predmet: PROJEKTOVAWE PUTEVA (GSP4)

Prof. dr Vojo An|us, dipl.gra|.in`.
Katedra za puteve, aerodrome i `eleznice
Gra|evinski fakultet Univerziteta u Beograd
predmet:
PROJEKTOVAWE PUTEVA (GSP4)
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Re~nik termina - Putno in`ewerstvo
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Put je svaka tako izgrađena ili utvrđena povr{ina koju kao saobraćajnu
povr{inu mogu da koriste svi ili određeni učesnici u saobraćaju, pod
uslovima određenim zakonom i drugim propisima.
Javni put je ona saobraćajna povr{ina koju nadležni organ u skladu sa
kriterijumima za kategorizaciju javnih puteva proglasi javnim putem
određene kategorije i koju svako može slobodno koristiti na način i pod
uslovima određenim zakonom i drugim propisima.
Državni put je kategorisan javni put koji povezuje celokupnu teritoriju
države i povezuje državu sa mrežom evropskih puteva ili koji povezuje
teritoriju jednog ili vi{e regiona ili povezuje za državu važna
turistička ili pogranična područja i granične prelaze. Ako u okviru
takvog putnog povezivawa nije izgrađen obilazni put van naseqa,
sastavni deo državnog puta je i wegov deo koji prolazi kroz naseqe.
Autoput je državni put koji je namewen iskqučivo za saobraćaj motornih
vozila sa fizički razdvojenim kolovozima po smerovima, bez ukr{tawa u
istom nivou i sa prikqučivawem samo na određenim i posebno
izgrađenim prikqučcima koji su wegov sastavni deo,
Op{tinski put je kategorisan javni put koji povezuje područje op{tine,
odnosno grada i povezuje op{tinu, odnosno, grad sa mrežom državnih
puteva.
Nekategorisan put je svaka saobraćajna povr{ina koja nije kategorisana
kao javni put i na kojoj se saobraćaj obavqa na način i pod uslovima koje,
u skladu sa propisima o bezbednosti saobraćaja na putevima, određuje
vlasnik ili lice koje on ovlasti za upravqawe tom saobraćajnom
povr{inom ({umski putevi, poqoprivredni putevi, prilazni putevi i
prilazi objektima i zemqi{tima, funkcionalne saobraćajne povr{ine
pored objekata, autobuske stanice, putevi u privatnom vlasni{tvu i
slično).
Državna biciklistička staza je samostalni državni put koji je namewen
samo saobraćaju biciklista i koji je označen propisanom saobraćajnom
signalizacijom. Državna biciklistička staza nadovezuje se na mrežu
evropskih biciklističkih staza, povezuje centre od regionalnog značaja
ili vodi do značajnih turističkih područja ili centara i do područja
izuzetnih prirodnih znamenitosti.
Naseqe je izgrađeni funkcionalno objediwen prostor na kome su
obezbeđeni uslovi za život i rad i za zadovoqavawe zajedničkih potreba
stanovnika. Granice naseqa utvrđuju se prostornim odnosno
urbanističkim planom i na propisan način se signali{u na javnom putu.
Put van naseqa je deo javnog puta postavqen u slobodnom prostoru izvan
granica naseqa.
Put u nasequ je deo javnog puta unutar granica naseqa čije se
funkcionalne karakteristike utvrđuju prostornim ili urbanističkim
planom op{tine, odnosno grada.
Označavawe javnih puteva je propisima uređeni postupak jednoznačnog
definisawa kategorije i prostornog položaja trase puta i wenih delova
(kilometarska i hektometarska stacionaža) koji se primenom
odgovarajućih znakova signali{e za potrebe vođewa evidencije,
upravqawa saobraćajem i putevima kao i za potrebe korisnika puteva.
Evidencija o javnim putevima je propisima uređeni sadržaj relevantnih
podataka i postupak wihovog prikupqawa odnosno obnavqawa za potrebe
upravqawa putevima i saobraćajem na wima.
