology of the
California Tertiary.
Gavelinopsis holkos Finger and Lipps, n. sp.
Description: Test planoconvex, low trochospiral, circular and
slightly lobulate in outline, displaying 2V2 whorls, with about
8 chambers in last whorl, peripheral edge subacute. Chambers
subtriagonal on spiral side, quadrate on umbilical side with
irregular termination at furrows around umbilical plug. Sutures on spiral side radial, thick, and slightly raised, on
umbilical side radial to slightly curved, depressed and wider
near umbilicus. Aperture basal, interiomarginal with slight
lip at top. Wall perforate.
Discussion: This small species is distinguished from other
Gavelinopsis in the California Miocene by its planoconvex
test and nearly radial sutures.
Occurrence: At Graves Creek, G . holkos occurs rarely in all
upper Relizian samples and in the Luisian. Elsewhere in
California, the species is found in the Luisian and Mohnian
at Upper Newport Bay and in the Luisian on San Clemente
Island.
Etymology: The Greek term holkos refers to the furrow-like
sutures on the umbilical side of this species.
Gavelinopsis durhami Finger and Lipps, n. sp.
Description: Test low trochospiral, nearly planoconvex, compressed, somewhat ovate in outline, about 3 whorls with 8
chambers in last whorl, periphery slightly lobulate, edge
subacute to subrounded, with umbilical plug. Chambers crescentic on spiral side, subtriagonal on umbilical side, each
with flange-like termination at umbilicus. Sutures on spiral
side strongly curved, sharply defined, thin, and slightly depressed, on umbilical side slightly curved, depressed, joining
furrow around umbilical plug. Aperture basal, interiomarginal with small, well-defined lip at top. Wall finely granular
on spiral surface, smooth on umbilical side.
A . R. Loeblich, Jr., 1964.
Genus ROSALINA d'orbigny 1826
Rosalina californica Finger and Lipps, n. sp.
Description: Test low trochospiral, concavo-convex, moderately compressed, circular and slightly lobulate in outline.
about 21h whorls with 6 chambers in last whorl, peripheral
edge subrounded, umbilical region concave. Chambers crescentic on spiral side, subtriagonal on umbilical side, each
with a flange-like termination at umbilicus. Sutures on spiral
side curved, thin, and slightly depressed, on umbilical side
radial to slightly curved, depressed, adjoining wide, deep
umbilicus. Aperture basal, interiomarginal with small lip
along upper margin. Wall finely perforate.
Discussion: This species is characterized by its deep umbilical area, sharply rounded periphery, and wide chambers with
sharply defined sutures.
Occurrence: R. califori~icais very rare in the upper Saucesian
and frequent in one Relizian sample from Graves Creek. It
has not been recorded elsewhere in the California Miocene.
Etymology: The species is named for the state of California.
Superfamily PLANORBULINACEA Schwager 1877
Family CIBICIDIDAE Cushman 1927
Subfamily CIBICIDINAE Cushman 1927
Genus CIBICIDES de Montfort 1808
Cibicides pumilus Finger and Lipps, n. sp.
Description: Test very small for genus, trochospiral, planoconvex with spiral side flat and umbilical side convex, evolute, about 21h whorls, periphery round, peripheral edge
subacute and thickened. Chambers long, narrow wedgeshaped on umbilical side, somewhat rectangular on spiral
side, about 12-14 in last whorl. Sutures curved on both sides,
thickened, slightly limbate, latest sutures with slight median
groove. Umbilicus thickened, nonperforate. Aperture a low
slit running between whorls on spiral side to arched peripheral opening with small lip along upper margin. Wall coarsely
perforate.
Micropaleontology, l ~ o l3. 6 , no. 1 , 1990
Type localit?: Locality GC-1, Graves Creek, San Luis Obispo
Discussion: The small size. compactness, plano-convex
shape, and thickened sutures of C,pumilus distinguish it from
all other Clbicides and related taxa in the California Miocene.
In samples where it is most abundant. it does not grade into
larger sized specimens typical of Cibicides and related genera.
Occurrence: C . pumilus occurs throughout the Graves Creek
section in abundances ranging from very rare to frequent. It
occurs in low abundances and intermittently throughout the
Monterey Formation elsewhere.
Etymology: The Latin term pumilus refers to the tiny size of
this species.
Superfamily NONIONACEA Schultze 1854
Family NONIONIDAE Schultze 1854
Subfamily NONIONINAE Schultze 1854
Genus NONIONELLINA Voloshinova 1958
Nonionellina milleri Finger and Lipps, n. sp.
Plate 7 , figures 7 , 8
Description: Test equally biconvex, involute, ovate shaped,
periphery very lobulate. peripheral edge rounded. Chambers
distinct, inflated, 6 in last whorl, wedge-shaped. Sutures
distinct, slightly depressed, radial. Aperture a narrow, arched
equatorial interiomarginal slit extending to umbilici. Wall
smooth.
A. R. Loeblich. Jr., 1964.
Discussion: This species morphologically grades from P.
miocenica Kleinpell, but differs in being considerably less
rotund than that species, to which it has often been compared.
Although P. miocenica populations often include a wide
range in the degree of test rotundity, populations comprised
exclusively of the P. inglei morphotype suggest that this form
should be designated as a distinct species.
Occurrence: P. inglei is fairly common in the upper Relizian
samples from Graves Creek. Elsewhere, it is more commonly
recognized as a principle component of lower Mohnian assemblages, including those from the sections along the Manville Quarry access road, Topanga Canyon, and Upper
Newport Bay.
Description: Test relatively small, planispiral to slightly
trochospiral, ovate in lateral and apertural views, periphery
slightly lobulate, peripheral edge rounded, umbilicus depressed. Chambers long and narrow, numbering about 10 in
last whorl. Sutures indistinct in early part of whorl, slightly
depressed and radial between later chambers. Aperture a
narrow, arched, equatorial, interiomarginal slit, fringed along
upper margin with very fine pustules. Wall smooth.
Etymology: This species is named for Prof. James C. Ingle,
Jr., in recognition of his many contributions on the Neogene
paleoecology and paleoceanography of the Pacific Rim.
Hanzawaia depaoloi Finger and Lipps, n. sp.
Type locality: Locality GC-15c, Graves Creek, San Luis
Obispo, California. Collected by J. H. Lipps, H. Tappan, and
Discussion: This species has often been referred to as Nonion
pizarrerisis Berry, but it differs in being smaller in size and
less compressed, and having fewer chambers. It resembles
Nonionella miocenica without the ultimatechamber lobe, and
can easily be mistaken for juveniles of that species. It differs
from Nonionella davanaensis Pierce, which has a subrounded
peripheral edge and is distinctly trochospiral.
Occurrence: N . milleri ranges in abundance from very rare
to frequent throughout the Saucesian to Luisian section in
Graves Creek. It also occurs from the Saucesian to Luisian
at Indian Creek. in the lowest Luisian at Naples Beach, and
in the Mohnian at Topanga Canyon.
Etymology: This species is named for our coauthor and specialist on calcareous nannofossils, Peter L. Miller.
