Europe 3 - HCC Learning Web

Iceland
Northern
(Nordic)
Europe
Europe, part 3
Norway
Sweden
Ferry
boat
routes
Denmark
• Scandinavia:
Finland
•
Estonia •
•
– Norway
– Sweden
– Denmark
Finland
Iceland
Estonia
– Baltic Republic
– Was part of
USSR
Vast offshore oil
fields in the
North &
Norwegian Seas
Denmark: small
island nation,
5 million
Ferry
boat
routes
Sweden
Copenhagen
Germany
Totally energy independent via offshore wind turbines
In preparation for the 2009 Global
Climate Change Conference, Denmark
has initiated dramatic energy policy
changes to become independent of
fossil fuels within 5 years.
(see the Online videos http://www.pbs.org/now/shows/544/ )
Electric cars will
completely replace
gasoline powered autos
thereby eliminating
dependence of foreign oil.
Higher per gallon gasoline
costs in Europe demand
transportation conservation
and alternative uses
Comparison of Gasoline Price in US & Europe, 2011
Date
Belgium France Germany Italy Netherlands
1/3/2011
7.49
7.24
7.42
7.26
7.98
1/10/2011
7.32
7.08
7.24
7.08
7.82
1/17/2011
7.64
7.37
7.49
7.37
8.09
1/24/2011
7.64
7.56
7.58
7.59
8.24
1/31/2011
7.62
7.54
7.48
7.60
8.15
2/7/2011
7.68
7.50
7.41
7.54
8.14
2/14/2011
7.65
7.44
7.48
7.48
8.11
2/21/2011
7.70
7.58
7.53
7.63
8.30
2/28/2011
7.92
7.79
7.80
7.88
8.53
3/7/2011
8.02
7.97
7.99
8.07
8.71
UK
7.33
7.51
7.69
7.78
7.74
7.87
7.82
7.92
7.94
8.07
US
3.31
3.33
3.35
3.35
3.35
3.37
3.38
3.43
3.62
NA
Sweden
European mentality is
totally focused on
environmental efficiency
and harmony, so as a
result, those values are
also reflected when
operating in the US.
Houston Kim Castillo of Ikea walks past the 3,388 solar panels on the roof of the Ikea store
on Wednesday July 11, 2012 in Houston, Texas. The program will produce approximately
1,152,464 kWh of clean electricity annually, the equivalent of reducing 795 tons of carbon
dioxide (CO2), eliminating the emissions of 156 cars or powering 99 homes yearly.
IKEA is the largest solar powered company in Texas.
Photo: J. Patric Schneider, For The Chronicle / Houston Chronicle
Sweden
Clothing,
soon in Dallas &
Houston
furniture &
accessories
Major Scandinavian
companies
Finland
People pass by signage for H&M, a clothing store, that is under
construction at Willowbrook Mall Thursday, Feb. 9, 2012, in Houston.
Photo: Melissa Phillip, Houston Chronicle / © 2011 Houston Chronicle
Shoppers wait for the grand opening at Baybrook Mall of the new
H&M store based in Sweden on May 31, 2012, in Houston.
(Mayra Beltran / Houston Chronicle)
Record keeping is an important function for all countries;
especially citizenship, immigration, birth/death, health,
education, military, retirement papers, tax, census, etc.
As such, there must be an ID system and unique method
of distinguishing the people, both by name and ID #. The
US uses the social security number.
Cultural traditions throughout Scandinavian countries
regarding naming their babies has created widespread
duplicate surnames that are problematic for public
records because the entire population uses only a few
of the same names repeatedly!
Historically, families name their children “son” or “sen”
after the father, i.e. Karlson or Jensen. Thus, the
number of people with these names has reached
impossible proportions thereby complicating financial
and other public records.
Of the 100 most common names in Sweden, 42 end in
“-sen.” Currently there is a massive trend for people to
change their name to something more creative.
With 46% of the
population of
Denmark having one
of the same leading
20 names, you can
imagine the
confusion and lack of
identity trying to find
your records in
school, at the bank,
or tracing family
heritage.
