The Essential Role of Nurse Anesthetists
Transcription
The Essential Role of Nurse Anesthetists
AnesthesiaNews Summer 2011 | Vol. 9.1 Newsletter of the Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care | University of California, San Francisco The Essential Role of Nurse Anesthetists CRNAs Leigh-Ann Langford and Mary Connolly working at Mt. Zion Hospital T here were no anesthesiologists in Waxahachie, Texas where Leigh-Ann Langford grew up. At the region’s small hospital – a satellite of Baylor Medical Center – certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs) were the sole anesthesia providers. One of the CRNAs, Dale Stevenson, was a close friend of Langford’s father. “For a very long time, my dad didn’t know that anyone other than CRNAs gave anesthesia,” says Langford, who today is a CRNA at UCSF Medical Center. Waxahachie’s anesthesia story is especially relevant today, because as UCSF Medical Center – like many of its counterparts – copes with increased demands for anesthesia and mandated cuts in residents’ hours, it is turning to CRNAs to help fill the gap. A Long History of Qualified Care In the United States, nurse anesthetists have been providing anesthesia care since the mid-nineteenth century and, today, CRNAs are either masters-prepared or doctoralprepared in anesthesia care. Their training and history signify that what went on in Waxahachie is hardly unusual, especially in rural areas. continued on page 4 A New Era in Pain Management | Tracking Sepsis | Ask the Expert | Peer Reviewed Publications AnesthesiaNews Summer 2011 | Vol. 9.1 1 The Essential Role of Nurse Anesthetists 2 From the Chairman 3 Tracking the ICU’s Serial Killer 4 A New Era in Pain Management 6 Resident Voices 7 Profile: Bradley Immanuel 8 Honors, Awards, Appointments 9 Ask the Expert: Jacqueline M. Leung, MD 10 Active Research Grants 12 Peer Reviewed Publications 2010-2011 16 Upcoming Events DEPARTMENT CHAIR EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Mervyn Maze, MB ChB EXECUTIVE EDITOR: Marge O’Halloran EDITOR: Morgen Ahearn DESIGNER: Laura Myers Design PRINCIPAL WRITER: Andrew Schwartz PHOTOGRAPHERS: Christine Jegan, Brad Immanuel, Marco Sanchez, Brant Ward Anesthesia News is published by the UCSF Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care 521 Parnassus Avenue Room C 450, Box 0648 San Francisco, CA 94143-0648 415/476-2131 FROM THE CHAIRMAN W hatever the flaws or merits of health care reform (Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act), the ongoing debate has focused my attention on the concept of health care value: optimally addressing patients’ presenting complaints, avoiding excess services, seamless transitions amongst care providers, preventing new health concerns, returning patients to functional lives, and averting readmissions. This renewed emphasis on value has powerful implications for anesthesiologists. Consider the case of a patient whose arthritic knee has caused her debilitating pain for months to the extent that her shopping tasks are no longer performed without assistance. After entering the hospital, her surgeon completes a terrific knee replacement and she leaves relatively pain-free, with a knee able to move in all the right directions. By traditional measures, that’s high value care in which surrogate markers have been used to measure outcome. But what if the care plan – from pre-op through post-discharge care – didn’t fully account for a variety of patient risk factors? What if the patient left the hospital cognitively impaired, and became more dependent on others to accomplish the activities of daily living? Is the patient better off than when she entered the hospital? Have costs or efficiency improved if the episode initiated an escalating need for other health care services? In the hospital, anesthesiologists are the care providers best positioned to enhance value by orchestrating the episode of surgical care and taking a holistic view of the outcome. Many of the articles in this issue of the newsletter make clear why we must assume this responsibility. Sepsis, pain, and the onset of cognitive dysfunction result from a complex set of factors that are beyond the reach of neat care silos. If anesthesiologists don’t guard against them across the entire hospital stay, no one will. We can work more closely with primary care providers before admission, bring together the plans of other care providers into one comprehensive plan, and communicate more effectively so that all of us are cognizant of the risks that need to be mitigated before, during, and after each surgical procedure. At an academic medical center like UCSF, we also can see that our resources and educational programs are geared towards creating value. Of course, for many of us, the commitment to value is not new. But if we are to continue to meet that commitment effectively, we have to adapt to an evolving system. For anesthesiologists, that means accepting more responsibility for orchestrating each surgical patient’s entire episode of hospital care and linking these episodes seamlessly to primary care. http://anesthesia.ucsf.edu Send all inquiries to [email protected] ©2011 The Regents of the University of California Mervyn Maze, MB ChB Professor and Chair 2 UCSF Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care Tracking the ICU’s Serial Killer I n the intensive care unit – where UCSF anesthesiologist Judith Hellman, MD, does her clinical work – sepsis is the most feared and prolific killer. It’s no surprise then that Hellman spends her research hours tracking how the interactions between microorganisms and the body’s innate immune system lead to shock and organ dysfunction in sepsis. Hellman, the UCSF Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care’s Associate Director of Research, is particularly focused on activity in the endothelium, the thin layer of cells that lines the interior of blood vessels. A recipient of an NIH RO1 grant funded through the ARRA program, as of this writing Hellman has a major paper on endothelium and sepsis in the January 2011 issue of the Journal of Immunology. A Career Spent Homing in on Sepsis Though she grew up in New York City, her family’s San Francisco roots eventually drew Hellman to UC Berkeley where she majored in microbiology; she then attended medical school at Columbia. “I thought I wanted to do medical research, but when I walked through the ICU during a medical school surgery rotation, I became excited about what goes on there, and eventually decided to become an ICU physician,” she says. Then, she completed residencies at the heart of sepsis-induced organ in both internal medicine at Oregon failure.” Health Sciences University and That insight led to her current projects, anesthesia at Massachusetts General where Hellman is studying the role of Hospital. At Mass General, her Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR2 department chair discovered agonists. TLRs are proteins her microbiology background that serve as surface and referred her to the lab of receptors on many cells, H. Shaw Warren, MD, an including leukocytes and the infectious disease physician endothelium; they recognize and sepsis researcher. parts of bacteria – the TLR “It all sort of came together agonists – and decide how at that point – microbiology, to react. This sets off a intensive care, sepsis,” says complex inflammatory Hellman. After an intensive cascade, which leads to care fellowship, also at Mass coagulopathy, vascular leak, Judith Hellman General, Hellman moved on and, eventually, sepsisto do post-doctoral work in induced organ failure. Warren’s lab on a T-32 training grant. Defining these cellular and chemical interactions is complicated enough, A Convoluted, Contradictory but the challenge for Hellman is to then Disease Process make sense of their effects on human health. On the one hand many responses As she began her own research career, Hellman originally focused on lipoproteins in sepsis have important roles in clearing infection and healing; on the other hand that are present in the bacteria that they can initiate fatal shock and organ cause sepsis and get released when failure. Hellman hopes to understand infections are present. the cellular interactions well enough to “Then, in my clinical work, I was target the harmful effects, without struck by the complex bleeding and undermining beneficial effects, such as clotting derangements that occur in eradication of the infection. patients with sepsis,” says Hellman. “You can’t get paralyzed by the “I couldn’t help but think that processes complexity,” she says. “You just have to that occur in the endothelium, which is accept it can take many years to achieve important in coagulation homeostasis the goal.” and is activated in sepsis, might be “I couldn’t help but think that processes that occur in the endothelium, which is important in coagulation homeostasis and is activated in sepsis, might be at the heart of sepsis-induced organ failure.” Anesthesia News | Summer 2011 3 The Essential Role of Nurse Anesthetists continued from front page Since 2009, California has been an “opt out” state allowing CRNAs to practice without physician supervision. At UCSF, however, hospital policy dictates that they practice under the “medical direction” of an anesthesiologist. At UCSF, CRNAs administer both general and regional anesthesia in the OR as well as in non-OR settings that include MRI, neuro-angiography, the endoscopy suite, the cardiac catheterization lab, and the electrophysiology lab. The ratio of CRNAs to anesthesiologists during a shift is typically 2:1. The only areas where CRNAs do not practice at UCSF are the intensive care unit, obstetrics, open-heart surgery, liver transplant, and the pain services. “Some of what limits our practice at a teaching hospital is that these other services offer more of the experiences residents need,” says CRNA Ann Crowley. Pleasures and Challenges Both Crowley and Langford enjoy their work, but also know they face significant challenges, as any anesthesiologist can attest. “Surgical anesthesia requires that we maintain the patient’s