Subfamily PULLENIINAE Schwager 1877
Genus PULLENIA Parker and Jones 1862
Pullenia inglei Finger and Lipps, n. sp.
Superfamily CHILOSTOMELLACEA Brady 1881
Family GAVELINELLIDAE Hofker 1956
Subfamily GAVELINELLINAE Hofker 1956
Genus HANZAWAIA Asano 1944
Description: Test plano-convex, hemi-ovate in lateral view.
Chambers long, nearly wedge-shaped, numbering about 8 in
last whorl. Sutures indistinct in early part of last whorl,
slightly incised and slightly curved between later chambers.
Aperture an interiomarginal loop, bordered on the apertural
face by a prominent lip along upper margin; secondary apertures located on umbilical side under chamber flaps which
surround umbilicus. Wall smooth.
Discussion: The Hanzawaia plexus in the California Miocene
is difficult to differentiate. Forms range in shape from nearly
biconvex to concavo-convex, with slightly depressed to limbate sutures, and umbilical flaps which may or may not be
fused (see pl. 8, fig. 18). This species has been referred to by
other regional workers as H. americana (Cushman), H .
basiloha (Cushman), and H. illingi (Nuttall). Examination of
the H. americana holotype reveals a species which is probably a Cibicidina - secondary umbilical apertures are not
K . L. Finger et al.: Calcareous microfossils in the low>erMontereg Formution, Culflorniu
discernible. H. depaoloi is most readily distiguished from H.
basiloba by lacking the strongly hooked basal lobes. It has
fewer and broader chambers than does H. illingi.
Occurrence; This species ranges from very rare to common
throughout the entire Saucesian-Luisian section studied in
the Graves Creek area. It is a common form in the California
Miocene, ranging Saucesian to Mohnian.
Etymology; H. depaoloi is named for our colleague Prof.
Donald J. DePaolo, who age-dated several of our Graves
Creek samples with strontium isotopes.
TAXONOMIC REMARKS ON HELZCOSPHAERA
SCZSSURA
Peter L. M i l l e r
Helicosphaera scissura Miller
Plate 14, figures 1 la-17
Helicosphaera scissura MILLER 1981, p. 433, pl. 3, figs. 10allc.
Remarks; I suspect that this useful helicolith often has been
identified and/or included with Helicospliaera ampliaperta
because of its similar morphology and stratigraphic range.
Since its initial description (Miller 1981), it has been observed in large numbers from Lower Miocene Monterey rocks
in California at Reliz Canyon and Naples Beach. H . scissura
from Sample CRC-43919-8 (= GC-3), collected by K. L.
Finger from Graves Creek, was studied with the scanning
electron microscope (SEM) to further delineate its
morphologic features. Plate 14, figures 15-17 show three
different specimens in proximal view. Figures 15 and 16
display a well-developed terminal flange or flaring wing
(broken off in fig. 17) and a suggestion of a possible remnant
of a central bridge or bar in figure 15 and a more regular
elongate opening in figure 17. Nomarski microphotographs
also show a moderately to well-developed terminal flange in
figures 12b and 13b, and a certain degree of irregularity and
variation in width of the elongate opening of the central area
in figures l l a through 13b. In contrast, Helicospliaera
ampliaperta displays an oval-shaped opening, particularly in
figures 9a and 9b, characteristic of the holotype and paratype
originally described and illustrated by Bramlette and
Wilcoxon (1967, p. 105, pl. 6, figs. 1-4).
Occurrence; Locally rare to abundant in the CN2-CN3 Zones
of the Monterey Formation in Graves Creek. Very rare to
abundant in the CN2-CN3 Zones of the Saucesian to Relizian
Stages of the Monterey Formation along Naples Beach. Very
rare to frequent in the uppermost Vaqueros Formation (CN2)
of the Siphogenerina transversa Zone and very rare to abundant in the CN3 Zone of the Sandholdt Member of the
Monterey Formation of Reliz Canyon, particularly in the
Uvigerinella obesa and Siphogenerina hughesi Zones. Also
observed in several dart cores and at DSDP Site 469 in Zone
CN3 of the Southern California Continental Borderland
(Bukry 1981). Theodoridis (1984) lists it in several Miocene
sections of the Mediterranean region.
SPECIES REFERENCE LIST
BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA
Note: Reference to indeterminate species by letter (e.g., sp.
B) follows the designation used by Finger in his more extensive collection of California Miocene foraminifers. Plate and
figure numbers in italic type refer to this paper.
Ammobaclclites? sp. B
PI. 4 , fig. 31.
Ammodiscus incertlcs (d'orbigny) = Operculina incerta
d'orbigny 1839, Hist. Phys. Nat. Cuba, p. 49; v. 8, pl. 6,
figs. 16. 17.
PI. 4 , fig. 3 0 .
Amphimorphina amchitkaensis ( T o d d ) = Dentalina? amchitkaensis Todd 1953, Contr. Cushman Found. Foram. Res., v. 4, pt. 1, p. 3, pl. 1, figs. 12-19. PI. I , figs. 1-5. Anomalinoides salinasensis (Kleinpell) = Anomalina salinasensis Kleinpell 1938, Mio. Strat. Calif., p. 347, pl. 13, figs. la-c. PI. 8 ,figs. 1-3.
Astacolus cf. A . cymboides (d'orbigny) = Cristellaria
cymboides d'orbigny 1846, Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert. Vienne, p. 85, pl. 3, figs. 30, 31.
PI. 3 , figs. 5 , 6 .
Astacolus sp. B
PI. 3, figs, 1 , 2 .
Astacolus sp. C
PI. 3,figs. 3 , 4 .
Astacolus sp. H
PI. 1 0 , f i g s . 8 , 9 .
Astacolus sp. I
PI. 3 , figs. 7-10.
Baggina californica Cushman 1926, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 2, pt. 3, p. 64, pl. 9, figs. 8a-c. PI. 7, figs. 14-16. Bolivina advena Cushman 1925, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 1, pt. 2, p. 29, pl. 5 , figs. l a , b. PI. 4 , fig. I . Bolivina advena ornata Cushman = Bolivina adt'e~iavar. ornata Cushman 1925, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 1, pt. 2, p. 29, pl. 5, figs. 2a, b.
PI. 4 , fig. 2 .
Bolivina blakei Finger and Lipps, new species = Bolivina
floridana Cushman sensu Kleinpell 1938, Mio. Strat.
Calif., pl. 12, fig. 1.
PI. 4 , fig. 12.
Mlcropaleontology, 1x01.3 6 , no. 1 , 1990
Bolivina brevior Cushman 1925, Contr. Cushman Lab.
Foram. Res., v. 1, pt. 2, p. 31, pl. 5, figs. 8a, b.
PI. 4 , f i g . 3
Bolivina californicn Cushman 1925, Contr. Cushman Lab.
PI. 4 , fig. 4 .
Bolivina churchi Kleinpell and Tipton, in Kleinpell 1980,
Mio. Strat. Calif. Revisited, p. 72, pl. 9, figs. 11, 12.
PI. 4 , figs. 7-11.
