Microcontroller in Science experiment kit documentation

Transcription

SCi-B X Microcontroller in Science Experiment kit l 1
SCi-B X
Microcontroller
in Science experiment kit
documentation
2 l SCi-B X Microcontroller in Science Experiment kit
Chapter 1
Introduction to
SCi-B X
SCi-BOX is a universal programmable controller board that contain a small
microcontroller and many relate input/output components. The figure 1 shows the
operation diagram of SCi-BOX board and system. The heart of operation is i-Stamp based
on BASIC Stamp2SX OEM version. It is connected with the serial A/D processor to read the
alalog data into system. i-Stamp will process and analyse to send the data to any actuator
such as mechanical relays, DC motors, stepper motors and speaker.
SCi-BOX will guide you as you build, program, test, and calibrate a multi-sensor
environmental control system with a data logger. With this instrument you will measure
ambient temperature, light level, magnetic field, voltage, resistance, current and detect
the sound. You will monitor and maintain the temperature level in an area with a relay
and temperature sensor. Feedback about the operation of the controller will be conveyed
to you audibly with a piezo speaker and collected data will be displayed on your computer
screen. Experimenters will be introduced to each subsystem one at a time, and integrate
them in small steps.
RS-232 serial port
(connected via P16)
Analog input connector
SENSOR0 to
SENSOR7.
Convert to digital data
and sent data to the main
microcontroller by A/D
conversion processor.
Interface with serial
signal
Programmable
Digital Input/Output
P8-P11
P13
2-ch. DC motor
drivers
4-ch. Mechanical
relay drivers
i-Stamp
BASIC controller
rmodule
P0-P7
Figure 1-1 SCi-B X operation diagram
P14
P15
P12
2-ch. Stepper motor drivers.
Operate with a serial
stepper motor co-processor
Drive sound via
Piezo speaker
1.1 Technical features of SCi-BOX main board
1.1.1 Main controller
l Controlled by i-Stamp (the OEM BASIC Stamp2SX) with PBASIC programming
l 16KB EEPROM divide to 8 pages 2KB each and can access all pages in during
working.
l 10,000 PBASIC instructions per second speed
l Connect RS-232 serial port for downloadings and communication
1.1.2 Input/Output
l 8-ch. Programmable digial input/output port
l 8-ch. Analog input. Maximum voltage input is +5V. The ADC Co-processor functions
these inputs and interface i-Stamp with serial. Resolution of conversion is 10 bits. The value
is 0 to 1,023.
1.1.3 On-board output components
l 4-LEDs indicator (connected to P8 to P11)
l 4-ch. Relay drivers shared with LED indicator and Motor driver circuit. Relay contact
rating can support 220Vac 5A load. The coil voltage is +12V.
l 2-ch. DC motor driver shared with LED indicator and Relay driver circuit. Support
6 to 12V DC motor.There are bi-color LED for indicated the operation. Select mode between
relay and motor driver circuit by a jumper.
l 2-ch. Stepper motor drivers serially interface with a Stepper motor Co-processor.
Support +12V uni-polar stepper motor.
l Piezo speaker for sounding. The resonant frequency range is 1kHz to 3kHz.
1.1.4 Power supply
l Apply the supply voltage to SCi-BOX via 2 points. One is DC jack adaptor. Another
is a 2-pins terminal block. On-board provides the polarity voltage circuit for setting the
internal polarity of supply voltage. It causes SCi-BOX board can work with any polarity of
DC adaptor
l Wide range of the supply voltage input 9 to 16V. On-board +5V 500mA regulator
circuit.
1.2 Part list
l SLCD16x2
l DC adaptor 12V 500mA
l Crocodile clip cable
l Digital sensors and detectors include :
Logic detection group (D group)
Switch input board x 3
38kHz Infrared module board x 2
Signal Comparator board x2
RC time contstant measurement group (C group)
Capacitance
Instantaneous detection group (P group)
Sound event detector
l Analog sensors (A group) include :
Light detector (x 2)
Light reflector (x 2)
Temperature sensor (x 2)
Magnetic field sensor
Variable resistor (x 5)
prepare 3 types.
Vertical potentiometer (x 2)
Horizontal potentiometer (x 2)
Slide (x 1)
Infrared detection by photo transistor (x 2)
Current measurement board
Resistance measurement board
Voltage attenuator for voltage measurement board ; selectable 2 ratios.
l Output device (O group) include :
Infrared LED board (x 2)
Bi-color LED indicator board
l DC motor operating voltage 3 to 12V range
l 12V Uni-polar Stepper motor
l Resistors and Capacitors for experiemnts 10 values and one piece per value.
D5
1N5819
J1
DC INPUT
6-16V.
+V
S1
POWER
ON / OFF
D6
1N4001
C5
220/16V
K1
BATT.
INPUT
C2
0.1/63V
D1-D4
1N4001 x4
+5V
D
LED1
POWER
C1
470/25V
C6
0.1/63V
2
3
C8
0.1/63V
C7
0.1/63V
K2
DOWNLOAD
DB-9 FEMALE
S2
RESET
+5V
K8
SENSOR5
+5V
6
K7
SENSOR4
+5V
7 AN0
5 AN2
GP3
GP5
K6
SENSOR3
+5V
3
K5
SENSOR2
+5V
5 AN2
K4
SENSOR1
+5V
6
K3
SENSOR0
+5V
7 AN0
AN1
IC2
i-Stamp
R3
10k
18
20
4
NXP2220S-SMC
1 RST
C12
1/50V
GND
10
P15
BUSY
7
5
CR1
4MHz
SER IN
6
P14
P8
P9
P10
R4
150
P11
17
K21
MOTOR-A
C13
10/16V
13
SP1
PIEZO
14
16
MOTOR-A #1
2
MOTOR-A #2
7 2A
11
10
K18
P7
K17
P6
+5V
R11
220
K16
P5
+5V
R10
220
10
K15
P4
+5V
R9
220
9
K14
P3
+5V
R8
220
K13
P2
+5V
R7
220
7
K12
P1
+5V
R6
220
6
R5
220
12
11
8
5
P7
8
9
IC8/4
1
IC8/1
IC8/3
10
3
5
4
6
16
IC8/2
P6
9
IC8/1-IC8/4 :
74HC32
P5
1Y 3
1A
2Y
4Y
3Y
3A
14
RY1
RELAY 12V
P1
9
P0
1
3
5
7
D0 Q0
D1 Q1
D2 Q2
D3 Q3
R18
R17
R19
R20
8
R17-R20
510 x4
LED7 LED6 LED5 LED4
P11 P10 P9 P8
Figure 1-2 SCi-B X schematic diagram
16
R24
14
R23
12
R22
10
R21
R21-R24
47 x4
IC9
ULN2003
INVERT
+
C15
0.1/63V
+
13 12 5
K23
P8 RELAY
NO
C
LED2
DIR. #A
LED3
DIR. #B
R16
2k2
K22
MOTOR-B
4
DIRECT
DC MOTOR
JP1
DRIVER
SELECT
P2
+
DIRECT
11
34EN
P3
+
R15
2k2
Vcc1
P4
INVERT
6
12EN
15 4A
1
2
C14
0.1/63V
IC7
L293DNE
15
MOTOR-B #1
R12
220
R14
10k
19
12
13
+5V
+5V
R15
10k
20
MOTOR-B #2
+5V
1D 1C 1B 1A 2D 2C 2B 2A
+Vcc
IC5
+5V
8
K11
P0
1
P13
GP5 2
GP3
2
19 18 17 16 12 13 14 15
C11
0.1/63V
R13
10k
Q4
BC557
2
4
3
MCLR
IC4
QP410
AN3
4
TxD
P12
1
5
RxD
IC3
QP410
+5V
6
+5V
R2
150
8
7
+5V
4
AN1
A
IC6
ULN2803
9
8
C10
0.1/63V
AN3
K9
SENSOR6
+5V
B
RN1
2k2 *8
1
3
K10
SENSOR7
C
D
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
+5V
C9
0.1/63V
PHASE A to D COIL
A
10
+V
23
1
B
K20
STEPPER
MOTOR #2
CONNECTOR
4
2
3
4
5
C
K19
STEPPER
MOTOR #1
CONNECTOR
21
6
7
STEPPER
MOTOR #2
PHASE A to D COIL
R1
510
C3
47/16V
+5V
STEPPER
MOTOR #1
C4
0.1/63V
IC1
LM2940CT
-5.0
+V
RELAY
K24
P9 RELAY
NO
C
K25
P10 RELAY
NO
C
K26
P11 RELAY
NO
C
Serial port connector
DC jack and terminal
Piezo speaker
POWER
switch
SENSOR0
to
SENSOR7
connector
for connect
with all
analog sensors
Connect to stepper motor
i-Stamp
P0 to P7
connector
LED indicators
Relay/DC motor driver jumper selection
Connect to DC motor
Relay contact terminal
i-Stamp port assignment on SCi-B X
P0-P7 : Programmable general purpose input/output port to interface Serial LCD and
Digital sensors (D group)
P8-P11 : LED indicator, 4channels relay driver circuit and DC motor driver circuit (P8 and
P9, P10 and P11) selected by jumper
P12 : Connect to Piezo speaker
P13 : Connect to ADC co-processor for reading SENSOR0 to SENSOR7 input
P14-P15 : Connect to Stepper motor co-processor for driving stepper motor 2 channels;
P14 as Data pin and P15 as Status pin
Figure 1-3 SCi-B X board layout
1.3 SCi-BOX testing
1.3.1Install SCi-BOX Activity software. Put SCi-BOX CD-ROM into CD-ROM drive and
find SCi-BOX.exe. Double click, the first setup window will appear. Click Next button.
