Stara Gradiška Prison

Transcription

OS
Stara Gradiška Prison
Prison in Stara Gradiška, Republic of Croatia1
General information
TP
Stara Gradiška is a village and a municipality in the Republic of Croatia, located in east Slavonia, to
the south of Okučani on the left bank of the river Sava. An important transportation route from
northwest Bosnia passes through Stara Gradiška.
On 21 December 1990, municipalities of the northern Dalmatia and Lika regions (southwest
Republic of Croatia) declared the Serbian Autonomous Region (SAO) Krajina, which was defined as
„a form of territorial autonomy within the Republic of Croatia“. On 4 January 1991, the Executive
Council of the SAO Krajina established the Regional Secretariat for the Internal Affairs (SUP),
seated in Knin, and Milan Martid was appointed the Secretary for Internal Affairs. The next day,
the Executive Council informed the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MUP) of Croatia that the
establishment of the SUP Krajina revoked the authority of the MUP of Croatia in the SAO Krajina
territory.
On 1 April 1991, Milan Babid as President of the Executive Council of SAO Krajina ordered
mobilisation of the Territorial Defence (TO) and volunteer units of the SAO Krajina. In the same
1
Photo: Croatian Cultural Council portal, Pakao srpskog logora Stara Gradiška 1991.
godine,http://www.hkv.hr/reportae/lj-krinjar/17638-pakao-srpskog-logora-stara-gradiska-1991-godine.html
P
order, Babid requested the MUP of Serbia to provide technical and personnel support to the SUP
of SAO Krajina. Besides, on 1 April 1991, the Executive Council passed a decision joining the SAO
Krajina to Serbia, wherein it was stipulated that the constitution and laws of Serbia, as well as the
constitutional-legal system of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY) were to apply in
the SAO Krajina. A referendum followed, and on 16 May 1991 the Assembly of the SAO Krajina
declared that “the territory of the SAO Krajina is a constitutive part of the unified state territory of
the Republic of Serbia”. However, on 19 May 1991 a referendum was held in Croatia, except in
predominantly Serb areas, concerning independence of Croatia from Yugoslavia, and 94.1% of
those voting came out in favour of independence.
CD
T
On 29 May 1991, the SAO Krajina government was established with Milan Babid as President.
Milan Babid appointed Milan Martid as Minister of Defence. On the same day, the Assembly of the
SAO Krajina established “special purpose police units” named Milicija Krajine (Krajina militia), in
addition to the previously established Public Security Service police and State Security Service
police. The Milicija Krajine was established within the MUP, but was put under the authority of the
Ministry of Defence. On 27 June 1991, Martid was appointed Minister of Interior.
On 25 June 1991, Croatia declared independence. On 1 August 1991, the SAO Krajina government
decided to apply the Law on Defence of Serbia in the SAO Krajina, and that the Milicija Krajine
units together with the TO were to make up armed forces of the SAO Krajina. The TO members
used Yugoslav National Army (JNA) uniforms, with patches reading “SAO Krajina” in Cyrillic, on the
sleeve.2
One of constituents of SAO Krajina was Stara Gradiška, which is located in the western Slavonia,
and where, on the left bank of the river Sava, there is a fortress (entered in the register of
protected monuments of culture) which was used as a prison since as early as 1799, when French
prisoners of war were confined there in the age of Napoleon. The fortress was used as a prison by
Austro-Hungary as well. In the Second World War the facility was used as a concentration camp,
managed by the authorities of the so-called Independent State of Croatia (NDH), where Serbs,
Jews, Roma, Croats, Muslims (the first detainees were from Bosanska Gradiška, Nova Gradiška and
Slavonski Brod) were confined, and where a few thousand detainees, whose names are listed
among victims of the Jasenovac Memorial Area were killed.3
The prison in Stara Gradiška was dissolved and deserted in 1990. Under the order by Commander
Colonel General of the JNA Vladimir Vukovid (15-1) of 7 January 1992, collection centres were
established for prisoners of war, namely “the collection camp for war prisoners on the premises of
