Norwegian Coastal Highway Route E39 - Status

Transcription

Bridges Annual Conference , Norway
Oslo 3rd - 4th November, 2014
Norwegian Coastal Highway Route E39
- Status Overview
10.11.20 14
Mr. Olav Ellevset, Project Manager Coastal Highway Route E39, NPRA
Route E39
E39 Kristiansand-Trondheim
about 1100 km
E39 Ferry Link KristiansandHirtshals in Denmark
E39 connects with E45 in
Aalborg, Denmark
10.11.20 14
Coastal Highway Route E39
E39 Kristiansand - Trondheim
1100 km
8 Ferry links
remaining
8 of 17 national
ferry links
US$ 25 billion
over 20 years
(2014-33)
10.11.20 14
E39 Fjord Crossings
Key Figures
(Width, Depth)
Halsafjorden, 2 km, 5-600 m
Moldefjorden, 13 km subsea
tunnel - 330 m + 1,6 km bridge,
5-600 m
Storfjorden/Sulafjorden, 3,4 km,
500 m
Voldafjorden, 2,5 km, 600 m
Nordfjorden, 1,7 km, 3-500 m
Sognefjorden, 3,7 km, 1250 m
Bjørnafjorden, 4-5 km, 5-600 m
Boknafjorden, Rogfast Subsea
tunnels, 26,7 km, - 390 m
(Floating bridge option, 7,5 km,
550 m depth)
10.11.20 14
E39 Fjord Crossings
Main Concepts Sognefjord
Depth 1300 m
Main span 3700 m
Length 4000 m
Reinertsen Olav Olsen & Others Consortium
Bruseksjonen i Vegdirektoratet
Links to Video animations:
Norwegian, short (02:30) and long (06:21)
http://www.vegvesen.no/Vegprosjekter/ferjefriE39/Film
English (06:20)
http://www.vegvesen.no/Vegprosjekter/ferjefriE39/Engl
ish/Film
10.11.20 14
Aas Jacobsen/Johs Holt/Cowi/NGI/Skanska Group
E39 Fjord Crossings
More Typical Depths are 5-600m
Bjørnafjord Crossing
Length 4-5 km
10.11.20 14
E39 Challenges in Research
Fjord Crossings
● Up to now mostly worked with «clean» concepts:
– Floating bridges
– Submerged floating tunnels (SFT)
– Suspension bridges
● Combinations are coming up:
– Module between Floating bridges and SFTs
– From SFT to Subsea Rock Tunnel or Submerged
Concrete Tunnel
10.11.20 14
E39 Fjord Crossings
Steel Consumption Girders
Akashi Kaikyo
Storebælt
Messina
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● Main Span: 1991m
● Weigth girder: 0,85 t/m2
● Completed 1998
● Completed 1998
● Planned completed 2016
E39 R&D Program NTNU
WP 1 Fjord Crossings – Identified Projects
Currently Eigth Phds financed + support to Three Phd
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1.1 Computer simulation of coupled vehicle-bridge systems under severe environmental
conditions
1.2 Dynamic response of cable-supported bridges with floating towers
1.3 Critical load combinations with focus on cable-supported bridges with floating towers
1.4 Combined computational fluid structure interaction and wind tunnel studies of bridge
deck sections for ultra-long suspension bridges
1.5 Hydroelastic stability of submerged floating tunnels
1.6 Moored floating bridges and submerged floating tunnels subjected to parametric
excitation
1.7 Risk assessment for marine bridges with focus on ship collision and fire/explosion
1.8 Vortex induced behavior of cable supported bridges
1.9 Modelling and analysis of damping in structural systems
1.10 Reliability analysis of marine bridges including system effects
1.11 Anchoring for fjord crossings at E39
1.12 Dynamic modelling and analysis of long span cable-supported bridges subjected to
wind loading with emphasis on field measurements
1.13 Dynamic modelling and analysis of long span cable-supported bridges subjected to
wind loading with emphasis on wind tunnel measurements
1.14 Advanced Numerical Modeling of Floating Structures for the E39 Crossings
1.15 Force identification using measured dynamic response *)
1. 16 Experimental investigation of hydrodynamic behavior of slender submerged bodies *
1.17 Ship collisions
1.18 Explosion loads and load effects on submerged floating tunnels
1.19 Deep foundations
WP 1 Fjord Crossings – Initiated Projects
● 1.2 Dynamic response of cable-supported bridges with floating towers
● 1.6 Moored floating bridges and submerged floating tunnels subjected to
parametric excitation
● 1.9 Modelling and analysis of damping in structural systems
● 1.12 Dynamic modelling and analysis of long span cable-supported
bridges subjected to wind loading with emphasis on field measurements
● 1.13 Dynamic modelling and analysis of long span cable-supported
bridges subjected to wind loading with emphasis on wind tunnel
measurements
● 1. 16 Experimental investigation of hydrodynamic behavior of slender
submerged bodies
● 1.17 Ship collisions
