Egyptian self-taught (Arabic) : containing alphabet and

Transcription

Egyptian self-taught (Arabic) : containing alphabet and
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN piEGO
3 1822 01898 3668
fHE UNIVEf?5;iTY LlRRARY
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. SAN CIEGO
LA JOLLA. CALIFORNIA
Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive
in
2008
witii
IVIicrosoft
funding from
Corporation
littp://www.arcliive.org/details/egyptianselftaugOOtliim
EGYPTFAN COINAGE.
SILVEE.
2
10 riASTKt.H, Tariff.
1
Piastres, T.
Piastre, T.
NICKEL.
1
[P.O. 619H.]
Rlll.I.U-MK.
2
M
II.I.IKMES.
[See p.
80.]
MARLBOROUGH'S
SELF-TAUGHT
SERIES.
Egyptian Self-Taught
(ARABIC).
CONTAINING
—
—
Alphabet and Pronunciation
Vocabularies Elementary Grammar Idiomatic
Phrases & Conversations Travel Talk
Money, Weights and Measures.
—
—
—
BY
CAPTAIN
C.
A.
THIMM.
Fourth Edition, Revised and Enlarged by
MAJOR
R.
A.
MARRIOTT,
London
E.
MARLBOROUGH &
CO.,
D.S.O.
:
51,
1914.
[all rights reserved.]
Old
Bailey,
E.C
—
NOTE TO THIRD EDITION.
been the fashion since the occupation of Egypt
It has
speak
to
slightingly of the colloquial form of Arabic in use there.
This
is
partly because,
as
is
the case in every country, the
commoner forms of speech seem uncouth and unclassical to
students who have learnt their Arabic either in universities, from
viunshis in India, or from Syrians (who are frequently in Egypt
the professed instructors).
The basis of the common speech is, however, classical, though
not directly recognisable as such. The fact that some of the words
have not been encountered in the comparatively scanty literature
of the Arabs, nor in the Koran, does not preclude them from being
Arabic, though the forms of speech may not rank higher than such
English forms as shan't,
ain't,
and Tve.
Take, for instance, the word so often heard balldsh, gratis (used
This is the
often where "gratis" is scarcely the trahslation).
Egyptian form
of bila shcy,
via shcy, like the ne
negative
is
without anything; and mush (not) is
in French, though the proper
and pas
ind, Id, or leyss.
The Egyptian language has
also the characteristic of using
many
words in their diminutive form. Thus md, water, becomes moyyah
saghir, small, saghayijar, hence also the form sliutudyyah which
again is scarcely recognisable in the expression bi shtveysh meaning
slowly.
Further, letters are sometimes transposed
zog, a pair,
becomes guz yiVan becomes yin'al, the most common expletive in
" May your father be cursed"
use, in the form yin'al abuk !
;
:
;
1
Some
scholars are of opinion that the Egyptian Arabic, showing
kinship with the Aramaic,
is
entitled to as high a place in the
pedigree of the langua.ge as
is
the language of the Koran.
Everyone of standing or education in Egypt speaks with a
superstructure of good Arabic, so that a student of the language
may rest assured that as he advances in knowledge of the
expressions and words used amongst the educated natives he i?
learning Arabic which will stand
him
in good stead elsewliere.
R.
CUelintiford, Iy07,
A.
MARRIOTT.
PREFACE.
THIS
intended as a practical handbook of
spoken in Egypt, for the Army and
Navy, Travellers, Missionaries and Traders, in the Nile Valley
and Delta, or in the Sudan.
little
manual
is
colloquial Arabic, as
By the use of this book, students, tourists and others will find
they are quite competent to make themselves understood by all
classes of Arabs met with in Egypt, the Sudan, and a considerable
part of North Africa.
Full Vocabularies of words in
common, every-day use
are sup-
comprehensive list of Military
terms and a useful section of Conversational Phrases and Sentences
of a practical character.
In addition an outline of the Grammar
of Arabic is given, and students of the Language will find this of
great assistance in mastering the construction of sentences.
plied,
including
a
particularly
In the Vocabularies the plural has in most cases been added
to
the nouns, as well as the imperative of the verbs, which also
occasionally presents diificulties.
The system of transliteration adopted is of a simple and phonetic
and is clearly laid down at the commencement of the
book, where the forms of the Arabic. characters are given, together
character,
with a full explanation of the peculiarities of pronunciation, the
Egyptian rendering of the Arabic alphabet, and the equivalent
sound of each letter in English thus supplying the key to the
second column throughout.
—
Thanks are due to Professor Flinders Petrie for revising the
and to Sir Alfred Milner, K.C.B., Dr. Andrew Watson,
Captain H. C. Prichard, Mr. D. A. Cameron and others for useful
suggestions made.
proofs,
CONTENTS.
PAGE
The Alphabet
5
The Forms of the Letters
Remarks on the Pronunciation
of Arabic
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Pood and Drink
Human
Body, The
Militan-y Titles
Naval and Military Terms
Numbers:
6
8
—
Pages 12 to 60.
Animals, Birds and Fishes
Colours
Commercial and Trading Terms
...
...
...
Countries and Nations ...
Eating and Cooking Utensils
Fruits, Trees, Flowers, Herbs and Vegetables
Government Ministries and Administrations
House and Furniture
...
...
...
...
Mankind: Relations
Dress
Vocabularies.
...
Cardinal, Collective...
...
...
14
34
59
31
21
16
45
22
18
19
20
16
46
47
32
Conjunctions,
34 to 45
Interrogatives, Prepositions, Pronour^s, Verbs ...
24
Professions and Trades
60
Religious Words for Missionary \Yorkers
15
...
...
...
...
Reptiles and Insects
25
Ships and Shipping
28
Shooting Implements and Fishing Tackle
29
Time and Seasons
23
...
...
...
...
...
...
Town and Country
26
Travelling
12
World and its Elements, The
13
Land and Water Minerals and Metals
27
Writing
Parts of Speech: Adjectives, Adverbs,
etc..
;
The Grammar of Arabic— Pages
61 to 66.
—The Verb Auxiliary Verbs General Formation
Tenses — Pronoun — Formation of Plurals — Definite
Article — Negative — Adjective — Polite Diction.
Conversations. —Pages 67 to 79.
Remarks
:
;
of
Directions to Workmen
Travel Talk Arrival
:
An Excursion
On
the Nile
The Railway
Simple and Practical Phrases
Useful and Necessary Expressions
Weights and Measures
Egyptian Money
..
72
73
76
77
74
68
67
79
80
EGYPTIAN LANGUAGE
(ARABIC).
PHONETIC TRANSLITERATION.
1.
THE ALPHABET.
The Arabic Alphabet
letters, all of
guages,
is
composed of the 2S following
which are written,
from the right hand
like
to the
most Eastern Lanleft.
assumes a different form according to
the beginning, middle or
its
Each
position
when
at the
at
end of the word.
The following characters are written:—1. when totally unconnected with any other
2.
letter
letter.
end of a word, or joined only
to the
letter preceding.
3.
when connected with the preceding and following
letters.
4.
when
at the beginning of a
the letter following.
word, or joined only
to
THE FORMS OF THE LETTERS.
When
Name.
unconnected with
other
characters.
When
Final,
joined to
preceding
only.
!
I
Bey
^
V^
Tey
c^
ViA
They
CJ
t^
Alif
joined to other letters.
Medial,
joined to
preceding
and
following.
A
A
A
Initial,
joiued to
following
only.
|
Pronunciation
in Egypt.
—
a
^
b
J
t
'J
t
(Arabic th
or
s)
Gim
c
r
rs\
s-
g (Arabic j)
Ha
C
i^V
s>.
h
Kha
t
e
e
^\.
^
kh
<:>
tX
—
—
d
Dal
Zal
Rey
6
z
tX
—
r
;
7 y
;
> /
Sin
LT
LT*
A«A
•M/
8
Shin
LT
lA
AWb
•w
sh
Sad
UO
(j^
J>D.
^
s
Dhad
U^
c>A
-^
^
d
Zeyn
z
\Ylien joined to othe
'
letters.
When
unconnected witli
other
characters.
Name.
Final,
joined to
preceding
only.
Medial,
joined to
preceding
and
following.
Initial,
joined to
following
only.
Pronunciation
In Egypt.
h
h.
k
J^
t
h
^
k
\b
Z
'Ain
e
t
A
&
aa
Ghain
t
d
A
h
gh
Fey
o
v^
A
i
f
(J-
A
'i
q {or g)
Tha
Zha
{or
Dha)
Kaf
O
^d
Lam
J
J^
j\Iim
r
r
Nun
'J
^
A
Hey
s
&
^
Wilu
^
^
Yey
^
(5
Qaf
The forms
I
j 6
»
^JL
\
and
,
s:
^
JL
Many
^
k
J
1
A
m
J
D
»
h
w, u.
A
V
I
are used as connecting letters.
From J and Lam-Alif are formed^
From j (n) and is, (kh) is formed the
\
S
or
lil,
in connection
ligature
ii.
other ligatures are formed, especially in writing.
^
—
REMARKS ON THE PRO^'UNCIATION OP ARABIC.
Where in English we have more than one pronunciation for
we are content to leave it so, but the Arabic alphabet
a letter
contains
a
different
two
s,
two
d,
— which
sounds
2,
last are
(as far as
English
real difficulties are
until
is
some mastery
The
more
subtle,
as the chief difficulties
but though strange to our
;
been obtained.
a sound
is
purposes.
practical
and very often not recognized
of the language has
c, transcribed 'din,
c
concerned) peculiar
they are soon mastered sufficiently for
ears,
two
t,
and two k sounds, besides the c and the
These two are often quoted
to Arabic.
language.
the
in
has two h sounds, two
v, it
in mastering the Arabic pronunciation
The
sound
every
for
letter
Though Arabic has no j? and
which
vowel-sounds of a (long), ee (English), and
is
u,
linked with the
but generally with
the a, and can be distinguished from ^hem, even by a not very
It can be attained
by
produced far back and down
in
precise ear.
the
muscles must be developed to produce
never imitate the sound at the
The
which
c (ghain)
is
much more
in the
the
'
German
gargling
The
loch,
is
a vowel-sound
Special
so that a
it,
easily acquired, as it is a
'
r.
in
the
r 'grasseyS' in French,
position whilst pronouncing
of ch in the
German
<».
(g'tni) is,
The
*-
(hd)
is
and
r.
sound
language.
in Egypt,
of the Scotch
In Egyptian
it is
pronounced as a hard
Arab population keep the correct
is
sound
It requires the muscles of the throat to be in
harder by placing the muscles of the throat as in clearing
The
throat-
European can
attempt.
p- (hlid) represents nearly the
and
throat.
approached very nearly in many European tongues
is
Northumbrian English,
in
first
and
practice,
'
as in
it.
but the
soft y.
quite as difficult as the 'atn to
the sound of h in
g,
c/i,
rendered
master.
hard,' emitted with great force,
and
It
is,
as
the last difficulty to be overcome, because the importance
a rule,
of the distinction
is
not at
first
an extra syllable, and when
'
This ako
recogniz<jd.
In words like suhk,
the back of the throat.
it
made
is
morning/
'
at
gives
it
occurs twice in a word (as sakih,
true,') it presents a great difficulty.
The
J
('Z''/)
is
peculiar to Arabic, and
a throat h which
is
seems to present some trouble even to Arabic-speaking peojjle,
because it is generally rendered by the sound of a hard g, and in
Cairo
f»^
qoom
Get up
!
')
The
The
ing
it
^
is
(til)
like
does not
an
is
called
Daqlqali, 'a minute,'
transcribed.
is
would sound
lapse of this
considerably to the difficulty of grasping
adds
Cairo
in
words] therefore special attention
q
('
'oom in Cairo and goom in the provinces.
like
q
Thus
inaudible.
is
s
call for
when
is
words
to
and
it
is
to
is
to
Properly speak-
most Arabs, even in
a German or French-
generally given the sound of
Arabic, but in colloquial Egyptian
it
the
which
pronounced da-ee-a*
much comment.
lisped,
Arabia, as difficult to pronounce as
man, and consequently
is
in
s
in official
has only the sound of
f.
—
The subtler distinctions made between the
^^ja, u^, h and H
two kinds of s, d, t and z are not very important to a beginner,
but as the student advances he will have to make the distinctions,
especially
when he comes
to writing.
difTcrence consists in pronouncing the
t
and
2 far
It
^j.*,
may
^,
be said that the
Is
and
4>
as
s,
d,
back in the throat, ending the sound by the tongue
approaching the palate instead of the front teeth.
To
recapitulate, the alphabet
is
given as
follows,
in
order,
stating only the equivalent sounds with regard to the Egyptian
language.
Alif,
I
most frequently as a
in father;
sometimes more like
the u in but.
wJ
Beij, like the
O
Tei/,
*
As Cairo
English
like the English
is
b.
t.
the capital and the centre of erlucatiou,
the country pronounce
tlic
Qaf similarly.
all officials Id
10
^
Tltey, like the
«^
Glm
9-
Hd.
^
Klid.
i
Dal, like the English
d.
3
Zdl, like the English
z.
^
J
j
English
(See p. 9.)
t.
(gcem), like the English hard g.
Among the Arabs
is called jeem, and pronounced soft, like g in germ.
it
(See
p. 8.)
(See
like
7?e//,
Zci/n,
p. 8.)
English r (or rather rr)
like the
English
^_f^
Shi (seen), like the English
^
Shin (sheen), like the English
,jo
Sad, like the English
^
s.
\
y
Ji
D/ia, or ^/ia, like the English
"^
p
-1
/-.,
.
Ghdm.
sh,
s.
Dhdd, like the Englisli d.
,^,
nuT^
Tha, like .1
the English t.
,
{
r
.
(See p. 8,
r
in terror.
z.
— and
,r,
(^See p.
'
I
z.
9.)
'
j
11 for transcription.)
p.
)
like the
English /.
y^J
Fcij,
^
J
J
hard ^ in the provinces, in Cairo inaudible.
(See p. 9.)
English h.
the
like
Kdf,
Lam, like the English /.
^
Qdf,
like a
J\Ihn (meem), like the
(J
iV(7)i
(noon),
a
7^e(/,
like the
English
like the English
?«.
?i.
When it has two dots over it (t)
English h.
In Egyptian, words properly ending in *
as if it were 5.
becomes a t.
are pronounced
it
6
Wdu
o
Yei/,
(woic), has the sound of w, or of oo as in soon, according to circumstances.
like the
English
y,
and terminally has
also the
sound
of ee in English.
to
The beginner will do well not to spend too much time in attempting
master the various forms of the letters (pp. G, 7) they will be learnt in
a practical
;
way by
trying to read words,
names
of stations, streets, &c.
In order to render the pronunciation as given in these pages
and as clear as possible without attempting to distinguish the more delicate inflections of sound, which might serve
as concise
11
—
only to confuse tlie reader namely, the different kinds of -s d, t,
Mui c,— the following transcription is given, and should be
continually referred to by the learner until he is familiar with it.
?t
in but.
o long, for the
,,
,,
a
in father.
zt
short,
short,
,,
,,
e in
met.
u
long,
i
short,
,,
,,
i
tit-bit.
di (or ay),
I
long,
,,
,,
ee in meet.
cif^
short,
,,
,,
an
a short,
a long,
e
'«, 'e,
for the
'•/,
sound
of
iu
work.
in
of o hwpole.
,,
n
,,
00 in soon,
,,
,,
i
,,
,,
ai in tvain.
.,
,,
oiv in cow.