the former Stara Gradiška Detention and Rehabilitation Centre (KPD)” and a “reserve camp for war
prisoners in the facilities of VU Karađorđevo (Karađorđevo Military Institution), Kozara training
2
ICTY, Case Milan Martić (IT-95-11-T), Judgement, pp. 43-47.
Novosti, Uvreda za porodice logoraških žrtava, 20.8.2010, http://www.novossti.com/2010/08/uvreda-za-porodicelogoraskih-zrtava/
3
ground in the village of Dobrnja-Manjača”. The command of the Fifth Corps of the JNA was in
charge of establishing and managing the camp.4
OS
A total of 1,200 detainees passed through the Stara Gradiška prison. The last detainee was
released on 1 July 1992. In 1991, the camp served as a detention site for civilians and members of
the police and Croatian forces from the occupied part of the Republic of Croatia, as well as for
civilians from Bosnia and Herzegovina.5 Croat detainees were brought in from the camps in Bučje,
Slunj, Okučani, Grđevica and other sites. Besides men, women were also detained in the camp.
Muslim detainees were taken or transferred to Stara Gradiška from Ključ, Derventa, Teslid,
Prnjavor, Doboj, Bosanska Gradiška and other places in BiH.
Detentions in the Stara Gradiška camp can be viewed through two periods, the first ending in
February 1992 and the second from May 1992 to July 1993. In the first period, most detainees
were Croats from Croatian regions, who were captured by the JNA units. They also included
detainees illegally captured by the military police and members of the Public Security Station (SJB)
in Ključ (BiH) while they were passing through Ključ in November 1991, and then deported to the
Stara Gradiška camp. They were falsely and unfoundedly accused of killing and slaughtering
Serbian children. As early as in December 1991, over 100 detainees were confined in the camp.
In the second period (May 1992 to July 1993), most illegally detained prisoners came from BiH:
There were a few hundreds of them, and most were later transferred to the Manjača camp.6
TP
At the sessions of the Crisis Staff of the Ključ Municipality, as the supreme authority, decisions
were passed on disarming Muslims and Croats, their arrests, and the issue of the detainees’
transportation to Gradiška was also discussed.7 From 27 May 1992 on, members of the military
and the police arrested, physically and psychologically abuse and imprisoned Bosniak anda Croat
civilians in the SJB and primary school in Ključ, and in the primary school and a former railway
station in Sanica. Part of detainees was transferred from these facilities to Stara Gradiška and
Manjača camps.8 On 22 May 1992, Serbian forces started the military attack on the Muslim village
of Hambarine, and two days later they expanded the attack to the village of Kozarac (Hambarine
and Kozarac are parts of the Prijedor Municipality), where Muslims formed 98% of population.9 A
great number of Muslims who did not manage to escape were captured and imprisoned in
camps.10 A document written only a few days before the attack on Prijedor says: “The heaviest
fighting has taken place in the area of Hambarine, Prijedor and Kozarac. Troops under the
command of Prijedor area cleared Hambarine and Kozarac completely and completely destroyed
4
Court of BiH, Case Marko Adamović et al. (S1 1 k 003359 12 KŽK), Judgement, p. 192.
Portal of Croatian Cultural Council, Pakao srpskog logora Stara Gradiška 1991.
6
Mujo Begid,Genocid u Ključu, p.316.
7
Court of BiH, Case Marko Adamović et al. (S1 1 k 003359 12 KŽK), Judgement, p. 44.
8
BIRN BiH; Justice Report, Kandić et al.: House Arrest, 19.4.2010.
9
ICTY, Case Milomir Stakić (IT-97-24), Judgement, pp. 39-43.
10
ICTY, Case Kvočka et al. (IT-98-30/1), Judgement, pp. 5-6.
5
one ZNG unit. The troops have arrested more than 2,000 Green Berets who are now in Omarska.
135 of them are in Stara Gradiška prison.”11
Management
P
The Stara Gradiška camp has been recorded by the International Committee of the Red Cross,
Helsinki Watch and the Government of the USA. The camp was incessantly functional from
October 1991 to July 1993.
Besides the JNA soldiers, the camp was managed by members of the SAO Krajina militia and “Beli
orlovi” (White eagles) volunteer units. The camps and detention facilities, staffed and operated by
military and police personnel under the direction of Crisis Staffs and the Army of the Republic of