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Dowi stroj puta čine objekti izgrađeni u prirodnom tlu (useci, tuneli,
galerije, i sl.) ili od prirodnih - zemqanih i kamenih materijala
(nasipi), zatim objekti izgrađeni od različitih materijala (beton,
kamen, čelik, drvo, i dr.) radi premo{ćavawa prirodnih ili ve{tačkih
prepreka u terenu (mostovi, propusti, i sl.) ili za osigurawe trupa puta
izgrađenog od zemqanih materijala od destruktivnih spoqa{wih uticaja
(potporni i obložni zidovi, za{titne konstrukcije i sl.).
Kolovozna konstrukcija je vi{eslojni kruti ili elastični sistem koji
služi da primi mehanička dejstva vozila i prenese ih na dowi stroj puta.
Služi da omogući bezbedno, udobno i ekonomično kretawe vozila
(biciklista ili pe{aka). Zavr{ni sloj kolovozne konstrukcije, koji je
direktno izložen dejstvu spoqa{wih sila, naziva se kolovozni zastor.
Kolovoz je izgrađena povr{ina javnog puta po kojoj se obavqa dvosmerni
ili jednosmerni saobraćaj i čine ga saobraćajne trake (vozne, dodatne,
ivične, zaustavne i sl.) za kretawe i/ili mirovawe (prinudno
zaustavqawe) vozila.
Putni objekti su mostovi (u trupu puta - podputwaci, iznad puta nadputwaci), propusti, tuneli, galerije, potporni i obložni zidovi,
zidovi za za{titu od buke i sl.
Nadputwak je objekat iznad javnog puta kojim se razre{ava ukr{tawe u
dva nivoa sa drugim putem, drugim infrastrukturnim sistemom ili
železnicom kod koje se ovakav objekat naziva podvožwak.
Podputwak je objekat ispod javnog puta kojim se razre{ava ukr{tawe u
dva nivoa sa drugim putem, drugim infrastrukturnim sistemom ili
železnicom kod koje se ovakav objekat naziva nadvožwak.
Objekti, postrojewa i uređaji za odvodwavawa služe za skupqawe,
odvođewe i/ili preusmeravawe povr{inskih, pribrežnih i podzemnih
voda u ciqu za{tite javnog puta od wihovog dejstva ili za za{titu suseda
javnog puta i recipijenata od {tetnog dejstva voda sa puta.
Prateći sadržaji javnog puta podrazumevaju povr{ine, objekte,
postrojewa i uređaje namewene efikasnom upravqawu putevima i
saobraćajem (funkcionalni sadržaji) kao i za pružawe usluga
korisnicima puta (prateći sadržaji za potrebe korisnika).
Funkcionalni sadržaji obuhvataju povr{ine, objekte, postrojewa i
uređaje u okviru baza za održavawe puta, naplatu putarine, kontrolnih
stanica, centara upravqawa saobraćajem i slično.
Sadržaji za potrebe korisnika puta podrazumevaju povr{ine i objekte
(parkirali{ta, odmori{ta, zelene povr{ine i slično) sa ili bez
građevina za uslužne delatnosti (moteli, restorani, servisi, stanice za
gorivo, prodavnice, sadržaji rekreacije i sl.).
Autobusko stajali{te je posebno izgrađena i označena saobraćajna
povr{ina uz kolovoz puta ili prikqučena na kolovoz koja je namewena
iskqučivo za zaustavqawe vozila javnog prevoza putnika.
Granice građewa su kontinualne linije unutar kojih se izvode svi
građevinski zahvati u okviru javnog puta.
Zemqi{ni pojas je kontinualna povr{ina sa obe strane puta {irine
najmawe 1 metar mereno na spoqnu stranu od granice građewa.
Putno zemqi{te obuhvata povr{inu koju zauzimaju: trup puta,
raskrsnice, prateći sadržaji i sl., odnosno, zemqi{te obuhvaćeno
granicama građewa i zemqi{nim pojasevima.
Pojas eksproprijacije obuhvata putno zemqi{te, kao i zemqi{te
nameweno za izgradwu ili rekonstrukciju drugih objekata da bi se
obezbedila funkcija u prostoru ~iji je poreme}aj uzrokovan izgradwom
ili rekonstrukcijom javnog puta.
