presentation.

Water quality assessment : Akumal case
Dra. Laura M. Hernández Terrones
Foto Laura Hernández
Objectives…
¤ Evaluate water quality in the area and
determine the aquatic ecosystems
condition
¤ Provide science based information in
order to facilitate water resource
management
Climate change and water
Impacts
Society
Change
Ecosystem
Tropical storm and
hurricanes
(frecuency and
intensity)
Temperature
increase
Health
Services interruption
Diseases
Food
Damage to
agriculture,
livestock and
fisheries
Security
Socioeconomic
Coastal zone
protection
Tourism
Energy
production
Order and law
Floods damage
Sea level increase
Floods (coast and
contient)
Coral bleaching
Coastal zone
protection
Damage to
infraestructure
and properties
Ocean acidification, salt water Intrusion, drought….
Source: GEO-4 2007
History
¤ 2006-2009
¤ Water quality monitoring in Akumal
¤ 2011-2013
¤ Monitoring network design and
instrumentation for water quality evaluation
in Tulum municipality
2006-2009
Yal Ku
Foto Laura Hernández
Yal Ku: Salinity
¤  Summer 2007
¤  Spring 2008
Yal Ku: temperature
¤  Winter: 25-27 ºC
¤  Summer: 28-30 ºC
Chemical composition
Na
60
40
70
30
80
90
Yal Kú
10
Lagartos
100
Cl
0
20
0
10
20
30
40
Ca
Fecha
2500
2250
Oct-2008
2750
Sep-2008
Jul-2008
Jun-2008
Apr-2008
Feb-2008
Jan-2008
Nov-2007
Sep-2007
Aug-2007
Jun-2007
Escherichia coli (NMP/100 ml)
Yal Ku: coliform bacteria
3000
Huracán "Dean"
YK 1
YK2
YK3
YK5
YK6
YK7
YK8
1500
1250
1000
750
500
250
0
Yal Ku: Nutrients
¤ Nitrate concentrations in Yal Ku lagoon were
between 28.71μM and 55.97μM
¤ Values are higher than threshold limits established
by Mexican environment legislation for aquatic life
protection in marine waters (water quality
ecological criteria CE-CCA-001/89) (<0.645 μM
NO3)
¤ Significantly higher than values reported by
Mutchler et al. (2007) at the same location (26.9
μM n=2).
160
y = 0.8212x - 5.3156
140
R2 = 0.8992
n=84
YK04
N-NO 3 ( µ M)
120
YK05
100
YK06
80
YK07
YK03
60
YK02
YK01
40
20
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
E. coli (NMP/100 ml)
120
140
160
Lagartos lagoon
Foto Laura Hernández
Lagartos lagoon: nutrients
L01
L02
L03
L04
180.0
160.0
120.0
100.0
80.0
60.0
40.0
Date
Sept-08
Aug-08
Jul-08
Jun-08
May-08
Apr-08
Mar-08
Feb-08
Jan-08
Nov-07
0.0
Oct-07
20.0
Sept-07
NO3- (µM)
140.0
Bays
Fecha
Oct-2008
Sep-2008
4000
Fecha
3000
2000
1000
0
500
Huracán "Dean"
Oct-2008
750
Sep-2008
Jul-2008
Jun-2008
Apr-2008
Feb-2008
Jan-2008
Nov-2007
Sep-2007
9000
Jul-2008
10000
Aug-2007
12000
Jun-2008
8000
Jun-2007
Bays
Apr-2008
Feb-2008
Jan-2008
Nov-2007
11000
Sep-2007
Aug-2007
Jun-2007
Escherichia coli (NMP/100 ml)
1250
1000
PAS
PJS
PJN
BMLS
BMLN
BAS
BAN
250
0
Bays: Nutrients
180"
SGD+1"
SGD+2S"
SGD+3S"
MC+1"
MC+2"
SGD+4S"
SGD+2N"
160"