homeostasis in a profoundly altered state. That’s our job, but it can be very stressful,” says Crowley. “Also, many patients don’t even know we exist,” laughs Langford. “Frequently we have to explain what our profession is, despite it being over a century old. Although, this gets old after awhile, it is an opportunity to educate the community about the CRNA profession.” But there are many rewards as well. For one, “I think our faculty enjoy working with us,” says Crowley. “And UCSF is a vibrant university medical center, with a lot to learn – and everyone is interested in teaching,” says Langford. “In that environment, you don’t have to make as big of an effort to seek out cutting edge anesthesia practice. It’s all right here.” “Many patients don’t even know we exist. Frequently we have to explain what our profession is, despite it being over a century old.” 4 UCSF Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care A New Era T he past decade has seen significant advances in the management of both acute and chronic pain, as physicians scramble to respond to patients’ pain complaints, safety and regulatory demands, and the need to reduce hospital readmissions. “Effective pain management has come front and center,” says Director of Pain Medicine Mark Schumacher, PhD, MD, from the UCSF Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care. “Yet pain management is notoriously complex, often touching on multiple sub-specialty areas across care settings.” To address that complexity and ensure all patients receive the highest quality care and outpatient follow up, Schumacher and Chair of the Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care Mervyn Maze, MB ChB, are working both within Anesthesia and with other departments to craft a unified approach to pain management. The initial effort will include Interventional Radiology, Neurology, Neurosurgery, Obstetrics-Gynecology, Orthopedics, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Palliative Care and Pharmacy. “Effective pain management has come front and center. Yet pain management is notoriously complex, often touching on multiple sub-specialty areas across care settings.” in Pain Management “The goal is to create a Pain Medicine Consortium that will coordinate pain management across all medical center services – outpatient, inpatient, and follow-up care – both now, and at the future Women’s, Children’s and Cancer Centers at Mission Bay,” says Schumacher. More Effective Use of Pain Management Expertise As at many other institutions, UCSF pain management services have grown in response to patient needs. At the Parnassus and Mount Zion hospitals, what began as a post-operative acute pain service now includes inpatient chronic pain management for patients admitted or readmitted due to poorly controlled pain. In theory, the outpatient UCSF Pain Management Center – with its dedicated, multidisciplinary faculty – complements the two inpatient services but, understandably, the services can overlap. In an effort to more effectively deploy the department’s expertise, Schumacher has refocused the Parnassus and Mount Zion pain services towards acute post-operative care, while making a team of dedicated faculty many of them developed or advanced in from the outpatient Pain Management part at UCSF. Among them: gabapentin Center available at both inpatient for neuropathic and post-operative hospitals for chronic pain management pain; the use of capsaicin for blocking care and consultations. pain at its source, including “The chronic pain team cancer pain; use of fosters continuous care, low-dose ketamine for either by working with patients who have built a referring physicians on a resistance to narcotic long-term plan or by following analgesics; and intravenous patients back to the Pain lidocaine for post-operative Management Center,” says pain reduction. Schumacher. “And as efforts “Whether through proceed to unify pain optimizing more established medicine at UCSF, the regional and interventional Mark Schumacher multi-modality Center techniques or integration will continue to provide an of novel non-narcotic pain important anchor for patients suffering management strategies, we will more from chronic painful conditions.” safely and effectively manage patients’ pain complaints,” says Schumacher. Translating Research, To that end, he believes that Disseminating Knowledge centralizing pain management expertise will also help disseminate that expertise “Perhaps the most exciting part of to others. “There’s no way one forming a Pain Medicine Consortium is physician or team can manage all pain how it can help bring the work of the patients at UCSF, but we can now many world-class pain researchers at do a better job of working with other UCSF directly to patients’ bedsides,” physicians, physician trainees, nurses, says Schumacher. and pharmacists on emerging pain That work includes a number of management strategies.” unconventional, non-opioid therapies, Anesthesia News | Summer 2011 5 ResidentVoices The UCSF Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care offers a unique educational experience for residents and fellows, with options to pursue a variety of tracks. Below, in their own voices, are two physicians in the Anesthesia Research Scholars program and two enrolled in the UCSF-wide Global Health Clinical Scholars program. Paul Riegelhaupt Intern, Research Scholars Track I’ve always been a math and science nerd. I went to Albert Einstein College of Medicine for an MD/PhD, more to be a scientist than a doctor, but then fell in love with being a doctor, and decided I wanted both. I found anesthesia while studying the GABA receptor for my thesis project. My work was focused on the molecular structure of protein transporters on membranes, which certainly come into play in anesthesia, so it was an easy transition for me. I came to UCSF because they put it all together here: research, clinical excellence, and a great place to live. They understand what it takes to get started as a clinical scientist and they foster your growth with outstanding people and more long-term support than other residency programs. The department believes that research matters and they’re dedicated to supporting it. In my med school essay, I told a story of a guy who keeps jumping into the water to save people from drowning.... I want to be the guy who figures out who’s throwing all the people in the water; I’m really turned on by figuring out the mechanisms of disease and using that to fuel medical innovation. Catherine Chen Intern, Research Scholars Track My dad is an oncologist and I always wanted to be a doctor. But in my senior year at Rice (BA in English), I decided not to apply to medical school right away; instead I went to New York and spent three years doing investment banking. Within the first year, I knew being a physician better matched my gifts and interests. I wound up getting into Johns Hopkins, where I had a surgeon mentor (Marty Makary, MD, MPH) who does a lot of research on patient safety and outcomes. While I was writing a book chapter for him, I realized that anesthesiologists have been doing this patient safety/quality of care thing longer than other specialties. Also, I had done my anesthesia rotation early – and loved it. I was attracted to UCSF Anesthesia because of all the research history and because of the research track. The way the track is integrated throughout your residency lets you develop relationships over time, rather than starting from scratch on day one of a fellowship. And I like that this internship year has been balanced and doable; I really appreciate the thought given to the rotations, electives and schedules. I would like to focus my research on the perioperative setting – and look at the system as a whole to see what types of things can make patients safer. There are so many subtleties and niches in patient safety that I don’t know where I’ll end up, but one goal is to come up with new ways to measure quality and the impact of the interventions we propose. Kristine Breyer Global Health Scholar My interest in global health began as an undergraduate at the University of Colorado. Then, I attended medical school at Loyola University in Chicago, which really promotes working with underserved populations and gave me the opportunity to work at a free clinic on Chicago’s West Side and go on a medical trip to rural Guatemala. I initially came to UCSF in 2006 as a plastic surgery resident, but made a career change into anesthesia in 2009. The Anesthesia Department has given me the opportunity to take part in the Global Health Scholars Program, a unique program through UCSF’s Institute of Global Health where residents and graduate students participate in course work and develop research projects in the global health sciences. For my project I want to combine my backgrounds in surgery and anesthesia training to look at perioperative trauma outcomes and create systems changes 6 UCSF Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care to improve those outcomes, because injury from trauma is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. My long-term goals are to investigate and use systems changes and education to improve our ability to care for all perioperative patients in developing countries. UCSF has a strong relationship with a university hospital in Uganda and we are in touch with a network of people in Uganda who are excited to collaborate with us. We will begin with an observational study and then work together to design systems change that could help improve perioperative trauma outcomes. We are not going to Uganda to impose changes on their medical system, but as collaborative partners. It’s their hospital, their country. Sarah Gebauer Global Health Scholar I grew up in Texas and was a Spanish major at Emory University, in part because I knew I wanted to do global health work. My grandmother had done medical and legal work in Guatemala, and that made us think about helping people outside of our small bubble. Then I went to Stanford for medical school, where I had some great mentors who took me