Egyptian self-taught (Arabic) : containing alphabet and
Transcription
Egyptian self-taught (Arabic) : containing alphabet and
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO A: Ai 01 Oi Of CI 1 1 / 8 J» I 1 1 1 b 2 -< -n r~ -i b g'ionaj mty ^A^ iJjLJL. 3ca«c< Oc^^*^^-^ f'J'^y UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN piEGO 3 1822 01898 3668 fHE UNIVEf?5;iTY LlRRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. SAN CIEGO LA JOLLA. CALIFORNIA Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive in 2008 witii IVIicrosoft funding from Corporation littp://www.arcliive.org/details/egyptianselftaugOOtliim EGYPTFAN COINAGE. SILVEE. 2 10 riASTKt.H, Tariff. 1 Piastres, T. Piastre, T. NICKEL. 1 [P.O. 619H.] Rlll.I.U-MK. 2 M II.I.IKMES. [See p. 80.] MARLBOROUGH'S SELF-TAUGHT SERIES. Egyptian Self-Taught (ARABIC). CONTAINING — — Alphabet and Pronunciation Vocabularies Elementary Grammar Idiomatic Phrases & Conversations Travel Talk Money, Weights and Measures. — — — BY CAPTAIN C. A. THIMM. Fourth Edition, Revised and Enlarged by MAJOR R. A. MARRIOTT, London E. MARLBOROUGH & CO., D.S.O. : 51, 1914. [all rights reserved.] Old Bailey, E.C — NOTE TO THIRD EDITION. been the fashion since the occupation of Egypt It has speak to slightingly of the colloquial form of Arabic in use there. This is partly because, as is the case in every country, the commoner forms of speech seem uncouth and unclassical to students who have learnt their Arabic either in universities, from viunshis in India, or from Syrians (who are frequently in Egypt the professed instructors). The basis of the common speech is, however, classical, though not directly recognisable as such. The fact that some of the words have not been encountered in the comparatively scanty literature of the Arabs, nor in the Koran, does not preclude them from being Arabic, though the forms of speech may not rank higher than such English forms as shan't, ain't, and Tve. Take, for instance, the word so often heard balldsh, gratis (used This is the often where "gratis" is scarcely the trahslation). Egyptian form of bila shcy, via shcy, like the ne negative is without anything; and mush (not) is in French, though the proper and pas ind, Id, or leyss. The Egyptian language has also the characteristic of using many words in their diminutive form. Thus md, water, becomes moyyah saghir, small, saghayijar, hence also the form sliutudyyah which again is scarcely recognisable in the expression bi shtveysh meaning slowly. Further, letters are sometimes transposed zog, a pair, becomes guz yiVan becomes yin'al, the most common expletive in " May your father be cursed" use, in the form yin'al abuk ! ; : ; 1 Some scholars are of opinion that the Egyptian Arabic, showing kinship with the Aramaic, is entitled to as high a place in the pedigree of the langua.ge as is the language of the Koran. Everyone of standing or education in Egypt speaks with a superstructure of good Arabic, so that a student of the language may rest assured that as he advances in knowledge of the expressions and words used amongst the educated natives he i? learning Arabic which will stand him in good stead elsewliere. R. CUelintiford, Iy07, A. MARRIOTT. PREFACE. THIS intended as a practical handbook of spoken in Egypt, for the Army and Navy, Travellers, Missionaries and Traders, in the Nile Valley and Delta, or in the Sudan. little manual is colloquial Arabic, as By the use of this book, students, tourists and others will find they are quite competent to make themselves understood by all classes of Arabs met with in Egypt, the Sudan, and a considerable part of North Africa. Full Vocabularies of words in common, every-day use are sup- comprehensive list of Military terms and a useful section of Conversational Phrases and Sentences of a practical character. In addition an outline of the Grammar of Arabic is given, and students of the Language will find this of great assistance in mastering the construction of sentences. plied, including a particularly In the Vocabularies the plural has in most cases been added to the nouns, as well as the imperative of the verbs, which also occasionally presents diificulties. The system of transliteration adopted is of a simple and phonetic and is clearly laid down at the commencement of the book, where the forms of the Arabic. characters are given, together character, with a full explanation of the peculiarities of pronunciation, the Egyptian rendering of the Arabic alphabet, and the equivalent sound of each letter in English thus supplying the key to the second column throughout. — Thanks are due to Professor Flinders Petrie for revising the and to Sir Alfred Milner, K.C.B., Dr. Andrew Watson, Captain H. C. Prichard, Mr. D. A. Cameron and others for useful suggestions made. proofs, CONTENTS. PAGE The Alphabet 5 The Forms of the Letters Remarks on the Pronunciation of Arabic ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Pood and Drink Human Body, The Militan-y Titles Naval and Military Terms Numbers: 6 8 — Pages 12 to 60. Animals, Birds and Fishes Colours Commercial and Trading Terms ... ... ... Countries and Nations ... Eating and Cooking Utensils Fruits, Trees, Flowers, Herbs and Vegetables Government Ministries and Administrations House and Furniture ... ... ... ... Mankind: Relations Dress Vocabularies. ... Cardinal, Collective... ... ... 14 34 59 31 21 16 45 22 18 19 20 16 46 47 32 Conjunctions, 34 to 45 Interrogatives, Prepositions, Pronour^s, Verbs ... 24 Professions and Trades 60 Religious Words for Missionary \Yorkers 15 ... ... ... ... Reptiles and Insects 25 Ships and Shipping 28 Shooting Implements and Fishing Tackle 29 Time and Seasons 23 ... ... ... ... ... ... Town and Country 26 Travelling 12 World and its Elements, The 13 Land and Water Minerals and Metals 27 Writing Parts of Speech: Adjectives, Adverbs, etc.. ; The Grammar of Arabic— Pages 61 to 66. —The Verb Auxiliary Verbs General Formation Tenses — Pronoun — Formation of Plurals — Definite Article — Negative — Adjective — Polite Diction. Conversations. —Pages 67 to 79. Remarks : ; of Directions to Workmen Travel Talk Arrival : An Excursion On the Nile The Railway Simple and Practical Phrases Useful and Necessary Expressions Weights and Measures Egyptian Money .. 72 73 76 77 74 68 67 79 80 EGYPTIAN LANGUAGE (ARABIC). PHONETIC TRANSLITERATION. 1. THE ALPHABET. The Arabic Alphabet letters, all of guages, is composed of the 2S following which are written, from the right hand like to the most Eastern Lanleft. assumes a different form according to the beginning, middle or its Each position when at the at end of the word. The following characters are written:—1. when totally unconnected with any other 2. letter letter. end of a word, or joined only to the letter preceding. 3. when connected with the preceding and following letters. 4. when at the beginning of a the letter following. word, or joined only to THE FORMS OF THE LETTERS. When Name. unconnected with other characters. When Final, joined to preceding only. ! I Bey ^ V^ Tey c^ ViA They CJ t^ Alif joined to other letters. Medial, joined to preceding and following. A A A Initial, joiued to following only. | Pronunciation in Egypt. — a ^ b J t 'J t (Arabic th or s) Gim c r rs\ s- g (Arabic j) Ha C i^V s>. h Kha t e e ^\. ^ kh <:> tX — — d Dal Zal Rey 6 z tX — r ; 7 y ; > / Sin LT LT* A«A •M/ 8 Shin LT lA AWb •w sh Sad UO (j^ J>D. ^ s Dhad U^ c>A -^ ^ d Zeyn z \Ylien joined to othe ' letters. When unconnected witli other characters. Name. Final, joined to preceding only. Medial, joined to preceding and following. Initial, joined to following only. Pronunciation In Egypt. h h. k J^ t h ^ k \b Z 'Ain e t A & aa Ghain t d A h gh Fey o v^ A i f (J- A 'i q {or g) Tha Zha {or Dha) Kaf O ^d Lam J J^ j\Iim r r Nun 'J ^ A Hey s & ^ Wilu ^ ^ Yey ^ (5 Qaf The forms I j 6 » ^JL \ and , s: ^ JL Many ^ k J 1 A m J D » h w, u. A V I are used as connecting letters. From J and Lam-Alif are formed^ From j (n) and is, (kh) is formed the \ S or lil, in connection ligature ii. other ligatures are formed, especially in writing. ^ — REMARKS ON THE PRO^'UNCIATION OP ARABIC. Where in English we have more than one pronunciation for we are content to leave it so, but the Arabic alphabet a letter contains a different two s, two d, — which sounds 2, last are (as far as English real difficulties are until is some mastery The more subtle, as the chief difficulties but though strange to our ; been obtained. a sound is purposes. practical and very often not recognized of the language has c, transcribed 'din, c concerned) peculiar they are soon mastered sufficiently for ears, two t, and two k sounds, besides the c and the These two are often quoted to Arabic. language. the in has two h sounds, two v, it in mastering the Arabic pronunciation The sound every for letter Though Arabic has no j? and which vowel-sounds of a (long), ee (English), and is u, linked with the but generally with the a, and can be distinguished from ^hem, even by a not very It can be attained by produced far back and down in precise ear. the muscles must be developed to produce never imitate the sound at the The which c (ghain) is much more in the the ' German gargling The loch, is a vowel-sound Special so that a it, easily acquired, as it is a ' r. in the r 'grasseyS' in French, position whilst pronouncing of ch in the German <». (g'tni) is, The *- (hd) is and r. sound language. in Egypt, of the Scotch In Egyptian it is pronounced as a hard Arab population keep the correct is sound It requires the muscles of the throat to be in harder by placing the muscles of the throat as in clearing The throat- European can attempt. p- (hlid) represents nearly the and throat. approached very nearly in many European tongues is Northumbrian English, in first and practice, ' as in it. but the soft y. quite as difficult as the 'atn to the sound of h in g, c/i, rendered master. hard,' emitted with great force, and It is, as the last difficulty to be overcome, because the importance a rule, of the distinction is not at first an extra syllable, and when ' This ako recogniz<jd. In words like suhk, the back of the throat. it made is morning/ ' at gives it occurs twice in a word (as sakih, true,') it presents a great difficulty. The J ('Z''/) is peculiar to Arabic, and a throat h which is seems to present some trouble even to Arabic-speaking peojjle, because it is generally rendered by the sound of a hard g, and in Cairo f»^ qoom Get up ! ') The The ing it ^ is (til) like does not an is called Daqlqali, 'a minute,' transcribed. is would sound lapse of this considerably to the difficulty of grasping adds Cairo in words] therefore special attention q (' 'oom in Cairo and goom in the provinces. like q Thus inaudible. is s call for when is words to and it is to is to Properly speak- most Arabs, even in a German or French- generally given the sound of Arabic, but in colloquial Egyptian it the which pronounced da-ee-a* much comment. lisped, Arabia, as difficult to pronounce as man, and consequently is in s in official has only the sound of f. — The subtler distinctions made between the ^^ja, u^, h and H two kinds of s, d, t and z are not very important to a beginner, but as the student advances he will have to make the distinctions, especially when he comes to writing. difTcrence consists in pronouncing the t and 2 far It ^j.*, may ^, be said that the Is and 4> as s, d, back in the throat, ending the sound by the tongue approaching the palate instead of the front teeth. To recapitulate, the alphabet is given as follows, in order, stating only the equivalent sounds with regard to the Egyptian language. Alif, I most frequently as a in father; sometimes more like the u in but. wJ Beij, like the O Tei/, * As Cairo English like the English is b. t. the capital and the centre of erlucatiou, the country pronounce tlic Qaf similarly. all officials Id 10 ^ Tltey, like the «^ Glm 9- Hd. ^ Klid. i Dal, like the English d. 3 Zdl, like the English z. ^ J j English (See p. 9.) t. (gcem), like the English hard g. Among the Arabs is called jeem, and pronounced soft, like g in germ. it (See p. 8.) (See like 7?e//, Zci/n, p. 8.) English r (or rather rr) like the English ^_f^ Shi (seen), like the English ^ Shin (sheen), like the English ,jo Sad, like the English ^ s. \ y Ji D/ia, or ^/ia, like the English "^ p -1 /-., . Ghdm. sh, s. Dhdd, like the Englisli d. ,^, nuT^ Tha, like .1 the English t. , { r . (See p. 8, r in terror. z. — and ,r, (^See p. ' I z. 9.) ' j 11 for transcription.) p. ) like the English /. y^J Fcij, ^ J J hard ^ in the provinces, in Cairo inaudible. (See p. 9.) English h. the like Kdf, Lam, like the English /. ^ Qdf, like a J\Ihn (meem), like the (J iV(7)i (noon), a 7^e(/, like the English like the English ?«. ?i. When it has two dots over it (t) English h. In Egyptian, words properly ending in * as if it were 5. becomes a t. are pronounced it 6 Wdu o Yei/, (woic), has the sound of w, or of oo as in soon, according to circumstances. like the English y, and terminally has also the sound of ee in English. to The beginner will do well not to spend too much time in attempting master the various forms of the letters (pp. G, 7) they will be learnt in a practical ; way by trying to read words, names of stations, streets, &c. In order to render the pronunciation as given in these pages and as clear as possible without attempting to distinguish the more delicate inflections of sound, which might serve as concise 11 — only to confuse tlie reader namely, the different kinds of -s d, t, Mui c,— the following transcription is given, and should be continually referred to by the learner until he is familiar with it. ?t in but. o long, for the ,, ,, a in father. zt short, short, ,, ,, e in met. u long, i short, ,, ,, i tit-bit. di (or ay), I long, ,, ,, ee in meet. cif^ short, ,, ,, an a short, a long, e '«, 'e, for the '•/, sound of iu work. in of o hwpole. ,, n ,, 00 in soon, ,, ,, i ,, ,, ai in tvain. ., ,, oiv in cow. ,, in put. in wine, 'aln, 'n, for the different vowel-inflections of the ^ '»/»/ and seventy (' saZ^'m to'), '), ('belonging as Ufa 'o, kh for the sound of ch not nearly so A sound ,, hard soft, for gli, for c (ghdin), as in comma is Meghagha but it is (station south of Caim). following a letter, as in rd,{s represents the hamza The difference voice. ich, as in subh ('morning'), sahlh ('true'). h /(., and German more raucous. in loch and inflection, which is (' head,' or a sort ' foreman'), of catch in the in the pronunciation is exemplified by the house and an ice house. nice a between difference In All other letters given will be pronounced as in English. a few cases the acute accent has been inserted for the accented syllable, ns Iraldhna, 'we wrote.' — Notes on the Tonic Accent. -The tonic accent or stress falls naturally on a syllable containing a vow^el marked with along or an acute accent; e.g., tdra, f/hordb, inardl;hi, It is also indicated occurrence of the hard eh'iia, taldmza, mosl;6wi, by the duplication of /*. ; letters allcih. and by the e.g., iiiakJmd'dah, arhag't/i, felnk'hah, istah'kam. The {'ain), f. quiring more except in the rare case of its being final, re- effort to pronounce, also indicates the accent ; e.g., bit'ai. many instances where the stress is not specially indicated, e.g., heijtah, quite naturally on the right syllable tarabei/zah, diinanmalt (hey'tah, tarabey'zah, dunan'mah). In other cases, where no vowel in a word is accented, the In it falls ; have equal stress laid on them e.g., i/Jiada, nafas, sanawat d (jamal. The final ah of nouns and adjectives, representing the must from its nature have less stress than the preaspirate « it has not been thought ceding syllable in two-syllable words necessary, therefore, to accent such words as labaaJi, uardah. syllables ; iahrah, maksab, , : • Annroachinsi the short ?t in valuo. 12 VOCABULARIES. ABBREVIATIONS. Ii.— Lower Egypt. U.— Upper Egypt. Plti. Plural. Imp. Imperative. N.B.—The denotes the preseuce of yey (see page 10) in the Arabic, as does also final i. Thus 'arableh (carriage) when plural becomes 'aralniiut as the yey in such words has more of the sound value of y. The feminine ah becomes at before a vowel, e.g., es sikkat el hadid (the railway). I 1. The World and English. its Arabic—Phonetic God Allah Creator world sky khali q sun moon Elements. Pronunciation. dunya sama, gau shems, sems (l.), shemsh air qamar nigmah haua earth ard water moyyah fire animal nar bahr hay wan, plu. haywanat cattle pill, nature tab'iah light niir dark weather atmah, zalara haua wind rih, plu. aryfih storm nau ghaim matar star sea cloud rain snow, ico hail tIniDder lightning bahayim telg bard, galld ra'ad barq (u.) 13 AnABic. English. — Phonetic heat shahurah hararah cold bard, barid North South East bahri, fog- rroiiuiici;i shemal qibli sharq gharb zoba'ah West whirlwiiiil North-wind earthquake tiyab zilzilah, phi. zalazil echpse of the sun echpse of the moon inkisaf | khusuf Land and Water. 