,,
in put.
in wine,
'aln,
'n, for the different vowel-inflections of the ^
'»/»/
and
seventy
('
saZ^'m
to'),
'),
('belonging
as Ufa
'o,
kh for the sound of ch
not nearly so
A
sound
,,
hard
soft,
for
gli,
for c (ghdin), as in
comma
is
Meghagha
but
it
is
(station south of Caim).
following a letter, as in rd,{s
represents the hamza
The difference
voice.
ich,
as in subh ('morning'), sahlh ('true').
h
/(.,
and German
more raucous.
in loch
and
inflection,
which
is
('
head,' or
a sort
'
foreman'),
of catch in the
in the pronunciation is exemplified by the
house and an ice house.
nice
a
between
difference
In
All other letters given will be pronounced as in English.
a few cases the acute accent has been inserted for the accented
syllable, ns Iraldhna, 'we wrote.'
—
Notes on the Tonic Accent. -The tonic accent or stress falls
naturally on a syllable containing a vow^el marked with along or an
acute accent;
e.g., tdra, f/hordb, inardl;hi,
It is also indicated
occurrence of the hard
eh'iia,
taldmza, mosl;6wi,
by the duplication of
/*.
;
letters
allcih.
and by the
e.g., iiiakJmd'dah, arhag't/i,
felnk'hah,
istah'kam.
The
{'ain),
f.
quiring more
except in the rare case of
its
being
final, re-
effort to pronounce, also indicates the accent
;
e.g.,
bit'ai.
many
instances where the stress is not specially indicated,
e.g., heijtah,
quite naturally on the right syllable
tarabei/zah, diinanmalt (hey'tah, tarabey'zah, dunan'mah).
In other cases, where no vowel in a word is accented, the
In
it
falls
;
have equal stress laid on them e.g., i/Jiada, nafas,
sanawat d (jamal.
The final ah of nouns and adjectives, representing the
must from its nature have less stress than the preaspirate «
it has not been thought
ceding syllable in two-syllable words
necessary, therefore, to accent such words as labaaJi, uardah.
syllables
;
iahrah, maksab,
,
:
•
Annroachinsi the short
?t
in valuo.
12
VOCABULARIES.
ABBREVIATIONS.
Ii.— Lower Egypt.
U.— Upper Egypt.
Plti. Plural.
Imp. Imperative.
N.B.—The
denotes the preseuce of yey (see page 10) in the Arabic, as
does also final i. Thus 'arableh (carriage) when plural becomes 'aralniiut
as the yey in such words has more of the sound value of y. The feminine
ah becomes at before a vowel, e.g., es sikkat el hadid (the railway).
I
1.
The World and
English.
its
Arabic—Phonetic
God
Allah
Creator
world
sky
khali q
sun
moon
Elements.
Pronunciation.
dunya
sama, gau
shems, sems
(l.),
shemsh
air
qamar
nigmah
haua
earth
ard
water
moyyah
fire
animal
nar
bahr
hay wan, plu. haywanat
cattle
pill,
nature
tab'iah
light
niir
dark
weather
atmah, zalara
haua
wind
rih, plu. aryfih
storm
nau
ghaim
matar
star
sea
cloud
rain
snow,
ico
hail
tIniDder
lightning
bahayim
telg
bard, galld
ra'ad
barq
(u.)
13
AnABic.
English.
— Phonetic
heat
shahurah
hararah
cold
bard, barid
North
South
East
bahri,
fog-
rroiiuiici;i
shemal
qibli
sharq
gharb
zoba'ah
West
whirlwiiiil
North-wind
earthquake
tiyab
zilzilah, phi. zalazil
echpse of the sun
echpse of the moon
inkisaf
|
khusuf
Land and Water.
2.
Lahd
ard
island
gezlrah, plu. gazayir
mountain
gebel,
valley
wadi
2^Ztt.
gibfil
river
bahr, plu. bubiir
lake
birkah
water
rock
moyyah
wave
mogah,
sakhrah, plu. sukhui
•
2jZ».
dmwag
barr, shati, sahil
gineynah, plu. ganayii
shore
garden
reservoir
mound
the first cataract
the second cataract
khazzan
kom, plu. kiman
shallalah el auwal
shallalah et-tani
tin
clay
clear water
cold water
moyyah rayqah
moyyah baridah
moyyah sukhnah
hot water
3.
Min erals and Metals.
Gold
dahab
silver
faddah
copper
nahhas alimar
nahhas asfar
brass
iron
hadid
u
Arabic— Phonetic
English.
Pronunciation.
tanak
bulad
tin
safleh,
steel
solb,
lead
coal (charcoal stone)
rusas
fahra hagar
marble
rokham
stone
hagar
sand
metal
mineral
rami, ramleh
m'adan, jjIu. ma'adin
fahm hatab
m'adani
amber
kahraman
granite
gravel
sa^van
charcoal
local
hasil,
mercury
)
quicksilver
j
5.
Animal
haswah
zeybaq
Animals, Birds a^d Fishes.
horse
Ijaywan, plu. haywanat
hosan, plu. kheyl
cow
baqarah
calf
igl, plu.
lion
sab'a, pZ». sub'ua
lioness
labwah, ^du. labwat
khanzlr, plu. khanazir
pig
sheep
lamb
goat
dog
cat
agul
ghanam
kharuf, ^jZ?/. khirfan
m'izah, jdn. ma'iz
kelb, f»ZM. kelab
hare
qottah, plu. qotat
arnab, plu. aranib
AVOlf
dib, plu. diyab
fox
ta'aleb
mouse, rat
far, plu. firan
cock
dik, plu.
doyuk
hen
farkhah,
^jZu.
fowl
teyr,
chicken
goose
wizzah, plu. wizz
firakh
tiyur
katkut, 2>Zw. katakit
2jZ((.
15
Arabic— Phone tic
English.
duck
l^ronunciation.
bird
batta, plu. batt
asfur, }du. asafir
dove
yamnamah,
eagle
nisr, plu.
crow
turkey
ghorab
dik rumi
pelican
rakhamah
^)?».
yamam
nesur
birdlime
dibk
owl
pigeon
burnah
hawk
partridge
saqr
hagal
fish
samak
lobster
cattle
abu-galambo
ma-washi, bahayim
mule
camel
baghlah, plu. bigbfil
gamal, plu. ginial
hump
hamamah,
of the camel
sanamat
el
plu.
hamam
gamal
donkey
dromedary
honiar, plu. hemir
haglu, plu. hegana
elephant
horse shoe
hide (of a beast)
fll, plu. afyal
liidwa, plu. liadawi
horn
monkey
gelud
qurn, plu. qorun
nisnas, plu. nasanis
gild, plu.
quail
simmanah
sandgrouse
qatt'a
gazelle
ghazal
5.
{bovine)
Rep tiles and
Insects.
bee
dddah, 2'^"- <iud
namlah, plu. naml
dibbanah, }dii, dibban
nalilab, phi. nahl
flea
barghut, plu. baraghit
spider
crocodile
'ainkabiit
wasp
mosquito
dabbur, plu. dobablr
namiisah, plu. namus
moth
ittah
White ant
ant
fly
timsali, 2>lu.
tamash
16
Arabic— Phonetic
English
baqqah, phi. baqq
hasharah, waghish
DUg
insect
dabib, ha-wam
dofd'ah, plu. dafad'ih
reptiles
6.
Pronunciation.
Fruit, Trees
,
Flowers, Herbs and Vegetables
Fruits
apple
pear
fawakih
plum
tree
barkukah, plu. barkuk
shagarah, pin. ashgar, or
nut
walnut
gozah
goz
tiflah
kommittrah
grapes
'aneb
lemon
leymun
[shagar
oak
ballut
rose
wardah
flower
grass
zahrah, jdu. zuhur
x
hashish
herbs
barley
sha'ir
negll
koronb
gazar
cabbage
carrots
cauliflower
celery
karnabit
karafs
cinnamon
qirfah
clove
qor6nfil
corn
ghallah or qamlj
garlic
torn
melon
battikh
yellow melon
abdel-lawi,
olives
zeytun
onions
bassal
7.
Body
skin
The
Human
shamam
Body.
gasad, gism
gild, ;;Zit. gelud
heart
qalb, plu. quiub
liead
ras, plu. ru-us
hair
sh'arab, plu. sh'ar
17
English.
Arabic— Phonetic
face
wish, wegli
forehead
eye
nose
gibhah
Pronunciation.
'ayn, phi. 'ayun
manakhlr
nostrils
monkh^r
mouth
hanak,
tongue
lissan
ear
widn,
neck
back
'onq or rakabah, pin. rikab
fomm
jjZ».
audan
dahr
batn
m'ida
belly
stomach
eh in
qasabat errigl, saq, p Ji/. slqan
foot
rigl,
arm
hand
dira'a
qadam
yed
soba'a, plu. sawabi'a
finger
finger-nail
dofr, pill, adafir
thumb
bahim
eye-lid
gifn, plu. gifiin
eye-brow
hagib, phi. hawagib
rimsh, phi. rimusli
eye-lash
tooth
sinn, phi. assnan
molar
ders, phi. adras
beard
elbow
blood
lungs
dakn
blindness
'am a
akhras
ku'a, phi. akw'a
dam
fish shah
dumb
deaf
atrash
mayyifc
dead
alive
'ayish, hai
naked
aryan
masarin
bowels
navel
right-hand
sorrah
yemin
shemal
left-hand
hand (palm
of the)
kalf
breath
nafas
drum
somakh
of the ear
Egyptian S.T.
el
widn
Q
18
Ababio.— Phonetic Pronunciation.
English.
8.
Mankind; Relations.
People
nas
man
woman
ragil, 2)Zm. rigal
husband
parents
zog
zogah, marah
walad, plu. aulad
bint, plu. benat
walideyn
father
abu
mother
omm,
son
ibn,
wife
boy
girl
marah,
2'^"-
plu.
walad
nisswan
ommaliat
flu. abna
;
or beni,
aulad
daughter
bint
brother
sister
akhii, plu. akhwan
okbt, plu. akhawat
female
nitayah
male
dakar,
zakar
;
plu.
dokiir,
zokur
maid (virgin)
widow
widower
bride
bridegroom
fatherless
relation
relative
Christian
grand -child
grand -fat her
grand -mother
negro
negress
nephew
niece
bint bikr, plu. benat bukkar
azbah, armalah
azib
arusah, plu. arayis
arls, 2^lu. irsan
yatim
qarabah
qarib
maslhi, nusrani
ibn el ibn, ibn el bint, hafid
gidd
giddah
'abd, plu. 'abid
garyah, plu. guwar
ibn el akb, ibn el okht
bint el akh, bint el okbt
19
Arabic— Phonetic
English.
9.
Pronunciation.
Dress.
Coat
sitrah
cloak
barnus
qamis, pi. qumsan
sadeyrah
geyb, plu. go-yub
shirt
waistcoat
pocket
button
stockings
boots
gazmah
shoe
markiib,
zirr, plu. ezrar
shorabat, gorabat
kib,
gazmah
;
plu.
gloves
borneytah, plu. barauTt
mandll, plu. manadll
sa'ah
kiss, jilu. akyass
furshah, jylu. forash
misht, plu. amshat
guanti, kufuf
soap
sabiin
ring
khatim, plu. khawatim
hat
handkerchief
watch
purse
brush
comb
shawl
shal, plu. shilan
a pair of trousers
spectacles
necktie
bantal6n
nadarah
scissors
maqas
kirawatah
slippers
babiish
cloth
gukh
collar
cotton
y-aqah, plu. y-aqat
qotn
lace
tonteylali
needle
ibrah, plu. obar
drawers
libas
pin
thread
umbrella
mara-
gizam
dabbus
kheyt
shemsleh
0«
20
Arabic— Plionclic
English.
10.
Food and Drink.
Meat
lahm
breakfast
futur
lunch
ghada
supper, dinner
'asha
soup
shorbah
boiled
meat
fish
beef
mutton
pork
beans
lahm masluq
samak
lahm baqari
lahm dani
lahm khanzTr
fui
boiled eggs
fried eggs
rromiuciatioa.
(baked)
egg
omelet
cheese
beyd masluq
beyd maqli
beydah, ])lu. beyd
iggat beyd
gibnah
bread
'eysli
salt
melh
pepper
filfil
mustard
khardal
vinegar
salad
milk
khall
salata
leben
cream
sugar
qishtah
sukkar
tea
shai
cotfee
qahwah
moyyah
water
wine
bottle
nebid
qizazah, pin. qazayiz
glass
kubbayah
fresh bread
'eysh tazah
sauce
sausage
food
salsa
sogokk
driulc (to)
akl
shereb, vuperative ishrab
vegetables
khodar
21
Ababic— Phonetic
JEngiisa.
dates
belah
olives
zeytuii
cake
fetir,
celery
karafs
cauliflower
parsley
karnabit
kahk
cabbage
baqdonos
koronb
ii'ice
ruz
ibran
nokhalah
:a
Pronunciation.
loqmah
marakah
nioutliful
ibrotli
scliicken
<cream
katkut,
qishtah
flour
deqiq
a glass of wine
a glass of water
kubbayah nebid
kubbayah nioyyah
limonada
lemouade
11.
Table cloth
table napkin
plate
dish
knife
fork
spoon
cup
jjZ».
kataklt
Eating and Cooking Utensils.
ghata es soffrah
futah es soffrah
sahn, tabaq
sahn
sikkln, plu. sakakin
shokah
ma'alaqah
fingan, plu. fanagin
salt-cellar
mallahah
tea-pot
ibrik shai
frying-pan
miqlayah
kettle
ghallayah, ghallayat, ibrik
corkscrew
barimah
hoe
fas (l.), turiyeh (u.)
shovel
stove
tray
kureyk
oven
forn
kanun
tisht
filter
misfayah
hatchet
baltah
22
English.
12.
I
Akadic— Phonetic
Pronunciation.
House and Furniture.
The house
room
bed
bedstead
pillow
blanket
beyt
odah, pht. owad
farshah
el
seru'
makhaddab,
batanleh
milayah,
sheet
pin.
jjIu.
makhaddat
milayat
bab, pin. abwab
shibbak, plu. shebablk
gar as
heytah, plu. heytan
sath
ardieh
kursi, phi. karasi
door
window
bell
wall
roof
floor
chair
dlwan
sofa
carpet
looking-glass
saggadah, pin. saggadat
soffrah, tarabeyzah
furshah
mirayah, pin. niirayat
mattress
mertdbah
table
broom
quilt
fireplace,
lihaf
chimney
jug or pot
madkhanah
kuz
pail
sutl
towel
futah or bashkir; pZ». fuwat,
bashaklr
basin
tisht
bath (warm)
basket
hammam
candlestick
candle
lock
shamadan
mishannah, maqtaf, alaq
key
sham'a, plu. shumu'a
quflah, keylun
muftah, jilu. mafatlh
furniture
mobiliat
stable
isstabl
matches
kabrit
hasirah, plu. hosr
mat
t
23
Arabic— Phonetic
English.
bottle
qizazah,
landlord
tenant (or merchant)
muaggir,
rental
lease,
J^la.
Pronunciation.
qazayiz
saljib el- bey
tagir
(or
ugra
let
tub
beyt
wages)
bricks
house (a) to be
water closet
beyt
13.
town
Town and
(large)
medlnah,
madfiyin
2'^"-
street
village
'adcb,
Country.
beled
beled
sikkah, plu. sikak
country (native)
el
['adebkhanah
matbakh
kitchen
City, or
igar
111
mustarah,
square
maiddn
market
siik, }dii.
palace
church
tower
sarayah or qasr; 2^Zu. sarayat
qusur
kenlsah, kanayis
burg, 2'^!'. abrag
post
bosta
post-office
bosta, maliall el bosta
aswak
police-office
zabtleh
hospital
isbitaliah
exchange
bridge
borsa
qantarah,
custom-house
gumruk
prison
habs
dokkan,
lokanda
shop
hotel
castle, fortress
corner
foot
pavement
railway
field
])lu.
jjIu.
qanatir
dakakln
qal'aah
rukn, plu, arkan
balat
sikkat el hadid
gheyt, plu. ghitan
forest
ghabah, plu. ghabat
cross-road
arb'a mafariq
24
AnABic—Phonetic
English.
farm
Pronunciallon.
fence wall
gate
'abadieh
sur
bab, 2'^"-
path
tarlq
grass
hashish
mound
pyramid
kom, pin. kiman
haram, jdx. ahram
desert
gebel
road
tarlq, darb,
where does
lead to
abwab
this
road
es sikkah
sikkah
deh tawadlna feyn?