Bolivina conica Cushman 1925, Contr. Cushman Lab.
PI. 4 , figs. 5 , 6 .
Bolivina granti Rankin, in Cushman and Kleinpell 1934,
Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 10, pt. 1, p. 21, pl.
4, figs. 2a-3b.
Pl. 4 , fig. 13.
Bolivina imbricata Cushman 1925, Contr. Cushman Lab.
PI. 4 , figs. 14-16.
Bolivina modeloensis Cushman and Kleinpell 1934,
2. figs. 4a, b.
PI. 4 , fig. 17.
Bolivina pseudospissa Kleinpell 1938, Mio. Strat. Calif.,
p. 279, pl. 21, fig. 6.
PI. 4 , fig. 18.
Bolivina salinasensis Kleinpell 1938, Mio. Strat. Calif.,
p. 280, pl. 9, fig. 6; pl. 15, fig. 3.
PI. 1 0 , f i g . 3 .
Bolivina tongi filacostata Cushman and McCulloch =
Bolivina tongi var. filacostata Cushman and McCulloch
1942, Allan Hancock Pac. Exped., v. 6, no. 4, p. 214, pl.
27, figs. 7-1 1.
PI. 4 , fig. 19.
Bolivina tumida Cushman 1925, Contr. Cushman Lab.
PI. 4 , figs. 20-23.
Buccella oregonensis (Cushman, Stewart, and Stewart) =
Epo~zidesmansfieldi var. oregonensis Cushman, Stewart,
and Stewart 1948, Oregon Dept. Geol. Min. Indust., Bull.,
no. 36 (1947), pt. 2, p. 48, pl. 6, figs. a-c.
PI. 6 ,figs. 1-3.
Bulimina cf. B. hebespinata R. E. and K. C. Stewart =
Bulimina pagoda var. hebespinata R. E. and K. C. Stewart
1930, Jour. Paleont., v. 4, no. 1, p. 63, pl. 8, figs. 3a, b.
PI. 5 , fig. I .
Bulimina subacuminata Cushman and R . E. Stewart
1930, San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., Trans., v. 6, no. 2, p. 65, pl. 5, figs. 2, 3a, b. PI. 5 , fig. 2 . Bulimina subcalva Cushman and K. C . Stewart 1930, San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., Trans., v. 6, no. 2, p. 65, pl. 5, figs. l l a , b. PI. 5 , fig. 3
Buliminella elegantissima (d'orbigny) = Bulirnina elegantissima d ' o r b i g n y 1 8 3 9 , V o y . A m C r . M e r .
Foraminifkres, v. 5, pt. 5, p. 51, pl. 7, figs. 13, 14.
PI. 5 , fig. 4 .
Buliminella subfusiformis Cushman 1925, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 1, pt. 2, p. 33, pl. 5, fig. 12.
PI. 5 , f i g s . 5-8.
Cancris baggi Cushman and Kleinpell 1934, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 10, pt. 1, p. 15, pl. 3, figs. 2a-c.
PI. 7 ,figs. 17-19.
Chilostomella ovoidea Reuss 1850, K. Akad. Wiss. Wien.. Math.-Naturw. Cl., Denkschr., v. 1, p. 380, pl. 48. figs. 12a-e. PI. 7, figs. I , 2. Chilostomina pustulosa Finger and Gaponoff 1986, Jour. Foram. Res., v. 16, no. 1 , p. 37, pl. 1, figs. 1- 15; pl. 2, figs. 1-12; pl. 3, figs. 1-11. Pi. 7 , fig. 3 .
Chrysalogonium californiensis Finger and Lipps, new
species.
PI. 1 , figs. 6 . 7 .
Cibicides pumilus Finger and Lipps, new species.
PI. 8,figs. 4 - 6 .
Cibicidoides cushmani ( B a r b a t a n d v o n E s t o r f f ) =
Cibicides florida~zusvar, cushmani Barbat and von Estorff
1933. Jour. Paleont., v. 7, no. 2, p. 173, pl. 23, figs. 21a-c.
PI. 8, figs. 7 - 9 .
Dentalina atascaderoensis Finger and Lipps, new species.
PI. I , fig. 12.
Dentalina communis d'orbigny = h'odosaria (Dentaline)
communis d'orbigny 1826, Ann. Sci. Nat., Paris, sCr. 1, v.
7 , p. 254.
PI. I , fig. 8 .
Dentalina lagoei Finger and Lipps, new species.
PI. I , fig. 11.
Dentalina pseudoobliqua Finger and Lipps, new species
= Dentalina ohliqua sensu Kleinpell 1938, Mio. Strat.
Calif., pl. 11, fig. 7 , not Nautilus ohliquus LinnC 1758,
Systema Naturae, Ed. 10, v. 1, p. 710.
PI. 1 , fig. 10.
K . L. Finger et al.: Calcareous microfossils in the lower Monterey Formation, California
Dentalina roemeri Neugeboren 1856, K. Akad. Wiss.,
Math.-Naturw. Cl., Denkschr., Wien, v. 12, pt. 2, p. 82.
PI. 1 , fig. 9 .
Dentalina sp. F
PI. I , fig. 1 3 .
Duplella baggi Finger and Lipps, new species.
PI. 2 , figs. 3 0 , 31.
Duplella lacrima Finger and Lipps, new species.
PI. 2 , figs. 3 2 , 3 3 .
Elphidium granti Kleinpell 1938, Mio. Strat. Calif., p.
938, pl. 19, figs. 1, 11.
PI. 6 , figs. 2 7 , 2 8 .
Enantiodentalina muraii Uchio 1953, Jap. Jour. Geol.
Geogr., Trans., v. 23, p. 152, pl. 14, figs. 1 , 2.
PI. 5 , figs. 36-45.
Epistominella smithi ( R . E . a n d K . C . S t e w a r t ) =
Pulvinulinella smithi R. E. and K. C. Stewart 1930, Jour.
Paleont., v. 4, no. 1, p. 70, pl. 9 , figs. 4a-c.
PI. 6 , figs. 13-15.
Fissurina gravesensis Finger and Lipps, new species.
PI. 2 , figs. 5 , 6 .
Fissurina cf. F. laevigata labiata (Buchner) = Lagelza
laevigata var. labiata Buchner 1940, K. Leopo1d.- Carol.
Deutsch. Akad. Naturf., Abh., v. 9 , no. 62, p. 467, pl. 12,
figs. 201-207.
PI. 2 , figs. 3 , 4 .
Fissurina longipunctata Finger and Lipps, new species.
PI. 2 , figs. 1 3 , 14.
Fissurina natlandi Finger and Lipps, new species.
PI. 2 , figs. 1 , 2 .
Fissurina quasimarginata Finger and Lipps, new species.
PI. 2 , figs. 7 , 8 .
Fissurina sp. H
PI. 2 , figs. 9 , 10.
Fissurina sp. M
PI. 2 , figs. 11, 12
Frondicularia cf. F. bulbosa Coryell and Rivero 1940, Jour. Paleont., v. 14, p. 327, pl. 41, fig. 18. PI. 9,fig. 2 1 . Frondicularia sp.
