Matthias Becker Chemical Engineering

Matthias Becker
Chemical Engineering
Matthias Becker, B.Sc.
06.06.2013
2
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First signal equipment used
280 B.C.: Lighthouse of Alexandria (Pharos)
Romans built network of lighthouses around
the Mediterranean Sea
◦ app. 100 A.D.: „Torre de Hércules“ in Spain
◦ the oldest still used lighthouse
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12th century: Europeans built new
light houses
◦ reincreasing sea trade (Hanse)
All were lighted by burning wood or coal
Matthias Becker, B.Sc.
06.06.2013
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1782: the physicist Aimé Argand invented the
Argand burner.
Until 1850s: candle bulbs or „Feuerblüsen“ in
Germany
Matthias Becker, B.Sc.
06.06.2013
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1820s: Fresnel Lens
◦ invented in by Augustin Jean Fresnel
◦ bunching of light beams increases outreach
◦ special geometry saves material
Matthias Becker, B.Sc.
06.06.2013
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1920s: Use of incandescent bulbs
Today:
◦ metal halide high pressure lamps
◦ incandescent bulbs
Matthias Becker, B.Sc.
06.06.2013
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Operating Voltage in Lighthouse
◦ 230V / 400W
◦ 400V / 2000W
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Filling:
◦ Xe (starting gas)
◦ Hg (operating voltage)
◦ Me-Halides (Me = Na, In, Tl, Sc…)
(light emission)
Matthias Becker, B.Sc.
06.06.2013
7
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1868: First traffic lights installed in London
◦ worked with gas light
◦ exploded on 2nd January 1869
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1912: Development of electric traffic light
1914: First electrical traffic light installed in
Cleveland (US)
1922: First traffic light in Europe (Paris and
Hamburg)
Matthias Becker, B.Sc.
06.06.2013
8
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Traditionally
◦ incandescent bulbs (230 V / 40 V)
◦ halogen bulbs (10 V)
low efficiency of light output
single point of failure (filament burn out)
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Retrofitting with LED arrays
◦ less energy consumption
◦ increased light output
◦ longer life time
Matthias Becker, B.Sc.
06.06.2013
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Matthias Becker, B.Sc.
06.06.2013
10
spider web lens
wide angle lens
spider web lens
lens pattern centre
commonest
better phantom
higher outreach
reduction
Matthias Becker, B.Sc.
06.06.2013
11
E27 (Al or PC)
BA20 s/d
PKS 22 s
(halogen lamp)
Matthias Becker, B.Sc.
06.06.2013
12
E 27
Ba20 s
Matthias Becker, B.Sc.
PKX 22 s
06.06.2013
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Up to 90 % less energy consumption
Luminous intensity: >200cd / >400cd
Colors (EN 12368)
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red: 613.5 – 631nm
amber: 585 – 597 nm
green: 498.5 – 508 nm
white: 5000-7000 K
Operating voltage: 12V DC; 24V AC/DC
Power consumption: 4W (12V); 12W (24V)
Matthias Becker, B.Sc.
06.06.2013
14
Replaced traffic lights
54 (of 101)
Energy consumption 2002
415.508 kWh/ a
Energy consumption 2005
161.584 kWh/ a
Saved CO2
246 t/ a
Cost reduction
26.297 €/ a
Cost of investment
656.000€ (for the first 49 signals)
Stadt Norderstedt
Matthias Becker, B.Sc.
06.06.2013
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Matthias Becker, B.Sc.
06.06.2013
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Rotating lights
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Strobe lights
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LED lighting
Matthias Becker, B.Sc.
06.06.2013
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simplest form
stationary halogen bulb attached to a
spinning mirror or Fresnel lens
◦ spinning parabolic mirror causes modulation of
light
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covered by a plastic dome for protection
Matthias Becker, B.Sc.
06.06.2013
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quite modern invention
xenon flash lamps
◦ produce a very brief but bright flash
 isonized Xe discharges a high current through the
filling gas
◦ bluish emission spectrum
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minor wear
better recognisable at daylight
often attached with Fresnel lens
Matthias Becker, B.Sc.
06.06.2013
19
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Very popular
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small
long-lasting
power-saving
can easily be seen - even in sun light
programmable flash pattern
thin construction possible (wind resistance)
Constructed as light bar or single beacon
◦ also as flip up under the sun visor
Matthias Becker, B.Sc.
06.06.2013
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Clemens Vokmann: „Leuchtfeuer und Technik“, Profilarbeit
Prof. Dr. T. Jüstel: „Inkohärente Lichtquellen“, Vorlesungsskript
http://www.rotersand.com/Collage_P.Graf_gr.jpg
http://ralflampe.de/030686/LEUCHTF/Leuchtt.htm
www.planet-wissen.de
http://regiossm.stoffstrom.org/index.php?id=748
en.wikpedia.org
de.wikipedia.org
http://www.jaehnig.de
http://www.swarco.com/futurit
Matthias Becker, B.Sc.
06.06.2013
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Matthias Becker, B.Sc.
06.06.2013
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