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Raskrsnica je povr{ina na kojoj se ukr{taju ili spajaju saobraćajni
tokovi dva ili vi{e javnih puteva ili {ira saobraćajna povr{ina (trg i
slično) sa istom saobraćajnom funkcijom koja nastaje ukr{tawem ili
spajawem javnih puteva.
Prikqučak je deo javnog puta kojim se obezbeđuje saobraćajna veza sa
nekategorisanim putem ili prilaz do kompleksa i objekata u za{titnom
pojasu, pojasu kontrolisane izgradwe i {irem području javnog puta.
Ukr{taj javnog puta je mesto ukr{tawa puta i železnice u istom nivou
ili sa drugim infrastrukturnim sistemima u različitim nivoima.
Infrastrukturni sistemi obuhvataju transportne (rečni, železnički,
putni, cevovodni i sl.) i druge sisteme (snabdevawe vodom, kanalisawe,
daqinsko grejawe, snabdevawe gasom, prenos i snabdevawe elektro
energijom, telekomunikacije i sl.).
Zahtevana preglednost je potrebna preglednost za bezbedno zaustavqawe
vozila ispred nepokretne smetwe na kolovozu puta. Ova preglednost mora
biti obezbeđena na svakoj tački puta и одређује се на основу меродавних
вредности пројектне брзине у оба смера вожње.
Потребна прегледност на раскрсници (укрштај, прикључак) одређује се из
услова одвијања саобраћаја на укрсним правцима сагласно релевантној
законској и техничкој регулативи. Служи за конструкцију зоне прегледности
раскрснице која мора бити ослобођена свих препрека које на било који начин
могу угрозити безбедно одвијање саобраћаја.
Sused je vlasnik ili korisnik zemqi{ta i objekata ili uređaja na
zemqi{tu koje se najmawe jednom stranicom graniči sa putnim
zemqi{tem.
Rubni pojas puta obuhvata bankine (berme, rigole), kosine, obodne kanale
i zemqi{ni pojas, kao i razdelnu traku (pojas) ukoliko postoji.
Za{titni pojas jeste kontinualna povr{ina uz spoqnu ivicu kolovoza
čija je {irina određena ovim Zakonom i služi za za{titu puta i
saobraćaja na wemu.
Pojas kontrolisane izgradwe je kontinualna povr{ina uz spoqnu granicu
za{titnog pojasa u kojem se, u ciqu za{tite puta i saobraćaja na wemu,
ograničava vrsta i obim izgradwe objekata; ovaj pojas je iste {irine kao
i za{titni pojas.
Saobraćajna signalizacija obuhvata sredstva i uređaje kojima se
obezbeđuje praćewe, kontrola i vođewe saobraćajnih tokova
(obeležavawe na kolovozu, saobraćajni znaci sa stalnim i promenqivim
sadržajem, svetlosna signalizacija i slično) sa ciqem ostvarewa
projektovanog režima odvijawa saobraćaja.
Saobraćajna oprema obuhvata sredstva i uređaje za vizuelno i sigurnosno
obezbeđewe puta i saobraćaja na wemu (smerokazi, za{titne i sigurnosne
ograde, ogledala, rampe, markeri, kupe, {tapovi za sneg i sl.).
Putna oprema obuhvata: telekomunikacione i električne uređaje
namewene bezbednom odvijawu saobraćaja, stacionarne uređaji za
praćewe, kontrolu i regulisawe saobraćaja, uređaje za kontrolu stawa
kolovoza, uređaje za daqinsko obave{tavawe i upozoravawe, objekte i
uređaje za naplatu putarine, ventilacione i sigurnosne uređaje u
tunelima, objekte i uređaje za za{titu puta i putnog saobraćaja, kao i
objekte i uređaje za za{titu neposrednog okružewa puta.
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Upravqawe saobraćajem obuhvata primenu posebnih mera i aktivnosti
praćewa, kontrole i vođewa saobraćaja na mreži puteva ili duž
pojedinačnog putnog poteza sa ciqem obezbeđewa zahtevanog nivoa
efikasnosti i bezbednosti saobraćaja i udobnosti vožwe.
