qarTuli enisa da literaturis gakveTilebi meoTxe klasSi

Transcription

n. maRlakeliZe, c. yuraSvili,
e. maRlakeliZe
qarTuli enisa da
literaturis
gakveTilebi meoTxe klasSi
(maswavleblis wigni)
gamomcemloba `meridiani~
Tbilisi
2009
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redaqtorebi _ neli elizbaraSvili
manana CikvilaZe
kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa _ daviT kutubiZe
koreqtori _ marine kilaZe
© gamomcemloba `meridiani~, 2009
© n. maRlakeliZe
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meToduri miTiTebani maswavlebelTaTvis
naTela maRlakeliZis, cisana yuraSvilis, elene maRlakeliZis mier
qarTul enasa da literaturaSi Sedgenili saswavlo kompleqti IV-klaselTaTvis moicavs Semdeg komponentebs:
a) qarTuli ena da literatura _ moswavlis wigni;
b) aqtivobebis rveuli;
g) maswavleblis wigni;
d) wignis samyaro-4.
`moswavlis wigni~ Sedgenilia erovnuli saswavlo gegmisa da qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobrivi standartebis mixedviT. masSi Setanili sakiTxavi
masala SerCeulia da dalagebuli e. w. Tematur-budobrivi principiT. aq SexvdebiT rogorc klasikosebis (SoTa rusTaveli, sulxan-saba orbeliani, daviT
guramiSvili, ilia, akaki, vaJa, iakob gogebaSvili, galaktioni...), ise Tanamedrove
qarTveli mwerlebis (nodar dumbaZe, revaz inaniSvili, goderZi Coxeli, otia
ioseliani, guram doCanaSvili, guram rCeuliSvili, ana kalandaZe, muxran maWavariani, murman lebaniZe...) Semoqmedebis saukeTeso nimuSebs, aseve _ sazRvargareTis saymawvilo mwerlobis cnobili warmomadgenlebis (mark tveni, astrid
lindgreni...) Targmanebs; garda sityvakazmuli mwerlobis nimuSebisa, vrclad
aris wamodgenili e. w. aRweriTi teqstebic, romelTa mizania ara mxolod kiTxvis strategiebis daufleba, aramed sagnobrivi codnis SeZenac xelovnebis, istoriisa da bunebismetyvelebis ama Tu im sakiTxebze. es, Cveni azriT, xels Seuwyobs saganTSoris kavSirsa da saswavlo masalis integracias, rac dawyebiTi
klasebisaTvis gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani da arsebiTia.
axali masalis damuSaveba xdeba swavlebis interaqtiuri meTodebis gamoyenebiT. teqstis damuSavebisaTvis wamodgenilia sami tipis kiTxvebi _ gagebaze, gaazrebasa da Sefasebaze orientirebuli. es
saxelmZRvaneloSi aRniSnulia saTanado pirobiTi niSnebiT da
gavigoT
maswavlebels vTxovT, miaqcios am garemobas yuradReba. aseve,
saTanado pirobiTi niSniT aris warmodgenili enobriv masalaze
dakvirvebac, romelic mWidrod ukavSirdeba sakiTxav teqstebs.
gaviazroT
aq mocemulia is gansazRvrebebi, wesebi da savarjiSoebi, romlebic xels Seuwyoben ara mxolod calkeuli gramatikuli kategoriebis gacnobas, aramed maTs gamoyenebas praqtikulad _
SevafasoT
zepirsa Tu weriTs metyvelebaSi. enobrivi masalis damuSavebisas maswavlebels SeuZlia, damatebiT gamoiyenos amave avtorebis mier Sedgenili (ukve aprobirebuli) damxmare saxelmZRvanelos _ `Cveni ena qarTuli~ _ ganaxlebuli da gadamuSavebuli enobriv masalaze
dakvirveba
gamocema, romelSic igive sakiTxebi ganxilulia meti siRrmiTa
da sistematikiT da xels uwyobs moswavleTa aRWurvas ZiriTadi
sametyvelo unar-CvevebiT.
saswavlo masala warmodgenilia 36 samuSao kvirisaTvis.
TiToeuli Temis damuSavebas sWirdeba daaxloebiT 2-3 akademi- sityvis salaro
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uri saaTi (kviraSi saSualod 2 masala); aseve, gzadagza maswavlebels vutovebT
1-1 saaTs Tavisufali muSaobisaTvis. pedagogma Tavad gadawyvitos, rogor
gaanawilos es saaTebi.
àqtivobebis rveulSi~ (ise, rogorc gasul wlebSi) warmodgenilia is ZiriTadi savarjiSoebi da aqtivobebi, romlebic unda Sesruldes ama Tu im masalis
swavlebisas. ar vuTiTebT, romeli savarjiSo unda Sesruldes Sin da romeli
klasSi, es Tavad maswavleblis gadasawyvetia. aseve met adgils vtovebT `Tavisufali~ werisaTvis. savarjiSo maswavlebels SeuZlia, TviTon SearCios sakuTari
SexedulebiT. TiToeul masalasTan daaxloebiT 4-5 davalebaa warmodgenili.
ZiriTadi aqcenti keTdeba teqstebis agebaze, praqtikuli sametyvelo unarCvevebis dauflebaze, weriTi metyvelebis kulturis daxvewaze. maswavlebels ki
(Tu mas dro darCa da aqvs survili) SeuZlia maTi gamravalferovneba. `rveulSi~
savarjiSoebis erTi nawili gankuTvnilia wyvilebSi muSaobisaTvis, rac saTanado pirobiTi niSniT aris aRniSnuli. zogierTi savarjiSo warmatebiT SeiZleba gamoviyenoT jgufuri muSaobisaTvisac. garda weriTi davalebebisa, mocemulia testuri kiTxvebic,
romlebic ZiriTadad teqstis gaazrebazea orientirebuli. `rveulSi~ erTgvar
siaxles warmoadgens davalebebi moswavleTa codnis TviTSefasebisaTvis. maswavlebels vTxovT, ar gamorCes es garemoeba mxedvelobidan.
`wignis samyaro _ 4~ warmoadgens sakiTxavi masalis krebuls damoukidebeli kiTxvisaTvis. vecadeT, SegverCia iseTi maRalmxatvruli teqstebi, romlebic saintereso iqneboda am asakis moswavleTaTvis; amave dros, iqneboda SemecnebiTi da aRmzrdelobiTi xasiaTis. am krebulis mizania saklaso kiTxvis
gakveTilebze miRebuli codnis gaRrmaveba, wignze damoukidebeli muSaobisa da
kiTxvis unar-Cvevebis srulyofa,... masala aqac warmodgenilia Tematur-budobrivi principiT (sul warmodgenilia 6 Tema: `Sen gitoveb, es qveyana Senia...~,
istoriuli sakiTxavi, `kidevac daizrdebian...~, `buneba mbrZanebelia~, `sibrZne sicruisa~, `qveyana, saxelad `sikeTe~. maswavlebels, ra Tqma unda, SeuZlia maTi gadajgufeba sakuTari Sexedulebisamebr.
`maswavleblis wigni~ gzamkvlevia pedagogisaTvis. misi mizania gauadvilos maswavleblebs gakveTilebis dagemva Tanamedrove, swavlebis interaqtiuri
meTodebiT, uzrunvelyos im Sedegebis miRweva, romlebic erovnuli saswavlo
gegmiT aris gaTvaliswinebuli. gvsurs xazi gavusvaT im faqts, rom `maswavleblis wigni~ aris mxolod da mxolod saorientacio da ara savaldebulo. pedagogs SeuZlia masSi cvlilebebis Setana sakuTari Sexedulebisamebr. `wignSi~
warmodgenilia gakveTilebis scenarebi ise, rom maswavlebels eqneba maTi gamravlaferovnebisa da SemoqmedebiTad gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba. aq miTiTebula gakveTilebis miznebi da aqtivobebi, teqstze muSaobis ZiriTadi etapebi,
testuri davalebebisa da savarjiSoebis pasuxebi, ew. `damatebiTi informacia~
teqstSi aRniSnuli romelime istoriuli faqtisa Tu movlenis Sesaxeb... TiToeuli scenaris bolos saTanado kodiT (am kodiT aRniSnuli Sedegi maswavle4
bels SeuZlia ixilos `qarTuli enisa da literaturis sagnobriv standartebSi~)
miTiTebulia gakveTilis bolos mosalodneli Sedegebi. gzadagza pedagogebs
vawvdiT e. w. `sanimuSo gakveTilebis~ scenarebs, sadac detalurad aris aRwerili gakveTilis TiToeuli momenti saorientacio drois miTiTebiT.
`maswavleblis wignSi~, pedagogTa survilsamebr, SevitaneT mokle biografiuli cnobari Sesaswavli mwerlebis Sesaxeb, sadac mwerlebis ZiriTad
biografiul momentebTan erTad misi Semoqmedebis ZiriTadi aspeqtebic aris
mimoxiluli. xazgasmiT gvinda aRvniSnoT, rom es `cnobaric~ da `damatebiTi
informaciac~ gankuTvnilia mxolod da mxolod pedagogebisaTvis da misi am
saxiT miwodeba moswavleTaTvis dauSvebelia.
winaswar vuxdiT madlobas im pedagogebs, romlebmac arCevani Cven mier Sedgenil saxelmZRvaneloze SeaCeres. yovel saqmian SeniSvnas didi madlierebiTa
da gulisyuriT movekidebiT.
avtorebi
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ana kalandaZis `saqarTveloo lamazo~,
martivi teqstis ageba – `rogor gavatare zafxuli~
nj{ofcj
_ poeturi teqstis aRqma
_ gamometyvelebiTi kiTxvis Cvevis daufleba
_ mxatvrul saxeebze dakvirveba
_ leqsikuri maragis gamdidreba
_ martivi Tematuri teqstis ageba da wera
_ weris martivi strategiebis (weriTi davalebis mokle gegmis Sedgena,
teqstis daniSnulebisa da miznis gansazRvra, naweris koreqtireba,
TviTSefaseba...) daufleba
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_ moswavle gamometyvelebiT kiTxulobs teqsts
_ saubrobs saTaurisa da teqstis azrobriv kavSirze
_ gamoxatavs sakuTar damokidebulebas wakiTxulis mimarT
_ akvirdeba leqsSi gamoyenebul mxatvrul saxeebs
_ qmnis martiv Tematur teqsts
_ eufleba weris martiv strategiebs
I. leqsis gamometyvelebiTi kiTxva da analizi
1) gakveTilis pirveli nawili daeTmoba moswavleTa zafxulis STabeWdilebebis gaziarebas.
2) maswavlebeli teqsts kiTxulobs gamometyvelebiT. udidesi mniSvneloba
aqvs maswavleblis nimuSs, ramdenadac swored gamometyvelebiTi kiTxvis procesSi xdeba moswavleTa provocireba, amave dros bevri ucnobi sityvisa Tu frazis
mniSvneloba SeiZleba, swored am dros gaiazron moswavleebma. aucilebelia, winaswar sworad iqnes SerCeuli saTanado intonacia, tempi da xmis tembri, gaazrebul iqnes logikuri maxvilebisa Tu pauzebis adgili teqstSi...
moswavleebi maswavleblis miTiTebiT varjiSoben teqstis gamometyvelebiT
kiTxvaze, gzadagza aixsneba ucnobi sityvebi da gamoTqmebi (Zewna _ tirifis
saxeoba; naavadari _ daavadebuli; eWvebiT naavadari _ eWvebiT Sepyrobili;
sadari _ Sesadari, msgavsi; ros _ roca; danabindebi _ dabinduli...). aucilebelia, kiTxvis procesSi moswavleebi praqtikulad, terminebis miwodebis ga6
reSe, davakvirvoT, Tu rogor axerxebs mwerali teqstSi silamazisa da musikalobis miRwevas (riTma: sad ari _ sadari, mzad ari _ sad ari... refreni: erTi da
imave frazis gameoreba _ sxva saqarTvelo sad ari?! aliteracia: msgavsi bgerebis Tanazomieri ganmeoreba _ ca arca risi sadari... metafora: gorSi itirebs
atami...).
3) teqstis analizi _ a) waikiTxeT teqstidan is adgili, sadac aRwerilia
saqarTvelos buneba, b) moZebneT is fraza, romelic leqsSi ramdenjerme meordeba; Tqveni azriT, ratom imeorebs poeti am frazas? ris gamoxatva surs mas am
sityvebiT? (`sxva saqarTvelo sad ari?!~ Casmulia brWyalebSi imis gamo, rom
igi amoRebulia gr. orbelianis leqsidan); g) Tu Cans leqsSi poetis ganwyoba?
romeli sityvebiT gadmogvcems poeti amas? (`guli safrenad mzad ari~), d) Tqveni
azriT, ramdenad sworad aqvs SerCeuli leqss saTauri?
damatebiTi informacia maswavleblisaTvis: ana kalandaZe _ (1915 _ 2008 wlebi), cnobili
qarTveli poeti qali, daamTavra Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis filologiis fakulteti
1946 wels, pirveli krebuli gamosca 1953 wels; misma leqsebma maSinve miipyro yuradReba sinatifiTa da poeturi azrovnebis kulturiT, misi poeturi stili sisadaviTa da harmoniuli formiT
gamoirCeva; sinamdvile mis lirikaSi mxolod ganwmendili, gafaqizebuli saxiT aris warmodgenili; maRali paTetikisa da wrfeli guliTadobis Sezaveba zomieri arqaizaciisa da sasaubro
intonaciebis SerwymiT aris miRebuli. misi leqsebis krebuli mravaljer gamoica. Targmnilia
rusul, frangul, inglisur, germanul, polonur, Turqul, arabul... enebze.
II. martivi Tematuri teqstis Seqmna
moswavleebi maswavleblis miTiTebiT adgenen martiv Tematur teqsts zafxulis ardadegebis Sesaxeb. ecnobian àqtivobebis rveulSi~ mocemul samaxsovros: èrTad SevadginoT teqsti~:
1. SeTavazebuli saTaurebidan irCeven erT-erTs (`rogor gavatare zafxuli~, `Cemi zafxuli~, `zafxulis STabeWdilebani~... SeuZliaT, Tavadac moifiqron
msgavsi saTauri);
2. adgenen gegmas (TanmimdevrobiT Camoweren sakiTxebs, romlebzec apireben saubars);
3. adgenen teqsts am gegmis mixedviT;
4. kiTxuloben da asworeben sakuTar dawerils;
5. ukiTxaven sxvebs.
6. afaseben sakuTar nawers (rogor Sevasrule davaleba _ `Zalian kargad~,
`kargad~, `gamiWirda~, erTmaneTs udareben maswavleblisa da sakuTar Sefasebas,
akeTeben daskvnas _ ra gauWirdaT, ratom, momavalSi rogor unda aicilon Tavidan mosalondeli Secdomebi...)
umjobesia, es davaleba klasSi Sesruldes individualurad.
Sedegebis kodi: IV.1, IV.3, IV.6, IV. 7, IV.10, IV.11.
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nodar dumbaZis ` bebia da zurikela~ (nawyveti), frazeologizmebi,
o
dialogi, sxvaTa sityvis -o
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_ gabmuli metyvelebis ganviTareba, sxvadasxva pirSi Txroba
_ dialogze dakvirveba
_ sxvaTa sityvis -o-s marTlwera
_ frazeologizmebze dakvirveba, moswavleTa leqsikuri maragis gamdidreba
_ kiTxvis martivi strategiebis (wakiTxulis gaazreba, miTiTebuli adgilis moZebna, personaJTa saqcielis Sefaseba, wakiTxulisadmi sakuTari
damokidebulebis dafiqsireba...) daufleba
_ Seswavlili nawarmoebis mixedviT werilobiTi Txzulebis Sedgena
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_ moswavle kiTxulobs teqsts
_ gadmoscems mis Sinaarss sxvadasxva pirSi
_ afasebs moqmed pirTa saqciels da gamoxatavs Tavis damokidebulebas
wakiTxulisadmi
_ wers
_ eufleba marTlweris sakiTxebs (sxvaTa sityvis -o, sityvis damarcvla da
gadatana)
_ muSaobs wyvilebSi, jgufurad
I. teqstis kiTxva da analizi
1. kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba _ maswavlebeli klass uCvenebs wigns `me, bebia,
iliko da ilarioni~, ekiTxeba, ra smeniaT am wignis gmirebis Sesaxeb (moswavleTa
umravlesobas nanaxi aqvs filmi, erT nawils ki unaxavs am personaJebis monumentebi dasvenebis park `mziurSi~), n. dumbaZis romeli leqsebi ician... martivad,
klasisaTvis gasagebi eniT saubrobs n. dumbaZis Semoqmedebaze.
damatebiTi informacia maswavleblisaTvis: nodar dumbaZe (1928-1984 wlebi), daamTavra
Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis ekonomiuri fakulteti, 1950 wlidan misi leqsebi da iumoristuli moTxrobebi sistematurad ibeWdeba qarTul presaSi. moTxrobebis pirveli wigni
_ `sofleli biWi~ _ gamoqveynda 1960 wels. aRiareba moutana pirvelive romanebma: `me, bebia,
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iliko da ilarioni~ (1960 w), `me vxedav mzes~ (1962 w). 1975 wels romanisaTvis `TeTri bairaRebi~
mieniWa rusTavelis premia. misi nawarmoebebis optimizmma, Tanamedrove problemebis Rrma wvdomam, Txrobis lirizmma da ganumeorebelma iumorma ganapiroba mwerlis popularoba. n. dumbaZis
nawarmoebebi Targmnilia mraval enaze. misi romanebis mixedviT (`me bebia, iliko da ilarioni~,
`me vxedav mzes~, `nu geSinia, deda,~ `TeTri bairaRebi~, `mziani Rame~) daidga speqtaklebi;
reJisorebma T. abulaZem (`me, bebia, iliko da ilarioni~), l. RoRoberiZem (`me vxedav mzes~),
T. kokoCaSvilma (`gza mSvidobisa, jayo~ _ romanis `nu geSinia, deda~ ekranizacia)... gadaiRes
filmebi, romlebic aseve didi popularobiT sargebloben dRemde.
2. teqstis kiTxva da leqsikuri analizi _ maswavlebeli teqsts kiTxulobs gamometyvelebiT. am dros gasaTvaliswinebeli is faqti, rom teqstis didi
nawili dawerilia dialogis formiT. amitom aucileblad unda SeirCes saTanado intonacia da tempi.
avalebs moswavleebs waikiTxon teqsti Cumad da moZebnon maTTvis gaugebari sityvebi da gamoTqmebi. aixsneba: usulgulo _ civi, gulgrili; lafSiani
_ ityvian adamianze, romelsac didi piri aqvs; ucxvirpiro _ uxasiaTo; pirSavi _ usindiso; rumbiviT gagixdi cxvir-pirs _ imdens girtyam, cxvir-pirs
dagisieb; amoupiravi _ gaumaZRari; RvTis piridan gadavardnili _ Sercxvenili, usindiso; moswavleebs avuxsniT agreTve safosto markis mniSvnelobasac
(Zvelad im werilebSi, romlebsac ar ekra safosto marka, adresati valdebuli
iyo gadaexada garkveuli Tanxa).
3. wakiTxulis analizi _ moswavleebi varjiSoben teqstis gamometyvelebiT
kiTxvaze (am dros SeiZleba gamoviyenoT rolebad kiTxvac: zurikela, bebia). akvirdebian, ramdeni adamianis saubaria teqstSi gadmocemuli (ori: teqstis erTi
nawili warmoadgens zurikelasa da bebias dialogs), eZeben da kiTxuloben im adgilebs, sadac ori adamianis saubaria mocemuli. gaanalizdeba, vin hyveba teqstSi
gadmocemul ambavs (Tavad zurikela), rogor hyveba (sasacilod)... metyvelebisas
rogor sityvebs iyenebs bebia (iwyevleba, iyenebs iseT sityvebs, rogoricaa: lafSiani, ucxvirpiro, pirSavi, RvTispiridan gadavardnili)... maTi azriT, ratom
iyenebs bebia aseT sityvebs metyvelebisas, TviTonac xom ar gaixseneben msgavs
sityvebs, romlebsac maTi bebiebi da babuebi iyeneben saubrisas, gansakuTrebiT
maSin, roca gabrazebuli arian; ratom uwodebs zurikela Tavis bebias `brZens~,
bebias ra `sibrZne~ Cans am teqstSi; ratom aris ganaTlebis saministros gadawyvetileba, bebias azriT, ùsulgulo~... daaxasiaTon bebia da zurikela teqstis
mixedviT da TiToeuli Tvisebis naTelsayofad teqstidan daasaxelon saTanado
adgili (mag. zurikela zarmacia imitom, rom ar exmareba bebias, ar uyvars swavla, mis bebias xSirad ibareben skolaSi, acdens gakveTilebs, skolas gaWirvebiT
amTavrebs...); gaarkvion, Tu Cans teqstSi mwerlis damokidebuleba misi gmirebisadmi...
3. Txroba _ moswavleebi TxrobiT gadmoscemen teqstis Sinaarss. am dros
yuradReba maxvildeba III pirSi Txrobaze.
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4. wakiTxulis gaazreba _ teqstis damuSavebis mere wakiTxulis gaazrebis
mizniT sruldeba testuri davalebebi (swori pasuxebi: 1 a, 2 a), aseve _ davalebebi: #1 da #2. #2 davalebis Sesrulebisas moswavleebi winaswar adgenen gegmas
da zepirad muSaoben Txzulebaze. klasSi gaanalizdeba ramdenime varianti, Semdeg ki igive savarjiSo sruldeba weriT, individualurad.
II. enobriv masalaze dakvirveba
1. sityvis mravalmniSvnelianoba: moswavleebi akvirdebian sityva `piris~
mniSvnelobas winadadebebSi: `piri imitom arsebobs, rom ena daatios kacma Sig.
piri zogs patara aqvs, zogs _ didi. visac didi piri aqvs, imas lafSians eZaxian
~ da frazebSi: `pirSavi kaci~ _ Sercxvenili, usindiso adamiani, ùpiro kaci~
_ moRalate, matyuara adamiani; ùcxvirpiro~ _ uxasiaTo... rac Seexeba `zmnis
pirs~, maswavlebeli klass eubneba, rom sul male zmnis pirsac Seiswavlian da
sTxovs daimaxsovron es fraza (`zmnis piri~). aqve jgufurad SeiZleba Catardes
erTgvari Sejibric: vin met sityvas dawers `piris~ gamoyenebiT (xel-piri, Tavpiri, pirnaTeli, pirsaxoci, pirutyvi, pirferi, pirjvari, pirquSi, pirRia...)
2. sxvaTa sityvis -o_s marTlwera _ dafaze iwereba frazebi:
`bebiam zurikelas hkiTxa:
_ rasaa, rom izuTxav?
zurikelam upasuxa:
_ zmnis pirianobas vswavlob.~
da
`bebiam zurikelas hkiTxa: rasaa, rom izuTxavo. zurikelam upasuxa: zmnis
pirianobas vswavlobo~.
moswavleebs vakvirvebT, rom pirvel SemTxvevaSi bebiasa da zurikelas naTqvami sityvasityviT aris gadmocemuli, meore SemTxvevaSi ki zurikelasa da bebias naTqvams imeorebs sxva (am SemTxvevaSi avtori) da orive winadadebas boloSi
o daerTvis.
am codnis gamoyenebiT sruldeba aqtivobebis rveulSi mocemuli #3 davaleba, romelic iTvaliswinebs pirdapir naTqvamTan sxvaTa sityvis ò~-s marTlweras.
informacia maswavleblisaTvis: Tu visime naTqvami sityvasityviTaa gadmocemuli, amas pirdapiri naTqvami hqvia. Tu pirdapiri naTqvami sxvis (III piris)
naTqvams gulisxmobs, mas Cveulebriv boloSi ò~ daerTvis, rasac sxvaTa sityvis
ò~ hqvia. Cven mier motanil yvela magaliTSi mTqmeli imeorebs sxvis (III piris)
naTqvams, amitom yvelagan ò~-s gamoyenebaa saWiro.
3. qarTuli anbanis ganmeoreba (davaleba #4).
4. sityvis damarcvla da gadatana (davaleba #5).
Sedegebis kodi: IV.2, IV.3, IV.4, IV.6, IV.7, IV.10, IV.12, IV.13.
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otia ioselianis `qoCora mtredis motanili baraTi~,
martivi miznobrivi da Tematuri teqstebis Seqmna;
dialogi, monologi (praqtikulad)
nj{ofcj
_ literaturuli teqstis kiTxva da analizi
_ kiTxvisa da weris martivi strategiebis daufleba
_ martivi miznobrivi (`skolis abra~) da Tematuri (`Cemi skola~)
teqstebis Seqmna
_ gabmul metyvelebaze varjiSi
_ martivi punqtuaciuri da orTografiuli Cvevebis formireba
_ Txrobis dialogur da monologur formebze dakvirveba (praqtikulad)
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_ moswavle kiTxulobs da aanalizebs mxatvrul teqsts
_ gadmoscems wakiTxulis Sinaarss
_ afiqsirebs Tavis damokidebulebas wakiTxulis mimarT,
ayalibebs daskvnebs, asabuTebs Tavis azrs
_adgens da wers martiv teqsts Temaze: `Cemi skola~,
_ akvirdeba teqstSi Txrobis dialogur da monologur formebs
_ixsenebs Seswavlil metyvelebis nawilebs (arsebiTi saxeli, zedsarTavi
saxeli, zmna) da amoicnobs maT teqstSi saTanado semantikur niSnebze
dayrdnobiT (ras aRniSnavs, ra kiTxva daesmis)
_ varjiSobs orTografiasa da punqtuaciaSi
I. teqstis kiTxva da analizi
1. kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba _ SeiZleba warimarTos sxvadasxvanairad: a) maswavlebelma klass gaaxsenos wina klasebSi Seswavlili otia ioselianis nawarmoebebi da imsjelon maT Sesaxeb; b) klass jgufuri muSaobisaTvis SesTavazos Tema
`Cemi skola~. muSaobisaTvis eZlevaT daaxloebiT 5 wuTi. TiToeuli jgufi warmoadgens sakuTar variants, romelic gaanalizdeba da Sefasdeba klasSi.
2. teqstis kiTxva _ maswavlebeli sanam teqstis kiTxvas daiwyebs, klass
ganumartavs, rom mocemuli nawyveti amoRebulia otia ioselianis wignidan `muxlze dawerili moTxrobebi~. Tu wakiTxuli nawyveti daainteresebT, SeuZliaT,
biblioTekaSi am wignis moZieba da wakiTxva.
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damatebiTi informacia maswavleblisaTvis: otia ioseliani (1930, wyaltubo, sof gviStibi), daamTavra ssrk mweralTa kavSirTan arsebuli umaRlesi literaturuli kursebi 1961
wels, moTxrobebs aqveynebs 1954 wlidan, pirveli krebuli `karis mezoblebi~ gamosca 1957 wels.
nayofierad muSaobs rogorc novelistikaSi, ise romanul JanrSi, wers piesebsa da kinoscenarebsac. avtoria aTamde piesisa, romlebic wlebis manZilze warmatebiT idgmeboda rogorc qarTul,
ise ucxour scenebze (`sanam uremi gadabrundeba~, àdamiani ibadeba erTxel~, `roca siyvaruli
mova~, èqvsi Sinabera da erTi mamakaci~...). yuradRebas amaxvilebs zneobriv-eTikur problematikaze. intensiurad muSaobs sabavSvi mwerlobis dargSi (`daCis zRaprebi~, `cagamTenia~, `muxlze
dawerili moTxrobebi~, `xelisgulistola zRaprebi~...). misi nawarmoebebi Targmnilia mraval
enaze.
maswavlebeli teqsts kiTxulobs Tavidan bolomde gamometyvelebiT. yuradReba unda miaqcios im faqts, rom teqstSi Txrobis dialogur formas
enacvleba monologuri, amitom maTi kiTxvisas unda SeirCes gansxvavebuli intonacia, tempi da logikur-fsiqologiuri maxvilebi.
informacia maswavleblisaTvis: dialogi _ metyvelebis forma, romliTac gadmocemulia ori adamianis monacvleobiTi saubari. aseTia teqstSi skolis darajisa da avtori saubari.
monologi aris mxatvruli saxis Seqmnis erT-erTi xerxi. is aris iseTi metyveleba, romelic
sxvisadmi an sakuTari Tavisadmi aris mimarTuli, magram ar moiTxovs sxva pirisagan sapasuxo
reaqcias. gmiris monologSi gadmoicema ara marto misi piradi gancdebi, fiqrebi, aramed masSi
xSirad mocemulia nawarmoebis mTavari, sakvanZo ideebi. enobrivi TvalsazrisiT monologs axasiaTebs Semdegi niSnebi: mimarTvebis, nacvalsaxelebis, II piris formebis siWarbe, ritorikuli
SekiTxvebi... mocemul teqstSi monologuri Txrobis nimuSebia: àha, zarmaci da uqnara bejiTis
xarjze gadis... undaT Tu ar undaT, ibejiTon~; àra, Wkuas ki aravis vaswavli... ra sakvirvelebiTaa savse samyaro~.
moswavleebi xmamaRla kiTxuloben teqsts da gzadagza xsnian gaugebar sityvebsa da gamoTqmebs, risTvisac iyeneben `sityvis salaros~. maswavlebeli klass
avalebs teqstis Cumad wakiTxvasac da masSi garkveuli adgilebis moniSvnas (mag.
moiniSneT teqstSi is adgili, sadac aRwerilia a) cru da matyuara bavSvebis skola, b) zarmacTa da uqnaraTa skola, g) moCxubarTa da ayalmayalis amtexTa skola,
d) avyiaTa skola...).