Serbia (VRS) included, among others, the military detention facility in Stara Gradiška in Croatia.12
CD
T
Interrogations in the Stara Gradiška camp were conducted by interrogators in military uniforms,
captains, majors and other JNA military personnel.
Guards included reservists, mainly members of the so-called Army of Serbian Krajina (VRSK).13
The management of the Stara Gradiška camp consisted of : lieutenant Radomir Popovid a.k.a.
“Pop” (Priest), commander of the Military Police of the JNA and senior sergeant Tihomir Čančar
a.k.a. “Čan”, the Teslid-born commander of the camp.
The service on duty of the JNA Military Police included: senior sergeant Đuro Ratid, first class
sergeant Miroslav Homa from Banja Luka, squad leader Vojislav Bajid from Banja Luka, and soldiers
Zlatomir Koljančid and a person named Polid.
The following security officers of the JNA and other military personnel participated in
interrogations of detainees: captain Ekrem Alihožid head of security, captain Dubravko Prstojevid
a.k.a. ”Mrva” (Crumb) JNA security officer from Banja Luka, senior sergeant Radomir Radinkovid
JNA security officer from Banja Luka, captain Rade Nikid, first class captain Jure Šajatovid from
Novska, senior sergeant Jovo Mačkid from Bosanska Gradiška, Zoran Jadimovid a.k.a. ”Zoka”,
captain Šemso Hadžiselimovid, major Stupar, ensign Jokid, Branko Stojakovid a.k.a. ”Brane”, Đorđe
Brkanac from Kukunjevac, captain Kastid security officer,Željko Braunovid a.k.a. ”Crnogorac”
(Montenegrin) from Mojkovac in Montenegro, a volunteer, captain Jovan Kojid, Zdravko Durguz,
major Vulin, lieutenant-colonel Ratko Andrid from Banja Luka and captain Milan Rašula.14
11
ICTY, Case Momčilo Krajišnik (IT-00-39-T), Ewan Brown's testimony, T, pp. 16383-16385.
ICTY, Prosecutor v Radoslav Brđanin and Momir Talić (IT-99-36-PT), Fourth amended indictment
13
14
Portal of the Croatian Cultural Council,Pakao srpskog logora Stara Gradiška 1991.
12
OS
The following people participated in investigations, interrogation and abuse of detainees: Milenko
Bajid, Ilija Bijelid, Đorđe Božičid a.k.a. „Đoko“, Gojko Božid, Dušan Čičid, Nenad Čokorac, Boro Delid,
Drago Delid, Mihajlo Despotovid, Ranko Đurid, Ilija Gadeša, Saša Gajid, Dragan Jurkovid, Vlado
Kasagid, Milenko Kljajid, Dušan Kojid, Nedeljko Kosid, Dušan Krajnovid, Milan Kuprešanin, Savo
Kuzmid, Zoran Lužajid, Stevan Ljiljak, Ignjatije Miščevid, Milan Orobabid, Pejid zvani Zagor,Predrag
Popovid, Slobodan Popovid, Radovan Radivojac, Božidar Rodid, Mladen Suzid, Mile Šalindrija, Savo
Šalindrija, Mihajlo Šestanovid, Nikica Šestanovid, Đorđe Španovid, Milan Španovid, Ljubo Tendžerid,
Momčilo Tendžerid zvani Momo, Mirko Utješinovid, Vladan Vesid načelnik SJB-a Bosanska
Gradiška, Ranko Vukičevid i Marko Zuber.15
Members of the Military Police who were in the camp are: Svetozar Čubrilo from Serbia, dog
guide, Nenad Dutid from Banja Luka, Slaviša Draškovid from Serbia, dog guide, Ranko Đurid from
Banja Luka,Milenko Galid from Banja Luka, Draga Janičid from Banja Luka, Igor Kljakid a.k.a. „Žudo“
(Yellow) from Banja Luka, Petar Kneževid from Banja Luka, Đorđe Kosid from Banja Luka, Predrag
Kovačevid a.k.a. „Špaga“ (Rope) from Banja Luka, Zoran Kovačevid from Banja Luka, Rešad
Ljeskavica a.k.a. „Pide“ from Banja Luka, Mario Maler from Banja Luka, Sretko Popovid from Ključ,
Branislav Stojanovid a.k.a. „Buco“ (Chubby) from Bronzani Majdan, Željko Topid from Banja Luka,
Rade Vojvodid a.k.a. „Vojvoda“ (Duke) from Serbia, Dugađi Vokshi a.k.a. „Šok“ (derogatory name
for Albanians) from Kosovo, dog guide and Goran Zrnid a.k.a. „Zrna“ from Banja Luka.16
Conditions
TP
The former Stara Gradiška prison was in the downtown and was divided into two wings. The
facility had been used as a prison before, and it therefore had designated rooms for detention, i.e.
cells. The first detainees who were brought to the camp were kept in cca 30 m2 cells, and there
were a few dozens of detainees in a single cell.
Detainees slept on bare concrete. In a smaller cell, sized about 18 square meters, 60 detainees
were kept. They slept “in shifts”, since there was not enough room for everybody to stretch in the
same time.17
Detainee Asim Egrlid: “I was in one of the smaller cells; whereas others were in bigger cells that