?
ii.
Professions and Trades.
Profession
kar, sena'ah
ambassador
elchi (Turkish)
professor, teacher
scholar (pupil)
doctor
mu'allim
medicine
chemist
policeman
dauvva
police
talmiz, plu. talauiza
hakim,
'alem, pin. 'ulama
(pin. hukama) doktor
;
kimawi
'askari
postman
zabtieh
wakil el bosta
bostagy
guard, station agent
wakil, or ra^is mahattah
or master
store-keeper
makhzangi
postmaster
bulls,
merchant
merchandise
tagir, pin. togar
clerk
katib
kutbi, plu. kutbiya
bookseller
buda'ah
bookbinder
mogallid kutub
shoemaker
gizamati, saramati
khayyat, pin. khayyatin
tailor
blacksmith
barber
haddad
mozayyin, hallaq
watchmaker
sa'ati
jeweller
gawahirgi
hakim 'oyun
oculist
25
Arabic— Phonetic
English.
laundress
farmer
porter (carrier)
lawyer
midwife
Pronunciation
ghassalah
muzari'a
shayyal, hannnal
avokato
dayah
khaddam, plu. khaddamin
servant
grocer
baqqal
groom
sayis,
sailor
bahri,
j^^^'-
siyas
marakbi
gentleman
khawagali (Persian)
lady
guide
sitt,
interpreter
motargim,
terguman
plu. sittat
dalll
dragoman
coachman
plu.
motargimin
arbiigi
carpenter
naggar,
watchman
ghafir,
fish-monger
sammak,
cutler
sakaklni
'abd
slave
naggarin
ghufara
jilu.
jilu.
plu.
sammakin
plaintiff
mudd'ai
defendant
appellant
auctioneer
baker
engineer
engraver
gardener
mudda'a
khabbaz, farran
mohdndis, jdu. mohandisin
naqqash
ganayni
gilder
talla
goldsmith
missionary
nurse
surgeon
sayigh
mursal, plu. mursalln
rahbah, j)lu. rahbat
dadah, ^^Zx. dadat
gavrah
Beduin chief
sheykh el-'orban
dallal
nun
15.
Steamer
'aleyh
mustanif
Sh ips and Shipping.
babiir, wabur
ship
boat, barge
merkeb,
mast
sari, plu.
^jZw.
marakib
sandal, plu. sanadil
sawari
.
26
Arabic.— Phonetic Pronunciation
EiiKlish.
markab
rudder
daffat el
sail
qil'a, pin.
oar
muqdaf, pin. maqadif
bandeyrah
flag
qulu'a
mersah
marakbi
anchor
sailor
drowned
boatman
gharaq
khartah
marakbi
fisherman
silyyad, plu.
afloat
'ayim
map
sayyadin
swimnwng
'om
cargo
steersman
wasqat, hamulah
fleet (of ships)
domangi
ghomanah, habl
dunanmah, plu. dunanmat
compass
ibrat
engineer (of the
steamer)
yacht
float of paddle-wheel
dockj/ard
Nile-barge
Nile house-boat
broker
brokerage
usta el
cable
wabur
yaht
muqdaf
tara
tarsanah
(dahabieb
qanga
samsar,
])ln.
pilot
samsarah
kalawuz
small boat
felukkah
16.
Voyage
samasrah
Travelling.
safar
journey
railway-station
mahattah
steamboat
wabiir
kabtan, ra^is
marakbi, bahri
captain
sailor
custom-house
key
gumruk
arrival
wusul
muftah, plu. mafatlt
27
Arabic— Phonetic
EnKlish.
Pronunciation.
train
sikkat el hadld
qattr
luggage
'afsh
bag
kis, i^lu. akyas
terguman, motargim,
pin. motargimln
tazkarah raih wa gai
hesab
pin. wosulat^
wasl, sanad
sanadat
diwau
railway
interpreter
return ticket
bill
receipt
;
office
guard's vaa
pillow
dispensa
arbaggi
rnakhaddah, pla. makhuddat
whip
tilah,
caravan
kaflah
barda'ah, plu. barad'ih
coachman
saddle (for a donkey)
saddle (for a horse)
strap
passenger-train
goods-train
kurbag
sarg, plu. suriig
traveller
seyr
qatr rukkab
qatr el buda'ab
musafir, pin. musafrin
travel (to)
carriage
'arableh, plu. 'arablyat
medicine
dauwa,
money
Pound
fulus
safar
jtlu.
adwiya
Pound (Egyptian)
Pound (Turkish)
giney [guinea) iuglizi
bintu
giney masri
giney magldi
When
el
(£1.)
Napoleon (20fr. piece)
does the train
qatr yisafir imta
leave ?
17.
Paper
Writing.
pen
waraq
waraq nashshaf
farkh waraq
faridat waraq
qalam, plu. aqlam
ink
hibr
blotting paper
sheet (of paper)
quire
(ditto)
?
^28
AuABic— I'bonetic
Knslish.
Prouunciatioii>
dawayah
matwah, plu. matawi
qalam rusas
sham'a ahmar
gawab or maktiib ^'Z». gawa-
inkstand
penknife
pencil
sealing-wax (red)
letter
;
makatib
bat,
date
signature
tarikh
imda
waraq danighah
post-stamp
manuscript
nuskhah, kitab khatt
write (to) (copy)
writing (s)
written
book
index
katab, imp. iktib
kitabah
maktiib
kitab, plu.
(of a book)
khatam, imp. ikhtim
imdi el gawab
seal (to)
sign the letter
post
bosta
post-ofiice
bosta,
postmaster
wakil
he
registered
kutub
fahrasah
diwan
el
el
bosta
el
gawab
bosta
the
letter (at the post-
huwa
saggar
office)
envelope
zarf
dictionary
qamiis
when does
leave
18.
the post
imta
tisafir el
bosta
?
?
Shooting Imfdements and Fishing Tackle.
Knife
pocket-knife
sikkin, plu. sakakin
nail (to)
matwah, jdu. matawi
qadum, shakush
mabrad, jjZw. mabarid
mismar, jdu. masamir
sammar, imp. sammar
axe
fas
saw
minshar,
grindstone
misann
bunduqieh
hammer
file
nail
gun
gunpowder
barud
2^^"'
manashir
29
English.
Ababic.
shot (a shot fired)
net
— Phonetic
Pronunciation.
darbali
sbabakah,
shabakat
sinnarah
fish-hook
basket
jila.
shibak,
or
mishannah
box
sanduk, jilu. sanadik
darb al barud
seyd
shooting
sport
at one shot
tobacco-pipe
bi-darbah, or bi-nishan wahid
qafl, plu. aqfal
shibuk, pht. shubukat
pistol
tabangah,
padlock
19.
/>Z».
tabangat
Time and Seasons.
Year
scnah, jdu. senin
month
shahr,
week
two weeks
day
hour
]ilu. ushhur
gum'aah, plu. gum'ailt
gum'ateyn
yom, ijIu. eyyam
sa'ah,
i)la.
sa'at
half-an-hour
nuss sa'ah
minute
deqiqah, idu. daqayiq
fasl or a wan, ylu. fosiil
season
Spring
rabl'a
Summer
Autumn
seyf
kharif
Winter
shita
shuliur es senah
shuhiir 'arabiya
shuhiir qibtlya
the months of the year
Lunar months
Coptic months
time
to-morrow morning
how many weeks ^
day-time
mid-day
every day
after to-morrow
waqt
bukra fi subh
kam guma'ah
nahar
ed duhr
kuU yom
to-day
b'ad bukra
en-nab ar-dch
to-morrow
bukra
?
80
Arabic— Phonetic
English,
January*
February
febrair
March
marss
yenair
April
abrll
May
mayeh
June
yunia
July
yulia
August
September
sebtember
aghostos
October
oktober
November
December
Sunday
Monday
nofember
dezember
yom el had
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday, or Sabbath
birthday
holiday
Christmas
Easter
dawn
morning
early
[ing
in
Pronunciation
the
morn-
evening
this evening
in the evening
yom
yom
yom
yom
yom
yom
el
etnin
et telat
el
arb'a
lihamis
el
gum'a
el
es sabt
maulid
batalah, 'eyd, fantasleh
'eyd el mllad
'eyd el qiyamah
fagr
subh or sabah
badri fi subh
maghrib
el
leylah deh or eleylahdeh
forenoon
maghrib
duhr
qabl ed duhr
aftei'noou
el 'asr,
night
leyl, jAu. layal
fil
noon
b'ad ed duhr
midnight
uuss el-leyl
yesterday
yesterday morning
yesterday evening
the day before yester-
embareht
embareh fi subh
embareh el maghrib
tluwel embfireh
day
j
Tlie Eg}-ptiaus formerly
of the solar months. The
employed the Coptic (ancient Egyptian) names
European names, as Riven above, are in Reneral
use now, concurrently with the Coptic, which are retained for agricultural
purposes.
^The h
ia
ft
ha, bat
pronounced
Jilip
h»y
31
Arabic—Phonetic
English.
last
yomi
year
year before last
twenty years old (son
of twenty years)
day time
full
Pronunciation
auwel auwel embareh
three days ago
daily
moon
es-senah illi fatet
qabl senateyn
ibn 'ashrin senah
naliar
badr
senah kabis
Leap-year
20.
Countries and Nations.
Country
nation
native country
state
Europe
European
England
beled, phi. bilad
ommah
watan
mamlakah,
aurobba
ingilizi
American
amerikani
hegaz
'arabi
'arab
Beduin
bedawi,
'orban
Syria
esh-sham
F ranee
fransa
fransawi
French
Russia
Russian
China
Greek
Greek
Greece
Turkey
Turkirih
[Khedive
His Highness the
His Highness (OulEgypt_
[Lord)
Egyptian
mamalik
aurobbi, ferangi
bilad el-ingillz
English
Arabia
Arabian
Arabs (nomads)
]jIu.
j^lu.
bedwan,
moskof
mosk6wi
bilad el
bilad es sin
rumi
yunani
bilad er rum,
bilad et turk
turki
el
khed^ywi
effendlna
berr masr
masri
yimdn
'arab,
32
AnkBic.
English.
Lower Egypt
Upper Egypt
beheyrah
agam
bilad el
of Cairo
agami
masr mahrtisah
masr 'atiqah
atman masr
Constantinople
Alexandria
Suez Canal
el
Suez
es sues
Ismailieh
Arishe
Kosseir
el
Damietta
dumyat
Rosetta
rashid
Suakin
sawakin
en nil
egnebi, gharib
The
istambiil
iskendirieh
kanal
isma
'illeh
el 'arlsh
el
Nile (River)
Foreigner
quseyr
khawagah
21.
Numbers
one
two
three
four
Pronunciation.
es-sa'id
Persia
Persian
Cairo
Old Cairo
The districts
—Phonetic
Numbers.
a 'dad
wahed
etnin
talatah
arba'ah
five
khamsah
six
sittah
seven
sab'ah
eight
temaniah
nine
tis'ah
ten
eleven
'ashrah
liadasher
twelve
etnasher
thirteen
fourteen
arb'atfisher
talattasher
iifteen
kharaastashcr
sixteen
sittashcr
seventeen
sab'atasher
;
plu ghuraba,
33
English.
Ababic.
—Phonetic
Pronunciation.
temantasher
eighteen
nineteen
tis'atasher
'ashrln
twenty
twenty-one
twenty-two
itnln
thirty
telatln
forty
arba'In
fifty
khamsin
wahed wa
wa
'ashrln
'ashrin
sixty
sittin
seventy
eighty
ninety
sab'in
a hundred
miyah (sometimes before a voicel.
[mit)
miyah wa wahed
miyah wa 'ashrah
temanln
tis'In
101
110
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
937
a thousand
1,015
2,000
10,000
30,000
100,000
a miUion
miteyn
tultemlyah
rub'amiyah
khumsemlyah
sittemlyah
sub'amiyah
tumnemlyab
tis'amiyah
tis'amiyah sab'a
elf
tehitin
wa khamastasher
elfeyn
'ashrat elaf
telatin elf
mit elf
milyun
22.
Collec tive
Numbers,
Pair
dozen, packet
once
twice
goz, plu.
single
fard,
dastah
etc.
agwaz
-
marrah wahidah,
nobah
marrateyn
[waJ^idah
double
wahed
migwiz
first
auwal
tani
second
Egyptian
wa
elf
S.-T.
D
34
ARABIC— Phonetic
English.
marrat
thrice
telat
four times
arba' marrat
five
khams (khamas) marrat
times
nuss, nusf
a half
a third
a fourth
three-fourths
a fifth
tult
rub'a
wa
khums
tumn
nuss
an eighth
23.
White
rub'a
Colours.
m. abiad,
w. iswad,
m. asmar,
black
brown
blue
sky colour
red
VI.
azraq,
/.
beyda
/.
soda
samara
/.
/.
zerqa
samawi
m. ahmar, /. hamara
m. akhdar, /. khadara
khadrawi, yiddi al khadar
m. asfar, /. safara
azraq {also blue)
green
greenish
yellow
grey
yellowish
to make yellow
missfirr
saffar
m. banafsig
m. nilah
violet
indigo
25.
Adverbs, &c.
after
foq
ba'd
afterwards, then
badeyn
Above, upstairs
Pronunciation.
always
dai^man, tamalli
at first
auwalan
shan, li-an
because
'ala
before
qodam
behind
by force
wara
down
taht
bi-rahah, bi-sohulah
kifayah, bass, bi-ziadah
bilkulllyah
bi-zur
easily
enough
entirely
falsely
bil
ghassb, bil gabr
35
English.
Arabic.
far olf
—Phonetic Pronunciation.
ba'id
gratis, for
nothing
ballash
auwel
hena
lirst
iiere
liome, liouse
in, there is
inside
instead of
justly
beyt
last
fi
guwa
badal, gheyr
bil
haqq
late
akhir
akhiran
wakhri, mot^akhar
long
tawll
near, close, side
ganb
abadan
lastly, at last
never
no
la
not yet,
lissa
still
not-at-all
now
often,
many
only,
enough
out
outside
particularly
times
ketir
bass
barra
1
khosusan
yumkin
perhaps
quickly,
mottldqan
delwaqt
miraran, murrat
soon,
im-
halan
mediately
quickly
bil 'agal,
seldom
fil
slowly
so
keda
qawam
nadir
bi-shweysh, 'ala mahl,
sometimes
ba'd al aliyan
soon
bad shwai
still
bavdu, lissa {not yet)
there
henak
this
deh, da, di
to-day
en-nahar-deh
bukra
to-morrow
to
whom ?
li-min
too, also, again
kaman
under
tal?t
shu-
[wayyah
?
86
Ababic—Phonetic
English.
ahlan wa sahlan or marhabba
lamraa
imta ?
welcome
when
when?
whence
where ?
where from
where to ?
mineyn
feyn?
min eyn
?
'ala
whom
whose
Pronunciation.
illi
? min feyn ?
feyn ? lifeyn ?
{=ir]tom or which)
min
bit'a
?
why?
leyh
yes
yesterday
yet
embareh
?
shan eyh
aywa, na'am
'ala
?
?
lissa
25.
Adjectives.
Angry
za'alan
awkward, stupid
bad
ghashim
beautiful, elegant
gamil,
better
ahsau
bitter
murr
blind
a'ama
battal
latif
broad
arid
civil
m'aruf or sahib adab
clean
clever
cold
cool
nadlf
shatir
bard
barid
atmah
dark
dear
aziz,
dear (expensive)
ghali
deceitful
ghashash
deep
ghawit, wati
delightful
yifrih,
difficult
sa'ab
dirty
wisekh
dry
eldest (oldest)
nashif
bakri
empty
farigh, kh&li
false
keddab
habib
mufrih
(kidb, a
lie)
87
Arabic.—Phonetic Ptonimciatlon.