Most Common Surnames in Denmark
Rank
#
Name
1
303,089 Jensen
2
296,850 Nielsen
3
248,968 Hansen
4
186,913 Pedersen
5
172,894 Andersen
6
133,033 Christensen
7
129,662 Larsen
8
124,175 Sørensen
9
104,130 Rasmussen
10
98,354 Jørgensen
11
92,189 Petersen
12
70,176 Madsen
13
65,074 Kristensen
14
54,044 Olsen
15
40,514 Thomsen
16
40,224 Christiansen
17
34,203 Poulsen
18
33,120 Johansen
19
31,977 Knudsen
20
31,252 Mortensen
2,290,841
46%
5,000,000
total country
population
MEDITERRANEAN
EUROPE
Mediterranean Europe
• Six countries:
– Spain
– Portugal
– Italy
– Greece
– Turkey
• A discontinuous region, but all are
on the Mediterranean Sea
• Cultural continuity dates from
Greco-Roman times
Mediterranean Europe
Greece
Cyprus (Greek portion only)
Malta
Greece is also an ancient
civilization that existed before
Rome, but now it teeters on near
bankruptcy because of
overspending during the 2004
Olympics and its poor financial
management. It has borrowed
from the EU, but remains in
tenuous condition.
Northeastern Mediterranean
Technology ~ closes physical gaps and collapses time
The wide gap
between the
peninsula and the
mainland isolate
the southern
portion. The gap
was so wide that
only new bridge
building technology
of the 21st C. could
solve the
engineering
problem.
New bridge
Without a bridge, land value
in this area is lower because
trade routes are isolated from
the mainland and require
circuitous travel to get to the
other side.
Rio–Antirrio bridge (2004) is the World's longest multi-span cable-stayed
bridge. It crosses the Gulf of Corinth near Patras, linking the town of Rion
on the Peloponnese to Antirion on mainland Greece, thus eliminating time,
cost, and distance avoiding of land travel.
New bridge
Total length
2,880 meters
(9,448.82 ft);
aka 2 miles
Italy
• Most populous
Mediterranean country
• Recent economic problems
and debt crisis threatening
global stability
• Best connected to the
European core
• Most economically advanced
• Displays a sharp north/south
contrast, divided by the
Ancona line
• Main cities are Milan and
Rome
Italy: fashion and design
Even though Milan is the
national and worldwide
capital of fashion, Rome,
Florence, Naples, Venice and
Turin also contain many highend fashion boutiques and
are international capitals.
Italian Fashion designers: Dolce & Gabbana,
Manolo Blanek, Prada, Armani, Benetton, Biagiotti
Laura, Bottega Veneta, Capasa Ennio, Diesel,
Versace, Gucci, Fendi, Valentino, etc.
The Roman Empire lasted from 800 BC ~ 500 AD and is
one of the oldest civilizations of the world. As such, the
city holds all of the historical and art treasures from
Caesar’s time through the Renaissance.
Roman Empire
Romans were known for architecture, public utilities, art,
and their democratic government. Italy again excelled
during the Renaissance, from the end of the 13th
century to about 1600, marking the transition between
Medieval and Early Modern Europe.
ROMAN
COLOSEUM
It is also home to the Vatican and
St. Peter’s Basilica, seat of the
Catholic religion.
St. Peter’s
Basilica
Important Dates of the Renaissance
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1450- Gutenberg invents the Printing Press
1504 - Leonardo di Vinci paints the Mona Lisa
1508-12- Michelangelo paints the Sistine Chapel
1532-34-Henry the VIII declares himself the head of the English Church
1547-Miguel de Cervantes born
1564-William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe and Galileo Galilei
are born
1588-Elizabeth's navy defeats the Spanish Armada (Cervantes's employer)
making England one of the most powerful nations in the world
1605 - Gunpowder plot - Roman Catholic extremists try to blow up
Parliament in England.