Obustava saobraćaja podrazumeva potpuni prekid saobraćaja na putu svih
vrsta vozila o čemu se mora obavestiti javnost i na propisan način
signalisati. Obustava saobraćaja traje dok postoje razlozi za uvođewe
ovakve mere.
Ograničewe saobraćaja podrazumeva zabranu kretawa pojedinih vrsta
vozila koja mogu biti {tetna za određenu deonicu puta ili putni objekat
ili ako to zahtevaju razlozi koji se odnose na za{titu puta i bezbednost
saobraćaja na wemu. O ovoj meri se mora obavestiti javnost i na propisan
način izvr{iti signalisawe. Ograničewe saobraćaja traje dok postoje
razlozi za uvođewe ovakve mere.
Vanredni prevoz je prevoz vozilima koja sama ili zajedno sa tovarom
prekoračuju bilo koji od propisima dozvoqenih elemenata (osovinsko
opterećewe, ukupna masa, {irina, dužina ili visina). Vanrednim
prevozom smatra se i prevoz kod koga je vozilo samo ili zajedno sa
tovarom u granicama propisom dozvoqenih mera, mase ili opterećewa,
ali prekoračuje ograničewe bilo kog od ovih elemenata koje je na javnom
putu ili wegovom delu određeno saobraćajnom signalizacijom.
Prekomerno kori{ćewe javnog puta ili wegovog dela predstavqa vi{e
od 50-postotno privremeno ili trajno uče{će u svim izvr{enim
prevozima robe tim putem koje je posledica obavqawa investicionih
radova ili prirode proizvodne ili uslužne delatnosti u vezi sa kojom se
vr{e prevozi (eksploatacija kamena, minerala i slično). Uče{će prevoza
se utvrđuje u prosečnom dnevnom godi{wem saobraćaju teretnih vozila
nosivosti vi{e od deset tona, {to se utvrđuje najmawe četvorostrukim
brojawem saobraćaja na izvornoj-ciqnoj lokaciji prekomernog korisnika
puta. Prekomerni korisnik puta je pravno ili fizičko lice koje vr{i
investicione radove ili delatnosti iz prethodnog stava.
Održavawe puta (funkcionalno i/ili gra|evinsko (rehabilitacija))
jeste proces očuvawa i za{tite wegovih funkcionalnih i
konstruktivnih karakteristika u stawu {to je moguće sličnijem stawu
koje je bilo u trenutku wegove izgradwe ili rekonstrukcije sa ciqem
minimizacije ukupnih tro{kova eksploatacije, saobraćajnih nezgoda i
uticaja na životnu sredinu uz minimum uloženih sredstava za održavawe
puta.
Za{tita puta obuhvata neophodne mere za za{titu puta i bezbednost
korisnika puta koje se realizuju kroz ograničavawe dopu{tenih
intervencija u putnom zemqi{tu, za{titnom pojasu i pojasu
kontrolisane izgradwe, odnosno, kontrolu i regulisawe učesnika u
saobraćaju.
Kori{ćewe puteva obuhvata efikasno, bezbedno i udobno odvijawe
saobraćaja, kao i druge aktivnosti u okviru putnog zemqi{ta saglasno
ovom Zakonu.
Razvoj puteva obuhvata tehničke, ekonomske, finansijske, organizacione
i druge aktivnosti u ciqu unapređewa putne mreže ili pojedinačnih
putnih poteza u pogledu kapaciteta, kvaliteta, bezbednosti saobraćaja i
životne sredine.
Upravqawe putevima jeste skup mera i aktivnosti kojima se obezbeđuje
racionalno održavawe, za{tita, kori{ćewe i razvoj javnih puteva i
saobraćaja na wima.
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Koncesija podrazumeva razne oblike preno{ewe određenih prava i
obaveza za definisani vremenski period u domenu izgradwe, kori{ćewa,
održavawa ili upravqawa javnim putem domaćem ili stranom pravnom
ili fizičkom licu od strane nadležnog državnog organa zakqučewem
ugovora.
Izgradwa puta jeste skup mera i aktivnosti koje obuhvataju: prethodne
radove, izradu i kontrolu investicione i tehničke dokumentacije,
građewe, stručni nadzor i druge zakonom predviđene obaveze za pu{tawe
puta u saobraćaj.
