Deodorant

Hotspots, opportunities & initiatives
Deodorant
Version 1
May 2013
Introduction
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About this slide deck …
This slide deck summarises some of the key
environmental hotspots relevant to this product
category. It also provides examples of reduction
opportunities to explore – and references key
initiatives that could support your activities to
improve product sustainability.
This work has drawn upon a wide variety of evidence
and is intended to be adapted for use by different
business functions (e.g. procurement, R&D, etc.).
It is important to note that, as every supply chain is
different, the information provided should be used to
guide further investigation.
How to use this deck
1. Please view in „Slide Show‟ to activate hyperlinks.
2. To access the slide‟s content either browse one
page at a time or use the navigation bar below to
jump between the main sections. Throughout the
deck there are links to external sources of interest.
3. A „Help‟ section is provided with more background
information on this product summary, FAQs, terms of
use and a list of other product summaries and
reduction opportunities available to download.
4. We would like to encourage feedback on the
contents of this deck. Please click the „Submit
feedback‟ links on each page to contribute.
About the PSF
The Product Sustainability Forum (PSF) is a collaboration
of 80+ organisations made up of grocery and home
improvement retailers and suppliers, academics, NGOs
and UK Government representatives. It provides a
platform for these organisations to understand, improve
and communicate the environmental performance of the
grocery and home improvement products.
(www.wrap.org.uk/psf)
Introduction
Hotspots
Resources
Opportunities
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Hotspot - Deodorant
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Notes
Reducing waste reduces resource consumption at all stages upstream
Notable primary & secondary hotspots
Packaging material extraction &
processing can contribute more than
50% of GHG emissions, for both
aerosol and roll-on formats – e.g.
aluminium metal used for aerosol
cans to resist the pressure of blowing
agent (2, 4).
Propellant (blowing agent) used in aerosols (e.g.
butane, iso-butane, propane) (3) makes up a
significant proportion of the formulation and so
contributes significantly to the ingredient carbon
and energy footprints (2).
These propellants have low direct global
warming potentials (e.g. 3 times that of CO2)
and are a GHG hotspot at a consumer level (2).
Introduction
Hotspots
Resources
• The hotspots, left, can be used to
target efforts – however actual
performance will be dependent on
the specifics of your supply chain.
• Numbers in brackets denote
numbered reference in references
slide.
• Evidence level: Medium - No life
cycle data available on water use,
waste.
• The key variables are the type of
propellant and packaging format
used (e.g. metal spray vs. plastic
roll-on) (2).
• Impact can be reduced by using
alternate formats which do not
use propellants and metal cans
(e.g. roll-on). New „compressed‟
cans introduced by Unilever cut
propellant use by 50% &
aluminium use by 25%.
• The British Aerosol Manufacturers‟
Association states that 76% of
local authorities recycle aerosol
cans.
Opportunities
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Initiatives & key resources
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Notes
1,2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
3,4
3
1,3
1,3
The initiatives and
resources identified offer
a range of potential
business benefits,
including: best practice
guidance; knowledge
sharing; innovation
ideas; standards
development; input or
process certification;
sustainability
benchmarking; and
communication.
4
Courtauld Commitment – responsibility agreement aimed at improving resource efficiency, incl. an aerosol recycling initiative
MetalMatters – initiative from AluPro designed to increase the capture rate for metal packaging (incl. deodorant cans)
Ball Corporation – Ball have introduced a new alloy that enables the use of recycled aluminium
Lindal Dispenser GmbH – Lindal have developed a „double piston can‟ that does not require incendiary gases
British Aerosol Manufacturer‟s Association (BAMA) – provides recycling guidance for households & businesses
Cosmetic, Toiletry & Perfumery Association (CTPA) – provides member sustainability case studies
Introduction
Hotspots
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Hotspot references
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The documents below have been used to identify primary and secondary environmental impact hotspots
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
British Aerosol Manufacturers‟ Association, (2013). Household Recycling
Climatop, (2010). CO2 Balance: Hairspray [PDF]
Tesco, (2009) Carbon Footprint of Deodorants. Confidential
Tesco, (2012). Tesco Product Carbon Footprints Summary [PDF]
WRAP, (2013). An initial assessment of the environmental impact of grocery products [PDF]
WRAP, (n.d.). Potential Refill Solutions for the Food and Non-Food Retail Sectors – Feasibility Study
Introduction
Hotspots
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Reduction opportunities
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The PSF has researched a selection of „reduction opportunities‟, „action plans and topic guides‟ relevant to the grocery sector. Below are
a selection relevant to deodorants. Follow the links to find out more about each opportunity. For a full list of resources available see the
Help section.