1609 - Galileo invents the telescope
1611- King James Bible published
1616 - Shakespeare and Cervantes die
1642 - English Civil War (Glorious Revolution); Theaters close, will not
reopen until the Restoration period (1660). Galileo dies replaced by Isaac
Newton
Apr 26 2011 FABIO MUZZI /AFP/Getty Images
Tourists visit the leaning tower of Pisa, free of scaffoldings for the first time after 20
years of stabilization and restoration works. Legend has it the tower was begun in 1173
after a Pisan noblewoman left 60 coins to the city in her will to build a magnificent
belfry. But after just three levels had been built, the tower began to lean, sinking into
its foundations on one side. Though panicked architects and engineers have been
trying to stabilize it ever since, the tower has continued to tilt.
Venice: Island City of Canals
The city is sinking, so high tides require
a gondolier for transportation.
FLOODING IN VENICE
TOURISTS WALK ON THE FLOODED SAINT-MARK'S
SQUARE IN VENICE. THE HIGH WATER, A
CONVERGENCE OF HIGH TIDES AND A STRONG
SIROCCO WIND, STOOD AT 110 CENTIMETERS.
St. Mark’s Cathedral
Red lines indicate temporary walkways and Green lines
indicate permanent walkways higher than 120cm.
A small boat passes on a canal covered
with ice in Venice. Temperatures fell to
minus 10 degrees 14 degrees Fahrenheit.
(Marco Sabadin/AFP/Getty Images) / HC
World’s most famous glass artist, Dale Chihuly (Seattle),
exhibits his orbs floating and hanging over the canals of
Venice. His work is also in the chandelier of the Hilton
Americas, downtown Houston.
Chihuly chandeliers
at the
Hilton Americas at
Discovery Green,
downtown Houston
Tourists take a self-timer
photo in front of a snow
surrounded ancient
Coliseum in Rome, built
70-80 AD. (AP Photo/
Andrew Medichini)
2012 was unprecedented cold
weather throughout Europe.
A view of the Cannaregio
channel, partially iced
because of unusually low
temperatures in Venice,
Italy. (AP Photo/Luigi
Costantini) / HC
May
2011
Nuns take pictures in the
snow covered St. Peter's
square at the Vatican, Febr.
2012. (AP Photo/Riccardo De
Luca) (Riccardo De Luca)/ HC
Michelangelo's Sistine
Chapel adjacent to St.
Peter’s Basilica was the site
of the conclave from where
the smoke was released to
signal selection of the Pope,
March 2013.
St. Peter’s Basilica,
Vatican City, & Wall
Alps were created from a
collision of the Euro and
African tectonic plates.
Alps Mts.
Po River Valley
European Tectonic Plates
2009
earthquake
damage
L’Aquila, Italy
L’Aquila
Rome
L’Aquila
Rome
L’Aquila
Conversely, news media reported 70,000
homeless as a result of the quake which
obviously includes a larger area.
32,000
housing units
Richter scale
measured the intensity
of earthquakes
L’Aquila
Iberian
Peninsula:
Spain and
Portugal
Thematic Map of GDP per capita
• Rising in economic, cultural, and political importance,
especially Spain
• Rapid economic improvement since joining the EU
• Regional devolutionary pressures
Former Armani model and
now competitive Spanish
bullfighter, Caetano Ordonez
http://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=5U11HNjPD-I
Colombian matador
Luis Bolivar performs
with a Puerto de San
Lorenzo's ranch bull
during a bullfight at Las
Ventas bullring in
Madrid.
Bullfighting is a long
standing tradition in
Spain.
Spain
Portugal
Mediterranean
Sea
Atlantic
Ocean
Morocco
North Africa
Rock of
Gibraltar
Strait of Gibraltar, 7 miles wide linking the
Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea
Rock of Gibraltar
Rock of Gibraltar
Prudential uses Gibraltar as
its marketing logo.
An astronaut photo released by the NASA Earth Observatory on December 26,
2011 from the International Space Station (ISS) shows the city lights of Spain and
Portugal define the Iberian Peninsula. Several large metropolitan areas are
visible, marked by their relatively large and brightly lit areas, including the capital
cities of Madrid, Spain. Photo: Getty, - / AFP
Madrid
N
Africa
Spain
Atlantic
Ocean
north
Gibraltar
Lisbon
Apr 25 2011 Emilio Morenatti / AP
An "Almadraba" tuna is lifted by a crane during the opening of the season for tuna
fishing in the port of Barbate, Cadiz province, southern Spain. Almadraba tuna is
caught by an elaborate and ancient Andalusian fishing method used in Spanish
coastal areas close to the Strait of Gibraltar since Phoenician times.