to Guatemala to work with local health promoters. I chose anesthesiology, because I really like the people and it offers a good mix of hands-on activities: critical care, pain medicine – there are lots of options, lots of ways for your life to look. I’m looking forward to my palliative care fellowship at San Diego Hospice next year. I chose UCSF, because I was very impressed by the quality of the clinical training and the interest of the faculty in the projects they were doing. When I came here, I was hoping to continue my interest in global health and the program directors were nice enough to let me apply. (Before I became pregnant), I was planning a project looking at cleft palate repair in Nepal, with Dr. (George) Gregory, looking at complication rates and other outcomes there. Now I’ll fulfill my requirements by creating an online education module for the Global Health Education Consortium. I still plan to make global health an important part of my career. Profile: Bradley Immanuel In challenging economic times, Bradley Immanuel oversaw dramatic change in the Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care’s information technology operations. An amateur photographer who takes about 30,000 photos each year – and an avid bicyclist – Immanuel lives in San Francisco with his wife Catherine and his two sons Lucas, 7, and Jonah, 3. How did you come to be director of IT for the UCSF Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care? After graduating from Pepperdine University with a political science degree, I spent five years working for a nonprofit doing economic development in Russia. But it was a small operation and I often found myself acting as the computer fix-it guy. I’ve spent the last nine years in the department’s IT unit and have really enjoyed it. I was given the chance to build on successes and learn from failures; I would not have had that chance in most other organizations. How does the department’s IT unit currently operate? Our group does everything from helping a faculty member check email to creating programs that facilitate professional fee billing to serving as liaison to other campus IT groups. We’re a kind of IT concierge; we make sure Anesthesia faculty and staff get what they want and need so IT problems don’t take away from their ability to do world-class patient care, research and education…. We spend about 50-60 percent of our time troubleshooting, and the rest creating new systems or electronic workflows. Some samples of Brad’s photography For example? For example, to help the department more accurately bill, we’ve created a confirmation solution that downloads data from the current EMR system. In our system, areas that often get missed – such as when someone forgets to document an Anesthesia event – bubble to the top. It also helps us see which faculty members worked with which residents, so we can know who is best prepared to do evaluations. There are also things like the no-fault reporting system we set up with Dr. Caldwell; for just a few hours of a programmer’s time the department has received a lot of benefit. But big changes are on the way? Yes. The Medical Center’s EMR is changing from PICIS and UCare to APeX. This will have a big effect on faculty and residents; our role will largely be to ensure our confirmation system works with APeX and to help faculty when they need to access APeX from their office. The bigger change for IT is the Chancellor’s Operational Excellence initiative – a response to state budget cuts. Up to now, IT at UCSF has been a series of small businesses and Anesthesia has had gold-plated service…Now we have to figure out how to make excellent service available to others without degrading our department’s ability to set our own IT agenda; we want to be able to continue providing specialized services to our faculty, staff and other department members. Anesthesia News | Summer 2011 7 HonorsAwardsAppointments FACULTY HONORS, AWARDS & APPOINTMENTS Jon Matthew Aldrich, MD ing software and hardware. Dr. Collins believes that hospital-based in-situ simulation programs will be a major part of the educational fabric of the UCSF and affiliated hospitals. CAMPUS AWARD: Adrian Gelb, MB ChB UCSF Academy of Medical Educators Excellence in Teaching Award, 2010 EXTRAMURAL AWARD: CAMPUS AWARD: Distinguished Service Award, Society for Neuroscience in Anesthesiology and Critical Care, 2010 William K. Hamilton Award for Excellence in Teaching, 2010-2011 Michael Gropper, MD, PhD CAMPUS APPOINTMENT: Matthias Braehler, MD UCSF Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care’s Executive Vice Chair, 2011 Pedram Aleshi, MD CAMPUS AWARD: Ronald D. Miller Award for Excellence in Junior Faculty Advising and Mentoring of Residents, 2010-2011 Jan Hirsch, MD CAMPUS AWARD: CAMPUS AWARD: UCSF Academy of Medical Educators Excellence in Teaching Award, 2010 UCSF Academy of Medical Educators Excellence in Teaching Award, 2010 Benjamin Houseman, MD, PhD CAMPUS AWARD: Neal Cohen, MD CAMPUS APPOINTMENT: UCSF Academy of Medical Educators Excellence in Teaching Award, 2010 Interim Vice Dean for Academic Affairs, 2011 CAMPUS AWARD: Lee-Lynn Chen, MD Eric Lin, MD UCSF Academy of Medical Educators Excellence in Teaching Award, 2010 Errol Lobo, MD, PhD CAMPUS AWARD: UCSF Exceptional Physician Award, 2011 Mervyn Maze, MB ChB CAMPUS APPOINTMENT: Adam Collins, MD (above) as part of a multidisciplinary team including Leslie Dubbin, RN, and Robert Mackersie, MD CAMPUS AWARD: Hearts Grant, SFGH, 2011 A Hearts grant for $92,500 was recently awarded to a multidisciplinary team at San Francisco General Hospital to initiate trauma team training and other courses to improve the delivery of patient care to the critically ill at SFGH. The grant awardees are Leslie Dubbin, RN, Robert Mackersie, MD, and Adam Collins, MD. The grant funds will be used to purchase a Laerdal SimMan 3G with accompany- The William K. Hamilton, MD, Distinguished Professorship Throughout his tenure at UCSF, Bill Hamilton was determined that while many anesthesia departments were held back by the yet undeveloped skills of anesthesiologists, his Department would proceed apace with other more established medical specialties. Not only did he succeed in this endeavor, but he was the force behind research discoveries that were implemented by all fields of medicine. A Distinguished Professorship within the Department of Anesthesia named for Dr. William K. Hamilton will recognize his past exemplary service, while signaling the promise that continued research, training and clinical care in anesthesiology at UCSF will spur the discoveries of tomorrow. — Text from the William K. Hamilton Distinguished Professorship brochure 8 UCSF Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care J. Renee Navarro, MD, PharmD CAMPUS APPOINTMENT: UCSF’s first Vice Chancellor for Diversity and Outreach, 2010 Mark Rollins, MD, PhD CAMPUS APPOINTMENT: Director of Fetal Anesthesia, UCSF Fetal Treatment Center, 2011 Arthur Wallace, MD, PhD CAMPUS APPOINTMENT: Vice Chair, UCSF Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, 2011 Chief, San Francisco Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Anesthesiology Service, 2011 Jenson Wong, MD CAMPUS APPOINTMENTS: Medical Director, Health Information Technology for San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, 2010 RESIDENT AWARDS Michele Arnold, MD CAMPUS AWARD: Stuart C. Cullen Award for Excellence during Residency, 2010-2011 Brad Cohn, MD CAMPUS AWARD: Julius R. Krevans Award for Clinical Excellence, SFGH, 2010 Madina Gerasimov, MD CAMPUS AWARD: Jeffrey A. Katz Award for Work Ethic and Professionalism during Residency, 2010-2011 Anuj Malhotra, MD CAMPUS AWARD: Mark A. Rosen Award for Scholarship during Residency, 2010-2011 POST-DOCTORAL SCHOLAR AWARD Niccolo Terrando, BSC, PhD EXTRAMURAL AWARD: 2nd Place, Best Abstract Prize Competition session at Euroanaesthesia 2010, for “Unraveling the interactions between postoperative infection, surgery, and inflammation in post-operative cognitive dysfunction” Ask the Expert: Jacqueline M. Leung, MD What can anesthesiologists do to decrease or prevent the occurrence of postoperative delirium? Delirium is currently conceptualized as a geriatric syndrome, which means that rather than the cause being disease in a single organ, a constellation of events likely contributes to delirium’s occurrence. For example, there are multiple patient-dependent risk factors for postoperative delirium, including: older age, lower educational level, impairment of cognitive status before surgery, and previous history of a central nervous system disorder. In addition, various baseline risk factors, including events that take place during the perioperative period, can be precipitating factors. Among the most important of these factors, studies have identified intraoperative blood loss, medications such as opioids, and postoperative pain. Risk Identification and Mitigation is Crucial Therefore, decreasing or preventing the occurrence of postoperative delirium begins with rigorous risk identification during the preoperative evaluation. Since cognitive status is not routinely evaluated in the preoperative period, it is probably indicated to add a limited cognitive screen such as the mini-cog (an assessment instrument that combines an uncued 3-item recall test with a clock-drawing test) to exclude pre-existent cognitive impairment. When an at-risk patient is identified, a collaborative, proactive approach is indicated, which can involve nursing, geriatrics, surgery, and pharmacy services. This multi-disciplinary approach might include: n early orientation upon anesthesia emergence, including having family members present in the post anesthesia recovery unit; n minimization of sensory deprivation by providing hearing and visual aids; n aggressive management of postoperative pain; consider the use of regional techniques for postoperative analgesia or the use of narcotic adjuvant to minimize the use of postoperative intravenous opioids; n and avoidance of multiple drugs, particularly those with central nervous system effects, such as