could hold up to 30 people, although the normal capacity of those cells was only five to six people.
We had at our disposal only three to five minutes to go to the toilet.”18
15
Požega County Court, Case Đorđe Božičić (K-13/93-24), Judgement; Portal of Croatian Cultural Council, Pakao
srpskog logora Stara Gradiška 1991. godine,http://www.hkv.hr/reportae/lj-krinjar/17638-pakao-srpskog-logora-staragradiska-1991-godine.html; Požega County Court, Case Savo Šalindrija (K. 3/98-8), Judgement; Požega County Court,
Case Milan Španović (K-42/97-9), Judgement.
16
Portal of Croatian Cultural Council,Pakao srpskog logora Stara Gradiška 1991.
17
18
ICTY, Case Momčilo Krajišnik (IT-00-39-t), Asim Egrlid's testimony, T, pp. 4798-4799.
As many as 21 detainees were kept in a small cell, sized six or seven square meters. In order to
have enough air, they had to alternate, in the way that half of them were squatting while the
other half were standing. The following day they moved the detainees to other cells, where they
had blankets, although conditions were still poor, and food scarce – a loaf of bread was distributed
among 44 detainees.19
CD
T
P
Every morning, detainees had to get up at five o’clock and stand turned toward the wall. Then
they would get breakfast, and then went to the toilet – ten in a line, with their heads necessarily
bent, and with their arms on the back. Typically detainees got two meals a day. Once, when they
brought them dinner, the bread was so thinly sliced that slices were transparent. Food was
completely tasteless, and it was also insufficient. Detainees were also tortured with thirst.
Sometimes they were fed very salty bacon, and then they were not given any water for 48 hours.
They did get some water, but they were scared of asking for more since there were cases when
someone asked for water and guards considered it a rebellion upon which they were brutally
punished.
Doctor Vladimir Solar, who was also detained in the Stara Gradiška prison, examined the detainees
and gave them certain medications. Medications and medical equipment he had at his disposal
were not sufficient for medical treatment of some ill detainees. From 9 December 1991 to 6
February 1992, Dr. Solar examined 635 detainees.20
Abuse
The most frequent forms of physical abuse of detainees and camp inmates were: killing by caning,
beating with rubber truncheons, riffle butts, pistol-whipping all over the body until the detainee
fainted, beating with rubber truncheon or various objects on the testes and genitals, stripping to
the skin and kicking, beating with rubber or wooden truncheons, knocking or pulling out teeth,
breaking arms and ribs by kicking or beating with truncheons and other objects, putting a rifle or
gun barrels or a bomb into the mouth, or a knife under the neck and threats about slaughtering,
striking with an axe, steel rod and other tools, electrifying the body by electro-shocks with cattle
guns or electric current, stamping and kicking by masked abusers while detainees lay on the
concrete, daily beating on the stomach or kidneys, putting out cigarettes on the parts of body
(ears, arms), slashing ears with knives, cutting off fingers, making gashes on the various body
parts, sexual indulging (forcing detainees to perform mutual sex, oral sex, etc.), multiple and
frequent rapes of women with one or more torturers participating, forcing male detainees to have
sex with female detainees accompanied with videotaping, forcing detainees to have baths in the
cold water, requesting detainees to cross themselves with three fingers, kiss pictures of Slobodan
Miloševid, Dražo Mihajlovid, to kiss their torturers’ (most often members of paramilitary Chetnik
units) beards, forcing detainees to sing Chetnik songs, robbing the inmates when bringing them in
19
20
Court of BiH, Case Marko Adamović et al. (S1 1 K 003359 12 KŽK), Judgement, pp. 104 and 105.
Mujo Begid,Genocid u Ključu, pp.313-320.
and searching them, forcing to perform labour in the camp and outside, letting dogs to chase
detainees, and similar atrocities.21
OS
Detainees were regularly taken away for interrogation, and then were exposed to psycho-physical
tortures. Members of the “Beli orlovi” (White eagles) unit were the most brutal. While
interrogated, detainees were tortured with electricity and water. One way of torturing was the use