English.
samin
wehesh
gamll
fat
filthy
fine
flat
mastu, mebattat
full
malyan
glad
good
farhan
tayyib
great
azim
happy
hard (not
sa'ld
soft),
dry
nashif
hard (severe or cruel)
qasi
sallm, sagh sallm, bis-saha
healthy
heavy
high
ill
(sick)
teqll
'all
ayyan
[less)
impertinent (shame-
qalll el
large
lazy
keblr, 'azIm
keslan
nahif
lean
least
.
less
light (bright)
light (not heavy)
little
(small)
long
loud (high)
aqall
aqall
niir
khaftf
soghayyax
tawll
'ali
low
mad, foolish
narrow
near
wati
new
gedid
kwayls,
nice
old man
old (ancient)
opened
poHte
poor
proud
rich
ripe
ha-ya
magnun
dayyiq
qarib
latlf
aguz
qadim, antiqa
maftuii
zarif, latlf
meskin, faqlr
foqara
motakabbir
ghani
misttiwi
;
plu. masakin,
88
Arabic—Phonetic
English.
Pronunciation.
right (true)
sahlh
round
medauwar
satisfied
mabsiit, sheb'an [satiated)
muzallil or daffeh
[edge)
shady
sharp (having a keen
sharp words
sharp (severe)
had
kalam qasi
qasi
qussayyar
short
soft (moist)
sour (acid)
square
still, quiet
strong
stupid (ass)
moruba'a
sweet
helu
thick
thin
rofayy'a, raqlq
tari
hamed
sakit
gam id
balid (homar), balawi
tekliln
tipsy
sakran
tired
ta'aban
yabis
haqlq, sahlh, sadlq
tough (dry)
true
unintelligible
mush mafhum
unlucky
ma
useful
nafi'a
lush bakht
warm
hami
weak
dalf
well
tayyib
wet
wicked
wide
tari,
wild
wise (clever)
wehesh,
worse
worse and worse
al'an
al'an wa al'an
ghalat, ghaltan
soghayyar
assghar
younger (smaller)
26.
after
it
birri
'aqil (shatir)
wrong (mistaken)
young
Afterwards
mablul
sharlr
wasi'a, or was'a
Conjunctions
ba'deyn
b'adu
—
Iu
89
Arabic— Phonetic
English.
and
wa
because
but
even
li-an,
Pronunciation.
'alashan
lakin, walakin
hatta
for
'ala
neither
la
shan
nor
wa-la
or
that
wa-illa, walla
in
Prepositions.
27.
foq
b'ad
Above
after
hauwaleyn
round
by
b,
wa
be,
from
shan
min, 'an
in
b, be, li
of
'an
'ala
for
on (upon)
'ala
near
ganb
le
to
1,
under
with
taht
b, bi
28.
Pronouns.
Singular.
I
1
he,
ana
inta {mas.), inti [fem.)
thou
huwa
it
hiyah
she
Plural.
We
ehna
you, ye
intuui
hum, huma
they
Siugnlar.
My—
thy—
his
her
—
(Suffixes.)
—
— ak
—
—ha
{mas.), ik {fcm.)
—
40
Ababic—Phonetic
English.
Plural.
(Suffixes.)
tlieir
—na
—kum
—hum
Myself
nafs-i, or zat-i
thyself
nafs-ak, zat-ak
nafs-u, zat-u
nafsi-ha, zatiha
nafsi-na, zatina
nafs-ak, zat-ak
Our
—
your—
himself
herself
ourselves
yourself
yourselves
nafsi-kum, zat-kum
nafsi-hum, zat-hum
themselves
Sing
Mine,
oi-
Prontmclatlon.
my own
liar.
bit'a-i
own
his, or his own
hers, or her own
thine, or thy
bit'a-ak (m.),
bita-ik
(/.)
bit'a-u
bit'a-ha
Flu ral.
Ours, or our own
yours, or your own
theirs, or their own
bit'a-na
bit'a-kum
bit'a-hum
Rela live.
Who, whom,
that,
illi.
which, what
Note.
—
Illi is
the only R('lative Pronoun used in conversatio
Arabic.
29.
Who?
to whom ?
which ?
what ?
whose ?
why
how
?
(are yon) ?
from me
from him
from you
Inl:errogatives.
min?
le-mln ?
'anhu ?
eyh?
bit'a-mm
leyh?
?
izzay (ak)?
min-ni
min-nu
min-nak
—
41
Ababic— Phonetic
English.
30.
Yerbs.
tarak
To abandon*
,,
accept
,,
admire
,,
agree to
allow
,,
alter
,,
,,
answer
appear
,,
arrive
,,
ask
,,
assist
,,
avoid
,,
awake
,,
Pronunciation.
qebel, imp. iqbal
ta'aggab
ittafaq 'ala
azan, samah
ghayyar, i7np. ghayyar
gawab
zahar
wasal
imp. is^al
sa'ad
igtanab, imp. igtanib
sehi, imp. is-ha
darab, imp. idrab
sa^al,
beat
„ begin
,,
ibtada, imp. ibtidi
,,
believe
sadaq
,,
bind
,,
bite
rabat, imp. orbot
'add, imp. 'odd
(to tie)
,,
break
bring
„
burn
,,
kassar
gab, imp. gib
haraq, imp. ihraq
dafan, iinp. idfin
ishtara, imp. ishtiri
nada, imp. inda
„ bury
„ buy
,,
call
,,
catch
,,
cliange
,,
change money
mesek, i?np. imsik
ghayyar
,,
come
saraf, imp. isrif
ikhtalas
naddaf imp. naddaf
geh, ga ; imp. ta'ala
,,
consult
shawar,
„ cheat, defraud
clean
,,
—
,
ivip.
shawir
Literally " He abandoned," third person singular, past
All the verbs in this list are expressed
tense, indicative mood.
in same manner, that being regarded in Arabic as the root of the
verb. But the imperatives are mostly added here, as being the
most requisite form. The i^st particiiile is formed by prefixing
»N0TE.
ma —
,
matruk, abandoned.
42
English.
to
,,
,,
convey
cook
count
,,
cut
deceive
,,
deliver
,,
„ deny
,,
dream
„ dress
drink
,,
„ drive out
Ababic.
—Phonetic
Pronunciation.
naqal
tabakh, imp. itbokh
'add, hasab
qat'a, imp. iqt'a
ghashsh
sal lam
ankar, gahad
helem
lebes, imp. ilbis
,,
eat
shereb, imp. ishrab
tarad
akal, imp. kol
,,
examine
fahas
excavate
excuse
explain
fahat, imp. ifhat
,,
feed
,,
fetch
wakkal, imp. wakkil
gab, imp. gib
,,
,,
,,
,
find
samah
waddah, imp. waddah
iltaqa,
wagad
„ forget
„ get up
„ give
nessi
„ go
,, go on foot
,, go on horseback
„ go out
govern
,,
rah, imp. ruh
grease
„ hang (suspend)
dahan
,,
,,
I
happen
have
he has
she has
we have
you have
they have
to hear
„ help
„ hide
qam, imp. qum
'ata,
idda
;
imp. iddi
rah mashi
rah rakib
kharag
hakam
allaq, imp. allaq
hasal, ittafaq
ana 'andi
huwa 'andu
hiyah 'andiha
elina 'andena
intum 'andikum
humma
,,
hire
'andihura
sama'a, imp. istna'a
sa'ad, imp. sa'id
khabba, imp. khabbi
aggar
,,
hurry
ist 'agel
a
43
English.
Pronunciation.
Arabic—Phonetic
to
jump
natt, imp. nott
„
kill
katal, imp. iktil
,,
kiss
bas, imp. buss
,,
knock
khabat, imp. ikbbat
,,
know
a'araf
,,
laugh
dchek, imp. idhak
natt, imp. nott
ta'allam, imp. ita'allim
,,
,,
leap
learn
,,
lend
let alone
,,
lie
,,
down
sallaf
khalla, imp. khalli
imp. orqod,
raqad, itsattah
;
itsattah
;
{deep)
look
,,
make
'anial, imp. 'amil
,,
meet
sadaf
,,
mend
sallali,
,,
mention
zakar, imp. ozkur
tawa'a, imp. taw'i
'iatarad
,,
,,
,,
,,
obey
object
oblige (favour)
obtain
otlend (anger)
nam, num
shaf, imp. sliuf
,,
imp. sallah
amal ma'aruf
ta-hassal 'ala
,,
offer
aghdab
qaddam, imp. qaddim
,,
open
fatah, imp. iftah
,,
oppose
qawam
,,
order
amar
,,
„ pay
,, proceed
,,
,,
[word)
promise (gave
pi*Dnounce
„ pull
put
,,
read
,,
,,
receive
,,
remember
,,
remind
,,
repair
repeat
[go back)
return (come or
return (give back)
,,
ride
,,
,,
,,
dafa, imp. idf
taqaddam
wa'ad (idda qol)
lafaz, imp. olfoz
shadd, garr imp. shidd, gurr
hatt, imp. hott
qara, imp. iqra
istalam, imp. istilim
tazakkar, imp. itzakkar
zakkar, fakkar
;
sallah,
'ammar
kerrar
rag'a, imp. irg'a
ragg'a, imp.^ ragg'a
rekeb, imp. irkab
44
English.
to rise
,,
rub
run
run away
Ababic.
—Phonetic
qam, imp.
Pronunciation.
qum
da'ak, imjj. ida'ak
,.
set
geri, imp. igri
harab, imp. ihrab
qal, imp. qui
shaf, imp. shuf
mesek, imp. imsek
ba'a
imp. inintakhab, akbtar
takhib, ikhtar
ba,at, imp. ib,at
ragg'a, imp. ragg'a
imp. liott, uda
halt, wada
,,
shoot
asstad,
„
show
darab bundoqieh,
darab rusasah (bullet)
warra
,,
smell
shamm,
,,
smoke (tobacco)
sharab dokhan, imp. ishrab
,,
,,
„ say
„ see
,,
seize
,,
sell
,,
select
,,
,,
send
send back
;
;
imp.
shimm
dokhan
„ speak
„ spoil
„ stand
„ starve
» stay
,,
steal
„ study
,,
suffer
„ suggest
takallam,
imp. itkallim
khassar, talaf, atlaf
weqef, imp. uqaf
mat min
el gu'a,
mat
bil
fedel, isstanna
saraq, imp. issraq
ta'allam
tahammal
ashar
bala, imp. ibla
,,
swallow
swear
,,
swim
'am, imp. 'um
akhad, imp. khud
zaq, imp. zuq
'allam, imp. 'allim
sharmat, imp. sharmai
qal, imp. qui
shakar, imp. oshkor
zann, iftakar
raraa, imp. ermi
targam, imp. targim
,,
,,
take
,,
taste
,,
teach
,,
tear
„
tell
,,
thank
,,
think
,,
throw away
,,
translate
helef, imp.
il;lif
gu'a
45
Ababio.
English.
—Phonetic
Pronunciation.
safar
to travel
imp. doss
„
tread
dilss,
,,
turn (round)
dauwar, imp. dauwar
,,
understand
fehem
upset
use
,,
„ wait
qalab, imp. iqlib
ist'amal, imp. ist'amil
istanna, imp. istanna
mcshi, imp. imshi
ah tag
,,
„
„
„
walk
want
warm
sakhkhan, daffa; imp. sakhkhan, daffi
,,
warn
wash
,,
watch
nassah, imp. insah
ghasal, imp. ighsil
ghaffar, harass ; imp, oghfor,
ohross
„
„
„
„
„
„
water (horses)
wet
whip
whisper
win
wipe
,,
saqa
imp. bill
darab, imp. iddrab
washw^ash, imp. washwish
ball,
ghalab
nasshef,
masah; imp.
nasshif,
imsah
„
wish
arad
,,
work
ishtaghal, imp. ishtaghal
„
wound
garah
,,
worship
'abad, imp. 'ibid
„ wrap
„ write
,,
laff,
yield one's-self
31.
up
imp.
liff
katab, imp. iktib
salara
The Government Ministries and
Administrations.
Department
of the
Household
\
off
ed da.irah
H.H.the Khedive)
Finance
el
Foreign Office
el
Interior
Justice
Pubhc Works
el
khassa
malleh
khargieh
ed dakhlieh
el haqqanleh
el ashgal el 'umumleh
46
Arabic— Phonetic
English.
War
el
Office
De-
Health
partment
Tublic
mieh
Department
Prison Department
Department of the]
maslahat el bolls
maslahat es sugun
Police
Suppression
Slavery
tigaret
raqlq or qalam
el
er
raqlq
)
General
-
maslahat man'a
of>
Office of the Inspec-
tor
Pronunciation.
ma'arif el \unumleli
el harbieh, diwan el gehadieh
maslahat es siha el 'umu-
Public Instruction
of
Irrigation
\
'umiim er
taftlsh
>
ra^i
)
Railway Administra-
maslahat es sikkat
el
hadid
tion
Nile Steamers Service
Public Debt Office
Customs Department
Coast Guard Service
Post Administration
idarat
barid
Postal Service
Native Courts
Court
of
In-
stance
32.
drummer
farrier
trumpeter
lance-corporal
corporal
sergeant
sergeant-major
quarter-master
geant
adjutant-major
chief clerk
el
bosta
mahakim el ahlieh
mahkamat el ibtidaleh
(mahkamat auwel daragah)
mahkamat el ist'Inaf
ser-
el
maslahat es siha el bahrleh
wal karantlnat
el komisyon el baladi
Municipal Council
;
'umum
el
First
Court of Appeal
Quarantine Board
Private
bugler
maslahat waburat en nil
sandiiq ed deyn el 'umiimi
idarat 'umum el gamarik
maslahat ghafar es sawahil
'
Military Titles.
nafar
burugi tabbal, trombetgi
beytar
trombetgi, burugi
wakil onbashi
onbashi
;
shaweysh
bash shaweysh
buluk amln
saghkolaghasi
bash katib
Mostly Turkish.
47
Ababio.— Phonetic Pronunciation.
English.
warrant ofBcer
sol
sub-lieutenant
lieutenant
captain
mulazim tani
mulazim auwel
yuzbashi
binbashi
major
qaimaqam
lieutenant-colonel
colonel
brigadier-general
lieutenant-general
field-marshal
doctor 1
miralai
lewa
farik
mushlr
hakim,
hukama
;jiu.
surgeon j
paymaster (treasurer]
khiznidar, sarraf
adjutant
mo'awin,
commanding officer
commandant
}
jj^u.
mo'awnin
hukumdar, komandan
i
chief-of-the-staff
ra^is
field-officer
arkan
el
harb
staff-officer
zabit 'azlm
zabit karim
zabit arkan el harb
brigade-major
arkan harb
commander-in -chief
sirdar
His Excellency (ad-
dauUtlu
general officer
dress
of
a
el
lewa
field-
marshal)
Your Excellency
33.
"^Naval
sa 'adetkum
and Military Terms.
Together with useful Words for all Banks.
Absence (leave
accoutrements
of)
agazah
meheymat
acquittal
tabriah
admiral
advance
advance (to)
advanced guard
party
amir
el
bahr
ilarey
taqaddam
bashdar
gema'ah muteqaddamah
alarm post
nuqtah muteqaddamah
nuqtat el kabsah
alert
hazir ol
,,
*
post
Including some Turkish words of command, &c.
!
!
48
Aeabic— Phonetic
English.