While many of the opportunities are not tailored specifically to deodorants – the principles and resources are transferable. Where they
target a hotspot they are flagged red.
Reduction opportunities
•
•
•
•
•
Closed-loop recycling
Identifying the true cost of waste
Product re-formulation
Improving consumer portioning
Capital allowance for green tech
Action plans
None directly relevant to deodorants.
Topic guides
•
•
•
Introduction
Best practice in embedding sustainability in product design
Effective commissioning of LCAs/footprint studies
Engaging colleagues on sustainability
Hotspots
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Closed-loop recycling
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Product sustainability opportunity
The adoption of a circular economy offers considerable economic benefits (1). Strictly defined, „closed-loop recycling‟ is
where recycled material from one product is wholly, or partially incorporated back into the same product. In contrast, „openloop recycling‟ is where recycled material is used for another purpose (2). Certain materials are better suited to this
process. Glass, aluminium, steel & plastic recycling can reduce energy, GHG emissions & water use without affecting
performance, e.g. recycling ink cartridges – see case study below (3).
Benefits & barriers
Case study – HP ink cartridges
Closed-loop recycling ensures a long term relationship
between customers and suppliers and provides a revenue
from recovered material, whilst at the same time reducing the
amount of waste sent to landfill (2). A closed-loop system
operator will need to ensure the manufacturing process
allows for the introduction of recycled material and that there
are appropriate logistics and distribution networks to control
the flow of recovered material (4). Additionally the cost of
collection, and possible use of 3rd party collecting centres,
may be an extra economic and organisational burden (3).
HP ink cartridges are retrieved by
post and disassembled following
consumer use. PET pellets from
packaging are combined with
recycled drinks bottles and formed
into new cartridges. To date,
individual cartridges are recycled
up to 10 times and have a 33%
smaller carbon footprint per
cartridge.
Other resources & initiatives
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
WRAP's vision for the UK circular economy to 2020 – outlines the benefits of pushing the UK economy towards circularity
Recycled Content Fact Sheet – Incpen guidance on recycled materials
Driving Sustainable Consumption: Closed Loop Systems – World Economic Forum report providing overview of closed loop systems
Closed Loop Recycling – Opening The Door To Cost Saving – WRAP case study of closed-loop recycling
Ellen MacArthur Foundation (EMF) – works with education & business to accelerate the transition to a circular economy
Environmental Benefits of Closed-Loop Glass Recycling – WRAP information supported by a glass collection directory
Introduction
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Identifying the true cost of waste
Hotspot
Product sustainability opportunity
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The cost of waste disposal is a small fraction, typically 5%,
of the true cost of waste. The true cost should include cost
of materials and value added during the production
process, including: costs of labour; energy; water;
equipment; warehouse; administration; and disposal. The
example shown in the chart shows how value added to a
cake at each stage of production increases the true cost of
waste.
Benefits & barriers
There are more than £800m worth of savings possible
through improved waste in the food & drink sector (1).
Estimates place the true cost of a tonne of waste at £550
(2) to £2,000 (3) per tonne. Calculation of the true cost
helps prioritise opportunities, develop accurate cost-benefit
analyses and implement waste prevention measures.