Rekonstrukcija puta jeste skup mera i aktivnosti na postojećem putu
kojima se unapređuje životna sredina, funkcionalne i konstruktivne
karakteristike puta u celini ili wegovih pojedinih elemenata ili
obejkata.
Klasifikacija puteva podrazumeva daqu razradu kategorizacije
definisane ovim Zakonom, odnosno podelu javnih puteva po
geopolitičkom, funkcionalnom i tehničkom kriterijumu saglasno
značaju i funkciji puta u putnoj mreži i topografiji terena.
Upotrebna vrednost puta podrazumeva sada{wu vrednost javnog puta, kao
celovitog investicionog objekta, s obzirom na stepen očuvanosti
wegovih projektovanih karakteristika.
Tehnička regulativa obuhvata standarde, tehničke propise, tehnička
uputstva i tehničke uslove (specifikacije) kojima se jednoznačno
defini{u relevantni parametri za racionalno i kvalitetno planirawe,
projektovawe, građewe, održavawe, kori{ćewe i upravqawe putevima.
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Glossary - Road Engineering
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Road is every built or designated area that can be used as a traffic area by all or
specific participants in traffic, under the conditions specified by law and other
regulations.
Public road is such a traffic area that is, in conformity with the roads
categorization criteria, designated by the competent authority as a public road of
a specific category that can be freely used in the manner and under conditions
specified by the law and other regulations.
State road is a categorized public road which connects the entire territory of the
country and the country with the European road network, or connects the
territory of one or several regions, or connects the tourist areas, areas near the
border and border crossings of state interest. When a road bypass outside the
urban area is not built within such a road network, a section passing through the
urban area is the integral part of the state road.
Motorway is a state road intended solely for motor vehicle traffic, with
physically divided carriageways for each direction, without at grade
intersections and with the possibility of traffic access solely at the designated
and specially built junctions, which are its integral part.
Municipal road is categorized public road that connects the area of a
municipality, or a city, and connects that municipality, or city, with the state
road network.
Uncategorized road is every traffic area that is not categorized as a public road
and on which the traffic runs in the manner and under conditions which are, in
conformity with the road traffic safety regulations, designated by the owner or
authorized entity that manages that traffic area (forest roads, agricultural roads,
access roads and accesses to the facilities or land, functional traffic areas in the
vicinity of the facilities, bus stops, roads in private ownership, etc).
State bicycle path is an independent state road intended solely for bicycle
traffic that is marked with the specified traffic signalization. The state bicycle
path is linked with the European bicycle path network and connects centers of
regional significance or leads to the significant tourist regions or centers and to
the areas of exceptional natural features.
Urban area is a developed functionally unified area that is provided with living
and working requirements and meets all the communal needs of the population.
Urban area limits are specified by the spatial and/or urban development plan and
are marked on the public road with the designated signalization.
Road outside the urban area is a part of the public road set up in the
undeveloped rural area outside urban area limits.
Road in the urban area is a part of the public road located within the urban
area limits whose functional characteristics are determined by the spatial or town
development plan of the municipality, or the city.
Public roads referencing is a regulations defined procedure of the uniform
definition of the category and spatial position of the road route and its sections
(kilometer and hectometer point) that is, by application of appropriate signs,
signalized for the purposes of keeping records, managing the traffic and the
roads and for the road user needs as well.
Public roads registry is a regulation defined number and content of relevant
data and procedures for their collection and/or updating to meet the demands of
road and traffic management.
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Sub grade structure of the road comprises the structures constructed in natural
terrain (cuts, tunnels, galleries, etc) or using natural materials – soil and stone
(fills), structures constructed using various materials (concrete, stone, steel,
wood, etc) for the purposes of bridging natural or artificial obstacles in the
terrain (bridges, culverts, etc), or for safeguarding the road body built of the soil
material from the destructive outside effects (retaining and crib walls, protective
structures, etc).
Pavement structure is a multilayer rigid or flexible system that receives
mechanical impact of the vehicles and transfers them to the sub grade structure
of the road. Its purpose is to enable safe, comfortable and economical movement
of vehicles (bicycles or pedestrians). The top layer of the carriageway structure,
which is directly exposed to the impact of external forces, is called a pavement
surfacing.