of electrified water. Guards performed this form of torturing by spilling the electrified water over
the floor, and then throwing detainees on the wet floor, which inflicted horrible pain. One
detainee, who was detained in March and April 1992, was forced to admit what policemen
requested, with threats that he would be thrown into the electrified water if he did not admit.22
Detainee Đuro Bogunovid from Croatia was detained in the Stara Gradiška camp from 29
November 1991 to 26 January 1992. Every evening, the detainees were taken to a room where
they were tortured. Bogdanovid was taken to the torturing room where he was beaten up with a
lath and truncheon on the back. He was tortured and beaten until he fainted. The detainee was
also beaten all over the body by Milan Španovid, who then banged his head against the wall. He
also rubbed his head on the wall and thus stripped the skin on the upper part of the forehead. At
one moment, Španovid pushed his hand into Bogdanovid’s mouth and pulled out six teeth. Halfunconscious, the detainee heard a guard trying to dissuade Španovid from further abuse. He was
beaten up three times in total. He remained permanently disabled as a result of these events.23
TP
Detainee Živko Matekalo was captured in Croatia as a member of the Croatian army and taken to
the Stara Gradiška camp together with about twenty more soldiers. He was in the camp from 22
November to 12 December 1991, and was interrogated a few times. The same night when he was
captures and brought to the Stara Gradiška camp, guards beat him on the staircase and then he
heard the question: “Where are you, schoolmate?” He turned around and recognized Đorđe
Božičid, who had indeed been his schoolmate but who was beating and kicking him and thus broke
his ribs and damaged kidneys. According to this detainee, abuse in the camp was unspeakable.
They were ordered to take off their pants, and then they had to put their hands on the wall and
were not allowed to watch guards beating them. Guards beat them with hand, arms and
truncheons and kicked them. Savo Šalindrija, who also beat detainees, was one of the guards.24
Detainee Josip Kvočid, who was detained in the Stara Gradiška camp as a civilian, was beaten by
Milan Španovid, who indulged over him five or six times. He beat and kicked him all over the body
while he way lying on the floor. Once he hit him with some sort of key on the already injured head.
21
22
23
Požega County Court, Case Savo Šalindrija (K. 3/98-8), Judgement, pp. 2-3; Požega County Court, Case Milan
Španović (K-42/97-9), Judgement, p.3.
24
Court, Case Savo Šalindrija (K. 3/98-8), Judgement, p. 3; Požega County Court, Case Đorđe Božičić (K-13/93-24),
Judgement, pp.2-3.
Španovid beat him so much that Kovačid fainted, and as such was taken to the cell and thrown
there.25
P
On 27 May 1992, Serbian forces in Ključ started arresting and imprisoning non-Serb civilians. At
least 22 civilians, who were arrested in the centre of the town were taken to the SJB and a day or
two later transported to the Stara Gradiška camp. Some of these detainees were: Luka Brkid,
Muhamed Filipovid, Leopold Flat, Behrem Šarid,Muhamed Eljezovid, Mehmed Šistek, Fadil
Jakupovid, Smajil Muslimovid, Darko Džaja, Mirsad Šehid, Fadil Medid, Domogoj Rebac, Husein
Kozarac, Fahrudin Krivid, Abid Derviševid, Mehmed Begid, Mustafa Koljid, Alija Bilid, Mirsad Mršid,
Dževad Mistrid, Teufik Vučkid and Šaban Kujundžid.
CD
T
There were 22 detainees in the truck in which they were transferred to the Stara Gradiška camp.
While they were getting on the truck their hands were tied. Once inside, they had to kneel, and
then three soldiers got on and started beating them. The beating lasted for about half an hous.
Šaban Kujundžid was beaten the most severely, and was unconscious for a long time. Under the
police escort, with one police vehicle in front and one behind, the truck first drove to the “Mali
logor” (Small camp) in Banja Luka, where they were forced out and beaten, and then forced on the
truck again and driven to Stara Gradiška. While getting off the truck and entering the Stara
Gradiška camp detainees had to pass between two lines of soldiers, who beat them with rifle
butts. Four detainees who were carrying Šaban Kujundžid, who in turn could not move as a result