Other key resources & initiatives
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Business Benefits of Resource Efficiency – WRAP report estimating the overall potential resource efficiency gains for UK business
Opportunities for Resource Efficiency in the Food and Drink Sector – WRAP report reviewing waste arisings at FDF member sites
WRAP, Confidential Waste Prevention Reviews, 2011-13
Efficient Consumer Response – working group co-ordinator, supporting developments in process efficiency
Lean Manufacturing and the Environment – USEPA research on advanced manufacturing systems and their environmental benefits
Waste Arising in the Supply of Food and Drink to Households in the UK – focusing on manufacture, distribution & retail
Benefits to Change in the Retail Supply Chain – provides links on improving supply chain resource efficiency
Introduction
Hotspots
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Product re-formulation
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Product sustainability opportunity
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Product reformulation, where a product‟s composition is altered or ingredients are substituted for alternatives, can be
driven by a number of different factors e.g. ingredient price fluctuation or compliance to government legislation. Altering a
product‟s composition can mitigate material risk associated with high environmental impact ingredients, or may impact how
the product is used by the consumer which might lower the product‟s energy or water requirement (1). There are many
other potential benefits, including: reduced raw material costs; lower distribution impacts; less required storage space;
reduced packaging; as well as the potential to pass on costs savings to the consumer.
Case study - United Biscuits
Case study – Britvic concentrate
In March 2011, Britvic introduced a
new double concentrate to its
Robinsons squash brand. The double
concentrate squash is now in 1.25
litre and 1.75 litre bottles. The smaller
bottle sizes have enabled a significant
reduction in secondary packaging, &
transport required. The benefits are:
• Better consumer value for money
• 61% reduction PET per litre drunk
• 70% reduction in total packaging
• 50% reduction in lorries used
• 14,000 tCO2 saving p.a.
United Biscuits (UB) reformulated
their McVitie‟s biscuits, reducing the
salt content by up to 60% and the
saturated fat content by up to 80%.
The reformulations enabled a 40%
reduction in UB‟s use of palm oil and
reduced pressure on rainforest
destruction, but most importantly, a
total of £4m was added to sales
value, with sales of biscuits up by
more than 5%.
Other key resources & initiatives
1. See Unilever‟s Persil Small & Mighty
2. Courtauld Commitment Phase Two Case Studies – provides some examples of product re-formulations
3. Product Re-formulation: Channelling Efficiency savings – WRAP information sheet encouraging re-thinking of products
Introduction
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Improving consumer portioning
Hotspot
Product sustainability opportunity
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Unit dose packaging is one of the ways that manufacturers can influence consumer behaviours by removing the need for
the consumer to measure the product at use phase. If product measurement instructions are not followed closely this may
lead to unnecessary environmental impact through avoidable product use. Additionally, excessive product use may be
detrimental to the effectiveness of the product, for instance in the case of detergents (1), or may lead to food waste in the
case of grocery products not being consumed after being prepared for meals.
Case study – Ariel
Benefits & barriers
For detergent, only 65% of consumers dose
according to the manufacturer recommendations,
most over-dose (2). Portion control reduces overall
material use, transport and product wastage. Dosing
control can face consumer backlash and new
products will need to work with marketing to develop
an approach to ensure consumer engagement (1).
R&D will need to be involved to develop workable
products but may provide an opportunity for
innovation and brand differentiation even overall if
less product is being sold.
Other key resources & initiatives
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ariel have diversified their product
portfolio to include unit dose control
measures. Liquitabs require more
packaging, however due to reduced
product per wash and wastage they
estimated it has resulted in a
reduction of 250,000 tonnes of
product per annum (1).
Case study – Heinz
Heinz have introduced a 1kg reclosable bottle for their
Heinz Beanz range, which includes a see-through portion
guide on the side to help consumer portioning.