drugs with anti-cholinergic properties and benzodiazepines. of hemoglobin and renal function in the early postoperative period are also indicated for at risk patients since hypoxemia, anemia and uremia are clearly avoidable and potentially reversible precipitating factors for delirium. The Role of Sleep Finally, though we have long suspected that sleep disruption is another major precipitating factor, routine use of sleep aids should be avoided. Instead, consider non-pharmacologic approaches, such as the practice of early mobilization and avoiding sleep disruption by minimizing nighttime vital signs measurements and procedures. Sleep disruption is particularly prevalent in the intensive care unit (ICU), and here again, non-pharmacologic interventions designed to aid a good night’s sleep may be essential for ultimately decreasing the occurrence of delirium. To that end, our department has organized a multi-disciplinary clinical study to address whether sleep disruption directly contributes to postoperative delirium in the ICU. Brain monitors will measure different sleep stages in the patients, and we will use a standardized measure for ICU delirium. We hope that this study will contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiology of delirium in the hospital and allow us to design effective strategies to prevent or minimize its occurrence. Other tactics can include monitoring for dehydration, bladder distention or ileus, and proactive prevention of falling injury by use of a “sitter.” Frequent checks of oxygen saturation and measurements References 1.Marcantonio ER, Flacker JM, Wright RJ, Resnick NM. Reducing delirium after hip fracture: a randomized trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001 May;49(5):516-22. 2.Marcantonio ER, Goldman L, Mangione CM, et al. A clinical prediction rule for delirium after elective noncardiac surgery. JAMA. 1994 Jan 12;271(2):134-9. 3.Inouye SK, Charpentier PA. Precipitating factors for delirium in hospitalized elderly persons. Predictive model and interrelationship with baseline vulnerability. JAMA. 1996 Mar 20;275(11):852-7. 4.Vaurio LE, Sands LP, Wang Y, Mullen EA, Leung JM. Postoperative delirium: the importance of pain and pain management. Anesth Analg. 2006 Apr;102(4):1267-73. 5.Leung JM, Sands LP, Paul S, Joseph T, Kinjo S, Tsai T. Does postoperative delirium limit the use of patient-controlled analgesia in older surgical patients? Anesthesiology. 2009 Sep;111(3):625-31. Anesthesia News | Summer 2011 9 ActiveResearchGrants Christian Apfel Andrew Gray Jan Hirsch Chanhung Lee Liu, Bin (continued) Principal Investigator Principal Investigator Principal Investigator Principal Investigator Principal Investigator Academic Senate, Individual Grant, 09/01/10–08/31/11 Carl Koller Memorial Research Grant/American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Individual Grant, 01/01/11–12/31/12 REAC/Simon E Mem FD, Individual Grant, 06/01/09–05/31/11 American Heart Association (AHA– National Office), Individual Grant, 01/01/07–12/31/11 Vaxiion Therapeutics, Individual Grant, 11/01/09–11/01/11 Smoking Status as a Risk Factor for Severe Acute Post-Operative Pain After Elective Surgery $34,445 Intravascular Contrast for Regional Anesthesia $41,304 Roland Bainton Zhonghui Guan Principal Investigator Principal Investigator NIH/NIGMS, Individual Grant, 08/01/07–05/31/12 Physiology and Regulation of Drug Transport Across the Blood Brain Barrier $1,450,670 Principal Investigator UCSF Anesthesia, Individual Grant, 07/01/10–06/30/11 Roland Bainton, 2010 RFA $100,000 Philip Bickler Principal Investigator NIH/NIGMS, Individual Grant, 03/01/07–02/28/12 Intracellular Signaling in Anesthetic and Hypoxic Preconditioning of Neurons $1,238,340 Tobacco Smoke Exposure – a Predisposing Factor to Ventilator Induced Lung Injury and Damage to the Alveolar Epithelial Type II Cell? $30,000 Benjamin Houseman Jae-Woo Lee Foundation for Anesthesia Education & Research (FAER), Research Career Award, 07/01/10–06/30/12 Principal Investigator Principal Investigator Contributions of Histone Acetylation Inflammatory Pain $175,000 Pharmacologic Dissection of the P13-Kinase Pathway in Trauma $598,050 Principal Investigator REAC/Cox J Fund, Individual Grant, 07/01/10–06/30/11 Role of Histone Acetylation Inflammatory Pain $30,000 Tomoki Hashimoto Principal Investigator NIH/NINDS, Individual Grant, 02/01/07–01/31/12 NIH/NIGMS, Research Career Award, 03/01/10–02/28/15 Principal Investigator Pathophysiology of Postoperative Delirium in Older Patients $2,176,111 Various Industry Sponsors, Other Clinical Contract, 09/01/86–Present Principal Investigator Helen Kim Marek Brzezinski Principal Investigator Northern California Institute for Research and Education (NCIRE), Individual Grant, 01/11/09–12/31/11 Judith Hellman Principal Investigator NIH/NIAID, Individual Grant, 06/05/09–05/31/11 Is PTSD a Risk Factor for Medical and Psychiatric Complications in the Perioperative Period? $50,000 TLR2 in Sepsis-Induced Coagulopathy, Endothelial Leak, and Pulmonary Dysfunction $687,893 Yongmei Chen Principal Investigator Principal Investigator NIH/NINDS, Individual Grant, 09/15/09–08/31/11 Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Brain Arteriovenous Malformations $154,500 Adrian Gelb Principal Investigator Abratech Corporation, SubcontractResearch, 01/13/11–08/31/11 UCSF Anesthesia, Individual Grant, 07/01/10–06/30/11 Judith Hellman, 2010 RFA $50,000 Principal Investigator Academic Senate, Individual Grant, 01/20/11–06/19/11 Purchase of Electrical Cell-Substrate Impedance Sensing (ECIS) System-Shared Instrument Grant $35,000 Jacqueline Leung Development of an Interdisciplinary, WebBased Trauma Education Curriculum at San Francisco General Hospital $30,000 Principal Investigator Tomoki Hashimoto, 2010 RFA $34,982 Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treatment of Acute Lung Injury $608,850 Principal Investigator Principal Investigator UCSF Anesthesia, Individual Grant, 07/01/10–06/30/11 NIH/NHLBI, Research Career Award, 08/04/08–07/31/13 UCSF Academy of Medical Educators–Innovations Funding, Individual Grant, 07/01/10–06/30/11 Intracranial Aneurysm Pathogenesis-Roles of Vascular Remodeling and Inflammation $1,346,491 Accuracy of Pulse Oximeters with Profound Hypoxia $200,000 Influence of Matrix Metalloproteinase on Brain Arteriovenous Malformation Hemorrhage $260,000 UCSF Anesthesia, Individual Grant, 07/01/10–06/30/11 Benjamin Houseman, 2010 RFA $50,000 Principal Investigator NIH/NIA, Individual Grant, 09/15/09–08/31/14 Lawrence Litt Principal Investigator NIH/NIGMS, Individual Grant, 04/01/09–01/31/13 Hypothermia, Anesthesia and NMR Metabolomics in Ischemic Neonatal Brain Slices $1,401,093 NIH/NINDS, Research Career Award, 07/01/08–06/30/13 Bin Liu Genetic Influences on Clinical Outcome in Brain Arteriovenous Malformations $782,716 Principal Investigator Kerstin Kolodzie Principal Investigator REAC/Harris Fnd, Individual Grant, 07/10/10–06/30/11 The Effect of General Anesthesia on the Risk for Arrhythmia? A pilot study $29,917 Rondall Lane Principal Investigator University of Pittsburgh, Subcontract-Research, 06/01/09–05/31/11 Isolating Mechanisms Underlying Hospital Variation in End-of-Life ICU Use $43,693 Brain-Activity During Sedation Predicting Post-Sedation Explicit-Memory $138,089 10 UCSF Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care NIH/NCI, Individual Grant, 03/07/06–01/31/12 Human Antibody Targeted Minicell Drug Delivery Platform $127,500 Principal Investigator Pancreas Cancer Program, Individual Grant, 04/01/10–03/31/11 Developing Recombinant Tumor and Tumor Stem Cell Surface Antigens for Pancreatic Tumor Detection and Therapy $26,500 Co-Investigator Lustgarten Foundation for Pancreatic Cancer, Individual Grant, 03/01/11–02/28/13 Developing Targeted Nanoparticles to Interfere with K-ras Expression Using siRNA $200,000 Martin London Principal Investigator APSF-Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation, Individual Grant, 01/01/06–12/31/11 Perioperative Pharmacologic Prophylaxis for Cardiovascular Events in the Department of Veterans Affairs: A Pharmacoepidemic Pilot Project $75,000 James Marks Principal Investigator Fox Chase Cancer Center, Subcontract-Research, 02/05/07–01/31/12 Mapping a Clinically Significant Internalizing Tumor Epitope Space $1,582,152 Defining the Role of Affinity in Antibody-Based Tumor Targeting and Therapy $638,122 Principal Investigator Principal Investigator NIH/NCI, Individual Grant, 12/05/08–11/30/11 Internalizing Antibody-Targeted Nanosized siRNA Therapeutics $373,890 Principal Investigator NIH/NCI, Individual Grant, 02/01/09–01/31/12 Selection of Internalizing Human Antibodies Targeting Pancreatic Tumor Cells in Situ by Laser Capture Microdissection $373,890 Principal Investigator NIH/NCI, Individual Grant, 03/01/10–12/31/13 Identifying Antigens Bound by Novel scFvs Targeting All Subtypes of Mesothelioma $1,250,293 NIH/NIAID, Individual Grant, 08/15/07–07/31/12 Development of botulinum neurotoxin immunotherapy, serotypes C, D, F, and G $3,709,450 Principal Investigator Xoma, Inc., Subcontract-Research, 02/17/09–09/14/14 Production of Monoclonal Antibody-Based Therapeutics for Botulism $1,595,352 Principal Investigator UC Irvine, Subcontract-Research, 05/01/09–04/30/14 Evolving Diagnostic Antibodies for Botulinum Neurotoxins $1,383,486 James Marks (continued) Mervyn Maze Arun Prakash Budde Hua Su William Young Principal Investigator Principal Investigator Principal Investigator Principal Investigator Program Director Georgetown University, Subcontract-Research, 09/03/08–06/30/11 Foundation for Anesthesia Education & Research (FAER), Fellowship, 01/01/11–01/31/11 UCSF Anesthesia, Individual Grant, 07/01/10–06/30/11 NIH/NINDS, Individual Grant, 02/01/10–01/31/12 NIH/NIGMS, Training Grant, 07/01/07–06/30/12 Adaptive Immunity from High Affinity Anti-HER2/neu Monoclonal Antibodies $244,683 2011 Medical Student Anesthesia Research Fellowship Program Arun Prakash, 2010 RFA $30,000 Jeffrey Sall Targeted Gene Expression in Ischemic Brain by Intravenous Delivery $386,250 Comprehensive Anesthesia