Pronunciation.
ambulance
ammunition
ammunition poucli
ammunition wagon
anchor
shefakhanah
gabakhanah, zakhlrah
anchorage
marsa
armistice
matarakah, hudnah
armourer
arms
tufekgi [pronounce tufenkshi)
army
geysh, 'askar
.
kaffah
'arablet el
gabakhanah
mirsah
aslilia
army-corps
firkah
army order
'amr 'askari
arrow
nibl,
arsenal
tubkhanah
artillery
as
you were
sahm
tubgleh
yarina
I
hugum, mukagamah
attack
huguma
,,
,
form
,,
,
false
huglim kazib
,,
,
,,
,
hugum
hugum
,,
,
flank
front
1st line of
,,
,
2nd
for
line of
(teshkil ol)
gamb
muwagahah
auwel khatt el hugum
tani khatt el hugum
'ala el
'ala el
attention
axle
zinhar
qotb
backsight
badges
nishangah
baud
muslkah
barrack
base
qishlaq
asas
battalion
battery
(field)
1
'alamat er rutab
orta, pin. orat
batarieh (maidan)
battle
waq'ah
bayonet
singa {Turldsh sungi)
siingey dik
bayonets, fix
unfix
,,
belt
Sim gey inder
qayish, hizam
binoculars
bit (for horse)
bivouac (to)
blacking
nadarah
fekk, ligam
bayit bidun khiyam
boyah
bomb
bombah
!
!
49
Ababio.—Phonetic Pronunciation.
English.
bombard
darab
(to)
bil
bomb
booty
boot
breadth
breastband
ghanimah
gezmah
bribe
bartll,
rashwah
bridle
ligam,
j^iu.
brigade
lewa
broad
bugle
arid
burl
'ard
sinaband
sound
„
nobah
bullet
by the right, left, cen[tre
camel
camel's riding-saddle
camel for riding
camp
camp
kettle
cannon, gun
capture (to)
carriage wheel
blank
„
cavalry
cavalry walk
,
,,
cease
sir el
I
1
certificate
of
certificate
ashkin
gar
sawari karshu dauwaran
nobet ateshi kas
shehadah, plu. shehadat, or
[tazkarah
raftieh
sir el
prepare for
,
/".
;
suwari, khiyalah
trot
fire
rusasah
saghda, soldd, wasatda
gamal, plu. gimal
naqa
makhlufah, gabifc
begin
mu'askar^ urdi
qazan
madf'a
asar
'agalah
kartush, fishenk
fishenk (farigh)
cartridge
,,
algima
dis-
charge
chain
I
silsilah, plu. salasil, zingir
change of front
charge, prepare to
taghyir el ittigah, tabdll baiya
taghyir el wad'a, tabdil yeri
hugiima hazir ol
charge
hugiim
,,
,j
position
I
cholera
kolera
close
yaklasheyn
bashlana atesh
buluk
yarim buluk
buluk muzdawicr
commence
company
,,
Egyptian
firing
,
half
,
double
S.-T.
ss
1
50
Arabic.
Enclish.
—Phonetic
'abayah, kabud
beyraq
cloak
colours of a regiment
column
orda, kol
'amud, plu. 'imdan
kol mutaqarib
of building
,,
column, close
double
,,
shift kol
,
„
half
,
yarim kol
—
—
,,
,
line of
tabur kolali
,,
,
mass
magmu'a
of
kolat
of divisions
sinfja kol
,,
of route
,,
of sub-divi-
kol es seyr
tobja kol
,,
,,
Pronuuciation.
visions
quarter
,
dar-kol
combatant
non„
muharib
gheyr muharib
hukumdarleh
,
command
words of
,,
commissariat
compasses
cook
nida
,
kism
tabbakh
court-martial
,,
,,
,
,,
,,
,
,,
,,
,,
,,
et t'ayinat
bargal, ibrat
meglis 'askari
district
„
markdzi
,,
j
general
proceed-
,
ings
,
,,
court of inquiry
confined to barracks
conduct
connecting
file
crew
crupper
cut (wound)
dagger
decision
waqti
„
„
meglis et tahqiq
mahguz
bil
qishlaq
soluk, maslii
countersign
courage
defaulter
meglis 'askari alayi
I
summary'
,
£13/11
M
igra^at el meglis el 'askari
M
of|
regimental
,,
i
khabardar
parolah
garaah
nautleh
kafal
goruh
khangar, j)lu. khanagir
qarar
muznib mahfjuz
garli, 2^lu.
!
51
Ababio.
English.
defaulter's
— Phonetic
daftar ez zunub
ta'alim el muznibin
book
defaulter's drill
defile
mudaf'a
darband
deployment
fath
defence
depot
asas
deserter
harib, harban
detached
qatar munfasil
sariyah
file
detachment
diarrhoea
diary, journal
is-hal, lln
daftar yomleh
zabt wa rabt
discipline
nuzul min
disembarkation
dismiss
Pronunciation.
from
(to,
el
markab
raft
service)
j
(off parade)
dismount
'amal dastur
yerra in
division
firqah
,,
1
dockyard
move
double march
don't
I
dress
ta'alim
drill
,,
aiming
,
order
,,
,,
position
,
preliminary
setting-up
driver
[mals
,,
,
,,
,
driver of
pack ani-
drum
(big)
;
—
drunk
duty (on)
dysentery
march
ease,
,
sibiyeh
,,
haiat et ta'alim
ta'alim el qiyam
ta'alim ibtida-i
ta'alim talyin el 'ada
'arb^gi
•
tarras
trombeytah tablah
;
sakran
wagibat
duties
,,
tersanah
ma taharraksh
ziada sora'atteh marsh
hizaya
I
!
nobetji {pronounce nobatshi)
at
stand at
dusuntarleh
yolga
yarinda safa
eclielon
tadrig
embarkation
nuzul fil bahr
mu'askar
encampment
enemy
dushman, 'adu
52
English.
Ababio.—Phonetic Pronunciation.
engagement
qital
engineer
enlistment
muhandis
entrenchment
equipment
dirwah
escort
haras
examination
exercise, bayonet
imtihan
,,
,
,,
,
iktitab
firing
sungi ta'allm
atesh ta'allm
manual
silah isti'amali
review
maharan sungi ta'alim
,,
,
,,
,
rifle
,,
,
shelter-
trench
expedition (military)
khandaq
safarieh
I
1
farrier
fatigue
party
„
ta'allm el bunduqieh
ta'allm *amal ed dir^Yah wal
nobet achileyn
sagha bak {Turkish, look to
extend
fall in
meheymat
field-day
-exercises
,,
beytar
tulbah
tulbah
[your right
yom maidan
ta'alimat 'askarieh
field-gun
naddarah maidan
madf a urdi, maidan
field-hospital
taljanaqqali,isbitalia
field officer
zabit 'azim
file
qatar
qatar farigh
-glass
,,
,,
,
,,
,
,,
,
blank
connecting
even
,,
,
leading
,,
,
odd
„
,
in single
maidan
khabardar
qatar shift
qatar am ami
qatar fardi
farddn fardto, bir-eyr bir-eyr
fire
nar
firel
atesh
sanjak, beyraq, 'alam
1
flag
flank
flaak, directing
!)
gamb, ganib
gamb samt et tawaggah
,,
,
inner
el
„
.
left
el
.,
,
outer
el
ed dakhil
gauib esh shemal
gamb el kharig
gamb
!
!
!
58
Aeabio.
English.
flank, reverse
,,
,
right
el
el
—Phonetic Prontmciatioli.
gamb
gamb
el
el
flanker
ganbdar
fleet
dunanmah
foot-soldier
'askari
forage
foresight (gun)
'allq
(rifle)
„
formation
dibbanah
.
mun 'akis
mun 'akis
zlh
fort, fortress
tashkil
tabiya, qal'ah, husii
fortify (to)
istahkam
fortress wall
siir el
forward
form fours
li
1
from the
right, left,
centre
front
front form
qal'ah
qodam
!
durdeyr
saghdan, soldan, wasatdan
qodam
I
tabra
front rank
es saff el
funeral
ginnazah
furlough
rukhset ghiyab, agazah
tuzluq
gaiters
auwel
gallop
garrison
general (.?.)
ramah, durtna'l
hamiyeh
girdle
hizam
girth
glove
hizam, sherlhah
aldiwan
government
hukumah
governor
grave (s.)
hakim, mihafi
basha
kabr, torbah
great- coat
kabbud
groom (brush a horse)
,,
(advanced)
timar
gem'atcha
haras
ghafar
bashdar
„
(rear)
dimdar
groups, form
guard, escort
,,
(of soldiers)
guard turn in
turn out
gun (musket)
„
(ol)
karakol dastiir
karakol sitah
bunduqieh
54
English.
gun-carnage
gunner
gun -powder
half- column
company
,,
Arabic—Phonetic
gundaq, 'arablyet
sinf
yarim
sinf
halter
rashm
hay (chopped straw)
head -quarters
helmet
diris (tibn)
brown)
(a
,,
dark grey)
horse-brush
(a
,,
cloth
horse's hoof
,,
el
markaz,
forshah timar
futah timar
hafir
ma'arafa
,,
shoe
,,
tail
na'al
deyl
hospital
isbitalia
hut
imprisonment
habs
zimlik
ma,ilan
nobet atesh
biyadah
biyadah rakibah
tabur teftlsh
1
!
independent firing
infantry
,
komandanleh
hosan asmar
hosan singabi
mane
,,
el
tasah
hosan, pZu. kheyl
,,
incline
madf'a
barud
yarim kol
oqaf! durl
gayyel (Ar.)
bayyet (Ar.)
horse
el
tubgi
section (cavalry)
halt!
halt at noon (to)
halt for the night (to)
,,
Pronunciation,
mounted
inspection parade
instructor
insubordination
Intelligence Depart-
ta'allmgi
'adam
qalam
el
inqiyad
el
mukhabarat
ment
interval
fasil
intoxicated
intrench (to)
in which direction ?
in what strength ?
ironclad
sakran
istahkam
ila eyn ?
merkab hadid
judge
qadi
bi
kam min
'asakir ?
!
!
!
56
Arabic— Phonetic
English.
killed
makttil
knapsack
garabandleh
Pronunciation.
ladder
sillim
lance, spear
mizraq, harbah
lantern
fanus, pin. faw;1nis
lanyard
lashing
habl
latrine
adabkhanah
kabsul
el
filasah
down your arms
leave of absence
irmi silahak
agazah, izn
left
sola
lay
lie
nam
down
lino
yat {Tiir.)
hiza
alaya kola
khatt el muwasilah
{Ar.),
tabtir,
,,
of
,,
,,
columns
com mun
i
cations
rami
„
,,
fire
ittigah er
,,
,,
operations
,,
,,
retreat
,,
,,
sight
khatt el harak
khatt er rugu'a
khatt en nazer
asas
main-body
mancEuvre
'
mun aura
map
khartah
march
marksman
marquee tent
marsh
military police
bolls 'askari
I
,,
markuwis
service
'askarleh
mine
lughum
mortar
[rear
move a little
move forward
to the
musketry
,,
muster
mutiny
muzzle
instruction
hawun
ta^akhar
shuwayah
li
wara
imshi yallah
darb en nar
ta'allm darb en nar
1
!
ta'adad
'asayan
(of
a gun)
nose-bag
occupy (to)
officer
officer's
!
nashcingi
fumm
mikhlat
'allq,
zabit, plu.
undress
mikhlah
ihtall
libs
yomi
zubat
-
!
56
Arabic— Phonetic
English.
ram ad
ophthalmia
order (command)
order arms
orderly (on duty)
outpost
outworks
pace
[tion
packet of ammuniparade
to
parapet
;
—
,
pass
'amr,
jila.
;
tof
pay, salary
peace
picket
mahiyah
sulh
karakol
tabangah, ferd
pistol
masqat
ma' bar
nuqtah
plan
pontoon
mount
to dismount
„
present arms
(in firing)
,,
prison
prisoner
(in
sign, liabs
malibus
punishment
quarters
quick march
double
,,
„
quickly! (with wheels)
)
quinine
range
(in
army)
men)
rank and file
rank front, rear
—
rations
ready
bil'agal
masafah,
(line of
,,
asir
tarqieh
giza
qishlaq
sora'atleh marsh
ziada sora'atleh marsh
kinin
finder
rank
nishan
guard
promotion
„
bin meya hazir ol
yerra in hazir ol
sahim dor
[room)
war
of
,,
'awamir
rah at dor
nobetji {pronounce nobatshi)
karakol-kharigi
istahkamat amamleh
khatAvah, jdu. khatawi
dasta, pin. asdas
tabur istaff tabtir
khatt en-nar
tazkarat moriir
patrol
post
prepare to
Prouuuciation.
si'at er
rami
tillmetr
rutbah
saff
an far es
saff
es saff el auwel, tani
girayah, t'ayin, t'aylnat
doldor
!
!
57
Endish.
ready
(in firing)
rear
Aeabic.
— Phonetic
Pronunciation.
hader (Ar.)
giria
rear form
!
reconnaissance
tabra
„
istikshaf
mustegidd
recruit
'askari
redoubt
regiment
hisn, tabiyah
regulations
qawanin
alai
reinforcement
taqwia (Ar.)
reins
surii'a, i)Ih. asr'a
relief
(change)
ghiyar
report
reserves
taqrir
retire (to)
ta^akhar
retire
ihliyatia
giria
1
retreat (to)
rifle
rifleman
rifling
rise
sheshkhiineli
sheshkha)iali
qum
!
rush
!
takahkar
bunduqieh
(Ar.)
;
kalk {Tar.)
igri (Ar.)
I
sack
saddle (camel)
(for a horse)
„
saddler
kis
ghabit, makhlufah, iddali
snvug
serg, plu.
seriigi
salute
salam
sapper
scouts
baltaggi
section
sinf, plu.
semaphore
samafor
sentry
dideban, ghafir, plu. ghufanx
shell
danah
markab harb
kashafa
ship-of-war
shot (cannon ball)
sight of a gun
signal
;
signaller
„ party
skirmish (to)
skirmisher
slowly
small shot
asnaf
gullah
kumhah
isharah
gema'at
;
isharagi
isharah
tasharkhag
sharkbaggi
'ala
rush
el
mahlak
58
Arabic.
English.
—Phonetic
Pronunciation.
kantarmah
snaffle
soldier
gindi, ^jZh. ganadi, 'askari
spur
spy
squadron
square
mahmuz,
stable
staff (military)
isstabl, pla. isstablat
phi.
mahmiz
gasus, basas
orta sawari
qal 'ah
stall
arkan
akhur
stirrup
rikab, pin. rikabat
support
surrender
,,
liarb
imdad
sallam, imp. sallim
sallam bi-shurut
(to)
upon terms (to)
sword
seyf
target
tdkhtah
nobet tamam
durbin, nadarah
tattoo
telescope
kheymah,
tent
tent-peg
watad,
i
ila el
to the right
j
to the left
to the rear
transfer
transport
trenches,
troops
,,
khiyam
autad
serlqah
theft
„
pla.
pill,
!
ila
i
Ila
'
[redoubt
rampart,
yamln
esh shimal
el khalf
intiqal
liamlah
mitras
'asakir
(regular)
nizam
(reserve)
redif
gar
trot
el
trumpet
tunic
buri
sitrah
undress (daily dress)
el libs el
uniform
kiswah
garabandleh sawari
dideban sawari
valise
vedette
veterinary surgeon
victory
volley firing
walk (at a horse's)
hakim
yomi
beytari
zafar, intisar
tabur atesh
ashkin
—
5g
Arabic—Phonetic
English.
Pronunciation.
harb
war
water-bottle
wheel, right
wheeling
wing, left
—
zamzamleh
left
— right
wounded
wound in the head
—
saghyana solyana
dauaran
sol-kol— sagh-kol
— katar
magruh, mabtuh
bath
(contusion)
Commercial and Trading Terms.
35.