1.3.2 The Select Destination Location window appears. User can select the location
in the box. Click Next button.
1.3.3
The Select Start menu Folder window appears to define the folder name.
Default is SCi-BOX and click Next button.
1.3.4 The Ready to Install dialogue box appears, click Instyall button to begin
instalaltion.
1.3.5 Installation stauts dialogue box appears to shows the status.
1.3.6 After installation finish, the complete installtion dialogue box appears. Click
Finish button to finish installation.
1.3.6 Run the SCi-BOX Activity software by enter Start à Program à Sci-BOX à SciBOX Activity. The main window following the figure 1-4 will appear.
1.3.7 Install i-Stamp on the main board following the figure 1-5.
Figure 1-4 The main window of SCi-BOX Activity software
Install i-Stamp onto the blank
24-pin socket. Must install in the
correct direction. Do not install
overlap.
However the default setting
from manufacturer will fit the iStamp ready to use.
Figure 1-5 Show the fitting i-Stamp on the main board
1.3.8 At the circle #1, select AT07-Switch.
1.3.9 Connect the Switch input board to P1port on the SCi-BOX.
1.3.10 Select RELAY/MOTOR jumper to RELAY
1.3.11 Connect SCi-BOX to COM1 of computer or another. If computer has only
USB, the USB to RS-232 serial port is required
Connect to computer's COM port
Female DB-9 connector
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
DB-9 female
side
DB-9 male
side
9-wires
multicore cable
R S -232
D O W N LO A D
1
2
3
4
5
D C IN P U T
RESET
i-Stamp
OFF
SCi-BOX
BASIC Stamp
in Science
Experiment
6
7
8
9
ON
Male DB-9 connector
1.3.12 Apply the supply voltage to SCi-BOX.
1.3.13 Click Download button. The download window appears. Siftwarte will find
COM port that connected SCi-BOX hardware automatically. After finish, click OK button.
l.3.14 Press knob on the switch. Observe operation of LED indicator at P8 to P11
and listen sound of relay’s contact operation following switch pressing.
If all correct, all LED will off. Press switch first time, LED at P8 will be on and P8
relay active. Press switch second time, LED at P9 and relay active. The operation will be
sequence from P8, P9, P10, P11 and return to P8 again.
Now, your SCi-BOX ready to works and enter the applied science project
creation.
1.4 Regulations
1.4.1. Turn-off POWER switch before remove and re-connect the serial port cable.
1.4.2 Turn-off POWER switch before remove and re-connect the sensor or actuator
with SCi-BOX.
Both regulations are very important. User must do strickly to protect iStamp damaged from electric shock during remove and re-connect any cables.
1.4.3 Do not touch the heatsink at the right side of SCi-BOX board. Because it handle
some heat from normal operation.
1.4.4 If any error occur, must turn-off POWER switcxh suddenly.
1.4.5 Do not use DC adaptor that output over +16Vdc witn SCiBOX board.
1.4.6 After all finished, remove all cable from SCi-BOX board include DC adaptor.
Chapter 2
Output device in
SCi-B X
In SCi-BOX kit contains many types of output device to indicate result or monitor
the operation. This chapter will describe the summary technical informations.
2.1 LED indicator
On main board of SCi-BOX preapre 4 LED indicators. They can active with logic
“High” or “1” and are drived with P8 to P11of i-Stamp
E
Introducing the LED
A light emitting diode (LED) emits light when current
passes through it. The color of the LED usually just tells you
what color it will glow when current passes through it. The
important markings on an LED are contained in its shape.
Since an LED is a one-way current valve, you have to make
sure to connect it the right way, or it won’t work as intended.
LED has 2 terminals. One is called the anode, and the
other is called the cathode. On the schematic symbol, the
cathode is the line across the point of the triangle and part
drawing. For the part drawing, note that the LED’s leads
are different lengths. The longer lead is connected to the
LED’s anode, and the shorter lead is connected to its
cathode.
A
K
(A) LED symbol
Cathode
Anode
(B) LED structure
The suitable current that LED need is 10 to 20mA.
R1
Limit-current resistor (RS)can assgin by formula below :
Vcc − VF
RS =
IF
Vcc is Supply voltage, VF is forward bias voltage cross
LED and IF is forward bias current
If apply the reverse bias, LED will not work and
damage. Because LED can hold the reverse bias voltage
in range 3 to 10V only.
Vs
LED1
+
I1
(C) Connect the serial
resistor to limit current
for LED
P9
P8
CONTROL
P2
P1
MOTOR
P14, P15 :
STEPPER MOTOR
Between relay driver circuit and
DC motro driver operaion, user
must select only one in a moment
by a jumper RELAY/MOTOR.
P0
SENSOR1 SENSOR0
Stepper motor
Co-processor
SENSOR2
RELAY
RELAY
12V 5A
RELAY
12V 5A
RELAY
12V 5A
RELAY
12V 5A
STEPPER MOTOR1 STEPPER MOTOR2
P11 RELAY P10 RELAY
P9 RELAY
P8 RELAY
MOTOR
A
B
INV-A
INV-B
P8-P9 MotorA
P10-P11 MotorB
NSOR3
P11 P10
P3
About LED indicator, can conrtrol
directly and active together with
the driver circuit.
Figure 2-1 Shows output devices area on SCi-B X main board
2.2 12V Relay driver
Sci-BOX board provides 4 relay drivers. Their contact rating can support 220Vac 5A
P8
RELAY
MOTOR
P0
Fit jumper at RELAY
position to select Relay
driver circuit
LED at P8 to P11 will be active following
the operation of each relay, such as If
P8 RELAY activated P8 LED will on too.
P2
P9
P1
P11 P10
P3
load. Control with P8 to P11 of i-Stamp shared with DC Motor driver and LED indicator.
RELAY
12V 5A
P11 RELAY P10 RELAY
RELAY
12V 5A
P9 RELAY
RELAY
12V 5A
P8 RELAY
MOTOR
A
B
INV-A
INV-B
P8-P9 MotorA
P10-P11 MotorB
RELAY
12V 5A
Relay contact works
equivalent as switch
Figure 2-2 Shows the selection of Relay driver circuit on SCi-B X main board
E
Relay is a signal-actuated switching device. In most
instances, a relatively weak current or voltage is used to
make the relay switch a higher current or voltage. A relay
can be electromechanical or fully electronic (no moving
parts). Relay consist of Coil and Contact. The contact has
2 types; NC (Normally Closed) and NO (Normally Opened).
In operation, apply the suitable voltage to relay’s coil. It
contact
NC
coil
C
NO
will be active and contact will change from NC to NO
similar SPDT (single-pole double-throw) switch.
NC
NC
+V
C
+
-
+
-
+V
C
NO
NO
Relay does not works
Relay works
2.3 DC motor driver
SCi-BOX can drive DC motor 2 channels. The maximum rating is 12V 500mA. Assign
P8 and P9 to control DC motor driver circuit channel A, P10 and P11 to control DC motor
driver circuit channel B. Bi-color LED are used for indicate the DC motor voltage pole. If
Red color on, it means apply the reverse pole voltage to DC motor. But Green LED will
indicated the correct pole voltage to DC motor. The voltage pole that applied to DC
motor is important to show the motor operation as :
Motor A
P8
0
1
0
1
P9
1
0
0
1
Motor
P10
0
1
0
1
B
P11
1
0
0
1
Motor operation
Invert (LED indicate Red color)
Direct (LED indicate Green color)
Free (LED off and motor shaft free. Easy to turn by hand
Lock (LED off but motro shaft will lock. Difficult to turn
by hand
Motor operation
Invert (LED indicate Red color)
Direct (LED indicate Green color)
Free (LED off and motor shaft free. Easy to turn by hand
Lock (LED off but motro shaft will lock. Difficult to turn
by hand
2.4. Stepper motor driver
SCi-BOX can drive uni-polar stepper motor 12V 500mA maximum 2 channels by using
P14 and P15 of i-Stamp. The heart of this circuit is Stepper motor Co-processor. It receives
serial data from P14 of i-Stamp. Thus, call this pin as SERIN. After that this processor will
pprocess data and send signal to drive the stepper motor.