PI. 9 , fig. 2 0 .
Fursenkoina sp. E
P1. 1 0 , f i g . 4 .
Gaudryina pliocenica Cushman, Stewart and Stewart
1949, Oregon Dept. Geol. Min. Indust., Bull., no. 36, pt.
7 , p . 150,pl. 17,figs.2a,b.
PI. 1 0 , f i g . I
Gavelinopsis durhami Finger and Lipps, new species.
PI. 6, figs. 7 - 9 .
Gavelinopsis holkos Finger and Lipps, new species.
PI. 6 , figs. 4 - 6 .
Globocassidulina neomargareta Finger and Lipps, new
species = Cassidulina rnargar-eta sensu Kleinpell 1938,
Mio. Strat. Calif., pl. 7, fig. 20(?); pl. 8, fig. 10.
PI. 8 , figs. 2 6 , 27.
Globocassidulina neopulchella Finger and Lipps, new
species = Cassidulina pulchella sensu Kleinpell 1938,
Mio. Strat. Calif., pl. 10, fig. 9.
PI. 8 , figs. 22-25.
Guttulina sp.
PI. 4 , fig. 3 3 .
Gyroidina healdi (R. E. and K. C. Stewart) = Eponides
healdi R. E. and K. C. Stewart 1930, Jour. Paleont., v. 4,
no. 1 , p. 70, pl. 8, figs. 8a-c.
PI. 9 ,figs. 1 - 3 .
Gyroidina rosaformis (Cushman and Kleinpell) =
Eponides r-osaformis Cushman and Kleinpell 1934, Contr.
Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 10, pt. 1, p. 14, pl. 2, figs.
18a-c.
PI. 9 , figs. 4 - 6 .
Hansenisca rotundimargo (R. E. and K. C. Stewart) =
Gyroidilza soldanii var. r-otundimargo R. E. and K. C.
Stewart 1930, Jour. Paleont., v. 4 , no. 1, p. 68, pl. 9, figs.
3a-c.
PI. 9 , figs. 7-12.
Hanzawaia cf. H . crassisepta (Cushman and Laiming) =
Cihicides americanus v a r . cr-assiseptus Cushman a n d
Laiming 1931, Jour. Paleont., v. 5, no. 2, p. 119, pl. 14,
figs. 7a-c.
PI. 8 , figs. 19-21.
Hanzawaia depaoloi Finger and Lipps, new species
PI. 8 , figs. 15-18.
H o l m a n e l l a b a g g i ( K 1e i n p e 11) = P l a n u l i n a b a g g i
Kleinpell 1938, Mio. Strat. calif.,^. 349,pl. 8, figs. 14a-c.
PI. 8 , figs. 10-14.
Hyalinonetrion "elongata" ( E h r e n b e r g ) = Miliolina
elongata Ehrenberg 1844, K . Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin
1844, p. 274; type-fig. not given.
P1. I , fig. 5 3 .
K. L. Finger et al.: Calcareous vlicrofossils in the lower Monterey Formatiorz, Califol.tzra
Megastomella capitanensis (Cushman and Kleinpell) =
Pulv~nulinellacapitanensis Cushman and Kleinpell 1934,
3, figs. 3a-c.
PI. 6 , figs. 16-18, 2 5 , 26.
Megastomella purisima ( B r a m l e t t e ) = Pul~~inulinella
purisima Bramlette, in Woodring and Bramlette 1951,
U.S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Pap., no. 222 (1950), p. 60, pl. 23,
figs. 10-15.
PI. 6 . figs. 19-21.
Nodogenerina parexilis (Cushman and K. C. Stewart) =
Nodosaria parexilis Cushman and K. C. Stewart, in Cushman, Stewart, and Stewart 1930, San Diego Soc. Nat.
Hist., Trans., v. 6, p. 55, pl. 2, figs. 13-15.
PI. I , figs. 32-34.
Nodogenerina parkeri Finger and Lipps, new species
PI. I , fig. 2 8 .
Nodogenerina sagrinensis (Bagg) = Nodosaria sagrinensis Bagg 1912, U.S. Geol. Surv., Bull., no. 513, p. 58, pl.
16, fig. 4.
PI. 1 , figs. 43-45.
Nodogenerina tappani Finger and Lipps. new species.
P1. 1 , figs. 29-31.
Nodosaria ewaldi Reuss 185 1, Deutsch. Geol. Ges.,
Zeitschr., v. 3, p. 58, pl. 3, figs. 2a, b.
PI. 1 . figs. 1 4 , 15.
Oolina cf. 0 . borealis Loeblich and Tappan 1954, Washington Acad. Sci., Jour., v. 44, no. 12, p. 384.
PI. 2 , figs. 17, 18.
O o l i n a elongata ( D u n i k o w s k i ) = Lagena elongata
Dunikowski 1879, Kosmos, v. 4, p. 105, fig. 2.
PI. 2 , figs. 2 6 , 2 7 .
Oolina globosa setosa (Earland) = Lagena globosa var.
setosa Earland 1934, Discovery Reports, v. 10, p. 150, pl.
6 , fig. 52.
PI. 2 , figs. 2 8 , 29.
Oolina hexagona (Williamson) = Entosolenia syuamosa
var. hexagona Williamson 1848, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser.
2, v. 1, p. 20, pl. 2, fig. 23.
PI. 2 , fig. 2 3 .
Oolina melo d'orbigny 1839, Voy. AmCr. Merid. Foram.,
v. 5, pt. 5, p. 20, pl. 5, fig. 9.
PI. 2 , figs. 19-22.
Oridorsalis subtenera (Galloway and Wissler) = Rotalia
subtenera Galloway and Wissler 1927, Jour. Paleont., v. 1,
p. 60, pl. 10, figs. 4a-c.
P1. 9 , figs. 13-15, 19.
Oridorsalis umbonata (Reu s s) = Rotalina umborlata
Reuss 1851, Deutsch. Geol. Ges., Zeitschr., v. 3, p. 75, pl.
5, figs. 35a-c.
PI. 9 , figs. 16-18.
Nodosaria franki Finger and Lipps, new species.
PI. I . fig. 18.
Paracassidulina delicata ( C u s h m a n ) = Cassidulina
delicata Cushman 1927, Scripps Inst. Oceanogr., Bull.,
Tech. Ser., v. 1, p. 168, pl. 6, fig. 5.
Not figured.
Nodosaria irregularis (Kleinpell) = Nodogenerina irregularis Kleinpell 1938, Mio. Strat. Calif., p. 245, pl. 17,
fig. 12.
PI. I , fig. 16.
Parafissurina sp. B
PI. 2, figs. 1 5 . 16.
Nodosaria obispoensis Finger and Lipps, new species.
PI. 1 , fig. 17.
Nodosaria perversa (Neugeboren) = Dentalina per1,ersa
Neugeboren 1856, K. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturw. Cl.,
Denkschr., Wien, v. 12, pt. 2, p. 80.
PI. 1 , fig. 2 1 .
Nodosaria weaveri Finger and Lipps, new species.