2. Lahd ard island gezlrah, plu. gazayir mountain gebel, valley wadi 2^Ztt. gibfil river bahr, plu. bubiir lake birkah water rock moyyah wave mogah, sakhrah, plu. sukhui • 2jZ». dmwag barr, shati, sahil gineynah, plu. ganayii shore garden reservoir mound the first cataract the second cataract khazzan kom, plu. kiman shallalah el auwal shallalah et-tani tin clay clear water cold water moyyah rayqah moyyah baridah moyyah sukhnah hot water 3. Min erals and Metals. Gold dahab silver faddah copper nahhas alimar nahhas asfar brass iron hadid u Arabic— Phonetic English. Pronunciation. tanak bulad tin safleh, steel solb, lead coal (charcoal stone) rusas fahra hagar marble rokham stone hagar sand metal mineral rami, ramleh m'adan, jjIu. ma'adin fahm hatab m'adani amber kahraman granite gravel sa^van charcoal local hasil, mercury ) quicksilver j 5. Animal haswah zeybaq Animals, Birds a^d Fishes. horse Ijaywan, plu. haywanat hosan, plu. kheyl cow baqarah calf igl, plu. lion sab'a, pZ». sub'ua lioness labwah, ^du. labwat khanzlr, plu. khanazir pig sheep lamb goat dog cat agul ghanam kharuf, ^jZ?/. khirfan m'izah, jdn. ma'iz kelb, f»ZM. kelab hare qottah, plu. qotat arnab, plu. aranib AVOlf dib, plu. diyab fox ta'aleb mouse, rat far, plu. firan cock dik, plu. doyuk hen farkhah, ^jZu. fowl teyr, chicken goose wizzah, plu. wizz firakh tiyur katkut, 2>Zw. katakit 2jZ((. 15 Arabic— Phone tic English. duck l^ronunciation. bird batta, plu. batt asfur, }du. asafir dove yamnamah, eagle nisr, plu. crow turkey ghorab dik rumi pelican rakhamah ^)?». yamam nesur birdlime dibk owl pigeon burnah hawk partridge saqr hagal fish samak lobster cattle abu-galambo ma-washi, bahayim mule camel baghlah, plu. bigbfil gamal, plu. ginial hump hamamah, of the camel sanamat el plu. hamam gamal donkey dromedary honiar, plu. hemir haglu, plu. hegana elephant horse shoe hide (of a beast) fll, plu. afyal liidwa, plu. liadawi horn monkey gelud qurn, plu. qorun nisnas, plu. nasanis gild, plu. quail simmanah sandgrouse qatt'a gazelle ghazal 5. {bovine) Rep tiles and Insects. bee dddah, 2'^"- <iud namlah, plu. naml dibbanah, }dii, dibban nalilab, phi. nahl flea barghut, plu. baraghit spider crocodile 'ainkabiit wasp mosquito dabbur, plu. dobablr namiisah, plu. namus moth ittah White ant ant fly timsali, 2>lu. tamash 16 Arabic— Phonetic English baqqah, phi. baqq hasharah, waghish DUg insect dabib, ha-wam dofd'ah, plu. dafad'ih reptiles 6. Pronunciation. Fruit, Trees , Flowers, Herbs and Vegetables Fruits apple pear fawakih plum tree barkukah, plu. barkuk shagarah, pin. ashgar, or nut walnut gozah goz tiflah kommittrah grapes 'aneb lemon leymun [shagar oak ballut rose wardah flower grass zahrah, jdu. zuhur x hashish herbs barley sha'ir negll koronb gazar cabbage carrots cauliflower celery karnabit karafs cinnamon qirfah clove qor6nfil corn ghallah or qamlj garlic torn melon battikh yellow melon abdel-lawi, olives zeytun onions bassal 7. Body skin The Human shamam Body. gasad, gism gild, ;;Zit. gelud heart qalb, plu. quiub liead ras, plu. ru-us hair sh'arab, plu. sh'ar 17 English. Arabic— Phonetic face wish, wegli forehead eye nose gibhah Pronunciation. 'ayn, phi. 'ayun manakhlr nostrils monkh^r mouth hanak, tongue lissan ear widn, neck back 'onq or rakabah, pin. rikab fomm jjZ». audan dahr batn m'ida belly stomach eh in qasabat errigl, saq, p Ji/. slqan foot rigl, arm hand dira'a qadam yed soba'a, plu. sawabi'a finger finger-nail dofr, pill, adafir thumb bahim eye-lid gifn, plu. gifiin eye-brow hagib, phi. hawagib rimsh, phi. rimusli eye-lash tooth sinn, phi. assnan molar ders, phi. adras beard elbow blood lungs dakn blindness 'am a akhras ku'a, phi. akw'a dam fish shah dumb deaf atrash mayyifc dead alive 'ayish, hai naked aryan masarin bowels navel right-hand sorrah yemin shemal left-hand hand (palm of the) kalf breath nafas drum somakh of the ear Egyptian S.T. el widn Q 18 Ababio.— Phonetic Pronunciation. English. 8. Mankind; Relations. People nas man woman ragil, 2)Zm. rigal husband parents zog zogah, marah walad, plu. aulad bint, plu. benat walideyn father abu mother omm, son ibn, wife boy girl marah, 2'^"- plu. walad nisswan ommaliat flu. abna ; or beni, aulad daughter bint brother sister akhii, plu. akhwan okbt, plu. akhawat female nitayah male dakar, zakar ; plu. dokiir, zokur maid (virgin) widow widower bride bridegroom fatherless relation relative Christian grand -child grand -fat her grand -mother negro negress nephew niece bint bikr, plu. benat bukkar azbah, armalah azib arusah, plu. arayis arls, 2^lu. irsan yatim qarabah qarib maslhi, nusrani ibn el ibn, ibn el bint, hafid gidd giddah 'abd, plu. 'abid garyah, plu. guwar ibn el akb, ibn el okht bint el akh, bint el okbt 19 Arabic— Phonetic English. 9. Pronunciation. Dress. Coat sitrah cloak barnus qamis, pi. qumsan sadeyrah geyb, plu. go-yub shirt waistcoat pocket button stockings boots gazmah shoe markiib, zirr, plu. ezrar shorabat, gorabat kib, gazmah ; plu. gloves borneytah, plu. barauTt mandll, plu. manadll sa'ah kiss, jilu. akyass furshah, jylu. forash misht, plu. amshat guanti, kufuf soap sabiin ring khatim, plu. khawatim hat handkerchief watch purse brush comb shawl shal, plu. shilan a pair of trousers spectacles necktie bantal6n nadarah scissors maqas kirawatah slippers babiish cloth gukh collar cotton y-aqah, plu. y-aqat qotn lace tonteylali needle ibrah, plu. obar drawers libas pin thread umbrella mara- gizam dabbus kheyt shemsleh 0« 20 Arabic— Plionclic English. 10. Food and Drink. Meat lahm breakfast futur lunch ghada supper, dinner 'asha soup shorbah boiled meat fish beef mutton pork beans lahm masluq samak lahm baqari lahm dani lahm khanzTr fui boiled eggs fried eggs rromiuciatioa. (baked) egg omelet cheese beyd masluq beyd maqli beydah, ])lu. beyd iggat beyd gibnah bread 'eysli salt melh pepper filfil mustard khardal vinegar salad milk khall salata leben cream sugar qishtah sukkar tea shai cotfee qahwah moyyah water wine bottle nebid qizazah, pin. qazayiz glass kubbayah fresh bread 'eysh tazah sauce sausage food salsa sogokk driulc (to) akl shereb, vuperative ishrab vegetables khodar 21 Ababic— Phonetic JEngiisa. dates belah olives zeytuii cake fetir, celery karafs cauliflower parsley karnabit kahk cabbage baqdonos koronb ii'ice ruz ibran nokhalah :a Pronunciation. loqmah marakah nioutliful ibrotli scliicken <cream katkut, qishtah flour deqiq a glass of wine a glass of water kubbayah nebid kubbayah nioyyah limonada lemouade 11. Table cloth table napkin plate dish knife fork spoon cup jjZ». kataklt Eating and Cooking Utensils. ghata es soffrah futah es soffrah sahn, tabaq sahn sikkln, plu. sakakin shokah ma'alaqah fingan, plu. fanagin salt-cellar mallahah tea-pot ibrik shai frying-pan miqlayah kettle ghallayah, ghallayat, ibrik corkscrew barimah hoe fas (l.), turiyeh (u.) shovel stove tray kureyk oven forn kanun tisht filter misfayah hatchet baltah 22 English. 12. I Akadic— Phonetic Pronunciation. House and Furniture. The house room bed bedstead pillow blanket beyt odah, pht. owad farshah el seru' makhaddab, batanleh milayah, sheet pin. jjIu. makhaddat milayat bab, pin. abwab shibbak, plu. shebablk gar as heytah, plu. heytan sath ardieh kursi, phi. karasi door window bell wall roof floor chair dlwan sofa carpet looking-glass saggadah, pin. saggadat soffrah, tarabeyzah furshah mirayah, pin. niirayat mattress mertdbah table broom quilt fireplace, lihaf chimney jug or pot madkhanah kuz pail sutl towel futah or bashkir; pZ». fuwat, bashaklr basin tisht bath (warm) basket hammam candlestick candle lock shamadan mishannah, maqtaf, alaq key sham'a, plu. shumu'a quflah, keylun muftah, jilu. mafatlh furniture mobiliat stable isstabl matches kabrit hasirah, plu. hosr mat t 23 Arabic— Phonetic English. bottle qizazah, landlord tenant (or merchant) muaggir, rental lease, J^la. Pronunciation. qazayiz saljib el- bey tagir (or ugra let tub beyt wages) bricks house (a) to be water closet beyt 13. town Town and (large) medlnah, madfiyin 2'^"- street village 'adcb, Country. beled beled sikkah, plu. sikak country (native) el ['adebkhanah matbakh kitchen City, or igar 111 mustarah, square maiddn market siik, }dii. palace church tower sarayah or qasr; 2^Zu. sarayat qusur kenlsah, kanayis burg, 2'^!'. abrag post bosta post-office bosta, maliall el bosta aswak police-office zabtleh hospital isbitaliah exchange bridge borsa qantarah, custom-house gumruk prison habs dokkan, lokanda shop hotel castle, fortress corner foot pavement railway field ])lu. jjIu. qanatir dakakln qal'aah rukn, plu, arkan balat sikkat el hadid gheyt, plu. ghitan forest ghabah, plu. ghabat cross-road arb'a mafariq 24 AnABic—Phonetic English. farm Pronunciallon. fence wall gate 'abadieh sur bab, 2'^"- path tarlq grass hashish mound pyramid kom, pin. kiman haram, jdx. ahram desert gebel road tarlq, darb, where does lead to abwab this road es sikkah sikkah deh tawadlna feyn? ? ii. Professions and Trades. Profession kar, sena'ah ambassador elchi (Turkish) professor, teacher scholar (pupil) doctor mu'allim medicine chemist policeman dauvva police talmiz, plu. talauiza hakim, 'alem, pin. 'ulama (pin. hukama) doktor ; kimawi 'askari postman zabtieh wakil el bosta bostagy guard, station agent wakil, or ra^is mahattah or master store-keeper makhzangi postmaster bulls, merchant merchandise tagir, pin. togar clerk katib kutbi, plu. kutbiya bookseller buda'ah bookbinder mogallid kutub shoemaker gizamati, saramati khayyat, pin. khayyatin tailor blacksmith barber haddad mozayyin, hallaq watchmaker sa'ati jeweller gawahirgi hakim 'oyun oculist 25 Arabic— Phonetic English. laundress farmer porter (carrier) lawyer midwife Pronunciation ghassalah muzari'a shayyal, hannnal avokato dayah khaddam, plu. khaddamin servant grocer baqqal groom sayis, sailor bahri, j^^^'- siyas marakbi gentleman khawagali (Persian) lady guide sitt, interpreter motargim, terguman plu. sittat dalll dragoman coachman plu. motargimin arbiigi carpenter naggar, watchman ghafir, fish-monger sammak, cutler sakaklni 'abd slave naggarin ghufara jilu. jilu. plu. sammakin plaintiff mudd'ai defendant appellant auctioneer baker engineer engraver gardener mudda'a khabbaz, farran mohdndis, jdu. mohandisin naqqash ganayni gilder talla goldsmith missionary nurse surgeon sayigh mursal, plu. mursalln rahbah, j)lu. rahbat dadah, ^^Zx. dadat gavrah Beduin chief sheykh el-'orban dallal nun 15. Steamer 'aleyh mustanif Sh ips and Shipping. babiir, wabur ship boat, barge merkeb, mast sari, plu. ^jZw. marakib sandal, plu. sanadil sawari . 26 Arabic.— Phonetic Pronunciation EiiKlish. markab rudder daffat el sail qil'a, pin. oar muqdaf, pin. maqadif bandeyrah flag qulu'a mersah marakbi anchor sailor drowned boatman gharaq khartah marakbi fisherman silyyad, plu. afloat 'ayim map sayyadin swimnwng 'om cargo steersman wasqat, hamulah fleet (of ships) domangi ghomanah, habl dunanmah, plu. dunanmat compass ibrat engineer (of the steamer) yacht float of paddle-wheel dockj/ard Nile-barge Nile house-boat broker brokerage usta el cable wabur yaht muqdaf tara tarsanah (dahabieb qanga samsar, ])ln. pilot samsarah kalawuz small boat felukkah 16. Voyage samasrah Travelling. safar journey railway-station mahattah steamboat wabiir kabtan, ra^is marakbi, bahri captain sailor custom-house key gumruk arrival wusul muftah, plu. mafatlt 27 Arabic— Phonetic EnKlish. Pronunciation. train sikkat el hadld qattr luggage 'afsh bag kis, i^lu. akyas terguman, motargim, pin. motargimln tazkarah raih wa gai hesab pin. wosulat^ wasl, sanad sanadat diwau railway interpreter return ticket bill receipt ; office guard's vaa pillow dispensa arbaggi rnakhaddah, pla. makhuddat whip tilah, caravan kaflah barda'ah, plu. barad'ih coachman saddle (for a donkey) saddle (for a horse) strap passenger-train goods-train kurbag sarg, plu. suriig traveller seyr qatr rukkab qatr el buda'ab musafir, pin. musafrin travel (to) carriage 'arableh, plu. 'arablyat medicine dauwa, money Pound fulus safar jtlu. adwiya Pound (Egyptian) Pound (Turkish) giney [guinea) iuglizi bintu giney masri giney magldi When el (£1.) Napoleon (20fr. piece) does the train qatr yisafir imta leave ? 17. Paper Writing. pen waraq waraq nashshaf farkh waraq faridat waraq qalam, plu. aqlam ink hibr blotting paper sheet (of paper) quire (ditto) ? ^28 AuABic— I'bonetic Knslish. Prouunciatioii> dawayah matwah, plu. matawi qalam rusas sham'a ahmar gawab or maktiib ^'Z». gawa- inkstand penknife pencil sealing-wax (red) letter ; makatib bat, date signature tarikh imda waraq danighah post-stamp manuscript nuskhah, kitab khatt write (to) (copy) writing (s) written book index katab, imp. iktib kitabah maktiib kitab, plu. (of a book) khatam, imp. ikhtim imdi el gawab seal (to) sign the letter post bosta post-ofiice bosta, postmaster wakil he registered kutub fahrasah diwan el el bosta el gawab bosta the letter (at the post- huwa saggar office) envelope zarf dictionary qamiis when does leave 18. the post imta tisafir el bosta ? ? Shooting Imfdements and Fishing Tackle. Knife pocket-knife sikkin, plu. sakakin nail (to) matwah, jdu. matawi qadum, shakush mabrad, jjZw. mabarid mismar, jdu. masamir sammar, imp. sammar axe fas saw minshar, grindstone misann bunduqieh hammer file nail gun gunpowder barud 2^^"' manashir 29 English. Ababic. shot (a shot fired) net — Phonetic Pronunciation. darbali sbabakah, shabakat sinnarah fish-hook basket jila. shibak, or mishannah box sanduk, jilu. sanadik darb al barud seyd shooting sport at one shot tobacco-pipe bi-darbah, or bi-nishan wahid qafl, plu. aqfal shibuk, pht. shubukat pistol tabangah, padlock 19. />Z». tabangat Time and Seasons. Year scnah, jdu. senin month shahr, week two weeks day hour ]ilu. ushhur gum'aah, plu. gum'ailt gum'ateyn yom, ijIu. eyyam sa'ah, i)la. sa'at half-an-hour nuss sa'ah minute deqiqah, idu. daqayiq fasl or a wan, ylu. fosiil season Spring rabl'a Summer Autumn seyf kharif Winter shita shuliur es senah shuhiir 'arabiya shuhiir qibtlya the months of the year Lunar months Coptic months time to-morrow morning how many weeks ^ day-time mid-day every day after to-morrow waqt bukra fi subh kam guma'ah nahar ed duhr kuU yom to-day b'ad bukra en-nab ar-dch to-morrow bukra ? 80 Arabic— Phonetic English, January* February febrair March marss yenair April abrll May mayeh June yunia July yulia August September sebtember aghostos October oktober November December Sunday Monday nofember dezember yom el had Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday, or Sabbath birthday holiday Christmas Easter dawn morning early [ing in Pronunciation the morn- evening this evening in the evening yom yom yom yom yom yom el etnin et telat el arb'a lihamis el gum'a el es sabt maulid batalah, 'eyd, fantasleh 'eyd el mllad 'eyd el qiyamah fagr subh or sabah badri fi subh maghrib el leylah deh or eleylahdeh forenoon maghrib duhr qabl ed duhr aftei'noou el 'asr, night leyl, jAu. layal fil noon b'ad ed duhr midnight uuss el-leyl yesterday yesterday morning yesterday evening the day before yester- embareht embareh fi subh embareh el maghrib tluwel embfireh day j Tlie Eg}-ptiaus formerly of the solar months. The employed the Coptic (ancient Egyptian) names European names, as Riven above, are in Reneral use now, concurrently with the Coptic, which are retained for agricultural purposes. ^The h ia ft ha, bat pronounced Jilip h»y 31 Arabic—Phonetic English. last yomi year year before last twenty years old (son of twenty years) day time full Pronunciation auwel auwel embareh three days ago daily moon es-senah illi fatet qabl senateyn ibn 'ashrin senah naliar badr senah kabis Leap-year 20. Countries and Nations. Country nation native country state Europe European England beled, phi. bilad ommah watan mamlakah, aurobba ingilizi American amerikani hegaz 'arabi 'arab Beduin bedawi, 'orban Syria esh-sham F ranee fransa fransawi French Russia Russian China Greek Greek Greece Turkey Turkirih [Khedive His Highness the His Highness (OulEgypt_ [Lord) Egyptian mamalik aurobbi, ferangi bilad el-ingillz English Arabia Arabian Arabs (nomads) ]jIu. j^lu. bedwan, moskof mosk6wi bilad el bilad es sin rumi yunani bilad er rum, bilad et turk turki el khed^ywi effendlna berr masr masri yimdn 'arab, 32 AnkBic. English. Lower Egypt Upper Egypt beheyrah agam bilad el of Cairo agami masr mahrtisah masr 'atiqah atman masr Constantinople Alexandria Suez Canal el Suez es sues Ismailieh Arishe Kosseir el Damietta dumyat Rosetta rashid Suakin sawakin en nil egnebi, gharib The istambiil iskendirieh kanal isma 'illeh el 'arlsh el Nile (River) Foreigner quseyr khawagah 21. Numbers one two three four Pronunciation. es-sa'id Persia Persian Cairo Old Cairo The districts —Phonetic Numbers. a 'dad wahed etnin talatah arba'ah five khamsah six sittah seven sab'ah eight temaniah nine tis'ah ten eleven 'ashrah liadasher twelve etnasher thirteen fourteen arb'atfisher talattasher iifteen kharaastashcr sixteen sittashcr seventeen sab'atasher ; plu ghuraba, 33 English. Ababic. —Phonetic Pronunciation. temantasher eighteen nineteen tis'atasher 'ashrln twenty twenty-one twenty-two itnln thirty telatln forty arba'In fifty khamsin wahed wa wa 'ashrln 'ashrin sixty sittin seventy eighty ninety sab'in a hundred miyah (sometimes before a voicel. [mit) miyah wa wahed miyah wa 'ashrah temanln tis'In 101 110 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 937 a thousand 1,015 2,000 10,000 30,000 100,000 a miUion miteyn tultemlyah rub'amiyah khumsemlyah sittemlyah sub'amiyah tumnemlyab tis'amiyah tis'amiyah sab'a elf tehitin wa khamastasher elfeyn 'ashrat elaf telatin elf mit elf milyun 22. Collec tive Numbers, Pair dozen, packet once twice goz, plu. single fard, dastah etc. agwaz - marrah wahidah, nobah marrateyn [waJ^idah double wahed migwiz first auwal tani second Egyptian wa elf S.