● 1.18 Explosion loads and load effects on submerged floating tunnels
● 1.19 Deep foundations
10.11.20 14
1.2 Dynamic response of cable-supported
bridges with floating towers
● Cable-supported bridges with floating towers represent new
challenges when it comes to prediction of the dynamic behavior.
● There is a complex interaction between the moorings and the
floating towers, and the towers and the slender bridge deck
● Traffic-, hydrodynamic-, and aerodynamic loads appear at same
time
Outcomes:
● Advanced calculation procedures that can be used to assess the
flutter stability and overall dynamic performance of such bridges
● An overview of the importance of the parameters involved in the
calculations
● Simplified methods that can be used to assess the structures
performance in the initial design phase
Details for research projects given in hidden slides
10.11.20 14
1.6 Moored floating bridges and submerged floating
tunnels (SFT) subjected to parametric excitation
● Various types of mooring systems are involved
● In the design it is vital to control any non-linear parametric
excitations, influencing several aspects of the structure.
● The mooring system may experience excessive lateral
vibration, time shear-axial vibrations larger than those
given in regular design.
● Vibrations may introduce large acceleration responses in
the main structure.
Outcomes:
● Identify design parameters from parametric excitation.
● Introduce system reliability tools to enhance the design of
submerged/floating bridges and mooring systems.
10.11.20 14
1.11 Anchoring Systems for Fjord Crossings
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Both floating and submerged bridges will be relatively slender structures in need of anchoring to resist the environmental loads, and there will be a need for research on anchoring methods currently not allowed for in the design regulations.
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The anchoring technology developed in the offshore oil and gas industry will be evaluated with respect to the applicability for fjord crossings. Alternative solutions may be anchoring using rock bolts, driven piles, seabed preparation with rock fills for gravity anchors.
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The anchor type will depend on the seabed sediment type, the seabed inclination and type of loading. Methods for capacity calculation for cyclic loads will be applied.
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Prototypes will be developed for testing of installation methods and holding capacity.
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Field tests will be performed to verify calculation methods for holding capacity and installation methodology.
Outcomes
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State of the art report on anchoring methods
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Evaluation and recommendation of the most favorable anchoring method applicable for proposed fjord crossings concepts for E39.
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One or more prototype models for the most promising anchoring systems.
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Installation and load testing of a prototype
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1.12 Dynamic modelling and analysis of long span
cable-supported bridges subjected to wind loading with
emphasis on field measurements
● One of the essential requirements of modern bridge design is to
avoid excessive levels of wind-induced vibrations.
● At the Hardanger Bridge (main span 1310 m), a monitoring
program for wind velocities and accelerations is currently carried
out by the Department of Structural Engineering.
● The scope of this PhD project is to use the results to verify and
further develop the state of the art methodology used to predict
wind induced dynamic response of long span bridges.
Outcomes:
● Advanced calculation procedures that can be used to assess the
overall dynamic performance of such bridges.
● An overview of the importance of the parameters involved in the
calculations
● Information about the model uncertainty involved in prediction of
the wind induced dynamic response
10.11.20 14
1.18 Explosion loads and load effects on
submerged floating tunnels
● NPRA Design guidelines advice an internal explosion pressure of
700 kPa.