PI. 1 , figs. 1 9 , 20.
Nonionella miocenica Cushman 1926, Contr. Cushman
Lab. Foram. Res., v. 2, pt. 3, p. 64.
PI. 7, figs. 4 - 6 .
Nonionellina milleri Finger and Lipps, new species
PI. 7, figs. 7 , 8.
Parafrondicularia miocenica (Cushman) =
Plectofrondicularia nziocenica Cushman 1 9 2 6 , Contr.
Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 2, pt. 3, p. 58, pl. 7, figs.
10, 11; pl. 8, figs. 11, 12.
PI. 9 , figs. 24-26.
Planorbulina sp.
PI. 6 , ,figs. 2 9 , 30.
Plectofrondicularia californica Cushman and R. E. Stewart 1926, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 2, pt. 2, p.
39, pl. 6, figs. 9-11.
PI. 9 . fig. 23.
Praeglobobulimina spinifera ( C u s h m a n ) = Bulimina
spinifera Cushman, Scripps Inst. Oceanogr., Bull. Tech.
Ser., v. 1, p. 151, pl. 2, fig. 15.
PI. 5 , fig. 10.
Mirropaleontology, 1'01. 36. no. 1. 1990
Protoglobobulimina pseudotorta (Cushman) = Bulimina
pseudotorta Cushman 1926, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram.
Res.,v. 2 , p t . 3 , p . 5 5 , p l . 7 , f i g . 3.
PI. 5 , fig. 9 .
Reussoolina simplex (Reuss) = Oolina simplex Reuss
1851, Naturw. Abh., Wien, v. 4, pt. 1, p. 22, pl. 2, figs. 2a,
b. PI. 2, figs. 2 4 , 2 5 . Proxifrons advena (Cushman) = Frondicularia advena
Cushman 1923, U.S. Natl. Mus., Bull., no. 104, p. 141, pl.
20, figs. 1, 2.
PI. 9 , fig. 2 2 .
Rosalina californica Finger and Lipps, new species.
PI. 6 , figs. 10-12.
Pseudononion basispinatum (Cushman and Moyer) =
Nonion piiarrensis var. basispinata Cushman and Moyer
1930, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 6, pt. 3, p. 54,
pl. 7, figs. 18a, b.
PI. 7 ,figs. 9 , 10.
Pseudononion costiferum (Cushman) = Norzionirza costifera Cushman 1926, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res.,
v. 1, pt. 4, p. 90, pl. 13, figs. 2a-c.
PI. 7 ,figs. 11, 1 2 .
Pseudoparrella subperuviana
(Cushman)
=
Pulvinulinella subperuviana Cushman 1926, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 2, pt. 3, p. 63, pl. 9, figs. 9a-c.
PI. 6 , figs. 22-24.
Pullenia inglei Finger and Lipps, new species.
PI. 9 , f i g s . 3 1 . 3 2 .
Pullenia malkinae Coryell and Mossman 1942, Jour. Pale- ont., v. 16, p. 234, pl. 36, figs. 3, 4. P1. 9,figs. 2 9 , 3 0 . Pullenia miocenica Kleinpell 1938, Mio. Strat. Calif., p.
338, pl. 14. fig. 6.
PI. 9 , figs. 2 7 , 2 8 .
Rectuvigerina branneri (Bagg) = Sagrirza branneri Bagg
1905, U.S. Geol. Surv., Bull., no. 268, p. 40, pl. 7, fig. 4.
PI. 4 , figs. 43-47.
Rectuvigerina hughesi ( C u s h m a n ) = Siphogenerina
hughesi Cushman 1925, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram.
Res., v. 1, pt. 2, p. 36, pl. 7, figs. 4a, b.
PI. 4 , figs. 3 5 , 3 6 .
Rutherfordoides californiensis ( Br a m l e t t e ) =
Cassidulinoides califor-niensis Bramlette, in Woodring
and Bramlette 195 1, U.S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Pap., no. 222
(1950), p. 61, pl. 22, fig. 7 .
PI. 8 , figs. 28-30.
Siphonodosaria advena ( C u s h m a n a n d L a i m i n g ) =
Nodogenerina advena Cushman and Laiming 193 1, Jour.
Paleont., v. 5, no. 2, p. 106, pl. 11, figs. 19a, b.
PI. I , figs. 2 6 , 2 7 , 35-37.
Siphonodosaria montereyana Finger and Lipps, new species.
P1. 1 , figs. 22. 23.
Siphonodosaria quadrulata (Cushman and Parker) =
Dentalina quadrulata Cushman and Parker 1931, Contr.
Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 7, pt. 1, no. 99, p. 3, pl. 1,
figs. 9-1 1.
PI. I , figs. 38-42.
Siphonodosaria sp.
PI. I , figs. 2 4 , 2 5 .
Sphaeroidina chilostomata G a l l o w a y and M o r r e y =
Sphaeroidirza bulloides var. chilostomata Galloway and
Morrey 1924, Bull. Amer. Paleont., v. 15, no. 55, p. 32, pl.
5, figs. l a , b.
PI. 7 ,fig. 13.
Spirosigmoilina tenuis (Czjzek) = Quinqueloculina tenuis Czjzek 1848, Naturw. Abh., v. 2, pt. 1, p. 149, pl. 13,
figs. 31-34.
PI. 4 , fig. 3 4 .
Suggrunda inflata Finger and Lipps, new species.
PI. 4 , figs. 26-29.
Rectuvigerina loeblichi Finger and Lipps, new species
PI. 4 , figs. 37-42.
Suggrunda kleinpelli Bramlette, in Woodring and Bramlette 1951, U.S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Pap., no. 222 (1950), p.
59, pl. 23, figs. 4, 5, 9.
PI. 4 , figs. 2 4 , 2 5 .
Rectuvigerina transversa (Cushman) = Siphogenerina
raphanus var. trarzsversus Cushman 1918, U.S. Natl. Mus.,
Bull., no. 103, p. 64, pl. 22, fig. 8.
P1. 4 , figs. 4 8 . 4 9 .
Trifarina fluens (Todd) = Angulogerina fluens Todd, in
Cushman and McCulloch 1948, Allan Hancock Pac.
Exped., v. 6, no. 5, p. 288. pl. 36, figs. la-f.
P1. 1 0 , fig. 5 .
Reophax cf. R . excenticus Cushman 1910, U.S. Natl.
Mus., Bull., no. 71, pt. 1, p. 92, fig. 134.
PI. 4 , f i g . 32.
p. 294, not figured.
PI. 5 , fig. 17.
Uvigerina cf. U . hannai Kleinpell 1938, Mio. Strat. Calif.,
K . L. Finger er 01.: Calcareous rnic~~ofossils
In the low7erMonte1.e) FOIntatron. Cnlrfoi.nrn
Uvigerina cf. U. hispidocostata Cushman and Todd 1945,
Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., Spec. Publ., no. 15, p. 51, pl.
7, figs. 27, 3 1.
PI. 5 , f i g . 16.
Uvigerina hootsi Rankin, in Cushman and Kleinpell 1934,
3, figs. 8, 9.