Unit Dose: A Sustainability Step for Fabric Liquids – Unilever report detailing the environmental benefits of liquid tablets
Revision of Ecolabel Criteria for Laundry Detergents 2008-2010 – background report for revision of ecolabel by Ecolabelling Denmark
Annual Review 2008 Towards Sustainable Cleaning – report by AISE, the soap, detergents & maintenance products industry body
WRAP food hub – provides a multitude of consumer food waste resources, including case studies, initiatives & reports
Introduction
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Capital allowance for green tech
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Product sustainability opportunity
The Enhanced Capital Allowance (ECA) scheme is managed by the Carbon Trust on behalf of HMRC and DECC. It allows
businesses to claim a 100% first year capital allowance on certain energy and water-saving equipment against the taxable
profits of the period of investment. Even if the company surrenders a loss in that tax year, it can still claim 19% of the
capital costs (1). The Energy and Water Technology Lists (2,3) provide practical platforms to source new equipment.
Case study – Müller Wiseman Dairies
Müller Wiseman Dairies (formerly Robert
Wiseman) utilised the ECA scheme to invest
£1.5m of capital towards their “Environmental
Excellence Roadmap”, including installing two
new low loss transformers, helping to
achieve:
• An 18% saving on electricity
• A 7% saving on gas consumption
• An overall saving of £100,000
• Emissions reductions of 353 tCO2 p.a.
The full environmental measures taken by
staff at the plant can be seen here.
Case study - Jaspers
Jaspers, a family-run abattoir in Treburley,
Cornwall, uses 17,000m3 water p.a. They chose
to install a water recycling system from the
Water Technology List (3), reclaiming capital
through the ECA scheme. The installation:
• Re-uses 90% of water for washing animal
sheds and vehicles
• Saves £10,000 p.a.
• ECA reduced payback period to 4.5 years
Financial controller Michael Armstrong explains
how selecting the right system allowed Jaspers
to claim an ECA here.
Other key resources & initiatives
1.
2.
3.
4.
The Enhanced Capital Allowance scheme for energy-saving technologies – Carbon Trust‟s guide to the scheme
The Energy Technology List – DEFRA‟s list of approved energy-saving equipment
The Water Technology List – DEFRA‟s list of approved water-saving equipment
HMRC‟s guide to first year allowances
Introduction
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Download
Topic Guide
Embedding sustainability in product design
Topic Guide
Over 80% of all product-related environmental impacts can be influenced during the design phase, presenting
an opportunity for designers to adopt more sustainable practices and in turn contribute towards lower impact products and
services. The challenge is to incorporate sustainable design principles into R&D processes, and to embed Ecodesign
principles within the business sustainability strategy and brand positioning considerations.
The business benefit include cost reductions, brand and reputation enhancement. This approach may also meet future
customer demand for products and services with reduced environmental impacts.
Implementation Process
This Topic Guide focuses on how
to adapt conventional design into
Ecodesign, starting with R&D.
Embedding Ecodesign
encompasses five main stages:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Identify design improvements
Compare design alternatives
Set Ecodesign strategy
Develop communications plan
Pilot and review of programme
Proposal/
briefing
Identify
design
improvements
– review
products in
context of
sustainability
strategy
Product
design
Production
Comparison
of design
alternatives –
develop new
products or
make changes
to existing
products
Ecodesign
strategy
setting –
agree
principles
aligned to
strategy
Launch
Communicate
environmental
benefits of
products
Postlaunch
review
Pilot and
embed
programme.