● Study to assess whether this pressure level is sufficient as an
equivalent static design load.
● To include variations in diameters and pressure
● May include experiments with explosives in a tube of sufficient
dimensions to represent realistic material and structural
characteristics for a tubular bridge.
● Experimental facilities in cooperation with the Norwegian Defence
Estate Agency (NDEA)
Outcomes
● Computational model for full scale and model scale concrete tube
● Information about spatial and time variation of pressure for actual
explosive loading
● Possible damage of concrete material during explosion
10.11.20 14
1.13 Dynamic modelling and analysis of long span
cable-supported bridges subjected to wind loading with
emphasis on wind tunnel measurements
● The aim is to contribute to the development and application of
wind tunnel testing in prediction of wind induced dynamic
response of long span bridges.
● Particular focus on split- deck sections, and how these can be
designed to achieve high aerodynamic damping, low vortex
induced response, and high aero-elastic stability limit.
● The goal is especially to study the uncertainties involved in
wind tunnel testing and how these affects the reliability of long
span bridges.
Outcomes:
● Improved methodology to identify load models from wind
tunnel measurements
● Load coefficients for a wider frequency band which is essential
for long span bridges
● Information about the model uncertainty involved in prediction
of the wind induced dynamic response
10.11.20 14
1.14 Advanced Numerical Modeling of Floating
Structures for the E39 Crossings
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The pontoons for a floating bridge or submerged floating tunnels can be fully or
partially submerged, with the possibility of anchoring or mooring systems.
As the structural integrity of the two crossing structures rest upon the system of
pontoons, it is crucial to have a full understanding of their interaction with the
surrounding phases water and air.
Existing numerical models for hydrodynamic analysis suffer from simplifications,
and experimental studies can be expensive and time consuming.
Compared to simplified models, three-dimensional numerical models are
computationally more demanding, but deliver a higher level of detail and accuracy.
In contrast to experiments, all flow information is readily available at any stage and
in any location of the simulation, giving deep insight into the physics of the flow.
Numerical calculations can easily be repeated.
The three-dimensional numerical model REEF3D will be used.
Outcomes
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10.11.20 14
3D Numerical model for the calculation of floating structures published under
open source license
Increased understanding of the hydrodynamic behavior and underlying physics of
floating structures involved in the E39 fjord crossings
1. 16 Experimental investigation of hydrodynamic behavior of
slender submerged bodies
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Investigations of the hydrodynamic properties of slender structures with
non-circular cross sections
Propose a formulation of motion induced forces, and enable prediction of
critical current velocities for instability phenomenon such as galloping and
flutter.
Investigate the coupling effects between horizontal, vertical and rotational
motions.
Experiments
● Towing tests with changes in angle of attach (min 5 angles) where the
velocity is stepwise increased during one towing.
● Towing tests for a range of velocities (10 – 15 velocities). System
identification is used to extract load coefficients
● Test performed again with different characteristics
● These tests are performed for a minimum of three cross sectional shapes.
Outcomes
● Achieve a formulation of motion induced forces for a cross section which is
independent of other structural properties.
● Reduce the need for extensive section testing and full three dimensional
model tests. Allow for multimodal analysis and coupling effects between a
large number of modes. High accuracy in pre-design to increase the
possibility of achieving an optimized concept.
10.11.20 14
1.17 Ship Collisions
● Some of the fjord crossings are being trafficked by very large ships, and ship
collision may be one of the most important design criteria.
● Include passenger and merchant vessels, and submarines
● Local deformation at contact point, and global motion of bridge and ship
● In cases where the ship may undergo significant (planar) motion in surge, sway
and yaw, the global model must include a realistic ship motion model.
● The ship model to be based upon hydrodynamic coefficients for a ship
maneuvering model.
Outcomes
● Force-deformation curves for a selection of ship bows
● A library of ship forebody finite element models (forward of ship collision
bulkhead).