N"NO3%(uM)%
140"
120"
100"
80"
60"
40"
20"
0"
Sep+07"
Oct+07"
Nov+07"
Jan+08"
Feb+08"
Mar+08"
Apr+08"
Date%
May+08"
Jun+08"
Jul+08"
Aug+08"
Sep+08"
4000
SGD, MC
3500
3000
[SO4] mg/L
2500
YAL KU LAGOON
2000
1500
1000
500
LAGARTOS LAGOON
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
[Si-SiO2] umol/L
120
140
160
180
Fecha
6000
4000
10-Sep-07
5-Sep-07
31-Aug-07
26-Aug-07
21-Aug-07
16-Aug-07
11-Aug-07
6-Aug-07
1-Aug-07
E. coli (NMP/100 ml)
Other…
16000
14000
8000
CA1
CA2
CA3
SR1
SR2
2000
0
2011-2013
¤ Water quality network monitoring design for
Tulum (CCT)
¤  Phase I. Sites selection and water sampling effort
¤  Phase II. Water sampling, sites instrumentation, and
validation process
Profile: Uxuxubi
November 2012
January 2013
11
/2
8/
11 12#
/3
0/
1
12 2#
/2
/1
12 2#
/4
/1
12 2#
/6
/1
12 2#
/8
/
12 12#
/1
0/
12 12#
/1
2/
12 12#
/1
4/
12 12#
/1
6/
12 12#
/1
8/
12 12#
/2
0/
12 12#
/2
2/
12 12#
/2
4/
12 12#
/2
6/
12 12#
/2
8/
12 12#
/3
0/
12
1/ #
1/
13
1/ #
3/
13
1/ #
5/
13
1/ #
7/
13
1/ #
9/
1
1/ 3#
11
/1
1/ 3#
13
/1
1/ 3#
15
/1
1/ 3#
17
/1
1/ 3#
19
/1
1/ 3#
21
/1
3#
Columna)de)Agua)(cm))
CA#(cm)#
26#
25#
25#
20#
24#
15#
23#
FECHA)
Temperatura)(°C))
35#
28#
Temperatura#(°C)#
27#
30#
Nitrates in Akumal selected sites
Concentraciones+Nitratos+(mg/L)+
Agosto&2012&
Noviembre&2012&
Enero&2013&
16.533&
14.63&
14.341&
12.091&
10.58&
9.40&
7.835&
5.743&
3.138&
3.893&
3.139&
1.814&
1.246&
0.84&
Cenote&A&
3.61&
3.283&
Cenote&B&
Cenote&C&
YKC&
SGD1&
1.74&
0.748&
SGD2&
Constructed wetlands
CW1
CW2
CW3
site
CW4
E. coli
Removal efficiency(%)
2007
2008
CW1
67-99
85-99
CW2
64-99
79-99
CW3
33-97
40-99
Conclusions
¤  The rising groundwater contamination will increase the stress on
available water resources and valuable ecosystems, especially
the adjacent coral reef.
¤  The results of this monitoring will provide valuable data to
propose and/or improve protection, conservation measures
¤  The next phases will give useful information and help us to
estimate
¤  Mixing conditions,
¤  Contaminants transport,
¤  We can not stop the natural processes, but we can to diminish
their impact, with a responsible and informed approach
¤ “The hope is to create at the same time strategies
to address climate change and to impulse the
sustainable development”
¤ Mohan Munasinghe, 2007
¤ IPCC
¤ Water quality impacts the development, and the
development patterns will affect the water quality
now and in a near future.
Centro Ecológico Akumal
MC Paul Sánchez-Navarro R.
MC Iván Penié R.
MC Edith Sosa B.
Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C
Quím. Daniela Ortega C.
Biol. Viridiana Nava R.
MCM. Fanny de Gante Ayora
Special recognition must be given to the national and international students
Gracias !!
[email protected]
Thank you!!