Review and
feedback on
process
Resources
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Defra sustainable product roadmaps – life cycle assessments, research and initiatives to improve environmental impact of products
WRAP circular economy – research and information on the circular economy (recapture & reuse of resources)
Eco SME – resources on Ecodesign for small businesses
Centre for Sustainable Design Ecodesign Strategy Wheel – Ecodesign consultancy for business
Eco3 Design consultancy – integrating Ecodesign into R&D
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Carrying out an LCA or footprinting study
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Topic Guide
Topic Guide
A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) or footprinting study can give you a more detailed understanding of the environmental
impacts of your products, workplaces and activities. These studies can take many forms and lead to a variety of actions and
outcomes depending on your particular needs and concerns. This Topic Guide should help you to design and implement the
LCA or footprinting study that is right for you. The flowchart below can help you identify what you need to do in response to
different drivers in your organisation:
Key:
- Organisational aims
- Suggested follow-up
actions
Resources
1. The Product Sustainability Forum - Product Summaries detailing the key environmental impacts of 50 typical products
2. Greenhouse Gas Protocol - this website gives help and advice on carbon footprinting standards
3. European Environment Agency - this website has a useful page of further information on Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs)
Introduction
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Engaging employees on product sustainability
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Topic Guide
Topic Guide
Engaging employees on product sustainability provides an opportunity to embed sustainability within everyday business
practice. The aim is to engage employees on in a way that promotes behaviour change and encourages employee-led
action. An engagement strategy developed by Sustainability teams is then lead by employee representatives, and supported
by HR, internal marketing communications, category managers and online communications. The strategy should also seek
to incentivise employees to take further action and increase buy-in.
The business benefits include cost-savings, product innovation, brand enhancement, reduced environmental impacts and
increased employee motivation.
Engagement strategy
This Topic Guide focuses on how
to engage employees using
established methods as part of an
engagement strategy:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Employee-led approaches
Action Learning
Internal communications
Online communications
Training and e-learning
Incentivisation programmes
Resources
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Engagement
strategy
Engage
internal teams
and develop
strategy
working with
HR, marketing
and employee
representatives
Align with
business
goals
Employee
lead action
plans
Integrate with
business
goals,
environmental /
sustainability
strategy and
embed in
category and
marketing
plans
Support
implementation
of action plans
by employees
and further
engage using
internal
marketing
Review of
progress
Feedback
and embed
Review plans
with employee
teams and
communicate
cost and
resource
savings to
make business
case for further
action
Develop further
action plans
and internal
policies and
business
processes and
embed product
sustainability
thinking in
organisation
Action Learning guide – guidance on the action learning process
Ecoinomy – online education platform
Wal-Mart case study – example of online communication tool
Unilever case study – example of employee-led action and marketing mechanisms
M&S case study – Plan A Product Attributes – assigning health, environmental and ethical attributes to drive product sustainability
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Help section
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This section contains background information on the contents of this slide deck, including:
1.Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
2.Terms of use
3.Product summary list – 50 product summaries are available covering food, drink, household and
personal care categories
4.Reduction opportunities – a list of all those developed to date
5.Action plans & topic guides – a list of all those developed to date
Introduction
Hotspots
Resources
Opportunities
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FAQs
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feedback
1.What is the Product Sustainability Forum (PSF)? The Product Sustainability Forum is a collaboration of 80+ organisations made
up of grocery and home improvement retailers and suppliers, academics, NGOs and UK Government representatives. It provides a
platform for these organisations to understand, improve and communicate the environmental performance of the grocery and home
improvement products. Website: www.wrap.org.uk/psf
2.What are the five PSF ‘metrics’? To date, the PSF has focused on the performance of products across five core environmental
„metrics‟: energy use, water use, waste generation, material use and greenhouse gas emissions. A more detailed discussion of the work
done on these five metrics is available in a published PSF report entitled “An initial assessment of the environmental impact of grocery
products”. The PSF is also beginning to look at the biodiversity impact of products.
3.What do the red and orange shading denote on hotspot matrices? Red cells highlight stages within the value chain which are
often the primary source of impact for the metric in question (e.g. greenhouse gas emissions, energy use, etc.). Orange cells are
typically secondary sources of impact. These are qualitative assessments to highlight likely hotspots and should be used to focus further
investigation.