3. teqstis analizi _ yuradReba maxvildeba Semdeg momentebze: a) ramdenad
Seefereba nawarmoebSi aRwerili ambavi sinamdviles (ar Seefereba, ambavi xdeba
ararsebul qveyanaSi, romelsac saxelic ki ar aqvs), b) rogoria mwerlis damokidebuleba nawarmoebSi aRwerili ambisadmi (Tavdapirvelad uaryofiTi _ `gavcecxldi, magram ra gavcecxldi!~ SemdegSi igi icvlis azrs _ ìZulebuli iqnebian
gaanZrion xeli da ibejiTon~, ònavrebsa da CxubisTavebs sawyal bavSvebTan aqvT didi guli~...), g) rogoria mwerlis damokidebuleba bavSvebisadmi (mas
Zalian uyvars bavSvebi _ àm ukidegano qveyanaze yvelaze ufro bavSvebi mizidaven~...), d) rogor aris aRwerili teqstSi sxvadsxva tipis skolebi (kiTxuloben saTanado adgilebs teqstidan), e) ramdenad marTebulia, moswavleTa azriT,
am tipis skolebis arseboba (aq SeiZleba mcire diskusiac ki gaimarTos, moswavleebs eZlevaT azris gamoTqmisa da dasabuTebis saSualeba, moqmedebs principi:
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yvela azri misaRebia), v) axasiaTeben sakuTar skolas da saTanado abrasac ùrCeven~ mas (es samuSao SeiZleba SevTavazoT jgufuradac)... wakiTxulis gaazrebisaTvis sruldeba testuri davaleba (swori pasuxia a (zRapari) _ ambavi mwerlis
mier gamogonil qveyanaSi xdeba), z) vin da vin arian nawarmoebis moqmedi pirebi
(Tavad avtori, skolis daraji, bavSvebi)... martivad axasiaTeben maT.
4. teqstis Sinaarsis gadmocema _ moswavleebi adgenen gegmas (savaraudo
sakiTxebi: 1) mwerlis mogzauroba, 2) cru da matyuara bavSvTa skola, 3) zarmacTa da uqnaraTa skola, 4) moCxubarTa da ayalamayalis amtexTa skola, 5) avyiaTa
skola, 6) werili bavSvebTan); gadmoscemen teqstis Sinaarss nawil-nawil am gegmis mixedviT. Sinaarsis gadmocemisas yuradReba maxvildeba III pirSi Txrobasa da
dialoguri formebis perifrazze.
5. wera _ am mizniT àqtivobebis rveulSi~ warmodgenili 2 savarjiSo: 1)
Sinaarsis gadmocema erT-erTi sakiTxis mixedviT (davaleba #2) da 2) Txzuleba
(davaleba #3). maswavlebels Tavisi SexedulebiT SeuZlia maTi ganawileba saklaso da saSinao samuSaoebisaTvis.
1. III pirSi Txroba _ gairkveva, vin yveba nawarmoebSi gadmocemul ambavs
(Tavad avtori, romelic amave dros nawarmoebis erT-erTi moqmedi piricaa),
ratom mimarTavs am xerxs avtori (rom ufro daainteresos mkiTxveli, ufro
zustad gviTxras Tavisi saTqmeli); gadmoscen teqstis Sinaarsi ise, TiTqos mas
gareSe piri gviyveba.
2. dialogsa da monologze dakvirveba (terminebis gareSe) _ moZebnon
teqstSi is adgilebi, sadac: a) ori adamiani saubaria aRwerili, b) sadac mwerali
mimarTavs, esaubreba sakuTar Tavs.
3. sasven niSnebze dakvirveba _ eZeben teqstSi adgils, sadac `mravalwertilia~ gamoyenebuli, ixseneben wina klasSi naswavl `mravalwertilis~ funqcias (azri ar aris damTavrebuli); Tavad amTavreben azrs (`mSoblebs axlos
ar akarebT~... _ gareT ar uSvebT, axloblebTan urTierTobas ukrZalavT, bavSvebs cudad eqceviT... àq swavloben, TamaSoben, erTobian, mRerian~... _ aq yofna
Zalian moswonT, Tavs kargad grZnoben... `Tan cruoben, TaRliToben~..._ yvelas
atyueben, cudad iqcevian...).
4. sityvis damarcvla da gadatana _ davaleba #4 (ar gadaitaneba: aq, dRe,
da, ama, Tu, im, xalxs).
5. metyvelebis nawilebi _ davaleba #5.
Sedegebis kodi : IV.2, IV.3, IV.5, IV.6, IV.8, IV.9, IV.10, IV.12.
13
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akaki wereTlis `gimnaziaSi~ (nawyveti `Cemi Tavgadasavlidan~)
sxvaTa sityvis nawilakis (-meTqi)gamoyenebaze dakvirveba
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_ teqstis monakveTebad dayofa da dasaTaureba
_ gabmul Txrobaze muSaoba
_ werilobiT Txzulebaze muSaoba, naweris koreqtireba
_ moTxrobis gagrZelebaze muSaoba
_ sxvaTa sityvis nawilakis (-meTqi) gamoyenebaze dakvirveba
_ qarTuli anbanis ganviTarebis safexurebze dakvirveba
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_ moswavle kiTxulobs da aanalizebs literaturul teqsts
_ adgens gegmas
_ werilobiT gadmoscems teqstis erT-erTi monakveTis Sinaarss
_ adgens martiv werilobiT Txzulebas
_ afasebs moqmedi pirebis saqciels
_ muSaobs sqemaze `vici, viswavle, minda vicode~
_ varjiSobs sxvaTa sityvis nawilakis `-meTqi~ sworad gamoyenebaze
_ akvirdeba da erTmaneTs udarebs qarTuli anbanis ganviTarebis
safexurebs (mrglovani, nusxuri, mxedruli)
I gakveTili
aqtivoba 1 _ kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba (7 wuTi):
gakveTili iwyeba provocirebiT, maswavlebeli cdilobs mobilizeba gaukeTos moswavleTa codnas akaki wereTlis SemoqmedebasTan dakavSirebiT. klass
yofs sam jgufad, TiToeul jgufs Camourigebs baraTebs da avalebs baraTSi
mocemuli akaki wereTlis leqsis areuli striqonebi daalagon ise, rom leqsis
strofi miiRon: (jgufebSi muSaoba).
I baraTi:
1. naTeli _ Wkua-goneba,
2. sanTeli Cemi xorcia,
3. imaTgan gamonaSuqi.
4. sicocxle _ mokle patruqi,
(2, 4, 1, 3)
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II baraTi:
1. Cemi xatia samSoblo,
2. ar SemiZlia mec gana?
3. saxate mTeli qveyana,
4. da rom viwvode, vdnebode,
(1,3,4,2).
III baraTi:
1. Sens miwas mimabareo,
2. Cemo samSoblo mxareo.
3. ca-firuz, xmeleT-zurmuxto,
4. deda-Svilobas bevrs ar gTxov,
(4.1.3,2).
moxdeba Sesrulebuli samuSaos prezentacia. TiToeuli jgufis erT-erTi
wevri gamometyvelebiT waikiTxavs miRebul strofs.
gaixseneben akakis nawarmoebebs: `ymawvili da pepela~, `WriWina da WianWvela~ (Targmani), `moswavle da maswavlebeli~. SeCerdebian am ukanasknelze. imsjeleben romeli iyo marTali: moswavle Tu maswavlebeli, rogor imarTla Tavi maswavlebelma mefis winaSe. am nawarmoebis mixedviT Seavseben winadadebas: `swavla
da mecniereba... (stumaria), Wkua ki... (maspinZeli), da Tu TavSi... (Wkua) mwyralad
aris, aRarc isini moicdiano~.
damatebiTi informacia maswavleblisaTvis.
mokle cnobebi akaki wereTlis biografiidan: qarTveli poeti, sazogado moRvawe akaki
wereTeli daibada 1840 wlis 21 ivniss saCxeris raionis sofel sxvitorSi SeZlebuli Tavadis
ojaxSi, deda _ ekaterine abaSiZe _ imereTis mefis solomon I-is SviliSvilis Svili iyo. patara
akaki aRsazrdelad ZiZas miabares sofel savaneSi. aq akaki ZiZiSvilebTan da mezobeli glexis
bavSvebTan izrdeboda. igi mTel dReebs atarebda yanebSi, tyeebSi, saqonlis movlasa da sxva
saqmianobaSi . 1852 wlidan quTaisis gimnaziaSi swavlobda, 1859-1863 wlebSi ki peterburgis universitetSi aRmosavluri enebis fakultetze. studentobis wlebSive gaumZafrda mas mSobliuri
qveynis cxovrebis gardaqmnis, Tavisi xalxis erovnuli da socialuri TavisuflebisaTvis brZolis wyurvili.
1863 wels colad SeirTo natalia bazilevskaia da erTxans moskovSi cxovrobda, Semdeg ki
samSobloSi dabrunda. leqsebis wera jer kidev yrmobis asakSi daiwyo. miuxedavad mudmivi materialuri gaWirvebisa, arasodes Sesula saxelmwifo samsaxurSi, man airCia mSromeli qveynis
da eris keTildReobisaTvis, misi bednieri momavlis mopovebisaTvis uangaro moRvaweobis narekliani gza. i. WavWavaZesTan erTad saTaveSi Caudga erovnul ganmaTavisuflebel da revoluciur-demokratiul moZraobas saqarTveloSi. akakis udidesi damsaxureba miuZRvis `qarTvelTa
Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis~ daarsebasa da mis mravalferovan saqmianobaSi, mudmivi Teatraluri dasis da dramatuli sazogadoebis Seqmnasa da muSaobaSi, qarTuli Jurnalistikis ganviTarebaSi... misi mravali leqsi: ìmeruli nanina~, `Cemo Tavo bedi ar giweria~,
`muxambazi~, àRmarT-aRmarT~, `gazafxuli~, `WaRara~, `ganTiadi~, `suliko~ qarTveli xalxis
cxovrebis mudmivi Tanamgzavri gaxda.
erovnuli TviTSegnebis aRorZinebaSi didmniSvnelovani roli Seasrula akakis poemebma:
`Tornike erisTavi~, `Tamar cbieri~, `kikolas naambobi~, `gamzrdeli~, SesaniSnavma romanma `baSiaCuki~, avtobiografiulma nawarmoebma `Cemi Tavgadasavali~.
poetis sayovelTao aRiarebis dadasturebacaa misi moRvaweobis 50 wlis aRsaniSnavi iu-
15
bile (1908), poetis mogzauroba raWa-leCxumSi (1912 w.), romlebic grandiozul erovnul dResaswaulad gadaiqca.
akaki wereTeli gardaicvala 1915 wlis 25 ianvars, dakrZalulia mTawmindaze, qarTvel moRvaweTa panTeonSi.
aqtiovoba 2 _ teqstis kiTxva (15 wuTi):
maswavlebeli kiTxulobs teqstis pirvel abzacs, kiTxvas ganagrZobs kiTxvaSi gawafuli sami mowafe (TiTo moswavle TiTo abzacs kiTxulobs). ganmeorebiTi
nawil-nawil kiTxvis dros moswavleTa ZalebiT daiZebneba da maTive monawileobiT aixsneba ucnobi sityvebi da gamoTqmebi. gamoiyeneben saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemul `sityvis salaros~, aixsneba agreTve gamoTqmebi: Tavze xeli gadamisva _
momefera; meti ra gza mqonda _ saSualeba ar mqonda; Cems dReSi ar menaxa _
arasodes menaxa.
tardeba gamokrebiTi kiTxva. maswavleblis mier dasmuli pirveli donis
kiTxvebis pasuxebs moswavleebi saxelmZRvaneloSi amoikiTxaven:
_ rogor eqceodnen gimnaziaSi axalmosul moswavleebs? (àxalmoswavle patarebi ki... vidre am yofaSi iyvnen, sanam kiTxvas iswavlidnan~).
_ rogoraa aRwerili patarebis tanjva? (`warmoidgineT 7-8 wlis bavSvi...
vidre yuradRebas aravin aqcevda~).
_ amoikiTxeT akakis gimnaziaSi misvlis pirveli dRe (`SesvlisTanave pirvel
kedelTan damayenes... ufrosebTan damsva skamze~).
_ rogor sjidnen gimnazielebs qarTulad xmis amoRebisTanave? (ìm dros
SemoRebuli iyo Tunuqis firfita... mTeli dRiT usadilod~).
_ dasjis es saxeoba ra gavlenas axdenda moswavleebze? (àm Cveulebas didi
gamryvneli xasiaTi hqonda... cbieroba-farisevlobas eCveodnen~).
_ amoikiTxeT akakisa da patara ymawvilis qarTulad gasaubreba (bolo
abzaci).
aqtivoba 3 _ gegmis Sedgena (6 wuTi):
moswavleebi teqsts yofen calkeul nawilebad da asaTaureben: (aqtivobebis rveuli, davaleba #1)
wera-kiTxvis swavlebis meTodi Zvelad;
axalmosuli patarebis tanjva;
akakis pirveli dRe skolaSi;
sasjeli qarTulad xmis amoRebisaTvis;
patara biWisa da akakis Sexvedra.
(gegmis SedgenaSi monawileobs mTeli klasi, dasaxeldeba TiToeuli monakveTis ramdenime saTauri da SearCeven ukeTess).
aqtivoba 4 _ orToepiasa da orTografiaze muSaoba (2 wuTi): daimaxsovre,
rogor warmoiTqmis da iwereba: SeeSleboda, saaTidan, naSuadRevi, igrZnobT,
cdiliyo: SerCeboda, tkbili, rasakvirvelia, Cemma mowinaaRmdegem...
aqtivoba 5 _ enobriv masalaze dakvirveba (4 wuTi):
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moswavleebi akvirdebian, vin mogviTxrobs teqstSi aRweril ambavs (mwerali
_ akaki wereTeli)
_ vis uyveba mwerali am ambavs (msmenels). ukvirdebian agreTve saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemul davalebas:
`ra genaRvleba, marto varT, vin gaigebs-meTqi, _ vexvewebodi me~.
`me maswavlebels vTxovdi, ar damsajo-meTqi~.
ras amCnevT?
amCneven, rom Tu vinme Tavis naTqvams sityva-sityviT imeoreba, winadadebis
bolos daesmis -meTqi.
aqtiovoba 6 _ Sejameba (3 wT):
moswavleebi ajameben, ra gaiges axali am gakveTilze (gaiges rogor aswavlidnen wera-kiTxvas Zvel skolaSi, dasjis ra mTodebs iyenebdnen, rogor krZalavdnen qarTul enaze laparaks, rogori meTodiT cdilobdnen Zvel gimnaziaSi
eswavlebinaT bavSvebisaTvis rusuli ena...)
aqtivoba 7 _ Sefaseba (3 wuTi):
moswavleTa Sefaseba xdeba zepirad, sityvieri komentariT, am dros yuradReba eqceva rogorc saSinao davalebis Sesrulebis xarisxs, aseve klasSi CarTulobasa da aqtiurobas.
aqtivoba 8 _ saSinao davaleba (2 wuTi):
`gimnaziaSi~ (teqstSi moiniSnon is adgili, romelmac yvelaze metad
daafiqraT; weriTi davaleba #2 (aqtivobebis rveuli).
II gakveTili
aqtivoba 1 _ saSinao davalebis Semowmeba (2 wuTi):
gakveTils viwyebT wina gakveTilze micemuli davalebis (teqstSi moiniSnon
is adgili, romelmac yvelaze metad daafiqraT) irgvliv msjelobiT. maswavlebeli im moswavleebs waakiTxebs, romelTac gansxvavebuli adgilebi aqvT moniSnuli. gadmoscemen, Tu ratom daafiqraT im adgilma, rogori guneba-ganwyoba SeeqmnaT misi wakiTxvis dros, moswavleebi Seavseben erTmaneTis pasuxebs.
aqtivoba 2 _ teqstis Sinaarsis gadmocema (10 wuTi):
moswavleebi teqstis Sinaarss gadmoscemen jer maswavleblis damxmare kiTxvebis saSualebiT:
_ rodis moxda nawarmoebSi aRwerili ambavi? (Zvel droSi). _ratom fiqroben ase? (teqstSi aRwerilia, rogor krZalavdnen qarTulad saubars, moswavleebs
aiZulebdnen, elaparakaT rusulad; naxsenebia sityvebi: nusxuri, mxedruli...)
_ rogor aris aRwerili teqstSi wera-kiTxvis swavlebis procesi gimnaziaSi? (kedelze Camokidebul qaRaldze ewera anbani da akiTxebdnen moswavleebs.
patarebi erTi adgilidan meoreze gadadiodnen da roca Semouvlidnen kedlebs,
mere hqondaT neba, skamebze damsxdariyvnen).
17
_ patara akakisaTvis ra iyo ubedureba? (rusulis ucodinroba).
_ dasjis ra meTodebia aRwerili am nawarmoebSi?
(wkepliT cema, saxazavis xelze dartyma, fexze didxans dgoma, mSier-mwyurvali yofna dilis 7-dan naSuadRevis 2 saaTamde, zogjer mTeli dRe usadilod
datoveba. imsjeleben, maTgan TviTon romels miiCneven yvelaze miuReblad).
_ rogor cdilobdnen Zvel gimnaziaSi, eswavlebinaT bavSvebisaTvis rusuli ena?
_ ras miiCnevs mwerali `gamryvnel~ Cveulebad? (tyuils, dabezRebas).
moswavleebi adre Sedgenili gegmis mixedviT teqstis Sinaarss gadmoscemen
gabmuli TxrobiT.
aqtivoba 3 _ teqstis gaazreba (4 wuTi):
_ akakis Tanaklaselis ra Tviseba Cans am nawarmoebSi? (farisevloba, TvalTmaqcoba, mliqvneloba, cbiereba, eSmakoba, Seubralebloba....)
-Tqveni azriT, ratom iqceoda igi ase? (firfita rogorme Tavidan moeSorebina, raTa saRamomde usadilod ar darCeniliyo)
_ Tu avlens mwerali am nawarmoebSi Tavis damokidebulebas momxdari ambisadmi? sad Cans es? (mwerals ar moswons momxdari ambavi, rac Cans Semdegi
striqonebidan: àm Cveulebas didi gamryvneli xasiaTi hqonda. ymawvilebi cdilobdnen, rom erTmaneTi moetyuebinaT, gaebriyvebinaT rogorme da cbierebafarisvlobas eCveodnen). sruldeba davaleba #4 (skola Zvelad da axla).
aqtivoba 4 _ moTxrobis gagrZelebaze muSaoba (3 wuTi):
maswavlebeli svams kiTxvas: maswavlebelTan dabezRebis Semdeg rogor
moiqceoda maswavlebeli? akaki? (zogis azriT maswavlebeli scemda akakis, da
kuTxeSi daayenebda Tunuqis firfitiT xelSi. akaki ecdeboda, rogorme sxva
bavSvi moetyuebina, raTa firfita sxvisTvis gadaeca, TviTon usadilod rom ar
darCeniliyo... zogis azriT ki, akaki ar daemorCileboda maswavlebels, sul datovebda gimnazias...).
gaixseneben kinofilms àkakis akvani~.
aqtivoba 5 _ frazeologizmebze muSaoba (4 wuTi):
`Tavze xeli gadausva~ niSnavs moferebas.
ras niSnavs:
xels ar gaanZrevs? _ (arafers gaakeTebs)
xels aiRebs? (vinmeze, rameze) _ (miatovebs)
xels gamoiRebs? _ (iSromebs, gairjeba)
xels gaumarTavs? _ (daxmarebas gauwevs)
xelSi Caigdebs? _ (daepatroneba)
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xelidan wava? _ (gacuRlutdeba, gafuWdeba)
xels waukravs? _ (cota xans moexmareba)
_ sxva ena ar vicodi _ aq ena niSnavs azris gamoxatvisa da gagebinebis saSualebas.
ras niSnavs:
enaze moadgeba _ (Tqmas daapirebs)
ena uswrebs _ (zedmets laparakobs)
ena uWris _ (kargi laparaki icis)
enas miutans _ (sxvis naTqvams gaumJRavnebs)
enas ver ibrunebs _ (xmas ar iRebs, laparaks ver axerxebs)
ena eqaveba _ (laparakis gunebazea)
enad gaikrifeba _ (bevrs ilaparakebs)
enaze adgas _ (icis da ver mougonebia)
aqtivoba 6 _ enobriv masalaze muSaoba (10 wuTi):
_ sxvaTa sityvis nawilakis praqtikulad gamoyeneba (asruleben me-5 davalebas., àqtivobebis rveuli~)
informacia maswavleblisTvis: Tavisi (I piris) naTqvamis gameorebisas winadadebas boloSi daerTvis -meTqi, romelic warmomdgaria me vTqvi-sgan. es nawilaki ixmareba marto zmnis
I piris mx. ricxvis formasTan.
_ akvirdebian saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemul damwerlobis samive saxes (mrgvlovan-asomTavruli, nusxuri, mxedruli). sasurvelia, maswavlebelma gaacnos
ricxvebis asoiTi mniSvneloba.
informacia maswavleblisTvis: qarTulma damwerlobam Tavisi ganviTarebis periodSi
sami safexuri gaiara: mrgvlovani (asomTavruli), nusxuri, mxedruli.
mrgvlovani_ qarTuli anbanis uZvelesi saxe, saxelwodeba darqmeuli aqvs asoTa mrgvali
moxazulobis gamo; gavrcelebuli iyo V-IX saukuneebSi, IX sasukunidan gamoiyeneboda asomTavrulis funqciiT.
nusxuri _ qarTuli damwerloba (IX-XI s.), romelic Semdgomi ganviTareba iyo asomTavrulisa (mrgvlovanisa), meorenairad nusxaxucursac eZaxian.
xucuri _ saerTo saxelwodebaa Zveli qarTuli damwerlobisa _ asomTavrulisa da nusxuris (mxedrulis sapirispirod).
mxedruli _ saxelwodeba Tanamedrove qarTuli damwerlobisa, romelic ganviTarda
nusxuridan me-11-12 saukuneebSi.
asoebis saSualebiT xdeboda Zvelad ricxvebis gamoxatva. Zvel qarTulSi iyo 37 aso. anbanis pirveli 9 aso gamoxatavda erTeulebs (mag. a-1, b-2, g-3, d-4...), meore cxra _ aTeulebs (i-10,
k-20...), mesame cxra _ aseulebs (r-100, s-200...), meoTxe aTeuli _ aTaseulebs (C-1000, c-2-2000...);
mag.:
19
20
aqtivoba 7 _ avseben sqemas (5 wT): ra vicodi qarTuli anbanis Sesaxeb, ra
gavige da ris gageba mainteresebs (aqtivobebis rveuli. davaleba #6).
vicodi
1. anbani aris garkveuli
rigiT dalagebuli asoebi
2. qarTuli anbani Tavisi
siZveliT gamoirCeva
3. msoflioSi sami
aTasamde enaa, anbani ki
_ ramdenime. maT Soris
erT-erTi qarTulia.
4. . . .
5. . . .
viswavle
1. Tanamedrove damwerlobas mxedruli hqvia.
2. Zveli periodis damwerlobas mrgvlovani
(asomTavruli) erqva
3. saSualo periodis damwerlobas nusxuri (IX-X
s.) erqva
4. TiToeul ricxvs Tavisi asoiTi mniSvneloba
hqonda.
minda vicode
1. ramdeni aso-bgera iyo
nusxurSi
2. asomTavruliT wera
3. ricxvebis asoebiT
gamoxatva
4. . . .
5. . . .
aqtivoba 8 _ Sefaseba (3 wuTi): gakveTilis bolos maswavlebeli klasTan
erTad sityvierad afasebs ramdenime moswavles. Sefasebisas iTvaliswinebs
parametrebs _ saSinao davalebis Sesruleba, praqtikuli muSaoba, msjeloba
klasSi, prezentacia.
aqtivoba 9 _saSinao davaleba (2 wuTi): `gimnaziaSi~ (TxrobiT). weriTi
davaleba #3 _ Cemi klasi.
Sedegebis kodi: III.1, III.2, III.4, III.7, III.9.
21
hblwfUjmfcjt!nbtbmb
ilia WavWavaZis `mziani dRe~ (nawyveti `glaxis naambobidan~)
arsebiTi saxelis cvla daboloebis mixedviT (3 sT)
nj{ofcj
_ sakuTari azris dasabuTeba
_ literaturuli masalis analizis, sinTezis unar-Cvevebis formireba,
kritikuli azrovnebis ganviTareba
_ saTqmelis naTlad da gasagebad gadmocema, kiTxvebze adekvaturi
pasuxebis gacema
_ arsebiTi saxelis brunebaze dakvirveba (praqtikulad, terminis gareSe)
brujwpcfcj
_ moswavle aanalizebs da afasebs wakiTxuls
_ gadmoscems mis Sinaarss
_ ayalibebs sakuTar pozicias da asabuTebs mas
_ avlens gansxvavebuli azrisadmi pativiscemis unars
_ eufleba da metyvelebaSi iyenebs axal leqsikur erTeulebs
_ akvirdeba arsebiTi saxelis cvlas daboloebis mixedviT
I gakveTili
co
dn
a
swavla
aqtivoba 1 _ kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba (7 wuTi): _ ivseba asociaciuri ruka:
wigni
22
am Temaze Seswavlili nawarmoebebis gaxsenebis mizniT Catardeba aseTi
samuSao: maswavlebeli yofs klass sam jgufad. TiToeul jgufs urigebs winaswar momzadebul baraTebs, romelzedac amonaridebia Seswavlili nawarmoebidan
garkveuli davalebiT:
baraTi 1
`codnaze ukeTesi cisqveSeTSi araferia. mas verc wagarTmeven da verc mogparaven~. romeli nawarmoebidanaa? rogor aris daxasiaTebuli codna?
baraTi 2
`roca mecnieri samSvidobis gavida, Tqva: Tavis droze Turme yvela xeloba
kargi yofila~. romeli nawarmoebidanaa? ras ityvi am nawarmoebis mixedviT codna-swavlaze?
baraTi 3
`Tu ram sasikeTo momxdara, momxdara mxolod swavliT, SromiT da siyvaruliTo~. romeli nawarmoebidanaa? aq rogor aris daxasiaTebuli codna?
(pirveli amonaridi aris bulgaruli zRapridan `yvelaze Zvirfasi nayofi, meore _ qarTuli xalxuri zRapridan `mecnieri da menave~, mesame ki _ g.
xorguaSvilis `natvrisTvalidan~).
TiToeuli jgufi msjelobs mocemuli sakiTxis irgvliv. maswavlebeli
ajamebs TiToeulis pasuxs ilia WavWavaZis sityvebiT: `codna yvelaferia,
fulzedac didi bazari aqvs, xmalzedac ufro metad Wris da zarbazanzedac
ufro Zlieria~.
damatebiTi informacia maswavleblisaTvis: ilia WavWavaZe (1837-1907) daibada yvarelSi, grigol WavWavaZis ojaxSi, sadac jer kidev cocxali iyo Zveli saqarTvelos istoriuli
tradiciebi. 1848 w. miabares TbilisSi, raevskis pansionSi, sadac 1851 wlamde swavlobda. Semdeg
Sevida gimnaziaSi. 1857 w. Cairicxa peterburgis universitetis iuridiul fakultetze, sadac
oTxi weli iswavla (1857-61).
am oTxma welma didi roli iTamaSa ilias, rogorc pirovnebisa da moqalaqis, moazrovnis da
mwerlis CamoyalibebaSi. misi progresuli social-politikuri, filosofiuri da esTetikuri
mrwamsis SemuSavebaSi; swavlobda saqarTvelos istorias da mwerlobas, evropisa da ruseTis
literaturas, filosofias. am periodSi Seqmna erovnuli da farTo sazogadoebrivi rezonansis
mqone nawarmoebebi, romlebic aRmavali etapi gaxda XIX saukunis qarTuli literaturisa da azrovnebis istoriaSi: poema ~aCrdili~ (1859 w.), poema ~qarTvlis deda~ (1860), poema ~kako yaCaRi~
(1860), romlebic mZafri erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli ideebiTa da socialuri problemebiTaa
gamsWvaluli. imave periodSi Targmna Sileris, haines, riukertis, baironis, skotis, puSkinisa da
lermontovis nawarmoebebi. dawera progresuli socialuri da erovnuli idealebiTa da siaxleebiT aRbeWdili leqsebi: `guTnisdeda~, ~qarTvlis dedas~, ~Cemi Tariiarali~ (samive 1858 w.)
~nana~ (1859), ~qarTvel studentebis simRera~, ~muSa~, ~ianiCari~ (samive 1860 w.) da mravali sxva.
amave xanebSia dawerili ilias mxatvruli prozis SesaniSnavi nimuSebi: ~glaxis naambobi~ (I-VI
Tavebi), eskizi moTxrobisa ~kacia adamiani?!~, mravali werili, romlebSic naTladaa Camoyalibebuli mwerlobisa da xelovnebis daniSnuleba da arsi.