Bale
balah
bank
bank
basalt
hagar iswad
buy
capital
ishtara
baftah, shash
ras el-mal
chips (rough stone)
dabsh
counting-house
maktab
shukuk
(to)
calico
credit (on)
deyn
sowan
hagar sowan
debt
flint
granite
gravel
leather
haswah
gild
exchange
linen
hawalah, kambialah
hagar abiad, or hagar gir
quttan
loan
sulfah
loss
khasarah
merchant
tagir
mud
tin
letter of
limestone
package
pay to
fardah
per cent.
miyah
fayidah, maksab
rami
—
profit
sand
sandstone
sell (to)
silk
weight
wool
daf'a
—
,
wafa
bil
hagar ramleh
ba'a
harir
wazn, tuql
suf
60
35.
Religious
Words
English.
Jesus Christ
for Missionary Worker^.
Arabic.
— Phonetic
yasu'a cl masih
life
Lay at
death
mot
right (justice)
wrong (mistake)
praise
ghalat
hamd
spirit
ruh
haqq
heaven
sama
peace
heart
salam
mind
'aql
love
mall abb ah
qalb
.
faith
emam
believe
aman
prayer (pray)
iiope
sala (salla)
raja
whosoever
min
give
receive
everlasting
iddl
lost (lose)
mafqud
mat
died
substitute
instead of
qabal
abadi
nayib
bedel 'an
blood
dam
forgiveness
forgive
sins
trust
enter in
salvation
simati
samah
khataya
tiqa
holiness
dakhal
khalas
er ruh el quds
qadasah
obey
t'au
clean
nadlf
afkar
holy spirit
thoughts
words
seek (ask for)
gladness
kalimat
otlob
inbisat
Pronunciation.
61
THE GRAMMAR OF ARABIC,
Remarks.
Arabic
is
a very rich language with numerous synonyms,
so much so that it has been described by a wag as a
language in which every word has its own meaning and
exactly the opposite, and a third meaning of some kind
Fortunately for the common needs of life,
of camel.
people
Arabic-speaking
are
content with
vocabulary, and even the educated reserve
an ordinary
the
richness
mother-tongue for special occasions. The appalling thirteen forms of the verb of grammarians dwindle
in practice to the intransitive, transitive, and an impersonal
of their
form, with occasionally a passive form, and prepositions
are
considered
various cases.
sufficient
without the inflection of the
Again, the student has the building-up of
a vocabulary made more easy for him, by fairly consistent
changes which are made in the roots to express various
ideas.
THE VERB.
The
root form is that of the 3rd person singular of the
past tense of the verb.
From
is formed most regularly a word which
place or time of performing the action indicated
this
means the
by the root form.
Thus, katab (he wrote) makes malctab (the place of
writing,
i.e.,
the
office).
Khazan (he treasured up) makes
(the place of storing, hence our "magazine").
Sam (he fasted) makes mdusim (the time of fasting, hence
our word "monsoon"). Rakab (he rode) makes merkeb
makhzan
Sharab (he drank) makes mashrab (the drinkingused in the form of mashrablch, the lattice-work
(a ship).
place),
—
62
round native windows. Shorhah (properly s7joriat), a drink
(Eng. "sherbet"), is another derivative from this root.*
The past
participle of a verb
and can be used
an
like
is
also regularly formed,
adjective.
maktuh, written.
Thus, from hatab, he wrote,
s/ia//rtZ, he worked,
masJu/Jnll, hu.sy.
,,
maftuh, opened.
fatah, he opened,
„
/(?//cm, he understood, ?»(if/7(;()n, understood.
,,
The
medial
is made transitive by doubling the
shaglujlial, he
thus, shaglial, he worked
intransitive verb
letter
;
;
made to work.
The impersonal form
French, and
Yitfdteh,
yitijlusil,
is
constantly used as
it
is
in
formed by prefixing the sound of yit.
it is opened (compare 11 s'oiivre in French);
it is washed.
is
Auxiliary Verbs.
not troubled in Egyptian with many moods and
the present
serves also for the future;
tenses. One tense
the past tense is uniformly constructed from the root, and
the auxiliary verbs to have and to he are represented by one
form of auxiliary, which is here given and is typical of the
inflections of all verbs
One
is
—
—
:
ana
PRESENT OR FUTURE.
ehna nekfm,
I will be or become
aJa'in,
(German
we, &c.
werde)
thou, &c.
huiva yekun, he, &c.
inta tekun,
intuvi tekilnu,
humma yeki'mu,
you, &c.
they, &c
PAST.
ana kunt,
inta kunt,
huiva kdn,
1
was or became.
ehna kunna, we, &c.
intum kuntu,
humma
kdnu.
* It is interesting to note the number of Arabic words that have been
Imported into the Enf,'lish lansuaKe, besides the above and tlie well-linown
forms generally besiiiniiig witli al or el, alchemy, almanac, alembic, elixir,
algebra — the last from an Arab mathematician with tlie appellation of Al
Gebbar, the giant. Thus, many less distinctive words are found, such as
admiral, arsenal, to drub, to booze, glioul, zany, 'popivjay, bug (not inThe introduction of these into our language is
digenous to England).
probably due to the Crusaders. The soldiers of later days are responsible
for a great many Hindustani words in current use in our colloquial language, such as to crab (military term from Arabic root kharab), club,
punch, bobbery. So long I and numerous others.
—
—
68
There is no verb corresponding to / am. It is omitted.
Thus, ana mabsilt, I am contented; hnica faqlr, he is poor.
I have, etc., is formed with the preposition 'and (near)
and the personal pronouns, as
'andi,
I
we have.
'andekam, you have.
'andeJnun, they have.
have.
'andena,
'andak, thou hast.
'andii,
he has.
I had is kdn 'audi, (there was near me)
other persons.
;
and similarly
for the
General Formation of Tenses.
An
all
ordinary verb katab, he wrote
the verbs are formed similarly
katab, he wrote,
ana
—
here given, and
is
:
kdtib, writing,
maktub, written.
PRESENT OR FUTURE.
I write 07' will write,
ehna
aktib,
niktib,
inta tiktib,
intiim tiktibu,
hinva yiktib,
hiunma
yiktibu.
PAST.
ana
ehna katdbna,
intum katdbtu,
I wrote.
katdbt,
inta katdbt,
hnwa
humma
katab,
katabu.
IMPERFECT.
ana hint
aktib,
I
was writing.
inta kunt tiktib,
I
niktib,
PLUPERFECT.
ehna kunna katdbna,
intum kuntu katdbtu,
had written.
inta kunt katdbt,
huwa kdn
kunna
intum kuntu tiktihu,
humma kdnu yiktibu.
Iiuwa kdn yiktib,
ana kunt katdbt,
elina
humma kdnu
katab,
katabu.
—
Nearly all imperatives are formed uniformly, as Iktib
Write! Imsik— Take hold ofl 7ms/«— Walk! or Go
I/tali— Open
From masak, mdshi, fatah.
I
!
A form to express present action, to distinguish the
present from the future, is often used, the present being
given the prefix bi.
Thus,
ana
baktib,
inta bitiktib,
I
am
writing (now),
huwa
biyikt'tb,
&c.
—
64
The verbs call for no further remark beyond the fact
that there is a feminine form of the 3rd person sing.,
Thus, "she writes," Idya tiktib
present and past tense.
instead of yiktib; "she wrote," hlya katabet instead of
Colkatab; similarly, "she was," kdn e t mstesid oi kan.
lective nouns also take this feminine singular form; as
El gemdl tdkal, the camels eat.
THE PRONOUN.
Except when governing the verb or as the subject of a
sentence, the forms of personal pronouns a7ia, inta, huwa,
&c., are not used, but another form as in 'andi, I have,
quoted above; similarly, tahti, under me, ganbi, by my
side.
express possession the word
To
Thus,
bit'ai, mine,
bit'a,
belonging
to, is
used.
bit'ana, ours,
biVaak, thine,
bWakum, yours,
bit'a-ii,
his,
bWahum,
theirs.
it is intended to lay stress on the possessive,
Thus,
generally replaced by the suffix.
milki, my property wishak, your face; riglu, his leg, &c.
But, unless
this
word
is
;
The dative form of the personal pronoun
the prefix
li,
is
made with
:
I
to
lena,
me,
to us,
lak,
to thee,
lakum, to you,
lu,
to
him,
lalium, to them.
FORMATION OF PLURALS.
The regular form of plural is made by the addition of
In to masculine words and -at to feminine. The feminine
word generally ends in
a
(see p. 10)
and
is
transcribed
a simple noun and leh when a derivative
It therefore causes little difficulty, and being
noun.
feminine in accordance with previously conceived ideas
on the subject, one is not troubled with unreasonable
as ah
when
it is
As a set-off to this, the plurals of nouns disport
themselves under so many guises that the above rule of
adding -In and -at is chiefly of use in the formation of
the plurals of adjectives and of feminine derivative nouns.
The plurals of nouns* ring the following kinds of changes^
genders.
*
And
of
some
adjectives.
—
65
and each must be learnt as an exception.
Sing.
Plur.
shibdk, a
window,
The dual form
a
man
obtained by adding
is
rdgileyri tdyyibeyn,
;
:
Plur.
futah, a towel,
heytah, a wall,
walad, a boy,
hakim, & doctor,
sliebablk.
a mountain, gebdl.
merkeb, a ship,
merdkib.
beyt, a house,
beyilt.
gebel,
-
For instance
Sing.
-eijn
;
foivdt.
heytdn.
duldd.
hukam a.
thus, rdgil,
two good men.
THE DEFINITE ARTICLE.
The
with a qualifying
the large army. It has no
feminine or plural form. Before certain letters el suffers
elision and duplicates the initial letter of the following
esh shems, the sun.
word. Thus, en ndr, the fire
definite article
Thus
adjective.
el
the, is repeated
el,
geysh
el keblr,
;
THE NEQATIVE.
The negative
is
peculiar.
*'
Not "
is viush,
compounded
ma, not, and shey, a thing, and can be separated like
ne pas in French.
of
Thus,
"I know"
ma'arefsh or manish
is
""aref,
ana'arej; "I don't know," ana
or simply mush 'aref.*
THE ADJECTIVE.
Comparative and Superlative.
The forms
Jiasan,
are regular, and as follows:
good (beautiful)
;
ahsan, better
;
el
ahsan, the best.
shdter, clever; ashter, cleverer; el ashter, the cleverest.
many (much)
ketlr,
aktir,
;
(classical, el aksir,
keblr,
great
e.g.,
;
akbar, greater
Alldhu
akbar
'I
more
el aktir,
;
most
hence " elixir").
;
!
el
akbar, greatest.
God
is
the greatest
1
Genders.
The feminine
of
adjectives
is
formed by adding the
letter hey.
Thus, the feminine form of the above words becomes
hasanah, shdtirah, ketlrah, &c.
*
In the Sudan the form
Egyptian
S.-T.
is
ma b'aref,
and
is
more correct Arabic.
F
"
!
66
The
adjectives of colour are peculiar
;
e.g.,
ahiad, white; (fern.) bey da.
dhmar, red
A
list
of these
is
;
liamara (hence Alhambra).
(fern.)
given on page 34.
POLITE DICTION.
not impolite, as in most European languages, to
use the 2nd person singular but it is usual in speaking
Thus, instead
to equals to use the word hdderet, presence.
of inta, thou, and Imwa, he, one says politely hddretak,
hddretu.
It is not necessary when the expression used is
in itself polite
Kattar khei/rak,
as, Min fadlak, Please
Thank you
Alldh yehfdzak, God keep you
Nehdrak
ia,%d, Good morning
Leyltak sa'ldah, Good evening
It
is
;
!
;
1
!
I
much
If the person addressed is of
higher rank, the
word sa'adetak or sa'adetkum should be used, and pronounced sa'ddtak, sa'ddtkum.
be familiar with the expressions by which
invoked.
Thus, Allah! is often "used during a
pause in conversation Bkviillah ! In the name of God
(on starting work or a journey) Insha, Allah I Please God
Masha, Allah! an expression
(used constantly for per/m^js)
of surprise or admiration (in the latter case with the
Yallah ! By God
intention of avoiding the evil eye).
(used always for " Go on " " Let us proceed " &c.).*
It is well to
God
is
;
I
I
;
;
I
!
!
On
entering a
room
or house, one
words Marhabba! (Welcome
wa sdhlan! (Make
!)
yourself at
or
is
more
home
addressed with the
cordially with
Ahlan
!).
As a rule, the expression Saldm 'aleykum ! (Peace be
upon you !) is reserved by Mohammedans for Mohammedans,
but
if
used to a Christian or other should be
es saldm ! (On you be peace 1).
answered by 'Aleykum
occasions of making an
word Itfdddal (Be
be used as a preliminary.
Politeness requires that on
all
offer of a seat, cigarette, coffee, &c., the
gracious)
must
WalUih
I
is
a form of oath for "
By Godl
!
!
!
!
67
CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES AND
SENTENCES.
Useful and Necessary Expressions.
Aeabic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
English.
At
akhlran
last
allow me
are you hungry?
be careful, open your
eyes
begone
out with you
by all means
certamly
come back
barra
m'alum, na'am
irg'a
hena
hush
inta sam'a?
ta'ala
idkhol,
me
inta arif, or ta'araf
samili ni, or
ma
imshi
iddl-ni, a'atl-ni
times ?
holloa there
!
immediately
kam marrah
oh you
ya inta
(in this
fil
!
in front of
in future (afterwards)
?
I
waqt, halan
ma yumkinsh
qodam
fil
qabil (ba'adeyn)
means {i.e.)
make haste
qawam,
many thanks
barakat warsin
it
ya'ani
bil 'agal
v
ta'akhiznish
min hena
m'a es-salamah
ruh min hena
me
time)
impossible
itl'a
la budd,
from here
good-bye
go away
go on
how many
ifta^ 'eynak
'ala kulli lial
do you hear ?
do you know ?
excuse me
give
li
inta ga'an
imshi
1
come here
come in
forgive
ismah
68
Arabic— Phonetic
English.
never mind
no
take care
ma'aleysh
la
'oal
1
me
qul-li
thanks
shokr
tell
you
tliank
that's another thing
the sooner the better
(to-day, before to-morto the rear
[row)
very bad
very much
very nice
very often (much)
very well
1
what
what
what
is
allah yahfdrZ-ak
deh shey tani
en nahar deh qabl bukra
li
wara
radi, bil
this for ?
this ?
liamm
qawi
kwayls khalis
ketir
ketir
'azim
tfiyyib,
huwa
?
ey deh
deh ey deh
?
eysh
?
is
Pronunciation.
'ala
who is there?
who is this ?
why ?
or eysh
deh
?
?
min henak ?
da min deh ?
ley?
na'am, aywa
yes
Simple and Practical Phrases.
akhkh
any news ?
fi khabar ?
Alas
!
1
are you in a hurry ?
as you like (to your
pleasure)
inta mista'agil ?
bring a liglat here
bring me
bring me a chair
call the servant
hat nur hena?
come back
do not annoy me
tell
him
do you think ?
do you understand?
do as you please, )
please yourself
gib
keyfak
li,
hat-li
hat kiirsi
inda el khaddam
erg'a
tiza'alnlsh
tinsHsh
taqul-lush
inta teftekr? or inta tezunn?
inta fahim ? or fahemt ?
ma
ma
ma
do not forget
don't
'ala
J
bi khatirak
!
69
Arabic— Phonetic
English.
get up
give him
give him a second one,
give me
[one'
give me a different
give me a little of
qum
[this
go back
go more slowly
go more quickly
good evening
good morning to you
he appealed (against
erg 'a
Pronunciation.
iddih; iddl-lu
iddlh (or iddl-lu) tani
iddl-ni
;
a'atini
iddl-ni wa^iid gheyr-u
iddl-ni shuwayah min
deh
imshi bishweysh
imshi bil 'agal
leylt-ak sa'idah
sabah el-kheyr
istanaf
07'
1
neharak
[sa'ld
the judgment of a
Court of Justice)
he
he
he
a liar
is
is
drunk
is
under
my
huwa kaddab
huwa sakran
huwa ta^it 'eydi
orders (hand)
he is very angry
[himself
he is ill
he learned Arabic by
he told me
hold your tongue,
(shut up) (end)
how do you do ?
how many ?
how many piastres ?
how much ?
how much do you
sell this (it)
how
must
to
I
huwa
oskut (ikhlas)
salamat
?
or
ez-zeykum
kam ? or qad eyh
kam qirsh ?
kam?
tibi'a
we
go
'anhu
am
am
am
deh bikam
?