PI. 5 , f i g . 15.
Uvigerina subperegrina Cushman and Kleinpell 1934,
2, figs. 9-1 1.
PI. 5 , fig. 1 8 .
U v i g e r i n e l l a c a l i f o r n i c a C u s h m a n = Uvigerina
(Uvigerinella) californica Cushman 1926, Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 2, pt. 3, p. 58, pl. 8, figs. 2, 5.
PI. 5 , figs. 19-21.
Uvigerinella californica ornata Cushman = U1,igerina
(Uvigerinella) californica v a r . ornata Cushman 1926,
Contr. Cushman Lab. Foram. Res., v. 2, pt. 3, p. 59. pl. 8 ,
figs. 1, 6.
P1. 5 , figs. 2 2 , 23.
Vaginulina cf. V. dubia (Neugeboren) = Marginulina
d u b i a N e u g e b o r e n 1 8 5 1 , S i e b e n b . Ver. N a t u r w .
Hermannstadt, Verh. Mitt., 1851, Jahrg. 2 , no. 7, p. 120,
pl. 4, fig. 1.
PI. 5 , figs. 26, 27.
Vaginulina cf. V. tenuis (Deecke) = Cristellaria ~ q o n t i s
c a l v i D e e c k e var. t e n u i s Deecke 1886, Soc. Emul.
MontebCliard, MCm., v. 16 (sCr. 3, v. 6), p. 322, pl. 2, fig.
23.
PI. 5 , figs. 2 4 , 25.
Valvulineria californica Cushman 1926, Contr. Cushman
Lab. Foram. Res., v. 2, pt. 3, p. 60, pl. 9, figs. la-c.
PI. 7 ,figs. 23-28.
Valvulineria miocenica Cushman 1926, Contr. Cushman
Lab. Foram. Res., v. 2, pt. 3, p. 61, pl. 8, figs. 9, 10; pl. 9 ,
figs. 3a-c.
PI. 7 , f i g s . 20-22.
Valvulineria robusta ( K l e i n p e l I) = Baggina robus ta
Kleinpell 1938, Mio. Strat. Calif., p. 325, pl. 11, figs. 8a-c.
P1. 7 , figs. 29-31.
PLANKTIC FORAMINIFERA
Catapsydrax stainforthi Bolli, Loeblich, and Tappan
1957, U.S. Natl. Mus., Bull., no. 215, p. 37, pl. 7 , figs.
11a-c.
PI. l 1 , f i g s . 1 - 3 .
Globigerina bulloides d'orbigny 1826, Ann. Sci. Nat.,
sCr. 1, v. 7, p. 277; modttles no. 17 and 76.
PI. 11, figs. 4 - 6 .
Globigerina connecta? Jenkins 1964, Micropaleontology,
v. 10, no. 1, p. 72, text-figs. la-c.
PI. l 0 , f i g s . 10-12.
Globigerina praebulloides Blow 1959, Bull. Am. Paleont., v. 39, no. 178, p. 180, pl. 8 , figs. 47a-c; pl. 9 , fig. 48.
P1. 11, figs. 10-12.
Globigerina pseudociperoensis B l o w = Globigerina
praebulloides pseudociperoensis Blow, in Bronnimann
and Renz (eds.) 1969, Proc. First Intl. Conf. Plankt. Microfossils, v. l , p. 381, 382, pl. 17, figs. 8, 9.
PI. 11, figs. 13-15.
Globigerina quinqueloba Natland 1938, Scripps Inst.
Oceanogr., Bull., Tech. Ser., v. 4, no. 5, p. 149, pl. 6 , figs.
7a-c.
PI. 11, figs. 18-20.
Globigerina cf. G . woodi Jenkins 1960, Micropaleontology, v. 6, no. 4, p. 352, pl. 2, figs. 2a-c.
PI. l 0 , f i g s . 13-15; pl. 11. ,figs. 7 - 9 .
Globigerinella obesa (Bolli) = Glohorotalia obesa Bolli
1957, U.S. Natl. Mus., Bull., no. 215, p. 119, pl. 29, figs.
2, 3.
P1. 1 0 , f i g s . 16-18.
Globigerinita glutinata (Egger) = Globigerina glutinata
Egger 1895, K. Bayer. Akad. Wiss., Miinchen, Math.Physik. CI., Abh., v. 18, pt. 2 (1 893), p. 371, pl. 13, figs.
19-21. Type-fig. in Ehrenberg 1893, K. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, Abh., Jahrg. 1872, pl. 2, figs. 24, 25.
PI. 1 1 , f i g s . 2 1 , 22. 2 6 . 27.
Globigerinita uvula ( E h r e n b e r g ) = Pylode.~ia u\,ula
Ehrenberg 1861, K. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berlin, Monatsber., p. 276, 277, 308.
PI. 11, figs. 1 6 , 17.
Globigerinoides altiaperturus Bolli = Globigerinoides
triloba altiapertura Bolli 1957, U.S. Natl. Mus., Bull., no.
215, p. 113, pi. 25, figs. 7a-c.
PI. 1 0 , f i g s . 19-21; pl. 1 2 ,figs. 3 - 5 .
Globigerinoides cf. Glr. primordius Blow and Banner
1962, in Eames et al. 1962, Fundamentals of Mid-Tertiary
Stratigraphical Correlation, p. 15, pl. ix, figs. D-F. [Transitional between Glr. altiaperturus and GIK primordius]
PI. 1 2 , figs. I , 2 .
Globigerinoides quadrilobatus (d'orbigny) = Globigerina quadrilobata d'orbigny 1846, Foram. Foss. Bass. Tert.
Vienne, p. 164, pl. 9, figs. 7-10.
P1. 1 2 , f i g s . 6 , 7 .
Globoquadrina baroemoenensis (LeRoy) = Globigerina
baroemoenensis LeRoy 1939, Nat. K. Tijdscher Ned.
Indie, v. 99, no. 6, p. 263, pl. 6, figs. 1, 2.
PI. 1 0 , figs. 22-24.
Mic~ropaleontology,vol. 3 6 , no. 1 , 1990
Globoquadrina venezuelana (Hedberg) = Globigerina
\,enezuelana Hedberg 1937, Jour. Paleont., v. 11, no. 8 , p.
681, pl. 92, figs. 7a, b.
P1. 1 2 , figs. 8-10.
Coquimba cf. C . schencki (LeRoy) = Cyihereis schencki
LeRoy 1943, Jour. Paleont., v. 17, no. 4, p. 371, pl. 58,
figs. 9-14; text-fig. 2u.
PI. 1 3 , f i g s . 7 , 8 .
Globorotalia cf. Glr. acrostoma Wezel = "Globorotalia"
acrostoma Wezel 1966, Riv. Ital. Paleont., v. 72, no. 4, p.
1298, pl. 101, figs. 1-12, text-fig. 1.
P1. 1 0 , figs. 25-27.
Hemicytherura sp.
PI. 1 3 , f i g . 15.
Globorotalia birnageae Blow 1959, Bull. Am. Paleont., v.
39, no. 178, p. 210, pl. 17, figs. 108a-c.