23
1863 w. ilia aarsebs Jurnal ~saqarTvelos moambes~, 1877 w. ~iverias~, romlebic saqarTvelos erovnuli, sulieri da inteleqtualuri cxovrebis erT-erTi ZiriTad centrad iqca.
ilia Tavis publicistur werilebSi, rogorc erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis meTauri, erovnuli burjis _ qarTuli enis _ dacvisaTvis brZolas mWidrod ukavSirebda mSobliur enaze swavlebas, saxalxo skolebis qselis zrdis moTxovnebs.
mTeli naxevarsaukunovani moRvaweobiT ilia diadi miznis ganxorcielebas _ qarTveli
xalxis erTianobas, erovnuli da socialuri TviTSegnebis gamococxlebas da amaRlebas, erovnuli da socialuri Tavisuflebis damkvidrebas emsaxureboda.
SeuZlebelia erisa da qveynis winaSe ilia WavWavaZis yvela damsaxurebis CamoTvla. XIX s-Si
rom saqarTvelos is ar movlenoda, ukuRma warimarTeboda Cveni qveynis isedac gaukuRmarTebuli bedi. Zneli iqneboda am erovnuli dvritis gaRviveba da aRmoceneba, romlis gareSec eri eri
ar aris da qveyana _ qveyana. albaT aman gaaRiziana da gadaria bneli Zalebi, Sinauri da gareuli,
da 1907 w. sicocxle mouswrafes eris mamas. Tavisi eris siyvarulisa da msaxurebisTvis arsad
mwerali ar mouklavT. es sircxvili saukuneebis manZilze gagvyveba!
aqtivoba 2 _ teqstis kiTxva da analizi (15 wuTi): maswavlebeli iwyebs
teqstis kiTxvas. waikiTxavs sam abzacs. ris Semdeg 3-4 moswavle ganagrZobs kiTxvas. aixseneba ucnobi sityvebi da gamoTqmebi (gamoiyeneben `sityvis salaros~):
bar-sakveTi _ sasoflo-sameurneo iaraRebi
gulis viTareba _ gulis tkivili
eCo _ xis saTleli iaraRi
balani _ bewvi, Tma
misnoba _ jadoqroba
saxtad darCa _ gaocda
WoWmani _ yoymani, meryeoba, orWofoba...
warimarTeba gamokrebiTi kiTxva. moswavleebs evalebaT maswavleblis mier
dasmuli kiTxvebis pasuxi teqstidan amoikiTxon:
_ ra pasuxi gasca petrem maswavleblis pirvel SekiTxvas? (`marTali gaxlavT... upasuxa Tamamad petrem~).
_ romeli sityvebidan Cans, rom glexakacs bevri Sroma uxdeba?
(`dRe da Rame ofli unda viwuroT da puri ise unda vWamoT~)
_ romeli sityvebidan Cans, rom glexkaci miwis kmayofilia?
(ìs dalocvili miwa Tavis dReSi ar daiRleba, ise ar gaZunwdeba, rom mibarebuli erTi-orad ar dagvibrunos, tyuilad ki ar eZaxian miwas `dedao~).
_ ra SekiTxvebi dausva daRonebulma maswavlebelma petres?
(`rom ar gcodnoda, rom cecxlSi rkina rbildeba... ra geSveleboda?~)
_ saidan icoda petrem guTnis gamoyvana, xvna? amoikiTxeT petres pasuxi
(`mama-papiT, Seni Wirime! madloba RmerTsa, Tvali mqonia, minaxavs, yuri mqonia
_ msmenia, gulisyuri mqonia _ mivxvedrilvar, xsovna mqonia _ gonebaSi CamrCenia~).
_ rac unaxavs, smenia, mixvedria, gonebaSi CarCenia _ yvelafer amas ras
eZaxda _ petre? (gamocdilebas, Wirnaxulobas, codnas).
_ ra SekiTxva dausva bolos mweralma petres?
(`me rom giCveno imisTana ram... Soridan dagelaparako, ras ityvi?~)
_ ra Tqva saxtaddarCenilma petrem? (bolo abzaci).
24
gzadagza klasis saerTo ZalebiT, moswavleTa aqtiuri monawileobiT aixsneba Semdegi gaugebari sityvebi da gamoTqmebi: ofli unda viwuroT _ bevri
unda viSromoT. xelis miwvdoma _ SeZleba, unari, risime gakeTebisa, moxerxeba
risime an visime dauflebisa; Wirnaxuli _ aq: vinc Wiri, gaWirveba naxa, Wir-varami gamoiara. Seni kvnesame _ Sens magivrad me vitanjo, me viwvalo, me gamiWirdes, gulisyuri _ niWi, alRo, mixvedriloba, TvalTaxedva _ sivrce, romelsac
Tvali swvdeba _ mxedvelobis are.
aqtivoba 3 _ wakiTxulis gaazreba (3 wuTi):
gairkveva vin aris nawarmoebis avtori (il. WavWavaZe), romel dros Seexeba
nawarmoebSi aRwerili ambavi (Zvel dros), ra aris nawarmoebSi mTavari (aucilebelia, glexkacma icodes wigni).
aqtivoba 4 _ rTuli sityvebis orTografiaze muSaoba (3 wuTi):
glexkaci, gul-RviZli, bar-sakveTi, mama-papiT. gulisyuri, Wirnaxuloba,
dedamiwa, TvalebdaWyetili, Tavbru, Tvalaxiluli, Tavdapirveli, yvelaferi.
aqtivoba 5 _ dialogze dakvirveba (3-4 wuTi):
ramdeni adamianis saubaria teqstSi gadmocemuli?
(oris _ maswavleblisa da petresi)
aqtivoba 6 _ arsebiTi saxelis formacvlaze dakvirveba (4 wuTi):
`Svilis codvaSi vdgebodi... Cemma Svilma wigni unda icodes! Svilo, es dRe
daixsome! _ uTxra Svils petrem~.
_ ramdeni winadadebaa am nawyvetSi? (oTxi)
_ romeli arsebiTi saxeli meordeba yvela winadadebaSi?
(Svili)
_ rogori formiTaa TiToeul winadadebaSi?
(Svilis, Svilma, Svilo, Svils).
_ am arsebiTi saxelis romeli nawilia ucvleli? (Svil)
_ riT bolovdeba TiToeul winadadebaSi igi? (-is, -ma, -o, -s)
aqtivoba 7 _ teqstSi kiTxviTi winadadebebis amokiTxva (4 wuTi):
yuradReba gamaxvildeba kiTxviTsityvian kiTxviT winadadebebze (`rogor
Tu, ara iyo gvari misi?~ `wigni kargia, vin ar icis?~ ... ra geSveleboda?~ àmas sul
erTianad ras eZaxi?~ `ra vici, Se dalocvilo?~, `ramdeni Senze ufro mcodne kacia qveyanaze?~ `ras ityvi?~)
aqtivoba 8 _ Sejameba da Sefaseba (3 wuTi).
aqtivoba 9 _saSinao davaleba (2 wuTi): ilia WavWavaZis `mziani dRe~,
davaleba #3. (aqtivobebis rveuli: teqstidan amoiwere 5 arsebiTi saxeli da
gaarCie mocemuli sqemis mixedviT).
25
II gakveTili
aqtivoba 1 _ teqstis kiTxva (5 wuTi):
moswavleebi kiTxuloben teqsts. gamoiyeneba kiTxvis yvela saxe, gansakuTrebuli yuradReba maxvildeba gamometyvelebiT kiTxvaze (teqsti dialogis
formisaa. amasTan mravladaa kiTxviTi da Zaxilis winadadebebi...)
aqtivoba 2 _ teqstis analizi da Sinarsis gadmocema (18 wuTi):
maswavleblis damxmare kiTxvebis saSualebiT gadmoscemen teqstis Sinaarss:
_ petres azriT, ra aris glexkacis `wigni~? ras adarebs igi miwas? ratom?
(glexkacis `wigni~ aris dedamiwa. petre miwas adarebs dedas, radgan dedasaviT
arasodes daiRleba da arc gaZunwdeba).
-ra aris glexkacis `Tavdapirveli satkivari~?
(`... jer kuWi unda gavaZRoT, kuWi...~)
_ ras eZaxis petre Tavis `gamocdilebas, Wirnaxulobasa da codnas~?
(rac unaxavs, smenia, mixvedrila da gonebaSi CarCenia)
_ rogor cdilobs maswavlebeli petres darwmunebas swavlis saWiroebaSi?
rogor asabuTebs igi Tavis azrs? miaRwia Tu ara man Tavis mizans?
(maswavlebeli udasturebs petrs, rom qveyanaze petreze ufro mcodne uamravi kacia, maTi codna rom petres codnas daematos, naklebi SromiT met mosavals
miiRebs... es dRe CemTvis mziania, _ askvnis petre).
am kiTxvebze pasuxebiT moswavleebi jer nawil-nawil, Semdeg ki gabmuli
TxrobiT gadmoscemen teqstis Sinaarss.
moswavleebi msjeloben, aucilebeli iyo Tu ara petres vaJisaTvis skolaSi
siaruli, Cans Tu ara mwerlis damokidebuleba am ambisadmi, gamoTqvamen da adastureben TavianT azrs.
_ ra andazebs iyenebs petre saubrisas?
(àra Sejda mwyeri xesa, ara iyo gvari misi~. `mjobnis mjobni ar daileva~).
_ ratom iyenebs am andazebs?
(Tavisi simarTle, Sexeduleba kidev metad rom daumtkicos maswavlebels...)
_ ilias romeli fraza axlavs teqsts?
(ùwignod TvalTaxedvis isari moklea~)
aanalizeben am frazas da adastureben mis kavSirs teqstTan.
_ `weRan me gelaparakebodi brma~ _ eubneba petre maswavlebels ratom
iyenebs am sityvas aq mwerali? ra igulisxmeba `sibrmaveSi~? (sibrmaveSi igulisxmeba uwignuroba, ucodinaroba, gaunaTlebloba.
26
aqtivoba 5 _teqstSi Zaxilis winadadebebze dakvirveba (3 wuTi):
(àra Sejda mwyeri xesa, ara iyo gvari misio~, Seni Wirime!
_ Cems gamocdilebas, Wirnaxulobas, Cems codnas, Seni Wirime!
`kargi iqneba!~, ìmas vityvi, rasac mTeli qveyana ambobs, eg xom misnoba iqneba!~ àba, magisTana misania wigni!~ `Cemma Svilma wigni unda icodes!~ Svilo, es dRe
daixsome!~ ès dRe me da SenTvis mziania!~).
aqtivoba 6 _ frazeologiuri muSaoba (3 wuTi). SeaerTe Tavis mniSvnelobasTan:
wyenineba
SeSineba
gaTamameba
gabrazeba
gulis mocema
gulis mosvla
gulis gaxeTqva
gulis tkena
Tvalis axela
Tvalis axveva
TvalSi eklad esoba
Tvalis gadavleba
Tvalis daxamxamebaSi
swor gzaze dayeneba
erT wamSi, swrafad
awuxebs
gadaTvaliereba
motyueba
`wigni da glexkaci~, davaleba #1 aqtivobebis rveulidan ùpasuxe kiTxvebs~).
III gakveTili
aqtivoba 1 _ kiTxvebze pasuxi (5 wuTi):
(amiT mowmdeba wina dRiT mocemuli weriTi saSinao davalebis xarisxic).
_ petres ra Tvisebebi Cans am teqstSi? (Sromismoyvareoba, dakvirvebuloba, mixvedriloba, gamocdileba, Wirnaxuloba, mosmenisa, gagebisa da dajerebis
unari, siWkviane, Tavmdabloba)
_ maswavleblis ra Tvisebebi Cans?
(ganaTleba, gulisxmiereba, sikeTe, sxvisi daxmarebis survili, gansxvavebuli azrisadmi pativicema, gagebinebis unari, Tavmdabloba...)
_ rogor aris aRwerili wignis mniSvneloba?
(wignis saSualebiT mTeli qveynis ostatoba da gamocdileba sul xelT
geqneba).
_ ras uwodebs petre misnobas? (wigns)
27
_ rogoria petre nawarmoebis dasawyisSi? dasasruls? ram Secvala igi?
(dasawyisSi aris brma _ ar unda Svilma iswavlos. dasasruls ki Tvalxiluli. Tanaxmaa _ misma Svilma wigni icodes. petre Secvala maswavleblis Segonebam)
aqtivoba 2 _ teqstis Sinaarsis gadmocema (10 wuTi): moswavleebi teqstis
Sinaarss gadmoscemen jer nawil-nawil:
1) petres Sexeduleba ganaTlebis Sesaxeb
2) petresa da maswavleblis saubari wignis Sesaxeb
3) saxtaddarCenili petre _
_ Semdeg ki mTlianad.
aqtivoba 3 _ weriTi samuSaos Sesruleba (10 wuTi): `wignis mniSvneloba
glexkacisaTvis~ (davaleba #2, aqtivobebis rveuli)
TiTo jgufidan airCeva TiTo namuSevari da gaanalizdeba klasis winaSe. Sefaseba-SemowmebaSi aqtiurad monawileobs yvela moswavle.
aqtivoba 4 _ ilias cnobili strofebis gaxseneba (5 wuTi):
maswavlebeli ambobs ilias cnobili strofebis mxolod dasawyiss:
`sikeTiT sZlie Sens mtersa, eride sisxliT zRvevasa...~
`kacad maSin xar saqebi, Tu es wesi wesad darge...~
`wuTisofeli esea, Rame dRes uTenebia...~
moswavleebi ki amTavreben:
`sulgrZleobiTa Zleva sjobs vaJkacobiTa Zlevasa...~
`yovel dResa Sens Tavs hkiTxo, aba, me dRes vis ra varge.~
`rac mtrobas daungrevia, siyvaruls uSenebia.~
es muSaoba SeiZleba Catardes jgufuradac. maswavlebeli TiToeul jgufs
aZlevs baraTs, romelzec mxolod leqsis dasawyisi weria, moswavleebma unda
daamTavron igi da Tan gaarkvion, ris Tqma surs am leqsiT ilias.
aqtivoba 5 _ omonimebze muSaoba (3 wuTi):
`xerxi sjobia Ronesa, Tu kaci moigonebsa~
`mTa da bari gadaTeTrda~.
xazgasmul sityvebs meore mniSvnelobac aqvs, daasabuTeT.
(`glexma xerxi waiRo tyeSi SeSis gadasaxerxavad~.
èrTi xisagan baric gamova da niCabico~.
xerxi pirvel winadadebaSi moxerxebas niSnavs, meoreSi samuSao iaraRia.
bari pirvel SemTxvevaSi dablob adgils aRniSavs, meore SemTxvevaSi _ samkurnalo iaraRs.
aqtivoba 6 _ sinonimebze muSaoba (2 wuTi):
Secvale msgavsi mniSvnelobis sityvebiT:
Wkviani _ gonieri, azriani, brZeni
gulisyuri _ yuradReba, Sesmena
28
WoWmani _ yoymani, orWofoba, meryeoba, gaubedaoba
mcodne _ swavluli, ganaTlebuli
saxtad darCena _ gakvirveba, gaoceba, gaceceba, gaStereba.
mwvrTneli _ maswavlebeli, aRmzrdeli, moZRvari, damrigebeli
aqtivoba 7 _ nasaxelar zmnebze dakvirveba (terminis gareSe) (2 wuTi):
gamdidrdeba _ mdidari
gaRaribdeba _ . . .
gaborotdeba _ . . .
gaavdeba _ . . .
gasuleldeba _ . . .
aqtivoba 8 _ arsebiTi saxelebis formacvlaze dakvirveba (3 wuTi): savarjiSo #4 aqtivobebis rveulSi). daasruleben sityvebs (kaci, kacma, kacs, kacis, kaciT, kacad, kaco)
sityvis `kaci~ daboloeba Svidnairad Seicvala: -i, -ma, -s, is, -iT, -ad, -o.
ucvleli darCa sityvis nawili kac.
aqtivoba 9 _ gakveTilis Sejameba da Sefaseba (3 wuTi).
`wigni da glexkaci~ (TxrobiT). am teqstis mixedviT sami SekiTxvis mofiqreba.
Sedegebis kodi : IV.1, IV.3, IV.4, IV.5, IV.7, IV.12, IV.10, IV.12.
29
hblwfUjmfcjt!nbtbmb
`sami mecnieri da erTi glexi~, arsebiTi saxelis cvla daboloebis
mixedviT – bruneba (TanxmovanfuZiani, fuZeukumSveli saxelebis
magaliTze)
nj{ofcj
_ teqstis kiTxva da analizi
_ gabmuli Txroba
_ wakiTxulis Sefaseba, daskvnebis gakeTeba da sakuTari azris dasabuTeba
_ Tematuri teqstis ageba da wera
_ arsebiTi saxelis brunebaze dakvirveba, brunvaTa saxelwodebebis
gacnoba
brujwpcfcj
_ moswavle kiTxulobs da aanalizebs teqsts
_ akeTebs daskvnebs, asabuTebs Tavis azrs
_ yofs teqsts nawilebad, adgens gegmas
_gadmoscems wakiTxulis Sinaarss rogorc TxrobiT, ise _ werilobiT
_ adgens da wers martiv Tematur teqsts saTaurisa da sayrdeni sityvebis
gamoyenebiT
_ akvirdeba arsebiTi saxelis formacvlas daboloebis mixedviT, gaiazrebs
terminebs: `bruneba~, `brunvis niSnebi~, `brunvaTa saxelwodebani~
_ muSaobs jgufurad da individualurad
I. teqstze muSaoba
1. kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba _ SeiZleba warimarTos sxvadasxvanairad: a) maswavlebeli klass yofs jgufebad, TiToeul jgufs davalebad aZlevs gaiazros,
ras niSnavs ilia WavWavaZis fraza: àrc uwignoba varga da arc marto wignidan
gamoxedva~. mosafiqreblad eZlevaT ramdenime wuTi. TiToeuli jgufi warmoadgens sakuTar variants, romelic ganixileba da gaanalizdeba klasis aqtiuri
monawileobiT.
b) dafaze ixazeba gonebrivi ieriSis ruka, romelic unda Seivsos klasis
saerTo ZalebiT:
30
wigni
swavla
sxvisi gamocdileba
codna
sakuTari gamocdileba
rCeva-darigeba
2. teqstis kiTxva _ teqsts Tavidan bolomde kiTxulobs kiTxvaSi gawafuli romelime moswavle. gzadagza aixsneba gaugebari sityvebi: adgilmdebareoba
_ raime adgilis geografiuli mdebareoba; gaavdrdeba _ cudi amindi iqneba;
Semergeba _ aq: margebs...
gairkveva, ra mizniT dadiodnen mecnierebi soflebSi (amindisa da agilmdebareobis Sesaswavlad), ram gaaoca isini (glexkacis vaxSamma _ man Zilis win
lobio miirTva da sasmelic daayola), rogor ivaxSmes Tavad mecnierebma (ufro
msubuqad, magram gemrielad), rogor axsna glexma Tavisi moqmedeba (`me vici, ra
TanmimdevrobiTac unda mivirTva, Wamamde arayi davlie, Wamis damTavrebisas _
Rvino, SuaSi lobio movaqcie;~ sasmeli bevri ar daulevia, ase miRebuli sakvebi ki,
glexkacis azriT, saWmlis monelebas uwyobs xels); ratom urCia glexma stumrebs
Sin dawola (is winaswar grZnobda, rom amindi Seicvleboda), sad SeiZina glexma
codna, vin iyo misi maswavlebeli (glexs es codna misca gamocdilebam, cxovrebaze dakvirvebam, mas specialuri ganaTleba ar miuRia da arc wignebi waukiTxavs),
ra azria am nawarmoebSi gatarebuli (codna marto wignebidan ar SeiZineba, amisaTvis saWiroa cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebac, dakvirveba, sxvisi gamocdilebis
gaTvaliswineba...).
moswavleebi martivad axasiaTeben mecnierebs, glexs; asabuTeben sakuTar
azrs teqstidan (mecnierebi ganaTlebulebi arian, magram ar esmiT bunebis ena,
maT mxolod wignidan amokiTxuli codna aqvT; glexkacs ki ganaTleba ar miuRia
skolaSi, arc wignebi waukiTxavs, magram aqvs gamocdileba, akvirdeba sagnebsa da
movlenebs da ise gamoaqvs daskvnebi, esmis bunebis èna~ _ es xalxuri sibrZnea,
romelic Taobidan Taobas gadaecema)...
3. teqstis Sinaarsis gadmocema _ maswavlebeli klass avalebs waikiTxon
testi Cumad, dayon calkeul monakveTebad da Seadginon gegma (davaleba #1), am
gegmis mixedviT klasSi TxrobiT gadmoscemen wakiTxulis Sinaarss, Sin ki werilobiT asruleben #2 davalebas.
4. teqstis ageba _ davaleba #3.
31
II. gramatikul masalaze muSaoba
arsebiTi saxelis bruneba _ dafaze winaswar aris Camowerili winadadebebi:
1) velze mSvenieri yvavili gaifurCqna.
2) yvavilma iqauroba daamSvena.
3) yvavils maSinve pepela ewvia.
4) yvavilis surneliT gabruebuli didxans dastrialebda Tavs.
5) yvaviliT damSvenebuli mindori bavSvebsac izidavda.
6) pepelac ki yvavilad moeCvenaT patarebs.
7) yvavilo, Cvenc moxiblulebi varT Seni mSvenebiT.
moswavleebs evalebaT, TanmimdevrobiT amoweron am winadadebebidan is
sityva, romelic yvelgan meordeba (yvavili, yvavilma, yvavils, yvavilis, yvaviliT, yvavilad, yvavilo); akvirdebian, ramdennairad Seicvala daboloeba am
sityvam (7-nairad); Seicvala Tu ara am dros misi mniSvneloba (ara, Seicvala mxolod daboloeba). ecnobian brunebis raobas _ àrsebiTi saxelis cvalas daboloebis mixedviT bruneba ewodeba. TiToeul brunvas Tavisi saxelwodeba
aqvs: saxelobiTi, moTxrobiTi, micemiTi, naTesaobiTi, moqmedebiTi, viTarebiTi, wodebiTi~. am saxelwodebebs Tanmimdevrulad miuweren saTanado brunvis
formebs:
saxelobiTi
yvavili
moTxrobiTi
yvavilma
micemiTi
yvavils
naTesaobiTi
yvavilis
moqmedebiTi
yvaviliT
viTarebiTi
yvavilad
wodebiTi
yvavilo
(am etapze moswavleebs vakvirvebT mxolod brunebis raobaze da vacnobT
brunvaTa saxelwodebebs brunvis niSnebis gareSe).
am codnis gamoyenebiT sruldeba saxelmZRvanelos me-19 gverdze moTavsebuli savarjiSo, aseve àqtivobebis rveulSi~ davalebebi: #4 da #5.
Sedegebis kodi : IV.3, IV.4, IV.6, IV.9, IV.10, IV.12, IV.13.
32
hblwfUjmfcjt!nbtbmb
daviT guramiSvilis `swavla moswavleTa~ (nawyveti); aforizmi;
arsebiTi saxelis bruneba, brunvaTa saxelwodebani, brunvis niSnebi
(wina Temis gagrZeleba), arsebiTi saxelis fuZe
nj{ofcj
_ nawarmoebis enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiT mxareze dakvirveba
_ d. guramiSvilis Sesaxeb martivi saganmanaTleblo informaciis miwodeba
_ gamometyvelebiT kiTxvaze varjiSi
_ aforizmebze dakvirveba
_ arsebiTi saxelis brunebaze dakvirveba, brunvis niSnebisa da fuZis
gacnoba
brujwpcfcj
_ moswavle kiTxulobs da gaiazrebs teqsts
_ varjiSobs gamometyvelebiT kiTxvaze
_ akvirdeba mxatvrul saxeebs, aforistul gamoTqmebs
_ Seswavlili nawarmoebis mixedviT wers martiv Tematur teqstebs
_ varjiSobs TanxmovanfuZiani, fuZeukumSveli saxelebis brunebaze,
ecnoba brunvis niSnebisa da fuZis raobas
III. teqstze muSaoba
1. kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba _ maswavlebeli klass uCvenebs d. guramiSvilis
portrets da martivad, klasisaTvis gasagebi eniT saubrobs mis cxovrebasa da
Semoqmedebaze. SeiZleba klass gaaxsenos kinofilmi `daviT guramiSvili~.
damatebiTi informacia maswavleblisaTvis:
daviT guramiSvili (1705-1792) daibada saguramoSi. siWabuke Tavis mamulSi, saguramoSi gaatara. Semdeg misi cxovreba tragikulad warimarTa. guramiSvilebis ojaxi qsnis xeobaSi
sofel lamisyanaSi gaixizna. swored aqedan gaitaces daviT guramiSvili lekebma da daatyveves
sof. oroqoloSi. igi tyveobidan gaipara 1729 w. ruseTSi CaaRwia da qarTlidan ltolvili vaxtang VI-is amalas SeuerTda.
1738-60 wlebSi daviTi monawileobda osmaleTis, Sveciisa da prusiis winaaRmdeg ruseTis
laSqrobebSi, Tavi isaxela simamaciT. prusiis omSi tyved Cavarda da 1759 w. dekembramde magde-
33
burgis cixeSi ijda. tyveobidan poeti dauZlurebuli Camovida. 1760 w. Tavi daaneba samxedro
samsaxurs da meuRlesTan tatiana avaliSvilTan erTad sabolood damkvidrda ukrainaSi, Tavis
mamulSi, gardaicvala mirgorodSi, dasaflavebulia RvTismSoblis miZinebis taZris ezoSi.
1787 w. poetma sakuTari xeliT gadawera da erT wignSi `daviTianSi~ mouyara Tavi yvela
im Txzulebas, romlebsac mTeli sicocxle qmnida da potiomkinis karze myof mirian batoniSvils (erekles Zes) gamoatana saqarTveloSi. esaa samSoblos ubedurebiT gulSeZruli poetis
moTqma da godeba. poeti Rrmad Caswvda im mizezebs, romlebmac saqarTvelo ufskrulis piras
miiyvanes.
2. teqstis kiTxva da analizi _maswavlebeli teqsts kiTxulobs Tavidan bolomde gamometyvelebiT, Semdeg akiTxebs moswavleebs, klasis saerTo ZalebiT gzadagza aixsneba gaugebari sityvebi da gamoTqmebi (ix. `sityvis
salaro~). avalebs kidev erTxel waikiTxon leqsi Cumad da moZebnon, Tu darCa
maTTvis gaugebari romelime sityva an fraza. aseTebi ki leqsSi mravlad aris.
sityvebis didi nawili warmoadgens leqsikur an gramatikul arqaizmebs, maswavlebelma aucileblad unda gaamaxvilos am faqtze yuradReba. moswavleebs maTTvis gasagebi eniT auxsnis, rom amgvari formebis siWarbe leqsSi gamowveulia
misi siZveliT _ igi daiwera me-18 saukuneSi, maSin amgvari formebi sayovelTaod
miRebul normas warmoadgenda. `sityvis salaroSi~ miTiTebuli leqsikuri erTeulebis garda, moswavleTaTavis SeiZleba gaugebari aRmoCndes Semdegi sityvebi da gamoTqmebi: miiTvli_aq: miiCnev, `Svebad miiTvli vnebasa~ _ vnebas,
gaWirvebasac ki lxinad miiCnev; sikvdimde _ sikvdilamde; àr aris gasyofeli~
_ ar aris gasayofi, ar gaiyofa; razoms _ ramdenad, `razomsac daetarebis~ _
ramdenadac ki SesaZlebelia misi tareba; `xeli ar Saekarebis~ _xels ver Seaxeb;
malviT _ uCumrad; moixmarebis _ moixmareba, gamoiyeneba; `Wkva codniT moixmarebis~ _ Wkuis gamoyenebas codna unda...
leqsis analizisas yuradReba gamaxvildeba Semdeg momentebze: a) vis mimarTavs am leqsiT poeti (moswavleebs, `swavlis mZebnelebs~), sad, leqsis romel
striqonSi Cans es (ìsmine, swavlis mZebnelo~), ras urCevs igi axalgazrdebs (`jer
mware Wame, kvlav tkbili~), ras gulisxmobs poeti `simwareSi~ (swavlis process),
`sitkboSi~ (swavlis Sedegs, codnas), ra aris codnis upiratesoba (igi mudam Tan
axlavs mcodnels, misi arc moparva da arc ZaliT warTmeva ar SeiZleba), rasTan
aris Sedarebuli codna (uxilav, TvaliT SeumCnevel saunjesTan, simdidresTan),
ra sWirdeba Wkuis moxmarebas (codna), ra elis ucodinar adamians (maxeSi Tavis
gayofa), ras gulisxmobs poeti am sityvebSi (damarcxebas)... ramdenad misaRebia
maTTvis poetis rCeva (am Temaze klasSi SeiZleba diskusiac ki gaimarTos, oRond
moswavleebma aucileblad unda scadon sakuTari azris dasabuTeba cxovrebiseuli faqtebiT, literaturuli masaliT, nanaxiT, gagoniliT...); gaivleba
paraleli III klasSi Seswavlil ilia WavWavaZis cnobil gamonaTqvamTan: `codna
simdidrea, mere imisTana madliani simdidre, rom, rac unda bevrs daurigo, bevrs
gaunawilo, Sen ara dagakldeba-ra, Tu ar mogemateba~.
maswavlebeli klass erTxel kidev Tavidan bolomde akiTxebs leqss da yuradRebas amaxvilebs frazaze: `Tu kacsa codna ara aqvs, gastanjavs wuTisofeli~,
gairkveva misi mniSvneloba (ucodinari adamiani cxovrebaSi daitanjeba) da isic,
34
rom poetis saTqmeli yvelaze naTlad am striqonSi Cans. eZlevaT termini aforizmi _ àforizmi sxartulad gamoTqmuli azria, romelSic ganzogadebulia xalxuri sibrZne~.
damatebiTi informacia maswavleblisaTvis _ aforizmi uaxlovdeba
andazas, magram andazisagan gansxvavebiT, aforizms aucileblad aqvs ritmuli
wyoba, amave dros hyavs konkretuli avtori da aqedan vrceldeba xalxSi.
maswavlebeli klass axsenebs wina klasebSi Seswavlil `vefxistyaosnis~
aforizmebs.
wera _ sawerad moswavleebs vTavazobT àqtivobebis rveulSi~ moTavsebul
#1 da #2 davalebebs. Tavad maswavleblis gadasawyvetia, romeli Seasrulebinos
moswavleebs klasSi da romeli _ Sin.