Carriageway is a constructed area of the public road on which two-way or oneway traffic occurs and which comprises traffic lanes (driving lanes, additional
lanes, edge lanes, emergency lanes, etc) for moving and/or standing (forced
stopping) of vehicles.
Road structures are bridges (in the road body – underpasses, above the road –
overpasses), culverts, tunnels, galleries, retaining and crib walls, noise protection
walls, etc.
Overpass is a structure over the public road that enables grade-separated
intersection with another road, another infrastructure system or a railway track;
with railways such a structure is called rail-underpass.
Underpass is a structure under the public road that enables grade-separated
intersection with another road, another infrastructure system or a railway track;
with railways such a structure is called rail-overpass.
Structures, installations and equipment of drainage systems serve for
collection, drainage and/or redirecting of surface, slope and underground waters
with a purpose of protecting the public road from their impact or for protection
of the public road neighbors and recipients from the adverse effects of the waters
from the road.
Service facilities of the public road are areas, structures, installations and
devices intended for the efficient management of the roads and traffic
(functional facilities), as well as facilities to meet road user needs (road user
oriented facilities).
Functional facilities are the areas, structures, installations and devices within the
maintenance depots, toll collection areas, control stations, traffic control centers
etc.
Road user oriented facilities are the areas and structures (parking places, rest
areas, green surfaces, etc) with or without buildings for service activities
(motels, restaurants, repair shops, fuel stations, stores, sport & recreation
facilities, etc).
Bus stop is a specially built and marked traffic area located next to the
carriageway as a bus bay or connected to the carriageway intended solely for
stopping of passengers public transport vehicles.
Construction limits are continuous lines encompassing the area within which
all the works in public road construction process are undertaken.
Land strip is a continuous area on both sides of the road that is at least one
meter wide and measured from the construction limit outwards.
Right of way (ROW) includes the areas occupied by the road body,
intersections, service facilities, etc., actually, the land surface within the
construction limits and land strips as well.
Land aquisition zone includes right of way area as well as land proposed for
building or reconstruction other structures perturbated with road construction or
reconstruction.
10
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
Intersection is an area where crossing and/or turning movement of traffic
streams from two or more public roads take place, or a wider traffic area (a
square or similar) having the same function and created by intersecting or fusion
of the public roads.
Junction is a part of the public road enabling connection with an uncategorized
road or access to the buildings and structures in the road protection zone, the
controlled development zone or in a wider area adjacent to the public road.
Crossing of the public road is a location at which the road intersects the railway
track (or tracks) at grade (railway crossing) or grade separated with other
infrastructure systems ducts.
Infrastructure systems include transportation (river, railway, road, pipeline,
etc) and other systems (water supply, sewer, heating, gas supply, energy
transmission and supply, telecommunications, etc).
Required sight distance is necessary distance free of visual intrusions required
for safe stopping of a vehicle in front of the stationary obstacle on the
carriageway. This sight distance must be maintained at all points of the road and
it is defined based on the standard values of the design speed in both traffic flow
directions.
Required sight zone at intersections (intersection, junction) is defined based
on the conditions for the traffic flows on intersecting carriageways in conformity
with the relevant legal and technical regulations. It is used for the construction of
the area at intersection that must be free of all obstacles that can in any way
impair the traffic safety requirements.
Neighbor is the owner or user of the land or objects or devices on the land that,
at least with one side, borders the road right of way.
Roadside is the entire right of way except the carriageway thus including
median (if existent), shoulders, berms, cut or fill slopes, open channels and land
strips.
Road protection zone (RPZ) is a continuous area along the outer perimeter of
the roadway. This Law designates its width and it serves for protection of the
road and the traffic on it.
Controlled development zone (CDZ) is a continuous area along the outer limits
of road protection zone (RPZ) in which, for the road and pertaining traffic
protection purposes, type and size of building construction is restricted; this
zone (CDZ) is of the same width as the road protection zone (RPZ).
Traffic signalization includes means and devices that enable monitoring,
control and management of the traffic flows (carriageway markings, traffic signposts with the constant or variable content, light signals, etc) with an aim to
implement the designed traffic flow regime.