P1. 1 0 , f i g s . 28-30.
Globorotalia mayeri Cushman and Ellisor 1939, Cushman
Lab. Foram. Res., v. 15, pt. 1, p. 11, pl. 2, figs. 4a-c.
PI. 1 2 , f i g s . 17-19.
Globorotalia praescitula Blow = Globorotalia scitula
praescitula Blow 1959, Bull. Amer. Paleont., v. 39, no.
178, p. 221, pl. 19, figs. 128a-c.
PI. 12, figs. 23-25.
Globorotalia praescitula-Glr. zealandica transitional
form.
PI. 1 2 , figs. 20-22.
Globorotalia zealandica Hornibrook 1958, N. Z. Jour.
Geol. Geophys., v. 1, no. 4, p. 667, pl. 673, figs. 18, 19,
30.
Pl. 1 2 , f i g s . 14-16
Globorotaloides suteri Bolli 1957, U.S. Natl. Mus., Bull.,
no. 215, p. 117, pl. 27, figs. 9-13.
PI. 1 2 , figs. 26-28.
Neogloboquadrina continuosa ( B l o w ) = Globorotalia
opima continuosa Blow 1959, Bull. Amer. Paleont., v. 39,
no. 178, p. 218, pl. 19, figs. 125a-c.
PI. 12,,figs. 11-13.
Protentellaprolixa? Lipps 1964, Tulane Stud. Geol., v. 2,
no. 4, p. 124, pl. 2, figs. 8a-9c.
PI. 1 0 ,figs. 31-33.
Tenuitellinata angustiumbilicata (Bolli) = Globigerina
Bolli 1 9 5 7 , U . S . Natl.
ciperoensis angustiu~r~bilicata
Mus., Bull., no. 215, p. 109, pl. 22, figs. 12a-c, 13a-c.
P1. 11, figs. 23-25.
"Hermanites" sp.
P1. 13,,fig. 11.
Kangarina sp.
PI. 1 3 , figs. 1 2 , 13
Loxoconcha cf. L. tamarindoidea Swain, in Swain and
Gilby 1974, Micropaleontology, v. 20, no. 3, p. 320, pl. 5 ,
figs. 1, 3, 4a, b; pl. 6, fig. 6.
PI. 1 3 , f i g s . 4 , 5 .
"Microcytherura" sp.
PI. 13, figs. 1 6 , 17.
Paracosta cf. P. huddlestoni Finger 1983, Micropaleontology, v. 29, no. 1, p. 88, pl. 3, figs. 1-8; pl. 10, fig. 6.
PI. 13, fig. 6.
Pectocythere sp.
PI. 13, figs. 9 , 10
CALCAREOUS NANNOPLANKTON
Coccolithus miopelagicus Bukry 197 1, San Diego Soc.
Nat. Hist., Trans., v. 16, no. 14, p. 310, pl. 2, figs. 6-9.
PI. 14, figs. l a , b .
Coccolithus pelagicus ( W a l l i c h ) S c h i l l e r 1 9 3 0 =
Coccosphaera pelagica Wallich 1877, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., ser. 4, v. 19, p. 348, figs. 1, 2, 5, 11, 12.
Not figured.
Coronocyclus nitescens ( K a m p t n e r ) B r a m l e t t e a n d
Wilcoxon 1967 = Umbilicosphaera nitescens Kamptner
1963, Ann. Naturhist. Museum, v. 66, p. 187-188, pl. 1,
fig. 5.
PI. 1 5 , f i g . 8 .
Cyclicargolithus floridanus (Roth and Hay) Bukry 197 1
= Coccolithus floridanus Roth and Hay 1967, Gulf Coast
Assoc. Geol. Soc., Trans., v. 17, no. 455, pl. 6 , figs. 1-4.
P1. 1 5 , figs. 1 0 , 11.
OSTRACODA
Ambostracon sp. A
PI. 13, figs. 1, 2 .
Ambostracon sp. B
P1. 13, fig. 3 .
Aurila cf. A. driveri (LeRoy) = Brachycythere driveri
LeRoy 1943, Jour. Paleont., v. 17, no. 4, p. 371, pl. 61,
figs. 6-10; pl. 62, figs. 17, 18; text-fig. 2y.
PI. 1 3 , fig. 4 .
Discoaster adamanteus Bramlette and Wilcoxon 1967,
Tulane Stud. Geol., v. 5, no. 3, p. 108-109, pl. 7, fig. 6.
PI. 1 5 , fig. 16.
Discoaster deflandrei Bramlette and Riedel 1954, Jour.
Paleont., v. 28, no. 4, p. 399, pl. 39, fig. 6, text-figs. la-c.
P1. 1 5 , figs. 25-27.
Discoaster exilis Martini and Bramlette 1963, Jour. Paleont., v. 37, no. 4, p. 852, pl. 104, figs. 1-3.
PI. 1 5 , f i g . 17.
K . L. Finger et al.: Calcareous microfossils in the lonler M o n t e r e Formation. California
Discoaster cf. D. intercalaris Bukry 1971, San Diego Soc.
Nat. Hist., Trans., v. 16, no. 14, p. 315, pl. 3, fig. 12; pl.
4 , figs. 1, 2.
PI. 15, figs. 1 2 , 13.
Discoaster signus Bukry 1971, Micropaleontology, v. 17,
no. 1, p. 48, pl. 3, figs. 3, 4.
PI. 15, fig. 18.
Discoaster stellulus Gartner 1967, Univ. Kansas, Paleont.
Contr., Pap. 29, p. 3, pl. 4, figs. 1, 2, 3a-c.
PI. 1 5 , figs. 1 4 , 15.
Discoaster variabilis Martini and Bramlette 1963, Jour.
Paleont., v. 34, no. 4, p. 854, pl. 104, figs. 4-8.
PI. 1 5 , figs. 1 9 , 2 0 .
Discoaster variabilis var.
PI. 1 5 , figs. 21-24.
Helicosphaera ampliaperta Bramlette and Wilcoxon
1967, Tulane Stud. Geol., v. 5, no. 3, p. 105, pl. 6, figs.
1-4.
PI. 14, figs. 9 a - l o b .
Helicosphaera carteri ( W a l l i c h ) K a m p t n e r 1 9 5 4 =
Coccosphaera carterii Wallich 1877, Ann. Mag. Nat.
Hist., ser. 4 , v. 19, p. 348, pl. 17, figs. 3, 4, 6, 7, 17.
PI. 1 4 , figs. 7 , 8 .
Helicosphaera intermedia Martini 1965, Butterworths
Sci. Publ., London, p. 404, pl. 35, figs. 1, 2.
P1. 1 4 , fig. 5 .
Helicosphaera mediterranea Miiller 1981, Senckenberg.
Lethaea, v. 61, no. 316, p. 427-435.
PI. 1 4 , fig. 6 .
Helicosphaera scissura Miller 198 1, Micropaleontology,
v. 27, no. 4, p. 433, pl. 3, figs. 1 0 a - l l b .
PI. 14, figs. l l a - 1 7 .