III. gramatikul masalaze muSaoba
am gakveTilebze grZeldeba arsebiTi saxelis brunebaze dakvirveba. moswavleebi ecnobian brunvis niSnebs; arsebiTi saxelis fuZes, rogorc saxelis im
nawils, romelsac brunvis niSnebi daerTvis. varjiSoben ama Tu im brunvis formidan brunvis niSnebisa da fuZis gamoyofaze (ix. saxelmZRvanelo, agreTve _
àqtivobebis rveuli~, davalebebi #3 da #4).
Sedegebis kodi: IV.3, IV.5, IV.6, IV.8, IV.10, IV.12, IV.13.
35
hblwfUjmfcjt!nbtbmb
SoTa rusTaveli (iakob gogebaSvilis mixedviT), `vefxistyaosnis~
aforizmebi, arsebiTi saxelis bruneba
nj{ofcj
_ SoTa rusTavelisa da `vefxistyaosnis~ Sesaxeb martivi saganmanaTleblo
informaciis miwodeba
_ aRweriTi teqstis kiTxva da gaazreba
_ gabmuli Txroba
_ `vefxistyaosnis~ aforizmebis gacnoba da analizi
_ Seswavlili gramatikuli kategoriebis mixedviT arsebiTi saxelis morfologiuri garCeva
_ brunvis niSnebis marTlwera
brujwpcfcj
_ moswavle ecnoba martiv saganmanaTleblo informacias SoTa rusTavelisa da `vefxistyaosnis~ Sesaxeb
_ kiTxulobs da aanalizebs teqsts
_ yofs mas nawilebad, adgens gegmas
_ ecnoba da aanalizebs `vefxistyaosnis~ aforizmebs
_ wers
_ eufleba brunvis niSnebis marTlweras
_ muSaobs individualaurad, jgufurad, wyvilebSi
I. teqstze muSaoba
1. kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba _ maswavlebeli klass uCvenebs SoTa rusTavelis
portrets, `vefxistyaosans~ da avalebs gaixsenon, ra ician am poetisa da misi poemis Sesaxeb. Sedgeba `gonebrivi ieriSis~ ruka: (es samuSao SeiZleba Sesruldes
jgufebSic. mosafiqreblad eZlevaT ramdenime wuTi. TiToeuli jgufis pasuxi
gaanalizdeba da Sefasdeba klasSi).
maswavlebeli ajamebs moswavleTa pasuxebs, awvdis damatebiT informaciasac.
36
dawera S. rusTavelma
daiwera me-12 saukuneSi
`vefxistyaosani~
...
...
damatebiTi informacia maswavleblisaTvis: SoTa rusTaveli (XII-XIII ss) msoflios udidesi humanisti poetia. Cvenamde moRweulia misi erTaderTi poema ~vefxistyaosani~, romelSic
gamoxatulia qarTveli eris umSvenieresi miswrafebani, umaRlesi idealebi.
SoTa rusTavelis biografiuli cnobebi TiTqmis ar Senaxula, magram mravali xalxuri da
literaturuli gadmocemis, Tu samecniero hipoTezis mixedviT mkvlevarni askvnian:
sruli ueWvelobiT mxolod imis Tqma SeiZleba, rom `vefxistyaosnis~ avtori saxelad
SoTa, Tamar mefis Tanamedrove didgvarovani piri, iyo hereTis an rusTavis mflobeli. (aqedan
zedwodeba _ rusTaveli), saqarTvelos samefo karis meWurWleTuxucesi, romelmac xandazmulobaSi SeakeTebina ierusalimis qarTuli jvris monasteri da moaxatvina svetebi. aq damsaxurebis aRsaniSnavad monastris saaRape wignSi Seitanes misi saxeli, xolo monastris erT-erT
svetze maqsime aRmsarebelisa da ioane damaskelis freskaTa Soris misi suraTi gamosaxes.
varaudoben, rom `vefxistyaosani~ 1189-1207 wlebSia dawerili. masSi asaxulia XI-XII saukuneTa saqarTvelos sinamdvile. XII saukunis qarTuli saxelmwifos sidiade STagonebuli poetis
azriT, saxelmwifoebrivi wyobis umaRlesi principi, centraluri monarqiaa.
rusTavelis religia qristianobaa. igi XII saukunis qarTuli qristianuli saxelmwifos
mkvidria, misi apologeti, Teisti. aRiarebs RmerTis arsebobas da sulis ukvdavebas, icis da
eyrdnoba biblias.
`vefxistyaosani~ dRes msoflios TiTqmis yvela enazea Targmnili. zog enaze ki magaliTad,
rusul, inglisur, frangul, germanul da sxva enebze _ or-orjer.
2. teqstis kiTxva da analizi _ teqsts Tavidan bolomde kiTxulobs maswavlebeli. vinaidan teqsti aris aRweriTi, intonacia da kiTxvis tempi SeirCeva
Sesabamisi. pauzebi keTdeba TiToeuli abzacis Semdeg.
moswavleebi nawil-nawil kiTxuloben teqsts, aixsneba gaugebari sityvebi
da gamoTqmebi, gaanalizdeba aforizmebi. maswavlebeli klass avalebs teqsti
waikiTxon Cumad, dayon nawilebad da Seadginon gegma (gegma daaxloebiT aseT
xasiaTs miiRebs: a) SoTa rusTavelis vinaoba, b) `vefxistyaosnis~ mniSvneloba
qarTuli literaturisaTvis, g) SoTa rusTavelis sibrZne, d) poemis ukvdaveba).
moswavleebi saubroben TiToeuli sakiTxis Sesaxeb, avseben mas damatebiTi informaciiTac.
teqstis analizisas gairkveva, ras niSnavs `rusTaveli~, saidan miiRo poemis
avtorma es saxeli; ratom miiCneven am poemas genialur nawarmoebad; i. gogebaSvili (am Txzulebis avtori) ras miiCnevs `geniosTa xvedrad~; ra sityvebiT afasebs
37
i. gogebaSvili SoTa rusTavels (uniWieresi poeti, brZeni), raSi gamoixateba poetis sibrZne (azrovnebiT win uswrebda Tavis dros), ra aforizmebs iyenebs poeti
nawarmoebSi; rogor aris axsnili teqstSi TiToeuli aforizmis mniSvneloba...
saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemulia sxva aforizmebic, moswavleebi kiTxuloben
maT (maTi erTi nawili moswavleTaTvis ukve nacnobia III klasidan), maswavleblis
daxmarebiT aanalizeben da àqtivobebis rveulSi~ asruleben #1 davalebas.
3. Sejameba _ miRebul informacias moswavleebi ajameben wyvilebSi `ra
vicodi SoTa rusTavelis Sesaxeb, ra gavige, ris gageba mainteresebs~ (àqtivobebis rveuli~, #2).
1. brunvis formebze dakvirveba _ saxelmZRvanelo, gv. 24.
2. brunvis niSnebis marTlwera _ àqtivobebis rveuli~, #3.
3. arsebiTi saxelis garCeva Seswavlili gramatikuli kategoriebis
mixedviT _ davaleba #4.
Sedegebis kodi: IV.2, IV.6, IV.10, IV.13, IV.14.
38
hblwfUjmfcjt!nbtbmb
`WaSi Cavardnili kacis ambavi~ (nawyveti `vefxistyaosnidan~),
arqaizmebi (terminis miwodebis gareSe), sxvaTa sityvis nawilaki
-o, viTarebiTi brunvis niSnis (-ad) marTlwera
-o
nj{ofcj
_ teqstis arsebiTi enobriv-gramatikuli niSnebis amocnoba
_ leqsikur da gramatikul arqaizmebze dakvirveba (terminis gareSe)
_ paralelebis gavleba Seswavlil literturul nawarmoebebTan
_ sxvaTa sityvis nawilakis (-o) marTlwera
_ viTarebiTi brunvis niSnis (-ad) marTlwera
brujwpcfcj
_ gadmoscems mis Sinaarss rogorc TxrobiT, ise _ werilobiT
_ avlebs paralelebs Seswavlil literaturul nawarmoebebTan da
akeTebs saTanado daskvnebs
_ akvirdeba leqsikur da gramatikul arqaizmebs
_ varjiSobs orToepiasa da orTografiaSi
I. teqstze muSaoba
1. teqstis kiTxva _ maswavlebeli Tavidan bolomde kiTxulobs nawyvets,
akiTxebs kiTxvaSi gawaful moswavlesac, Semdeg moswavleebi nawil-nawil kiTxuloben teqsts, `sityvis salarosa~ da maswavleblis daxmarebiT xsnian gaugebar
sityvebsa da frazebs, aSinaarseben TiToeul striqons da gadmoscemen wakiTxulis Sinaarss, romelic daaxloebiT aseT saxes miiRebs:
òri kaci ucxo adgilas midioda. ukana kacma wina kaci WaSi Cavardnili dainaxa, mivida axlos, CasZaxoda da tiroda, `vais~ iZaxda.
ase uTxra: amxanago, mand iyavi da momicade, me Tokis mosatanad waval, minda,
rom amogiyvano; qvemoT myofs gaecina, metad gaukvirda, dauyvira: rom ar dagicado, sad gageqce, sad wavide?~
vinaidan teqsti enobrivi TvalsazrisiT sakmaod rTulia, maswavlebeli
klass jer usvams Sinaarsze orientirebul kiTxvebs, romelTa pasuxebi wignSi
39
unda amoikiTxon:
_ sad midioda ori kaci?
_ ra SeemTxva winamavals?
_ rogor gadawyvita ukan mimavalma misi daxmareba? ris motana gadawyvita
man?
_ ra sTxova man WaSi Cavardnils?
_ ra upasuxa WaSi Cavardnilma?...
moswavleebi kiTxvebze pasuxebiT gadmoscemen teqstis Sinaarss. SeiZleba
Sedges gegmac.
daismeba ufro maRali donis (analizze, sinTezze, Sefasebaze orientirebuli) kiTxvebic:
_ ratom gaecina WaSi Cavardnils?
_ ris Tqma surs poets am teqstiT mkiTxvelisaTvis?
_ romeli andaza gagaxsendaT am teqstis kiTxvisas? (`wina kaci ukanas xidiao~).
_ramdenad Seefereba es andaza am teqsts? ratom fiqrobT ase?
_ SevadaroT es nawarmoebi adre, III klasSi, Seswavlil sulxan-saba orbelianis igav-araks ~sayveduri tyveobaze uaresia~. ra saerTo aqvs am or teqsts?
(msgavseba mxolod garegnulia, orive maTganSi ormoSi Cavrdnil kacsa da mis Svelazea saubari); gansxvavebuli? (gansxvavebulia azri: pirvel maTganSi saubaria
imaze, rom sikeTe uxmaurod unda gakeTdes; meoreSi ki yuradReba gamaxvilebulia sityvaze, romlis Tqmisas aucileblad unda davfiqrdeT, gaviTvaliswinoT
saTqmelis Tqmis dro da adgili).
teqstis gaazrebisaTvis sruldeba testuri davleba (swori pasuxia b).
werilobiT sruldeba davaleba #1.
II. enobriv masalaze dakvirveba:
1. arqaizmebze dakvirveba _ moswavleebi teqstSi eZeben sityvebs, romlebic dRes aRar ixmareba: Sigan, Cahyioda, izaxis, TokTa, qveSeTsa, mosaxmelad, Semohyivla... asaxeleben Zveli formiT gamoyenebul arsebiT saxelebs
(kacni, TokTa...) da zmnebs (tirs, mwads, gaecinnes...).
2. sxvaTa sityvis `-o~ marTlwera (saxelmZRvanelo, gv. 26)
3. viTarebiTi brunvis niSnis (-ad) marTlwera (àqtivobebis rveuli~,
davaleba #2. am savarjiSos Sesrulebamde sasurvelia, moswavleebi vavarjiSoT
orToepiaSi).
40
hblwfUjmfcjt!nbtbmb
revaz inaniSvilis `Semodgomis dRe~, arsebiTi saxelis fuZe,
arsebiTi saxelis fuZis monaxva
nj{ofcj
_ mxatvruli teqstis kiTxva da analizi
_ sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva wakiTxulis mimarT
_ gabmul metyvelebaze muSaoba, Sinaarsis gadmocema (TxrobiT,
werilobiT)
_ teqstis ageba, literaturuli personaJisaTvis werilis miwera
_ arsebiTi saxelis formacvlaze dakvirveba, saxelis fuZis moZebna
brujwpcfcj
_ gamoxatavs Tavis damokidebulebas wakiTxulis mimarT
_ adgens gegmas
_ gadmoscems wakiTxulis Sinaarss TxrobiT da werilobiT
_ swers werils warmosaxviT adresats (literaturul personaJs)
_ eufleba arsebiTi saxelis fuZis monaxvis xerxs
I. teqstze muSaoba
1. kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba _ SeiZleba Catardes sxvadasxvanairad: a) maswavlebeli klass aZlevs sayrden sityvebs: `gviani Semodgoma,~ `yviTeli foTlebi~, `mSvenieri sanaxaoba~, `Semodgomis tye~... _ da avalebs Seadginon zepiri
Txzuleba Semodgomis Sesaxeb. es samuSao umjobesia Sesruldes jgufurad; b)
moswavleebi ixseneben wina klasebSi Seswavlil r. inaniSvilis nawarmoebebs da
saubroben maT Sesaxeb.
revaz inaniSvili (1926-1991 w.w.), 1956 wels daamTavra Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis filologiis fakulteti; pirveli moTxroba `saxsovari~ gamoaqveyna lit. almanax `pirvel
sxivSi~ 1950 wels, xolo moTxrobebis pirveli krebuli _ `pirveli moTxrobebi~ _ 1953 wels;
gamosca ramdenime krebuli (`megobrisadmi minaweri werilebidan~, `wveTebi foTlebze~, `cisferi gorgali~, `saRamo xanis Canawerebi~, `barisaken mifrinavs jafara~, `Citebis gamomzamTrebeli~...); 1977 wels mieniWa rusTavelis premia; gansakuTrebiT nayofieria sabavSvo literaturis
41
sferoSi. aris mravali saymawvilo moTxrobis avtori; misi Semoqmedebis mTavari Temaa qarTuli
sofeli; mwerals gaaCnia adamianis sulSi Caxedvisa da TanagrZnobis udidesi unari; misi SemoqmedebisaTvis niSandoblivia lirikuli Txroba, cocxali saxeebis Seqmnis xelovneba; misi scenaris mixedviT gadaRebulia sabavSvo kinofilmi àrdadegebi~.
2. teqstis kiTxva _ maswavlebeli Tavidan bolomde kiTxulobs teqsts
gamometyvelebiT, teqstis didi nawili aRweriTia, amitom unda SeirCes saTanado intonacia da tempi. moswavleebi teqsts kiTxuloben nawil-nawil da
xsnian gaugebar sityvebsa da gamoTqmebs. Cumi kiTxvis procesSi ki teqsts yofen
calkeul nawilebad da asaTaureben (gegmis Sedgena). gegma savaraudod aseT saxes miiRebs:
Semodgoma xeobaSi
Tevzebiani tbori
dasveneba tyeSi
mSvenieri sanaxaoba
lamazi dRis dabneleba
moswavleebi gegmis mixedviT hyvebian wakiTxulis Sinaarss; Semdeg ki airCeven
erT-erT sakiTxs, romelic, maTi azriT, yvelaze mniSvnelovania am nawarmoebSi,
da werilobiT gadmoscemen mis Sinaarss (davlebebi #1 da #2).
3. teqstis analizi _ gairkveva, rogor aRwers mwerali nawarmoebSi Semodgomis tyes, romel zedsarTav saxelebs iyenebs am mizniT (Camocvenili foTlebi, mwvane mdinare, yviTlad abrialebuli xeebi, kvirtebdaberili wvrili
totebi...), ram moxibla igi tyeSi, ra wamoiRo man tyidan da ratom, ratom uZRvna
man madloba miwas, rogor gamoxata man Tavisi madliereba, ra ganwyoba daeufla
mas am sanaxaobis xilvis Semdeg, ratom Seecvala mas ganwyoba, romeli sityvebiT
gadmogvcems mwerali Tavis ganwyobis Secvlas (`naTel, lamaz dRes uceb gadaefara Talxi~), ris Tqma surs mwerals CvenTvis (adamiani anadgurebs bunebis mSvenebas), Tu Secvlian rames am nawarmoebSi da rogor...
teqstis gaazrebas exmareba `rveulSi~ moTavsebuli testuri davaleba
(swori pasuxia a).
4. werilis miwera warmosaxviTi personaJisadmi (wyvilebSi muSaoba)
davaleba #3 _ weris dawyebamde moswavleebi ixseneben, rogor iwereba werili, ra aris aucilebeli misi werisas _ konvertze misamarTis, adresatisa da
adresantis (gamgzavnis) _ miTiTeba; rogor iwyeben werilis weras _ adresatisadmi mimarTviT, ras weren werili bolos _ gamgzavnis saxelsa da TariRs...
42
arsebiTi saxelis fuZis monaxva_ moswavleebi teqstis pirvel abzacSi
eZeben arsebiT saxelebs (zamTari, gazafxuli, zafxuli, Semodgoma, foTlebi,
wnoris, fesvebi, xeebi, totebi, eklebi..), ajgufeben maT ricxvis mixedviT, gansazRvraven maTi brunvis formas, gamoyofen brunvis niSnebs... svamen arsebiT
saxelebs _ gazafxuli, zafxuli _ moTxrobiT brunvaSi: gazafxul-ma, zafxulma; acileben brunvis niSans. eZlevaT daskvna _ Tu arsebiT saxels CavsvamT
moTxrobiT brunvaSi da CamovacilebT brunvis niSans, darCeba fuZe. am SemTxvevaSi arsebiTi saxelebis fuZeebia: gazafxul, zafxul.
varjiSoben sxva boloTanxmovniani fuZeukumSveli saxelebis fuZeebis monaxvaze (saxelmZRv. gv. 29), am codnis gamoyenebiT sruldeba davaleba #4.
43
hblwfUjmfcjt!nbtbmb
vaJa-fSavelas `Svlis nukris naambobi~ (nawyveti), arsebiTi saxelis brunebasTan dakavSirebuli marTlweris sakiTxebi _ ori m
nj{ofcj
_ mxatvruli teqstis kiTxva da gaazreba
_ saganTSorisi kavSiri ekologiasTan
_ wakiTxulis mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva
_ kritikuli azrovnebis ganviTareba
_ gabmul metyvelebaze varjiSi
_ sxvadasxva pirSi Txroba
_ marTlweris Cvevebis formireba
brujwpcfcj
_ moswavle kiTxulobs da aanalizebs teqsts, avlebs paralelebs bunebismetyvelebis gakveTilebze miRebul informaciasTan
_ gamoxatavs damokidebulebas wakiTxulis mimarT, akeTebs daskvnebs,
asabuTebs Tavis azrs
_ adgens gegmas
_ wers
_ gadmoscems wakiTxulis Sinaarss I-sa da III pirSi
_ ecnoba vaJa-fSavelas Sesaxeb martiv saganmanaTleblo informacias
_ varjiSobs marTlwarmoTqmasa da marTlweraSi
_ Camowers sakiTxebs literaturul personaJTan warmosaxviTi interviusaTvis
_ muSaobs individualurad, wyvilebSi
I. teqstze muSaoba
1. kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba _ SeiZleba Catardes sxvadasxvanairad: a) maswavlebeli klass sTavazobs Temas: àdamiani da cocxali buneba~. moswavleebi
saubroben bunebis dacvis Sesaxeb, adamianisa da cxovelTa samyaros damokidebulebaze; b) klasi ixsenebs wina klasebSi Seswavlil vaJa-fSavelas leqsebs da
im informacias, rac maT ukve ician am poetis Sesaxeb. maswavlebeli avsebs da
ajamebs am informacias.
vaJa-fSavela (luka razikaSvili, 1861-1915) daibada sofel CargalSi (axlandeli duSeTis
raioni). rva wlamde CargalSi izrdeboda jer swavlobda Telavis sasuliero saswavlebelSi,
Semdeg 1877-79 wlebSi Tbilisis samaswavleblo institutTan arsebul orklasian samoqalaqo
44
saswavlebelSi, 1879 wlidan goris samaswavleblo seminariaSi, romelic daamTavra 1882 wels.
1883-84 wlebSi peterburgis universitetis iuridiuli fakultetis Tavisufali msmeneli
iyo. xelmokleobis gamo universiteti datova da maswavlebloba daiwyo mTis soflebSi. 1888
wlidan ki CargalSi damkvidrda. aq daiwera misi genialuri poemebi, leqsebi, moTxrobebi. drodadro cxenze gadakidebuli xurjiniT TbilisSi Camohqonda Tavisi nawerebi. mZime cxovrebam
da gaWirvebam adre Searyia vaJas janmrTeloba da 54 wlisa gardaicvala TbilisSi, hospitlis
palataSi (amJamindeli saxelmwifo universitetis Senoba). sikvdilis win axlad moTibuli balaxi da mTis wyaro inatra... dakrZales didubis panTeonSi 1935 wels misi neSti mTawmindaze
gadaasvenes.
vaJas SemoqmedebaSi cxovreba da samyaro sinaTlis da sibnelis, sikeTisa da borotebis
dausrulebeli Widilis saxiTaa warmodgenili.
qarTvel poetTa Soris vaJa yvelaze Rrmad Caswvda bunebis saidumloebas. poetisaTvis
mSveniereba ganfenilia sinamdvilis auracxel konkretul formaSi. sicocxle mTeli Tavisi
nairferobiT, maRali gonierebis da sikeTis gansaxierebad warmoudgenia.
vaJam uRrmesi gavlena moaxdina qarTveli xalxis erovnul TviTSegnebaze, mis TxzulebebSi samSoblo danaxulia rogorc `qveyniuri RmerTi~. es RmerTi mravalsaxovania, ZiriTadad ori
saxiT vlindeba, rogorc maradiuli, zedrouli, `didi iveria~ da rogorc ~jvarcmuli fiqri~.
vaJasaTvis eri ukvdavi fenomenia, igi SeiZleba Semcirdes an daknindes, magram mis uRrmes arsebaSi xeluxleblad aris Senaxuli pirveladi dvrita, ganaxlebisa da aRdgomis dauTrgunveli
potencia.
vaJa-fSavela, rogorc moqalaqe da poeti, mxne patrioti iyo, man udidesi gavlena moaxdina
qarTveli xalxis erovnul gaTviTcnobierebaze, manve daamkvidra qarTul poeziaSi pirovnuli
srulyofis _ `kai ymis~ kulti, romlis mniSvneloba ganuzomelia.
2. teqstis kiTxva da analizi _ maswavlebeli teqsts Tavidan bolomde
kiTxulobs gamometyvelebiT. Semdeg moswavleebi kiTxuloben nawil-nawil da
xsnian gaugebar sityvebsa da gamoTqmebs, risTvisac iyeneben `sityvis salaros.~
teqstis analizisas gairkveva, ra aris Svlis nukris sadardebeli, ra awuxebs mas
yvelaze metad, ratom sayvedurobs igi adamians; am teqstis mixedviT, rogoria
Svlis nukri, misi deda, adamiani; adamianis ra Tviseba Cans (moswavleebi teqstSi
eZeben saTanado adgilebs da iSvelieben sakuTari mosazrebis dasabuTebisas); ra
aris am teqstis mTavari saTqmeli; ra saerTo aqvs mas wina gakveTilze wakiTxul
r. inaniSvilis moTxrobasTan; Tu Cans nawarmoebSi mwerlis damokidebuleba momxdaris mimarT; rogoria Tavad moswavleebis damokidebuleba wakiTxuli teqstisadmi, ratom... riT asabuTeben Tavis azrs, rogor gaagrZeleben moTxrobas,
rogor dasasruls mouZebnian mas...
moswavleebi varjiSoben teqstis gamometyvelebiT kiTxvaze, SeiZleba
Catardes erTgvari Sejibric.
3. wera _ moswavleebi adgenen gegmas da am gegmis mixedviT weren `Svlis
nukris Civili~ (davaleba #1); wyvilebSi sruldeba davaleba #2 _ gaesaubreT
Svlis nukrs.
45
1.sxvadasxva pirSi Txroba _ moswavleebi akvirdebian rogor, romeli
gmiris saSualebiT gadmogvcems mwerali Tavis saTqmels (Svlis nukris saSualebiT), ratom mimarTavs am xerxs mwerali (ufro metad rom moaxdinos mkiTxvelze zemoqmedeba, ufro zustad rom uTxras mkiTxvels Tavisi saTqmeli...); ra
Seicvleboda, Tu mwerali Tavad mogviTxrobda am ambavs. moswavleebi wakiTxulis Sinaarss yvebian III pirSi.
2. dafaze iwereba winadadebebi:
ìrem... irems balaxi miawoda~,
`daWrilma lom... Rriali daiwyo~,
`qaTam... Cxrika, Cxrika da Tavisi dasaklavi dana gamoCxrika~.
moswavleebi Tavis adgilas svamen moTxrobiTi brunvis niSans da akvirdebian sityvebSi: ìremma~, `lomma~, `qaTamma~ _ ramdeni m iyris Tavs, ratom (erTi
fuZis daboloebaa, meore _ moTxrobiTi brunvis niSnis nawili); varjiSoben am
orTogramebis marTlwarmoTqmasa da marTlweraze; asaxeleben arsebiT saxelebs, romelTa fuZe m-ze mTavrdeba (davaleba #3); werilobiT asruleben #4
davalebas.
Sedegebis kodi: IV.1, IV.2, IV.3, IV.6, IV.7, IV.8, IV.9, IV.12, IV.14
gakveTilis Tema: vaJa-fSavelas àrwivi~, arsebiTi saxelis brunebasTan
dakavSirebuli marTlweris sakiTxi (ori s) _ am masalis dagegmvas mTlianad maswavlebels vandobT.
46
hblwfUjmfcjt!nbtbmb
sergo kldiaSvilis òrbi~, arsebiTi saxelis ricxvi,
mr. ricxvis formanti -eb
nj{ofcj
_ gabmuli metyvelebis ganviTareba
_ moswavleebSi kritikuli azrovnebis formireba
_ saganTSoris kavSiri ekologiasTan
_ teqstis enobriv-gamomsaxvelobiT mxareze dakvirveba
_ arsebiTi saxelis mravlobiTi ricxvis formantis (-eb) gacnoba
_ arsebiTi saxelis morfologiuri garCeva Seswavlili gramatikuli kategoriebis mixedviT
brujwpcfcj
_ adgens gegmas, gadmoscems wakiTxulis Sinaarss rogorc I, ise _ III pirSi
_ muSaobs wyvilebSi, jgufurad, individualurad
_ akvirdeba mxatvruli teqstis enas
_ ecnoba arsebiTo saxelis mr. ricxvis -eb sufiqss
_ arCevs arsebiT saxels Seswavlili gramatikuli kategoriebis mixedviT
_ wers
I. teqstze muSaoba
1. kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba _ am etapis dagegmvas mTlianad maswavlebels vandobT.
kldiaSvili sergo daviTis Ze, 1893_1986 wlebi, daamTavra quTaisis gimnazia, swavlobda
moskovis universitetis iuridiul fakultetze, mamasTan (cnobil mweral daviT kldiaSvilTan)
erTad monawileobda I msoflio omSi, saqarTveloSi dabrunda 1917 wels. misi pirveli prozauli miniaturebi daibeWda 1911 wels Tbilisis gazeT `sinaTleSi~, 1916 wlidan `cisferyanwelTa~
erT-erTi damaarsebeli da aqtiuri wevria. mwerali novelis Janris erT-erTi ubrwyinvalesi ostatia. mwerlis yuradRebis centrSia adamiani Semoqmedi, adamiani patrioti. mas ekuTvnis mTeli
cikli svanuri moTxrobebisa. gansakuTrebuli popularobiT sargeblobs misi `laxundarelis
Tavgadasavali~. avtoria novelebisa: `Winka biWebi~, òbrodi~, `gorgasalis Tasi~, `serafiti~,
47
`Semodgomis wvima~, `jordano bruno.~.. aqtiurad muSaobda dramaturgiaSic, misi piesebi (`gmirTa Taoba~, ìrmis xevi~, `dabruneba~...) warmatebiT idgmeboda qarTuli Teatris scenaze. Targmnilia mraval enaze.