-T. D 34 ARABIC— Phonetic English. marrat thrice telat four times arba' marrat five khams (khamas) marrat times nuss, nusf a half a third a fourth three-fourths a fifth tult rub'a wa khums tumn nuss an eighth 23. White rub'a Colours. m. abiad, w. iswad, m. asmar, black brown blue sky colour red VI. azraq, /. beyda /. soda samara /. /. zerqa samawi m. ahmar, /. hamara m. akhdar, /. khadara khadrawi, yiddi al khadar m. asfar, /. safara azraq {also blue) green greenish yellow grey yellowish to make yellow missfirr saffar m. banafsig m. nilah violet indigo 25. Adverbs, &c. after foq ba'd afterwards, then badeyn Above, upstairs Pronunciation. always dai^man, tamalli at first auwalan shan, li-an because 'ala before qodam behind by force wara down taht bi-rahah, bi-sohulah kifayah, bass, bi-ziadah bilkulllyah bi-zur easily enough entirely falsely bil ghassb, bil gabr 35 English. Arabic. far olf —Phonetic Pronunciation. ba'id gratis, for nothing ballash auwel hena lirst iiere liome, liouse in, there is inside instead of justly beyt last fi guwa badal, gheyr bil haqq late akhir akhiran wakhri, mot^akhar long tawll near, close, side ganb abadan lastly, at last never no la not yet, lissa still not-at-all now often, many only, enough out outside particularly times ketir bass barra 1 khosusan yumkin perhaps quickly, mottldqan delwaqt miraran, murrat soon, im- halan mediately quickly bil 'agal, seldom fil slowly so keda qawam nadir bi-shweysh, 'ala mahl, sometimes ba'd al aliyan soon bad shwai still bavdu, lissa {not yet) there henak this deh, da, di to-day en-nahar-deh bukra to-morrow to whom ? li-min too, also, again kaman under tal?t shu- [wayyah ? 86 Ababic—Phonetic English. ahlan wa sahlan or marhabba lamraa imta ? welcome when when? whence where ? where from where to ? mineyn feyn? min eyn ? 'ala whom whose Pronunciation. illi ? min feyn ? feyn ? lifeyn ? {=ir]tom or which) min bit'a ? why? leyh yes yesterday yet embareh ? shan eyh aywa, na'am 'ala ? ? lissa 25. Adjectives. Angry za'alan awkward, stupid bad ghashim beautiful, elegant gamil, better ahsau bitter murr blind a'ama battal latif broad arid civil m'aruf or sahib adab clean clever cold cool nadlf shatir bard barid atmah dark dear aziz, dear (expensive) ghali deceitful ghashash deep ghawit, wati delightful yifrih, difficult sa'ab dirty wisekh dry eldest (oldest) nashif bakri empty farigh, kh&li false keddab habib mufrih (kidb, a lie) 87 Arabic.—Phonetic Ptonimciatlon. English. samin wehesh gamll fat filthy fine flat mastu, mebattat full malyan glad good farhan tayyib great azim happy hard (not sa'ld soft), dry nashif hard (severe or cruel) qasi sallm, sagh sallm, bis-saha healthy heavy high ill (sick) teqll 'all ayyan [less) impertinent (shame- qalll el large lazy keblr, 'azIm keslan nahif lean least . less light (bright) light (not heavy) little (small) long loud (high) aqall aqall niir khaftf soghayyax tawll 'ali low mad, foolish narrow near wati new gedid kwayls, nice old man old (ancient) opened poHte poor proud rich ripe ha-ya magnun dayyiq qarib latlf aguz qadim, antiqa maftuii zarif, latlf meskin, faqlr foqara motakabbir ghani misttiwi ; plu. masakin, 88 Arabic—Phonetic English. Pronunciation. right (true) sahlh round medauwar satisfied mabsiit, sheb'an [satiated) muzallil or daffeh [edge) shady sharp (having a keen sharp words sharp (severe) had kalam qasi qasi qussayyar short soft (moist) sour (acid) square still, quiet strong stupid (ass) moruba'a sweet helu thick thin rofayy'a, raqlq tari hamed sakit gam id balid (homar), balawi tekliln tipsy sakran tired ta'aban yabis haqlq, sahlh, sadlq tough (dry) true unintelligible mush mafhum unlucky ma useful nafi'a lush bakht warm hami weak dalf well tayyib wet wicked wide tari, wild wise (clever) wehesh, worse worse and worse al'an al'an wa al'an ghalat, ghaltan soghayyar assghar younger (smaller) 26. after it birri 'aqil (shatir) wrong (mistaken) young Afterwards mablul sharlr wasi'a, or was'a Conjunctions ba'deyn b'adu — Iu 89 Arabic— Phonetic English. and wa because but even li-an, Pronunciation. 'alashan lakin, walakin hatta for 'ala neither la shan nor wa-la or that wa-illa, walla in Prepositions. 27. foq b'ad Above after hauwaleyn round by b, wa be, from shan min, 'an in b, be, li of 'an 'ala for on (upon) 'ala near ganb le to 1, under with taht b, bi 28. Pronouns. Singular. I 1 he, ana inta {mas.), inti [fem.) thou huwa it hiyah she Plural. We ehna you, ye intuui hum, huma they Siugnlar. My— thy— his her — (Suffixes.) — — ak — —ha {mas.), ik {fcm.) — 40 Ababic—Phonetic English. Plural. (Suffixes.) tlieir —na —kum —hum Myself nafs-i, or zat-i thyself nafs-ak, zat-ak nafs-u, zat-u nafsi-ha, zatiha nafsi-na, zatina nafs-ak, zat-ak Our — your— himself herself ourselves yourself yourselves nafsi-kum, zat-kum nafsi-hum, zat-hum themselves Sing Mine, oi- Prontmclatlon. my own liar. bit'a-i own his, or his own hers, or her own thine, or thy bit'a-ak (m.), bita-ik (/.) bit'a-u bit'a-ha Flu ral. Ours, or our own yours, or your own theirs, or their own bit'a-na bit'a-kum bit'a-hum Rela live. Who, whom, that, illi. which, what Note. — Illi is the only R('lative Pronoun used in conversatio Arabic. 29. Who? to whom ? which ? what ? whose ? why how ? (are yon) ? from me from him from you Inl:errogatives. min? le-mln ? 'anhu ? eyh? bit'a-mm leyh? ? izzay (ak)? min-ni min-nu min-nak — 41 Ababic— Phonetic English. 30. Yerbs. tarak To abandon* ,, accept ,, admire ,, agree to allow ,, alter ,, ,, answer appear ,, arrive ,, ask ,, assist ,, avoid ,, awake ,, Pronunciation. qebel, imp. iqbal ta'aggab ittafaq 'ala azan, samah ghayyar, i7np. ghayyar gawab zahar wasal imp. is^al sa'ad igtanab, imp. igtanib sehi, imp. is-ha darab, imp. idrab sa^al, beat „ begin ,, ibtada, imp. ibtidi ,, believe sadaq ,, bind ,, bite rabat, imp. orbot 'add, imp. 'odd (to tie) ,, break bring „ burn ,, kassar gab, imp. gib haraq, imp. ihraq dafan, iinp. idfin ishtara, imp. ishtiri nada, imp. inda „ bury „ buy ,, call ,, catch ,, cliange ,, change money mesek, i?np. imsik ghayyar ,, come saraf, imp. isrif ikhtalas naddaf imp. naddaf geh, ga ; imp. ta'ala ,, consult shawar, „ cheat, defraud clean ,, — , ivip. shawir Literally " He abandoned," third person singular, past All the verbs in this list are expressed tense, indicative mood. in same manner, that being regarded in Arabic as the root of the verb. But the imperatives are mostly added here, as being the most requisite form. The i^st particiiile is formed by prefixing »N0TE. ma — , matruk, abandoned. 42 English. to ,, ,, convey cook count ,, cut deceive ,, deliver ,, „ deny ,, dream „ dress drink ,, „ drive out Ababic. —Phonetic Pronunciation. naqal tabakh, imp. itbokh 'add, hasab qat'a, imp. iqt'a ghashsh sal lam ankar, gahad helem lebes, imp. ilbis ,, eat shereb, imp. ishrab tarad akal, imp. kol ,, examine fahas excavate excuse explain fahat, imp. ifhat ,, feed ,, fetch wakkal, imp. wakkil gab, imp. gib ,, ,, ,, , find samah waddah, imp. waddah iltaqa, wagad „ forget „ get up „ give nessi „ go ,, go on foot ,, go on horseback „ go out govern ,, rah, imp. ruh grease „ hang (suspend) dahan ,, ,, I happen have he has she has we have you have they have to hear „ help „ hide qam, imp. qum 'ata, idda ; imp. iddi rah mashi rah rakib kharag hakam allaq, imp. allaq hasal, ittafaq ana 'andi huwa 'andu hiyah 'andiha elina 'andena intum 'andikum humma ,, hire 'andihura sama'a, imp. istna'a sa'ad, imp. sa'id khabba, imp. khabbi aggar ,, hurry ist 'agel a 43 English. Pronunciation. Arabic—Phonetic to jump natt, imp. nott „ kill katal, imp. iktil ,, kiss bas, imp. buss ,, knock khabat, imp. ikbbat ,, know a'araf ,, laugh dchek, imp. idhak natt, imp. nott ta'allam, imp. ita'allim ,, ,, leap learn ,, lend let alone ,, lie ,, down sallaf khalla, imp. khalli imp. orqod, raqad, itsattah ; itsattah ; {deep) look ,, make 'anial, imp. 'amil ,, meet sadaf ,, mend sallali, ,, mention zakar, imp. ozkur tawa'a, imp. taw'i 'iatarad ,, ,, ,, ,, obey object oblige (favour) obtain otlend (anger) nam, num shaf, imp. sliuf ,, imp. sallah amal ma'aruf ta-hassal 'ala ,, offer aghdab qaddam, imp. qaddim ,, open fatah, imp. iftah ,, oppose qawam ,, order amar ,, „ pay ,, proceed ,, ,, [word) promise (gave pi*Dnounce „ pull put ,, read ,, ,, receive ,, remember ,, remind ,, repair repeat [go back) return (come or return (give back) ,, ride ,, ,, ,, dafa, imp. idf taqaddam wa'ad (idda qol) lafaz, imp. olfoz shadd, garr imp. shidd, gurr hatt, imp. hott qara, imp. iqra istalam, imp. istilim tazakkar, imp. itzakkar zakkar, fakkar ; sallah, 'ammar kerrar rag'a, imp. irg'a ragg'a, imp.^ ragg'a rekeb, imp. irkab 44 English. to rise ,, rub run run away Ababic. —Phonetic qam, imp. Pronunciation. qum da'ak, imjj. ida'ak ,. set geri, imp. igri harab, imp. ihrab qal, imp. qui shaf, imp. shuf mesek, imp. imsek ba'a imp. inintakhab, akbtar takhib, ikhtar ba,at, imp. ib,at ragg'a, imp. ragg'a imp. liott, uda halt, wada ,, shoot asstad, „ show darab bundoqieh, darab rusasah (bullet) warra ,, smell shamm, ,, smoke (tobacco) sharab dokhan, imp. ishrab ,, ,, „ say „ see ,, seize ,, sell ,, select ,, ,, send send back ; ; imp. shimm dokhan „ speak „ spoil „ stand „ starve » stay ,, steal „ study ,, suffer „ suggest takallam, imp. itkallim khassar, talaf, atlaf weqef, imp. uqaf mat min el gu'a, mat bil fedel, isstanna saraq, imp. issraq ta'allam tahammal ashar bala, imp. ibla ,, swallow swear ,, swim 'am, imp. 'um akhad, imp. khud zaq, imp. zuq 'allam, imp. 'allim sharmat, imp. sharmai qal, imp. qui shakar, imp. oshkor zann, iftakar raraa, imp. ermi targam, imp. targim ,, ,, take ,, taste ,, teach ,, tear „ tell ,, thank ,, think ,, throw away ,, translate helef, imp. il;lif gu'a 45 Ababio. English. —Phonetic Pronunciation. safar to travel imp. doss „ tread dilss, ,, turn (round) dauwar, imp. dauwar ,, understand fehem upset use ,, „ wait qalab, imp. iqlib ist'amal, imp. ist'amil istanna, imp. istanna mcshi, imp. imshi ah tag ,, „ „ „ walk want warm sakhkhan, daffa; imp. sakhkhan, daffi ,, warn wash ,, watch nassah, imp. insah ghasal, imp. ighsil ghaffar, harass ; imp, oghfor, ohross „ „ „ „ „ „ water (horses) wet whip whisper win wipe ,, saqa imp. bill darab, imp. iddrab washw^ash, imp. washwish ball, ghalab nasshef, masah; imp. nasshif, imsah „ wish arad ,, work ishtaghal, imp. ishtaghal „ wound garah ,, worship 'abad, imp. 'ibid „ wrap „ write ,, laff, yield one's-self 31. up imp. liff katab, imp. iktib salara The Government Ministries and Administrations. Department of the Household \ off ed da.irah H.H.the Khedive) Finance el Foreign Office el Interior Justice Pubhc Works el khassa malleh khargieh ed dakhlieh el haqqanleh el ashgal el 'umumleh 46 Arabic— Phonetic English. War el Office De- Health partment Tublic mieh Department Prison Department Department of the] maslahat el bolls maslahat es sugun Police Suppression Slavery tigaret raqlq or qalam el er raqlq ) General - maslahat man'a of> Office of the Inspec- tor Pronunciation. ma'arif el \unumleli el harbieh, diwan el gehadieh maslahat es siha el 'umu- Public Instruction of Irrigation \ 'umiim er taftlsh > ra^i ) Railway Administra- maslahat es sikkat el hadid tion Nile Steamers Service Public Debt Office Customs Department Coast Guard Service Post Administration idarat barid Postal Service Native Courts Court of In- stance 32. drummer farrier trumpeter lance-corporal corporal sergeant sergeant-major quarter-master geant adjutant-major chief clerk el bosta mahakim el ahlieh mahkamat el ibtidaleh (mahkamat auwel daragah) mahkamat el ist'Inaf ser- el maslahat es siha el bahrleh wal karantlnat el komisyon el baladi Municipal Council ; 'umum el First Court of Appeal Quarantine Board Private bugler maslahat waburat en nil sandiiq ed deyn el 'umiimi idarat 'umum el gamarik maslahat ghafar es sawahil ' Military Titles. nafar burugi tabbal, trombetgi beytar trombetgi, burugi wakil onbashi onbashi ; shaweysh bash shaweysh buluk amln saghkolaghasi bash katib Mostly Turkish. 47 Ababio.— Phonetic Pronunciation. English. warrant ofBcer sol sub-lieutenant lieutenant captain mulazim tani mulazim auwel yuzbashi binbashi major qaimaqam lieutenant-colonel colonel brigadier-general lieutenant-general field-marshal doctor 1 miralai lewa farik mushlr hakim, hukama ;jiu. surgeon j paymaster (treasurer] khiznidar, sarraf adjutant mo'awin, commanding officer commandant } jj^u. mo'awnin hukumdar, komandan i chief-of-the-staff ra^is field-officer arkan el harb staff-officer zabit 'azlm zabit karim zabit arkan el harb brigade-major arkan harb commander-in -chief sirdar His Excellency (ad- dauUtlu general officer dress of a el lewa field- marshal) Your Excellency 33. "^Naval sa 'adetkum and Military Terms. Together with useful Words for all Banks. Absence (leave accoutrements of) agazah meheymat acquittal tabriah admiral advance advance (to) advanced guard party amir el bahr ilarey taqaddam bashdar gema'ah muteqaddamah alarm post nuqtah muteqaddamah nuqtat el kabsah alert hazir ol ,, * post Including some Turkish words of command, &c. ! ! 48 Aeabic— Phonetic English. Pronunciation. ambulance ammunition ammunition poucli ammunition wagon anchor shefakhanah gabakhanah, zakhlrah anchorage marsa armistice matarakah, hudnah armourer arms tufekgi [pronounce tufenkshi) army geysh, 'askar . kaffah 'arablet el gabakhanah mirsah aslilia army-corps firkah army order 'amr 'askari arrow nibl, arsenal tubkhanah artillery as you were sahm tubgleh yarina I hugum, mukagamah attack huguma ,, , form ,, , false huglim kazib ,, , ,, , hugum hugum ,, , flank front 1st line of ,, , 2nd for line of (teshkil ol) gamb muwagahah auwel khatt el hugum tani khatt el hugum 'ala el 'ala el attention axle zinhar qotb backsight badges nishangah baud muslkah barrack base qishlaq asas battalion battery (field) 1 'alamat er rutab orta, pin. orat batarieh (maidan) battle waq'ah bayonet singa {Turldsh sungi) siingey dik bayonets, fix unfix ,, belt Sim gey inder qayish, hizam binoculars bit (for horse) bivouac (to) blacking nadarah fekk, ligam bayit bidun khiyam boyah bomb bombah ! ! 49 Ababio.—Phonetic Pronunciation. English. bombard darab (to) bil bomb booty boot breadth breastband ghanimah gezmah bribe bartll, rashwah bridle ligam, j^iu. brigade lewa broad bugle arid burl 'ard sinaband sound „ nobah bullet by the right, left, cen[tre camel camel's riding-saddle camel for riding camp camp kettle cannon, gun capture (to) carriage wheel blank „ cavalry cavalry walk , ,, cease sir el I 1 certificate of certificate ashkin gar sawari karshu dauwaran nobet ateshi kas shehadah, plu. shehadat, or [tazkarah raftieh sir el prepare for , /". ; suwari, khiyalah trot fire rusasah saghda, soldd, wasatda gamal, plu. gimal naqa makhlufah, gabifc begin mu'askar^ urdi qazan madf'a asar 'agalah kartush, fishenk fishenk (farigh) cartridge ,, algima dis- charge chain I silsilah, plu. salasil, zingir change of front charge, prepare to taghyir el ittigah, tabdll baiya taghyir el wad'a, tabdil yeri hugiima hazir ol charge hugiim ,, ,j position I cholera kolera close yaklasheyn bashlana atesh buluk yarim buluk buluk muzdawicr commence company ,, Egyptian firing , half , double S.-T. ss 1 50 Arabic. Enclish. —Phonetic 'abayah, kabud beyraq cloak colours of a regiment column orda, kol 'amud, plu. 'imdan kol mutaqarib of building ,, column, close double ,, shift kol , „ half , yarim kol — — ,, , line of tabur kolali ,, , mass magmu'a of kolat of divisions sinfja kol ,, of route ,, of sub-divi- kol es seyr tobja kol ,, ,, Pronuuciation. visions quarter , dar-kol combatant non„ muharib gheyr muharib hukumdarleh , command words of ,, commissariat compasses cook nida , kism tabbakh court-martial ,, ,, , ,, ,, , ,, ,, ,, ,, et t'ayinat bargal, ibrat meglis 'askari district „ markdzi ,, j general proceed- , ings , ,, court of inquiry confined to barracks conduct connecting file crew crupper cut (wound) dagger decision waqti „ „ meglis et tahqiq mahguz bil qishlaq soluk, maslii countersign courage defaulter meglis 'askari alayi I summary' , £13/11 M igra^at el meglis el 'askari M of| regimental ,, i khabardar parolah garaah nautleh kafal goruh khangar, j)lu. khanagir qarar muznib mahfjuz garli, 2^lu. ! 