During the STepper motor Co-processor working in process, it sends signal back to iStamp at P15 for informing in-process not cannot get any data from i-Stamp. Call this pin as
BUSY.
Baudrate of this interface is 9,600 bit per second. Data is 8 bits and none parity.
Everytime i-Stamp send data to porcessor, it will send BUSY siganl in logic “0” back to iStamp. i-Stamp will polling until BUSY line set to high. It can send the new data following.
Stepper motor basic
Stepper motors differ from standard DC motors in that they do not spin freely when
power is applied. For a stepper motor to rotate, the power source must be continuously
pulsed in specific patterns. The step sequence (pattern) determines the direction of the
stepper’s rotation. The time between sequence steps determines the rotational speed.
Each step causes the stepper motor to rotate a fixed angular increment. The stepper
motor supplied with SCi-BOX kit rotates 7.5 degrees per step. This means that one full
rotation (360 degrees) of the stepper requires 48 steps.
PHASE 4
PHASE 4
+V
PHASE 3
PHASE 3
PHASE 2
PHASE 1
PHASE 2 +V PHASE 1
+V
Step
Phase-4
Phase-3
Phase-2
Phase-1
Step
Phase-4
Phase-3
Phase-2
Phase-1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
0
2
0
1
0
0
3
0
1
0
0
3
0
0
1
0
4
1
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
1
(A) Step data in Left rotation
(B) Step data in Right rotation
Table P2-1 Sequence operation of stepper motors coil in 1-phase full step driving
2.5 Bi-color LED board : LED
(connect to P0-P7)
This output board use bi-color LED for indicator. It can indicate
2 types :
HIGH If apply the input signal at this point with logic
“1”, LED indicates Red.
O
220
Apply logic "0" to this point,
LED indicates Green.
Apply logic "1" to this point,
LED indicates Red.
LOW
S
+
4
LOW
LED
O
HIGH
LOW If apply the input signal at this point with logic
“0”, LED indicates Green.
/
Bi-color
LED
Step
Phase-4
Phase-3
Phase-2
Phase-1
Step
Phase-4
Phase-3
Phase-2
Phase-1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
2
0
0
1
1
2
0
1
1
0
3
0
1
1
0
3
0
0
1
1
4
1
1
0
0
4
1
0
0
1
S
HIGH
LED
+
Table P2-2 Sequnce operation of stepper motors coil in 2-phase full step driving
Step
Phase-4
Phase-3
Phase-2
Phase-1
Step
Phase-4
Phase-3
Phase-2
Phase-1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
2
1
1
0
0
3
0
0
1
1
3
0
1
0
0
4
0
0
1
0
4
0
1
1
0
5
0
1
1
0
5
0
0
1
0
6
-
1
0
0
6
0
0
1
1
7
1
1
0
0
7
0
0
0
1
8
1
0
0
0
8
1
0
0
1
Table P3 Sequnce operation of stepper motors coil in half-step mode
2.6 Infrared LED board : Infrared LED (connect to P0-P7)
l A 3mm. Infrared LED and limit current resistor
l Drive with logic HIGH TTL level
l 2-mode operations :
Continuous drive This mode IR-LED will receive forward bias to drive
infrared ray. Works with ZX-117 Photo-transistor sensor board for measuring rthe
infrared light density.
Frequency drive This mode will modulated 38kHz carrier frequency
into IR-LED operation. Work with ZX-106 (or ZX-05) 38kHz IR module to detect
infrared signal.
S
+
Infrared
LED
150
2.7 Serial LCD 16x2 : SLCD16x2
SLCD16x2 is the 16 characters 2 lines LCD module
that communication by serial interface. It received data
serially and display on the LCD. Accept serial data at
2400 or 9600 baudrate and accept either TTL or RS-232
level, by 2 jumpers select. Support on standard LCD
controller HITACHI HD44780 or SEIKO EPSON SED1278
compatible. Both 1/8 Duty and 1/16 Duty of 1x16 LCD
Module can be used by jumper selection too.
2.7.1 Features
l Serial Input RS-232 or Invert/Non-invert TTL/CMOS
logic level.
l 1/8 or 1/16 Duty can be selected by jumper.
l Scott Edwards's LCD Serial Backpack ®
command compatible
addition with
Extended
Command that make LCD control easier.
l Easy to interface with microcontroller
l Operation with +5 to 12 Vdc supply
(connect to P0-P7)
LCD Module
connector
attachment
1x14 or 2x7
pin type
14
CONNECTOR 14 PIN
BRIGHTNESS
Control
1
INPUT
GND
+ S G
BRIGHTNESS
DI IN
16 8
24 96
NXP1008S-LCD
ST EX
14
CONNECTOR
2x7 PIN
1
darker
SERIAL INPUT
+Vcc
(c) 2000 Innovative Experiment
Extended
Mode
Command
1/8 Duty
LCD
Module
Baudrate
9600 bps
Invert
TTL/CMOS
or RS-232
Standard
Mode
Command
1/16 Duty
LCD
Module
Baudrate
2400 bps
Direct Logic
TTL/CMOS
Level
2.7.2 Data and Command sending
Once SLCD16x2 is properly connected and configured. Data and command can
be send serially. For data sending, user can send any message such as "Hello" via serial I/
O directly, "Hello" message will be shown on your LCD.
For command sending, you can send standard instruction set to LCD (see Figure
C) by precede it with the instruction prefix character, ASCII 254 (0FE hex or 11111110
binary). SLCD16x2 treats the byte immediately after prefix as an instruction, then
automatically returns to data mode.
An example: To clear screen on LCD, clear instruction is 00000001 binary (or ASCII
1), send [254] and [1] to SLCD16x2 (where parentheses in [ ] symbols mean single bytes set
to these values)
COMMAND\DATA BIT
D7
D6
D5
D4
D3
D2
D1
D0
1. Initial LCD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2. Clear LCD
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
3. Returm Home
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
*
4. Entry Mode Setting
0
0
0
0
0
1
I/D
S
5. Display Setting
0
0
0
0
1
D
C
B
6. Shift Display
0
0
0
1
S/C
R/L
*
*
7. Function Setting
0
0
1
DL
*
N
F
*
*
8. Set CGRAM
Address
0
1
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
9. Set DDRAM
Address
1
A6
A5
A4
A3
A2
A1
A0
Standard instrction command set summary
(except Initial LCD is addition command.
Initialize make I/D=1, S=0, D=1, C=0, B=0, N=1, F=0, DDRAM Address=00
*
Don't care bit
S
0=Automatic cursor shift after byte
1=Cursor not moved
I/D
0=After byte, decrease cursor position
1=After byte, increase cursor position
(when S=1, cursor won't be shifted .)
D
C
B
0=Display OFF, 1=Display ON
0=Cursor OFF, 1=Cursor ON
0=Cursor not blink, 1=Cursor blink
S/C
R/L
0=Cursor shift, 1=Display Shift
0=Left shift, 1=Right shift
N
0=1/8 Duty, 1=1/16 Duty
(not recommend to set this bit,
use jumper setting instead)
0=5x7 dot size, 1=5x10 dot size
F
A0 to A7 are CGRAM or DDRAM Address
Serial input timing diagram
SERIAL
INPUT
Start
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
Stop
TP
(Processing time)
TP MIN = 5 ms.
Start
D0
D1
D2
...
2.7.3 LCD Characters
Most of the LCD characters (Figure E) cannot be changed because they are store
in ROM. However, the first eight symbols, corresponding to ASCII 0 through 7, are store in
RAM. By Writing new values to the character-generator RAM (CGRAM), you can alter these
*See note
characters as you want in 5x8 dots size.
LCD character set. (Built-in character on HD44780A or SED1278F0A)
Create your symbols by point to the CGRAM location, then write first line whose
bits form the desired pattern, and point to next CGRAM address to write bits later. Repeat
this procedure until 8 times (one character), your character is ready to use now.