of the previous beating, received most blows. Then they were taken into a room and leant against
the wall, and soldiers then beat them with truncheons.
Detainee Muhamed Filipovid had a severely wounded leg and back blue of the received beating.
When he saw himself in the mirror on a later occasion, in a doctor’s office, his head was very
similar to a “soccer ball”.26
Killing
On 21 November 1991, detainee Stjepan Adžijevid (from Donji Čaglid, municipality of Lipik) was
arrested by members of the JNA military police in the village of Trošelji near Banja Luka, where he
was staying as a refugee. Members of the Stara Gradiška police station took him to the Stara
Gradiška camp and confined him in the solitary cell number 3. When he was brought in, he was
visibly beaten up and complained of pains in internal organs, of which the doctor was informed.
On the same day, at 14:40, military doctor found Stjepan Adžijevid’s body in the solitary cell
number 3, and confirmed death. Stjepan Adžijevid’s body was exchanged in the village of Nova
Varoš on 24 February 1992.27
25
Požega County Court, Case Milan Španović (K-42/97-9), Judgement, p.3.
Court of BiH, Case Marko Adamović et al. (S1 1 K 003359 12 KŽK), Judgement, pp. 102-105.
27
26
OS
On 28 May, detainee Asim Egrlid was arrested at a checkpoint near Ključ. He was taken to the Ključ
police department building, where he was beaten. Then he was transferred to the Stara Gradiška
prison. Detainee Egrlid: “I was detained in one of the cells there together with another man, who
was unconscious. After a day or two, he was taken away. Later on I found out that he succumbed
to his wounds. I was transferred to another cell, where I stayed for some 15 days or so.”28
Marijan Raužan, a member of the reserve units of RH MUP was arrested by the “Bosnian militia” in
Ključ, on 18 November 1991. Members of the Stara Gradiška police station took him to the Stara
Gradiška camp. On 21 November 1991, at around 1:30, Raužan was taken out of the cell since he
tried to escape; he was beaten by guards Ljubo Tendžerid and Tatomirovid, and then moved to cell
number 6. On the same day at 11:22, military physician was informed that he was to examine the
injured Raužan. At 14:40, when the military physician, lieutenant Dr. Mladen Regoda arrived,
Marijan Raužan’s dead body was found and the physician confirmed that death had taken place.
Marijan Raužan’s body has not been found.29
Drago Mujandžid, a civilian from Kozinci, municipality of Bosanska Gradiška, was arrested in
Bosanska Gradiška. He was taken to the Stara Gradiška camp by members of the Stara Gradiška
police station with visible injures to the face. He was detained in the solitary cell number 1. On the
same day when he was brought in, at 12:45, during the supervision conducted by members of the
Stara Gradiška police station, his dead body was found; it was examined by lieutenant doctor
Mladen Regoda, who confirmed that death had taken place. At 9:30 on 30 November 1991, JNA
soldiers Radinko Dragovid and a person named Branko transported Drago Majdandžid body to
Banja Luka for autopsy.30
TP
Exchange
In January 1992, 100 detainees were exchanged in Pakrac (Croatia).31
Transfers
In June 1992, 400 detainees were transferred from the Stara Gradiška camp to the Manjača camp.
Besides, in June 1992, 24 detainees were transferred from Knin to Stara Gradiška.32
On 16 September 1991, members of Milan Mijatovid’s insurgent units arrested Ivan Grgid from
Borovac, municipality of Rajid (Croatia) together with his wife Tereza in their family house in the
Borovac village. He was detained in the Okučani prison (former post office), where he stayed until
6 October 1991, when he was transferred to the Stara Gradiška camp. He stayed there until 7
28
ICTY, Case Momčilo Krajišnik (IT-00-39-T), Asim Egrlid's testimony, t. P. 4796.
30
Ibid.
31
Mujo Begid, Genocid u Ključu, p. 314.
32
Ibid.
29
December 1991 and then he was transferred to the Okučani prison, together with 22 more
detainees, including his wife.
P
Detainee Darko Sanjicki from Bosanska Gradiška was arrested by the SAO Krajina militia in the
village of Gornji Podgradci, municipality of Bosanska Gradiška, on 21 September 1991. He was
physically abused until 22 September 1991, and then transferred to the Stara Gradiška camp,
where he was detained in the solitary cell number 19, where he stayed until 7 December 1991,