51 Ababio. English. defaulter's — Phonetic daftar ez zunub ta'alim el muznibin book defaulter's drill defile mudaf'a darband deployment fath defence depot asas deserter harib, harban detached qatar munfasil sariyah file detachment diarrhoea diary, journal is-hal, lln daftar yomleh zabt wa rabt discipline nuzul min disembarkation dismiss Pronunciation. from (to, el markab raft service) j (off parade) dismount 'amal dastur yerra in division firqah ,, 1 dockyard move double march don't I dress ta'alim drill ,, aiming , order ,, ,, position , preliminary setting-up driver [mals ,, , ,, , driver of pack ani- drum (big) ; — drunk duty (on) dysentery march ease, , sibiyeh ,, haiat et ta'alim ta'alim el qiyam ta'alim ibtida-i ta'alim talyin el 'ada 'arb^gi • tarras trombeytah tablah ; sakran wagibat duties ,, tersanah ma taharraksh ziada sora'atteh marsh hizaya I ! nobetji {pronounce nobatshi) at stand at dusuntarleh yolga yarinda safa eclielon tadrig embarkation nuzul fil bahr mu'askar encampment enemy dushman, 'adu 52 English. Ababio.—Phonetic Pronunciation. engagement qital engineer enlistment muhandis entrenchment equipment dirwah escort haras examination exercise, bayonet imtihan ,, , ,, , iktitab firing sungi ta'allm atesh ta'allm manual silah isti'amali review maharan sungi ta'alim ,, , ,, , rifle ,, , shelter- trench expedition (military) khandaq safarieh I 1 farrier fatigue party „ ta'allm el bunduqieh ta'allm *amal ed dir^Yah wal nobet achileyn sagha bak {Turkish, look to extend fall in meheymat field-day -exercises ,, beytar tulbah tulbah [your right yom maidan ta'alimat 'askarieh field-gun naddarah maidan madf a urdi, maidan field-hospital taljanaqqali,isbitalia field officer zabit 'azim file qatar qatar farigh -glass ,, ,, , ,, , ,, , blank connecting even ,, , leading ,, , odd „ , in single maidan khabardar qatar shift qatar am ami qatar fardi farddn fardto, bir-eyr bir-eyr fire nar firel atesh sanjak, beyraq, 'alam 1 flag flank flaak, directing !) gamb, ganib gamb samt et tawaggah ,, , inner el „ . left el ., , outer el ed dakhil gauib esh shemal gamb el kharig gamb ! ! ! 58 Aeabio. English. flank, reverse ,, , right el el —Phonetic Prontmciatioli. gamb gamb el el flanker ganbdar fleet dunanmah foot-soldier 'askari forage foresight (gun) 'allq (rifle) „ formation dibbanah . mun 'akis mun 'akis zlh fort, fortress tashkil tabiya, qal'ah, husii fortify (to) istahkam fortress wall siir el forward form fours li 1 from the right, left, centre front front form qal'ah qodam ! durdeyr saghdan, soldan, wasatdan qodam I tabra front rank es saff el funeral ginnazah furlough rukhset ghiyab, agazah tuzluq gaiters auwel gallop garrison general (.?.) ramah, durtna'l hamiyeh girdle hizam girth glove hizam, sherlhah aldiwan government hukumah governor grave (s.) hakim, mihafi basha kabr, torbah great- coat kabbud groom (brush a horse) ,, (advanced) timar gem'atcha haras ghafar bashdar „ (rear) dimdar groups, form guard, escort ,, (of soldiers) guard turn in turn out gun (musket) „ (ol) karakol dastiir karakol sitah bunduqieh 54 English. gun-carnage gunner gun -powder half- column company ,, Arabic—Phonetic gundaq, 'arablyet sinf yarim sinf halter rashm hay (chopped straw) head -quarters helmet diris (tibn) brown) (a ,, dark grey) horse-brush (a ,, cloth horse's hoof ,, el markaz, forshah timar futah timar hafir ma'arafa ,, shoe ,, tail na'al deyl hospital isbitalia hut imprisonment habs zimlik ma,ilan nobet atesh biyadah biyadah rakibah tabur teftlsh 1 ! independent firing infantry , komandanleh hosan asmar hosan singabi mane ,, el tasah hosan, pZu. kheyl ,, incline madf'a barud yarim kol oqaf! durl gayyel (Ar.) bayyet (Ar.) horse el tubgi section (cavalry) halt! halt at noon (to) halt for the night (to) ,, Pronunciation, mounted inspection parade instructor insubordination Intelligence Depart- ta'allmgi 'adam qalam el inqiyad el mukhabarat ment interval fasil intoxicated intrench (to) in which direction ? in what strength ? ironclad sakran istahkam ila eyn ? merkab hadid judge qadi bi kam min 'asakir ? ! ! ! 56 Arabic— Phonetic English. killed makttil knapsack garabandleh Pronunciation. ladder sillim lance, spear mizraq, harbah lantern fanus, pin. faw;1nis lanyard lashing habl latrine adabkhanah kabsul el filasah down your arms leave of absence irmi silahak agazah, izn left sola lay lie nam down lino yat {Tiir.) hiza alaya kola khatt el muwasilah {Ar.), tabtir, ,, of ,, ,, columns com mun i cations rami „ ,, fire ittigah er ,, ,, operations ,, ,, retreat ,, ,, sight khatt el harak khatt er rugu'a khatt en nazer asas main-body mancEuvre ' mun aura map khartah march marksman marquee tent marsh military police bolls 'askari I ,, markuwis service 'askarleh mine lughum mortar [rear move a little move forward to the musketry ,, muster mutiny muzzle instruction hawun ta^akhar shuwayah li wara imshi yallah darb en nar ta'allm darb en nar 1 ! ta'adad 'asayan (of a gun) nose-bag occupy (to) officer officer's ! nashcingi fumm mikhlat 'allq, zabit, plu. undress mikhlah ihtall libs yomi zubat - ! 56 Arabic— Phonetic English. ram ad ophthalmia order (command) order arms orderly (on duty) outpost outworks pace [tion packet of ammuniparade to parapet ; — , pass 'amr, jila. ; tof pay, salary peace picket mahiyah sulh karakol tabangah, ferd pistol masqat ma' bar nuqtah plan pontoon mount to dismount „ present arms (in firing) ,, prison prisoner (in sign, liabs malibus punishment quarters quick march double ,, „ quickly! (with wheels) ) quinine range (in army) men) rank and file rank front, rear — rations ready bil'agal masafah, (line of ,, asir tarqieh giza qishlaq sora'atleh marsh ziada sora'atleh marsh kinin finder rank nishan guard promotion „ bin meya hazir ol yerra in hazir ol sahim dor [room) war of ,, 'awamir rah at dor nobetji {pronounce nobatshi) karakol-kharigi istahkamat amamleh khatAvah, jdu. khatawi dasta, pin. asdas tabur istaff tabtir khatt en-nar tazkarat moriir patrol post prepare to Prouuuciation. si'at er rami tillmetr rutbah saff an far es saff es saff el auwel, tani girayah, t'ayin, t'aylnat doldor ! ! 57 Endish. ready (in firing) rear Aeabic. — Phonetic Pronunciation. hader (Ar.) giria rear form ! reconnaissance tabra „ istikshaf mustegidd recruit 'askari redoubt regiment hisn, tabiyah regulations qawanin alai reinforcement taqwia (Ar.) reins surii'a, i)Ih. asr'a relief (change) ghiyar report reserves taqrir retire (to) ta^akhar retire ihliyatia giria 1 retreat (to) rifle rifleman rifling rise sheshkhiineli sheshkha)iali qum ! rush ! takahkar bunduqieh (Ar.) ; kalk {Tar.) igri (Ar.) I sack saddle (camel) (for a horse) „ saddler kis ghabit, makhlufah, iddali snvug serg, plu. seriigi salute salam sapper scouts baltaggi section sinf, plu. semaphore samafor sentry dideban, ghafir, plu. ghufanx shell danah markab harb kashafa ship-of-war shot (cannon ball) sight of a gun signal ; signaller „ party skirmish (to) skirmisher slowly small shot asnaf gullah kumhah isharah gema'at ; isharagi isharah tasharkhag sharkbaggi 'ala rush el mahlak 58 Arabic. English. —Phonetic Pronunciation. kantarmah snaffle soldier gindi, ^jZh. ganadi, 'askari spur spy squadron square mahmuz, stable staff (military) isstabl, pla. isstablat phi. mahmiz gasus, basas orta sawari qal 'ah stall arkan akhur stirrup rikab, pin. rikabat support surrender ,, liarb imdad sallam, imp. sallim sallam bi-shurut (to) upon terms (to) sword seyf target tdkhtah nobet tamam durbin, nadarah tattoo telescope kheymah, tent tent-peg watad, i ila el to the right j to the left to the rear transfer transport trenches, troops ,, khiyam autad serlqah theft „ pla. pill, ! ila i Ila ' [redoubt rampart, yamln esh shimal el khalf intiqal liamlah mitras 'asakir (regular) nizam (reserve) redif gar trot el trumpet tunic buri sitrah undress (daily dress) el libs el uniform kiswah garabandleh sawari dideban sawari valise vedette veterinary surgeon victory volley firing walk (at a horse's) hakim yomi beytari zafar, intisar tabur atesh ashkin — 5g Arabic—Phonetic English. Pronunciation. harb war water-bottle wheel, right wheeling wing, left — zamzamleh left — right wounded wound in the head — saghyana solyana dauaran sol-kol— sagh-kol — katar magruh, mabtuh bath (contusion) Commercial and Trading Terms. 35. Bale balah bank bank basalt hagar iswad buy capital ishtara baftah, shash ras el-mal chips (rough stone) dabsh counting-house maktab shukuk (to) calico credit (on) deyn sowan hagar sowan debt flint granite gravel leather haswah gild exchange linen hawalah, kambialah hagar abiad, or hagar gir quttan loan sulfah loss khasarah merchant tagir mud tin letter of limestone package pay to fardah per cent. miyah fayidah, maksab rami — profit sand sandstone sell (to) silk weight wool daf'a — , wafa bil hagar ramleh ba'a harir wazn, tuql suf 60 35. Religious Words English. Jesus Christ for Missionary Worker^. Arabic. — Phonetic yasu'a cl masih life Lay at death mot right (justice) wrong (mistake) praise ghalat hamd spirit ruh haqq heaven sama peace heart salam mind 'aql love mall abb ah qalb . faith emam believe aman prayer (pray) iiope sala (salla) raja whosoever min give receive everlasting iddl lost (lose) mafqud mat died substitute instead of qabal abadi nayib bedel 'an blood dam forgiveness forgive sins trust enter in salvation simati samah khataya tiqa holiness dakhal khalas er ruh el quds qadasah obey t'au clean nadlf afkar holy spirit thoughts words seek (ask for) gladness kalimat otlob inbisat Pronunciation. 61 THE GRAMMAR OF ARABIC, Remarks. Arabic is a very rich language with numerous synonyms, so much so that it has been described by a wag as a language in which every word has its own meaning and exactly the opposite, and a third meaning of some kind Fortunately for the common needs of life, of camel. people Arabic-speaking are content with vocabulary, and even the educated reserve an ordinary the richness mother-tongue for special occasions. The appalling thirteen forms of the verb of grammarians dwindle in practice to the intransitive, transitive, and an impersonal of their form, with occasionally a passive form, and prepositions are considered various cases. sufficient without the inflection of the Again, the student has the building-up of a vocabulary made more easy for him, by fairly consistent changes which are made in the roots to express various ideas. THE VERB. The root form is that of the 3rd person singular of the past tense of the verb. From is formed most regularly a word which place or time of performing the action indicated this means the by the root form. Thus, katab (he wrote) makes malctab (the place of writing, i.e., the office). Khazan (he treasured up) makes (the place of storing, hence our "magazine"). Sam (he fasted) makes mdusim (the time of fasting, hence our word "monsoon"). Rakab (he rode) makes merkeb makhzan Sharab (he drank) makes mashrab (the drinkingused in the form of mashrablch, the lattice-work (a ship). place), — 62 round native windows. Shorhah (properly s7joriat), a drink (Eng. "sherbet"), is another derivative from this root.* The past participle of a verb and can be used an like is also regularly formed, adjective. maktuh, written. Thus, from hatab, he wrote, s/ia//rtZ, he worked, masJu/Jnll, hu.sy. ,, maftuh, opened. fatah, he opened, „ /(?//cm, he understood, ?»(if/7(;()n, understood. ,, The medial is made transitive by doubling the shaglujlial, he thus, shaglial, he worked intransitive verb letter ; ; made to work. The impersonal form French, and Yitfdteh, yitijlusil, is constantly used as it is in formed by prefixing the sound of yit. it is opened (compare 11 s'oiivre in French); it is washed. is Auxiliary Verbs. not troubled in Egyptian with many moods and the present serves also for the future; tenses. One tense the past tense is uniformly constructed from the root, and the auxiliary verbs to have and to he are represented by one form of auxiliary, which is here given and is typical of the inflections of all verbs One is — — : ana PRESENT OR FUTURE. ehna nekfm, I will be or become aJa'in, (German we, &c. werde) thou, &c. huiva yekun, he, &c. inta tekun, intuvi tekilnu, humma yeki'mu, you, &c. they, &c PAST. ana kunt, inta kunt, huiva kdn, 1 was or became. ehna kunna, we, &c. intum kuntu, humma kdnu. * It is interesting to note the number of Arabic words that have been Imported into the Enf,'lish lansuaKe, besides the above and tlie well-linown forms generally besiiiniiig witli al or el, alchemy, almanac, alembic, elixir, algebra — the last from an Arab mathematician with tlie appellation of Al Gebbar, the giant. Thus, many less distinctive words are found, such as admiral, arsenal, to drub, to booze, glioul, zany, 'popivjay, bug (not inThe introduction of these into our language is digenous to England). probably due to the Crusaders. The soldiers of later days are responsible for a great many Hindustani words in current use in our colloquial language, such as to crab (military term from Arabic root kharab), club, punch, bobbery. So long I and numerous others. — — 68 There is no verb corresponding to / am. It is omitted. Thus, ana mabsilt, I am contented; hnica faqlr, he is poor. I have, etc., is formed with the preposition 'and (near) and the personal pronouns, as 'andi, I we have. 'andekam, you have. 'andeJnun, they have. have. 'andena, 'andak, thou hast. 'andii, he has. I had is kdn 'audi, (there was near me) other persons. ; and similarly for the General Formation of Tenses. An all ordinary verb katab, he wrote the verbs are formed similarly katab, he wrote, ana — here given, and is : kdtib, writing, maktub, written. PRESENT OR FUTURE. I write 07' will write, ehna aktib, niktib, inta tiktib, intiim tiktibu, hinva yiktib, hiunma yiktibu. PAST. ana ehna katdbna, intum katdbtu, I wrote. katdbt, inta katdbt, hnwa humma katab, katabu. IMPERFECT. ana hint aktib, I was writing. inta kunt tiktib, I niktib, PLUPERFECT. ehna kunna katdbna, intum kuntu katdbtu, had written. inta kunt katdbt, huwa kdn kunna intum kuntu tiktihu, humma kdnu yiktibu. Iiuwa kdn yiktib, ana kunt katdbt, elina humma kdnu katab, katabu. — Nearly all imperatives are formed uniformly, as Iktib Write! Imsik— Take hold ofl 7ms/«— Walk! or Go I/tali— Open From masak, mdshi, fatah. I ! A form to express present action, to distinguish the present from the future, is often used, the present being given the prefix bi. Thus, ana baktib, inta bitiktib, I am writing (now), huwa biyikt'tb, &c. — 64 The verbs call for no further remark beyond the fact that there is a feminine form of the 3rd person sing., Thus, "she writes," Idya tiktib present and past tense. instead of yiktib; "she wrote," hlya katabet instead of Colkatab; similarly, "she was," kdn e t mstesid oi kan. lective nouns also take this feminine singular form; as El gemdl tdkal, the camels eat. THE PRONOUN. Except when governing the verb or as the subject of a sentence, the forms of personal pronouns a7ia, inta, huwa, &c., are not used, but another form as in 'andi, I have, quoted above; similarly, tahti, under me, ganbi, by my side. express possession the word To Thus, bit'ai, mine, bit'a, belonging to, is used. bit'ana, ours, biVaak, thine, bWakum, yours, bit'a-ii, his, bWahum, theirs. it is intended to lay stress on the possessive, Thus, generally replaced by the suffix. milki, my property wishak, your face; riglu, his leg, &c. But, unless this word is ; The dative form of the personal pronoun the prefix li, is made with : I to lena, me, to us, lak, to thee, lakum, to you, lu, to him, lalium, to them. FORMATION OF PLURALS. The regular form of plural is made by the addition of In to masculine words and -at to feminine. The feminine word generally ends in a (see p. 10) and is transcribed a simple noun and leh when a derivative It therefore causes little difficulty, and being noun. feminine in accordance with previously conceived ideas on the subject, one is not troubled with unreasonable as ah when it is As a set-off to this, the plurals of nouns disport themselves under so many guises that the above rule of adding -In and -at is chiefly of use in the formation of the plurals of adjectives and of feminine derivative nouns. The plurals of nouns* ring the following kinds of changes^ genders. * And of some adjectives. — 65 and each must be learnt as an exception. Sing. Plur. shibdk, a window, The dual form a man obtained by adding is rdgileyri tdyyibeyn, ; : Plur. futah, a towel, heytah, a wall, walad, a boy, hakim, & doctor, sliebablk. a mountain, gebdl. merkeb, a ship, merdkib. beyt, a house, beyilt. gebel, - For instance Sing. -eijn ; foivdt. heytdn. duldd. hukam a. thus, rdgil, two good men. THE DEFINITE ARTICLE. The with a qualifying the large army. It has no feminine or plural form. Before certain letters el suffers elision and duplicates the initial letter of the following esh shems, the sun. word. Thus, en ndr, the fire definite article Thus adjective. el the, is repeated el, geysh el keblr, ; THE NEQATIVE. The negative is peculiar. *' Not " is viush, compounded ma, not, and shey, a thing, and can be separated like ne pas in French. of Thus, "I know" ma'arefsh or manish is ""aref, ana'arej; "I don't know," ana or simply mush 'aref.