4.How are ‘Primary’ and ‘Secondary’ hotspots identified? Primary and secondary hotspots have been identified using a range of
sources – but mainly publicly available life cycle and sector-level research into resource use and environmental impacts. These are fully
referenced within the deck. Primary hotspots are those which, according to the evidence identified, are likely to contribute the most to
the metric in question (e.g. agricultural stages dominate the carbon footprint of dairy products). However, due to the varied and patchy
nature of the evidence, some summaries are more complete than others – and in many cases, hotspots have been estimated based on
proxies. To guide users a qualitative „evidence level‟ score has been developed to highlight any significant data gaps. As every supply
chain is different, this information should be used to guide further research into your own supply chain.
5.Which other product summaries are available and where can I get them from? A summary of products researched to date
is available at the end of this deck.
6.How can I submit ideas/comments for future revisions of this PowerPoint deck? Click on the „Submit feedback‟ link at the
top right hand side of each slide to send feedback to the PSF team.
7.How can I use this content? See our „Terms of Use‟ slide.
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Terms of use
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While we have tried to make sure this slide deck is accurate, we cannot accept responsibility or be
held legally responsible for any loss or damage arising out of or in connection with this information
being inaccurate, incomplete or misleading. This material is copyrighted. You can copy it free of
charge as long as the material is accurate and not used in a misleading context. You must identify the
source of the material and acknowledge our copyright. You must not use material to endorse or
suggest we have endorsed a commercial product or service. For more details please see our terms
and conditions on our website at www.wrap.org.uk.
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Bananas
Bath &
shower products Beef
Beer
Biscuits
Bread & rolls
Breakfast cereals
Butter
Cakes,
pastries, etc.
Canned
meat
Canned
seafood
Canned
vegetables
Carbonates
Cat & dog food
Cheese
Chocolate
Cider
& perry
Coffee
Deli-food
Deodorant
Dilutables
Dishwashing
products
Eggs
Fish &
seafood
Frozen
vegetables
General
Ice-cream &
cleaning products frozen desserts
Juices
Lamb
Laundry
detergent
Margarine
Nappies
Onions
Pizza
Pork
Potato crisps
Potatoes
Pre-packed
sandwiches
Processed
snacks
Ready meals
Toilet &
kitchen rolls
Tomatoes
Wine
Rice
Spirits
Sugar
confectionery
Milk
& cream
Poultry
Tea
Introduction
Hotspots
Resources
Product
summary
list
Opportunities
Yogurts
Help
Reduction opportunity list
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•
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Addressing „green water‟
Benefits of soil management
Crop irrigation best practice
Precision agriculture
Rolling out agricultural GHG tools
Sourcing palm oil responsibly
Sugar crop sustainability
Sustainable fisheries & aquaculture
Sustainable forestry products
Water efficiency in livestock farming
Closed-loop recycling
Drinks packaging optimisation
Renewable packaging materials
Boiler energy efficiency in F&D
CIP for resource efficiency
Introduction
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•
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feedback
Identifying the true cost of waste
Increased efficiency of in-store bakeries
Increasing motor drive efficiency
Product re-formulation
Water efficiency in drinks manufacture
Water efficiency in meat processing
Water re-use in F&D processing
Extending product shelf life
Food redistribution
Shared logistics opportunities
Improving consumer portioning
Reducing kitchen energy use
Reducing consumer food waste
Water efficiency in the home
Capital allowance for green tech
Hotspots
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Opportunities
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Action plan & topic guide list
Submit
feedback
Action plans
•
•
•
•
•
Harmonising smart planning (manufacturers) and demand forecasting (retailers)
How to participate in the closed loop economy through waste exchange
How to use digestate as a fertiliser substitute
Refrigeration best practice in food and drink chill chains
Securing crop supply through whole crop purchasing
Topic guides
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•
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Demystifying and de-risking land use change
Implementing a sustainable procurement process for raw materials
Lowering the impact of pig feed soya
Effective commissioning of LCAs/footprint studies
Engaging colleagues on sustainability
Engaging suppliers on sustainability
Best practice in embedding sustainability in product design
How to identify high sustainability, reputation, supply chain risk and resilience
Introduction
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