Research Training $921,700 Rachel McKay Principal Investigator Principal Investigator Principal Investigator Columbia University, SubcontractResearch, 01/13/06–07/31/11 Georgetown University, Subcontract-Research, 02/02/09–12/31/13 NIH/NIGMS, Research Career Award, 02/01/10–01/31/14 Determinants of Tumor Sensitivity to EGFR-Targeted Antibodies $384,635 Effect of Anesthetic Choice (Sevoflurane versus Desflurane) on Speed and Sustained Nature of Airway Reflex Recovery in the Context of Antagonized Neuromuscular Block $231,014 Principal Investigator Principal Investigator Merrick Pharmaceuticals, URC/ Unfunded Research Collaboration, 05/15/09–05/14/11 Bispecific Antibodies Targeting Basal Breast Cancers Principal Investigator Centers for Disease Control, Contract, 09/09/09–09/07/11 Monoclonal Antibodies for Mass Spectrometry Based Detection of Biothreat Agents $593,898 Principal Investigator Functional Genetics, Inc, Subcontract-Research, 07/01/10–06/30/13 Development of Broad Spectrum Host Oriented Therapeutic Antibodies Against Influenza Infection $398,854 Principal Investigator Functional Genetics, Inc, Subcontract-Research, 07/0/1/10–06/30/13 Discovery of Critical Host Genes Enabling Resistance to HIV-1 Infection as Therapeutic Targets $400,611 Principal Investigator Lustgarten Foundation for Pancreatic Cancer, Individual Grant, 08/01/10–07/31/11 The Lustgarten Foundation Biomarker Initiative $116,716 Baxter Healthcare Corp., Contract, 08/05/10–08/04/11 Principal Investigator Population Health Research Institute (PHRI), Contract, 10/29/10–04/29/11 An International, PlaceboControlled Factorial Trial to Assess the Impact of Clonidine and Aspirin in Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery Who are at Risk of Perioperative Cardiovascular Event $64,000 Volatile Anesthetic Alteration of Neural Precursor Cell Cycle and Fate Decisions $478,440 Principal Investigator UCSF Anesthesia, Individual Grant, 07/01/10–06/30/11 American Heart Association (AHA–WSA), Individual Grant, 07/01/10–06/30/12 Induction of Functional Angiogenesis in the Ischemic Brain $140,000 Pekka Talke Principal Investigator Mark Schumacher The Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Dexmedetomidine in Patients with Seizure Disorders $31,631 NIH/NINDS, Individual Grant, 07/01/09–06/30/13 Capsaicin Receptor Subtypes in Pain Transduction $1,195,075 Principal Investigator UC San Diego, SubcontractResearch, 07/01/10–02/28/11 Hospira, Inc., Clinical Trial, 12/09/10–12/08/12 NIH/NINDS, Individual Grant, 01/01/09–12/31/13 Principal Investigator Greg Stratmann Principal Investigator Masimo Corporation, Contract, 02/04/10–07/31/11 Principal Investigator Pulse Oximeter Parameter Performance During Liver Transplant $13,904 Principal Investigator International Anesthesia Research Society (IARS), Research Career Award, 01/01/09–12/31/11 Ludmila Pawlikowska Is Pediatric Anesthesia Associated with Long-Term Hippocampal Dysfunction? $80,000 Principal Investigator Principal Investigator NIH/NIDDK, Individual Grant, 03/01/09–02/28/13 Genetic Analysis of Metabolic Syndrome by Admixture Mapping in African American $1,258,469 Principal Investigator NIH/NINDS, Individual Grant, 02/01/10–01/31/12 Somatic Mutation Detection in Brain AVM by Massively High-Throughput Sequencing $416,973 NIH/NINDS, Program Project Grant, 04/01/09–03/31/14 Principal Investigator Hospira, Inc., Contract, 09/24/07–12/31/11 Binbin Wang Intensive Insulin Therapy in Deceased Donors to Improve Renal Allograft Function and Transplanted Allograft Outcomes $821,251 James Sonner Principal Investigator Principal Investigator James Sonner, 2010 RFA $86,368 DHHS/Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA Individual Grant, 09/01/08–08/31/11 Predictors of Spontaneous Cerebral AVM Hemorrhage $2,047,332 Julin Tang UCSF Anesthesia, Individual Grant, 07/01/10–06/30/11 Principal Investigator Pain Management by an Endogenous Antihyperalgesic $136,247 Principal Investigator Integrative Study of Brain Vascular Malformations $6,657,383 A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Study on the Use of Dexmedetomidine to Facilitate Extubation in Surgical Intensive-Care Unit Patients who Failed Previous Weaning Attempts Following Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation $154,966 Claus Niemann A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformation (ARUBA) $162,368 NIH/NINDS, Individual Grant, 07/01/08–06/30/13 Jeffrey Sall, 2010 RFA $53,050 Principal Investigator Principal Investigator Hemodynamics of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations $1,652,669 Principal Investigator NIH/NINDS, Multicenter Project Grant, 09/30/09–06/30/14 Brain Vascular Malformation Consortium: Predictors of Clinical Course $6,095,571 Principal Investigator UCSF Anesthesia, Individual Grant, 07/01/10–06/30/11 Binbin Wang, 2010 RFA $1,350 The Leslie Munzer Neurological Institute, Individual Grant, 01/01/09–12/31/11 Influence of Bone Marrow Derived Cells in the Development of Abnormal Blood Vessels in a Model of Brain AVM $25,000 UCSF Anesthesia, Individual Grant, 07/01/10–06/30/11 Greg Stratmann, 2010 RFA $62,000 Principal Investigator ReNu Medical, Inc., Clinical Trial, 02/15/11–02/14/12 Accuracy of Pulse Oximeters in Neonates and Children Undergoing Cardiac Surgery $20,000 Anesthesia News | Summer 2011 11 PeerReviewedPublications Aldrich JM, Gropper MA. Can we predict pulmonary complications after thoracic surgery? Anesth Analg. May 1;110(5):1261-3, 2010. Anderson A, Eilers H, Yost CS. Anaphylaxis complicating graft reperfusion during orthotopic liver transplantation: a case report. Transplant Proc. Jun;42(5):1967-9, 2010. Antoine J, Hussain Z, El-Sayed I, Apfel CC. The unrecognised difficult extubation: a call for vigilance. Anaesthesia. Sep;65(9):946-8, 2010. Apfel CC, Jalota L. Can central antiemetic effects of opioids counter-balance opioid-induced nausea and vomiting? Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. Feb;54(2):129-31, 2010. Apfel CC, Saxena A, Cakmakkaya OS, Gaiser R, George E, Radke O. Prevention of postdural puncture headache after accidental dural puncture: a quantitative systematic review. Br J Anaesth. Sep;105(3):255-63, 2010. Apfel CC, Cakmakkaya OS, Martin W, Richmond C, Macario A, George E, Schaefer M, Pergolizzi JV. Restoration of disk height through non-surgical spinal decompression is associated with decreased discogenic low back pain: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. Jul 8;11:155, 2010. Apfel CC, Zhang K, George E, Shi S, Jalota L, Hornuss C, Fero KE, Heidrich F, Pergolizzi JV, Cakmakkaya OS, Kranke P. Transdermal scopolamine for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Ther. Nov;32(12):1987-2002, 2010. Ballard PL, Lee JW, Fang X, Chapin C, Allen L, Segal MR, Fischer H, Illek B, Gonzales LW, Kolla V, Matthay MA. Regulated gene expression in cultured type II cells of adult human lung. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. Jul;299(1):L36-50, 2010. Behrends M, Martinez-Palli G, Niemann CU, Cohen S, Ramachandran R, Hirose R. Acute hyperglycemia worsens hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. J Gastrointest Surg. Mar;14(3):528-35, 2010. Bickler PE, Fahlman CS. Enhanced hypoxic preconditioning by isoflurane: signaling gene expression and requirement of intracellular Ca2+ and inositol triphosphate receptors. Brain Res. Jun 22;1340:86-95, 2010. Bickler PE, Fahlman CS, Gray JJ. Hypoxic preconditioning failure in aging hippocampal neurons: impaired gene expression and rescue with intracellular calcium chelation. J Neurosci Res. Dec;88(16):3520-9, 2010. Bidlingmaier S, Wang Y, Liu Y, Zhang N, Liu B. Comprehensive analysis of yeast surface displayed cDNA library selection outputs by exon microarray to identify novel protein-ligand interactions. Mol Cell Proteomics. Mar;10(3): M110.005116, 2011. Bidlingmaier S, Liu B. Construction of yeast surface-displayed cDNA libraries. Methods Mol Biol. 729:199-210, 2011. Bidlingmaier S, Liu B. Identification of protein/target molecule interactions using yeast surface-displayed cDNA libraries. Methods Mol Biol. 729:211-23, 2011. Blobner M, Eriksson LI, Scholz J, Motsch J, Della Rocca G, Prins ME. Reversal of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade with sugammadex compared with neostigmine during sevoflurane anaesthesia: results of a randomised, controlled trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol. Oct;27(10):874-81, 2010. Boyd BS, Wanek L, Gray AT, Topp KS. Mechanosensitivity during lower extremity neurodynamic testing is diminished in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and peripheral neuropathy: a cross sectional study. BMC Neurol. Aug 28;10:75, 2010. Broadhurst MJ, Leung JM, Kashyap V, McCune JM, Mahadevan U, McKerrow JH, Loke P. IL-22+ CD4+ T cells are associated with therapeutic trichuris trichiura infection in an ulcerative colitis patient. Sci Transl Med. Dec 1;2(60):60ra88, 2010. Brzezinski M, Lee A, Holak EJ, Pagel PS. A simple method for obtaining a “ramped” laryngoscopy position after anesthetic induction. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. Jun;24(3):537-9, 2010. Brzezinski M, Kukreja J, Mitchell JD, Pagel PS, Tassone RF. Sudden Onset of Atrial Flutter During Continuous Venovenous Hemodialysis. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. Jan 11Jan 11. [Epub ahead of print], 2011. Carvalho B, Aleshi P, Horstman DJ, Angst MS. Effect of a preemptive femoral nerve block on cytokine release and hyperalgesia in experimentally inflamed skin of human volunteers. Reg Anesth Pain Med. Nov;35(6):514-9, 2010. Choukalas CG, Walter J, Glick D, O’Connor MF, Tung A, Dinwiddie SH, Nunnally ME. Mask ventilation, hypocapnia, and seizure duration in electroconvulsive therapy. J Clin Anesth. Sep;22(6):415-9, 2010. 