* THE ADJECTIVE. Comparative and Superlative. The forms Jiasan, are regular, and as follows: good (beautiful) ; ahsan, better ; el ahsan, the best. shdter, clever; ashter, cleverer; el ashter, the cleverest. many (much) ketlr, aktir, ; (classical, el aksir, keblr, great e.g., ; akbar, greater Alldhu akbar 'I more el aktir, ; most hence " elixir"). ; ! el akbar, greatest. God is the greatest 1 Genders. The feminine of adjectives is formed by adding the letter hey. Thus, the feminine form of the above words becomes hasanah, shdtirah, ketlrah, &c. * In the Sudan the form Egyptian S.-T. is ma b'aref, and is more correct Arabic. F " ! 66 The adjectives of colour are peculiar ; e.g., ahiad, white; (fern.) bey da. dhmar, red A list of these is ; liamara (hence Alhambra). (fern.) given on page 34. POLITE DICTION. not impolite, as in most European languages, to use the 2nd person singular but it is usual in speaking Thus, instead to equals to use the word hdderet, presence. of inta, thou, and Imwa, he, one says politely hddretak, hddretu. It is not necessary when the expression used is in itself polite Kattar khei/rak, as, Min fadlak, Please Thank you Alldh yehfdzak, God keep you Nehdrak ia,%d, Good morning Leyltak sa'ldah, Good evening It is ; ! ; 1 ! I much If the person addressed is of higher rank, the word sa'adetak or sa'adetkum should be used, and pronounced sa'ddtak, sa'ddtkum. be familiar with the expressions by which invoked. Thus, Allah! is often "used during a pause in conversation Bkviillah ! In the name of God (on starting work or a journey) Insha, Allah I Please God Masha, Allah! an expression (used constantly for per/m^js) of surprise or admiration (in the latter case with the Yallah ! By God intention of avoiding the evil eye). (used always for " Go on " " Let us proceed " &c.).* It is well to God is ; I I ; ; I ! ! On entering a room or house, one words Marhabba! (Welcome wa sdhlan! (Make !) yourself at or is more home addressed with the cordially with Ahlan !). As a rule, the expression Saldm 'aleykum ! (Peace be upon you !) is reserved by Mohammedans for Mohammedans, but if used to a Christian or other should be es saldm ! (On you be peace 1). answered by 'Aleykum occasions of making an word Itfdddal (Be be used as a preliminary. Politeness requires that on all offer of a seat, cigarette, coffee, &c., the gracious) must WalUih I is a form of oath for " By Godl ! ! ! ! 67 CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES AND SENTENCES. Useful and Necessary Expressions. Aeabic— Phonetic Pronunciation. English. At akhlran last allow me are you hungry? be careful, open your eyes begone out with you by all means certamly come back barra m'alum, na'am irg'a hena hush inta sam'a? ta'ala idkhol, me inta arif, or ta'araf samili ni, or ma imshi iddl-ni, a'atl-ni times ? holloa there ! immediately kam marrah oh you ya inta (in this fil ! in front of in future (afterwards) ? I waqt, halan ma yumkinsh qodam fil qabil (ba'adeyn) means {i.e.) make haste qawam, many thanks barakat warsin it ya'ani bil 'agal v ta'akhiznish min hena m'a es-salamah ruh min hena me time) impossible itl'a la budd, from here good-bye go away go on how many ifta^ 'eynak 'ala kulli lial do you hear ? do you know ? excuse me give li inta ga'an imshi 1 come here come in forgive ismah 68 Arabic— Phonetic English. never mind no take care ma'aleysh la 'oal 1 me qul-li thanks shokr tell you tliank that's another thing the sooner the better (to-day, before to-morto the rear [row) very bad very much very nice very often (much) very well 1 what what what is allah yahfdrZ-ak deh shey tani en nahar deh qabl bukra li wara radi, bil this for ? this ? liamm qawi kwayls khalis ketir ketir 'azim tfiyyib, huwa ? ey deh deh ey deh ? eysh ? is Pronunciation. 'ala who is there? who is this ? why ? or eysh deh ? ? min henak ? da min deh ? ley? na'am, aywa yes Simple and Practical Phrases. akhkh any news ? fi khabar ? Alas ! 1 are you in a hurry ? as you like (to your pleasure) inta mista'agil ? bring a liglat here bring me bring me a chair call the servant hat nur hena? come back do not annoy me tell him do you think ? do you understand? do as you please, ) please yourself gib keyfak li, hat-li hat kiirsi inda el khaddam erg'a tiza'alnlsh tinsHsh taqul-lush inta teftekr? or inta tezunn? inta fahim ? or fahemt ? ma ma ma do not forget don't 'ala J bi khatirak ! 69 Arabic— Phonetic English. get up give him give him a second one, give me [one' give me a different give me a little of qum [this go back go more slowly go more quickly good evening good morning to you he appealed (against erg 'a Pronunciation. iddih; iddl-lu iddlh (or iddl-lu) tani iddl-ni ; a'atini iddl-ni wa^iid gheyr-u iddl-ni shuwayah min deh imshi bishweysh imshi bil 'agal leylt-ak sa'idah sabah el-kheyr istanaf 07' 1 neharak [sa'ld the judgment of a Court of Justice) he he he a liar is is drunk is under my huwa kaddab huwa sakran huwa ta^it 'eydi orders (hand) he is very angry [himself he is ill he learned Arabic by he told me hold your tongue, (shut up) (end) how do you do ? how many ? how many piastres ? how much ? how much do you sell this (it) how must to I huwa oskut (ikhlas) salamat ? or ez-zeykum kam ? or qad eyh kam qirsh ? kam? tibi'a we go 'anhu am am am deh bikam ? ? et tarlq ila possible for me aqdersh yumkinnlsh to) you I have not am angry with you I am cold ana m.ota'aggib ana raih ma ma ana a'akid lak ma bi- [nafs-u qal-ni ? I assure I zaalan ketir 'ayyan t'allam el 'arabi wahid-u for? astonished going I not able I cannot (it is not I huwa huwa 'andlsh ana za'alan wayyak ana bardan ? ? 70 Arabic—Phonetic Eugllsh. I I I I I am hungry am not hungry [to it am tired am not accustomed am wrong ana ga'an ana mush ga'an ana t'aaban ana ma llsh 'adah el haqq 'aleya I ma I ana cannot do not care I do not know I do not speak the Arabic language I cannot learn Arabic if you speak English I have no appetite I have no passport I live at I want want I will if is it ma ma ma 'ala ball 'arafsh atkallimsh el loghah ma aqdarsh at'alim 'arabi iza kan inta tetkallim bilingellz ma ma llsh nafs 'andlsh tazkarah ti — buy not (am not ana 'awiz (or 'auz, or ana 'awiz ishtiri ana mush radi to everything ready is not necessary your fault it is not my ? fault mistaken it is raining hard it is too late very hot keep to the right knock at the door lend me let me help you light the candle it is shuftush abadan mush lazim el-haqq 'aleyk ana ma 'andish 'eyb [("shame ") ana ghaltan yetmattar qawi wakhri ketir harr ketir khallik 'ala yiminak iklibat el bab salllf-ni khalll-ni 'annak lock the door make bil-'agal haste my words have made no impression on him oh ! (he did not kalami ma sama'usb my word) how dirty yon are hear 'ayiz) min fadlak kuU shey hader ? walla esh shama'a walla en-nar iqfil al bab bilkeylun light the tire el 'arabieh ma you please [willing) am aqdarsh ana sakin it is I flh saw him I never I — Pronunciation. ya 1 ma-inta wisekh ! 71 Ababic— Phonetic Pronunciation. English. open the door permit iftah el me rinn ring the bell radd speak plainly speak the truth tell tell ! no garas bab, el bilb itfaddal oq'od ! lies ! itkallam bil'ali qui bil liaqq ihtazar ma takdibsh ! the [straight) qul-lu truth qui doghri kattar kheyrak bass 01- bi-ziadah ma fish darar kullohum zey ba'ad thank you that's enough (it I there is no harm they are all alike this annoys me very [much wait here wait until he comes walk slowly we will eat what are you doing ? what did he say ? what does it con- I deh yiza'alni ketir istanna hena istanna lihdd imshi 'ala ma yeygi mahlak 'auzin nakul bit'amil eyh ? qal eyh ? fib eyh ? ? what do you say ? what do you want ? what have you got ? what is that ? [ence ? what is the differwhat is the matter ? what is the news ? what is this ? what is to be done ? what is your name ? what is your opinion? you what makes angry I khud-u him tain el iqfil el down, please take care take it gavas, el doqq shut the door sit bab ismali-li, or Izin-li bitqul eyh ? 'auz eyh ? eyh 'andak? eyh deh ? el fark eyh ? el khabar eyh ? el khabar eyh ? eysh huwa ? el 'amal eyh? ismak eyh ? takhminak eyh ? inta za'alan leyh ? ? what o'clock is it ? what pay does he get? es sa'ah kam ? kam? mahlyat-u 72 Akabic. English. what shall I do ? where are you ? where are you going? where do you live ? where is he now ? which house is yours? which horse will you —Phonetic Pronunciation. ana a'mil izzay ? inta feyn ? inta raih feyn ? inta sakin feyn ? huwa feyn dilwaqti anhi beyt bit'aak ? anhu hosan tirkab ? ride? you allow me ? you oblige me ? will you take this ? who told you ? you must go now you are late you are right (the will tismah will 'amil ma'artif truth is your in li ? takhod deh ? min ? qal lak ? lazim teruh dilwaqt inta ta.akhart el haqq bi eydak hands) Directions to Bring a hoe to earth go thus take care of leave turn do it hat turieli (u) hat fas hat ghalaq (muqtaf) hat habl ; bring a basket bring rope dig here take from before you take from behind you make it wider deeper yet go down deeper go down to water go down Workmen. native 'amal-u was'a ziadah ghawit lissa inzel wati lissa inzel lil moyyah inzel lil 'ard sahih deh {lit., khalllh salim [slowly with complete over not break hena imsek min qodam imsek min wara ifhat mashi keda bishweysh min it *' (l) iqlib-u it the Dricks are there mud bricks or burnt bricks ? See ma fi p. 13. tiksar-ush et tub tub nai au tub ahmar ? it) 73 Akabic. English. work, oh boy pull turn Pronunciation. ishtaghal ya walad shidd or shil [carry) 1 push ; — Phonetic dauwar-u it come and measure the work ta'ala qls esh-shoghl but measure it m'teqis-u how much are wages el ograh kam ? ? work the the is by the day esh shoghl bil yom measure this is very tough I cannot lift it up it is needful to have deh yabis khalas ma aqdarsh ashil-u lazim nas ziadah more men ornament (-ed) rasm (mersum) ,, ,, bil qias ,, ,, inscription (inscribed) mound of ruins kitabah (maktub) potsherds shuqf cemetery gabbanah grave turbah, pin. turab kom, or tell Travel Talk.— Arrival. I 'auz want a boat this is not big enough for us it will not do can you take our luggage with you? no 1 certainly, sir [porter you a he can carry the lot by himself; he is strong he has a cart, too I will bring there is first the cus- wahed felukkah deh mush keblr 'ala shan-na bil kifayah ma yenf'ash teqdar takhod el 'afsh la ! bit'a- na wayyak? ommal ya sidi* ! agib lak wahed shayyal yeqdar yeshll kullu bi nafs-u; [karro huwa gad'af 'andu kaman wahed 'arableh auwalan fi taftlsh el gumruk tom-house exami[carriage nation we will go in the ehna neruh Ommal corresponds to "Katherl Used politely t Gad'a (lit., brave). especially in the streets, to make way. * I fil 'arableh should thinli so." calling out to any man, when 74 Aeabic— Phonetic English. you must come with us Pronunciation. lazim inta teygi wayya-na [fare is me how much the how much is the fare tell qul-li el bi kam ograh bi kam ograh lil mahattah? el to the station? person four piastres [much ? and the porter, how he is entitled to ask each two kul shakhs arb'aa qurush wa'sh shayyal, kam ? haqq-u [Ids right] qirsheyn, wa huwa biyetlob baqshish 'ala shan harr ketir wa'l 'afsh and piastres, asking for baqshish because it is hot and the luggage is heavy is the luggage correct? eleven pieces you left one in the steamer you must send the porter to enquire about it is [by God] I there quite forgot it, sir 1 [0 my master] thank goodness someone ing is ! — teqil el 'afsh tamam ? had'ashra hittah* wahedah inta fut lazim tirsel fil wabur esh-shayyal yis.al 'an-u w'allah ya ana neslt-u khalas ! sidi hamdu el I'illah 1 fi had biyeglb-u dilwaqti bring- now it The Railway. Is the station far? no ; a quarter of an el mahattah ba'id ? masafah rob'a s'aah bas3 la ; whendoesthetraingo? el wabur in half-an-hour b'ad hour's distance only anyhow, start it will not before the [then mails come we need not hurry * Hittah (sing.). 'ala yesafir imta? nuss sa'ah kulli hal ma yesafirsb \after'] qabli ma mush lazim Beyond ten the singular is teygi el bosta nist'agil baqa always p-ed. 75 Aeabic. English. please go and get the tickets I want four first-class there is a ticket short — Phonetic Pronunciation. min fadlak ruh wa gib et tazakir [ula 'auz arb'aa mehellat daragah I will never mind bring you another fi tazkarah naqes m'aleysh agib lak wiihedah and the money w'al ! ; is it right ? one piastre is bad [by the life of your father] I swear the interpreter there is no need to I will ascertain from him, all the same the luggage goes without extra charge no I have paid 15 piastres here's the receipt [journey I wish you a good you are travellers I ; how long have you been in Egypt ? we arrived only today [Cairo ? are you going to shall stay there four days waiting for the steamer it is not enough you require 2 or 3 weeks at least our intention is to see everything be; we go back England fore filus, tamam? [comjdete] wahed qirsh batal wa hayat abuk huwa tayyib 1 it [only old is good you are right, it is 1 would like to ask we kaman 1 to lak haqq, huwa qadmi ana biddi is,al et bass terguman ma fish lezum ana istdfhem min-u bardu el 'afsh yertih la ballash ana dof 'aat khamast'ashrah qirsh ah6 el wasl ; [safety) m'a es salamah (lit. with hadretkum musafirin baqa lakum kam yom fi berr Masr? I wasalna en nehar deb bass intum rayhin fi Masr ? noqod henak arb'at eyyam, mustannin el wabur ma yekfish ; lazim aqall guma'ateyn telatah qasdena neshuf kullu qabli ma nirg'a inc:eliz fil bilad el ! 76 Arabic. English. good perhaps ; I you when you return from Upper Egypt shall see God please —Phonetic Pronunciation. kway-is ; Wake me early the morning in min tirga'u es Sa'id insha,allah An ashuf- insha,allah kum lamma I Excursion. subh salii-ni badri es ahram we are going to see the elina rayliin neshuf el Pyramids to-morrow do you want me to get the donkeys ready? bukra hadretak 'auz in-ni aliaddar el hemir? perhaps we shall go in a carriage, but yumkin anyhow we shall take food with us everything siiwill be all right you must take the necessaries for tea the teapot, the spirit, matches and everymust be thing yes, I ; wrapped in paper have wrapped up everything and put it and melons on the [the wine way good do not forget we want to go up the Pyramids just as you wish, sir ; not difficult, but one will bring two men to go up with you it tires I 'arableh, fi hal kulli 'ala nakhod akl wayya-na hadir ya sidi, yibqa tamam shey kulli takhod el ashya lowazimah li shai el sbirlt, kabrit, wa lazim el abriq, es lazim kullu ana fil yitlaff laffeyt kullu wa fi waraq hotteyt-u qafas into the basket we can buy oranges it is neruli walakin this is not necessary yumki'nna nishteri bortoqan wa shammam (or wa ehna fi sikkali tayyib ; ma batikh) tinsash en nebid biddinna nitl'a el ahram [effendim zey deh ma (or keyfak), sa'ab, walakin terld mush yit'ab el insan {man) agib ragileyn yitl'au wayya hadretak deh mush daruri ; 77 Ababic— Phonetic English. am strong and can go up alone [once get the tea ready at the horse is going lame, and is very I Pronunciation. ana gamid wa aqdar atl'a bi nafs-i haddar esh shai halan el hosan biy 'urog wa ta'aban ketir tired arbaggi biyidrab the driver is beating the horse without any reason he knows his business he is not cruel another time I will take someone else they are all alike el have you made an account of what you have spent ? 'atiiilt On have seen the dahabieh, and it is a I el hosan bidun sabab y'araf shoghl-u huwa mush qasi marrah tani akhod wahed gheyr-u kuUohum zey ba'ad hisab min el {inoney) illi felus sardft-u ? the Nile. ana shuft ed dahabieh wa hiya merkeb 'aal very fine boat have you brought all the luggage down ? have you brought the vegetables and mutton, fowls and eggs nazzdlt kul el 'afsh ? ishtereyt el khodarat wa lahm dani, wa firakh wa beyd; wa lil merakbieh hauwa {or er rih) t'ayyinat also provisions for the crew ? the wind if is not enough, we must use the oars [tiful the weather is beau- can we land and see the town after sunset ? as you wish, sir; the people but here are bad we are not afraid iza kan el mush 'aamil kafi, el lazim nist- maqadlf hauwa kway-is yumkinna ninzel neshuf el balad deb, b'ad el maghel reb ? zey ma terld hadretak, walakin en nas hen«^ batalln ehna mush khaifin 78 Aeabio.