CGRAM 0 is located on CGRAM Address 00h-07h, CGRAM 1 on 08h-0Fh, CGRAM 2
on 10h-17h, ...until CGRAM 7 on 38h-3Fh. See figure below
Defining custom symbols.
Example: Load arrow symbol on CGRAM 3, a program
would send the following bytes to the SLCD controller.
[254]
[254]
[254]
[254]
[254]
[254]
[254]
[254]
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
[01011000
[01011001
[01011010
[01011011
[01011100
[01011101
[01011110
[01011111
b] , [0] ,
b] , [4] ,
b] , [2] ,
b] , [31] ,
b] , [2] ,
b] , [4] ,
b] , [0] ,
b] , [0]
2.7.4 Extended your command with Extended mode.
You can control your LCD easier by using Extended Mode Command (to enable
this mode, set first left jumper to " EX " position), In this mode,instruction prefix had no
needed. Extended command has shown in text below.
ASCII
128
129
130
131
Instruction / Action
Initial LCD
Clear Screen
Return Home cursor
Cursor not move after byte (S=1)
ASCII
142
143
144
145
Instruction / Action
Write CGRAM 0 ( *See note)
Write CGRAM 1
Write CGRAM 2
Write CGRAM 3
132
133
134
135
Cursor increase after byte (I/D=1)
Cursor decrease after byte (I/D=0)
Display ON (D=1)
Display OFF (D=0)
146
147
148
149
Write
Write
Write
Write
136
137
138
139
140
141
Display ON with Cursor on
Display ON with Blink Cursor on
Shift Cursor to left
Shift Cursor to right
Shift Display to left
Shift Display to right
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
Set DDRAM
Set DDRAM
Set DDRAM
Set DDRAM
Set DDRAM
Set DDRAM
Set DDRAM
CGRAM
CGRAM
CGRAM
CGRAM
4
5
6
7
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
00h
10h
14h
20h
40h
50h
54h
Note. For CGRAM write command (ASCII 142 - 149) , Program would send 8 bytes whose bits form the
desired pattern follow the command.
Example: If you want to load arrow symbol as above of this page on CGRAM 3, a program will be to use
modified in extended mode as: [145] , [0] , [4] , [2] , [31] , [2] , [4] , [0] , [0].
Something to know about LCD module
Character LCD modules are available in a wide variety of
configurations: one-line, two-line, and four-line are very common. The number
of columns (characters) per line is also variable, with 16- and 20- character
displays being the most common and popular.
Initialization
The character LCD must be initialized before displaying characters
on it. The projects that follow initialize the LCD in accordance with the
specification for the Hitachi HD44780 controller. The Hitachi controller is the
most popular available and many controllers are compatible with it. When
it doubt, be sure to download and examine the driver documentation for
an LCD that does not work properly with these programs.
Modes of Operation
There are two essential modes of operation with character LCDs: writing
a character on the LCD, and sending a command to the LCD (to clear the
screen, for example).
When sending a character, the RS line is high and the data sent is
interpreted as a character to be displayed at the current cursor position.
The code sent is usually the ASCII code for the character to be displayed.
Several non-ASCII characters also are available in the LCD ROM, as well as
up to eight user-programmable custom characters (store in an area called
CGRAM).
Commands are sent to the LCD by taking the RS line low before sending
the data. Several standard commands are available to manage and
manipulate the LCD display.
Clear
$01
Clears the LCD and moves cursor to first
position of first line
Home
$02
Moves cursor to first position of first line
Cursor Left
$10
Moves cursor to the left
Cursor Right $14
Moves cursor to the right
Display Left
Shifts entire display to the left
$18
Display Right $1C
Shifts entire display to the right
E
Chapter 3
Digital sensors in
SCi-B X
Digital signal will concentrate at voltage level as Logic “High” and “Low”. Logic
“High” in TTL level is voltage level over 3.8V to 5V, for CMOS is 2/3 Vcc and upper. Logic
“Low” in TTL level is voltage level under 1V and near gorund or 0V, for CMOS is 1/3Vcc
and lower.
The digital sensors and detectors in SCi-BOX kit give the output in digital logic. SCiBOX kit has 3 groups of digital sensors and detectors as :
1. Logic detection group (D group) includes Swithc intput board (SWITCH),
38kHz Infrared receiver module board (IRM) and Signal Comparator board
(COMPARATOR).
2. RC time constant measurement group (C group) includes Capacitance
board.
3. Instantaneous detection group (P group) includes Sound event detector
(SOUND)
3.1 Logic detection board
3.1.1 Switch input board : SWITCH
(connect P0 to P7)
It has a push-button switch and bi-color LED indicator. Output 2 types as :
HIGH
Output is logic “High” and LED indicates Red color.
LOW
Output is logic “Low” and LED indicates Green color.
Not press
LED off. The logic output will invert.
LOW
Out logic "Low" or "0"
LED indicates Green.
HIGH
Out logic "High" or "1"
LED indicates Red.
SWITCH
510
10k
5
LOW
5
HIGH
+
,
5916+0
+
,
4
/
Bi-color LED
,
Sensitivity (5dB per box)
3.1.2 38kHz Infrared Receiver module board (connect P0 to P7)
INFRARED RECEIVER
38kHz OUT
IRM
GND
S
+
+V
38kHz Infrared receiver
module
0.1/50V
&
$ ! !" !& "
"$ # #" #&
Frequency (kHz)
This module is used to detect infrared signals carried by the 38kHz carrier frequency.
The heart component is TSOP4838 miniaturized receivers for infrared remote
control systems. PIN diode and preamplifier are assembled on lead frame, the
epoxy package is designed as IR filter.
The demodulated output signal can directly be decoded by a
microprocessor. TSOP4838 is the standard IR remote control receiver, supporting
all major transmission codes.
Outs logic “1”
does not detect the 38kHz frequency with the
infrared light.
Outs logic “0”
detects the 38kHz frequency.
3.1.3 Signal Comparator : COMPARATOR (connect P0 to P7)
This board compares the voltage level between input A
and B. Output is logic “Low” and indicator. It has 2 outputs; A>B
and B>A
Limitation : Voltage level at both input must not over 3.5V
1
S
+
6
7
4
S
Input 3.5V max.
A>B
B>A
GREEN
5
B
510
A>B
*
B>A
Active Low output
,
B>A
A>B
RED
A
)
S
3
LM393
A
S
8
2
+
+
B
COMPARATOR
Outs logic "0"
when A > B
+
D
Outs logic "0"
when B > A
3.2 RC time constant measurement board
3.2.1 Capacitance measurement board : CAPACITANCE
(connect P0 to P7)
This board use to measure capacitance in Farad unit by
RC time constant technique.
+5V.
ST=0
10k
Opeartion of ST=0 point
If connect this point, measure RC time constant from
PORT charging voltage 0 to 1.5V means 33.3% charge of voltage
C unknown
Discharge methode : Apply 0V to PORT pin
GND
+5V.
C unknown
10k
ST=1
Opeartion of ST=1 point
If connect this point, measure RC time constant from
PORT charging voltage 5 down to 1.5V means 66.7% charge of
voltage
GND
Discharge methode : Apply +5V to PORT pin
3.3 Instantaneous detection board
3.3.1 Sound event detector
(connect P0 to P7)
l Detect the sound level changing.
l Output is pulse following the sound moment
2
SOUND
10k
0.1/50V
10k
470k
S
BC547
+
MIC.
470k
The main transducer of this sensor board is a condenser microphone. If the
souund pressure fall to the diaphram of microphone, it will change sound pressure
to electric signal. The signal will coupling to simple amplifier circuit, BC547 transisitor.
It will amplify and drive the output signal to the output connector.
Output signal of this sensor is digital pulse. Output level is 0 and +5V.
If cannot detect sound, output will be logic “0”.
If detect, output will be logic “1”
This sensor cannot give the result in level. It can inform the sound detection
event by digital signal only.
Suitable for sound detector application, burgar alarm, sound activated
switch. User can connect this sensor with any microcontroller into the digital input
port.
Note : For BASIC Stamp microcontroller family will suggess to use PULSIN
command to detect the output of this sensor.
Chapter 4
Analog sensors in
SCi-B X
Heart of interfacing microcontroller with Science experiment is the signal conversion
processing. It has 2 main process as
1. Sensing or Detection and convert science signal to electrical signal or
analog signal.
2. Analog to digital conversion (ADC).
First process, the important component is sensor. Its function is convert physical
quantities to electrical quantities such as
Microphone converts voice or sound to voltage.