12 UCSF Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care Choy DF, Modrek B, Abbas AR, Kummerfeld S, Clark HF, Wu LC, Fedorowicz G, Modrusan Z, Fahy JV, Woodruff PG, Arron JR. Gene expression patterns of Th2 inflammation and intercellular communication in asthmatic airways. J Immunol. Feb 1;186(3):1861-9, 2011. Cohen JM, Gray AT. Functional deficits after intraneural injection during interscalene block. Reg Anesth Pain Med. Jul-Aug;35(4):397-9, 2010. Cohen JM, Gray AT. Reply to drs. Bigeleisen, chelly, and filip. Reg Anesth Pain Med. Jan-Feb;36(1):95-7, 2011. Cohen MJ, Serkova NJ, Wiener-Kronish J, Pittet JF, Niemann CU. 1H-NMR-based metabolic signatures of clinical outcomes in trauma patients – beyond lactate and base deficit. J Trauma. Jul;69(1):31-40, 2010. Cohen NH. Critical care medicine in the United States: what we know, what we do not, and where we go from here. Crit Care Med. Jan;38(1):304-6, 2010. Cohen NH. The real reasons not to rely on severity scores. Crit Care Med. Jan;38(1):334-5, 2010. Coursin DB, Cohen NH, Murray MJ. Refrain from exclusionary training. Crit Care Med. Sep;38(9):1919-20, 2010. Darragh MR, Schneider EL, Lou J, Phojanakong PJ, Farady CJ, Marks JD, Hann BC, Craik CS. Tumor detection by imaging proteolytic activity. Cancer Res. Feb 15;70(4):1505-12, 2010. Delaloy C, Liu L, Lee JA, Su H, Shen F, Yang GY, Young WL, Ivey KN, Gao FB. MicroRNA-9 coordinates proliferation and migration of human embryonic stem cell-derived neural progenitors. Cell Stem Cell. Apr 2;6(4):323-35, 2010. Desalvo MK, Mayer N, Mayer F, Bainton RJ. Physiologic and anatomic characterization of the brain surface glia barrier of Drosophila. Glia. Feb 23. doi: 10.1002/glia.21147. [Epub ahead of print], 2011. Dong J, Thompson AA, Fan Y, Lou J, Conrad F, Ho M, Pires-Alves M, Wilson BA, Stevens RC, Marks JD. A single-domain llama antibody potently inhibits the enzymatic activity of botulinum neurotoxin by binding to the non-catalytic alpha-exosite binding region. J Mol Biol. Apr 9;397(4):1106-18, 2010. Dougherty RH, Sidhu SS, Raman K, Solon M, Solberg OD, Caughey GH, Woodruff PG, Fahy JV. Accumulation of intraepithelial mast cells with a unique protease phenotype in T(H)2-high asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. May;125(5):1046-1053.e8, 2010. Drasner K. Anesthetic effects on the developing nervous system: if you aren’t concerned, you haven’t been paying attention. Anesthesiology. Jul;113(1): 10-2, 2010. Drasner K. Local anesthetic systemic toxicity: a historical perspective. Reg Anesth Pain Med. Mar-Apr;35(2):162-6, 2010. Drummond DC, Noble CO, Guo Z, Hayes ME, Connolly-Ingram C, Gabriel BS, Hann B, Liu B, Park JW, Hong K, Benz CC, Marks JD, Kirpotin DB. Development of a highly stable and targetable nanoliposomal formulation of topotecan. J Control Release. Jan 4;141(1):13-21, 2010. Dubowitz G, Detlefs S, McQueen KA. Global anesthesia workforce crisis: a preliminary survey revealing shortages contributing to undesirable outcomes and unsafe practices. World J Surg. Mar;34(3):438-44, 2010. Dubowitz G. Global health and global anesthesia. Int Anesthesiol Clin. Spring;48(2):39-46, 2010. Eberspächer E, Blobner M, Werner C, Ruf S, Eckel B, Engelhard K, Schmahl W, Gelb AW. The long-term effect of four hours of hyperventilation on neurocognitive performance and lesion size after controlled cortical impact in rats. Anesth Analg. Jan 1;110(1):181-7, 2010. Eger EI 2nd. After you, please: the second Annual John W. Severinghaus Lecture on Translational Science. Anesthesiology. Apr;112(4):786-93, 2010. Eger EI 2nd. Cost in several flavors. Anesth Analg. Feb 1;110(2):276-7, 2010. Eilers H, Liu KD, Gruber A, Niemann CU. Chronic kidney disease: implications for the perioperative period. Minerva Anestesiol. Sep;76(9):725-36, 2010. Eilers H, Cattaruzza F, Nassini R, Materazzi S, Andre E, Chu C, Cottrell GS, Schumacher M, Geppetti P, Bunnett NW. Pungent general anesthetics activate transient receptor potential-A1 to produce hyperalgesia and neurogenic bronchoconstriction. Anesthesiology. Jun;112(6):1452-63, 2010. Eilers H, Larson MD. The effect of ketamine and nitrous oxide on the human pupillary light reflex during general anesthesia. Auton Neurosci. Jan 15;152(1-2):108-14, 2010. Erickson SE, Vasilevskis EE, Kuzniewicz MW, Cason BA, Lane RK, Dean ML, Rennie DJ, Dudley RA. The effect of race and ethnicity on outcomes among patients in the intensive care unit: A comprehensive study involving socioeconomic status and resuscitation preferences. Crit Care Med. Mar;39(3):429-435, 2011. Eriksson LI. Advancing medical science and practice in anesthesiology: Karolinska. Anesthesiology. Dec;113(6):1258-9, 2010. Errando CL, Pérez-Caballero P, Gelb AW, Sigl JC. Methodology, human factors, and incidence of intraoperative awareness. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. Jul;54(6):781-3, 2010. Fagerlund MJ, Kåhlin J, Ebberyd A, Schulte G, Mkrtchian S, Eriksson LI. The human carotid body: expression of oxygen sensing and signaling genes of relevance for anesthesia. Anesthesiology. Dec;113(6):1270-9, 2010. Fahlenkamp AV, Peters D, Biener IA, Billoet C, Apfel CC, Rossaint R, Coburn M. Evaluation of bispectral index and auditory evoked potentials for hypnotic depth monitoring during balanced xenon anaesthesia compared with sevoflurane. Br J Anaesth. Sep;105(3):334-41, 2010. Fan QW, Cheng C, Hackett C, Feldman M, Houseman BT, Nicolaides T, Haas-Kogan D, James CD, Oakes SA, Debnath J, Shokat KM, Weiss WA. Akt and autophagy cooperate to promote survival of drug-resistant glioma. Sci Signal. Nov 9;3(147):ra81, 2010. Fan Y, Shen F, Frenzel T, Zhu W, Ye J, Liu J, Chen Y, Su H, Young WL, Yang GY. Endothelial progenitor cell transplantation improves long-term stroke outcome in mice. Ann Neurol. Apr;67(4):488-97, 2010. Fang X, Neyrinck AP, Matthay MA, Lee JW. Allogeneic human mesenchymal stem cells restore epithelial protein permeability in cultured human alveolar type II cells by secretion of angiopoietin-1. J Biol Chem. Aug 20;285(34):26211-22, 2010. Feiner JR, Bickler PE, Mannheimer PD. Accuracy of methemoglobin detection by pulse CO-oximetry during hypoxia. Anesth Analg. Jul;111(1):143-8, 2010. Feiner JR, Bickler PE. Improved accuracy of methemoglobin detection by pulse CO-oximetry during hypoxia. Anesth Analg. Nov;111(5):1160-7, 2010. Flexman AM, Ng JL, Gelb AW. Acute and chronic pain following craniotomy. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. Oct;23(5):551-7, 2010. Franck M, Radtke FM, Apfel CC, Kuhly R, Baumeyer A, Brandt C, Wernecke KD, Spies CD. Documentation of post-operative nausea and vomiting in routine clinical practice. J Int Med Res. May-Jun;38(3):1034-41, 2010. Gabarrós A, Young WL, McDermott MW, Lawton MT. Language and motor mapping during resection of brain arteriovenous malformations: indications, feasibility, and utility. Neurosurgery. Mar;68(3):744-52, 2011. Gabriel RA, Kim H, Sidney S, McCulloch CE, Singh V, Johnston SC, Ko NU, Achrol AS, Zaroff JG, Young WL. Ten-year detection rate of brain arteriovenous malformations in a large, multiethnic, defined population. Stroke. Jan;41(1):21-6, 2010. Gao P, Chen Y, Lawton MT, Barbaro NM, Yang GY, Su H, Ling F, Young WL. Evidence of endothelial progenitor cells in the human brain and spinal cord arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurgery. Oct;67(4):1029-35, 2010. Garcia-Rodriguez C, Geren IN, Lou J, Conrad F, Forsyth C, Wen W, Chakraborti S, Zao H, Manzanarez G, Smith TJ, Brown J, Tepp WH, Liu N, Wijesuriya S, Tomic MT, Johnson EA, Smith LA, Marks JD. Neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies binding multiple serotypes of botulinum neurotoxi Protein Eng Des Sel. Mar;24(3):321-31, 2011. George E, Hornuss C, Apfel CC. Neurokinin-1 and novel serotonin antagonists for postoperative and postdischarge nausea and vomiting. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. Dec;23(6):714-21, 2010. Gomez-Sjoberg R, Leyrat AA, Houseman BT, Shokat K, Quake SR. Biocompatibility and Reduced Drug Absorption of Sol-Gel-Treated Poly(dimethyl siloxane) for Microfluidic Cell Culture Applications. Anal Chem. Oct;82:8954-8960, 2010. Gray AT, Drasner K. Safety of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia. Anesthesiology. Jun;112(6):1538-9, 2010. Guffey PJ, McKay WR, McKay RE. Case report: epidural hematoma nine days after removal of a labor epidural catheter. Anesth Analg. Oct;111(4):992-5, 2010. Guo L, Gelb AW. False negatives, muscle relaxants, and motor-evoked potentials. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. Jan;23(1):64, 2011. Guo L, Gelb AW. The use of motor evoked potential monitoring during cerebral aneurysm surgery to predict pure motor deficits due to subcortical ischemia. Clin Neurophysiol. Apr;122(4):648-55, 2011. Hao Q, Su H, Palmer D, Sun B, Gao P, Yang GY, Young WL. Bone marrowderived cells contribute to vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis in the adult mouse brain by supplying matrix metalloproteinase-9. Stroke. Feb;42(2):453-8, 2011. Hao Q, Zhu Y, Su H, Shen F, Yang GY, Kim H, Young WL. VEGF Induces More Severe Cerebrovascular Dysplasia in Endoglin than in Alk1 Mice. Transl Stroke Res. Sep 1;1(3):197-201, 2010. Hårdemark Cedborg AI, Bodén K, Witt Hedström H, Kuylenstierna R, Ekberg O, Eriksson LI, Sundman E. Breathing and swallowing in normal man – effects of changes in body position, bolus types, and respiratory drive. Neurogastroenterol Motil. Nov;22(11):1201-8, 2010. He J, Wang Y, Feng J, Zhu X, Lan X, Iyer AK, Zhang N, Seo Y, VanBrocklin HF, Liu B. Targeting prostate cancer cells in vivo using a rapidly internalizing novel human single-chain antibody fragment. J Nucl Med. Mar;51(3):427-32, 2010. Heier T, Caldwell JE, Feiner JR, Liu L, Ward T, Wright PM. Relationship between normalized adductor pollicis train-of-four ratio and manifestations of residual neuromuscular block: a study using acceleromyography during near steady-state concentrations of mivacurium. Anesthesiology. Oct;113(4):825-32, 2010. Hiller DB, Di Gregorio G, Kelly K, Ripper R, Edelman L, Boumendjel R, Drasner K, Weinberg GL. Safety of high volume lipid emulsion infusion: a first approximation of LD50 in rats. Reg Anesth Pain Med. Mar-Apr;35(2):140-4, 2010. Howard M, Roux J, Lee H, Miyazawa B, Lee JW, Gartland B, Howard AJ, Matthay MA, Carles M, Pittet JF. Activation of the stress protein response inhibits the STAT1 signalling pathway and iNOS function in alveolar macrophages: role of Hsp90 