— Phonetic Pronunciation. English. if you walk on this side of the town, there is tion I [boat is el ! wonder where the to-morrow we will go shooting together there are pigeons and quail and sometimes sandgrouse want someone to carry the cartridges and the basket with the food you will keep (walking) on the right and lin the middle quail are always to be found in the wheat you keep behind me and be silent [for it I hit it; go and look I am tired, and it is very late nearly six, and we are hungry the Berberines are it is fellows, el merkeb feyn ya tara ah6, qibli min el balad, 'ala taraf esh sliarqi ! bukra neruLi saua fi lis-seyd saua hammam wa ba'ad el siman wa ahyan qatt'a 'auz walied ragil yeshll el fishenk wa'l qafas bil akl inta mashi 'ala yeniln wa ana fil wust tekun es el siman tamdlli maugudin fi'l qam^i khallik wara-ni wa oskot ana sibt-u ruh dauwar 'aleyh ana t'aaban wa wakhri ketir ; [luck we have had good good min no objec- there it is, south of the town, on the east bank I iza timshi nahayadeh balad, ma fish ba,_as and thoroughly acquainted with the river certainly, they work hard, and are not [their pay lazy they are asking for it is not due yet bakhtena (our luck) tayyib sa'ah sitteh taqriban wa ehna ga'anin el Barabra nas (people) tayyibin wa 'arifin el bahr bil kullieh ma'alum, yishtaghalu giddan wa mush humma lissa kaslanin [bit'a^thum talibin mush wafa el mahiyah ; 79 Ababic— Phonetic English. that yishteru hagat to buy things bidduhum walakin sahlh, but they true, is want Pronunciation. fantasieh lil for the fantasia if this is there is case the baza fi el ma l.ial, fish man'a no objec- tion humma they are very pleased; and all my mabsutin khalas kaman ana wa akhdam too would like to serve you I 'auz hadretak till yumkin neruh saua marrah taniah saua insha,allah aruh qibli wayya 'umr-i life perhaps we will go together another time please God I will go south with your next excellency jenabak es senah illi gay ah year you give me a testimonial, please? tiddi-ni will God keep you good-bye alldih ! m'a I shehadah min fadlak? yaljfazak es salamah WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. Weight. -99 144 dirhem make 1 rotl or pound = = 2'75 1 oqqa 400 dirhem ,, =99*05 Ikantar 100 rotl „ 1 pik (the principal for cloth and Length. measure) _op.Q English. ,, ,, „ ,, • " ' "~ silk) lb. av. j =11 I qasab ft. 7-7G in. ,, Surface. 400 square qasah make or acre 1 ... ... feddan, ... =1 acre 6 rods ,, =5'44 bushels ,, Capacity. 24 ri(6'a make 1 ... rtrc/e/j N.B.— The metric system is commonly used lor weight and length. — 80 EGYPTIAN MONEY. Egyptian Value. Systematic Name. English MilUeme = id. = 2id. 1 10 Millihnes 1 Piastre or Qirsh ' Piastres. Mill'mes. Gold £ d. s. Dels. Cents Coins, Giney Masri (the Egyptian pound) Nuss Giney Silver Coins. Hiydl Masri ... ) 1000 100 50 500 20 10 2 200 100 50 20 1 10 TO 1 TO 2 5 Hub' a Riydl ... Qirsheyn Qirsh (Piastre) 2 50 4 1 1 .3 — — — •2 — — — MilUeme 6 — — — — 1 Copper pieces {2-Para and 1-Para pieces); 5 1 50 25 of these | 1 1 and are — — \ MilUeme used only by the very poor. Note. — English tourists are credit notes cashed in are valued as under recommended English Gold. to have their The following : Piastres. Millifimes. The English Sovereign The French Napoleon William Bbown & (£1) (20f.) Co., Ltd., St. 97.5 77.1i Mary Axe, London, E.G. 5 5 2i 5 Nuss Qirsh 2 Milliemes are 5 3 10 Nickel Coins. There 6 1 j Niiss lliyal 1 American Money. English Money. Egyptian Monet. ARABIC NAME. "Valujb. 2 1 i Telephone CENTRAL 9340. Telegraphic Address; '"MARLBOROUGH. CENT, LONDON." E. Marlborough & Co:s CATALOGUE OF EUROPEAN & ORIENTAL LANGUAGES. EDUCATIONAL AND COMMERCIAL TEXT BOOKS, PUBLISHED AT NET PiilCES. 1917. London E. : MARLBOROUGH & 51, Old Bailey, E.G. Co. — — DANISH. CHINESE. ch:i]n^b:s:e:. Net Chinese Self-Taught (Tbinim's System) in Chinese and Roman Characters by J. DARROCH, D.Lit., Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Educational Association of China. Containing Syllabary and Pronunciation as spoken by the Had rins and Official Class, Comparative Sound 'J'able, Phonetic Values of Vowels used, Clashifiod Vocabularies, Conversational Phrases and Sentences, Commerci>il, Trading and Religious Terms, Travelling by Railway, Road and Steamboat. The Numerals, Money with English and American Values, Second Edition. 1916. Crown 8vo., Weights and Measures. 154 pp., blue wrapper .Do. ... ... ... ... 5/0 " This manual should prove useful to students, oflScers, resident in China." 'i'/ic Tiinei. — We 4/0 ... do., red cloth and missionaries as somethin"; novel, and are satisfied that it will answer the purpo'^e of helping tourists officials an business men in acquiring a working knowledge of the Chinese colloquial." The Chinese " welcome it I lievi IV. "It is altogethpr a simple guide to the mastery of this difficult language, and we most warmly recommend it." The Medical Times. DANISH. Danish Self-Taught (Thimm's System), by W. F. HARVEY, m.a. Containing Classified With P^nglish Phonetic Pronunciation. Elementary Grammar; and Conversations; Vocabularies Commercial, Travel Talk Colloquial and Idiomatic Phrases Trading. Cycling, Photograpbic, Shooting and Fishing Terms; Money with illustration of Danish coinage and English and American values, Weishis and Measures. 1914. Third edition. : ; Crown Bvo., 120 pp., blue Do. wrapper ... ... ... ... ... do., red cloth 2/0 2/6 "The system of phonetics is so simple that those previously unacquainted with Danish can, with it>» ai J, make themselves understood without difficulty. The book is both pritctical and useful, and will enable students and others to acquire the language by home study." The Lancet. — Danish and Norwegian Grammar, by H. Danish and English Dialogues, by H. LUND. (See page 23.) LUND cloth 2/0 Danish Washing Book by C. A. THIMM: for Ladies. Gentlemen, and Families. With counterfoils in English, alphabetically arranged. London: £. Demy 8vo., dark red MARLBOROUGH & wrapper ... ... ... ... 6d. Co., Publishers, 51, Old Bailey, E.G. — — DUTCH. —— — EGYPTIAN. DUTCH Net Dutch Self-Taught, by C. A. THIMM. Revised by Carel Thieme (London Chamber of Commerce Examiner). Contains Vocabularies; Elementary Grammar; Idiomatic Phrases; Travel Talk; Cycling; ^lotoring; Photography; Amusements; Trading, Legal and Religious Terms, &c.; with Phonetic Pronunciation Money with English and American values, and plate of Dutch coins, &c. 2nd Edition. 1910. Crown 8vo., 120 pp., blue wrapper ... 2/0 ; Do. do., red cloth 2/6 " Is a really excellent introduction to the tongue." Pitman's Journal. "An excellent syistetn is adopted." The Natal Mercury. " Tliis little book is a practical manual for the foreigner (English) who wants to get a knowledge of Dutch and to express himself in plain conversation. Baekoesprelcing. Travellers' Practical Manual of Conversation. No. 2 (Marlborough's) English, French, German and DUTCH, in one book. Containing Travel Notes, Pronunciation, Classified Conversations for Railway, Steamer, Customs, Hotel, Shopping, Sight-seoing, Photography, Cycling, Motoring, subjects arranged alphabetically. Tables of Money, Weights and Measures. Comprehensive Dictionary of Words in Daily Use. Second Edition. 1914. Crn. 12mo., brown wrapper, round corners ... 1/0 Do. do., cloth Do. do., leather 1/6 with tuck in flap ... ... ... ... 2/6 "Provides an abundance of conversational and colloquial sentences, and indispensable questions and answers, which are all classified according to subject, and the subjects are arranged alphabetically."— Oilman's Journal. Dutch Washing Book by C. A. and Families. THIMM : Counterfoils in English. Dutch Grammar, by F. AHN. for Ladies, Gentlemen, 8vo,, wrapper Demy 6d. (See page 23.) EGYI>TIAN. Egyptian (Arabic) Self-Taught, by C. A. THIMM. Revised and Enlarged by Major S. Marriott, D.S.O. Contains Alphabet and Phonetic Pronunciation, Vocabularies, Elementary Grammar, Idiomatic Phrases, Travel Talk, Tables of ]\Ioney, Weights and Measures. With an illustrated plate of the Egyptian coinage. Fourth Edition. 1914. Crown 8vo., 80 pp., blue wrapper ... Do. " do., red cloth 2/0 2/6 We have pleasure in recommending this book." Egyptian Gazette. " An excellent introduction to thu language, and should be the travelUnited Empire. ling companion of all visitors to the country." London: E. MARLBOROUGH & CO., Publishers, 51, Old Bailey, E.G. — ENGLISH. ENOLISM. for A.I.L., Wm. CHEVOB-MAURICE Net Home English Commercial Correspondence and Abroad, by London. Containing Commercial Phrases and Letters with lutroductory Notes and Hints; Filing, Indexing and Precis writing Specimen indexand Precis; Commercial Terms and Abbreviations. 1913 Demy 8vo., ... ... ... ... fawn wrapper. 104 pp. ... ... ... 1/0 ; Do., do., fawn cloth "This book coniains an ... ... adniiratile ... ... /.. ... 1/6 business letters, construclion of various collection of ther with a nsefiil intniduction on tlie types of commercial letters." Clark'n Kdiicalor. to<j( ENGLISH for the FRENCH. GERMANS. ITALIANS and SPANI'^H L'Aiiglais sans Maitre (English Self-Taught for the . . FRENCH), ;Metl>odeThimm. parM.li HLBERT. Cinquieme edition, Revue et agiandie. Avec la piononciatiou de tons les mots, pour apprenVocabulaires, La Grammaire dre la langue Angiaise soi-menie Phrases et Locutions de Conversation, Le Voyage, Le Commerce, Automobilisme, Cyciisme, Photographic, La Divertissements, Morn lie, Poids et IMesures, &c. Avec Reproductions des Monnaies 1915. Couverture verte ... Angluises. Crown 8vo., 128 pp. 1/0 Eelie toile verte ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1/6 Der Englische Dolmetscher (English Self-Taught for GERMANS), Methode Thimm, by W. von KNOBLAUCH. Mit Englisher Durchgesehen von Heinuich Zweitc- Aufiage. Aussprache. Worterverzeichuisse, gehiauchliche I!edensarten DoKGKEL. und Gespiaclie, Elumentar Grammatik, Lese- und Schreibiibungen, kaufmaiinisclie, militarische, jundische, religiose Redensarten und Gespiiiehe, Aiisdriicke und Gesprache fiir R4d-, Motor-fahrer und Pnoiograp.lien, Gesprache iiber Theater und Vergniigungen. Mit Abbildungen des englischen Geldes. ... Crown 8vo., 120 pp. 1909. Preis Orange broschiert ... 1/0 — Gebunden ... "Tins Utile work will ... sii.l ... ... ... ... ... ... 1/6 our Teutonic neighbours."— P«6/w?i-«rs' Cir. L'Inglese Irrparato da se (English Self-Taught for ITALIANS), by G. DALLA VECCHIA. Con la pi-onuncia fonetica. Contenenfe: Vocabolari, Parole e Frasi di Conversuzi ue. La Gram- matica Inglese, Termini Commerciali e Religioso, Frasario per Viaggio, Velocipede, Automobile e Fotografia, Divertiraeuti, Illnstiazione della Moneta Inglese, Monete, Pesi e Misure. ecc. Crown 8vo. 120 pp. Edizioue Seconda 1913. In carta ... London: E. MARLBOROUGH & Co., Publishers, 51, Old Bailey, E.G. — — ENGLISH ESPERANTO. {contd.). FINNISH. 7 Net Self-Taught for para Cada Cual (English SPAN^^^RDS), Metodo Marlborough, por William CHEVOB. Con pronunciacioii fonetica. Para aprender el Ingles j)or si mismo. El Alfabeto con sa Pronuuciacion, Vocabularios, La Grarndtica Inglesa, Ejercicios Locuciones conversacionales y Prases, El Viaje, Vocablos comerciales. La Bicicleta, El Automovil, Potografia, Diversiones, Las Monedas, Moneda, Pesos y Medidas, Illustracion de la jNIoiieda Inglesa, Tarifa Postal, ... Crown 8vo., 128 pp. Ediciou Segunda 1918. P^n Rustica 1/0 El Ingles En Tela 1/6 ' Esperanto Self-Taught, by MANN W. W. (IMember of the Containing Vocabularies, Conversations, Phrases, Grammar, Conimercial, Trading, Legal and Religious Terms, Travel Talk, Pliotography, Cycling, Motoring, Amusements, IMoney, Weights & Measures, with Phonetic Pronunciation. 3rd Edition. 1916. Cr. Bvo., 132 pp., blue wrapper 1/0 Britisli Esperanto Association). Do., red cloth "A book " 1/6 of corisid Tabli' practical value." The School World. is worth studying." The Ciir Illustrated. The language Manuale (MARLBOROUGH'S) Esperanto ESPER.4NTO (IMetodo IMailborough). — ITALIANO- Delia conversazione per viaggiatori. Contente La Pronunzia, Conversazioni, Classificate (lolla jMateria disposta per ordine alfabetico) Listini di monete, : PesieMisure; INumeri ListadelBucato Vocabolario generals usate nelia vita giornaliera. 19i3. Crown 12mo., 60 pp., copertina verde, L. 1.00 ... ... ... ... 9d ; delle parole le piii Do., do., in tela, L. 1.50 1/3 Esperanto Manual of Conversation, by J. C. O'CONNOR, M.A. ENGLISH— ESPERANTO. Containing Travellers' Pronunciation, Conversations (sulijects arranged alphabetically), Tables of Money, Weights and Pleasures, the Numerals, Washing Lists, Comprehensive Vocabulary of words in daily ... ... pp., green wrapper ... Crown 12mo., 84 Do. do., green cloth ... ... ... ... FINNISH. Finnish Self-Taught (Thimm's System), by Agnes use. 1910. ... ... 6d. ... ... 1/0 RENFORS. With Phonetic Pronunciation. Containing Vocabularies, Elementary Grammar, Conveisations, Travel Talk for Rail Road and Ship. Commercial, Trading and Religious Terms, Fi>hing and Shooting, Phoio^raphy, Amusements, Tables of Jloney with English and American values, and illustration of Finnisli coinage Weights and Measures. 1910. Crn. 8vo., 120 pp., blue wrapper 2/0 ; Do., red cloth . 2/6 the man who desires to make use of a foreign language." —"Tnvalnxbleto The JJniver^ihi Curiestiniidi'iit. London: E. MARLBOROUGH & Co., Publishers, 51, Old Bailey, E.G. — — FRENCH. 8 FRENCH. Net Active-Service French Book, The, for Soldiers and Sailors. Containing The Soldiers' anguage Manual, No. i, ^i>,lishFrench, by AJAX. French for the Front, by E. F. HARRIS. i A short cut to the Frencli Ijanguage iu Illiyme. in waterjjroof Size ij x 3J Yd. Child's French Book, The, by F.HAHN. 3rd Edition. 12mo., cloth 1,0 " To begin to teach a child a language by rules and grammar is a perfect violation of the laws of nature, so I have endeavoured to follow these laws, and have gone with care through the difficulties of pronunciation, and arianged this little book in a simple manner." cover. Complete French Reader, The, by A. DUDEV ANT. Compiled Ahn. Revised witli additions, and Edited with English Notes by C. A. Thimm. 6th Edition. Enlarged and Improved. Demy 8vo., 136pp., cloth ... ... ... ... Do. do., wrapper ... ... ... ... ... ... "This ought to prove a very useful book for pupils commencing to learn French. Well graduated and interesting." The Schoolnuister. First French Course, being a Class-Book tor BeginnersiMARLBOROUGH'S EDITION), by Dr. F. AHN. Adapted from the German original by A. Dudevant. Crn. 8vo., 120 pp., cloth French for the Front. By E. F. HARRIS. A short cut to the French Language in Rhyme. Hints for Learners, Pronunciation, Introductory Conversation, Lessons, Rhymes for all times. Rhymes for Active Service, Index to Rhymes. Third Edition. Size 6 by 3.^, coloured wrapper 1916. French and English Commercial Correspondence, by Dr. C. and W. VOB-M AURICE, A.I.L. Lond. Containing ]\Iodel Phrases, Letters, En(after A. Dudevant). quiries relating to Goods, Offers of Goods, Orders and their Execution, Shipping Correspondence, Agencies, Situations, Financial Credit, Insurance of Goods. Finance -Market Reports with Phrases, Debit and Credit, Arrangements and Failures, Letters of Introduction. Announcements. Complaints and Drafts, Inland and Foreign. Commercial Terms and Claims after that of F. 1/6 1/0 1/0 3d» CHE LAROCHE — Abbreviations. Second Edition, Do., Money, 1917. do., cloth Weights Demy and Pleasures, 8vo., 128 pp., ike, &c. fawn wrapper... 1/0 1/6 LAFFITTE, French Grammar {School Edition), by J. Principal French Master, City of London B.-e'-L. Being a School. comprehensive work on modern lines, with numerous lessons on the Alphabet, Accent, Liaison, &c., the Rules of Grammar exemplified with Model Sentences, Auxiliary Verbs, Synoptical Table of the four Conjugations, Irregular Verbs, Exercises, Alphabetical Vocabulary. 1914. Crn. 8vo., 136 pp., brown cloth 1/6 Key (Sc/woZ^</iHo>i), by J. LAFFITTE, B.-^s-L. Crn. 8vo. 32 pp., blue wrapper 6d» A di>itinctiy able grammar, one that can be recommended without reservHtion to beginners." Pitman's Journal. French Grammar by F. AHN. A Practical and Easy Method of AUTHOR'S 14th EDITION. learning the French Language. Edited and Revised by C. A. Thimm. Demy 8vo., 220 pp., cloth 2/6 '• Key London: E. to the Exercises, by F. MARLBOROUGH & AHN and C. A. Co., Publishers, 51, Thimm ... 1 '0 Old bailey, L.C. — — FRENCH — — (contd.). Net French Pronunciation Made Easy, by M. H. HEBERT. Fourth Edition. Re-written & Enlarged Containing Vowel Sounds. Consonants, Accents & Signs, The Nasal, Division of Words, Quantity, Rules on Proper Nouns, Reading Exercises with Phonetic Pro- Key to the Exercises. 