docLat view
download 
Report Transcription
Lat view
Intensive soft tissue shadow in epigastrium Lung emphysema /diaphragmatic lobes Spondyloarthritis LS 1,2,3,4 and 7 vertebrae 3 d post 10 d post pre post 4+3 R 4 L 3 VD RCr LCr1 LCr2 RM Acc RCd LCd perihilar Cd drs Cr Vtr Cd Vtr LUNG PATTERNS AND DO WE NEED THEM? DENIS NOVAK WWW.VETNOVAK.COM L R L Normal lung Lungs - radiolucent Vessels - radiodense Thoracic radiology • • • • Easy Safe Fast Next step kVp mAs UNDER GOOD OVER ANATOMICAL EXAMINATION Normal dog Locate Aorta Caudal vena cava Pulmonary vessels Trachea Tracheal bifurcation - carina Bronchi Diaphragm Cranial mediastinum Caudoventral mediastinal fold – “cardiophrenic ligament” Pleural fat “Skin folds” “Nipple shadows” DV VD R L Ddx / dog Heart axis more horizontal Heart more caudal Diaphragm more caudal crual blending T12-L1 Smaller ribs Longer vertebral body Pulmonary Radiology Lung structures that cast shadows All may be seen if there is gas (air) in the airways and alveolar spaces vessels airways interstitium Pulmonary vessels Arteries and veins paired towards hilar area Similar diameters Taper Sharp margins Pulmonary airways Mineralised bronchi Osteomas Taper bronchial interstitial vascular alveolar interstitial BRONCHIAL PATTERN bronchial mineralisation allergic bronchitis chronic bronchitis peribronchial cuffing i.e. oedema, bronchopneumonia Bronchial pattern Bronchial pattern - cat Interstitial pattern pneumonia oedema haemorrhage neoplasia Interstitial pattern Interstitium fills with fluid/cells Indistinct pattern Difficult to identify vessels clearly Interstitial pattern Interstitial pattern Cardiogenic edema Pulmonary edema MVD MVD pre and post tx alveolar pattern Localised: bronchopneumonia oedema haemorrhage neoplasia lung collapse/ atelectasis dirofilariasis pulmonary infarct Diffuse: severe bronchopneumonia severe oedema haemorrhage near-drowning smoke inhalation Air bronchogram Air bronchogram Alveolar Pattern Alveolar Pattern Vascular Pattern ABV Blood vessels Enlarged arteries pulmonary hypertension,i.e. R to L shuntng PDA, dirofilariasis Enlarged veins congestion due to mitral insufficiency Enlarged arteries and veins overcirculation, i.e. L to R shunt, overhydration Small arteries and veins hypovolaemia, tetralogy of Fallot Pulmonary vasculature Compare size of arteries and veins Increased or decreased in size Are both arteries and veins affected Shape of vessels / tortuous, truncated Pulmonary vessels A V B Arteriogram Pulmonary hypertension in dirofilariasis Vessel size in PDA vs normal Undercirculation in shock Lung hyperlucency Diffuse: Focal: Overexposure Weight loss Hypovolaemia Overinflation Air trapping Emphysema Bulla Lobar emphysema Pulmonary embolism Bronchiectasis Pleural effusion White thoracic cavity Loss of clarity