?
et tarlq ila
possible for
me
aqdersh
yumkinnlsh
to)
you
I
have not
am angry with you
I
am
cold
ana m.ota'aggib
ana raih
ma
ma
ana a'akid lak
ma
bi-
[nafs-u
qal-ni
?
I assure
I
zaalan ketir
'ayyan
t'allam el 'arabi wahid-u
for?
astonished
going
I
not able
I cannot (it is not
I
huwa
huwa
'andlsh
ana za'alan wayyak
ana bardan
?
?
70
Arabic—Phonetic
Eugllsh.
I
I
I
I
I
am hungry
am not hungry
[to it
am tired
am not accustomed
am wrong
ana ga'an
ana mush ga'an
ana t'aaban
ana ma llsh 'adah
el haqq 'aleya
I
ma
I
ana
cannot
do not care
I do not know
I do not speak the
Arabic language
I cannot learn Arabic
if you speak English
I have no appetite
I have no passport
I
live at
I
want
want
I will
if
is
it
ma
ma
ma
'ala ball
'arafsh
atkallimsh
el
loghah
ma
aqdarsh at'alim 'arabi iza
kan inta tetkallim bilingellz
ma
ma
llsh nafs
'andlsh tazkarah
ti
—
buy
not (am not
ana 'awiz (or 'auz, or
ana 'awiz ishtiri
ana mush radi
to
everything ready
is not necessary
your fault
it is
not
my
?
fault
mistaken
it is
raining hard
it is
too late
very hot
keep to the right
knock at the door
lend me
let me help you
light the candle
it is
shuftush abadan
mush lazim
el-haqq 'aleyk
ana ma 'andish 'eyb
[("shame ")
ana ghaltan
yetmattar qawi
wakhri ketir
harr ketir
khallik 'ala yiminak
iklibat el
bab
salllf-ni
khalll-ni 'annak
lock the door
make
bil-'agal
haste
my words have made
no impression on
him
oh
!
(he did not
kalami
ma
sama'usb
my
word)
how dirty yon are
hear
'ayiz)
min fadlak
kuU shey hader ?
walla esh shama'a
walla en-nar
iqfil al bab bilkeylun
light the tire
el
'arabieh
ma
you please [willing)
am
aqdarsh
ana sakin
it is
I
flh
saw him
I never
I
—
Pronunciation.
ya
1
ma-inta wisekh
!
71
Ababic— Phonetic Pronunciation.
English.
open the door
permit
iftah el
me
rinn
ring the bell
radd
speak plainly
speak the truth
tell
tell
!
no
garas
bab,
el bilb
itfaddal oq'od
!
lies
!
itkallam bil'ali
qui bil liaqq
ihtazar ma takdibsh
!
the
[straight)
qul-lu
truth
qui doghri
kattar kheyrak
bass 01- bi-ziadah
ma fish darar
kullohum zey ba'ad
thank you
that's enough
(it
I
there is no harm
they are all alike
this annoys me very
[much
wait here
wait until he comes
walk slowly
we will eat
what are you doing ?
what did he say ?
what does it con-
I
deh yiza'alni ketir
istanna hena
istanna lihdd
imshi
'ala
ma
yeygi
mahlak
'auzin nakul
bit'amil eyh ?
qal eyh ?
fib
eyh
?
?
what do you say ?
what do you want ?
what have you got ?
what is that ? [ence ?
what is the differwhat is the matter ?
what is the news ?
what is this ?
what is to be done ?
what is your name ?
what is your opinion?
you
what makes
angry
I
khud-u
him
tain
el
iqfil el
down, please
take care
take it
gavas,
el
doqq
shut the door
sit
bab
ismali-li, or Izin-li
bitqul eyh ?
'auz eyh ?
eyh 'andak?
eyh deh ?
el fark eyh ?
el khabar eyh ?
el khabar eyh ?
eysh huwa ?
el 'amal eyh?
ismak eyh ?
takhminak eyh
?
inta za'alan leyh ?
?
what o'clock is it ?
what pay does he get?
es sa'ah
kam ?
kam?
mahlyat-u
72
Akabic.
English.
what shall I do ?
where are you ?
where are you going?
where do you live ?
where is he now ?
which house is yours?
which horse will you
—Phonetic
Pronunciation.
ana a'mil izzay ?
inta feyn ?
inta raih feyn ?
inta sakin feyn ?
huwa feyn dilwaqti
anhi beyt bit'aak ?
anhu hosan tirkab ?
ride?
you allow me ?
you oblige me ?
will you take this ?
who told you ?
you must go now
you are late
you are right (the
will
tismah
will
'amil ma'artif
truth
is
your
in
li ?
takhod deh
?
min
?
qal lak
?
lazim teruh dilwaqt
inta ta.akhart
el
haqq
bi
eydak
hands)
Directions to
Bring a hoe
to
earth
go thus
take care of
leave
turn
do
it
hat turieli (u) hat fas
hat ghalaq (muqtaf)
hat habl
;
bring a basket
bring rope
dig here
take from before you
take from behind you
make it wider
deeper yet
go down deeper
go down to water
go down
Workmen.
native
'amal-u was'a ziadah
ghawit
lissa
inzel wati lissa
inzel lil moyyah
inzel
lil
'ard sahih
deh
{lit.,
khalllh salim [slowly with
complete
over
not break
hena
imsek min qodam
imsek min wara
ifhat
mashi keda
bishweysh min
it
*'
(l)
iqlib-u
it
the
Dricks
are there
mud bricks
or burnt bricks ?
See
ma
fi
p. 13.
tiksar-ush et tub
tub nai au tub
ahmar
?
it)
73
Akabic.
English.
work, oh boy
pull
turn
Pronunciation.
ishtaghal ya walad
shidd or shil [carry)
1
push
;
— Phonetic
dauwar-u
it
come and measure
the work
ta'ala qls esh-shoghl
but measure
it
m'teqis-u
how much
are
wages
el
ograh
kam
?
?
work
the
the
is
by the day
esh shoghl bil
yom
measure
this is very tough
I cannot lift it up
it is needful to have
deh yabis khalas
ma aqdarsh ashil-u
lazim nas ziadah
more men
ornament (-ed)
rasm (mersum)
,,
,,
bil qias
,,
,,
inscription (inscribed)
mound of ruins
kitabah (maktub)
potsherds
shuqf
cemetery
gabbanah
grave
turbah, pin. turab
kom, or
tell
Travel Talk.— Arrival.
I
'auz
want a boat
this is not big enough
for us
it will not do
can you take our
luggage with you?
no
1
certainly, sir
[porter
you a
he can carry the lot by
himself; he is strong
he has a cart, too
I
will bring
there
is first
the cus-
wahed felukkah
deh mush keblr
'ala shan-na
bil
kifayah
ma yenf'ash
teqdar takhod el 'afsh
la
!
bit'a-
na wayyak?
ommal ya
sidi*
!
agib lak wahed shayyal
yeqdar yeshll kullu bi nafs-u;
[karro
huwa gad'af
'andu kaman wahed 'arableh
auwalan
fi
taftlsh el
gumruk
tom-house exami[carriage
nation
we
will
go
in
the
ehna neruh
Ommal corresponds to "Katherl
Used politely
t Gad'a (lit., brave).
especially in the streets, to make way.
*
I
fil
'arableh
should thinli so."
calling out to any man,
when
74
Aeabic— Phonetic
English.
you must come with
us
Pronunciation.
lazim inta teygi wayya-na
[fare is
me how much the
how much is the fare
tell
qul-li el
bi
kam
ograh bi kam
ograh lil mahattah?
el
to the station?
person four
piastres
[much ?
and the porter, how
he is entitled to ask
each
two
kul shakhs arb'aa qurush
wa'sh shayyal, kam ?
haqq-u [Ids right] qirsheyn, wa huwa biyetlob baqshish 'ala shan
harr ketir wa'l 'afsh
and
piastres,
asking for baqshish because it is
hot and the luggage is heavy
is the luggage correct?
eleven pieces
you left one in the
steamer
you must send the
porter to enquire
about it
is
[by God] I
there
quite forgot it, sir
1
[0
my
master]
thank goodness
someone
ing
is
!
—
teqil
el 'afsh
tamam ?
had'ashra hittah*
wahedah
inta fut
lazim
tirsel
fil
wabur
esh-shayyal yis.al
'an-u
w'allah
ya
ana neslt-u khalas
!
sidi
hamdu
el
I'illah
1
fi
had
biyeglb-u dilwaqti
bring-
now
it
The Railway.
Is the station far?
no ; a quarter of an
el
mahattah ba'id ?
masafah rob'a s'aah bas3
la
;
whendoesthetraingo?
el
wabur
in half-an-hour
b'ad
hour's distance only
anyhow,
start
it
will not
before
the
[then
mails come
we need not hurry
*
Hittah
(sing.).
'ala
yesafir
imta?
nuss sa'ah
kulli hal ma yesafirsb
\after']
qabli
ma
mush lazim
Beyond ten the singular
is
teygi el bosta
nist'agil
baqa
always p-ed.
75
Aeabic.
English.
please go and get
the tickets
I want four first-class
there is a ticket short
— Phonetic Pronunciation.
min
fadlak ruh wa gib et
tazakir
[ula
'auz arb'aa mehellat daragah
I will
never mind
bring you another
fi tazkarah naqes
m'aleysh
agib lak
wiihedah
and the money
w'al
!
;
is it
right ?
one piastre is bad
[by the life of your
father] I swear
the interpreter
there is no need to
I will ascertain from
him, all the same
the luggage goes without extra charge
no
I have paid 15
piastres
here's
the receipt [journey
I wish you a good
you are travellers
I
;
how
long have you
been in Egypt ?
we arrived only today
[Cairo ?
are you going
to
shall stay there
four days waiting
for the steamer
it
is
not enough
you require 2 or
3 weeks at least
our intention is to
see everything be;
we go back
England
fore
filus,
tamam?
[comjdete]
wahed qirsh batal
wa hayat abuk huwa tayyib
1
it
[only old
is good
you are right, it is
1 would like to ask
we
kaman
1
to
lak haqq,
huwa qadmi
ana biddi
is,al et
bass
terguman
ma
fish lezum
ana istdfhem min-u bardu
el 'afsh yertih
la
ballash
ana dof 'aat khamast'ashrah
qirsh
ah6 el wasl
;
[safety)
m'a es salamah (lit. with
hadretkum musafirin
baqa lakum kam yom fi berr
Masr?
I
wasalna en nehar deb bass
intum rayhin fi Masr ?
noqod henak arb'at eyyam,
mustannin el wabur
ma
yekfish
;
lazim
aqall
guma'ateyn telatah
qasdena neshuf kullu qabli
ma
nirg'a
inc:eliz
fil
bilad
el
!
76
Arabic.
English.
good
perhaps
;
I
you when
you return from
Upper Egypt
shall see
God
please
—Phonetic Pronunciation.
kway-is
;
Wake me
early
the morning
in
min
tirga'u
es
Sa'id
insha,allah
An
ashuf-
insha,allah
kum lamma
I
Excursion.
subh
salii-ni badri es
ahram
we are going to see the
elina rayliin neshuf el
Pyramids to-morrow
do you want me to get
the donkeys ready?
bukra
hadretak 'auz in-ni aliaddar
el hemir?
perhaps we shall go
in a carriage, but
yumkin
anyhow we
shall
take food with us
everything
siiwill be all right
you must take the
necessaries for tea
the teapot, the spirit,
matches and everymust be
thing
yes,
I
;
wrapped in paper
have wrapped up
everything and put
it
and melons on the
[the wine
way
good do not forget
we want to go up the
Pyramids
just as you wish, sir
;
not
difficult,
but
one
will bring two men
to go up with you
it tires
I
'arableh,
fi
hal
kulli
'ala
nakhod akl wayya-na
hadir ya sidi,
yibqa tamam
shey
kulli
takhod el ashya
lowazimah li shai
el
sbirlt, kabrit,
wa
lazim
el abriq, es
lazim kullu
ana
fil
yitlaff
laffeyt kullu
wa
fi
waraq
hotteyt-u
qafas
into the basket
we can buy oranges
it is
neruli
walakin
this is
not necessary
yumki'nna nishteri bortoqan
wa shammam (or
wa ehna fi sikkali
tayyib
;
ma
batikh)
tinsash en nebid
biddinna nitl'a
el
ahram
[effendim
zey
deh
ma
(or
keyfak),
sa'ab,
walakin
terld
mush
yit'ab el insan {man)
agib ragileyn yitl'au wayya
hadretak
deh mush daruri
;
77
Ababic— Phonetic
English.
am
strong and can
go up alone [once
get the tea ready at
the horse is going
lame, and is very
I
Pronunciation.
ana gamid wa aqdar
atl'a bi
nafs-i
haddar esh shai halan
el hosan biy 'urog wa ta'aban
ketir
tired
arbaggi biyidrab
the driver is beating
the horse without
any reason
he knows his business
he is not cruel
another time I will
take someone else
they are all alike
el
have you made an
account of what
you have spent ?
'atiiilt
On
have seen the dahabieh, and it is a
I
el
hosan
bidun sabab
y'araf shoghl-u
huwa mush qasi
marrah
tani
akhod wahed
gheyr-u
kuUohum
zey ba'ad
hisab min el
{inoney)
illi
felus
sardft-u ?
the Nile.
ana shuft ed dahabieh wa
hiya merkeb 'aal
very fine boat
have you brought all
the luggage down ?
have you brought the
vegetables and mutton, fowls and eggs
nazzdlt kul
el 'afsh ?
ishtereyt el khodarat wa lahm
dani, wa firakh wa beyd;
wa
lil
merakbieh
hauwa
{or er rih)
t'ayyinat
also provisions for
the crew ?
the wind
if
is not
enough, we must
use the oars [tiful
the weather is beau-
can we land and see
the
town after
sunset ?
as you wish, sir;
the people
but
here are bad
we are not afraid
iza
kan
el
mush
'aamil
kafi,
el
lazim
nist-
maqadlf
hauwa kway-is
yumkinna ninzel neshuf el
balad deb, b'ad el maghel
reb ?
zey ma terld hadretak, walakin en nas hen«^ batalln
ehna mush khaifin
78
Aeabio.— Phonetic Pronunciation.