Thermister detects temperature for changing to electrical resistance.
Hall effect sensor detects magnetic field to voltage.
LDR detects ambient light and change to electrical resistance.
In second process, ADC is electronic circuits that get analog signal normally as
voltage to convert to digital data. The important feature is conversion resolution. The
suitable resolution for science experiment is 8-bit or higher.
In SCi-BOX kit has more analog sensors for coverage all science quantities as :
1. LDR Light sensor
2. Light reflector
3. Temperature sensor
4. Magnetic field sensor
5. Variable resistor : Potentiometer in vertical and horizontal use to angular
measurement and Slide for distance measurement
6. Photo-transistor for Infrared light detection
7. Current measurement board
8. Resistance maresurement board
9. Voltage attenuator for voltage measurement board
Interfacing of all analog sensor with SCi-BOX main board can connect to SENSOR0
to SENSOR7 points.
User can test the operation and learn about sensor’s behavior without programming
by SCi-BOX Activity software and with programming by BASIC Stamp Editor software.
4.1 LDR Light sensor
(connect SENSOR0 to SENSOR7)
Detect the ambient light density with LDR (Light dependent resistor)
2-output selections :
+
Output voltage increase will lights up
+
+
A
Output voltage decrease will lights up
Reverse variation output
LIGHT
A
Light detected more,
voltage decrease
Direct variation output
S
10k
Light detected more,
voltage increase
+
+
LDR
Light
+
+
LDR
S
+
4.2 Light reflector : REFLECT
Includes the super bright LED to light source and LDR for light
detection. Both install at thew suitable position. Red light will reflect
from any sirface back to LDR. Voltage accross LDR is used to output.
The output of this sensor is direct variation ratio. If LDR can detect
more light, otuput voltage will increase.
Direct variation output
Super bright red LED
10k
LDR
Light reflector sensor
LED light sourc
DR detects
ght reflect
Red LED
super bright
S
+
REFLECT
LDR detects the light
reflects from surface
Light reflects more,
output voltage increase.
REFLECT
+
)
220
4.3 Temperature sensor (connect SENSOR0 to SENSOR7)
S
+
+
Temperature high
Voltage increase
10k
+
Temperature high
Voltage decrease
S
T
+
Detect the air temperature with NTC thermister. 2-output selections :
+
Output voltage increase will temperature increase
Output voltage decrease will temperature increase
+
This sensor is analog type. It can supply the output voltage relate with
temperature. User can select 2 output format. The heart of this detector is thermistor
NTC type (Negtive Temperature Co-efficient)
Normally Thermistor’s resistance will define at 25 C degree (see the
characteristic graph below). When the temperature increase, its resistance will be
decrease. This detector’s circuit is applied to give 2 outputs.
Thermistor that use in Temperature
detector. Its resistance at room
temperature (25ðC) is equal 10kΩ
4.4 Magnetic field sensor
This sensor board use UGN3503 a 3 A Hall-effect sensors
accurately track extremely small changes in magnetic flux
density—changes generally too small to operate Hall-effect
switches. Output is DC voltage relate magnetic filed density.
If no magnetic field or 0 Gauss, output voltage is middle
point at 2.5V.
In case magnetic field direction is out from the point at
UGN3503
back package of UGN3503, the voltage output from its will
increase.
In case magnetic field direction is rush to the point at back
package of UGN3503, the voltage output from its will decrease.
The changing ratio is 1.3V per 1 Gauss. The voltage output
can calculate following this formula :
Vout = 2.5 + (0.0013 x Magnetic field densitiy in Gauss unit)
+V
0.1/50V
GND
S
UGN3503
Hall-effect
sensor
Magnetic field
+
)
Vout
This is the reference point for
magnetic field density direction.
The direction that out from this
point causes the output voltage
of sensor increase from middle
point.
A
Magnetic Field
+Vcc
GND Vout
UGN3503
N
N
S
The direction of
magnetic field density is
positive.
Output voltage is higher
+2.5V.
S
UGN3503
The direction of
magnetic field density is
negative.
Output voltage is lower
+2.5V.
Figure 4-1 Shows the operation of UGN3503 when detect the different
direction of magnetic field density.
4.4.1 Calculation of UGN3503U
Refer the output voltage of UGN3503, can calculate to find the magnetic field
density. The result is linear approximation. The reference is magnetic field density 0 G
(Gauss) equal 2.5Vdc. Every voltage changing at 1.3mV means the magnetic filed density
change 1 G. Summary of this relation can show as :
BG ≈
By
Vout − .#
.!
................................................................. (4.1)
B is Magnetic filed density in Gauss unit
Vout is Output voltage from UGN3503U
In data conversion, can calculate magnetic field density in term of digital data as
BG ≈
By
(Aout
− Ainit )  # 
×
 ....................................................... (4.2)
 ## 
.!
Ainit is Digital data from voltage value of UGN3503 when does not effect
from magnetic filed. This value get from testing.
Aout is Digital data from voltage value of UGN3503 in anytime.
The direction of magnetic filed that UGN3503 detected is important. It is used to
specific pole of magnetic filed density. If direction rush to sensor, the value will be positive.
If direction out from sensor, the value will be negative. The symbol represents the direction
of magnetic filed only not effect to magnetic field density value.
If bring a permanent magnet close up to front of UGN3503, read the value from
conversion as positive. It means pole of magnet near sensor is north pole. Otherwise, the
value is negative. It means pole of magnet near sensor is south pole.
4.5 POTENTIOMETER
A
Turn couter clockwise,
Output voltage increases.
Vertical type
Turn clockwise,
POTENTIOMETER
)
POTENTIOMETER
A
S
Turn couter clockwise,
+
Horizontal type
Turn clockwise,
Potentiometer
S
10kB
+
This sensor is used to specific 0 to 5V following turn the shaft of potentiometer. This
sensor rotates 300 degrees. Maximum resistance of the potentiometer is 10 kΩ.
At direct variation output : fully counter clockwise the sensor reads 0 and at fully
clockwise the sensor reads 1023.
At reverse variation output : fully counter clockwise the sensor reads 1023 and at
fully clockwise the sensor reads 0.
4.6 Slide
A
SLIDE
+
S
+
10kB
+
+
the shaft of Slide. Output of this sensor has 2 formats :
S
This sensor is used to specific 0 to 5V following move
Move the shaft to right-hand : Voltage will
be increase.
Move the shaft to left-hand : Voltage will be
increase.
Move to right,
)
Move to left,
4.7 Photo-transistor for Infrared light detection
This sensor is used to detect light that has wave length
1mm to 1mm. Usable 2 types as follows :
1. Read value in analog. Output voltage will be
decrease when detect infrared more.
)
2. Read value in digital. Output is logic “0” when
PHOTO TRANSISTOR
detect infrared light.
10k
Usability : recommended to use this sensor with Infrared
LED board.
E
+
S
Photo
transistor
Optical spectrum
Violet
Blue
400 nm
X-rays
1nm
Green
500 nm
Orange
600 nm
White
light
Ultraviolet
10nm
Near infrared
Yellow
100nm
Red
700 nm
800 nm
Infrared
1mm
Wavelength
10mm
100µm
Microwave
1mm 10mm
nm is nanometre (10-9 metre), mm is micrometre (10-6 metre) and mm is millimetre (10-3 metre)
Note : All ratio in this figure not linear.
4.8 Resistance maresurement board: RESISTANCE
This sensor gives the output voltage in 1mV / Ω ratio and measure resistance 4000Ω
or 4kΩ maximum. It includes 1mA constant current source. Unknown resistor connect with
this current source. The voltage drop that resistor occur. We can measure this voltage to
calculate the resistance value with direct variation ratio.
RESISTANCE
1
LM334
constant
current source
100n
2
3
68R
1mA set
5
OUT
8
7
6
S
R unknown
TLC2272
+
)
4
Output
1mV./Ω
Input 4000Ω Max.
(Current source 4V. limited)
4.9 Current measurement board : CURRENT
This sensor board is used to measure DC current by connect in
serial with measurement point.
Output voltage is 5 mV/mA ratio and measure 1,000mA maximum.
Input resistance for setting measurement range (R shunt) is equal
0.5Ω and 500mW maximum power rating.
OUT
1k
OUT
8
7
5
4
TLC2272
10k
1k
Input : 1A max.