and Hsp70. Thorax. Apr;65(4):346-53, 2010. Hsieh TC, Schiller NB, Joshi RV. Extensive lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum with involvement of the right atrium. Anesth Analg. Mar 1;110(3):725-6; discussion 727, 2010. Hsieh TC, Katz JA. Images in anesthesiology: thyroid cancer invading the trachea. Anesthesiology. Oct;113(4):961, 2010. Huang JJ, Azakie A, Russell IA. Echo rounds: discrete subvalvular aortic stenosis. Anesth Analg. Apr 1;110(4):1003-5, 2010. Hyytiä H, Ristiniemi N, Airas L, Pettersson K, Hellman J. Development of an immunoassay for the detection of cystatin C dimers. J Immunol Methods. Apr 15;355(1-2):14-20, 2010. Innes AL, McGrath KW, Dougherty RH, McCulloch CE, Woodruff PG, Seibold MA, Okamoto KS, Ingmundson KJ, Solon MC, Carrington SD, Fahy JV. The H antigen at epithelial surfaces is associated with susceptibility to asthma exacerbation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. Jan 15;183(2):189-94, 2011. Iyer AK, Su Y, Feng J, Lan X, Zhu X, Liu Y, Gao D, Seo Y, Vanbrocklin HF, Courtney Broaddus V, Liu B, He J. The effect of internalizing human single chain antibody fragment on liposome targeting to epithelioid and sarcomatoid mesothelioma. Biomaterials. Apr;32(10):2605-13, 2011. Jalota L, Apfel CC. Importance of the Spanish Expert Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. Oct;57(8):467-72, 2010. Josephson SA, Moheet AM, Gropper MA, Nichols AD, Smith WS. Ventilatorassociated pneumonia in a neurologic intensive care unit does not lead to increased mortality. Neurocrit Care. Apr;12(2):155-8, 2010. Kåhlin J, Eriksson LI, Ebberyd A, Fagerlund MJ. Presence of nicotinic, purinergic and dopaminergic receptors and the TASK-1 K+-channel in the mouse carotid body Respir Physiol Neurobiol. Jul 31;172(3):122-8, 2010. Kanematsu Y, Kanematsu M, Kurihara C, Tada Y, Tsou TL, van Rooijen N, Lawton MT, Young WL, Liang EI, Nuki Y, Hashimoto T. Critical roles of macrophages in the formation of intracranial aneurysm. Stroke. Jan;42(1):173-8, 2011. Kanematsu Y, Kanematsu M, Kurihara C, Tsou TL, Nuki Y, Liang EI, Makino H, Hashimoto T. Pharmacologically induced thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms in mice. Hypertension. May;55(5):1267-74, 2010. Khachi S, Zhu Y, Yang GY. Preparation and analysis of endothelial progenitor cells associated with angiogenesis. Methods Mol Biol. 621:139-48, 2010. Kim H, McCulloch CE, Johnston SC, Lawton MT, Sidney S, Young WL. Comparison of 2 approaches for determining the natural history risk of brain arteriovenous malformation rupture. Am J Epidemiol. Jun 15;171(12):1317-22, 2010. Anesthesia News | Summer 2011 13 PeerReviewedPublications Kong EC, Woo K, Li H, Lebestky T, Mayer N, Sniffen MR, Heberlein U, Bainton RJ, Hirsh J, Wolf FW. A pair of dopamine neurons target the D1-like dopamine receptor DopR in the central complex to promote ethanol-stimulated locomotion in Drosophila. PLoS One. Apr 1;5(4):e9954, 2010. Koth LL, Cambier CJ, Ellwanger A, Solon M, Hou L, Lanier LL, Abram CL, Hamerman JA, Woodruff PG. DAP12 is required for macrophage recruitment to the lung in response to cigarette smoke and chemotaxis toward CCL2. J Immunol. Jun 1;184(11):6522-8, 2010. Krasnodembskaya A, Song Y, Fang X, Gupta N, Serikov V, Lee JW, Matthay MA. Antibacterial effect of human mesenchymal stem cells is mediated in part from secretion of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37. Stem Cells. Dec;28(12):2229-38, 2010. Lawton MT, Kim H, McCulloch CE, Mikhak B, Young WL. A supplementary grading scale for selecting patients with brain arteriovenous malformations for surgery. Neurosurgery. Apr;66(4):702-13; discussion 713, 2010. Neal JM, Bernards CM, Butterworth JF 4th, Di Gregorio G, Drasner K, Hejtmanek MR, Mulroy MF, Rosenquist RW, Weinberg GL. ASRA practice advisory on local anesthetic systemic toxicity. Reg Anesth Pain Med. Mar-Apr;35(2):152-61, 2010. Nguyen HP, Zaroff JG, Bayman EO, Gelb AW, Todd MM, Hindman BJ; IHAST-MIDS and IHAST Investigators. Perioperative hypothermia (33 degrees C) does not increase the occurrence of cardiovascular events in patients undergoing cerebral aneurysm surgery: findings from the Intraoperative Hypothermia for Aneurysm Surgery Trial. Anesthesiology. Aug;113(2):327-42, 2010. Niemann CU, Eilers H. Abdominal organ transplantation. Minerva Anestesiol. Apr;76(4):266-75, 2010. Niemann CU, Feiner J. Quality improvement in transplant anesthesia: which way forward? Curr Opin Organ Transplant. Jun;15(3):374-6, 2010. Leung JM. Postoperative delirium: are there modifiable risk factors? Eur J Anaesthesiol. May;27(5):403-5, 2010. Niemann CU, Xu F, Choi S, Behrends M, Park Y, Hirose R, Maher JJ. Short passive cooling protects rats during hepatectomy by inducing heat shock proteins and limiting the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. J Surg Res. Jan;158(1):43-52, 2010. Little SJ, Van der Heusen F, Thornton KC. Complete intraoperative transesophageal echocardiogram imaging of the extent of an inferior vena cava mass guides surgical management. Anesth Analg. Nov;111(5):1125-7, 2010. Osredkar D, Sall JW, Bickler PE, Ferriero DM. Erythropoietin promotes hippocampal neurogenesis in in vitro models of neonatal stroke. Neurobiol Dis. May;38(2):259-65, 2010. Liu J, Litt L, Segal MR, Kelly MJ, Yoshihara HA, James TL. Outcome-related metabolomic patterns from 1H/31P NMR after mild hypothermia treatments of oxygen-glucose deprivation in a neonatal brain slice model of asphyxia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. Feb;31(2):547-59, 2011. Percie du Sert N, Rudd JA, Apfel CC, Andrews PL. Cisplatin-induced emesis: systematic review and meta-analysis of the ferret model and the effects of 5-HT(3) receptor antagonists. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. Mar;67(3):667-86, 2011. Liu LL, Aldrich JM, Shimabukuro DW, Sullivan KR, Taylor JM, Thornton KC, Gropper MA. Special article: rescue therapies for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Anesth Analg. Sep;111(3):693-702, 2010. Perouansky M, Rau V, Ford T, Oh SI, Perkins M, Eger EI 2nd, Pearce RA. Slowing of the hippocampal θ rhythm correlates with anesthetic-induced amnesia. Anesthesiology. Dec;113(6):1299-309, 2010. Logvinova AV, Litt L, Young WL, Lee CZ. Anesthetic concerns in patients with known cerebrovascular insufficiency. Anesthesiol Clin. Mar;28(1):1-12, 2010. Pinsonneault RL, Mayer N, Mayer F, Tegegn N, Bainton RJ. Novel models for studying the blood-brain and blood-eye barriers in Drosophila. Methods Mol Biol. 686:357-69, 2011. Lou J, Geren I, Garcia-Rodriguez C, Forsyth CM, Wen W, Knopp K, Brown J, Smith T, Smith LA, Marks JD. Affinity maturation of human botulinum neurotoxin antibodies by light chain shuffling via yeast mating. Protein Eng Des Sel. Apr;23(4):311-9, 2010. Politis GD, Schneider WJ, Van Beek AL, Gosain A, Migliori MR, Gregory GA, Fisher QA, Flick R. Guidelines for pediatric perioperative care during short-term plastic reconstructive surgical projects in less developed nations. Anesth Analg. Jan;112(1):183-90, 2011. Lu DC, Roeser AC, Mummaneni VP, Mummaneni PV. Nuances of occipitocervical fixation. Neurosurgery. Mar;66(3 Suppl):141-6, 2010. Ponomarev I, Rau V, Eger EI, Harris RA, Fanselow MS. Amygdala transcriptome and cellular mechanisms underlying stress-enhanced fear learning in a rat model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology. May;35(6):1402-11, 2010. Lyon R, Gibson A, Burch S, Lieberman J. Increases in voltage may produce false-negatives when using transcranial motor evoked potentials to detect an isolated nerve root injury. J Clin Monit Comput. Dec;24(6):441-8, 2010. Matthay MA, Goolaerts A, Howard JP, Lee JW. Mesenchymal stem cells for acute lung injury: preclinical evidence. Crit Care Med. Oct;38(10 Suppl):S569-73, 2010. Matthay MA, Thompson BT, Read EJ, McKenna DH Jr, Liu KD, Calfee CS, Lee JW. Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells for severe acute lung injury. Chest. Oct;138(4):965-72, 2010. McKay RE, Malhotra A, Cakmakkaya OS, Hall KT, McKay WR, Apfel CC. Effect of increased body mass index and anaesthetic duration on recovery of protective airway reflexes after sevoflurane vs desflurane. Br J Anaesth. Feb;104(2): 175-82, 2010. Mikhak B, Weinsheimer S, Pawlikowska L, Poon A, Kwok PY, Lawton MT, Chen Y, Zaroff JG, Sidney S, McCulloch CE, Young WL, Kim H. Angiopoietin-Like 4 (ANGPTL4) Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Brain Arteriovenous Malformations. Cerebrovasc Dis 31(4):338-45, 2011. Miller RD, Ward TA, Shiboski SC, Cohen NH. A comparison of three methods of hemoglobin monitoring in patients undergoing spine surgery. Anesth Analg. Apr;112(4):858-63, 2011. Mummaneni PV, Lu DC, Dhall SS, Mummaneni VP, Chou D. C1 lateral mass fixation: a comparison of constructs. Neurosurgery. Mar;66(3 Suppl):153-60, 2010. Nakagawa K, Tang JF. Physiologic response of human brain death and the use of vasopressin for successful organ transplantation. J Clin Anesth. Mar;23(2):145-8, 2011. Nakamura JL, Phong C, Pinarbasi E, Kogan SC, Vandenberg S, Horvai AE, Faddegon BA, Fiedler D, Shokat K, Houseman BT, Chao R, Pieper RO, Shannon K. Dose-dependent effects of focal fractionated irradiation on secondary malignant neoplasms in Nf1 mutant mice. Cancer Res. Jan 1;71(1):106-15, 2011. 