2. teqstis kiTxva da analizi _ moswavleebi teqsts kiTxuloben pauzebiT,
TiToeuli pauzis Semdeg gamoTqvamen varauds movlenaTa SesaZlo ganviTarebis
Sesaxeb da asabuTeben sakuTar Sexedulebas, gzadagza, kiTxvis procesSive, aixsneba gaugebari sityvebi da gamoTqmebi. maswavleblis miTiTebiT moswavleebi
teqsts yofen calkeul, azrobrivad dasrulebul monakveTebad da adgenen gegmas, aseve teqsts kiTxuloben gamokrebiT _ mag. moZebneT da waikiTxeT teqstSi
is monakveTi, sadac aRwerilia: a) svaneTis buneba, b) svaneTis mosaxleoba, g)
sanadirod mzadeba, g) monadireTa imedgacrueba, d) brZola frinvelebTan,
e) daWrili orbi, v) maspinZlis ukmayofileba... gaanalizdeba saqarTvelos
romeli kuTxea teqstSi aRwerili; rogor aRwers mwerali svaneTsa da svanebs;
rogoria adamiani bunebasTan damokidebulebaSi; sad, nawarmoebis romel adgilas Cans es; rogoria Tavad mwerlis damokidebuleba bunebisadmi (mas uyvars
buneba, guli stkiva, roca adamianisagan ganadgurebuls xedavs mas, tkbeba bunebis mSvenebiT, magram amave dros arc TviTon ufrTxildeba cocxal bunebas...),
momxdarisadmi (Tavdapirvelad mwerali jerovanad ver afasebs momxdars _ `ra
unda eqna CemTvis frinvels, Tundac iseTs, rogoric orbia~, Semdeg ki SeSindeba
_ `bolos gadavisrole misken bartyebi da kldidan saswrafod Camovcocdi~)...
damatebiTi informacia maswavleblisTvis _ orbi, frinvelTa gvari SavardnisnairTa
rigisa. tanad didia. misi sxeulis sigrZe 1 m-s aRwevs; frTebis Slili _ 2,5 m-s, masa _ 8 kg-s.
gavrcelebulia evropaSi, aziasa da Crd. afrikaSi. saqarTveloSi garcelebuli orbi mTamaRalas
tipia, budobs kldeebze, xevebsa da borcvebze, frenisas vertikalurad aRwevs 3400 m simaRles.
Cveulebriv debs 1 kvercxs, kruxobs orive mSobeli 45-54 dRes. ikvebeba mZoriT. saqarTveloSi
misi raodenoba TandaTan klebulobs, Setanilia `wiTel wignSi~.
sruldeba testuri davaleba (swori pasuxia a), aseve _ davalebebi #1 da
#2.
3. wera _ davaleba #3.
1. sxvadasxva pirSi Txroba _ moswavleebi teqstis Sinaarss gadmoscemen
jer I, Semdeg _ III pirSi.
2. arsebiTi saxelis ricxvi _ davalebebi #4 da #5.
3. ricxvSi monacvle zmnebze dakvirveba (praqtikulad): bartyebi ubeSi
Cavisxi _ bartyi ubeSi Cavisvi, daTvebi davxoceT _ daTvi movkali.
Sedegebis kodi: IV.1, IV.2, IV.3, IV.4, IV.6, IV.7, IV.10, IV.12, IV.14
48
momdevno ori Temis _ svanuri zRapris `swor-mrudis makrateli~ da megruli leqsis `bJa dida re Cqimi~ _ dagegmvas mTlianad maswavlebels vandobT.
gTavazobT damatebiT informacias qarTveluri enebis Sesaxeb:
msoflioSi mravali enaa. maTSi gamoiyofa saerTo warmoSobis enebi, romelTac monaTesave enebi hqvia. monaTesave enebi momdinareobs erTi winare enis, `fuZeenis~, dialeqtebisagan, romlebic garkveul periodSi daSordnen erTmaneTs da
damoukidebel enebad iqcnen. saerTo warmoSobis enebi qmnian monaTesave enaTa
ojaxs. gamoyofen aseT enaTa ramdenime ojaxs.
qarTuli enis sxva enebTan mimarTebis garkvevas didi mecnieruli interesi
axlavs. amJamad kargad aris gamokvleuli da dadgenili, rom qarTulis monaTesave enebia zanuri (megrul-Wanuri) da svanuri. es sami monaTesave ena qmnis qarTvelur enaTa jgufs. es enebi momdinareobs erTi saerTo winare enis dialeqtebisagan, romlebic droTa ganmavlobaSi dascildnen erTmaneTs da damoukidebel
enebad iqcnen (Tumca zogierTi mkvlevar maT dResac dialeqtebad Tvlis), aqvT
sakuTari leqsikuri Sedgeniloba da gramatikuli wyoba. amaTgan qarTuli ena
erovnuli enaa, zanuri da svanuri ki tomobrivi enebia.
qarTuli ena Zveli samwerlobo enaa, Zveli mwerlobis enebs kulturul
enebs uwodeben; maSasadame, qarTuli kulturul enaTa ricxvs ganekuTvneba.
igi yvela qarTuli tomis saerTo saliteraturo ena iyo istoriulad da aris
dResac. is qarTvelebis saerTo erovnuli enaa.
qarTveluri enebis sxva enebTan naTesaobis Taobaze ramdenime Teoria arsebobs, magram es sakiTxi sabolood ar aris gamokvleuli. amJamad gavrcelebuli Sexedulebis Tanaxmad (romlis avtorebic arian i. javaxiSvili da arn. Ciqobava), qarTveluri enebi enaTesaveba mTis kavkasiur enebs da sxva jgufebTan
(afxazur-adiReur, daRestnur da qistur-bacbur enebTan) erTad qmnian mTis
iberiul-kavkasiur enaTa ojaxs, Tumca am sakiTxze arsebobs mecnierTa radikalurad gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebic (n. mari, T. gamyreliZe...).
49
hblwfUjmfcjt!nbtbmb
murman lebaniZis `zamTris piri~, arsebiTi saxelis ricxvTan
dakavSirebuli marTlweris sakiTxi (ori e)
nj{ofcj
_ gamometyvelebiT kiTxvaSi varjiSi
_ martivi aRweriTi teqstebis Seqmna da wera
_ orToepiuli da orTografiuli Cvevebis formireba
brujwpcfcj
_ moswavle kiTxulobs leqss
_ ecnoba axal leqsikur erTeulebs, iyenebs maT metyvelebaSi
_ varjiSobs gamometyvelebiT kiTxvaze
_ qmnis martiv aRweriT teqstebs sayrdeni sityvebisa da frazebis gamoyenebiT
_ wers
_ varjiSobs orToepiasa da orTografiaSi
_ muSaobs jgufurad, individualurad
I. teqstze muSaoba
1. kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba _ maswavlebeli klass yofs jgufebad, TiToeul
jgufs aZlevs davalebas _ gaiazron fraza `zamTris piri~ da aagon martivi
teqsti am saTauris mixedviT. mosafiqreblad eZlevaT ramdenime wuTi. pasuxebis
prezentacia da analizi xdeba klasis aqtiuri monawleobiT.
murman lebaniZe, 1922-2002, cnobili qarTveli poeti, rusTavelis premiis laureati, 1948
wels daamTavra Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis filologiis fakulteti, monawileobda II
msoflio omSi (1942-43 w), 1946 wlidan muSaobda Jurnal-gazeTebis redaqciebSi, iyo rusTavelis
sax. saxelmwifo premiebis komitetis pasuxismgebeli mdivani, lirikuli leqsebis pirveli krebuli gamoaqveyna 1950 wels, aqtiurad moRvaweobda sabavSvo mwerlobaSi.
2. teqstis kiTxva da analizi _ maswavlebeli klass leqss ukiTxavs gamometyvelebiT, Semdeg aZlevs davalebas _ waikiTxon leqsi Cumad, moZebnon da axsnan gaugebari sityvebi da gamoTqmebi, gamoiyenon am mizniT `sityvis salaro~;
50
moiniSnon is ucnobi sityvebic, romlebic wignSi ar aris axsnili. am sityvebis
axsna xdeba klasis saerTo ZalebiT.
gairkveva, weliwadis ra droa aRwerili nawarmoebSi, ras uwodebs poeti
`zamTris pirs~ (Semodgomis miwuruls, noembris damlevs), daasabuTon leqsis
mixedviT (rTveli damTavrebulia, mosavali dabinavebuli; buneba gayuCebula _
àrca qviTqviTi mwyris, arca gugulis gugu~; mTebi daTovlilia, sacaa barSic
moTovs, nislia, civa, xalxi buxars mihficxebia...); rogor aris aRwerili buneba
(`Cadis daRlili mze~, `kentad SerCenili foToli~, `wvims, saceriviT cris~,
`dapataravda dRe~...); akvirvebs mxatvrul saxeebze (saTanado terminis gareSe):
` Cadis daRlili mze~, `Tavi waukravT mTebs Tovlisfer CabalaxiT~, `dakodalaobs yrud sadRac najaxi tyeSi~...
leqsis mixedviT aRweren zamTris pirs soflad, sruldeba davaleba #1.
aseve sayrdeni sityvebis gamoyenebiT aRweren wlis amave dros qalaqad (davaleba #2).
moswavleebi varjiSoben
leqsis gamometyvelebiT kiTxvaze. SeiZleba
Catardes erTgvari Sejibric.
II. enobriv masalaze muSaoba
1. leqsikaze dakvirveba _ adamianis Sroma-saqmianobis amsaxeli leqsika
teqstSi (rTveli, simindis texa, xvna), adamianTa xmianobis amsaxveli leqsika (yiJini, simRera, laparaki), cxovelTa da frinvelTa xmianobis amsaxveli leqsika
(burvakis Rrutuni, mwyris qviTqviTi, gugulis gugu), wylis xmianoba (Cxriali), wisqvilis xmianoba (RuRuni)... igoneben frinvelTa da cxovelTa xmianobis
amsaxvel sxva leqsikur erTeulebsac (qaTmis kakani, indauris kivkivi, batis
sisini, bayayis yiyini, Zroxis zmuili, cxenis Wixvini, ZaRlis yefa/Rrena...).
2. orTografiasa da orToepiaze varjiSi _ saxelmZRvanelo, gv. 46. àqtivobebis rveuli~, davalebebi #3 da #4.
momdevno Temis: n. kecxovelis `bunebis kalendari~, sityvaTa ganmeoreba
winadadebaSi da misi Tavidan acileba _ dagegmvas mTlianad maswavlebels vandobT.
niko kecxoveli (1897-1983 w), cnobili botanikosi, mwerali da sazogado moRvawe. qarTuli botanikuri skolis fuZemdebeli, mecn. doqtori, akademikosi, Tsu reqtori 1945-52 wlebSi.
samecniero SromebTan erTad aqvs mravali lit. narkvevi, novela da moTxroba, romlebic saqarTvelos bunebasa da mis dacvas exeba. 1974 w. mieniWa rusTavelis premia.
51
5 sanimuSo gakveTilis scenari
hblwfUjmfcjt!nbtbmb
guram rCeuliSvilis `Semodgoma babua kotesi~,
piris nacvalsaxelebis: me, Sen, is _ gacnoba.
nj{ofcj
_ wakiTxulis Sefaseba, daskvnebis gakeTeba da sakuTari azris
dasabuTeba.
_ literaturul personaJTa martivi daxasiaTeba
_ literaturul personaJebTan gasaubreba
_ piris nacvalsaxelebze: me, Sen, is (igi) dakvirveba
_ punqtuaciasa da intonaciaze varjiSi
brujwpcfcj
_ gadmoscems teqstis Sinaarss
_ gamoxatavs damokidebulebas wakiTxulis mimarT, akeTebs daskvnebs,
asabuTebs sakuTar azrs
_ Camowers sakiTxebs (kiTxvebs) literaturul personaJTan
gasaubrebisaTvis, wers mosalodnel pasuxebsac
_ martivad axasiaTebs lit. personaJebs
_ yofs teqsts monakveTebad da asaTaurebs
_ avlens Tavis fantazias moTxrobis gagrZelebisas
_ varjiSobs piris nacvalsaxelebis: me, Sen, is (igi) _ praqtikul
gamoyenebaze.
_ eufleba punqtuaciursa da intonaciur Cvevebs
I gakveTili
maswavlebeli klass SesTavazebs davalebas _ gaiazron fraza: `Semodgomaze Sromasa da fusfusSi Ramdeba~. klass yofs or jgufad, erT jgufs avalebs
es fraza daukavSiron sofels, meores ki _ qalaqs, gaamaxvilon yuradReba am
dros adamianis Sroma-saqmianobaze. moxdeba Sesrulebuli samuSaos prezentacia. TiToeuli jgufi gvTavazobs Tavis mosazrebebs am sakiTxis irgvliv. moqmedebs principi: yvelas azri sayuradReboa. maswavlebeli ar ereva moswavleTa
pasuxebSi, iZleva mxolod gezs, rom sworad warimarTos diskusia.
52
moswavleebi ixseneben magaliTebs cxovrebidan, literaturuli masalidan,
amyareben TavianT mosazrebebs saTanado argumentebis moSveliebiT. am etapze
mTavaria ara mxolod WeSmaritebis Zieba, aramed diskusiis xelovnebis TandaTanobiT dauflebac. mosmena, sxvisi azris pativiscema, sakuTari mosazrebis
Camoyalibeba da dasabuTeba.
damatebiTi informacia maswavlebelTaTvis:
1. qarTveli mwerali guram rCeuliSvili (4.VI.1934, Tbilisi, 23.VIII.1960, gagra, dakrZalulia TbilisSi). daamTavra Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis istoriis fakulteti (1957 w.)
pirveli moTxrobebi, romlebsac didi warmateba xvdaT, `ciskarSi~ gamoqveynda 1957 wels. sul
oTxiode weli iRvawa samwerlo sarbielze. 26 wlisa tragikulad daiRupa. moTxrobaTa pirveli
krebuli `salamura~ gamoqveynda mwerlis gardacvalebis Semdeg (1961 w.). misi ZiriTadi krebulebia: `moTxrobebi, piesa~ (1965), `moTxrobebi~ (1977), romlebmac sayovelTao popularoba
moipova. misma literaturulma memkvidreobam (moTxrobebi, novelebi, miniaturebi, piesa) mniSvnelovani kvali daamCnia Tanamedrove qarTuli prozis ganviTarebas.
guram rCeuliSvilis moTxrobebi Targmnilia germanul, ungrul, bulgarul, Cexur, litvur, rusul enebze.
2. Tveebis saxelebi
dRevandeli
ianvari
Tebervali
marti
aprili
maisi
ivnisi
ivlisi
agvisto
seqtemberi
oqtomberi
noemberi
ZvelqarTuli
apnisi
surwyunisi
mirkani
igrika
vardobisTve
TibaTve
mkaTaTve
mariamobisTve
enkenisTve
RvinobisTve
giorgobisTve
dekemberi
qristeSobisTve
maswavlebeli gamometyvelebiT kiTxulobs teqstis nawils (Tavidan ...
`babua kote mogonebebSi CaiZira~), Semdeg kiTxvas ganagrZobs 2-3 moswavle. am
dros gasaTvaliswinebelia is faqti, rom teqstis erTi nawili dialogis formisaa, amasTan mravladaa kiTxviTi da Zaxilis winadadebebi (kiTxviT-Zaxilisac),
amitom aucilebelia, SeirCes saTanado intonacia da tempi.
ganmeorebiTi nawil-nawil kiTxvis dros moswavleTa ZalebiT daiZebneba da
maTive monawileobiT aixsneba ucnobi sityvebi da gamoTqmebi: mtris Tvals ar
daenaxveba _ metad kargia; yasidad _ mosaCveneblad, gangeb; gulic moeca _
gaTamamda, gamxnevda; civad Semobrunda _ gulgrilad, ugulod, usiamovnod
Semobrunda; erTbaSad, usityvod Semobrunda.
tardeba gamokrebiTi kiTxva. maswavleblis mier dasmul pirvel donis
kiTxvebis pasuxebs moswavleebi saxelmZRvaneloSi amoikiTxaven.
_ ra saubari gaimarTa babua kotesa da Tekles Soris pirvelad? (àr unda
gameyida is saxli... eh! kargi erTi~) _ meored? (`guSin Cveneburi Camosula... aba,
nametani gamoviketeT, Tqva Teklem da isev moeSva~).
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_ rogor igonebda babua kote Tavis baRis qarTul, baraqian Semodgomas?
_ ra qna babua kotem, roca uzomod mounda miwa moeCiCqna? (`gaaxsenda, rom
quCaSi qvafenilis gaswvriv mdgari xeebis ZirSi miwa eyara... civad Semobrunda,
Tvalebze momdgari cremlebi moiwminda).
aqtivoba 3 _ wakiTxulis gaazreba (5 wuTi):
gairkveva, vinaa nawarmoebis avtori (guram rCeuliSvili). romel dros Seexeba nawarmoebSi aRwerili ambavi (dRevandelobas), ra aris nawarmoebSi mTavari
(moxucebs Zalian eZnelebaT soflis datoveba, qalaqSi cxovreba _ ar SeuZliaT
usaqmod da umezoblod yofna). ratom aqvs saTaurad `Semodgoma babua kotesi~,
(pirvelad atarebs babua kote Semodgomas qalaqSi, igonebs sofelSi gatarebul
Semodgomas da Zalian Sewuxebulia).
Seasruleben aqtivobebis rveulSi mocemul testur davalebas: babua kotes
yvelaze metad awuxebs: a) qalaqSi cxovreba; b) sibere da avadmyofoba; g) usaqmod
da umezoblod yofna. pasuxia: g)
aqtivoba 4 _
a) enobriv masalaze dakvirveba (3 wuTi):
_ ramdeni adamianis saubaria teqstSi gadmocemuli? (oris _ col-qmris
babua kotesa da Teklesi).
_ rogori ganwyoba dageuflaT am dialogis wakiTxvisas? (sevdiani). ratom?
(orive moqmedi piri Sewuxebulia TavianTi mdgomareobiT, Cvenc gadmogvedo maTi
mwuxareba...)
b) teqstSi kiTxviTi da Zaxilis winadadebebis amokiTxva: gairkveva Zaxilis winadadebebis saxeebi (4 wuTi):
kiTxviTi winadadebebi:
_ kote, axla Cveni mandarinebi viTom SeyviTlebuli iqneba? ras meubnebi, ar
gaxsovs? (kiTxviTsityviania _ ras?) Sen Cemze ukeTesad gaxsovs?
Zaxilis winadadebebi:
_ `babua, Cemi vedro da niCabi CamouSvi ra!~ (gamoxatavs Txovnas). `Sevcdi, Sevcdi!~ (mwuxarebis gamomxatvelia). `rogor uyvarda Semodgoma, baraqiani,
qarTuli Semodgoma!~ (dananebas gamoxatavs). àRar SegveZlo da!.. ar unda gameyida is saxli! (orTave mwuxarebas gamoxatavs).
yuradReba gamaxvildeba agreTve kiTxviT-Zaxilis winadadebaze `me maswavli?!~ kiTxvasac gamoxatavs da gakvirvebasac. varjiSoben am winadadebebis saTanado intonaciiT wakiTxvaze.
g) mravalwertilze dakvirveba
moZebneT teqstSi is adgilebi, sadac mravalwertilia naxmari: (`davberdiT,
meti veRar SevZeliT da...~),
àRar SegveZlo da!.. moSvebulad Tqva bebia Teklem~).
_ rogor fiqrobT, ratom xmarobs mwerali mravalwertils? (naTqvami araa
damTavrebuli).
_ daamTavreT winadadebebi da mravalwertilis nacvlad CasviT saWiro sityvebi.
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(nimuSi: `davberdiT, meti veRar SevZeliT da raRa unda gveqna, momxmare
aravin gvyavda.
àRar SegveZlo da! meti ra gza gvqonda! aman gadagvawyvetina qalaqSi
SvilebTan da SviliSvilebTan wamosvla~.).
aqtivoba 5 _ Sejameba (3 wuTi): moswavleebi ajameben, ra gaiges axali am
gakveTilze (rogori iyo babua kotes Semodgoma qalaqSi da sofelSi, ratom
iyvnen Sewuxebuli col-qmari, gansakuTrebiT ram daswyvita maT guli).
aqtivoba 6 _ Sefaseba (3 wuTi): gakveTilis bolos maswavlebeli klasTan
erTad sityvierad afasebs ramdenime moswavles. Sefaseba wamaxalisebelia, magram masSi aucileblad unda gaviTvaliswinoT Semdegi parametrebi: a) saSinao
davalebis Sesrulebis xarisxi, b) aqtiuroba, g) sakuTari azris dasabuTeba,
d) koreqtuloba.
aqtivoba 7 _ saSinao davaleba (2 wuTi): Semodgoma babua kotesi (teqstSi
moiniSnon is adgilebi, sadac babua kotes gancdebia mocemuli).
weriTi samuSao. davaleba # 2 (aqtivobebis rveuli), moTxrobis gagrZeleba.
Sedegebis kodi: IV1, IV3, IV5, IV6, IV8, IV9
II gakveTili
aqtivoba 1 _ teqstis kiTxva da gegmis Sedgena (12 wuTi):
moswavleebi kiTxuloben teqsts. yuradReba maxvildeba gamometyvelebiT
kiTxvaze (tempi, tembri, pauza, maxvili, intonacia). kTxuloben teqstSi im adgilebs, sadac ori adamianis saubaria gadmocemuli, maswavleblis miTiTebiT
moswavleebi teqsts yofen calkeul nawilebad da asaTaureben. moismenen ramdenime dasaTaurebas da maTgan SearCeven saukeTesos. gegma daaxloebiT aseT
saxes miiRebs
patarebis garToba ezoSi
babua kotesa da Tekles sevdiani saubari
soflis baraqiani Semodgomis gaxseneba
moxucebis gancdebi
babua kotes survili
ezoSi Casvla
cremlebi babua kotes Tvalebze
(gegma SeiZleba dafaze daiweros).
aqtivoba 2 _ teqstis analizi da Sinaarsis gadmocema (16 wuTi):
maswavlebeli svams maRali donis (analizze, sinTezze, gamoyenebasa da Sefasebaze orientirebul) kiTxvebs:
55
_ ras ganicdis babua kote?
_ ratom wuxs is ase Zlier sofelSi saxlis gayidvas?
_ ra sityvebiT gamoxatavs Tavis wuxils?
(ganicdis soflis datovebasa da qalaqSi mexuTe sarTulze usaqmod da umezoblod gamoketvas. is xSirad imeorebs: àr unda gameyida is saxli!~);
_ babua kotes ra Tvisebebi Cans am nawarmoebSi? (Sromismoyvareoba, Tavis
saxl-karisadmi uzomo siyvaruli, meuRlisadmi pativiscema, xalxTan kontaqtis survili, uzomo sikeTe, Tavazianoba, gulCviloba, dardianoba...) TiToeul
Tvisebas amtkiceben teqstis mixedviT.
_ ratom moadga moxucs Tvalebze cremli?
(pirvelad cremli moadga Tvalebze, roca valerianis sityvebi gadasca
Teklem `Tqveni leRvebi mtris Tvals ar daenaxvebao;~ _ es iyo soflis monatrebiT gamowveuli cremli.
meored Tvalebze momdgari cremli maSin moiwminda, roca ezoSi Casulma
xes ver SemouCiCqna miwa, radgan `qvafenilsa da xes Soris oTxkuTxedi damcveli
bade iyo Cadgmuli, albaT ZaRlebis sawinaaRmdegod~).
_ rogori ganwyoba dageuflaT am moTxrobis wakiTxvis Semdeg? ratom?
(sevdiani ganwyoba, radgan TviT moxucebi Zalian dardoben. adamiani sadac daibadeba da gaizrdeba siberec iq unda gaataron. `Citi sadac daibadeba, misi baRdadic iq ariso~.
winaswar Sedgenili gegmisa da am kiTxvebis daxmarebiT moswavleebi gadmoscemen teqstis Sinaarss.
aqtivoba 3 _
a) leqsikuri maragis gamdidreba (6 wuTi):
_ weliwadis romeli droa aRwerili nawarmoebSi? (Semodgoma)
_ ra miniSnebebia amis Sesaxeb teqstSi? (`rogor uyvarda Semodgoma, baraqiani `qarTuli Semodgoma~, axla mis baRSi mandarini mwifdeba~. òc dReSi ukve
mosakrefi gaxdeba~. `Turme Cveni leRvi damwifebula~.).
_ Semodgomis romeli Tveebisa naxsenebi teqstSi? (enkenisTve, giorgobisTve).
_ rogoria maTi dRevandeli Sesatyvisi? (seqtemberi, oqtomberi).
_ ratom iyenebs maT mwerali Zveli saxelwodebebiT? (alaparakebs soflis
moxucebs).
_ maswavleblis davalebiT moswavleebi asaxeleben Tveebis qarTul xalxur saxelebs. (ivnisi _ TibaTve, ivlisi _ mkaTaTve, agvisto _ mariamobisTve,
seqtemberi _ enkenisTve, oqtomberi _ RvinobisTve, noemberi _ giorgobisTve,
dekemberi _ qristeSobisTve).
b) frazeologiuri muSaoba (2 wuTi):
SeaerTeT Tavis mniSvnelobasTan:
gulze dardi Semoawva
Tvalebi gaubrwyinda
metad kargia
uimedod usityvod (Semobrunda)
56
mtris Tvals ar daenaxveba
guli moeca
civad (Semobrunda)
dadardianda
gauxarda
gaTamamda
g) sinonimebze muSaoba (4 wuTi):
miuwereT msgavsi mniSvnelobis sityvebi (jgufuri muSaoba):
or baraTze Camoiwereba sityvebi. TiTo jgufs miecema TiTo baraTi.
baraTi I
babua _ (papa)
moxuci _ (xandazmuli, beberi, xnieri)
uyura _ (ucqira, umzira)
koxtad morTuli _ (mokazmuli, gamowyobili, gamokopwiavebuli)
baraqiani _ (uxvi)
baraTi II
yasidad _ (gangeb, ganzrax mosaCveneblad)
eambora _ (akoca, xelze emTxvia)
isaubres _ (ibaases, ilaparakes)
siuxve _ (simdidre)
ixedeboda _ (icqireboda)
aqtivoba 4 _ Sejameba da Sefaseba (3 wuTi)
aqtivoba 5 _ saSinao davaleba (2 wuTi)
`Semodgoma babua kotesi~ _ Sinaarsi
`weriTi samuSao~ davaleba #1 (aqtivobebis rveuli) _ `babua kotes wuxili~.
Sedegebis kodi: IV3, IV4, IV7, IV8.
III gakveTili
aqtivoba 1 _ gakveTili iwyeba wina dRiT micemuli weriTi davalebis _
`babua kotes wuxili~ _ SemowmebiT. msjeloben, rogor Seasrules davaleba,
maT mier Semoxazuli pasuxebi (TviTSefaseba) a) Zalian kargad, b) kargad, g) gamiWirda, _ daemTxva Tu ara maswavleblis Sefasebas. msjeloben, ra gauWirdaT
ufro metad (6 wuTi).
aqtivoba 2 _ teqstis Sinaarsis gadmocema (13 wuTi):
moswavleebi teqstis Sinaarss gadmoscemen jer nawil-nawil, wina gakveTilze
Sedgenili gegmis mixedviT (TiTo moswavle gegmis TiTo sakiTxze saubrobs; Semdeg ki _Sinaarss gadmoscemen mesame pirSi.
aqtivoba 3 _ gaesaubrebian babua kotes (wyvilebSi muSaoba), (10 wuTi):
57
jer zepirad, mere _ werilobiT (davaleba # 3, aqtivobebis rveuli).
nimuSi:
kiTxva: ratom gadawyviteT soflis datoveba?
pasuxi: movxucdiT da veRar SevZeliT marto cxovreba.
kiTxva: gansakuTrebiT ra genatrebaT?
pasuxi: sofelSi Cemi ezo-garemo, saxl-kari, axloblebi...
kiTxva: daubrundebodiT Tu ara isev Tqvens sofels?
pasuxi: didi survili maqvs, magram moxucebulobis gamo ver gavbedavdi.
kiTxva: gansakuTrebiT ras ver eguebiT qalaqSi?
pasuxi: martoobasa da usaqmurobas.
aqtivoba 4 _ gramatikul masalaze muSaoba (10 wuTi): piris nacvalsaxelebi: me, Sen, is (igi).
maswavlebeli wers dafaze winadadebebs:
1. `me maswavli? Sen Cemze ukeTesad gaxsovs?~ _ ambobs babua kote.
_ Tavis Tavze saubrisas romel sityvas iyenebs babua kote?
_ iyenebs sityvas me.
_ cols, Tanamesaubres romeli sityviT mimarTavs?
_ mimarTavs sityviT Sen.
2. `safexurze xtomiT mimavalma biWma gauswro, arc is misalmebia babua
kotes~
_ am winadadebaSi sityva is romeli sityvis nacvlad aris gamoyenebuli?
_ gamoyenebulia sityvis _ biWi _ nacvlad.
gamoaqvT daskvna:
roca kaci TavisTavze laparakobs, me sityvas xmarobs; visac elaparakeba,
mimarTavs Sen sityviT, roca sxvaze laparakobs ambobs _ is (igi). me, Sen, is (igi)
nacvalsaxelebia.
asruleben aqtivobebis rveulSi mocemul me-4 davalebas: moZebne nacvalsaxelebi winadadebebSi (pirvel winadadebaSi nacvalsaxelia me, meoreSi _ Sen,
mesameSi _ is, meoTxeSi _ me, Sen; mexuTeSi _ Sen, me; meeqvseSi _ is, meSvideSi _
me, merveSi _ igi).
maswavleblis davalebiT TviT moswavleebi asaxeleben winadadebebs nacvalsaxelebis (me, Sen, is (igi)) gamoyenebiT.
aqtivoba 5 _ gakveTilis Sejameba da Sefaseba (4 wuTi):
aqtivoba 6 _ saSinao davaleba (2 wuTi): `Semodgoma babua kotesi.~ babua
kotes daxasiaTeba. weriTi davaleba #5 _ Casvi gamotovebuli nacvalsaxelebi
(aqtivobebis rveuli).