1.5V
Testing point
A
S
0.5R
6
0.1/50V
0.5 Ohm
10k
CURRENT
Current flow
direction that
measurement
CURRENT
+
A
Output : 5mV/mA
LOAD
Example circuit for using this Current
sensor board
4.10 Voltage attenuator for voltage measurement
board : ATTENUATOR (connect SENSOR0 to SENSOR7)
Features of this sensor is measuring voltage by parallel
connection to measuring point. This sensor can select 2 ranges
by jumper.
l 1 select attenuator ratio to 1:1. Setting range
of input voltage is 0 to 5V
l 1/2 select attenuator ratio to 2:1. Setting range
of inout voltage is 0 to 10V
ATTENUATOR
ATTENUATOR
ATT.
1
1/2
A
1M
Input testing
point
1
1/2
5
6
1M
Ratio 1 : Input 0-5V.
Ratio 1/2 : Input 0-10V.
INNOVATIVE EXPERIMENT
0.1/50V
8
7
4
TLC2272
OUT
S
VOLT
Input
+
)
Output : 0-5V
SCi-B X Microcontroller in Science Experiment kitl39
Chapter 5
SCi-BOX activity software
5.1 Introduction
In SCi-BOX kit provides 2 softwares for experiment and develop by yourself. One is
called User mode. Another is called Developer mode.
User mode has SCi-BOX activity software. Experimenters can test and experiment
all activities without programming. Figure 5-1 shows the main screen of SCi-BOX activity
software. It contains 15 sample activities. Figure 5-2 shows its software structure.
SCi-BOX activity software is developed from 2 main softwares. One is BASIC Stamp
Editor. Another is customizie software was written by Borland Delphi 7 Personal. BASIC
Stamp editor is used to make PBASIC code. You can see all code in .bsx file. All activities
sourcecode will start with “AT” and following the name of each activity. After that BASIC
Stamp Editor will compile to object file in ATxxx.obj. Prepare for download to i-Stamp on
SCi-BOX main board later.
Pull-down menu for activity selections
Box shows how to
interface all module in
each activity
Step number of each activity
Select display between
monitor or Serial LCD
Data Monitor
box
Activity description
The SLCD connection
and config windows will
appear when select
display with SLCD
Figure 5-1 Detail of SCi-BOX activity software screen
40lSCi-B X Microcontroller in Science Experiment kit
SCi-BOX
contains PBASIC code of
BASIC Stamp2SX
Experimental activity
Signal cables
Interface
Figure 5-2 The SCi-BOX activity software structure diagram
The Developer mode means experimenters can write thier own the code to control
or test the custom operaion following their requirements in PBASIC language programming.
Detail of this mode will describe in Chpater 6.
5.2 SCi-BOX Data logger software
Addition SCi-BOX Activity software, SCi-BOX kit bundle the data logger software
tool. It is called Sci-BOX Data logger
SCi-BOX Data logger function is collect digital data from any sensor to shows in
Graph format and save into text file for import to other spreadsheet software such as
Microsfot Excel. SCi-BOX Data logger software can measure data and show in one and
two channels. It is installed automatic with SCi-BOX activity software.
Thsi siftware has 2 parts. One is PBASIC program. It is written by BASIC Stamp Editor.
It includes 3 .bsx file as :
Single.BSX : Read data from anlog sensor one channel.
C_Single.BSX : Read data from Capacitance sensor one channel.
Dual.BSX : Read data from analog sensor two channels.
All 3 .bsx file will convert to .obj file for download to i-Stamp on SCi-BOX.
Another, PC software is wiritten by Borland Delphi. It included 2 files too. One for
show single channel. Another one is dual channels. This software can show all connection,
raw data and behavior of graph operation.
Expermenters can enter to Start à Program àSCi-BOX
à SCi-BOX SingleData for
selection only singel channel display and select to SCi-BOX DualData if need to see dual
channels together.
In the figure 5-3 shows all procedure for using and detail of this software.
SCi-B X Microcontroller in Science Experiment kitl41
Select number of recording data
(100-1,000)
3
1
Select resoultion of Data axis
(1,024 or 65,536)
Click Connect
Select sample time
(0-50,000 millisecond)
Check Run
Must disconnect with
SCi-BOX main board
before set all parameters
in this boxes. After
setting, click Connect
button and select Run .
Logged data box shows the
raw data.
First value is index. Real
data is following value.
Select to read
data
The interface windows
will appear. Must select
SENSOR or Capacitance
Received data status of
Graph display
Select to show
the grid line.
Save data to text file (.txt)
Clear all displayed data
Save the graph image to
.bmp file
SENSOR
The interfacing image will appear as :
Select the color of graph's
line.
2
After connect all cable, click OK button.
The Download progress window will appear until finish.
Clikc OK button in Downloader dialogue box.
Capacitance
The interfacing image will appear as :
Figure 5-3 Show procedure of using SCi-BOX Data Logger software and
detail of this software in Single data channel.
INNOVATIVE EXPERIMENT
42lSCi-B X Microcontroller in Science Experiment kit
Chapter 6
SCi-B X with PBASIC
programming
From chapter 5,Experimenters can use SCi-BOX kit in User mode with SCi-BOX activity
software and SCi-BOX Data logger software without programming. However user an
develop their own experiment activity by wrting the PBASIC program.
Because SCi-BOX’s main microcontroller is i-Stamp. It is OEM version of BASIC
Stamp2SX microcontroller from Parallax. The software development can use BASIC Stamp
Editor V2 or higher. Experimenters and programmers can see all detail of programming
reference at BASIC Stamp Editor manual by download from www.parallax.com.
6.1 SCi-BOX in Developer mode
This mode is support for advance user or experimenters. They can make thier own
PBASIC program for control the operation of SCi-BOX main board. Users can make the
operation in stand alone or interface computer allways.
In this mode user must write the code at least for microcontroller side. About
computer side that use for monitor or display can use Debug Terminal in BASIC Stamp
Editor or make thier own GUI software. The important is port of interface must use RS-232
Serial port. If some PC not support serial port, can use USB to RS-232 serial port for solving
this problem.
About installation and using BASIC Stamp Editor software, epxerimers can see all
detail in BASIC Stamp manual.
6.2 Using SCi-BOX with BASIC Stamp Editor software
6.2.1 Install i-Stamp on blank 24-pim female header on SCi-BOX main board.
6.3.2 Connect the serila cable between PC’s RS-232 serial port with SCi-BOX main
board.
Install i-Stamp on
SCi-B X mainboard.
Must becareful the
direction of i-Stamp.
Connect to computer's COM port
Female DB-9 connector
$
%
&
'
!
"
#
DB-9 female
side
DB-9 male
side
9-wires
multicore cable
R S -232
D O W N LO A D
!
"
#
D C IN P U T
RESET
i-Stamp
OFF
SCi-BOX
BASIC Stamp
in Science
Experiment
$
%
&
'
ON
Male DB-9 connector
6.3.3 Apply the supply voltage to SCi-BOX main board and run BASIC Stamp Editor
2.0 software.
6.3.4 Check the connnection between BASIC Stamp Editor software with i-Stamp
on SCi-BOX main board. Press key Ctrl I or click Identify button or enter to Run menu, select
Identify.
If all correct, the Identification windows will appear and show the correct
status below. See COM1 line, message “BASIC Stamp2SX V1.0” appears. It means the
connection successfully.
6.3.5 Make the simple code by step as :
6.3.5.1 Select BASIC Stamp directive by enter Directive menu. Select Stamp
à BS2SX. The message ‘{$STAMP BS2SX} will appear on the first line. Press Enter key.
6.3.5.2 Still stay at Directive menu, select the serial port interfacing by select
Port à Com1 (or any COM port that connected). The message ‘{$PORT COM1} will appear
on second line. Press Enter key.
6.3.5.3 Still stay at Directive menu, select version of BASIC Stamp Editor by
PBASIC à Version2.5. The message ‘{$PBASIC 2.5} will appear at the third line. Press Enter
key.
6.3.5.4 Type command debug “welcome”. This command control i-Stamp to
send message “welcome” to display on Debug Terminal window of BASIC Stamp Editor.
Press Enter key.
6.3.5.5 Click Run button. The interface and download program window will
appear. After download successful, i-Stamp will run suddenly. Debug Terminal will appear
and display message welcome.
6.3.5.6 Pree RESET switch on SCi-BOX maain board. THe message will appear
at Degug Terminal again. Becasue RESET switch pressing means re-start the operation.
6.3.5.7 If dialogue box of No BASIC Stamps found appear in download
progress, It means the interface between software and i-Stamp failed. Must check the
connection cable and close all software that use serial port. After that try again.
6.3.6 After develop program complete, experimenters can save the code in .bsx
file. Enter File menu and slect Save As.. define the suitable filename.