Traffic equipment includes means and devices used to insure visual and safety
requirements of the road and the pertaining traffic (direction signs, protection
and safety railings, mirrors, swing-gates, markers, cones, snow sticks, etc).
Road equipment includes telecommunication and electric devices used to
provide for traffic safety; stationary devices used for monitoring, control and
regulation of the traffic flows; condition of the carriageway monitoring devices;
devices for remote information and warning system; facilities and devices for
toll collection; ventilation and safety devices in tunnels; structures and devices
for protection of the road and road traffic; and structures and devices for
protection of the immediate surroundings of the road.
Traffic management includes implementation of special measures and
activities regarding monitoring, controlling and directing of traffic flows at the
road network level or along the specific road routes in order to provide for the
required level of efficiency and safety of the traffic and driving comfort.
11
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
Traffic suspension is a total road closure for traffic for all types of vehicles.
General public must be properly informed about this measure and signalization
applied as designated. Traffic suspension shall be in force as long as the reasons
for implementation of this measure are present.
Traffic restriction is a prohibition of movement for specific types of vehicles
that can be harmful for a specific section of the road or road facility or due to the
reasons related to the protection of the road itself or pertaining traffic safety
reasons. General public must be properly informed about this measure and
signalization applied as designated. Traffic restriction shall be in force as long as
the reasons for implementation of this measure are present.
Irregular transport is a transport by a vehicle that by itself or together with the
vehicle load exceeds any of the legally permissible elements (axial load, total
mass, width, length, or height). Transport in which a vehicle by itself or together
with the load is within the limits of the legally permissible dimensions, mass or
weight, but exceeds the restriction level of any of these elements that is specified
by the traffic signalization on the public road, or its section, is also considered to
be an irregular transport.
Excessive usage of the public road or its section is the temporary or permanent
percentage exceeding 50% as calculated to total freight transport at that road or
its section being caused by investment works, type of production or services
(exploitation of stone, minerals, etc). The percentage is determined based on
Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) value for freight transport vehicles with
load capacity of over ten tons. AADT value is defined by at least fourfold traffic
counting at origin-destination locations of the excessive road user. An excessive
road user is a legal entity or private person performing investment works or
activities mentioned above.
Road maintenance (functional and/or structural (rehabilitation)) is a procedure
of preservation and protection of the functional or physical features of the road
in order to provide, as close as possible, the conditions characteristic for the
moment of construction or reconstruction works completion. Road maintenance
is undertaken with the aim of minimizing total user costs, traffic accidents and
environmental impact and road maintenance cost as well.
Road protection involves necessary measures for protection of the road and
road users safety that are implemented through restriction of permissible
interventions in the road right of way (ROW), road protection zone (RPZ), and
controlled development zone (CDZ), and the surveillance and control of the
traffic participants.
Road usage comprises efficient, safe and comfortable flow of traffic and other
activities within the road right of way in conformity with this Law.
Development of roads comprises technical, economical, financial,
organizational and other activities aimed at the improvement of level of service,
quality, traffic safety and environmental protection of the road network or
specific road route.
Road management is a set of measures and activities aimed at the rational
maintenance, protection, usage and development of public roads and pertaining
traffic.
Concession entails various forms of specific rights and obligations transfer for a
predefined time period in the scope of construction, usage, maintenance or
management of public roads. This transfer is defined by a contract between a
domestic or foreign legal entity or private person and the responsible state
authority.
Road construction is a set of measures and activities that include: preceding
works, investment and technical documentation preparation and review,
construction, expert supervision and other obligations, as designated by the law,
related to putting the road into operation.
12
51.
52.
53.
54.
Road reconstruction is a set of measures and activities on the existing road
intended for improvement of the environment quality, functional and physical
features of the road as a whole or its specific elements or structures.
Road classification understands further elaboration of the categorization as
defined by this Law, namely, classification of the public roads based on
geopolitical, functional or technical criteria compatible with road function within
the network and terrain topography.
Usable road value is the present worth of the public road as an investment
structure entity, measured in relation to the level of preservation of its designed
characteristics.