English.
if
you walk on this
side of the town,
there
is
tion
I
[boat
is
el
!
wonder where the
to-morrow we
will go
shooting together
there
are
pigeons
and quail and sometimes sandgrouse
want someone
to
carry the cartridges
and the basket with
the food
you will keep (walking) on the right
and lin the middle
quail are always to
be found in the
wheat
you keep behind me
and be silent [for it
I hit it; go and look
I am tired, and it is
very late
nearly six, and
we are hungry
the Berberines are
it is
fellows,
el merkeb feyn ya tara
ah6, qibli min el balad, 'ala
taraf esh sliarqi
!
bukra neruLi
saua
fi
lis-seyd
saua
hammam wa
ba'ad
el
siman wa
ahyan qatt'a
'auz walied ragil yeshll el
fishenk wa'l qafas bil akl
inta
mashi 'ala
yeniln wa ana fil wust
tekun
es
el
siman tamdlli maugudin
fi'l
qam^i
khallik wara-ni
wa
oskot
ana sibt-u ruh dauwar 'aleyh
ana t'aaban wa wakhri ketir
;
[luck
we have had good
good
min
no objec-
there it is, south of
the town, on the
east bank
I
iza timshi nahayadeh
balad, ma fish ba,_as
and
thoroughly acquainted with the river
certainly, they work
hard, and are not
[their pay
lazy
they are asking for
it is not due yet
bakhtena (our luck) tayyib
sa'ah sitteh taqriban wa ehna
ga'anin
el
Barabra
nas (people)
tayyibin wa 'arifin el bahr
bil kullieh
ma'alum, yishtaghalu giddan
wa mush
humma
lissa
kaslanin
[bit'a^thum
talibin
mush wafa
el
mahiyah
;
79
Ababic— Phonetic
English.
that
yishteru hagat
to buy things
bidduhum
walakin
sahlh,
but they
true,
is
want
Pronunciation.
fantasieh
lil
for the fantasia
if
this
is
there
is
case
the
baza
fi
el
ma
l.ial,
fish
man'a
no objec-
tion
humma
they are very pleased;
and
all
my
mabsutin
khalas
kaman
ana
wa
akhdam
too would
like to serve you
I
'auz
hadretak
till
yumkin neruh saua
marrah taniah
saua
insha,allah aruh qibli
wayya
'umr-i
life
perhaps we will go
together another
time
please God I will go
south with your
next
excellency
jenabak es senah
illi
gay ah
year
you give me a
testimonial, please?
tiddi-ni
will
God keep you
good-bye
alldih
!
m'a
I
shehadah min fadlak?
yaljfazak
es
salamah
WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.
Weight.
-99
144 dirhem make 1 rotl or pound =
= 2'75
1 oqqa
400 dirhem ,,
=99*05
Ikantar
100 rotl
„
1 pik (the principal
for cloth
and
Length.
measure)
_op.Q
English.
,,
,,
„
,,
•
"
'
"~
silk)
lb. av.
j
=11
I qasab
ft.
7-7G in.
,,
Surface.
400 square qasah make
or acre
1
...
...
feddan,
...
=1
acre 6 rods
,,
=5'44 bushels
,,
Capacity.
24
ri(6'a
make
1
...
rtrc/e/j
N.B.— The metric system
is
commonly used
lor weight
and length.
—
80
EGYPTIAN MONEY.
Egyptian Value.
Systematic Name.
English
MilUeme
=
id.
=
2id.
1
10 Millihnes
1 Piastre or Qirsh
'
Piastres. Mill'mes.
Gold
£
d.
s.
Dels. Cents
Coins,
Giney Masri (the
Egyptian pound)
Nuss Giney
Silver Coins.
Hiydl Masri ...
)
1000
100
50
500
20
10
2
200
100
50
20
1
10
TO
1
TO
2
5
Hub' a Riydl ...
Qirsheyn
Qirsh (Piastre)
2
50
4
1
1
.3
—
—
—
•2
—
—
—
MilUeme
6
— —
— —
1
Copper pieces
{2-Para and 1-Para pieces);
5
1
50
25
of
these
|
1
1
and
are
—
—
\ MilUeme
used only by
the very poor.
Note.
— English
tourists are
credit notes cashed in
are valued as under
recommended
English Gold.
to
have their
The following
:
Piastres. Millifimes.
The English Sovereign
The French Napoleon
William Bbown &
(£1)
(20f.)
Co., Ltd., St.
97.5
77.1i
Mary Axe, London, E.G.
5
5
2i
5
Nuss Qirsh
2 Milliemes
are
5
3
10
Nickel Coins.
There
6
1
j
Niiss lliyal
1
American
Money.
English
Money.
Egyptian
Monet.
ARABIC NAME.
"Valujb.
2
1
i
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French Grammar
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Edited and Revised by C. A. Thimm. Demy 8vo., 220 pp., cloth 2/6
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Crn.
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French Technical Words and Phrases, by J. A. STANDRING
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(The), No. 1. By AJAX. ENGLISHContaining Pronunciation, Notes on Grammar,
FRENCH.
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Size 6 x 3^.
Weights and Measures. Sixth Edition. 1915.
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Toujours Pret, by Toreau de MARNEY the Ideographic French
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Manual of Conversation.
Practical
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Motoring, &c.). Tables of Money, Pronunciation, Classified ConThe Numerals,
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Mav be recommended." The Daily Telegraph.
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London: E.
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Traveller's Practical Manual of Conversation.
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German Technical Words and Phrases, by C. A. THIMM and
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Conversation.
No. 2 (uniform with No. 1). English, French, GERMAN, and
Dutch. Second Edition, 1914. Crown 12mo., 152 pp., brown
.•• 1/0
•
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meet every need of every traveller; but this little book, which
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Crown 8vo., 120 pp., blue wrapper ...
Do.
of
Greak
Coinage;
1916.
2/0
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Self -Taught The book gives the words of the purist
as well as of the popular sneech. The latter will he very serviceable
for travellers in Greece. The former we recoininend to candidates for
"Greek (Mo'lern)
Smails.— O/-/0/T?. Ma(jazine.
"The vocabularies and dialogues are exactly what the beginner needs,
and those who've class cal Greek is gettin-i a little rusty will find this
little voluMie delightfully fresh and interesting, recalli'ig a tiieat deal
that tliey had nearly forgotten. Krp rtn Cre /«. We have tried it ourselves and can heartily recomiuend it.— The Preibiiter^an.
Modern Greek Grammar, by
VLACHOS.
(See page 23).
HINDUSTANI.
Hindustani Self-Taught, by Capt. C. A.
THIMM
in
Homan
characters.
Hindustani Text Revised by Professor J. F. Blumhardt, m.a., m.ii.a.s., Professor of Hindustani at the London
University.
With English Piionetic Pronunciation. Containing
Vocabularies; Conversations; Colloquial and Idiomatic Phrases
Travel Talk; Naval, Military, Legal, Judicial, Religious. Commercial, Shooting and Pishing Terms Indian Titles, Castes and
Servants: Tables of Money, Weights and Measures, &c.
Fifth Edition. 1915. Crovyn 8vo., 112pp., blue wrapper ... 2/0
;
;
Do.
do., red cloth
2/6
" It is sufficient to sav that this clear and concise little work on Hindustani is we 1 up to the high standard of those which have preceded it
the book should proveof the greatest value."— 2Vie Statenmaii, Calcutta.
.
Hindustani
Grammar
Revised _ by
BILGRAMI,
.
THIMM.
SAYYID 'ALI
Self-Taught, by Capt. C. A.
SHAMS'UL
.
.
'ULAMA
M.A. Cnntnh., ll.b., Afsoc. k.s.m.
London, m.r.a.s.
A
Simplified Grammar, Alphabet, Rules of
Grammar, and Parts of Speech, &c. II. Exercises and Examination Papers, Reading Lessons, with Translations.
III. The
Vernacular, Hindiistani Penmanship, Phrases, Extracts from
Classical (Urdu) Authors.
IV. Key and Dictionary of Words, &c.
Third Edition. 1916. Crown 8vo., 120 pp., blue wrapper ... 2/0
Containing:
Do.
I.
do.,
red cloth
2/6
"The essential
shown
points and rules of Hindfistani Grammar are admirably
in a concise and simple form."— Madras Mail.
Hindustani Self-Taught and
Grammar
(in
one volume).
8vo., 282 p.p., red cloth
London: E.
MARLBOROUGH &
Crown
5/0
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HUNGARIAN.
16
ITALIAN.
HUNGARIAN.COUNT
Hungarian Self-Taught (Tliimm's System) by
bOISSONS. With Phonetic Pronunciation.
the
Net
de
Containing The
Alphabet, Preliminary Notes', Vocabularies, Elementary Grammar,
l*.tunology, ]Modes of Address, Conversational Phrases and
Sentence^", Travel Talk, Commercial and Trading, Legal, lieligious
Terms and Phrases. Cycling, Photography, Amusements, Money
with illustration of Hungarian Coinage and English and American
1910.
Pleasures, Postal Rates, &c.
values, Weights and
2/0
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Do.
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ITALIAN.
Entirely new and
(Tliimm's System).
Italian Self-Taught
VECCHIA. For
enlarged edition. Revised by G.
learning the languHge by the Natural Method, with Phonetic
Pronunciation. Contaming Alphabet and ironunoiation, Notes
on Articles, Gender, Accent, &c. Classified Vocabularies; Conversational Phrases and Sentences; Travel Talk; Commercial,
Trading, Naval and Military Terms, Amusements, I\Iotoring,
Cycling, Photography, Musical Terms, Tables of Money with
English and American Values, Weights and Measures, and
1911. Crown 8vo., 152 pp.,
illustration of Italian Coinage.
•••
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DALLA
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PANAGULLI,
By A. C.
Italian Grammar Self-Taught.
Principal of the London Scnool of Italian. Containing Alphabet,
the Diiuble Consonants, Pronunciation, Accent, the Apostrophe,
the Definite Article, Use of the Articles the Sub-tantive, Gender
the Adjective; Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers; Indefinite
Adjectives and Pronouns; Auxiliary, Regular, and Irregular
Synoptical Table of the Three Conjugations. Reading
Verbs.
Lessons. Idiomatic Expressions. Alphabetical Vocabulary. 1916.
;
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PANAGULLI.
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In
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Italian and English Commercial Correspondence, by E. S.
and W. CHiiVOB MAURICE,
Containing Model Phiases, Letters, Enquiries
A.I.L., London.
relating to Goods, Offers of Goods, Orders and their Execution,
ROMERO-TODEbCO
London: E.
MAKLBOROUGH &
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ITALIAN
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JAPANESE,
17
Net
Shipping Correspondence, Agencies, Situations, Financial Credit,
Insurance of Goods. Finance Market Reports with Phrases.
Announcements.
Letters of Introduction.
Complaints and
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Drafts, Inland and Foreign.
Commercial Terms and Abbreviations.
Tables of ]\Ioney, Weights
and Measures, &c., &c. 191.3.
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...
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Practical
Manual
of
Conversation.
(Marlborough's) English, French, German & ITALIAN,
hi one book. Containing Travel Notes (Customs, Cycling, Motoring,
&c.). Tables of Money, Pronunciation, Classified Conversations,
sui)jects arranged alphabetically.
The Numerals, Weights and
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No
1
Measures, Washing List, Dictionary of Words in daily use.
4th Edition, 1914. Crn. 12mo, 152 pp., round corners, red wrap. 1/0
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Japanese Self-Taught [Thimm's System In Roman Characters].
byW.J.S. SHAND, late Director, School of Japanese Language
and Literature, London. With English Phonetic Pronunciation.
Containing The Syllabary
Classified Vocabularies and Conversations; Travelling, Commercial and Trading, Naval, Military
and Religious Terms and Phrases; the Numerals; IMoney
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Second Edition.
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Japanese Grammar Self-Taught, by H.
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Extracts. 1. Exercises for Translation, with Key. 2. Reading
Exercises, with Pronunciation and Translation. 3. Japanese
Extracts, with Key. III. Vocabularies (alphabetical), JapaneseEnglish and English-Japanese, Money, Weights and Measures.
Second Edition. 1907. Crown 8vo., 184 pp., blue wrapper ... 4/0
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Japanese Self-Taught and Grammar,
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E.
MARLBOROUGH &
in one volume.
Co., Publishers, 51,
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NORWEGIAN.
LATIN.
PERSIAN.
LATIN.
Net
TOPHAM
Latin Self-Taught (Thimm's System), by J.
(Barristerat-La\v). For learning the language by the natural method. With
Phonetic Pronunciation. Containing Classified Vocabularies;
Numerals
Medical. Prescriptional, Dispensing, Legal and
Religious Terms and Phrases Quotations, Inscriptions, Mottoes,
;
;
Proverbs, etc., etc. Grammar, Construing, Abbreviations(Degrees,
Titles, Distinctions, etc.).
Second Edition. 1915. Crn. 8vo,
...
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144 pp., blue wrapper ...
...
...
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" The vocahularies appear to be well assorted, the grammar is concise
and sufficient, and the phra-;e8, oidinary and professional, including
1/&
medical, will be found useful. "—'i'/ie Lancet.
THIMM.
Revised and EnC. A.
With Phonetic Pronunciation.
larged by P. Th.
Containing Vocabularies, Elementary Grammar, Conversations,
Phrases and Sentences, Forms of Letters, Commercial, Legal and
Religious Terms, Travel Talk, Motoring, Cycling, Photography,
Fishing, Shooting, Amusements, INEoney with illustration of
Norwegian coinage and English and American values, Weights
and Measures. Fifth Edition. 1912. Crown 8vo., 128 pp.,
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
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Norwegian Self-Taught, by
HANSSEN.
.
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by
In
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The Persian Alphabet, Transliteration and Pronunciation;
Outline of Grammar with Persian Characters; Classified VocabuTravel Talk Trade and Commerce
laries and Conversations
Post Office and Correspondence; Illustration of the Persian
Coinage; Persian Handwriting; The Numerals, Money with
;
-
—
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;
English and American values. Weights and Measures. 1909.
.••
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who flei're to acquire a colloquial and practical knowledge, and to all
such we gladly recommend this very useful little book."— ^Z'/ta Farsi,
" This
B-ymba
London:
E.
is
'
.
MARLBOROUGH &
Co., Publishers, 51,
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RUSSIAN.
PORTUGUESE.
SINHALESE.
19
I>ORXXJOUESES.
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Portuguese Self-Taught (Thimm's System), by E. da CUNHA.
Vocabularies,
Containing
With Phonetic Pronunciation.
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Weights and Measures, Ac. Skcond Edition. 1912. Crown 8vo.,
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RUSSIAN.
Russian Self-Taught,by C.
A
THIMM and J. MARSH ALL, m. a.
With English Phonetic
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Pronunciation Containing Vocabularies of words in general
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Military, Commercial and Trading Terms and Conversations;
Tables of Money with illustration of Russian coinage and
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Fifth Edition. 1915. Crown 8vo., 134 pp., blue wrapper ... 2/0
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THIMM:
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Counterfoils in Engli-sh.
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Russian & English Dialogues, by F.
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GHE,M.A.,Epigraphist to tlieCeyion Government. JuSinhalese&
Roman chaiaclers, with the English Phonetic Pronunciation.
Containing the Sinhalese Alphabet, with transliteration and
phonetic signs used; CI i si tied Vocabularies and Conversations;
Outline of Grammar; Terms and Phrases for Travel, Commerce,
Planting, Public Works, Fishing and Shouting, &c.; Numerals,
Money, Weights and Measures, Postal Rates. 1916.
...
...
••.
...
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Crown 8vo, 119 pages, blue wrapper
Do.
London: E.
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MARLBOROUGH &
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20
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Spanish Self-Taught (Thirnm's System). Entirely now and enlarged
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Containing
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Alphabet and Pronunciation, Notes on Articles, Gender, Accent,
&c.. Classified Vocabularies, Conversational Phrases and Sentences, Correspondence, Travel Talk, Commercial, Naval and
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sta^jd Rules of Grammar, with abundant exemplary Sentences,
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full, alphabetical, English-Spanish Vocabulary of the words
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very
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Spanish by Home Study. (Three books, banded together: Spanish
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Spanish
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Carl Cederlof, with English Phonetic Pronunciation. Containing Classified Vocabularies, Colloquial and
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Travel Talk; Cycling Photographic, Shooting, Fishing, Money,
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Tamil Self-Taught, by Don M. de Zilva
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Epigraphist to the Ceylon Government. In Roman characters,
The
Containing
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Phonetic
with English
Classified Vocabularies and Conversations EnglishAlphabet
Vocabulary; Travelling, Commercial,
Alphabetical
Tamil
Official, Planting, Shooting and Fishing Terms and Phrases
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"
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2/6
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Tamil Grammar Self-Taught. by Don M. Zilva de
WICKRE-
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In Tamil and Roman Characters. Containing
Grammar and Syntax. Alphabet and Pronunciation. Tamil
I.
Characters Transliteration. Parts of Speech. Rules of Syntax.
III.— TamilExercises in Tamil and English, with Key.
II.
1906.
English Vocabulary, Alphabetically arranged.
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,
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24
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