14 UCSF Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care Prakash A, Hellman J. Editorial: Pattern recognition receptors and factor B: “complement”ary pathways converge. J Leukoc Biol. Oct;88(4):605-7, 2010. Puntillo KA, Arai S, Cohen NH, Gropper MA, Neuhaus J, Paul SM, Miaskowski C. Symptoms experienced by intensive care unit patients at high risk of dying. Crit Care Med. Nov;38(11):2155-60, 2010. Radke OC, Werth K, Borg-von-Zepelin M, Saur P, Apfel CC. Two serial check valves can prevent cross-contamination through intravenous tubing during total intravenous anesthesia. Anesth Analg. Oct;111(4):925-8, 2010. Reddy S, Shaller CC, Doss M, Shchaveleva I, Marks JD, Yu JQ, Robinson MK. Evaluation of the Anti-HER2 C6.5 Diabody as a PET Radiotracer to Monitor HER2 status and Predict Response to Trastuzumab Treatment. Clin Cancer Res. Mar 15;17(6):1509-20, 2011. Roux J, Carles M, Koh H, Goolaerts A, Ganter MT, Chesebro BB, Howard M, Houseman BT, Finkbeiner W, Shokat KM, Paquet AC, Matthay MA, Pittet JF. Transforming growth factor beta1 inhibits cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-dependent cAMP-stimulated alveolar epithelial fluid transport via a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent mechanism. J Biol Chem. Feb 12;285(7):4278-90, 2010. Rubinsky L, Raichman N, Lavee J, Frenk H, Ben-Jacob E, Bickler PE. Antifreeze protein suppresses spontaneous neural activity and protects neurons from hypothermia/re-warming injury. Neurosci Res. Jul;67(3):256-9, 2010. Rudnick SI, Lou J, Shaller CC, Tang Y, Klein-Szanto AJ, Weiner LM, Marks JD, Adams GP. Influence of Affinity and Antigen Internalization on the Uptake and Penetration of Anti-HER2 Antibodies in Solid Tumors. Cancer Res. Mar 15;71(6):2250-9, 2011. Ryan SM, Nielsen CJ. Global warming potential of inhaled anesthetics: application to clinical use. Anesth Analg. Jul;111(1):92-8, 2010. Sackey PV, Eriksson LI, Martling CR, Radell PJ. Case scenario: tailored sedation to the individual needs of the intensive care unit patient. Anesthesiology. Dec;113(6):1439-46, 2010. Schumacher MA, Eilers H. TRPV1 splice variants: structure and function. Front Biosci. Jun 1;15:872-82, 2010. Schumacher MA. Transient receptor potential channels in pain and inflammation: therapeutic opportunities. Pain Pract. May-Jun;10(3):185-200, 2010. Severinghaus JW. Unfinished physiology. Adv Exp Med Biol. 662:3-5, 2010. Shin HS, Xu F, Bagchi A, Herrup E, Prakash A, Valentine C, Kulkarni H, Wilhelmsen K, Warren S, Hellman J. Bacterial lipoprotein TLR2 agonists broadly modulate endothelial function and coagulation pathways in vitro and in vivo. J Immunol. Jan 15;186(2):1119-30, 2011. Sidhu SS, Yuan S, Innes AL, Kerr S, Woodruff PG, Hou L, Muller SJ, Fahy JV. Roles of epithelial cell-derived periostin in TGF-beta activation, collagen production, and collagen gel elasticity in asthma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Aug 10;107(32):14170-5, 2010. Siegemund M, van Bommel J, Stegenga ME, Studer W, van Iterson M, Annaheim S, Mebazaa A, Ince C. Aortic cross-clamping and reperfusion in pigs reduces microvascular oxygenation by altered systemic and regional blood flow distribution. Anesth Analg. Aug;111(2):345-53, 2010. Speca DJ, Chihara D, Ashique AM, Bowers MS, Pierce-Shimomura JT, Lee J, Rabbee N, Speed TP, Gularte RJ, Chitwood J, Medrano JF, Liao M, Sonner JM, Eger EI 2nd, Peterson AS, McIntire SL. Conserved role of unc-79 in ethanol responses in lightweight mutant mice. PLoS Genet. Aug 12;6(8), 2010. Starr PA, Martin AJ, Ostrem JL, Talke P, Levesque N, Larson PS. Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulator placement using high-field interventional magnetic resonance imaging and a skull-mounted aiming device: technique and application accuracy. J Neurosurg. Mar;112(3):479-90, 2010. Stechert MM, London MJ. Native aortic root endocarditis with invasion of the right outflow tract. Anesth Analg. Jan 1;110(1):36-8, 2010. Stoop AA, Joshi RV, Eggers CT, Craik CS. Analysis of an engineered plasma kallikrein inhibitor and its effect on contact activation. Biol Chem. Apr;391(4):425-33, 2010. Stratmann G, Sall JW, Bell JS, Alvi RS, May LV, Ku B, Dowlatshahi M, Dai R, Bickler PE, Russell I, Lee MT, Hrubos MW, Chiu C. Isoflurane does not affect brain cell death, hippocampal neurogenesis, or long-term neurocognitive outcome in aged rats. Anesthesiology. Feb;112(2):305-15, 2010. Su H, Kim H, Pawlikowska L, Kitamura H, Shen F, Cambier S, Markovics J, Lawton MT, Sidney S, Bollen AW, Kwok PY, Reichardt L, Young WL, Yang GY, Nishimura SL. Reduced expression of integrin alphavbeta8 is associated with brain arteriovenous malformation pathogenesis. Am J Pathol. Feb;176(2):1018-27, 2010. Su H, Yang GY. Treatment of focal brain ischemia with viral vector-mediated gene transfer. Methods Mol Biol. 686:429-46, 2011. Sun K, Zhang Z, Suzuki T, Wenk JF, Stander N, Einstein DR, Saloner DA, Wallace AW, Guccione JM, Ratcliffe MB Dor procedure for dyskinetic anteroapical myocardial infarction fails to improve contractility in the border zone. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. Jul;140(1):233-9, 239.e1-4, 2010. Terrando N, Monaco C, Ma D, Foxwell BM, Feldmann M, Maze M. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha triggers a cytokine cascade yielding postoperative cognitive decline. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Nov 23;107(47):20518-22, 2010. Thoma MS, Maa J, Schiller NB, Litt L. Cholecystectomy in the presence of a large patent foramen ovale: laparoscopic or open? J Clin Anesth. Nov;22(7):553-6, 2010. Tsai TL, Sands LP, Leung JM. An Update on Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction. Adv Anesth. 28(1):269-284, 2010. Vagefi PA, Klein I, Gelb B, Hameed B, Moff SL, Simko JP, Fix OK, Eilers H, Feiner JR, Ascher NL, Freise CE, Bass NM. Emergent orthotopic liver transplantation for hemorrhage from a giant cavernous hepatic hemangioma: case report and review. J Gastrointest Surg. Jan;15(1):209-14, 2011. Vasilevskis EE, Kuzniewicz MW, Cason BA, Lane RK, Dean ML, Clay T, Rennie DJ, Dudley RA. Predictors of early postdischarge mortality in critically ill patients: A retrospective cohort study from the California Intensive Care Outcomes project. J Crit Care. Feb;26(1):65-75, 2011. Vincenti M, Behrends M, Dang K, Park YH, Hirose R, Blasi-Ibanez A, Liu T, Serkova NJ, Niemann CU. Induction of intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury by portal vein outflow occlusion in rats. J Gastroenterol. Nov;45(11):1103-10, 2010. Vizcaychipi MP, Xu L, Barreto GE, Ma D, Maze M, Giffard RG. Heat Shock Protein 72 Overexpression Prevents Early Postoperative Memory Decline after Orthopedic Surgery under General Anesthesia in Mice. Anesthesiology. Apr;114(4): 891-900, 2011. Wallace AW, Au S, Cason BA. Association of the pattern of use of perioperative -blockade and postoperative mortality. Anesthesiology. Oct;113(4):794-805, 2010. Wallace AW, Au S, Cason BA. Perioperative -Blockade: Atenolol Is Associated with Reduced Mortality When Compared to Metoprolol. Anesthesiology. Apr;114(4):824-36, 2011. Warren HS, Fitting C, Hoff E, Adib-Conquy M, Beasley-Topliffe L, Tesini B, Liang X, Valentine C, Hellman J, Hayden D, Cavaillon JM. Resilience to bacterial infection: difference between species could be due to proteins in serum. J Infect Dis. Jan 15;201(2):223-32, 2010. Weng Y, Yang L, Corringer PJ, Sonner JM. Anesthetic sensitivity of the Gloeobacter violaceus proton-gated ion channel. Anesth Analg. Jan 1;110(1): 59-63, 2010. Wenk JF, Zhang Z, Cheng G, Malhotra D, Acevedo-Bolton G, Burger M, Suzuki T, Saloner DA, Wallace AW, Guccione JM, Ratcliffe MB. First finite element model of the left ventricle with mitral valve: insights into ischemic mitral regurgitation. Ann Thorac Surg. 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Woodruff PG, Albert RK, Bailey WC, Casaburi R, Connett JE, Cooper JA Jr, Criner GJ, Curtis JL, Dransfield MT, Han MK, Harnden SM, Kim V, Marchetti N, Martinez FJ, McEvoy CE, Niewoehner DE, Reilly JJ, Rice K, Scanlon PD, Scharf SM, Sciurba FC, Washko GR, Lazarus SC; Copd Clinical Research Network. Randomized trial of zileuton for treatment of COPD exacerbations requiring hospitalization. COPD. Feb;8(1):21-9, 2011. Woodruff PG, Wolff M, Hohlfeld JM, Krug N, Dransfield MT, Sutherland ER, Criner GJ, Kim V, Prasse A, Nivens MC, Tetzlaff K, Heilker R, Fahy JV. Safety and efficacy of an inhaled epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor (BIBW 2948 BS) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. Mar 1;181(5):438-45, 2010. Yong CM, Sharma M, Ochoa V, Abnousi F, Roberts J, Bass NM, Niemann CU, Shiboski S, Prasad M, Tavakol M, Ports TA, Gregoratos G, Yeghiazarians Y, Boyle AJ. 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Zhu X, Bidlingmaier S, Hashizume R, James CD, Berger MS, Liu B. Identification of internalizing human single-chain antibodies targeting brain tumor sphere cells. Mol Cancer Ther. Jul;9(7):2131-41, 2010. Anesthesia News | Summer 2011 15 310 Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care University of California, San Francisco Box 0648 San Francisco, CA 94143-0648 Non-Profit Org. U.S. Postage PAID University of California San Francisco ADDRESS SERVICE REQUESTED AnesthesiaNews Summer 2011 | Vol. 9.1 Upcoming Events The Changing Practice of Anesthesia September 22-25, 2011 Hotel Nikko San Francisco / San Francisco, California COURSE CHAIRS: Merlin Larson, MD Professor Emeritus in Residence, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care Binbin Wang, MD Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care Susan Yoo, MD Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care Program and registration information: www.cme.ucsf.edu UCSF Center for Cerebrovascular Research CCR/PPG SEMINARS Presented by the Center for Cerebrovascular Research Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care University of California, San Francisco San Francisco General Hospital For a list of upcoming seminars: http://avm.ucsf.edu/ For a list of past seminars: http://avm.ucsf.edu/research/recent_seminars.html UCSF Maintenance of Certification in Anesthesia Simulator Course The UCSF Department of Anesthesia Simulation Center is endorsed by the American Society of Anesthesiologists for meeting the standards required for conducting ABA MOCA® simulation courses. This center offers eight hour, single day courses for four participants. Each participant will play active roles in all four scenarios, including one scenario as the primary anesthesiologist and one as the secondary anesthesiologist. Each scenario is recorded with sound and video, which is used to guide the debriefing conference that follows. Dec. 16, 2011 / Feb. 10 / Mar. 9 / Apr. 20 / or May 18, 2012 COURSE CHAIR: Adam Collins, MD Associate Professor of Clinical Anesthesia, Director, UCSF Anesthesia Simulator Center To reserve a spot, please contact Armando Leiva, course administrator, at [email protected].