(pirvel winadadebaSi unda Caisves nacvalsaxeli me, meoreSi _ is, mesameSi
_ me, meoTxeSi _ Sen, mexuTeSi _ is-igi).
Sedegebis kodi: IV4, IV7, IV9, IV11, IV14.
58
hblwfUjmfcjt!nbtbmb
karlo arseniSvilis `nasoflari~ (SemoklebiT);
piris nacvalsaxelebis: Cven, Tqven, isini _ gacnoba
nj{ofcj
_ argumentirebuli msjelobis unaris ganviTareba
_ Seswavlil literaturul nawarmoebebs Soris paralelebis gavleba
_ moqmed pirTa SedarebiTi daxasiaTeba
_ literaturuli personaJisaTvis werilis miwera
_ moswavleTa fantaziis ganviTareba
_ moswavleebSi humanizmisa da sikeTis grZnobis gaRviveba
_ pirTa nacvalsaxelebze Cven, Tqven, isini dakvirveba.
brujwpcfcj
_ moswavle gadmoscems teqstis Sinaarss TxrobiT da werilobiT
_ avlebs paralels Seswavlil nawarmoebebs Soris
_ adarebs erTmaneTs moqmed pirebs, poulobs maT Soris msgavsebasa
da gansxvavebas
_ avlens Tavis fantazias moTxrobis gagrZelebisas, calkeul moqmed
pirTa Sefasebisas, daskvnebis gamotanisas...
_ agebs literaturuli personaJisaTvis misaweri werilis teqsts
_ avlens Tavis damokidebulebas teqstSi gadmocemuli ambisadmi
_ varjiSobs piris nacvalsaxelebis Cven, Tqven, isini _ praqtikulad
gamoyenebaze.
I gakveTili
aqtivoba 1 _kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba (6 wuTi). aq vTavazobT maswavlebels 2
variants. varianti I:
gavixsenoT, romeli Seswavlili qarTuli xalxuri zRapari mTavrdeba ase:
`Svilebi darcxvenili idgnen mamis winaSe da verafris Tqmas ver axerxebdnen?~ (`miwas patroni unda~). gaimarTeba msjeloba: ratom idgnen Svilebi darcxvenili mamis winaSe? (Svilebma ar daujeres mamas: aixires, miwis CiCqnas gvirCevnia,
sxvagan wavideT da qoneba viSovoTo. dahkres fexi da wavidnen). ra bedi ewia Svilebs? (ramdenime xnis Semdeg gamaTxovrebulni dabrundnen Sin).
_ ra Sexedulebis iyo moxuci miwaze? (_ miwaze didi qoneba ar ariso, miwa
pirveli marCenali da masazrdoebelia. Tu xels gaanZrev, ar giRalatebs. miwa
didi simdidrea, mas gafrTxileba, patroni unda).
59
_ saidan Cans moxucis mier miwis udidesi siyvaruli? (mamas guli ukvdeboda, rom misi gardacvalebis Semdeg ase naloliaveb miwas patroni ar eyoleboda
da sxvis xelSi Cavardeboda. moxucma gaWirvebis gamo Tavis qoneba Calis fasad
gayida, bolos jeri miwaze midga, magram moxuci miwis gayidvaze verafriT ver
daiTanxmes).
_ vin exmareboda moxucs miwis movlaSi? (mezoblebi: miwa moxnes, venaxi gasxles da Semodgomaze Wirnaxuli daaxvaves).
_ yvelaferi rom gaeyida moxucs, saxl-karis nacvlad, ra daxvdeboda Svilebs? (nasaxlari).
_ rogor gaagrZelebT am zRapars? (_ ukan dabrunebuli Svilebi amoudgebodnen mxarSi mamas da aayvavebdnen Tavis ezogaremos...)
amis Semdeg daiwyeba axali masalis _ `nasoflari~ _ kiTxva.
varianti II:
_ warmoidgineT, rom babua kote Tavis meuRlesTan erTad sofelSi darCa.
rogori iqneboda iq maTi cxovreba? (am samuSaos umjobesia mieces jgufuri saxe.
TiToeuli jgufi warmoadgens pasuxis sakuTar variants, romlis Sefaseba da analizi xdeba koleqtiurad).
aqtivoba 2 _ teqstis kiTxva (14 wuTi). maswavlebeli teqsts kiTxulobs
pauzebiT. I pauza _ `mTeli sofeli aiyara~, II pauza _ `saxlis win mdgar xeebsac
patronis xeli etyoboda~, III pauza _ `mxolod Citi mofrinda erTxel~, IV pauza
_ isini Tavis enaze esaubrebodnen moxucs, V pauza _ `berikaci kurdRlebs efereboda da Tan Tavis moyvanil kombostos foTlebs uyrida~, VI pauza _ ùTxra
gamomSvidobebisas madlierma moxucma stumars~, VII pauza _ `rodis scioda bajbajas da rodis scxeloda, sul icoda~. TiToeuli pauzis Semdeg moswavleebs
eZlevaT saSualeba, gamoTqvan TavianTi mosazreba siuJetis Semdgomi ganviTarebis Sesaxeb (teqsti unda ganagrZon sakuTari interpretaciiT), mxolod amis Semdeg acnobs maswavlebeli klass avtoriseul variants, msjeloben, daemTxva Tu
ara maTi varaudi teqsts. amas mosdevs moTxrobis nawil-nawil kiTxva da axali
sityva-gamoTqmebis axsna: RiWa _ ekliani balaxi; usieri tye _ gauvali, uRrani
tye; imaslaaTes _ isaubres, ilaparakes; maslaaTi _ saubari, laparaki; Culebi
_ aq, ZonZebi; ukacrieli adgili _ dausaxlebeli adgili; asuldgmulebs _
aZlebinebs; fexi ver moacvlevines _ ver daZres adgilidan, ver waiyvanes. patronis xeli etyoboda _ kargi movlili iyo; gzisken Tvali awydeboda _ sul
gzisken iyureboda.
faqtebze orientirebuli kiTxvebis mixedviT Catardeba gamokrebiTi kiTxvebi (pasuxebs teqstidan amoikiTxaven):
_ ratom aiyara sofeli?
_ ratom ar eTmoboda nasoflari berikacs?
_ rogori saubari gaimarTa Citsa da berikacs Soris?
_ rogor daaimeda kurdRelma berikaci?
_ ra sikeTe gauxsena qorbudam berikacs?
_ amoikiTxeT is adgili, sadac aRwerilia daTunias stumroba.
_ ras ambobdnen mgzavrebi sibraluliT nasoflarze?
60
aqtivoba 3 _ gegmaze muSaoba (8 wuTi):
moswavleebi kiTxuloben teqsts calkeul, azrobrivad dasrulebul monakveTebad da TiToeul maTgans asaTaureben:
_ sicocxle sofelSi
_ soflis gadaqceva nasoflarad
_ berikaci nasoflarSi
_ Citebis stumroba
_ kurdRlebis stumroba
_ qorbudas stumroba
_ daTunias stumroba
_ mgzavrebis sibraluli...
aqtivoba 4 _ teqstis analizi da gaazreba (7 wuTi):
Sinaarsisa da faqtobrivi masalis gaazrebis Semdeg daismis analizze, sinTezze, gamoyenebasa da Sefasebaze orientirebuli kiTxvebi:
_ ratom aiyara xalxi soflidan? (erTs mobezrda soflis Sroma da moisurva wasvla, sxvebmac mas mibaZes).
_ rogor gadaiqca sofeli nasoflarad? saxlebi _ nasaxlarad? (aRar ismoda bavSvebis Jriamuli, Zroxebis bRavili, mamlebis yivili. nasaxlars balaxma
gadauara).
_ ra aZlebinebda moxucs nasoflarSi? (civi wyali, sufTa haeri, mouRleli
Sroma, frinvelebi da cxovelebi...).
_ risi imedi hqonda moxucs? (qalaqidan rodisme vinme Cavidoda).
_ ratom ver tovebda igi nasoflars? (qalaqSi eSinoda usaqmod yofnisa).
_ Tqveni azriT, risi Tqma surs avtors mkiTxvelisTvis? (ar unda Seelio
advilad Sens kerias, sadac dabadebulxar, gazrdilxar... sul sikeTe unda akeTo
da samagiero gadagexdeba...).
aqtivoba 5 _ enobriv masalaze dakvirveba:
a) rTuli sityvebis orTografiaze varjiSi (jgufebSi muSaoba) (3 wuTi):
baraTebze Camowerilia teqstSi mocemuli rTuli sityvebi, zogi SecdomiTaa dawerili, romlebic unda gadaxazon:
baraTi I
gadaxazeT SecdomiT dawerili
Sara-gza
SviliSvili
aremare
beri-kaci
mixveulmoxveuli
kramit-gadaxuruli
baraTi II
gadaxazeT SecdomiT dawerili
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rkini-gza
papaCemi
biZa-Svili
xandaxan
gogobiWebi
yvelaferi
(gadaixazeba: Sara-gza, beri-kaci, mixveulmoxveuli, rkini-gza, kramit-gadaxuruli, biZa-Svili, gogo-biWebi)
moswavleebi gaecnobian aqtivobebis rveulSi mocemul tests da Semoxazaven pasuxs:
berikaci ar wavida qalaqSi imitom, rom
a) ar enatreboda Tavis Svilebi,
b) ar moswonda qalaqSi cxovreba,
g) Zalian uyvarda Tavisi sofeli.
swori pasuxia g).
b) sityvaTa warmoqmna (2 wuTi):
ganagrZeT: nasoflari _ sofeli
nasaxlari _ (saxli)
naqalaqari _ (qalaqi)
nasaydrali _ (saydari)
aqtivoba 7 _ saSinao davaleba (2 wuTi): `nasoflari~
weriTi davaleba # 2 (aqtivobebis rveuli) _ gegmis mixedviT
teqstis mokle Sinaarsis dawera.
Sedegebis kodi: IV3, IV5, IV6, IV7.
II gakveTili
aqtivoba 1 _ saSinao davalebis Semowmeba:
a) gakveTils viwyebT wina gakveTilze micemuli weriTi davalebis _ gegmis mixedviT teqstis mokle Sinaarsis dawera-SemowmebiT (4 wuTi):
dawerils kiTxulobs ramdenime moswavle. msjeloben rogor Seasrules
davaleba. maT mier Semoxazuli pasuxebi (Sefasebebi): a) Zalian kargad; b) kargad;
g) gamiWirda _ daemTxva Tu ara maswavleblis Sefasebas. msjeloben ra ufro
metad gauWirdaT Sinaarsis dawerisas.
b) teqstis Sinaarsis vrclad gadmocema (10 wuTi):
moswavleebi teqstis Sinaarss gadmoscemen jer nawil-nawil, gegmis mixedviT, Semdeg ki mTlianad, Sinaarss gadmoscemen mesame pirSi.
62
msjeloben, ratom hqvia am nawarmoebs `nasoflari~, sworad SeurCia Tu ara
avtorma teqsts saTauri. urCeven sxva saTaursac (`molodini~, ìmedi~, ùkacrieli adgili~, `sikeTe~...)
aqtivoba 2 _ paralelis gavleba Seswavlil nawarmoebebTan (4 wuTi):
`nasoflars~ adareben zRapars `miwas patroni unda~ da moTxrobas `Semodgoma
babua kotesi~. adgenen maT Soris msgavsebasa da gansxvavebas.
`nasoflarSi~ berikaci martodmarto rCeba mTel sofelSi, zRaparSi `miwas patroni unda~ moxuci martodmarto rCeba saxlSi. oriveni Zalian marjveni
arian, orTaves uyvars Tavis sofeli, saxl-kari, pirvels yuradRebas aqceven
mxolod frinvelebi da cxovelebi, meores ki _ mezoblebi, pirveli gascqeris
gzas Svilebis molodinSi, meores ki Svilebi daubrunda.
babua kote da berikaci: oriveni keTilebi, mSromelebi, Tavisi soflisa da
Tavisi keris moyvarulni, amasTan, dardianebi arian. babua kote SeaSina siberem
da Tavisi nebiT wavida qalaqSi, enatreba Tavisi saxl-kari (romelic gayida),
sofeli, axloblebi, ezo-garemo (ver egueba usaqmod yofnas).
berikaci ki ufro Zlieri aRmoCnda, miuxedavad imisa, rom mTeli sofeli
aiyara, nasoflarSi martodmartom gabeda darCena, Sromobs, mxolod frinvelebi da cxovelebi exmaurebian, mas qalaqisaken awydeba Tvalebi, imedi aqvs, `rom
rodesme vinme Camova qalaqidan~.
aqtivoba 3 _ moTxrobis gagrZelebaze muSaoba (3 wuTi) (jgufuri muSaoba):
iseTi mimarTuleba mivceT, rom berikaci gaxarebuli darCes: `xSirad Camodian Svilebi da SviliSvilebi moxucis sanaxavad, ugzavnian werilebs mezoblebi,
bevri sofleli ukan dabrunda sacxovreblad...~
aqtivoba 4 _ martod darCenili berikacisaTvis werilis miweraze muSaoba (wyvilebi) (8 wuTi):
asruleben me-3 davalebas (aqtivobebis rveuli).
aqtivoba 5 _ andazebze muSaoba (3 wuTi):
_ romeli andazaa mocemuli teqstSi? (`Txa Txaze naklebi mgelma SeWama~).
_ Tqveni azriT, Seesabameba Tu ara igi am nawarmoebs? (Seesabameba: erTi gadasaxlda soflidan, mas mibaZa mTelma sofelma...)
_ Tqven romeli andazebi gagaxsenaT am nawarmoebma?
`kargi qeni, qvas dadevi, gaivli da win dagxvdeba~;
`sikeTis Tesli ixarebs, dargo Tund sipsa qvazeda~;
`Citi sadac daibadeba, misi baRdadi is ariso...~.
aqtivoba 6 _ gramatikul masalaze muSaoba _ piris nacvalsaxelebi:
Cven, Tqven, isini (7 wuTi):
maswavleblis davalebiT moswavleebi `nasoflarSi~ moZebnian maTTvis cnobil nacvalsaxelebs: me, Sen, is (igi).
(teqstSi Svidjeraa naxmari es nacvalsaxelebi).
63
maswavlebeli moswavleebs akvirvebs winadadebebze.
`Cven, kurdRlebs, sikeTe ar gvaviwydeba~ _ Tqva kurdRelma.
`Tqven, megobrebi, maZlebinebT am usier tyeSi~ _ uTxra madlierma berikacma stumars.
ìsini (Citebi) Tavis enaze esaubrebian moxucs~.
adgenen: vis gulisxmobs kurdReli sityvaSi `Cven~? (kurdRlebs).
vis gulisxmobs berikaci sityvaSi `Tqven?~ (megobrebs).
vis gulisxmobs avtori sityvaSi ìsini?~ (Citebi).
gamoaqvT daskvna: Cven, Tqven, isini aseve nacvalsaxelebia. roca kaci Tavis
Tavze laparakobs da Tavis TavTan erTad sxvebsac gulisxmobs, ambobs Cven; roca
erTze mets elaparakeba, ambobs Tqven; roca sxvebze laparakobs, ambobs isini.
moswavleebi asaxeleben winadadebebs nacvalsaxelebis Cven, Tqven, isini
gamoyenebiT.
aqtivoba 7 _ gakveTilis Sejameba da Sefaseba (2 wuTi)
aqtivoba 8 _ saSinao davaleba (2 wuTi): `nasoflari~ TxrobiT.
weriTi samuSao: àqtivobebis rveulidan~ davaleba # 4: CasviT winadadebebSi saWiro nacvalsaxelebi.
(pirvel winadadebaSi unda Caisvas Cven; meoreSi _ Tqven, Cven, Tqven; mesameSi _ Cven, isini; meoTxeSi _ isini; mexuTeSi _ isini).
Sedegebis kodi: IV1, IV2, IV4, IV8, IV9, IV12, IV14.
64
hblwfUjmfcjt!nbtbmb
guram doCanaSvilis `xmauriani qalaqi”,
piris nacvalsaxelebi (Temis gagrZeleba)
nj{ofcj
_ gabmuli Txroba
_ martivi saganmanaTleblo informaciebis miwodeba: a) Zvel Tbilisze,
b) niko firosmanze
_ piris nacvalsaxelebis gacnoba
_ piris nacvalsaxelebTan dakavSirebuli martivi stiluri Cvevebis
formireba _ sityvaTganmeorebisaTvis Tavis arideba
brujwpcfcj
_ yofs calkeul nawilebad, adgens gegmas
_ ajamebs martiv saganmanaTleblo informacias niko firosmanis Sesaxeb
_ ecnoba Zveli Tbilisis yofisaTvis damaxasiaTebel leqsikas
_ akvirdeba piris nacvalsaxelebis funqcias da iyenebs maT metyvelebaSi
swori formiT
_ wers
_ muSaobs jgufurad, wyvilebSi, individualurad
I. teqstze muSaoba
1. kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba _ maswavlebeli klass axsenebs II klasSi miRebul
informacias niko firosmanis Sesaxeb. es aqtivoba SeiZleba Sesruldes jgufurad. amave etapze aTvaliereben moswavleebi saxelmZRvaneloSi warmodgenil
niko firosmanis suraTebis reproduqciebs; msjeloben, ZiriTadad ra aris maTze asaxuli...
damatebiTi informaciebi maswavleblisaTvis:
a) firosmanaSvili nikoloz aslanis Ze, daibada sof. mirzaanSi (dedofliswyaros raioni) 1862 wels, gardaicvala TbilisSi 1918 wels. mSoblebis gardacvalebis Semdeg igi TbilisSi
gadmovida sacxovreblad. specialuri samxatvro ganaTleba ar miuRia. 1880-ian wlebSi gaxsna
abrebis saxelosno da Rebulobda SekveTebs abrebis damzadebaze, muSaobda rkinigzaze konduqtorad, vaWrobaSic scada bedi... ZiriTadad Tbilisel vaWrebTan afarebda Tavs, maTi SekveTiT
65
xatavda abrebs, portretebs. mTeli cxovreba Tavi ver daaRwia gaWirvebas. gardaicvala martoobaSi da misi saflavic ki ucnobi darCa. misi Semoqmedebisadmi didi interesi gamoiCines
sikvdilis Semdeg. am saqmeSi didi Rvawli miuZRviT Zmeb zdaneviCebs _ mxatvar kirilsa da poet
ilias; mxatvrebs: dimitri SevardnaZes, lado gudiaSvils, daviT kakabaZes, poet giorgi leoniZes.
gansakuTrebiT gacxovelda interesi misi Semoqmedebisadmi me-20 saukunis 60-iani wlebidan, mis
cxovrebasa da Semoqmedebaze gamoica uamravi wigni rogorc CvenSi, ise sazRvargareT, reJisorma
g. Sengelaiam gadaiRo mis Sesaxeb biografiuli filmi. marjaniSvilis Teatris scenaze daidga
speqtakli `martoobis dResaswauli”, moewyo misi suraTebis gamofena rogorc TbilisSi, ise _
msoflios did qalaqebSi. TbilisSi dadges misi Zegli, sof. mirzaanSi gaixsna misi saxlmuzeumi.
mxatvris Semoqmedebis didi nawili inaxeba saqarTvlos xelovnebis muzeumSi, agreTve _ sazRvargareTis muzeumebsa da kerZo koleqciebSi. firosmanis SemoqmedebaSi didi adgili uWiravs
qeifis scenebs, Tematurad am scenebs enaTesaveba naturmortebi da abrebi, gansakuTrebuli adgili uWiravs Zveli Tbilisis peizaJebs. mkveTri socialuri daxasiaTebiT gamoirCeva firosmanis xelosnebis, meduqneebis, kintoebis, muSebis... portretebi. igi ZiriTadad muSambaze xatavda.
naxatebSi yvelgan igrZnoba, rom mas specialuri samxatvro ganaTleba ar miuRia. misi suraTebis
upirveles Zalas warmoadgens maTi Sinagani simarTle, uSualoba, didi eqspresiuloba, xasiaTis
mkafio gamoxatva...
b) teqstis avtori guram doCanaSvili _ daibada TbilisSi 1939 wels, 1962 wels daamTavra
Tsu istoriis fakulteti, pirveli moTxrobebi: `pirveli koncerti~ da `Tanamgzavri~ gamoaqveyna Jurnal `ciskarSi~ 1961 wels. avtoria moTxrobebis krebulebisa: `nabiji”, `saqme”, `mxiaruli
borcvi”, `samoseli pirveli”... winamdebare nawyveti amoRebulia moTxrobidan `mTvariani Rame _
fiqrebi firosmanze~.
2. teqstis kiTxva _ teqsts moswavleebi kiTxuloben, nawil-nawil kiTxvis procesSi aixsneba sityvebi da gamoTqmebi (ix. `sityvis salaro”), yuradReba
maxvildeba im faqtze, rom axladgacnobili leqsikuri erTeulebis didi nawili
Zveli Tbilisis yofis amsaxvelia (faetoni, kinto, arRani, erdo...), maTi erTi
nawili dRes aRar gamoiyeneba da gaqra Zveli Tbilisis yofasTan erTad.
teqsts yofen calkeul nawilebad da asaTaureben, kiTxuloben gamokrebiT:
a) Zveli Tbilisis quCebi, g) garToba Zvel TbilisSi, g) Zveli Tbiliselebi,
d) mxatvari nikala, e) Tbiliselebi da mxatvari, v) mSobliuri soflis monatreba.
3. teqstis gaazreba_moswavleebi msjeloben, Tu rogor aris aRwerili teqstSi Zveli Tbilisi, Zveli TbilisisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli ra niSnebi
Cans masSi (mravali erovnebisa da adaT-wesis adamiani cxovrobs, quCaSi kinto
ukravs arRanze, viwro quCebSi faetoni daraxraxebs, dgas erdoiani saxlebi, erdoze noxebi da muTaqebia...), rogorebi arian mwerlis TvaliT danaxuli Zveli
Tbiliselebi (erTi azri ara aqvT araferze; uyvarT garToba: aCxubeben yoCebs, aZiZgilaveben mamlebs, saxlebis erdoebze saRamoobiT qalebi ukraven da
cekvaven, xSirad qeifoben; qalaqelebi exmarebian erTmaneTs... ), rogor aris aRwerili nikala (SavebSi Cacmuli, Savi wver-ulvaSiT, uyvars Sav muSambaze xatva,
misi daxatuli adamianebi mudam mowyenilni arian...), raze migvaniSnebs amiT mw66
erali (nikala sevdiania, amitomac uyvars Savi feri da amitomac xatavs mowyenil
adamianebs; uyvars qalaqelebTan yofna, magram mudam Tavisi sofeli enatreba);
rogoria qalaqelebis damokidebuleba nikalasadmi (qalaqelebs Zalian uyvarT
nikala _ xSirad iwveven sufraze, pativs scemen, mwerali mas `qalaqis Svilobils~ uwodebs)... sruldeba davalebebi: # 1 da #2.
moswavleebi wyvilebSi asruleben #3 davalebas (ra vicodi firosmanis
Sesaxeb, ra gavige, ris gageba mainteresebs).
varjiSoben teqstis Sinaarsis gadmocemaze.
I. enobriv masalaze dakvirveba
1.
teqstis gamomsaxvelobiT mxareze dakvirveba _ romeli winadadebebi meordeba teqstSi (`mxatvars qalaqSi siaruli uyvarda~... èh, qalaqelebs
ras gaugebdi!...~), ratom imeorebs am winadadebebs mwerali (rom ufro saintereso
gaxados Txroba; gviCvenos, rom mxatvars uyvars da izidavs qalaqi, magram bolomde ar esmis qalaqelebis...), ra sityvebia gamoyenebuli Zveli Tbilisis aRwerisaTvis...
2. rTuli sityvebis marTlweraze dakvirveba _ stumarTmoyvare, wyalwaRebuli, qudCamofxatuli, TeTrwveriani..._ rogor iwereba es sityvebi (erTad), ratom (maT Soris da kavSiris Casma ar SeiZleba). am sityvebis gamoyenebiT
Sedgeba da dafaze daiwereba winadadebebi.
3. piris nacvalsaxelebze dakvirveba _ sruldeba saxelmZRvanelos 43-e
gv.-ze moTavsebuli davaleba da eZleva gansazRvra, rom me, Cven I piris nacvalsaxelebia; Sen, Tqven _ II piris; is (igi), isini _ III piris. sruldeba davalebebi
#4 da #5.
Sedegebis kodi: IV3, IV4, IV5, IV6, IV7, IV8, IV11, IV13.
67
momdevno masalis _ lado asaTianis leqsis àr vici, ase ram Semayvara~ _
dagegmvas mTlianad maswavlebels vandobT. vTavazobT mxolod damatebiT informacias lado asaTianis Sesaxeb.
damatebiTi informacia maswavleblisaTvis _ asaTiani lado, daibada 1917 wels
quTaisSi, gardaicvala 1943 wels TbilisSi. 1938 w daamTavra quTaisis ped. institutis qarTuli enisa da literaturis fakulteti, pirveli leqsi `Tebervlis dila~ gamoaqveyna quTaisSi
gazeT `stalinelSi~. mis adreul leqsebSive (“lxini kaxelebTan”, `fSauri balada”) gamovlinda
misi poeziis Taviseburebani, rac dakavSirebuli iyo qarTuli xalxuri poeziisa da XIX saukunis
qarTuli klasikuri lirikis tradiciebTan. misi poeziis arsebiTi niSania maJoruli xmovaneba
da erovnul-patriotuli ganwyoba. saqarTvelos istoriis mZafri peripetiebi mis SemoqmedebSi
organulad erwymis Tanamedroveobis erovnul gancdas. naadrevi sikvdilis SiSi, rac gamowveuli iyo misi fizikuri mdgomareobiT, daZleulia sicocxlis Seupovari rwmeniT. mis poezias gansakuTrebul elfers sZens frazis musikaloba, sisadave, azris aforistuli sizuste da wrfeli
artistizmi. misma poeziam udidesi gavlena moaxdina misi Tanatolebisa da momdevno Taobis
qarTveli poetebis Semoqmedebaze. aRsaniSnavia leqsebis cikli firosmanze (òTxi usaTauro”,
`firosmanis duqani”).
68
hblwfUjmfcjt!nbtbmb
nino nakaSiZis `legenda Tbilisze”,
zmnis piri da ricxvi (praqtikulad)
nj{ofcj
_ gabmuli Txroba
_ martivi saganmanaTleblo informaciis miwodeba: a) Tbilisze, b) vaxtang
gorgasalze
_ pirisa da ricxvis mixedviT zmnis formacvlaze dakvirveba (praqtikulad)
brujwpcfcj
_ akeTebs daskvnebs
_ wers
_ eufleba axal leqsikur erTeulebs
_ ajamebs martiv saganmanaTleblo informacias vaxtang gorgaslisa da
Tbilisis Sesaxeb
_ akvirdeba zmnis formacvlis martiv SemTxvevebs
_ iyenebs urTierTSefasebisa da TviTSefasebis formebs
I. teqstze muSaoba
1. kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba _ maswavlebeli klass yofs jgufebad da aZlevs
davalebas _ gaixsenon da Camoweron, ra ician Tbilisis Sesaxeb.
a) Tbilisi: arqeologiuri gaTxrebiT dasturdeba, rom Tbilisi dasaxlebuli adgili yofila jer kidev Cveni welTaRricxvis IV aTaswleulSi. pirveli wyaroseuli moxsenieba ganekuTvneba ax. welTaRricxvis IV saukunis II naxevars, roca am adgilas mefe varaz-bakuris dros cixe
aages. IV saukunis dasasruls Tbilisi sparseli pitiaxSis rezidencia iyo. V saukunis Sua wlebidan igi kvlav qarTlis mefeTa xelSi gadavida. vaxtang gorgasalma Tbilisi aRadgina da gaaSena,
amitomac aris miCneuli igi qalaqis daamarseblad. misma memkvidrem_ daCi I-ma ujarmelma_ VI
saukunis damdegs daamTavra qalaqis zRude-galavnis ageba da, mamis anderZis Tanxmad, sataxto
69
qalaqi mcxeTidan TbilisSi gadmoitana. Tavisi adgilmdebareobis gamo Tbilisi moeqca momijnave
saxelmwifoTa samxedro-strategiuli interesebis sferoSi. VI saukunis bolodan iwyeba mravalsaukunovani brZola TbilisisaTvis. 570-580 wlebSi qalaqs sparselebi flobdnen. 627 wels Tbilisi daarbia bizantia-xazareTis laSqarma; 736-738 wlebSi _ arabTa mTavarsardlma murvan-yrum
(marvan II ibn-muhamadi). amieridan Tbilisi axladwarmoqmnili arabuli saamiros centri xdeba.
883 wels xalifas xelisuflebis ganmtkicebis mizniT igi dalaSqra arabma sardalma buRa Turqma.