when he was taken to the Okučani prison together with 22 more detainees.
On 30 September 1991, members of the Stara Gradiška militia station arrested Mirko Tomljenovid,
a civilian from Bosanska Gradiška, in his family house in Bosanska Gradiška. They took him to the
Stara Gradiška camp and detained in the solitary cell number 22. He stayed there until 7
December 1991, when he was taken to the Okučani prison together with 22 more detainees.
CD
T
Nedeljko Vonid, a civilian from Donja Dolina, municipality of Bosanska Gradiška, was arrested by
members of Bosanska Gradiška TO in the Donja Dolina village on 9 October 1991. He was taken to
the Stara Gradiška camp by members of the Stara Gradiška militia station. He was detained in the
solitary cell number 19 and stayed there until 7 December 1991, when he was transferred to the
Okučani prison together with 22 more detainees. He stayed in the prison until 24 December 1991,
and then he was taken back to the Stara Gradiška camp by members of the Military Police of Banja
Luka Corps, together with 11 more detainees. He stayed there until 15 January 1992, when he was
released through the mediation by the International Committee of the Red Cross. During his
detention in the prison and the camp, he was daily physically, psychologically and otherwise
abused and forced to labour within the camp.
On 21 November 1991, Petar Antunovid, a civilian from Donji Čaglid, municipality of Lipik was
arrested by members of the JNA Military Police in the Trošelji village near Banja Luka, where he
was staying as a refugee. He was taken to the Stara Gradiška camp by members of the Stara
Gradiška police station, who detained him in the solitary cell number 8. He stayed there until 7
December 1991, when he was taken to the Okučani prison together with 22 more detainees.33
On 23 October 1991, Đuro Hrdžid, a member of the Civil Defence of Gornji Varoš, municipality of
Stara Gradiška, was arrested in Bosanska Gradiška by Marko Živkovid, a member of the Stara
Gradiška Police station, who took him to the Stara Gradiška camp. Hrdžid was detained in the
solitary cell number 23. He stayed in the camp until 7 December 1991, when he was taken to the
Okučani prison together with 22 more detainees.34
On 28 May, detainee Asim Egrlid was arrested at a checkpoint near Ključ. He was taken to the Ključ
police department building, where he was beaten. Then he was transferred to the Stara Gradiška
camp, where he stayed for about 15 days, when he was transferred to the Manjača camp, where
33
34
Ibid.
he stayed for a few months, and was then transferred to the Batkovid camp near Bijeljina, where
he was detained until 29 January 2003, when he was exchanged in Orašje.35
OS
Soldiers and policemen came to Luka Brkid’s (from Ključ) house and searched it looking for
weapons. Brkid “laid out on the bed” all the hunting weapons that he had and that he has permits
for. He was then taken to the police station, where he was beaten up, and then transferred to the
Stara Gradiška camp together with a group of other Ključ residents and from there, to the Manjača
camp.36
Detainee Fahrudin Demal, a pre-war SDA (Party of Democratic Action) councilman in the Assembly
of Ključ Municipality, was detained in the “Nikola Mačkid” primary school from 28 May 1992; he
was then transferred to camps Stara Gradiška, Manjača and finally Batkovid. He spent a total of 15
and half months in detention.37
On 28 May 1992, Džemal Draganovid, Ibrahim Bajrid, Mustafa Kojid, Refik Muslimovid, Mustafa
Muslimovid and another detainee were brought to the Ključ SJB. On the same day, in the late
evening hours, they were transferred to the Stara Gradiška camp, and 14 days later to the
Manjača camp.38
TP
After a few days detention at SJB, 22 detainees including Luka Brkid, Muhamed Filipovid, Leopold
Flat, Behrem Šarid, Muhamed Eljezovid, Mehmed Šistek, Fadil Jakupovid, Smajil Muslimovid, Darko
Džaja, Mirsad Šehid, Fadil Medid, Domogoj Rebac, Husein Kozarac, Fahrudin Krivid, Abid Derviševid,
Mehmed Begid, Mustafa Koljid, Alija Bilid, Mirsad Mršid, Dževad Mistrid, Teufik Vučkid and Šaban
Kujundžid were transported to the Stara Gradiška camp, and about 15 days later they were
transferred to the Manjača camp.39 Detainee Leopold Flat was taken from the SJB to “Mali logor”