● A model for simulation of planar ship motions, applicable to global analysis
● A verified procedure for analysis of local damage and global response
● Propose improved rule formulations for analysis of ship impact
● Assessment of the resistance to ship impacts for selected strait crossing
concepts
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Foto www.tu.n
1.19 Deep Water Foundations
● Deep water foundations are comparable to some offshore
structures, and will depend on soil conditions and loads.
● Possibilities are types of jacket structures on steel piles, or
gravitational types of foundations
● Jacket solutions will withstand an overturning moment as axial
forces in the piles, requiring relatively thick soil layers.
● For gravitational foundations to withstand the overturning
moments, an optimal combination of dead weight and diameter
must be ensured. May require preparation of the sea bottom.
● Options may be innovative solutions in combination with
tendons.
Outcomes:
● Possible solutions for deep foundations for actual fjord
crossings on E39
10.11.20 14
E39 R&D Program Chalmers University
Relevant Research Bridges and Materials
1. Laser welded sandwich steel elements
2. Durable concrete structures with fibre reinforcement
7. Corrosion free reinforced concrete for the E39
infrastructures
12. Graphene enhanced cementitious materials in the
E39 infrastructures
13. Graphene feasibility and foresight study for road
infrastructure
10.11.20 14
1. Laser Welded Sandwich Steel Elements
This research proposal aims at developing new and novel
structural concept which incorporates steel sandwich
elements as an alternative for conventional orthotropic
bridge decks typically used in the design and construction
of ultra-long span bridges and movable bridges. Focus is
on maximizing the stiffness-to-weight ratio in these bridge
elements so as to allow for ultra-long bridges beyond what
is considered feasible today. That is expected to bring
substantial advantages in bridge designs similar to what is
planned in the Ferjefri E39 project. A successful
implementation of these new concepts is expected to have
considerable impact on the design of long-span cablesupported bridges as a whole, including foundations,
pylons and – more important – the cables supporting the
bridge superstructure
10.11.20 14
2. Durable Concrete Structures with Fibre
Reinforcement
The aim of this project is to understand how fibres
influence the transport properties and the electrochemical
corrosion process in reinforced structures, with respect to
chloride induced reinforcement corrosion. The objective is
to provide recommendations with respect to durability and
input to service life models for ultra high performance fibre
reinforced concrete structures.
10.11.20 14
R&D Program Chalmers University
7. Corrosion Free Reinforced Concrete for the
E39 Infrastructures
Owing to the coast lines and the used of de-icing salt on
the road in the winter, the E39 infrastructures will be
exposed to severe chloride environment. Chloride-induced
corrosion of steel in reinforced concrete structures is by far
a worldwide problem related to the service life of
infrastructures. From both Norwegian 10 years' and
Swedish 20 years' field exposure data it is known that the
conventional way of lowering water-binder ratio may not be
sufficient for assuring 100 years' service life. This project
intend to develop a novel covercrete and to complement
the conventional durability design so as to assure desired
service life of the E39 infrastructures without corrosion
problems.
10.11.20 14
12. Graphene Enhanced Cementitious Materials
in the E39 Infrastructures
Cement-based concrete is the most widely used building
and construction material, but its intrinsic weak tensile
strength greatly limits its application without steel
reinforcement. Chloride-induced corrosion of steel in
reinforced concrete structures is by far a worldwide
problem related to the service life of infrastructures. This
project intend to develop low-cost graphene for
enhancement of cementitious material at the nano-scale so
as to dramatically increase the tensile strength of
cementitious materials and reduce the use of steel
reinforcement.
10.11.20 14
13. Graphene Feasibility and Foresight Study for
Road Infrastructure
This proposal outlines a feasibility and foresight study with
the purpose of outlining the principal routes for how
Statens Vegvesen and the E39 Coastal Highway Route
initiative are to develop the necessary graphene knowledge
base, with the final aim to provide insights on how
graphene can be utilized to its full and appropriate extent
across the repertoire of infrastructures that Statens
Vegvesen deploys.