•
•
•
•
•
•
Eastern Europe
Europe’s largest region
Contains the most countries
Many countries were part of the Soviet
sphere of influence
Incorporates Europe's poorest country:
Moldova
In 1990, none of its states could meet the
criteria for membership in the EU, now 10
are members
Reaches into the Russian zone of
influence
Former
Eastern
Communist
Europe
Subregions of
Eastern Europe
Ethnic
Groups In
Eastern
Europe
Countries Facing the Adriatic Sea
• Former Yugoslavia:
• Slovenia: first to secede; ethnically most
homogeneous
• Croatia: 4.4 million people (85% Croat)
• Bosnia: landlocked and centrally positioned
• Macedonia: 60% Macedonian, 25% Albanian
• Serbia: largest and most populous with 10 million
people
- Kosovo: administered by NATO
• Montenegro: 630,000 inhabitants
• Albania: remnant of Turkish Ottoman Empire; 70%
Muslims; lowest economic ranking in Europe
Breakup of the
Former
Yugoslavia
European Muslim
immigration is
changing its cultural
landscape, esp. in
France.
Turkey is
exclusively Muslim.
Turkey enters the EU
Switzerland has
always been
neutral and
independent.
•
• Turkey's young (23% of population
is under 15) and well-educated
population might act as a balance
for the increasingly aging
populations of the current EU.
Inclusion of Turkey’s Muslim population would lend acceptance for
worldwide multiculturalism and cinch Turkey’s alignment with the West.
Obama was awarded the Noble Peace Prize in 2009
partly because of his visit to Turkey after the G20 and
his first-time efforts to reach out to the Muslim world.
Black Sea
Greece
Adriatic
Sea
Sea of
Marmara
Aegean
Sea
Mediterranean Sea
Turkey
Greece
Cyprus (Greek portion only)
Malta
Istanbul is one of the
oldest cities in the
world and has
achieved prosperity
due to its superb trade
location on the
Bosporus Strait,
linking the Black Sea
and Mediterranean
Sea.
Northeastern Mediterranean
Bosporus Strait, separating the
continents of Europe & Asia; and the
city of Istanbul, Turkey
Europe
Istanbul
Asia
Asia
Bosporus Strait / Istanbul
Muslim mosques
dominate the
Istanbul skyline.
Black Sea
Asia
Europe
Istanbul
Istanbul,
11M people
Sea of
Marmara
Marmara Tunnel is a
rail/transportation link
under the Bosporus, now
under construction.
Rail Transit Share of Motorized
Trips (%)
Modern trams (similar
to Houston METRO rail) and
subways link parts
of the city
fragmented by the
river and strait.
Copyright by
Max Beauregard
Copyright by
Max Beauregard
Ships entering
the port link the
city to other
parts of the
world.
Copyright by
Max Beauregard
What a
great view!
Copyright by
Max Beauregard
Copyright by
Max Beauregard
Copyright by
Max Beauregard
It was the largest cathedral in the world for nearly a thousand years. The current
building was originally constructed as a church between 532 and 537 A.D.
Istanbul is a city where historical and
cultural values must be preserved and at the
same time modern railway facilities have to
be installed to decrease the environmental
impact of public transportation and increase
the capacity, reliability and comfort of the
railway systems.
Hagia Sophia
DIMITAR DILKOFF:
AFP/Getty Images
A German motocross biker
performs in front of the
Blue Mosque in Istanbul.
Tourists walk near the
Ottoman-era Sultan Ahmed
Mosque, or Blue Mosque, in
Istanbul, Turkey, Febr 2012.
(AP Photo) / HC
The Grand Bazaar is 550 years old
and is shopping at its best!! It has 58
covered streets and over 4000 shops
which attract between 250,000 and
400,000 visitors daily.
Turkish saunas
(for $10.) are
famous and their
buildings are 100s
years old!
Light streams
through the glass
“holes” in the
dome.
Spice Market
Street scene of Istanbul
Copyright by
Max Beauregard