1908. Cr. 8vo., 48 pp., cloth "The employment of Marlborough's system of English phonetics renders the book availahlefor use with almost any Rrammatical manual, and even to class students enjoying oral te ichiiig its supplementary value would be very considerable." Pitman's Journal. nunciation. 1/0 French Self-Taught (Thimm's System). Entirely new and enlarged For learning Revised by J. LAFFITTE, B.-6s-L. edition. the language by the Natural Method with Phonetic Pronunciation. Containing Alphabet and Pronunciation, The Nasal Sound, Articles, Gender, Accent, &c.. Classified Vocabularies, Conversational Phrases and Sentences, Travel Talk, Commercial, Trading, Naval and INIilitary Terms, Amusements, I^Iotoring, Cycling, Photography, Tables of Money, with English and American Values, Weights and Measures, and Plate of French Coinage. ... 1/0 Second Edition. 1914. Crn. Bvo., 148 pp., blue wrapper Notes on Do. do., red'cloth "The method adopted is ... ... ... ... ... ... 1/6 unique, and has been singularly successful." The Civihim. French Grammar Self-Taught, by J. LAFFITTE, B.-6s-L., Principal French Master, City of London School. Containing — Alphabet, Accent, Liaison, &c.. Rules of Grammar exemplified with ilodel Sentences, Auxiliary Verbs' Synoptical Table of the Irregular Verbs, Exercises, Alphabetical four conjugations Vocabulary. 1912. Crn. 8vo., 136 pp., blue wrap 1/0 Key by wrap. French by J. LAFFITTE, ... ... ... pf-is-L. ... Home Study, the above set in blue wrapper ... ... ... Crn. ... of three ... ... 8vo. 32 pp., blue ... ... ... 6d books banded together ... ... ... ... 2/6 French Self-Taught and Grammar with Key. By J. LAFFITTE, B.-es-L. The set of tliree books, bound in one volume. Crn. 8vo., 315 pp. , green cloth ... ... ... ... ... ... 3/6 French Technical Words and Phrases, by J. A. STANDRING and C. A. THIMM: an English-French and French-English Dictionary of Technical Words, Business Terms and Phrases used in Commerce, Arts, Sciences, Professions and Trades. With an appendix of Tables of Money, Weights and Measures (Metric System). Second Edition enlarged 1905. 16mo., 224 "Contents admirably chosen and wellarranged." pp., red cloth 2/6 Jour, of Commerce. French Verbs at a Glance, The. by Mariot de BEAUVOISIN A Summary, exhibiting the Best System of Conjugation by which the forms of any French Verb may be ascertained, with numerous Practical Illustrations of their Idiomatic Construction, Copious Notes, and a List of the Principal Verbs. Demy 8vo. 64pp., wrapper. Do. London: E. 94th Edition ... ... ... do., cloth MARLBOROUGH & ... ... 1/0 1/6 Co., Publishers, 51, Old Bailey, E.G. — FRENCH 10 French Washing Book by C. A. {contd.). THIMM Net : for Ladies, Demy Gentlemen, 8vo.,dark red wrap. 6(1. Les Aventures de Gil Bias {1st book), by M. de BEAUVOISIN. For Self-Instruction. With introductory English verbal translaDemy 8vo., 100 pp., cloth flush ... tion, and numerous notes. 1/6 and Families. Counterfoils in English. Poesies de I'Enfance, Choisies, by Francois LOUIS [French Voetry for Children, Selected.] 7th Edn. F'cap.Svo., 160pp. clth. 1/0 Rules of French Grammar at a Glance, by O. F. CAMPHUIS. For Teachers and Students. Being a summary of the difficulties of the language in a practical and simplified form, as a Textbook for use in the class, and in preparation for examinations. Demy 8vo., 84 pp., Do. wrapper ... ... ... ... ... ... do., cloth 1/0 1/6 (The), No. 1. By AJAX. ENGLISHContaining Pronunciation, Notes on Grammar, FRENCH. Time, Days, Dates, Greetings, On the Road, Correspondence, Requirements, Military, Naval and Red Cress Terms, Money, Size 6 x 3^. Weights and Measures. Sixth Edition. 1915. .. ... ... ... ... ... 3d< 24 pp.., coloured wrapper Language Manual Soldiers' ' Toujours Pret, by Toreau de MARNEY the Ideographic French Reader on Modern Scientific Principles. With Vocabulary. ... ... ... ... ... Crown 8vo., 104 pp., wrapper ... ; Do. Reader do., cloth (only). Crown 8 vo., 70 pp., wrapper 1/0 do, cloth Do. 1/6 2/0 1/6 ... 6d. Pret. Vocabulary or Key. Crown 8vo., wrapper " ToDJOUKS Pret " is the outcome of consiclerable experience on the simple and interesting part of the author iu teaching, and consists of a narrative, which occupies the right hand pages of the book, attention being drawn to the gender, number, tense, person, etc., by printing the portions of words in thick type. "The idea is novel, and will, we believe, prove successful."— r?i« Teacher's Times. Toujours Manual of Conversation. Practical (Marlborough's), English, FRENCH, German and Italian, in one book. Containing Travel Notes (Customs, Cycling, Motoring, &c.). Tables of Money, Pronunciation, Classified ConThe Numerals, versations, subjects arranged alphabetically. Weights and Measures, Washing List, Dictionary of Words in Fourth Edition. 1914. Crown 12mo., 152 pp., red daily use. ... ... ... ... ... 1/0 .wrapper, round corners Travellers' No. 1 green cloth, round corners Do., do., Do., do., leather, with tuck-in flap, ... ... round corners ... ... 1/6 ... ... 2/6 phrases are varied and well-chosen, and, wherever wo have tested them the renderings are correct, i'iiomatic, and trustworthy. Mav be recommended." The Daily Telegraph. "The London: E. MARLBOROUGH & Co., Publishers, 51, Old Bailey, E.G. — FRENCH GERMAN. {contd.). 11 Net Traveller's Practical Manual of Conversation. 1/6 iNo. 2 (uniform with Ni^l). English, FRENCH, German and Dutch. Second Edition. 1914. Crn. 12mt.., 152 pp., brown ... wrapper, round corners ... ... ... ... ... 1/0 Do. do., cloth Do. do., leather Child's German Book, The, An 1/6 .__. with tuck in by F. flap, round corners HAHN. excellent book for children, being the ... ... 2/6 8th Edition. 12mo., cloth 1/0 first step^tji a simple form. by Mathias MEISSNER. An improvement on Seidenstiicker and Ahn's Systemss. 23rd Edition. Demy 8vo., German Grammar, 230pp., cloth — Key ... 2/6 Exercises Crown Svo., sewed ... ... 1/0 German Self-Taught (Thimm's System). Entirely new and enlarged edition, revised by W. E. WEBEK, m.a. For learning the language by tlie Natural Method, with Phonetic Pronunciation. Containing Alphabet and Pronunciation, Notes on Articles, Gender, Accents, &c.. Classified Vocabularies, Conversational Phrases and Sentences, Travel Talk, Commercial, Trading, Naval and Mlitary Terras, Amusements, i'Motoring, Cycling, Photography, Tabes of Money with English and American Values, Weights and Jleasures, and illustration of German Coinage. Second Edition. 1916. Crn. Svo 148 pp., blue wrapper ... 1/0 to the , Do., do., red cloth 'Short and simple manual, aud commercial men." travellers German Grammar 1/6 ... supplying the The Times. Self-Taught, by W. practical E. needs of WEBER, m.a. Containmg Alphabet and Pronunciation, Rules of Grammar exemplified with Model Sentences, Auxiliary Verbs, Irregular Verbs, Exercises and Reading Lesi^oiis in German Characters, Facsimile of 1918. Crown German Handwriting. 8vo., 144 pp., blue Key by W. E. WEBER, German by Home Study, Alphabetical Vocabulary. wrapper 1/0 m.a. Crn. Svo, 40 pp., blue wrap. 6d. the above set of three books banded together in blue vvrajjper ... ... ... ... ... ...• 2/6 •• There will be found no more useful handbooks for all who desire to quickly acquire apractical kiiuwledMC of the German language uithoiit having to Icaru exiiau.st.ve vocabularies or complex rules of grammar." " The student's outfit will give anyone sufficient couversational power to carry them tiirough the conimou places of everyday li.e.— The Civil Service Gazette. London E. MARLBOROUGH & Co., Publishers, 51, Old Bailey, B.C. — — — — GERMAN 12 (contd.). Net German Self-Taught & Grammar with I^y. By W. E. "WEBER, The M.A. Crown set of books three bound one in volume. 8vo, 332 pp., green cloth 3/6 German and English Commercial Correspondence, MEISSNER. With Phraseology, by Mathias List of Merchandise, Com- mercial, Banking, Insurance, Shipping, Forwarding, Market, Telegraphic, Export and Import Terms, and Tables of German Money, Weights and ^Measures. New Revised and Enlarged Edition. 1905. Demy 8vo., 120 pp., fawn wrapper ... ... 1/0 Do. do., cloth 1/6 " For all having a correspondence in this language, the little text-book will be found very useful indeed." Liverpool Journal of Commerce. "We have tested the book and found Times. — Medical it of very great service." German Technical Words and Phrases, by C. A. THIMM and W. von KNOBLAUCH. An English-German and GermanEnglish Dictionary of Technical Words, Business, Aviation, Medical, Military, Shipping Terms and Phrases used in Commerce, Arts, Sciences, Professions and Trades. With appendix of Tables of Money, Weights and ]\Ieasures. Second Edition, 1913. 16mo., 224 pp., red cloth 2/6 "Will prove of the greatest service to all needing a thoroughly up-todate work of reference." Pitman's Jsurnal. '• It is a very complete usehil." little book, which will prove very generally EtigiiieeritKj. German Letter-Writer, Marlborough's Personal and Social (gcutschrv *)rtcf5tclln-) by F. FRANCK. Eevised and enlarged byJ.C. H. Schafhausen. Introduction: How a German Letter Titles of should be written The form of a German Letter. Secular Rank, of the Protestant Clergy, of Spiritual Rank (Roman Catholics), of Ladies. Idiomatic Phrases and Polite forms generally used at the beginning and end of letters. Letters Notes, Orders, Commissions, Applications and Replies, Invitations, Congratulations and Announcements, Painful Announcements and Condolences, Letters of Recommendation, of Thanks, Reproofs and Excuses, Friendly Letters and Enquiries, Descriptive Letters, Letters to Persons of High Rank, Letters of Celebrated German Authors. 1911. Crown 8vo., 128 pp., wrapper 1/0 ; — Do. do, cloth 1/6 do., Crowu 8vo., 80 pp., cloth Key to do. "We know no better collection of model letters than this. ... ... 1/0 ]5otli for continuation classes and for schools the book will have a high value." Journal of Edncaiion. London : E. MARLBOROUGH & Co., Publishers, 51, Old Bailey, E.G. — — GERMAN 13 {conuL). Net German Washing Book, men, and Families. Demy arranged. 8vo., by C. A. THIMM : for Ladies, Gentle- Counterfoils in English, alphabetically 6d. dark red wrapper HAHN, with the German Reading Book, by F. ConEnglish translation on the Hamiltonian System. taining a selection of Tales by celebrated German Authors, progressively arranged for use in Classes, or for self-study. Revised according to the new German Orthography. Edited by ... 1/0 1901. Crown 8vo., 101 pp., paper wrapper C. A. Thimm. Interlinear literal do, cloth Do. •• " If rightly used, the interlinear to the private student." method should prove 1/6 distinctly helpful Practical Teacher- (The), No. 2. By AJAX. ENGLISHContaining Pronunciation, Notes on Grammar, Time. Days, Dates, Greetings, On the Road, Correspondence, Requirements, Military, N wal, and Red Cross Terms, Words of Command, Numerals, Money, Weights and Measures. 3d. 24 pp., coloured wrapper Size 6 X 3^. Soldiers' Language Manual GERMAN. Manual of Conversation. Practical Traveller's No. 1 (Marlborough's) English, French, GERMAN,* Italian, in one book. Containing Travel Notes (Customs, Cycling, Motoring, &c.). Tables of Money, Pronunciation, Classified Conversations, subjects arranged alphabetically. The Numerals, Weights and Measures, Washing List, Dictionary of Words in daily use. Fourth Edition, 1914. Crown 12mo., 152 pp., red wrapper, •• 1/0 •• ••• ... ... ... ... round corners ... green cloth, round corners Do. do., Do. do., leather, with tuck-in flap, Practical Traveller's Manual of ... ... ... ... round corners 1/6 2/6 Conversation. No. 2 (uniform with No. 1). English, French, GERMAN, and Dutch. Second Edition, 1914. Crown 12mo., 152 pp., brown .•• 1/0 • .. ... ..... ... ... ... wrapper Do. do., cloth Do. do., leather 1/6 tuck in flap, round corners 2/6 meet every need of every traveller; but this little book, which is compact in form and can easily be carried in a jacket pocket, should be a valuable companion to many whose love oi European travel is greater than their knowledge of European languages."— 'iVie Field. " Will " This book is indispensable to all travellers, especially those visiting HoUand."— r?i<? Steamship. "There are a very large number of plain and practical everyday questions, which are used in daily conversations which are not found in many guides. Boekespreking. London: E. MARLBOROUGH & Co., Publishers, 51, Old Bailey, E.G. GERMAN 14 GREEK (eontd.). {Modern). Net MARLBOROUGH'S SERIES OF GERMAN CLASSICS. GOETHE. Egmont. [Kgmont, a Tragedy.] by by 0. von Woguern. 2nd Edition. With English Notes E'cajj. 8vo., cloth " These plays can be used for Class-Heading. grammatical, and exi)lanatory." The notes ... ... 1/6 are historical, Die Jungfrau von Orleans [The Maid of Orleans.], by Friedrich von SCHILLER. With English Notes by Mathias Meissner. 2nd. Edition. F'cap. 8vo., cloth ... ... Collection of celebrated Tales and Novels by Das von Scuderi, by G. T. A. Friiulcin Erzablung aus dem Zeitalter 2nd Edition. P'cap 8vo., cloth Der Hauskrieg, by Gottfried Der todte Gast, by Heinrich P'cap. 8vo., cloth ... 1/8 German Authors. HOFFMANN Ludwig's ... KINKEL 2nd Edition. Niederrhein. ... ... 12mo., cloth ZSCHOKKE. Vierzehnten. des ... ... ... ... 1/0 Eine Geschichte vom ... ... ... ... 1/0 Novelle. 2ndEdition. .... 1/0 "This selection has met with great success. The idea has been to choose only such as are in themselves excellent and entertaiiiiug." — Preface. Fabeln [Fables in prose and verse.] by Witli English ISotes by A. E. Hill. , " Of a classic simplicity. The following LESSING. F'cap. 8vo., cloth GERMAN PLAYS and may be easily acted. are specially adapted for School Reading, With English Notes by A. E. HILL. Der Blumenkranz. Der Eierdieb, by Christolph von 12uio., paper wrapper 1/0 Text-book for Government Examinations." ... ... ... ... ... SCHMID. ... ... 9d. Die Erdbeeren und Der kleine Kaminfeger, by Christolph von SCHMID 12mo., paper wrapper 9d. Emma, oder die kindliche Liebe, by Christolph von ... ... 12mo., paper wrapper ... Greek (Modern) Self-Taught (Thimm's System. SCHMID. .. In ... 9d. Greek By Nicolaos Ai\ ASTASSi OU, lialki. With de dplimie du CuJiege Grec Bacheiicr Elementary Grammar; Commercial, Pnrases and L'lalogues and itoiuan Cliaracters). ; and Keliyious Terms; Travel Talk; Amusements; Tables of Money with English Tradii.g, Arcbajological Phoiogiapliy London: E. ; MARLbOROUGH & Co., Publishers, 51, Old Bailey, t.C. GREEK {Modern) HINDUSTANL (dontd.) 15 Net and American values and illuetration Weights and Treasures. Third Edition. Crown 8vo., 120 pp., blue wrapper ... Do. of Greak Coinage; 1916. 2/0 do., red cloth 2/6 Self -Taught The book gives the words of the purist as well as of the popular sneech. The latter will he very serviceable for travellers in Greece. The former we recoininend to candidates for "Greek (Mo'lern) Smails.— O/-/0/T?. Ma(jazine. "The vocabularies and dialogues are exactly what the beginner needs, and those who've class cal Greek is gettin-i a little rusty will find this little voluMie delightfully fresh and interesting, recalli'ig a tiieat deal that tliey had nearly forgotten. Krp rtn Cre /«. We have tried it ourselves and can heartily recomiuend it.— The Preibiiter^an. Modern Greek Grammar, by VLACHOS. (See page 23). HINDUSTANI. Hindustani Self-Taught, by Capt. C. A. THIMM in Homan characters. Hindustani Text Revised by Professor J. F. Blumhardt, m.a., m.ii.a.s., Professor of Hindustani at the London University. With English Piionetic Pronunciation. Containing Vocabularies; Conversations; Colloquial and Idiomatic Phrases Travel Talk; Naval, Military, Legal, Judicial, Religious. Commercial, Shooting and Pishing Terms Indian Titles, Castes and Servants: Tables of Money, Weights and Measures, &c. Fifth Edition. 1915. Crovyn 8vo., 112pp., blue wrapper ... 2/0 ; ; Do. do., red cloth 2/6 " It is sufficient to sav that this clear and concise little work on Hindustani is we 1 up to the high standard of those which have preceded it the book should proveof the greatest value."— 2Vie Statenmaii, Calcutta. . Hindustani Grammar Revised _ by BILGRAMI, . THIMM. SAYYID 'ALI Self-Taught, by Capt. C. A. SHAMS'UL . . 'ULAMA M.A. Cnntnh., ll.b., Afsoc. k.s.m. London, m.r.a.s. A Simplified Grammar, Alphabet, Rules of Grammar, and Parts of Speech, &c. II. Exercises and Examination Papers, Reading Lessons, with Translations. III. The Vernacular, Hindiistani Penmanship, Phrases, Extracts from Classical (Urdu) Authors. IV. Key and Dictionary of Words, &c. Third Edition. 1916. Crown 8vo., 120 pp., blue wrapper ... 2/0 Containing: Do. I. do., red cloth 2/6 "The essential shown points and rules of Hindfistani Grammar are admirably in a concise and simple form."— Madras Mail. Hindustani Self-Taught and Grammar (in one volume). 8vo., 282 p.p., red cloth London: E. MARLBOROUGH & Crown 5/0 Co., Publishers, 51, Old Bailey, E.G. HUNGARIAN. 