(Small camp) in Banja Luka and then transferred to the Stara Gradiška camp.40
Processing persons responsible for war crimes
By the Požega County Court (Republic of Croatia) verdict, Đorđe Božičid was found guilty since,
from late November 1991 to 12 December 1992, as a member of paramilitary unit of the so-called
SAO Zapadna Slavonija, in the Stara Gradiška prison, he participated in the interrogation of
captured Croatian soldiers, including Živko Matekalo, and abused them. He inflicted a minor bodily
injury (broken rib) to the captured Živko Matekalo. Đorše Božičid was sentenced to four years and
six months’ imprisonment.41
35
ICTY, Case Momčilo Krajišnik (IT-00-39-T), Asim Egrlid's testimony, T, p. 4796.
Court of BiH, Case Marko Adamović et al. (S1 1 K 003359 12 KŽK), Judgement, p. 6.
37
Mujo Begid, Genocid u Ključu, p. 310.
38
Court of BiH, Case Marko Adamović et al. (S1 1 K 003359 12 KŽK), Judgement, pp. 155-157.
39
Ibid., Judgement, p. 7.
40
BIRN BiH, Justice report, Kondić et al.:The Hell of the Police Station, 2.3.2010.
41
Požega County Court, Case Đorđe Božičid (K-13/93-24), Judgement.
36
By the Požega County Court verdict Savo Šalindrija, a guard in the Stara Gradiška prison, was
sentenced to 15 years’ imprisonment.42
P
By the Požega County Court verdict Milan Španovid was found guilty since in 1991, as a member of
the paramilitary unit of the so-called SAO Krajina, in the Stara Gradiška prison, he interrogated
citizens of Croatian nationality, and was sentenced to 15 years’ imprisonment.43
By the Požega District Court Marko Živkovid was found guilty of unlawful arrests, torture, abuse
and inflicting injuries to civilians and of plundering civilian population’s property, as a member of
the militia of the so-called SAO Krajina. He was sentenced to 11 years’ imprisonment.44 The
Supreme Court of the Republic of Croatia reversed the verdict and sentenced Živkovid to 14 years’
imprisonment.
CD
T
On 9 June 2008, the Court of BiH upheld the indictment in the case Marko Adamovid et al.,
whereby Adamovid and Lukid are charged with the criminal offence of crimes against humanity,
organizing a group of people and instigating the perpetration of genocide, crimes against
humanity and war crimes, in the Ključ municipality among other places. On 30 May 2011, the Trial
Panel of Section 1 for War Crimes of the Court of BiH pronounced the first-instance verdict
acquitting the accused Adamovid and Lukid of charges that they had committed the criminal
offence of crimes against humanity. On 20 December 2013, the Panel of the Section 1 for War
Crimes of the Appellate Division of the Court of BiH handed down the verdict under which
Adamovid and Lukid were found guilty of crimes against humanity, and sentenced Adamovid to 22
years’ imprisonment and Lukid to 14 years’ imprisonment. On 21 November 2014, the Appellate
Division Panel of the Court of BiH sent out the third-instance verdict modifying the secondinstance verdict for Marko Adamovid and Boško Lukid in terms of sentencing, thereby sentencing
Lukid to 12 years’ imprisonment and Adamovid to 20 years’ imprisonment.45
(20.3.2015.)
42
Požega County Court, Case Savo Šalindrija (K. 3/98-8), Judgement.
Požega County Court, Case Milan Španović (K. 3/98-8), Judgement.
44
Požega District Court, Case Marko Živković (K. 17/93-8), Judgement.
45
Court of BiH, Case Marko Adamović et al. (S1 1K003359 14 KŽŽ (X-KR/05/119), Trial tracking,
http://www.sudbih.gov.ba/index.php?id=3604&jezik=e
43
OS
Annexe 1
TP
Solitary cells in the basement, where prison inmates were kept as a punishment, the so-called “mračare” (dark
rooms), and “rooms with water”, which were always flooded with the underground water from some 100-metre
distant Sava river46
Interior of the Stara Gradiška camp47
46
Portal of the Croatian Cultural Council,Pakao srpskog logora Stara Gradiška 1991.
47
Ibid.
P
CD
T
Stara Gradiška camp48
Rooms in the Stara Gradiška camp49
48
49
Ibid.
Ibid.

Stara Gradiška Prison

Transcription

Similar documents

Camp Kula N` Gadu 2016 - Muscular Dystrophy NSW

Camp Gilmont

LUTHERDALE BIBLE CAMP JULY 21-26, 2013 Calling all 1st

Young Ameritowne Parent Letter

of SUMMER WINTER?

career camp - Northmont City Schools

TAGA Summer Camp 2014 - So Pasadena.pub - AYSO Area 1-C

Resume - Daniel Nemerofsky

Untitled - BCM Ireland

2015 Camp Lunch Program