Sphenolithus belemnos Bramlette and Wilcoxon 1967,
Tulane Stud. Geol., v. 5, no. 3, p. 118, pl. 2, figs. 1-3.
PI. 1 5 , figs. l a - 2 b .
Sphenolithus heteromorphus Deflandre 1953, Acad. Sci.,
C. R., v. 237, p. 1785-1786, figs. 1, 2.
PI. 1 5 , figs. 3a-4h.
Sphenolithus moriformis (Bronniman and Stradner)
B r a m l e t t e a n d W i l c o x o n 1 9 6 7 = Nannoturbella
morijormis B r o n n i m a n a n d S t r a d n e r 1 9 6 0 , E r d o e l Zeitschr., v. 76, p. 368, figs. 11-16.
PI. 1 5 , f i g s . 5 , 6 .
APPENDIX: LOCALITY REGISTER
All localities are registered in the University of California
Museum of Paleontology as listed below. Samples from each
locality are deposited in the Museum under those numbers.
Original field measurements made in 1964 were in feet and
map measurements made in 1989 were in meters.
All GC localities were collected in the bed of Graves Creek,
San Luis Obispo County, California, on 13 May 1964 by Jere
H. Lipps, AlfredR. Loeblich, Jr., andHelenTappan. GC-numbers refer to field notes of Lipps. SL-I was collected independently by K. L. Finger and D. J. DePaolo in 1987.
UCMP 10831 (= GC-1Sa)
In the bed of Graves Creek under the Monterey Road bridge.
2V2 feet of section included in the sample, starting at the base
of the exDosure u~sectionto a thin sandstone bed about 2
inches thi'ck. The base of the section is 4l/2 feet north of the
second bridge pier at west end of bridge. Luisian.
UCMP 10832 (= GC-15b)
In bed of Graves Creek for 21h feet of section from top of
thin sandstone bed of sample 1083 1. From 2V2 to 5 feet above
base of section exposed under bridge. Luisian.
UCMP 10833 (= G C - 1 5 ~ )
In bed of Graves Creek for 1V2 feet of section above sample
10832. From 5 to 6V2 feet above base of section exposed
under bridge. Luisian.
Lithostromationperdurum Deflandre 1942, Acad. Sci., C. R., v. 214, p. 918, text-figs. 1-9. PI. 1 5 , fig. 7.
UCMP 10834 (= GC-1Sd)
In bed of Graves Creek including 41/2 feet of section above
sample 10833. From 6V2 to 11 feet above base of section
exposed under bridge. Section with sandstone and chert interbeds. Luisian.
Pontosphaera vigintiforata (Kamptner ex Deflandre) =
Discolithus vigintiforata Kamptner 1948, ~ s t e r r e i c h .
Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturw. Kl., Sitzber., Abt. 1, v. 157,
no. 1, p. 5, pl. 1, figs. 8a, b.
PI. 15,fig. 9 .
UCMP 10837 (= GC-1)
Outcrop of well-bedded, light tan mudstone dipping NW on
the east side of Graves Creek, approximately 165 m south of
the Frank residence. Relizian.
Reticulofenestra gartneri Roth and Hay 1967, Gulf Coast
Assoc. Geol. Soc., Trans., v. 17, p. 449, pl. 7, fig. 1.
PI. 1 4 ,figs. 2-4.
Sphenolithus abies? Deflandre 1953, Acad. Sci., C. R., v.
237, p. 1785-1787.
Not figured.
UCMP 10838 (= GC-2)
In bed of Graves Creek, about 20 m south of locality GC-1
and 10-15 feet stratigraphically below GC-1. Relizian.
UCMP 10839 (= GC-3)
On southern edge of bed of Graves Creek, approximately 40
feet stratigraphically below GC-2, in bedded mudstone between massive coarse-grained sandstone beds 6-12 inches
thick. Relizian.
Micropaleontology. vol. 36, no. 1, 1990
UCMP 10840 (= GC-4)
In bed of creek, 6 feet stratigraphically below GC-3 in tanbrown bedded mudstone. Relizian.
---, 1953b. Ecology and paleoecology of some California
foraminifera. Part I. Foraminifera1evidence of subsidence rates in the
Ventura Basin. Journal of Paleontology, 27(2):200-203.
UCMP 10841 (= GC-5)
In bed of creek, about 20-25 feet stratigraphically below
GC-4. Relizian.
, 1964. Cenozoic planktonic foraminiferal zonation. Micropaleontology, 10:1-17.
UCMP 10842 (= GC-6)
In bed of creek, about 15 feet stratigraphically below GC-5.
Relizian.
, 1972a. Late Paleogene-Neogene planktonic biostratigraphy and
its geologic implications, California. In: Stinemeyer, E. H., Ed.,
Proceedings of the Pacific Coast Miocene Stratigraphic Symposium.
Bakersfield: Pacific Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists
and Mineralogists, 37-5 1.
UCMP 10843 (= GC-7)
In bed of creek, about 20-25 feet stratigraphically below
GC-6. Relizian.
, 1972b. Neogene planktonic foraminiferal zones, California, and
some geologic implications. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology,
Palaeoecology, 12:131-150.
UCMP 10844 (= GC-8)
In bed of creek, 40 feet stratigraphically below GC-7. Relizian.
UCMP 10845 (= GC-9)
BANDY, 0 . L., and ARNAL, R. A,, 1957. Distribution of Recent
foraminifera off west coast of Central America. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Bulletin, 41(9):2037-2053.
, 1960. Concepts of foraminiferal paleoecology. American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Bulletin, 44(12): 1921-1932.
, 1969. Middle Tertiary basin development, San Joaquin Valley,
California. Geological Society of America, Bulletin, 80:703-820.
UCMP 10846 (= GC-10)
In bed of creek. 10 feet stratigraphically below GC-9. Relizian.
BANDY, 0 . L., and INGLE, J. C., JR., 1970. Neogene planktonic events
and radiometric scale, Califomia. Geological Society of America,
Special Paper 124:131-172.
UCMP 10847 (= GC-11)
BANDY, 0 . L., MORIN, R. W., and WRIGHT, R. C., 1969. Definition
of the Catapsydrax stainforthi zone in the Saucesian Stage, California. Nature, 222:468469.
UCMP 10848 (= GC-12)
In bed of creek, 10 feet below GC-11. Relizian.
BANNER, F. T., and BLOW, W. H., 1965. Progress in the planktonic
foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Neogene. Nature, 208: 11641166.
UCMP 10836 (= GC-13)
About 500 m south of Frank residence in bed of Graves Creek.
Outcrops in bed exposed through creek sands. Saucesian.
UCMP 10835 (= GC-14)
In bed of Graves Creek, about 13 feet stratigraphically below
GC- 13. Saucesian.
UCMP 10849 (= SL-1)
Outcrop on north side of Santa Lucia Road approximately 50
m west of the intersection with Los Gatos Road, Saucesian
Atascadero, San Luis Obispo County, California.
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Manuscript received August 3 1, 1989
Manuscript accepted December 19, 1989

Biostratigraphy and Depositional Environments of Calcareous

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