16 ITALIAN. HUNGARIAN.COUNT Hungarian Self-Taught (Tliimm's System) by bOISSONS. With Phonetic Pronunciation. the Net de Containing The Alphabet, Preliminary Notes', Vocabularies, Elementary Grammar, l*.tunology, ]Modes of Address, Conversational Phrases and Sentence^", Travel Talk, Commercial and Trading, Legal, lieligious Terms and Phrases. Cycling, Photography, Amusements, Money with illustration of Hungarian Coinage and English and American 1910. Pleasures, Postal Rates, &c. values, Weights and 2/0 Crown 8vo., 112 pp., blue wrapper Do. 2/6 do., red cloth ITALIAN. Entirely new and (Tliimm's System). Italian Self-Taught VECCHIA. For enlarged edition. Revised by G. learning the languHge by the Natural Method, with Phonetic Pronunciation. Contaming Alphabet and ironunoiation, Notes on Articles, Gender, Accent, &c. Classified Vocabularies; Conversational Phrases and Sentences; Travel Talk; Commercial, Trading, Naval and Military Terms, Amusements, I\Iotoring, Cycling, Photography, Musical Terms, Tables of Money with English and American Values, Weights and Measures, and 1911. Crown 8vo., 152 pp., illustration of Italian Coinage. ••• ••• ... 1/0 ... ... ... ... ... blue wrapper ... ... ... ••• ... ... 1/6 do., red cloth Do. DALLA ; PANAGULLI, By A. C. Italian Grammar Self-Taught. Principal of the London Scnool of Italian. Containing Alphabet, the Diiuble Consonants, Pronunciation, Accent, the Apostrophe, the Definite Article, Use of the Articles the Sub-tantive, Gender the Adjective; Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers; Indefinite Adjectives and Pronouns; Auxiliary, Regular, and Irregular Synoptical Table of the Three Conjugations. Reading Verbs. Lessons. Idiomatic Expressions. Alphabetical Vocabulary. 1916. ; ; Crown wrapper 8vo., 101 pp., blue 1/6 Key to Exercises. By 32 np., blue wrapper Italian 1/0 do., cloth Do. A. C. ... ... PANAGULLI. ... VECCHIA Crown Italian by and A. C. •• ... Self-Taught and Grammar with Key. PANAGULLI. Crown By G. In 8vo., 285 pp., green cloth Bvo., • DALLA 6d. one volume. 3/6 Home The above set of three books banded Study. 2/6 together in blue wrapper Italian and English Commercial Correspondence, by E. S. and W. CHiiVOB MAURICE, Containing Model Phiases, Letters, Enquiries A.I.L., London. relating to Goods, Offers of Goods, Orders and their Execution, ROMERO-TODEbCO London: E. MAKLBOROUGH & Co., Publishers, 51, Old Bailey, E.C. — ITALIAN (contd.). JAPANESE, 17 Net Shipping Correspondence, Agencies, Situations, Financial Credit, Insurance of Goods. Finance Market Reports with Phrases. Announcements. Letters of Introduction. Complaints and Claims relating to Gocds. Drafts, Inland and Foreign. Commercial Terms and Abbreviations. Tables of ]\Ioney, Weights and Measures, &c., &c. 191.3. Demy 8vo., 128 pp., fawn wrapper ... ... ... ... ... 1/0 Do. do., cloth ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1^8 — 'Tail hardly fail to prove of valne in connpction with commercial correspondence. "^.S"?itpivt;i(/ Oazette & Lloyds Lint. Practical Manual of Conversation. (Marlborough's) English, French, German & ITALIAN, hi one book. Containing Travel Notes (Customs, Cycling, Motoring, &c.). Tables of Money, Pronunciation, Classified Conversations, sui)jects arranged alphabetically. The Numerals, Weights and Traveller's No 1 Measures, Washing List, Dictionary of Words in daily use. 4th Edition, 1914. Crn. 12mo, 152 pp., round corners, red wrap. 1/0 Do,, do. green cloth, round corners ... ... ... 1/6 , Do., Italian round corners, with tuck-in do., leather, Washing Book, byC. A. THIMM : flap ... 2/6 for Ladies, (gentlemen, and Families. Counterfoils in English, alphabetically arranged Demy 8 vo., dark red wrapper ... ... ... ... .:. ... 6d. 3 iliprnie:^^:. Japanese Self-Taught [Thimm's System In Roman Characters]. byW.J.S. SHAND, late Director, School of Japanese Language and Literature, London. With English Phonetic Pronunciation. Containing The Syllabary Classified Vocabularies and Conversations; Travelling, Commercial and Trading, Naval, Military and Religious Terms and Phrases; the Numerals; IMoney with illustration of Japanese coinage, Weights and Measures, Postage, &c. Second Edition. 1915. Crown Bvo., 96 pp., ; blue wrapper ... ... do., red cloth Do. ... ... Japanese Grammar Self-Taught, by H. ... J. ... ... WEINTZ in ... 2/0 2/6 Roman Characters. Containing I. Grammar and Syntax, with Pronunciation, Native Japanese characters, &c. II. Exercises and Extracts. 1. Exercises for Translation, with Key. 2. Reading Exercises, with Pronunciation and Translation. 3. Japanese Extracts, with Key. III. Vocabularies (alphabetical), JapaneseEnglish and English-Japanese, Money, Weights and Measures. Second Edition. 1907. Crown 8vo., 184 pp., blue wrapper ... 4/0 Do. ... ... ... do., red cloth ... ... ... 5/0 : — "It is luuiinous without being too elaborate ... It is, In fine, the best work that we have met with for a very long time." bit of scholastic Coal and Iron. Japanese Self-Taught and Grammar, London; E. MARLBOROUGH & in one volume. Co., Publishers, 51, Cloth ... 7/6 Old Bailey, E.G. — 18 NORWEGIAN. LATIN. PERSIAN. LATIN. Net TOPHAM Latin Self-Taught (Thimm's System), by J. (Barristerat-La\v). For learning the language by the natural method. With Phonetic Pronunciation. Containing Classified Vocabularies; Numerals Medical. Prescriptional, Dispensing, Legal and Religious Terms and Phrases Quotations, Inscriptions, Mottoes, ; ; Proverbs, etc., etc. Grammar, Construing, Abbreviations(Degrees, Titles, Distinctions, etc.). Second Edition. 1915. Crn. 8vo, ... ... 144 pp., blue wrapper ... ... ... ... ... 1/0 Do. do., red cloth " The vocahularies appear to be well assorted, the grammar is concise and sufficient, and the phra-;e8, oidinary and professional, including 1/& medical, will be found useful. "—'i'/ie Lancet. THIMM. Revised and EnC. A. With Phonetic Pronunciation. larged by P. Th. Containing Vocabularies, Elementary Grammar, Conversations, Phrases and Sentences, Forms of Letters, Commercial, Legal and Religious Terms, Travel Talk, Motoring, Cycling, Photography, Fishing, Shooting, Amusements, INEoney with illustration of Norwegian coinage and English and American values, Weights and Measures. Fifth Edition. 1912. Crown 8vo., 128 pp., ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 2/0 blue wrapper Norwegian Self-Taught, by HANSSEN. . Do. . do., red cloth 2/6- "It contains just those words which are likely to prove useful to a traveller in Norway. The phrases are manv and convenient, and wherever a Norwegian word is used its pronunciation is given under a simple system, so that che reader should have no difficulty in pronouncing the word so as to be understood." The Lancet. Norwegian Washing Book, byC. A. THIMM for Ladies, GentleCounterfoils in English, alphabetically 6d^ ... ... ... ... Bvo., dark red wrapper : men, and Families. Demy arranged. I>ERSIi3LN. Persian Self-Taught, SHEYKH HASAN. by In Roman Characters], witli English Phonetic Pronunciation. Containing The Persian Alphabet, Transliteration and Pronunciation; Outline of Grammar with Persian Characters; Classified VocabuTravel Talk Trade and Commerce laries and Conversations Post Office and Correspondence; Illustration of the Persian Coinage; Persian Handwriting; The Numerals, Money with ; - — ; ; English and American values. Weights and Measures. 1909. .•• ••• 2/0 ... ... ... Crown Bvo., 9G pp., blue wrapper Do., do., red cloth ... ... ... ... •• ••• 2,6- a most welcome addition to the Self-Tanght Srrie6.' Those who flei're to acquire a colloquial and practical knowledge, and to all such we gladly recommend this very useful little book."— ^Z'/ta Farsi, " This B-ymba London: E. is ' . MARLBOROUGH & Co., Publishers, 51, Old Bailey, E.G. RUSSIAN. PORTUGUESE. SINHALESE. 19 I>ORXXJOUESES. Net Portuguese Self-Taught (Thimm's System), by E. da CUNHA. Vocabularies, Containing With Phonetic Pronunciation. Elementary Grammar, Conversational Phrases and Sentences, Commercial, Tradnig, Legal, and Religious Terms, Travel Talk, Cycling, Motoring, Photograpriy, Amusements, Tables of Money, Weights and Measures, Ac. Skcond Edition. 1912. Crown 8vo., 2/0 120 pp., blue wrapper Do. 2/6 do., red cloth Portuguese Washing Book, by men & Families. E da CUNHA Portuguese Grammar, by L. de CABANO : for Ladies, Gentle- Demy 8vo., wrapper Counterfoils in English. 6d. (See page 23.) RUSSIAN. Russian Self-Taught,by C. A THIMM and J. MARSH ALL, m. a. With English Phonetic In Russian and l-ioman Characters. Pronunciation Containing Vocabularies of words in general use; Elementary Grammar; Colloquial and Idiomatic Phrases; Travel Talk; Cycling, Photographic, Shooting, Fishing, Naval, Military, Commercial and Trading Terms and Conversations; Tables of Money with illustration of Russian coinage and English and American values, Weiglits and Measures. Fifth Edition. 1915. Crown 8vo., 134 pp., blue wrapper ... 2/0 Do. men & 2/6 do., red cloth Russian Washing Book, by Families. THIMM: C. A. Counterfoils in Engli-sh. Russian Grammar, by F. ALEXANDROW. Russian & English Dialogues, by F. Gentle- for Ladies, Demy Bvo., (See page wrapper 6d 23.) ALEXANDROW cloth ... 2/0 SIISJIHLALESE. WICKREM ASINSinhalese Self-Taught, by Don M. de Zilva GHE,M.A.,Epigraphist to tlieCeyion Government. JuSinhalese& Roman chaiaclers, with the English Phonetic Pronunciation. Containing the Sinhalese Alphabet, with transliteration and phonetic signs used; CI i si tied Vocabularies and Conversations; Outline of Grammar; Terms and Phrases for Travel, Commerce, Planting, Public Works, Fishing and Shouting, &c.; Numerals, Money, Weights and Measures, Postal Rates. 1916. ... ... ••. ... 2/0 Crown 8vo, 119 pages, blue wrapper Do. London: E. ^/6 do., red cloth MARLBOROUGH & Co., Publishers, 51, Old Bailey, E.C SWEDISH. SPANISH. 20 Si^ANISH. Net Spanish Self-Taught (Thirnm's System). Entirely now and enlarged edition, lievised by ANDRES J. R. V. GARCIA (Principal o the Garcia School of Languages. For learning tlie language by the Containing Natural l^Iethod, with Phonetic Pronunciation. Alphabet and Pronunciation, Notes on Articles, Gender, Accent, &c.. Classified Vocabularies, Conversational Phrases and Sentences, Correspondence, Travel Talk, Commercial, Naval and I\Iilitary Terms, Amusements, Motoring, Cycling, Photography, Tables of Moneys with English and American Values, Weights and Measures. Illustration of Spanish Coinage. Vocabularies 1916. Crown 8vo., 152 pp., blue wrapper I/O for Canary Islands. Do. 1/6' do., red cloth Self-Taught, by A. J.R.V. GARCIA. Containing the -Alphabet and Pronunciation, Notes on Accent, Punctua- Spanish Grammar tion, Capitals, &c., &c.; thirty-five Lessons, consisting of clearly sta^jd Rules of Grammar, with abundant exemplary Sentences, Vocabularies, and Exercises in translation into Spanish ; also a full, alphabetical, English-Spanish Vocabulary of the words ... 1/0 used in the Exercises. 1917. Crown 8vo. blue wrapper 1/6 do., red cloth Do. Key to Spanish Grammar Self-Taught. Crown 8vo, blue wrapper 6d. very , Spanish Self-Taught and Grammar with Key. In one volume. ••• 3/6 •• ••• ... .. ... Crown Bvo., green cloth Spanish by Home Study. (Three books, banded together: Spanish Self-Taught, Grammar, and Key.) Crown Bvo., blue wrapper ... 2/9' Spanish and SALVO English Commercial Correspondence, by D. With Phraseology, Alphabetical List of Merchandise, Commercial Terms, and Tables of Money, Weights and Measures, for Commercial Institutions and for practical use in the Counting Demy Bvo., 1909. Revised and Enlarged Edition. House 1/" fawn wrapper 1/6do., cloth Do. Spanish Grammar, by D. SALVO (See page 2.3.) TOLRA Spanish and English Dialogues (New) by cloth and D. Spanish Washing Book, by C. A. THIMM: y FORNES BOWMAN, men & Families. Counterfoils in English. Swedish Self-Taught, by C. A. THIMM & W. Z/O- for Ladies, GentleBvo., wrapper 6d. Demy F. HARVEY, m.a. Carl Cederlof, with English Phonetic Pronunciation. Containing Classified Vocabularies, Colloquial and Idiomatic Phrases and Conversations; Elementary Grammar Travel Talk; Cycling Photographic, Shooting, Fishing, Money, Revised London :E. by MARLBOROUGH & Co., Publishers, 51, Old Bailey, EX. SWEDISH 21 TAMIL (contd.). Net with English and American Values and Illustration of Swedish Coinage Weights and Measures Second Edition. 1908. Crown 8vo., 100 pp., blue wrapper 2/0 ; 2/6 do., red cloth Do. A stndent could easily make considerable headway with Swedish, even in the absence of a living instructor."— r7ie Schoolmaster. " Swedish Grammar, by C. LENSTROM Swedish and English Dialogues, by C. (Seepage 23.) LENSTROM, cloth ... 2/0 Swedish Washing Book,by C. A. THIMM for Ladies. Gentlemen, & Families. Counterfoils in English. Demy 8vo., wrapper 6d. " A great boon to families and others."— Weldan's Ladies' Journal. : Tamil Self-Taught, by Don M. de Zilva WICKREM ASINGHE, Epigraphist to the Ceylon Government. In Roman characters, The Containing Pronunciation. Phonetic with English Classified Vocabularies and Conversations EnglishAlphabet Vocabulary; Travelling, Commercial, Alphabetical Tamil Official, Planting, Shooting and Fishing Terms and Phrases Numerals, Money, Weights and Measures. Second Edition. 1911. Crown 8vo,, 96 pp., blue wrapper ... 2/0 ; ; ; •• ••• ••• ... ... ... Do., do., red cloth " For ourselves, we think it a capital little introduction to the study of and the language, which should prove exceedingly useful to planters others "—The Ceylon Church Missinnari/ Gleaner. " have pleasure in recommending the book to students, officers, civil servants, traders, travellers, and all others who desire to acquire an excellent grounding in Tamil."— Ceylon Catholic Mest^enfjer. 2/6 We Tamil Grammar Self-Taught. by Don M. Zilva de WICKRE- MASINGHE. In Tamil and Roman Characters. Containing Grammar and Syntax. Alphabet and Pronunciation. Tamil I. Characters Transliteration. Parts of Speech. Rules of Syntax. III.— TamilExercises in Tamil and English, with Key. II. 1906. English Vocabulary, Alphabetically arranged. .•• ... ... ... 4/0 Crown 8vo., 120 pp., blue wrapper ... — — do., red cloth ^Do. "Is a great improvement on any attempt of the kind which has preceded it, and will without the slightest doubt be found very uselul by anyone wishing to take up Tamil, either merely for acquiring a colloquial and conversational knowledge of it. or with the intention of entering udou a thorough study of the language and its literature. The book is miles ahead of anything that has been attempted in this direc- tion before." — The Times of 5/0 Ceylon. In one volume. Crown 8vo., 7/6 216 pp., red cloth " With these two volumes the English student should be able to obtain a fair mastery of the Tamil language, even without a teacher."— Ce^/ZoJi Tamil Self-Taught and Grammar. Observer. London: E. MARLBOROUGH & Co , PubUshers, 51, Old Bailey, B.C. 24 SELECTED DICTIONARIES. Selected Dictionaries. •Dictionaries marl<ed with an asterisk (*) are obtained only to order. ARABIC. •BADGER (G. P). •LANE (E. W.). English-Arabic Lexicon. Imperial 4to. Net£i/4/ Arabic-English Lexicon, derived from tlie best and most copious Eastern sources. cloth. £10. The set offered for •SALMON E vols. Royal 4to., Net £4/4 Arabic-English Dictionary, with English Post 8vo., cloth Net 36/0 (Dr. F.). Students' Arabic-English Dictionary. (H. A.). Two Index. Eight vols. •STh-INGASS Demy 8vo., cloth • 50/0 Englihh-Arabic Dictionary, Demy transliterated. •WOR TABET (W. S.) Roman characters). in Arabic characters and 8vo., cloth 28/0 Arabic-English Dictionary(in Arabic and Royal Bvo., half-bound Net 21/0 BURMESE. •JUDSON (A.), Dictionary. STEVENSON (R. PHliMNEV • C). Burmese-English Royal Svo. English Burmese • (P. Half-bound D.) and EVELETH English- Burmese and Burmese-English Oblong 8vo., cloth Net 27/6 Net 27/6 (Rev. P. Pocket tionary. H.). 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Net cloth (C.) 3/6 1/0 1/4 4/0 1/3 Pronouncing, Explanatory, 20th Century Dictionary. Etymological. Wiih illustrations, 1,200 pages. Demy 8vo., cloth 3/6 J-bound English Dictionary (Large Type). 1,302 pages. 8vo., cloth J-Morocco COLLINS* "Graphic" English Dictionary. Net 5/0 Imp. Net 12/6 Net 18/0 1,302 pages, cloth Net 3/6 extra Home " " Largest type 1/- net Dictionary in the World. 40,000words. Crown 8vo., 720 pages Net 1/3 "Gem" Pocket Pronouncing Dictionary. Size 2^ x 4^. Net 1/0 608 pages. Long grain roan, red edges, round corners ... DAWSON English Dictionary. Dictionary of English Slai g and (A. H.) 32mo.,llhr. (Miniature Keference Library) Col Net 1/0 Standard Dictionary of the English Language, loquialisms. NUTTALL'S Revised by Rev. tion. J. WOOD. Large Crown •OGILVIE 100,000 references, with Pronuncia- 8vo., cloth ... ... ••• 3/6 LL.D. Student's English Dictionary. Illustrated, Cloth, Net, 6/0, Roxburgh, with Appendices. Lg. F'cap 4to. Net 12/6 10/6 Net, li-Morocco E. 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