Developer mode Activity - 1
Serial LCD programming
6.3.1.1 Connect SLCD with SCi-BOX main board
Connect the 3-wires cable from any P0 to P7 on SCi-BOX main board with SLCD
connector.
6.3.2 Write standard command and data to SLCD
Start with sending the start code$FE or 254 by SEROUT command. The syntax of
sending command of LCD is
SEROUT PIN, baudmode, [$FE, command value]
The syntax of sending data display is
SEROUT PIN, baudmode, [$FE, 1, display value]
Similar command sending, start with the Start code $FE following 1 value to inform
SLCD know the data following will be display data.
6.3.3 Write extension command and data to SLCD
The syntax is simliar the Standard command but easier. The syntax does not need
the start code$FE and 1 value to separate command and data. This method use “ ”
symbol to define the display data. The syntax of this technique is
SEROUT PIN, baudmode, [command value]
SEROUT PIN, baudmode, [ìdisplay valueî]
Example 6-1
SEROUT 8,240,[129]
Send command value to P8 pin of i-Stamp with 9600 bit per second baudrate
in direct logic for clearing LCD display.
Example 6-2
SEROUT 8,240,[“Hello Stamp 2SX!”]
in direct logic for sending message Hello Stamp 2SX!
Example 6-3
SEROUT 8,240,[154,”Test Line 2 LCD”]
in direct logic to select address of DDRAM at $40. It is first address of upper line of LCD.
Show message Test Line 2 LCD
Example 6-4
SEROUT 8,240,[150,137]
in direct logic to select address of DDRAM at $00. It is first address of lower line of LCD.
Open the display and blank the LCD cursor.
However SLCD need time for processing, after sending command or data must
delay 250 to 500 millisecond with PAUSE command. In case show many letters of message,
the delay time need more.
SCi-B X
Microcontroller in Science experiment
Switch & sound
This activity demonstrate the reading switch at P0 to drive sound to piezo speaker
in SCi-BOX main board.
Procudure
1. Connect PCB3AA-8 cable between Swtich input board with P0 at SCi-BOX main board.
2. Write the PBASIC code below
'{$STAMP BS2SX}
'{$PBASIC 2.5}
'***************************************************
' File: ACT18.BSX
' Purpose
: Sound generation by switch
' Hardware : Connect SWITCH as actived “LOW” at P0
'***************************************************
' Custom I/O ON this application
SWITCHVAR IN0
' Connect SWITCH here!
SOUND
CON 12
' ON board speaker
' Variable defined
FREQ
VAR Word
' Channel SELECT
LOOP1:
IF SWITCH=1 THEN LOOP1
FOR FREQ=600 TO 1000 STEP 100
FREQOUT SOUND,250,FREQ
NEXT
'
'
'
'
GOTO LOOP1
WAIT switch pressed
Sweep 1.5kHz TO 2.5kHz
Send frequency out
DO LOOP
' DO again
3. Connect SCi-BOX main board with computer.
4. Download PBASIC code and run this program.
SCi-B X
Relay switcher
This activity demontrates the Relay switcher operation. It use only one switch to
select 4 relays in sequence operation. Press first time, relay 1 activate. Press second time,
relay 2 activate until relay 4 and loop o atrat at relay 1 again.
Procudure
1. Connect PCB3AA-8 cable between Swtich input board with P0 at SCi-BOX main board.
'{$STAMP BS2SX}
'{$PBASIC 2.5}
'******************************************************
' File
: ACT19.BSX
' Purpose
: Relay selector
' Hardware : Jumper at RELAY position
' Connect SWITCH as actived “LOW” at P0
'******************************************************
SWITCHCON 0
' Connect SWITCH here!
CH
VAR Byte
' Channel SELECT
SW_VARVAR Byte
' Switch variable
PAUSE 1000
' Delay 1s.FOR pheripheral initialize
DIRC=%1111
' Force P8-P11 as OUTPUT
LOOP1:
BUTTON SWITCH,0,255,0,SW_VAR,0,LOOP1
' GET switch,one times
CH=(CH+1)//5
' GOTO NEXT STEP (0-5)
LOOKUP CH,[%0000,%0001,%0010,%0100,%1000],OUTC
' GET STEP OUTPUT TO RELAYs
PAUSE 100
'Delay 100ms.
GOTO LOOP1
' DO again
4. Select RELAY/MOTOR jumper on SCi-BOX main board to RELAY position.
SCi-B X
Analog signal activity
SCi-BOX can read analog signal via SENSOR0 to SENSOR7 connector. This activity
will read analog signal to display on Debug Terminal.
Concept
On SCi-BOX main board provides 2 analog to digital converter (ADC) ICs , QP410
for support 8 analog inputs. The resolution of conversion is 10 bit means 0 to 1,023. The
interfacing between ADC ICs with i-Stamp is serial in single wire.
Syntax of programming start with make Break signal to QP410. The PBASIC code is
LOW
SD : PAUSE 1 : HIGH SD
‘ Break signal
After that, send request command to QP410 for reading the concersion data from
any analog channel. The code is
SEROUT
SD,BAUD,[0]
‘ Request SENSOR0
Number [0] means analog input channel refer SENSOR0. Then this parameter can
define 0 to 7
Last step, wait for the conversion data. The result data is 10 bit value. Experimeters
must declare a variable for store this data in Word. Result data will start with low byte and
following 2-bit in high byte. The PBASIC code is
SERIN SD,BAUD,[VALUE.LowByte,VALUE.HighByte]
‘ Received data 2 byte to 1 word
Procudure
1. Connect PCB3AA-8 cable between Potentiometer board with SENSOR0 at SCi-BOX main
board.
2. Write the PBASIC code.
'{$STAMP BS2SX}
'{$PBASIC 2.5}
'************************************************
' File
: ACT20.BSX
' Purpose
: Show voltage value ON DEBUG terminal
' Hardware : Connect POTENTIOMETER at SENSOR0
'************************************************
' System I/O AND constant , please DO NOT make change
SD
CON 13
' Sci-BOX serial communication port
BAUD CON 240
' 9600bps constant
' Variable defined
VALUE
VAR Word
RESULT VAR Word
PAUSE
1000
' VALUE as SENSOR0 variable
' RESULT FOR calculation purpose
' Delay 1s. for pheripheral initialize
LOOP1 :
LOW SD : PAUSE 1 : HIGH SD
' Break signal
SEROUT SD,BAUD,[0]
' Request SENSOR0
SERIN
SD,BAUD,[VALUE.LOWBYTE,VALUE.HIGHBYTE]
' Received DATA 2 Byte TO 1 Word
DEBUG
HOME,"READ DATA = ",DEC4 VALUE," is "
' Convert 0-1023 DATA TO 000-499
RESULT=(VALUE*/((62*$100)+$80))/128
' 1024 STEP TO 500 STEP
' Equation (Value * 62.5)/128
' Represent DATA into 2 point decimal X.XX volt format
DEBUG DEC1 RESULT DIG 2,".",DEC1 RESULT DIG 1,DEC1 RESULT DIG 0," volt"
PAUSE 100
GOTO LOOP1
' Delay 100ms.
' DO again
5. Debug Terminal will appear. Turn potentiometer shaft and see the data changing at
Debug Terminal
The result data will show 2 formats. One is raw data from QP410. Another is
voltage value from calculation. This activity is like the Simple PC-baesd Digital voltmeter.
SCi-B X
DC motor activity
This activity demonstrates controlling DC motor with 2 of Potentiometers that
connect at SENSOR0 and SENSOR1 of SCi-BOX main board. If turn the potentiometer to
left direction, motor will turn left too and turn oppposite when turm potentiometer shaft
to right direction.
P8 and P9 of i-Stamp are used to control DC motor channel A. For channel B use
P10 and P11. The condition is
Motor A
P8
P9
Motor operation
0
1
Invert direction
1
0
Normal direction
0
0
Free shaft
1
1
Lock shaft
Motor B
P10
P11
Motor operation
0
1
Invert direction
1
0
Normal direction
0
0
Free shaft
1
1
Lock shaft
Procudure
1. Connect PCB3AA-8 cable between 2 of Potentiometer boards with SENSOR0 and
SENSOR1 at SCi-BOX main board.