Technical regulations comprise standards, technical directions, technical
instructions (policy) and technical conditions (specifications) that
unambiguously define relevant parameters for planning, design, construction,
maintenance, usage and management of the roads in order to achieve required
rationality and quality.
13
14
15
16
RE^NIK TERMINA
Nema~ki
Engleski
Francuski
1
Kronenbreite
Crown width
Plate-forme
2
Mittelstreifen
Median
Terre-plein central
3
Innerer Fahrstreifen
Lane two
Voie de gauche
4
Aeusserer Fahrstreifen
Lane one
Voie de droite
5
Standstreifen
Shoulder
Bande d'arrêt d'urgence
6
Bankett
Verge
Accôtement non stabilisé
7
Boeschung
Slope
Arrondi de talus
8
Randstreifen
Marginal strip
Surlarger
9
Randstreifen
Marginal strip
Surlarge
10
Distanzschutzplanke
Guardrail
Glissière
11
Bordrinne
Gutter
Caniveau
12
Randmarkierung
Edge line
Bande de guidage
13
Mittelmarkierung
Traffic lane
Bande mediané
14
Leitpfosten
Delineator
Délinéateur
15
mindestens 2,5%
at least 2,5%
minimum 2,5%
16
Strassenablauf
Gutter outlet
Avaloir
17
Querdurchlass
Transverse culvert
Tuyau transversal
18
Planum
Formation
Forme
19
Oberboden
Top soil
Terrassement
20
Rauhbettmulde
Check-drain
Cuvette pierrée en hérisson
21
Oberbau
Pavement
Chaussée
22
Unterbau
Embankment
Couche de forme
23
Untergrund
Subgrade
Sol de fondation
24
Sammler
Collector
Collecteur
25
Sickerrohrleitung
Drain
Conduite drainante
26
Pruefschacht
Manhole
Puits de contrôle
27
Fahrbahnbefestigung
Pavement
Chaussée
28
Deckschicht aus Asphaltbeton
Asphaltic concrete
Couche de surface en béeton bitumineux
29
Asphaltbinderschicht
Asphaltic binder course Couche de liason en asphalte
30
Bituminoese Tragschicht
Bituminous base
Couche de base bitumineuse
31
Frostschutzschicht Kiessand
Gravel frost blanket
Couche antigél en grave-sable
32
Gesamtdicke des
Total thickness of
Epaisseur totale de la
frostsicheren Oberbaues
frost-proof structure
chaussée antigélive
17
18
RE^NIK TERMINA
Nema~ki
Engleski
Francuski
1
Kronenbreite
Crown width
Plate-forme
2
Boeschung
Slope
Arrondi de talus
3
Bankett
Verge
Accôtement non stabilisé
4
Standstreifen
Shoulder
Bande d'arrêt d'urgence
5
Aeusserer Fahrstreifen
Lane one
Voie de droite
6
Innerer Fahrstreifen
Lane two
Voie de gauche
7
Mittelstreifen
Median
Terre-plein central
8
Randstreifen
Marginal strip
Surlarger
9
Randstreifen
Marginal strip
Surlarge
10
Leitpfosten
Delineator
Délinéateur
11
Randmarkierung
Edge line
Bande de guidage
12
Mittelmarkierung
Traffic lane
Bande mediané
13
Distanzschutzplanke
Guardrail
Glissière
14
mindestens 2,5%
at least 2,5%
minimum 2,5%
15
Oberbau
Pavement
Chaussée
16
Unterbau
Embankment
Couche de forme
17
Untergrund
Subgrade
Sol de fondation
18
Planum
Formation
Forme
19
Oberboden
Top soil
Terrassement
20
Fahrbahnbefestigung
Pavement
Chaussée
21
Fahrbahndecke aus Beton
Concrete pavement
Couche de roulement en béton
22
Hydraulisch gebundene
Tragschicht
Hydraulically
bound base
Couche de base liée
hydrauliquement
23
Frostschutzschicht
Gravel frost blanket
Couche antigél en grave-sable
24
Gesamtdicke des
frostsicheren Oberbaues
Total thickness of
frost-proof structure
Epaisseur totale de la
chaussée antigélive
19