10.11.20 14
E39 R&D Program University of Stavanger (UiS)
Bridge Related Research
● Focus on Suspension bridges and wind
– system identification
– wind induced vibrations of bridge cables
– improved numerical modelling of wind-induced
respons
– numerical study of wind-flow in complex terrain
● Financing two PhDs + financial support two PhDs og
one Professor II postion
10.11.20 14
Research into
Concrete Technology
Current design methods and
requirements are not verified for large
scale structures or long service life, and
data are lacking for binder types used
today.
Three work packages to meet the needs
for an improved design basis for large
scale reinforced concrete structures.
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Foto SINTEF
7.1 Design for Service Limit States and Long
Service Life of Reinforced Concrete Structures
The impact of cracks is not fully understood and the data are
inconsistent. Recent research indicates that the separation along the
reinforcement affects the extent of corrosion in the vicinity of ponded
cracks, whereas the crack width is of less importance.
To improve the design basis for large scale reinforced concrete
structures, three work packages are defined:
1. Relevance of crack width and decompression requirements
(limits) due to durability aspects of conventional reinforcement.
2. Shrinkage, creep, temperature effects, and long term strength in
large concrete structures.
3. Evaluation and improvement of currently available crack width
calculation methods.
10.11.20 14
E39 Fjord Crossings
Current Activities Bjørnafjord
● Preliminary design Floating bridge Bjørnafjord
– Aas-Jakobsen, Johs Holt, Cowi & Others
● Preliminary design Submerged floating tunnel
– Bjørnafjord: Reinertsen, Olav Olsen, Norconsult & Others
● Assistance with developing the TLP-concept for
suspension bridge on floating foundations:
– TDA A/S, Aker Solutions
● Risk analyses for ship collisions: SSPA Sweden AB
● Data collection:
– Wind: Kjeller Vindteknikk
– Currents and waves: DHI Norway
– Seismic and sediments
10/11/201 4
E39 Fjord Crossings
Long Span Suspension Bridges Wind Tunnel
Testing
● Julsundet Suspension
bridge
– to be completed 2014
● Halsafjorden Suspension
bridge
– to be completed summer
2015
At Copenhagen Wind Tunnel (Sven Ole Hansen ApS, DK)
10.11.20 14
E39 Fjord Crossings
Julsundet Bridge
Part of Møreaksen between Molde and Ålesund
● Classic suspension bridge
– Main span 1600 m
– Closed box girder
10/11/201 4
E39 Fjord Crossings
Halsafjorden Bridge - Outline
● Classic suspension bridge
– Main span 2050 m
– Twin box girder
– 30 m between hangers and cross-beams
10/11/201 4
E39 Fjord Crossings
Halsafjorden – Eigen-frequencies and Flutter
Mode
HS1
HA1
VA1
VS1
HS2
VS2
TA1
VA2
TS1
10/11/201 4
Frequency [Hz] Period [T]
0.039
25.67
0.074
13.46
0.084
11.91
0.103
9.74
0.115
8.66
0.138
7.25
0.156
6.40
0.157
6.37
0.158
6.32
E39 Fjord Crossings
Upcoming Activities
● Sulafjord (5-6 km):
– Study of crossing concepts
– Wind, currents and waves
– Risk analyses ship collision
● Halsafjord (2 km):
– Currents and waves
● Vartdalsfjord (between Ørsta and Hareid) (2-3 km):
– Wind
● Langenuen (between Stord and Tysnes):
– Prelim. design suspension bridge (main span ~1200 m)
10.11.20 14
Route E39 Industrial Issues
Kleven Maritime
Ulsteinvik
Laser Welding Robots
• Reduced costs
• Predictable quality
• Less demanding control
• Less emissions from
transport of componenets
10.11.20 14
E39 Energy Component
Contributing to Meeting Climate Goals ?
May start talking about:
• Passive Roads
• Plus Roads, or
• Power Roads
Potentials look larger than
previously anticipated !
10.11.20 14

Norwegian Coastal Highway Route E39 - Status

Transcription

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