2. Connect DC motor to Motor A connector .
3. Write the PBASIC code.
'{$STAMP BS2sx}
'{$PBASIC 2.5}
'************************************************************************
' File
: ACT21.BSX
' Purpose
: Running DC motor A and B
' Hardware : Jumper at MOTOR position
'
Connect POTENTIOMETER (V) #1 at SENSOR0 (motor A control)
'
Connect POTENTIOMETER (V) #2 at SENSOR1 (motor B control)
'************************************************************************
' System I/O and constant , please do not make change
SD
CON 13
BAUD
CON 240
' 9600bps constant
VALUE
SENSOR
CH
VAR
VAR
VAR
Word
Word(2)
Byte
' VALUE as SENSOR variable
' SENSOR, 2 Word array
' Channel SELECT
PAUSE 1000
' Delay 1s. FOR pheripheral initialize
LOOP1:
FOR CH=0 TO 1
GOSUB Get_SENSOR : SENSOR(CH)=VALUE
' GET sensor0 AND 1
DEBUG DEC SENSOR(CH)," "
' View DATA ON DEBUG
NEXT
DEBUG CR
' Carriage RETURN
Check_A:
IF SENSOR(0)>=512 THEN A_Forward
LOW 8 : HIGH 9 : GOTO Check_B
A_Forward:
HIGH 8 : LOW 9
' Rules FOR decision
' Backward IF less than 512
' Forward IF others
Check_B:
IF SENSOR(1)>=512 THEN B_Forward
LOW 10 : HIGH 11 : GOTO OK
B_Forward:
HIGH 10 : LOW 11
OK:
GOTO LOOP1
'
'*****************************
' GET sensor value subroutine
'*****************************
Get_SENSOR:
'
SEROUT SD,BAUD,[CH]
'
SERIN
SD,BAUD,[VALUE.LOWBYTE,VALUE.HIGHBYTE]
RETURN
'
DO again
Break signal
Request SENSOR0
Return to main
5. Select RELAY/MOTOR jumper on SCi-BOX main board to MOTOR position.
If motor A turn in normal direction LED indicator will show green color but turn invert
direction LED will be red. Experimenter can control direction by potentiometer at SENSOR0.
7. Change motor to Motor B connector and change to control by potentiometer at
SENSOR1.
SCi-B X
Stepper motor activity
This activity demonstrates controlling a uni-polar stepper motor with 2 of
Potentiometers that connect at SENSOR0 and SENSOR1 of SCi-BOX main board. If turn the
potentiometer to left direction, motor will turn left too and turn oppposite when turm
potentiometer shaft to right direction.
The heart of this operation is Stepper motor Co-processor on SCi-BOX main board. It
interface with i-Stamp in serial communication by 2 pins. One is SERIN pin connect to P14
of i-Stamp. Another is BUSY pin, connect to P15 of i-Stamp.
SERIN pin will receive serial data from i-Stamp to process and drive signal to motor
driver circuit. During processor operation, it will hold BUSY pin to 0V. It means busy cannot
get new data. Until its operation complete, it will chnge logic at BUSY pin to “1”. User can
reset the operation by apply logic “1” at RST pin.
Suitable baudrate for Stepper motor Co-processor is 9600 bit per second. Data is 8
bit and none parity. Stepper motor Co-processor has FIFO buffer 28 bytes.
Controlling data has 2 groups; Target step and Control command
1. Target step has 2 bytes.
First byte is step value of the stepper motor 1.
Second byte is step value of the stepper motor 2.
Step value is 1 to 127 and –1 to –127 (except 128 because it is command
value)
If value is positive : Motor will turn normal direction.
If value is negative : Motor will turn invert direction. Number is in 2’
complement form. The values are $FF (equal -1) to $81 (equal -127).
PBASIC code can write below :
SEROUT 14,16624 [step value of stepper motor1, step value
of stepper motor 2 ]
Example-1 Drive both motors in normal direction 96 steps. PBASIC code is
SEROUT 14,240,[96,96]
Example -2 Drive both motors opposite direction 48 steps. PBASIC code is
SEROUT 14,240,[48,-48]
2. Control command for stepper motor driver circuit
2.1 Start with send 128 or $80 value.
2.2 Send command in next byte.
The syntax of this command is
SEROUT 14,240,[128, ìcommandî, parameter for stepper
motor1, parameter for stepper motor 2]
The detail of all command and parameter can describe as :
Command
Operation
C
Reset all variable value
E
Select to power save mode. Not suggess to use in driving mode
0, 3 and 4. In power save mode the circuit need current not
over 100mA when shaft free.
F
M [0..4]
Select the motor driver circuit works in power full mode.
Select driver mode ( Default=0 )
Mode 0 : Half step
Mode 1 : 1-phase full step
Mode 2 : 2-phase full step
Mode 3 : Half step with quater-step compensation
Mode 4 : Half step with micro-step compensation (not support
S command)
S [0..255]
Set delay time in each step or speed control in Mode 0 to 3 .
The default is 100.
P [0..255]*
Set number of delay loop in Mode 3 operation. ( Default =10 )
R [0..255]*
Set number of delay loop in step dividing of Mode 3 (Default =2 )
I [0..255]*
Set number of delay loop in step dividing in Mode 4. ( Default =75 )
Note : * Not suggess to set this parameter.
Example - 3 Drive 2-phase stepper motor with delay time = 150. The PBASIC code is
SEROUT 14,240,[128,”F”,128,”M”,2,128,”S”,150]
Drive stepper motor in Mode 3 and delay time is 75. The PBASIC code is
SEROUT 14,240,[128,”F”,128,”M”,3,128,”S”,75]
The PBASIC code for reset the Stepper motor dirver co-processor is
SEROUT 14,240,[128,”C”]
After that must add PAUSE command for delay 1 second before send
anothaer value.
Procudure
1. Connect PCB3AA-8 cable between 2 of Potentiometer boards with SENSOR0 and
SENSOR1 at SCi-BOX main board.
2. Connect stepper motor to Stepper motor connector #1 .
'{$STAMP BS2SX}
'{$PBASIC 2.5}
'******************************************************************
'File
: ACT23.BSX
'Purpose
: Running Stepper motor 1 AND 2
'Hardware
: Connect POTENTIOMETER #1 at SENSOR0 (motor 1 control)
'
Connect POTENTIOMETER #2 at SENSOR1 (motor 2 control)
'******************************************************************
SD
CON
13
SO
CON
14
' Sci-BOX stepper controller serial port
BUSY VAR
IN15
' Sci-BOX stepper controller busy signal
BAUD CON
240
' 9600bps constant
CTRL CON
$80
VALUE VAR
Word
' VALUE as SENSOR variable
SENSOR VAR Word(2) ' SENSOR, 2 Word array
CH
VAR
Byte
' Channel SELECT
L
VAR
Byte
R
VAR
Byte
PAUSE
1000
' Delay 1s. for peripheral initialize
' Set full powered, half STEP, STEP delay 40
SEROUT SO,BAUD,[CTRL,"F",CTRL,"M",0,CTRL,"S",40]
GOSUB Poll_BUSY
' WAIT BUSY signal
LOOP1 :
FOR CH=0 TO 1
GOSUB Get_SENSOR : SENSOR(CH)=VALUE
' GET sensor 0 AND 1
DEBUG DEC SENSOR(CH)," "
' View DATA ON DEBUG
NEXT
DEBUG CR
Check_M1 :
IF SENSOR(0)>=512 THEN M1_Forward
L=-1 : GOTO Check_M2
' Rules FOR decision
' Backward IF less than 512
M1_Forward :
L=1
' Forward IF others
Check_M2 :
IF SENSOR(1)>=512 THEN M2_Forward
R=-1 : GOTO OK
M2_Forward :
R=1
OK :
GOSUB Drive
' Call drive
GOTO LOOP1
' DO again
'****************************
' Drive stepper motor routine
'****************************
Drive :
SEROUT SO,BAUD,[L,R]
' Drive L & R motor -127 TO +127 range
Poll_BUSY :
IF BUSY=0 THEN Poll_BUSY
RETURN
' RETURN TO main
'****************************
' GET sensor value subroutine
'****************************
Get_SENSOR :
' Break signal
SEROUT SD,BAUD,[CH]
' Request SENSOR0
SERIN SD,BAUD,[VALUE.LOWBYTE,VALUE.HIGHBYTE]
' Received DATA 2 Byte TO 1 Word
RETURN
' RETURN TO main
6. Turn the shaft of potentiometer that connect at SENSOR0. See the operation of stepper
motor #1.
7. Change motor to connect at Stepper motor #2 connector. Turn the shaft of
potentiometer that connect at SENSOR1. See the operation of stepper motor #2.
8. If can find 2 motors, connect all to both connectors. Adjust both potentiometers and
test the operation again.

Microcontroller in Science experiment kit documentation

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