1037-1051 wlebSi mefe bagrat IV-m araerTxel scada Tbilisis dakaveba, magram qalaqSi Seqmnili
aramyari politikuri situaciis gamo es SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda. 1068 wels qalaqi Turq-selCukTa
sulTanma alf-arslanma dalaSqra da daikava. 1122 wels qalaqi ucxoelTa batonobisagan daviT
aRmaSenebelma gaaTavisufla da aq gadmoitana gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos dedaqalaqi.
b) vaxtang gorgasali _ qarTlis mefe V saukunis II naxevarSi. ibrZoda iranis uRlidan
qveynis ganTavisuflebisaTvis, mefis xelisuflebis ganmtkicebisaTvis, qveynis centralizaciisaTvis. mis saxels ukavSirdeba mniSvnelovani saeklesio reformis gatareba, kaTalikosobis institutis SemoReba, kidev ufro ganamtkica kavSiri bizantiasTan. Caatara didi saqalaqo
mSenebloba, ganzraxuli hqonda qarTlis dedaqalaqi gadmoetana mcxeTidan TbilisSi, rac
sabolood misma Zem _ daCim _ ganaxorciela. 482 wels moawyo ajanyeba iranelTa winaaRmdeg,
sikvdiliT dasaja iranelebis dasayrdeni qarTlSi _ varsqen pitiaxSi. qveynis damoukideblobisaTvis Tavganwirulma brZolam igi erovnul gmirad aqcia. dasaflavebulia mcxeTaSi, sveticxovlis taZarSi.
g) teqstis avtori nino nakaSiZe (anTaZe) (1872-1963 wlebi), qarTveli sabavSvo mwerali, mas
gamorCeuli adgili uWiravs agreTve qarTuli Jurnalistikis istoriaSic. moRvaweobda `cnobis
furcelSi”, ìveriaSi”, gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis Rirsia misi moRvaweoba sabavSvo Jurnal `nakadulSi~ (1904-1928 wlebi). misi TaosnobiT daarsda agreTve pirveli qarTuli sabavSvo Teatri.
mravalferovania misi Semoqmedebis Tematika: samSoblo, megobroba, humanizmi, didaqtika, buneba... mwerali ar Ralatobs tradiciul normebs bavSvis intelqtualur-esTetikuri aRzrdis Sesaxeb da bolomde icavs Tavisi winamorbedebis (vaJa, akaki, iakob gogebaSvili...) literaturuldidaqtikur principebs.
2. teqstis kiTxva _ teqsts kiTxuloben moswavleebi. nawil-nawil kiTxvis
procesSi aixsneba gaugebari sityvebi da gamoTqmebi, risTvisac gamoiyeneba `sityvis salaro~. (umjobesia teqstis calkeuli Tavis damuSavebas calkeuli saaTi
davuTmoT). teqsti iyofa calkeul nawilebad da klasis aqtiuri monawileobiT
Sedgeba gegma, romelic, sorientaciod, aseT saxes miiRebs:
mzadeba nadirobisaTvis
iremze nadiroba
xoxobze nadiroba
SeSinebuli bazierebi
samkurnalo wyali
mefis gadawyvetileba...
moswavleebi maswavleblis miTiTebiT eZeben da gamokrebiT kiTxuloben
70
teqstSi im adgilebs, sadac aRwerilia: a) mefis patriotizmi, b) mefis humanizmi, g) momavali qalaqis mniSvneloba... am dros SeiZleba gamoviyenoT Cumi
kiTxvac.
4. teqstis analizi _ klasis saerTo ZalebiT gaanalizdeba, rodindeli ambavia teqstSi aRwerili, ratom hqvia am teqsts `legenda Tbilisze”, ras aRniSnavs sityva `legenda~ (rom teqstSi aRwerili ambavi dayrdnobilia ara istoriul
faqtebze, aramed xalxis gadmocemaze, amdenad, SeiZleba, igi arc Seesabamebodes
sinamdviles), vin aris am teqstis mTavri gmiri (vaxtang gorgasali), misi xasiaTis ra Tvisebebi Cans teqstSi (patriotizmi, dakvirvebuloba, strategiuli
niWi, Tavmdabloba...), ra niSnebiT SearCia mefem momavali dedaqalaqisaTvis adgili (igi mtrisaTvis miudgomelia, moqceulia mTebs Soris, `mrisxane cixed daxvdeba samtrod mosuls”, lamazia...). werilobiT sruldeba davalebebi #1 da #2;
wyvilebSi _ davaleba #3. aseve maswavlebelma klass SeiZleba SesTavazos sawer
Temad `ratom daerqva Tbilisi~. weriTi namuSevrebis analizisas gamoiyeneba
urTierTSefasebisa da TviTSefasebis formebi.
5. moswavleebi gabmuli TxrobiT gadmoscemen teqstis Sinaarss.
1. Tematur leqsikaze dakvirveba _ maswavlebeli dafaze Camowers sityvebs: bazieri, mimino, mwevari, Savardeni ... da klass ekiTxeba _ rasTan asocirdeba es sityvebi (nadirobasTan), xom ar gaixseneben nadirobasTan dakavSirebul sxva sityvebsac (aq SeiZleba erTgvari Sejibric Catardes);
2. zmnis formacvlaze dakvirveba _ moswavleebi akvirdebian saxelmZRvanelos 46-e gv.-ze moTavsebul savarjiSos da gamoaqvT daskvna, rom zmna im pirSia,
romeli piris nacvalsaxelic Seewyoba mas. am codnis gamoyenebiT sruldeba
davaleba #4. SeiZleba am mizniT gamoviyenoT sakiTxavi teqstic.
71
hblwfUjmfcjt!nbtbmb
revaz inaniSvilis `Cveni yoCaRi skvinCa”,
I-sa da III pirSi Txroba
nj{ofcj
_ saganTSorisi kavSiri: a) bunebismetyvelebasTan, b) musikasTan
_ gamometyvelebiTi kiTxvis Cvevis gamomuSaveba
_ aRweriTi da mxatvruli teqstebis Seqmna
brujwpcfcj
_ akeTebs daskvnebs da asabuTebs Tavis azrs
_ qmnis martiv dargobriv da mxatvrul teqstebs
_ wers
_ gabmuli TxrobiT gadmoscems wakiTxulis Sinaarss rogorc I, ise III pirSi
_ varjiSobs gamometyvelebiT kiTxvaSi
_ akvirdeba sityvis (am SemTxvevaSi zedsarTavi saxelis) gamomsaxvelobiT
mxares
I. teqstze muSaoba
1 kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba _ am etapis dagegmvas maswavlebels vandobT.
damatebiTi informacia maswavleblisaTvis _ skvinCa, frinveli beRurasnairTa rigisa, mamlis Tavi nacrisferia, zurgi _ yavisferi, aqa-iq mwvane urevia, mkerdi RvinisferwiTelia, dedali ufro bacia. garcelebulia evropaSi, dasavleT aziasa da CrdiloeT afrikaSi.
saqarTveloSi erT-erTi yvelaze mravalricxovani frinvelia, binadrobs yvela tipis tyeSi.
aprilSi debs 2-3 kvercxs, inkubacia grZeldeba 2 kviramde. zogjer meored budobs ivnisSi. ikvebeba mcenareebis mwvane nawilebiT, TeslebiT, mwerebiT. aris kargi mgalobeli.
2. teqstis kiTxva _ teqsts maswavlebeli kiTxulobs gamometyvelebiT
Tavidan bolomde. teqsti emociuria, Seicavs aRweras, msjelobas, dialogs,
72
monologs, amitom kiTxvisas sagangebod unda SevarCioT tempi, intonacia,
logikuri da fsiqologiuri maxvilebi...
teqsts nawil-nawil kiTxuloben moswavleebi. gzadagza, kiTxvis procesSi,
moswavleTa saerTo ZalebiT aixsneba gaugebari leqsikuri erTeulebi (savaraudod aseTi SeiZleba iyos: fanteli _ fifqi, skveri _ patara baRi, ZiZgnida _
aq: wiwknida, Wamda; fexebi azreba _ fexebi eyineba; proTezi _ sxeulis xelovnuri nawili, romelic gakeTebulia dakarguli saTanado bunebrivi nawilis nacvlad...).
moswavleebi asaTaureben teqstis TiToeul monakveTs da adgenen gegmas,
romelic, savaraudod, aseTi SeiZleba iyos (am dros SeiZleba gamoviyenoT Cumi
kiTxva):
dekembris dRe
Sexvedra gogonasTan
calfexa skvinCa
damSvidobeba...
3. teqstis analizi _ gairkveva, weliwadis ra droa aRwerili teqstSi
(zamTris damdegi), rogor aris aRwerili (qariani dRe, muqi Rrublebi, sveli
Tovli, gadamxmari mdeloebi, vercxlisferi naZvi...), rogor arian aRwerili
gamvlelebi (paltoebis sayelo wamouweviaT, saxe Sig CaurgavT, Sinisaken miiCqarian), vin da vin arian am moTxrobis gmirebi (mwerali-mTxrobeli da gogona), maTi
ra Tvisebebi Cans aq (mwerali keTilia, Zalze ebraleba calfexa skvinCa, magram
gogonas amSvidebs, raTa mas amis gamo guli ar etkinos; gogonac aseve keTilia,
is danaRvlianebulia skvinCas mdgomareobis gamo, surs Seumsubuqos mas mdgomareoba, uyris puris namcecebs; Tavaziania _ es misi saubridan da moqcevidan
Cans...); ris Tqma surs mwerals mkiTxvelisaTvis (adamianis sikeTe sul umniSvnelo rameSic ki mJRavndeba); ratom hqvia nawarmoebs `Cveni yoCaRi skvinCa”, xom
ar SeurCeven am teqsts sxva saTaurs; rogori ganwyoba daeufla mwerals mzias
gacnobis Semdeg; ram Seuqmna mas aseTi ganwyoba (gogonas saqcielma, skvinCas
gambedaobam); ratom mounda mwerals wynari, keTili musikis mosmena... (kargi
iqneba, Tu am masalis swavlebas davukavSirebT musikis gakveTils da moswavleebs
mosasmenad SevTavazebT musikas, davakvirvebT, mocemul SemTxvevaSi SeuZlia Tu
ara musikas gadmosces adamianis ganwyoba. rekomendebulia p. Caikovskis `weliwadis dronidan~ `Semodgomis simRera”, an Sesabamisi ganwyobis sxva piesa)...
sruldeba davalebebi: #1, #2 da #3. samive davaleba gulisxmobs dargobrivi da mxatvruli teqstebis Seqmnas. maswavleblis gadasawyvetia, romeli davaleba SeiZleba Sesruldes Sin da romeli _ klasSi.
4. moswavleebi gabmuli TxrobiT gadmoscemen teqstis Sinaarss.
73
a) sityvis gamomsaxvelobiT mxareze dakvirveba _ moswavleebi kiTxuloben teqstis I abzacs da asaxeleben im zedsarTav saxelebs, romlebsac mwerali
dekembris dRis aRwerisaTvis iyenebs (qariani, muqi, civi, sveli, bneli, gadamxmari), avarjiSebs maTi sinonimebis SerCevaze; akvirvebs, ramdenad zustad SeZlo
mweralma amindis aRwerisaTvis zedsarTavi saxelebis SerCeva, TviTon romeli
zedsarTavi saxelebiT aRweren dekembris dRes...
b) sxvadasxva pirSi Txroba _ teqsti dawerilia I pirSi. maswavlebeli klass
axsenebs revaz inaniSvilis sxva moTxrobebsac, romlebic aseve I pirSia dawerili
(`Semodgomis dRe~, `mayvalze~, `wvimasa da mzeSi~...); arkveven, ratom mimarTavs
am xerxs mwerali ase xSirad (ufro zustad da uSualod rom gviTxras Tavisi
saTqmeli), romel nacvalsaxels iyenebs am dros (me _ I piris nacvalsaxels), gadmoscen teqstis Sinaarsi III pirSi da gamoiyenon nacvalsaxeli is (igi). sruldeba
davaleba #4.
momdevno Temebis: murman lebaniZis `suraTi~ da vaJa-fSavelas `saaxalwlo
fiqrebi~ _ dagegmvas mTlianad maswavlebels vandobT.
74
hblwfUjmfcjt!nbtbmb
revaz inaniSvilis `didi zamTari”,
zmnis formacvla piris mixedviT
nj{ofcj
_ teqstis gamomsaxvelobiT mxareze dakvirveba
_ saganTSorisi kavSiri: a) ekologiasTan, b) saxviTsa da gamoyenebiT xelovnebasTan
_ zmnis formacvlaze dakvirveba (romeli piria)
_ orTografiuli Cvevebis formireba
brujwpcfcj
_ avlebs paralelebs bunebismetyvelebis gakveTilebze miRebul informaciasTan
_ asuraTebs teqsts
_ wers
_ iRebs intervius literaturuli personaJisagan
_ akvirdeba zmnis formacvlas piris mixedviT, akeTebs saTanado daskvnebs
_ varjiSobs sxvadasxva pirSi Txrobaze
I. teqstze muSoaba
1. kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba _ es samuSao SeiZleba orgvarad Catardes: a) maswavlebeli klass avalebs gaixsenon revaz inaniSvilis Seswavlili nawarmoebebi
da imsjelon, ra aqvT maT saerTo (sikeTe, adamianis damokidebuleba cocxalsa
da aracocxal bunebasTan...), b) klass misces Tema: àdamiani da tye~ (“tye Seunaxe
Svilebsa”). orive aqtivobas SeiZleba mivceT jgufuri muSaobis saxe.
2. teqstis kiTxva _ moTxroba ikiTxeba Tavidan bolomde. teqsti ZiriTadad aRweriTi xasiaTisaa, msjeloba monologuria, gamometyvelebiTi kiTxvisas
am moments unda mieqces yuradReba.
75
axali leqsikuri erTeulebis axsnisaTvis SeiZleba gamoviyenoT Cumi kiTxva: klass vavalebT waikiTxon teqsti Cumad da moiniSnon gaugebar sityvebi da
gamoTqmebi, romlebic Semdeg klasis aqtiuri monawileobiT aixsneba. `sityvis
salaroSi~ axsnili leqsikuri erTeulebis garda, moswavleebisaTvis, savaraudod, gaugebari SeiZleba aRmoCndes sityvebi: samkauli _ nivTi visime an risame
Sesamkobad, mosarTavad; garinddeba _ gaCumdeba; xorxociT _ xmauriT; gaxuxuli puri _ gacxelebuli, gaficxebuli puri; tyismcveli _ piri, romelic
tyes icavs; burusi _ nisli; SeiSmuSnebian _ Seirxevian....
teqsts moswavleebi kiTxuloben nawil-nawil da adgenen gegmas, romelsac,
savaraudod, aseTi saxe SeiZleba mieces:
Tovliani tye
tyis stumari
keTili maspinZeli
stumris gacileba
xeebis gaoceba...
moswavleebi teqstidan maswavleblis miTiTebiT kiTxuloben calkeul adgilebs (gamokrebiTi kiTxva), gadmoscemen wakiTxulis Sinaarss winaswar Sedgenili gegmis mixedviT.
3. teqstis analizi _ gairkveva: a) rogor aRwers mwerali Tovlian tyes,
ra enobriv saSualebebs iyenebs amisaTvis (xeebi adamianebiviT cocxal arsebebad
arian gamoyvanili _ maT rcxveniaT, ukvirT, iSmuSnebian, samkaulebiT arian morTuli, scivaT...), ratom uwodebs mwerali tyes gaqvavebul samefos (yvelaferi
gayinulia, irgvliv CamiCumi ar ismis), b) rogor aRwers mwerali poetisa da tyis
urTierTobas (poets TiTqos musika esmis, iseTi kmayofilebiT ugdebs yurs raRacas; tkbeba tyis mSvenebiT, amitomac ewvia igi aseT yinvaSi gvian RamiT tyes); g)
rogor aRwers mwerali tyismcvels (jan-RoniT savse, dinji, saxenaTeli kaci...),
d) rogor aRwers mwerali stumar-maspinZlis Sexvedras...
moswavleebi martivad axasiaTeben literturul personaJebs _ poetsa
da tyismcvels, asabuTeben Tavis azrs teqstis mixedviT. sruldeba testuri
davaleba (swori pasuxia g).
klass jgufuri muSaobisaTvis SeiZleba SevTavazoT davaleba _ Seadginon
teqsti saxelwodebiT `Tovliani tyis zRapari”, wyvilebSi sruldeba davaleba
#3, individualurad _ davalebebi #1 da #2.
1. Seswavlil metyvelebis nawilebze dakvirveba _ waikiTxon teqstis
pirveli abzaci da daasaxelon iqidan arsebiTi saxelebi zedsarTavTan erTad;
Secvalon zedsarTavi saxelebi sinonimuri formebiT (didi zamTari _ Tovliani
zamTari; didi Rame _ grZeli Rame; veeberTela mTvare _ uSvelebeli mTvare;
lamazi samkauli _ mSvenieri /Zvirfasi/ samkauli...).
76
2. rTuli sityvebis marTlwera _ moZebnon teqstSi da amoweron rTuli sityvebi, romlebic: a) iwereba erTad (tyismcveli, tyispiri); b) iwereba defisiT
(Tav-piri, stumar-maspinZeli, jan-Rone); daasabuTon, ratom iwereba es sityvebi
ase.
3. zmnis formacvalze dakvirveba _ sruldeba saxelZRvanelos 53-e gv-ze
mocemuli davaleba, romelic iTvaliswinebs piris mixedviT zmnis formacvlaze
dakvirvebas. eZleva daskvna _ zmnas sami piri aqvs: I, II da III. zmna icvleba pirebis
mixedviT. am codnis gamoyenebiT sruldeba amave gverdze mocemuli savarjiSo
_ mocemuli zmnebi cvale pirebis mixedviT. àqtivobebis rveulSi~ sruldeba
davaleba #4.
Sedegebis kodi: IV3, IV4, IV6, IV7, IV8, IV10, IV11, IV13, IV14.
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hblwfUjmfcjt!nbtbmb
giorgi SatberaSvilis `moCxubariZe”; zmnis piri, piris niSnebis
gacnoba (subieqturi piris magaliTze _ terminis gareSe)
nj{ofcj
_ mTavari da aramTavari gmirebis gacnoba
_ moqmedi pirebis martivad daxasiaTeba
_ zmnis piris niSnebis gacnoba (subieqturi piris magaliTze)
_ frazeologizmebze dakvirveba
brujwpcfcj
_ moswavle ecnoba martiv saganmanaTleblo informacias al. yazbegis
Sesaxeb
_ martivad axasiaTebs literaturul personaJebs
_ gamoyofs mTavar da aramTavar gmirebs
_ yofs teqsts nawilebad
_ wers
_ zogadad ecnoba piris niSnebis raobas (subieqturi piris niSnebis
magaliTze _ saTanado terminis gareSe)
I. teqstze muSaoba
a) aleqsandre yazbegi (moCxubariZe) _ daibada 1848 wlis 8 ianvars, gardaicvala 1893 wlis
13 ianvars. yazbegianT gvari warmodgeba CofikaSvilebisagan, romlebic stefanwmindis mouravebi iyvnen. maTi saxl-kari xevSi simdidriTa da SeZlebiT gamoirCeoda. patara sandroc fufunebSi
izrdeboda. sofelSi dauaxlovda igi Tavisi nawarmoebebis momaval gmirebs, romelTa mimarT igi
bavSvobidanve gansakuTrebul siyvaruls iCenda, rac am teqstSiac aris asaxuli. 1859 wels igi
TbilisSi gadmoiyvanes saswavleblad da erT-erT prestiJul saswavlebelSi miabares. ojaxuri
mdgomareobis gamo swavlas Tavi daaneba 1865 wlidan, rasac Zalian ganicdida. 1867 wels umaRlesi ganaTlebis misaRebad gaemgzavra moskovSi, sadac Cairicxa sameurneo akademiaSi Tavisufal
msmenelad, magram usaxsrobis gamo swavlis damTavreba ver SeZlo da 1870 wels dabrunda samSobloSi. 1871 wels igi ubralo mecxvared wavida mTaSi, Tumca hqonda SesaZlebloba, gaekeTebina
kariera. misTvis xalxTan siaxlove warmoadgenda Semoqmedebis wyaros. isic aRsaniSnavia, rom
Tavisi iq yofniT igi bevrad umsubuqebda ubralo moxeveebs yofas. 1879 wlidan gadmodis TbilisSi da aq agrZelebs moRvaweobas. mis SemoqmedebaSi gansakuTrebul adgils ikavebs e. w. `mTis
78
ciklis~ nawarmoebebi. man saocari damajereblobiT dagvixata CvenTvis manamde ucnobi _ moxeveTa _ samyaro. misi Semoqmedebis Tavisebureba ganapiroba mTis ubralo xalxis bunebis kargma
codnam, maTTan siaxlovem.
b) teqstis avtori giorgi SatberaSvili _ 1910-1965 w. 1932 wels daamTavra Tbilisis sax.
universitetis istoriis fakulteti. lit. moRvaweobas iwyebs 1929 wlidan, pirveli poeturi krebuli gamoica 1933 wels. misi SemoqmedebisaTvis damaxasiaTeelia Janrobrivi mravalferovneba.
aRsaniSnavia, rom nayofierad Sromobda sabavSvo literaturis sferoSi, ekuTvnis mravali sabavSvo moTxroba; maT Soris aRsaniSnavia `saTaflia~ da `mtkvris saTavisaken~.
g) Zmadgaficva _ xelovnuri danaTesavebis erT-erTi forma. saqarTveloSi ZiriTadad gavrcelebuli iyo mTielTa Soris. arsebobs Zadgaficvis ramdenime wesi: 1. Zadgaficvis
msurvelebi neka TiTebs gaiWridnen da ise gadaaWdibdnen, rom sisxli erTmaneTSi areuliyo;
2. daWrili TiTebidan gamowurul sisxls wyalSi gaurevdnen da Sesvamdnen; 3. orive piri Zmad
gaificeboda xatSi naTesavebis TandaswrebiT, xevisberi daklavda maT mier moyvanil saklavs,
mis sisxls apkurebda Zmadgaficvis msurvelT da dalocavda; 4. iaraRis vercxlis Semkulobidan
vercxls Cafxekdnen sasmelian TasSi, romelsac orive Zmadnafici Sesvamda. Zmadgaficva SeiZleboda rogorc mamakacebs, ise qalsa da mamakacs Soris. ZmadSeficulebs ekisrebodaT sisxliT naTesavis ufleba-movaleobani (mag. sisxlis aReba...), maT Soris akrZaluli iyo qorwineba...
1. kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba _ maswavlebeli klass uCvenebs al. yazbegis portrets da martivad esaubreba am mwerlis cxovrebisa da Semoqmedebis Sesaxeb. wina
planze wamoiwevs mwerlis bavSvoba, agreTve mecxvareobaSi gatarebuli wlebi,
ramac dasabami misca mis SemoqmedebaSi moxeveTa cxovrebis asaxvas. yuradRebas
amaxvilebs im faqtze,. rom winamdebare teqstSi gamoyvanili bavSvebi (ZiZia, elguja, girgola, maTia, vaJia, koba) SemdgomSi misi nawarmoebebis gmirebad iqcnen.
2. teqstis kiTxva _ teqsts kiTxuloben moswavleebi, am dros aixsneba moswavleTaTvis gaugebari sityvebi da gamoTqmebi, maswavlebeli sagangebo yuradRebas amaxvilebs frazaze `Zmad gaficva~; yuradReba gamaxvildeba im faqtzec,
rom mwerali xSirad iyenebs saliteraturo enisaTvis miuRebel formebs (qalav,
kobav, elgujav, maTiav, girgolav...), rac imiT aixsneba, rom am moTxrobis gmirebi
saqarTvelos erT-erTi mTiani soflis mkvidrni arian da amgvarad metyveleben
(terminebis _ saliteraturo ena da dialeqti _ xseneba am etapze mizanSewonili ar aris). gaanalizdeba, sad aris mdinare Tergi, darialis xeoba, rogor aRwers mwerali maT. nawil-nawil kiTxvis procesSi Sedgeba Sinaarsis gadmosacemi
gegma (davaleba #1), romelic, saorientaciod, aseT saxes miiRebs:
darialis xeoba
patara mecxvareebi
ZiZia da girgola
sandros gabeduleba
Zmad gaficva
dedis rCeva...
moswavleebs eZlevaT SesaZlebloba, gaakeTon arCevani gegmis erT-erT
sakiTxze da werilobiT gadmoscen misi Sinaarsi (davaleba #2), daasabuTon, ratom SeaCeres arCevani maincdamainc am sakiTxze.
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varjiSoben Sinaarsis TanmimdevrobiT gadmocemaze. am muSaobaSi SeiZleba
CavrToT mTeli klasi da TiToeuli nawilis Sinaarsi calk-calke gadmovaceminoT.
3) teqstis analizi _ gairkveva, saqarTvelos romeli kuTxea asaxuli am
teqstSi, vin da vin arian nawarmoebis gmirebi, romelia maT Soris mTavari gmiri,
misi xasiaTis ra Tvisebebi Cans teqstSi (patara sandros ukve aqvs weris niWi _
uyvars buneba da aRwers mis silamazes Tavis rveulSi, dRiurs wers; gulaxdilia _ dedas arafers ar umalavs; Tavmdabalia _ Zmad gaefica ubralo soflel
bavSvebs; gabedulia _ esarCleba Tavisze susts, ar eSinia Tavisze Zlieris; niWieria...), ramdenad Seefereba mis xasiaTs zedmetsaxeli `moCxubariZe”; ratom
misca dedam rCeva _ ebrZola ara muStiT, aramed _ kalmiT; ramdenad swori iyo
dedis mier micemuli rCeva; ra miCniaT misaRebad da ratom, ras Secvlidnen am
nawarmoebSi... SeiZleba es teqsti klass gasagrZeleblad SevTavazoT (jgufebSi
muSaoba).
II. enobriv masalze dakvirveba
1. sxvadasxva pirSi Txroba _ gairkveva, romel pirSia dawerili teqsti (III),
gadmoscen teqstis Sinaarsi ise, TiTqos mas Tavad sandro mogviTxrobs; daakvirdnen, romeli piris nacvalsaxels ìyenebs~ sandro TavisTavze saubrisas...
2. zmnis piris niSnebis gacnoba _ maswavlebli dafaze wers zmnas:
I piri
v-wer
II piri
wer
III piri
wer-s
_ romelia am zmnaSi saerTo, ucvleli nawili? (wer)
_ I pirSi mas ra niSani daerTvis? sad daerTvis?
_ II pirSi Tu daerTvis niSani?
_ III pirSi ra niSani daerTvis? sad daerTvis es niSani?
moswavleebs vavalebT auRlon zmnebi: galobs, xatavs, wveba _ da gamoyon
piris niSnebi.
eZleva daskvna: I piris niSania vv-. igi zmnas TavSi daerTvis, amitom TavsarTia, II pirs niSani ar aqvs, III piris niSnebia -s da -a. isini zmnas boloSi daerTvis,
amitom bolosarTia.
am codnis gamoyenebiT sruldeba davalebebi: #3 da #4.
3. frazeologiuri muSaoba _ davaleba #5.
5.
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aRweriTi teqsti `saidan viciT Cveni qveynis istoria”
(svimon gamsaxurdias mixedviT); zmnis pirTan dakavSirebuli
v-s xmareba uu-sa da oo-s win I pirSi)
marTlweris sakiTxebi (ori v-, vnj{ofcj
_ martivi saganmanaTleblo informaciis miwodeba saqarTvelos
istoriidan
_ am informaciis Sejameba, saTanado daskvnebis gakeTeba da dasabuTeba
_ martivi aRweriTi teqstis kiTxva
_ teqstis analizi, kiTxvisa da weris martivi strategiebis daufleba
_ zmnis pirTan dakavSirebuli orTografiuli sakiTxebis gacnoba,
orTografiuli Cvevebis formireba
brujwpcfcj
_ moswavle ixsenebs da ajamebs im informacias, rac man saqarTvelos
istoriis Sesaxeb icis
_ yofs mas calkeul nawilebad, adgens gegmas
_ avsebs sqemas: ra vicodi, ra gavige, ris gageba msurs
_ wers
_ eufleba orTografiisa da orToepiis sakiTxebs
I. teqstze muSaoba
damatebiTi informacia maswavleblisaTvis: `qarTlis cxovreba~ _ Zveli
qarTuli saistorio Txzulebebis krebuli, feodaluri xanis saqarTvelos istoriis ZiriTadi
wyaro, masSi moipoveba sayuradRebo cnobebi ara mxolod saqarTvelos, aramed kavkasiis sxva
qveynebis (somxeTi, albaneTi, Crdilo kavkasiis), aseve TurqeTisa da iranis Sesaxebac.
gansakuTrebuli wvlili `qarTlis cxovrebis~ SeswavlaSi Seitana iv. javaxiSvilma. wyaroTmcodneobis ZiriTadi sakiTxebis damuSavebasTan erTad man sayuradRebo mosazrebebi
gamoTqva krebulis Sedgenis drois, Sedgenilobis, TandaTanobiT Sevsebis Taobaze; daadgina
calkeul TxzulebaTa moculoba, saTaurebi, daweris dro da avtorTa vinaoba. mis mier SemoTavazebuli pirobiTi sqemis mixedviT, `qarTlis cxovrebis~ Zvel nawilSi Semdegi nawarmoebebi
Sedis: leonti mrovelis `mefeTa cxovreba~ (uZvelesi xanidan V saukunemde), juanSeris `cxovre-
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ba da moqalaqeoba vaxtang gorgaslisa~ (V_VIII saukuneebi), XI saukunis anonimi avtoris `matiane
qarTlisa~ (VIII-XI sauk.), leonti mrovelis `wameba arCilisa~ (XI sauk.), XII saukunis anonimi avtoris `cxovreba mefeT mefe daviTisa”, sumbat daviTis Zis `cxovreba da uwyeba bagrationTa~
(uZvelesi xanidan XI saukunemde), laSa giorgis matiane, Tamaris ori usaxelo istorikosis
Txzulebebi: ìstoriani da azmani SaravandTani”, `cxovreba mefeT mefe Tamarisi”, XIV saukunis
anonimi istorikosis _ JamTaaRmwerlis _ Txzuleba... varaudoben, rom `qarTlis cxovrebis~
Sedgena dawyebula XII saukunis I naxevarSi, Semdeg igi TandaTan ivseboda XV saukunemde. `qarTlis cxovrebis~ uZveles xelnawerad iTvleba me-15 saukunis e. w. anaseuli xelnaweri.
1. kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba _ maswavlebeli klass yofs sam jgufad da aZlevs
davalebas _ Camoweron yvelaferi, rac saqarTvelos istoriis Sesaxeb axsovT
(mefeebi, brZolebi, gmirebi...). moswavleebi msjeloben, ra ician Cveni qveynis
warsulis Sesaxeb, saidan ician (waukiTxavT, gaugiaT, unaxavT kinofilmebSi...),
ramdenad arian darwmunebulni am cnobebis utyuarobaSi, ratom... daasabuTon
Tavisi azri....
amis Semdeg maswavlebeli ajamebs informacias da atarebs Sesaval saubars
saqarTvelos istoriis Seswavlis Sesaxeb, mis mniSvnelobaze, wyaroebze, saidanac
moipoveba es informacia (uZvelesi qronikebi, arqeologiuri gaTxrebi, xelovnebis nimuSebi...), TvalsaCinoebis saxiT SeiZleba gamoiyenos saTanado bukletebic
(qarTuli xelovnebis nimuSebi, uZvelesi qarTuli cixe-simagreebis fotoebi),
wigni `qarTlis cxovreba”...
2. teqstis kiTxva da analzi _ teqsti ar aris maincdamainc didi moculobis, magram gajerebulia informaciiT, amitom umjobesia gavyoT 2 nawilad da
cal-calke davamuSavoT. nawil-nawil kiTxvis procesSi aixsneba gaugebari sityvebi da gamoTqmebi, gaanalizdeba is informacia, romelic TiToeul abzacSia
mocemuli. amgvarad, teqstis damuSavebis gza induqciuria _ nawilidan mTelisaken. teqsts moswavleebi Tavidan bolomde kiTxuloben mxolod mas Semdeg, rac
detalurad gaanalizdeba TiToeuli monakveTi (aq SeiZleba gamoviyenoT Cumi
kiTxva).
nawil-nawil kiTxvis procesSi gairkveva, Tu ra wyaroebia dasaxelebuli
teqstSi saqarTvelos istoriis Sesaswavlad (istorikosebis_ mematianeebis_
Txzulebani, arqeologiuri gaTxrebi, kulturis Zeglebi...), romeli mematianeebi arian teqstSi naxsenebi (leonti mroveli, juanSeri), aixsneba `qarTlis cxovrebis~ raoba, termin `qarTlis~ mniSvneloba XI saukunemde... gairkveva, romeli
kavkasieli tomebi arian naxsenebi teqstSi, am tomebidan romlebi arian dRes
SemorCenilni, vin iyo Targamosi (kavkasieli tomebis winapari), raze metyvelebs
es faqti (leonti mrovelis mixedviT, kavkasieli tomebi erTmaneTs enaTesavebian), ra damsaxureba aqvs mefe farnavazs qarTveli xalxis winaSe (Seqmna qarTuli
mwignobroba, zrunavda qarTuli enis damkvidrebaze), ratom uwodebdnen vaxtang
mefes `gorgasals”... Sedgeba gegma, romelic savaraudod aseT saxes miiRebs:
`qarTlis cxovreba~ saqarTvelos istoriis Sesaxeb
arqeologiuri gaTxrebis mniSvneloba
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mwerali da istoria
Zveli mematianeebis ena
leonti mroveli kavkasielebis Sesaxeb
leonti mroveli mefe farnavazis Sesaxeb
juanSeri vaxtang gorgaslis Sesaxeb
maswavlebeli yuradRebas amaxvilebs frazaze: ìstorikosebis damuSavebul masalas iyeneben mwerlebi~; gaaxsenebs moswavleebs im nawarmoebebs, romlebSic istoriuli faqtebia asaxuli (`mefe mwignobari~, `ruqnadinis damarcxeba~, `cxra Zma xerxeuliZe~, `samasi Tavdadebuli aragveli~...), ixseneben,
ra istoriuli faqtebia aq asaxuli...
sruldeba davalebebi #1 da #2, wyvilebSi sruldeba davaleba #3.
III. enobriv masalaze dakvirveba
zmnis pirTan dakavSirebuli marTlweris sakiTxebi _ ori v-, u-s win v-,
o-s win v_ I pirSi:
dafaze iwereba winadadeba `mematiane varaudobs, rom vaxtang gorgaslis saxeli swored aqedan modis~. yuradReba maxvildeba zmnaze `varaudobs”,
gaanalizdeba, romeli piris formaa (III), ra aris III piris niSani (-s), ra bgeriT
iwyeba zmna (v_ bgeriT), gadaiyvanon es zmna I pirSi da daweron, miaqcion yuradReba, ramdeni v_ iyris Tavs I pirSi, ratom... avarjiSebs maTs warmoTqmaze, avalebs Seadginon da daweron winadadebebi, romlebSic es zmna I pirSi iqneba. aseve
gaanalizdeba zmnebi: varcxnis, vaWrobs, vardeba, ocnebobs, uambobs... maswavlebeli klass avalebs, gadaiyvanon es zmnebi I pirSi, maTi gamoyenebiT Seadginon winadadebebi, daweron dafaze, daakvirdnen, rogor warmoiTqmis da rogor
iwereba es zmnebi. am codnis gamoyenebiT sruldeba davlebebi #4 da #5.
Sedegebis kodi: IV2, IV4, IV5, IV8, IV12, IV14.
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revaz inaniSvilis `loWinSi”;
zmnis ricxvi, pativiscemis mravlobiTi
nj{ofcj
_ martivi saganmanaTleblo informaciis Sejameba daviT aRmaSeneblis Sesaxeb: `ra vicodi, ra gavige, ris gageba mainteresebs”
_ zmnis mravlobiTi ricxvis gacnoba, sametyvelo etiketis daufleba
_ orTografiuli da punqtuaciuri Cvevebis formireba
brujwpcfcj
_ yofs mas calkeul nawilebad
_ wers
_ eufleba axal leqsikur erTeulebs
_ ecnoba rTulfuZiani zedsarTavi saxelebis marTlweras (praqtikulad)
_ ecnoba zmnis ricxvs
_ metyvelebaSi gaazrebulad iyenebs `pativiscemis mravlobiTs”
_ akvirdeba mravalwertilis funqcias
I. teqstze muSaoba
a) daviT aRmaSenebeli, mefe giorgi II-is Ze, mefobda 1089-1125 wlebSi. gamefda 16 wlis.
gadmocemis mixedviT, xalxma Tavad moiTxova Wabukis gamefeba, radgan igi Tavidanve amJRavnebda
did Wkua-gonebas, simxneves, mterTan Seurigeblobas. amitomac misma mamam Tavisi nebiT Tqva taxtze uari, Svili gaamefa, Tavad ki berad aRikveca. Wabuk mefes wilad ergo mtrisagan daqceuli
da ganadgurebuli qveyana. soflebi da qalaqebi daclili iyo mosaxleobisagan, romelic mtris
SiSiT tyeebsa da mTebs afarebda Tavs. pirvel rigSi ymawvilma mefem yma-molaSqreebisa da aznaurebisagan Seqmna jari, romliTac sdevnida Turq-seljukebs qveynis teritoriidan, xels uwyobda mosaxleobis dabrunebas sacxovrebel adgilebSi. 1099 wlidan man Turq-seljukebs Seuwyvita
xarkis micema da sabolood gandevna Cveni qveynidan. mefe Seudga qarTuli miwa-wylis gaerTianebas da amitomac daupirispirda qveynis decentralizaciis mosurne feodalebs. gaauqma kldekaris saerisTavo, daipyro zedazeni, SemoierTa hereTi da kaxeTi.
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daviTi daundobeli iyo moRalate samRvdeloebis mimarTac, romelic xSirad uxeSad ereoda mefis funqciebSi. swored am mizniT moiwvia mefem 1103 wels ruis-urbnisis saeklesio kreba, romelmac alagma Tavgasuli saeklesio feodalebi. manve SemoiRo mwignobarTuxuces-Wyondidelis Tanamdeboba, romelic erTdroulad iyo sasuliero da saero saqmeebis mmarTveli.
daviTma gza gauxsna ganaTlebas. mosaxleobis yvela fenisaTvis daaarsa skolebi, gansakuTrebiT niWierebs ki sazRvargareT gzavnida ganaTlebis misaRebad. Tavisi xarjiT gamarTa
samkurnaloebi, sadac mkurnaloba yvelasaTvis ufaso iyo. xels uwyobda vaWrobis ganviTarebas,
didi RonisZiebebi gaatara samoneto (fulad-sakredito) sistemis gasaumjobeseblad, ganamtkica fulis kursi, gaatara sasamarTlo reforma.
gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis Rirsia aRmaSeneblis mier gatarebuli samxedro reforma,
gardaqmna brZolis taqtika, CrdiloeT kavkasiidan Camoasaxla 40 000-mde yivCayi. maTgan mefem
Seqmna mudmivi jari. swored am samxedro reformis damsaxurebaa didgoris gamarjveba 1121
wels, rodesac damarcxda muslimanTa koaliciuri laSqari. am gamarjvebis Semdeg SemoierTa
man Tbilisi, sadac manamde Turqebi iyvnen gamagrebuli. gaaZliera saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso
avtoriteti, gavlena mezobel qveynebze. 1124 wels SirvanelebTan erTad Sirvanidan gandevna
Turqebi, ufro adre ki _ 1123 wels _ anisidanac.
daviT aRmaSeneblis saxels ukavSirdeba gelaTis taZris mSenebloba, gelaTis akademiis
daarseba. didia misi wvlili qarTuli sasuliero mwerlobis ganviTarebis saqmeSic (`galobani
sinanulisani~).
daviT aRmaSenebeli kavkasiis madlierma xalxebma mefeTa mefed aRiares, eklesiam ki igi
wmindanad Seracxa.
b) loWinis xeoba, mdinare loWini _sacxenisi, mdinare gardabnis raionSi, mtkvris marcxena Senakadi, sigrZe 30 km., sazrdoobs wvimis, Tovlisa da miwisqveSa wylebiT, iyeneben sarwyavad.
1) kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba _ klass vavalebT, gaixsenon ra informacias floben daviT aRmaSeneblis Sesaxeb. moswavleTa pasuxebi Camoiwereba dafaze da
gaanalizdeba. es muSaoba SeiZleba Catardes jgufuradac.
2) teqstis kiTxva da analizi _ moswavleebi kiTxuloben nawil-nawil,
aixsneba gaugebari sityvebi da gamoTqmebi. Semdeg etapze teqstis TiToeuli
nawilisaTvis SeirCeva saTauri da Sedgeba Sinaarsis gadmosacemi gegma, romelic, savaraudod, aseT saxes miiRebs:
mefe _ mwignobari
Turqebi loWinis xeobaSi
mefe daviTis brZaneba
mefe-meomari
Turqebis damarcxeba
Tbilisis dabruneba...
moswavleebi saubroben TiToeuli sakiTxis irgvliv, iSvelieben teqsts.
gairkveva, romeli saukunea aRwerili teqstSi (me-12), ra mdgomareobaSi iyo
im dros saqarTvelo (qveyanaSi Turqebi batonobdnen, Tbilisi maT xelSi iyo,
Zalian agdebulad eqceodnen adgilobriv mosaxleobas, stacebdnen saqonels...),
mefe daviTis ra Tvisebebi Cans am nawarmoebSi (uyvars wignebi, moswons bunebaSi
yofna, magram dros arc maSin kargavs _ kiTxulobs; winaswar awyobs sabrZolo
gegmas, gauazreblad da moumzadebalad ar moqmedebs, es mizani hqonda loWinSi
85
wasvlasac; Seudrekeli da uSiSari meomaria, kargi mxedarTmTavaria...), ram gaaoca mxedrebi (mefis gaufrTxileblobam, Tavganwirvam mterTan brZolaSi...). wyvilebSi sruldeba davaleba #2, individualurad _ davaleba #1.
3. teqstis Sinaarsis gadmocema _ moswavleebi gabmuli TxrobiT gadmoscemen teqstis Sinaarss, yuradReba maxvildeba logikuri TanmimdevrobiT faqtebis
gadmocemaze, III pirSi Txrobaze.
1. mravalwertilis funqciaze dakvirveba _ sad iyenebs mwerali mravalwertils, ratom ar amTavrebs azrs (amas mkiTxvels miandobs), ra sityvebi SeiZleba CavweroT mravalwertilis nacvlad (`Tbilisi ki isev Turqebis xelSi iyo~).
2. rTuli sityvebis marTlwera _ moswavleebi ori sityvis SeerTebiT Rebuloben zedsarTav saxelebs da maTi gamoyenebiT adgenen winadadebebs, ganmartaven, ratom iwereba es zedsarTavi saxelebi erTad _ davaleba #4.
3. zmnis ricxvi, pativiscemis mravlobiTi _ moswavleebi akvirdebian
saxelmZRvanelos me-60 gv-ze mocemul masalas da gamoaqvT daskvna, rom zmnas
arsebiTi saxelis msgavsad aqvs mxolobiTi da mravlobiTi ricxvi. eZeben
teqstSi zmnebs da ajgufeben maT ricxvis mixedviT (davaleba #5). aseve ecnobian
e.w. `pativiscemis mravlobiTs~ da ganmartaven, ra SemTxvevaSi iyeneben mas (roca
ufross, pativsacem pirovnebas esaubrebian). asaxleben saTanado magaliTebsac.
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Semdgomi masalis: ana kalandaZis `fexi damadgiT...~ da zmnis piris niSnebi
_ gacnobas mTlianad maswavlebels vandobT. vawvdiT mxolod damatebiT informacias daviT aRmaSeneblis nawarmoebis _ `galobani sinanulisani~ _ Sesaxeb:
daviT aRmaSeneblis `galobani sinanulisani~ warmoadgens mefe daviT aRmaSeneblis poetur qmnilebas. daiwera misi sicocxlis bolo wlebSi, Sedgeba 9 sagaloblisagan. aq mefe-poeti
gvevlineba sakuTari Tavis umkacres msajulad. masSi gaismis sakuTari Tavis damdablebis motivebi. mefe-poeti Tavis Tavs Cveulebriv codvilad miiCnevs. igi codvilobas xsnis farTo safuZvelze, rogorc adamianis dacilebas RvTaebisagan; Tavis SecodebaTa daxasiaTebisas mimarTavs biblias, sulis winaSe acocxlebs Zveli da axali aRTqmis magaliTebs, CamoTvlis im codvebs,
romlebic kacTa modgmas Caudenia da avlebs paralels sakuTar codvebTan. igi Tavis Tavs codvilTa Soris ucodvilesad saxavs: `me var viTarca ufskruli, Sesakrebeli bilwebiTa RvarTai”,
_ godebs igi. am poeturi qmnilebidan kargad Cans, rom mis cxovrebaSi saZiebelia ara romelime
konkretuli codva, aramed Cadenili Secdomebis SegrZnebis araCveulebrivi unari da maRali
eTikuri mrwamsi. es aris himni adamianze, romelic sakuTari Secdomebisa da codvebis Secnobis
gziT Sinagan ganwmendasa da srulqmnas aRwevs.
misi xasiaTis am Tvisebas ukavSirdeba misi anderZic _ daesaflavebinaT gelaTis monastris
SesasvlelSi. swored mefis anderZi da misi Tavmdabloba aqvs mxedvelobaSi ana kalandaZes, roca
mefis `miuteveb codvasa~ da `maRalTa Tavmdablobaze~ saubrobs.
87
hblwfUjmfcjt!nbtbmb
iakob gogebaSvilis `krwanisis brZola”;
arsebiTi saxelis ricxvi mravlis aRmniSvnel sityvasTan
nj{ofcj
_ istoriuli statiis kiTxva da analizi
_ saganmanaTleblo informaciis miwodeba krwanisis brZolis Sesaxeb
_ am informaciis Sejameba, saTanado daskvnebis gakeTeba, sakuTari azris
dasabuTeba
_ kritikuli azrovnebis ganviTareba, diskusiis xelovnebis daufleba
_ weriTi metyvelebis ganviTareba _ martivi aRweriTi teqstis Seqmna
_ martivi stiluri Cvevebis formireba (arsebiTi saxelisa da zmnis
ricxvSi SeTanxmeba)
brujwpcfcj
_ klasSi ganixilavs sadavo sakiTxebs, eufleba diskusiis xelovnebas
_ wers
_ ecnoba arsebiTi saxelisa da zmnis ricxvSi SeTanxmebis konkretul SemTxvevas
_ eufleba stilur Cvevebs
I. teqstze muSaoba
damatebiTi informacia maswavleblisaTvis: krwanisis brZola gaimarTa 1795
wlis seqtemberSi krwanisis velze qarTl-kaxeTisa da sparseTis laSqars Soris. aRa-mahmad-xanma
saqarTveloze Tavisi batonobis aRdgenis mizniT mefe erekles _ qarTl-kaxeTis gaerTianebuli
samefos mefes _ mosTxova, gaewyvita ruseTTan kavSiri. georgievskis traqtatis (1783 weli) erTguli qarTveli mefe amaod sTxovda ruseTs daxmarebas. ruseTma martodmarto datova erekle II
sparselebis mravalricxovani jaris pirispir. aRa-mahmad-xani 8 seqtembers 35-aTasiani laSqriT
moadga Tbilisis sazRvrebs. ruseTis daxmarebis momlodine mefe erekle mtris jars ramdenadme
moumzadebeli Sexvda. qarTvelTa laSqari 5 aTasamde meomars iTvlida, aqedan 2 aTasi imereTis
samefodan iyo solomon II-is meTaurobiT. qarTvelTa jars sardlobdnen: Tavad erekle II, daviT,
ioane da vaxtang batoniSvilebi, oTar amilaxvari. brZola 9 seqtembers daiwyo. qarTvelebi TavganwirviT ibrZodnen, erTgvar warmatebasac miaRwies da garkveuli periodiT ukanac daaxevines
88
sparselTa laSqars. magram moRalatem mters qarTvelTa simcire Seatyobina da manac 11 seqtembers xelaxla moitana qalaqze ieriSi. jarTan erTad ibrZodnen Tbiliselebic, romelTac sasaxlis msaxiobTa dasis meTauri maCabeli edga saTaveSi. uTanosworo brZola mtris gamarjvebiT
dasrulda. 11 seqtembris dRis II naxevarSi mteri qalaqSi SemoiWra. mosaxleobam quCebSi gaumarTa momxdurs brZola. sparselebma qalaqi jer gaZarcves, Semdeg cecxls misces. mravali aTasi
qarTveli tyved waiyvanes. mosaxleobis didi nawili SimSilisa da gadamdebi sneulebisagan daiRupa. erekle II-m Tavis mxleblebTan erTad qalaqidan gasvla moaswro da mTiuleTs Seafara Tavi.
1. kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba _ maswavlebeli klass Seaxsenebs, ra axsovT saqarTvelos istoriidan, romel gmir mefeebs gaixseneben (faranvazi, vaxtang gorgasali, daviT aRmaSenebeli, Tamar mefe, erekle II...), ra ician am mefeTa moRvaweobis
Sesaxeb... sagangebo yuradRebas amaxvilebs erekle II-ze, im rTul periodze, roca
mas uxdeboda moRvaweoba... moswavleTaTvis gasagebi eniT saubrobs krwanisis
brZolaze, romlic qarTvelTa damarcxebiT dasrulda.
2. teqstis kiTxva da analizi _ moswavleebi nawil-nawil kiTxuloben
teqsts. am dros aixsneba gaugebari sityvebi da gamoTqmebi, TiToeuli azrobrivad dasrulebuli monakveTisaTvis SeirCeva saTauri (gegmis Sedgena). teqstis
damuSavebis gza amjerad induqciuria _ nawilidan mTelisaken. jer damuSavdeba azrobrivad dasrulebuli TiToeuli monakveTi, Semdeg ki _ mTlianad teqsti. daismeba teqstis saanalizo kiTxvebi, gairkveva, romeli istoriuli faqtia
teqstSi aRwerili, romeli istoriuli pirebi arian masSi naxsenebi, ras gulisxmobda ruseTTan dadebuli xelSekruleba, ramdenad Seasrules maT es piroba,
ratom aRmoCnda mefe erekle martodmarto mtris pirispir, qarTvelTa ra Tvisebebi Cans teqstSi, ratom gaxda iZulebuli mefe erekle gaqceuliyo qalaqidan...
sagangebo yuradReba maxvildeba am brZolaSi qarTvelTa damarcxebis gamomwvevi
mizezebis analizze, am dros moswavleebs eZlevaT SesaZlebloba, Tavad gansazRvron es mizezebi da daasabuTon Tavisi azri. es samuSao umjobesia, Sesruldes
jgufurad. moqmedebs principi: yvelas azri misaRebia. maswavlebeli ar ereva
diskusiaSi, cdilobs swori mimarTuleba misces mas, raTa moswavleebi mieCvivnen
ara mxolod sakuTari azris gamoTqmas, aramed sxvis mosmenasac, sxvisi azris pativiscemas... avalebs, Camoweron is kiTxvebi, romlebic am teqstis wakiTxvis Semdeg gauCndaT da ecadon Tavad gascen pasuxi maT.
winaswar Sedgenili gegmis mixedviT gadmoicema teqstis Sinaarsi, sruldeba
davaleba #3.
teqsti aRweriTi xasiaTisaa. gairkveva, Cans Tu ara masSi avtoris pozicia
(Cans _ sparselebs igi mtrebs uwodebs), saidan SeiZleba aeRo mwerals masala
am teqstisaTvis (matianedan, arqeologiuri gaTxrebidan Tu TviTmxilvelTa
monaTxrobidan...), daasabuTon Tavisi azri.
sruldeba #1 da #2 davalebebi.
89
arsebiTi saxelis ricxvi mravlis aRmniSvnel sityvasTan _ davaleba #4.
momdevno ori masalis _ elguja merabiSvilis `krwanisis yayaCo~ da
galaktion tabiZis `mSobliuro Cemo miwav!~ _ dagegmvas mTlianad maswavlebels vandobT.
galaktion tabiZe _ 1891-1959 w., daibada vanis r-n sof. WyviSSi, 8 wlisa Seiyvanes quTaisis
sas. saswavlebelSi, 1908 w. swavla ganagrZo Tbilisis sasuliero seminariaSi, 1911 wlidan cxovrobs quTaisSi, 1919 w daibeWda misi pirveli wigni, 1919 w _ meore krebuli àrtistuli yvavilebi~. 1918 wlidan mkvidrdeba TbilisSi, 1927 w gamovida misi erTtomeuli, 1932 w mieniWa saxalxo
poetis wodeba, 1944 w airCies saq. mecn. akad. namdvil wevrad. Zalian Znelia sityvebiT Seafaso
misi Semoqmedeba. n. dumbaZe werda: `xuTi bednieri saxeli vici me saqarTveloSi _ SoTa, ilia,
akaki, vaJa da galaktioni. galaktionTan Zalian axlos misvla ar SeiZleba. imitom ki ara, rom ver
gaigeb mas... ara srulebiTac ara! imitom, rom moqmed vulkania, Tvlems rogorc lava da RmerTma
uwyis, rodis gaiRviZebs...~
90
hblwfUjmfcjt!nbtbmb
giorgi natroSvili _ òstatis saidumlo~,
zmnis dro (ganmeoreba) (2 sT)
nj{ofcj
_ wakiTxulis gaazreba, Sefaseba, daskvnebis gakeTeba da sakuTari azris
dasabuTeba
_ moqmed pirebTan gasaubreba
_ sxvadasxva droSi Txroba
_ saganTaSorisi kavSiris damyareba (kavSiri maTematikasTan)
_ sinonimebze dakvirveba
brujwpcfcj
_ yofs moTxrobas nawilebad da asaTaurebs
_ gaesaubreba moqmed pirebs (kiTxva _ pasuxi)
_ akvirdeba teqstSi mocemul dialogs
_ gadmoscems wakiTxulis Sinaarss sxvadasxva droSi
_ axdens codnis transfers (maTematikidan enaSi da piruku)
_ akvirdeba msgavsi (sinonimebi) Sinaarsis formebs, marTebulad
iyenebs maT metyvelebaSi.
I gakveTili
dafaze iwereba xalxuri gamonaTqvami: `Tu Sen dakarge fuli _ araferi
dagikargavs, Tu dakarge janmrTeloba _ dagibrundeba, Tu dakarge madli
yvelaferi dagikargavs~ (es gamonaTqvami SeiZleba plakatiTac mivawodoT).
klasi iyofa sam jgufad. TiToeuli jgufi gvTavazobs Tavis mosazrebas gamonaTqvamis irgvliv. aucilebelia am mosazrebis dasabuTeba. moqmedebs
principi: yvelas azri sayuradReboa. maswavlebeli ar ereva moswavleTa pasuxebSi, aZlevs mxolod gezs, raTa sworad warimarTos diskusia da ar miiRos
dapirispirebis xasiaTi. moswavleebi ixseneben magaliTebs cxovrebidan. gansakuTrebiT gamaxvildeba yuradReba `madlis dakargvaze~. am etapze mTavaria ara
mxolod WeSmaritebis Zieba, aramed _ diskusiis xelovnebis TandaTan dauflebac: mosmena, sxvisi azris pativiscema, sakuTari mosazrebebis Camoyalibeba da
dasabuTeba.
91
damatebiTi informacia maswavlebelTaTvis: giorgi natroSvili _ mwerali, kritikosi,
Jurnalisti. daibada (10-XI. 1910 w) sof. zemo maCxaanSi, axl. dedofliswyaros raionSi. daamTavra
Tsu filologiis fakulteti. sxvadasxva dros iyo `literaturuli gazeTis~, Jurnalebis:
`droebis~, `mnaTobis~ _ mTavari redaqtori.
misi pirveli wigni iyo `daviT kldiaSvilis Semoqmedeba~. masve ekuTvnis moTxrobebis krebulebi `dasavleTis frontze~, `winaprebi da Tanamedroveni~, òri saukunis mijnaze~ da sxv. mas
TvalsaCino wvlili miuZRvis qarTuli literaturis kritikasa da literaturaTmcodneobaSi.
giorgi natroSvilis Txzulebebi Targmnilia rusul, somxur, afxazur enebze.
aqtivoba 2 _ teqstis kiTxva (Sinaarsis realizeba) (16 wuTi):
maswavlebeli kiTxulobs teqstis oTx abzacs. (`...ereklem yvelaze ukeTesi
ostati dausaxela _ ise gaasworebs, verc gaigebo~). kiTxvas ganagrZobs kiTxvaSi
gawafuli ramdenime (2-3) moswavle. ganeorebiTi nawil-nawil kiTxvis dros moswavleTa ZalebiT daiZebneba da maTive monawileobiT aixsneba ucnobi sityvebi da
gamoTqmebi: `daqveiTda~, `mouxmo~, `naxelavi~ (ix. sityvis `salaro`. `saxelmZRv. gv. 14). aixsneba agreTve sityvebi: qarqaSi _ xmlis, xanjlis, danis da misT.
bude; xmali _ foladis civi iaraRi, grZeli da wverisken moxrili. tiali _
upatrono, oxeri; ostati _ Tavis saqmis kargad mcodne xelosani. Zvelad maswavlebeli _ aRmzrdeli; mamapapeuli _ mama-papis kuTvnili, mama-papis naqoni.
daakvirdebian sityvas `Sin~ winadadebebSi `mxedari omidan Sin brundeboda~, `...marjvena dauloca da Sin gamoistumra~. (Sin niSnavs sakuTar ojaxSi yofnas, saxlSi ki niSnavs SenobaSi yofnas).
warimarTeba sityvaTa gaTvalsaCinoebaze muSaoba, axlad axsnil ucnob sityvebsa Tu gamoTqmebs sxvadasxva winadadebebSi gamoiyeneben.
tardeba gamokrebiTi kiTxva. maswavleblis mier dasmuli pirveli donis
kiTxvebis pasuxebs moswavleebi teqstidan amoikiTxaven:
_ rogor moeqca mefe erekle axalgazrda mxedars? (`vaJkacoba uqo Wabuks,
marjvena dauloca da Sin gamoistumra~).
_ ra gaukvirda mefes? (`Wabuks brZolis damTavrebis Semdegac xmali SiSvlad eWira, qarqaSSi ar Caego~).
_ ra saubari gaimarTa Wabuksa da ostats Soris? (`Zvirfasi xmalia, mamapapeuli.... agre iyos! _ daeTanxma Wabuki~).
_ rogor gaaswora mWedelma xmali? (`Seatrial-Semoatriala xelSi .....fexisguli daartya~).
_ ratom uTxra Wabuks `Sen SenTvis da me CemTvis~? (ès advili ram yofila...
rogorc gakeTebamde iyo~).
_ ratom daeca Wabuki miwaze gulSeRonebuli? (`gamoarTva biWma xmali...
iTqriala sisxlma Wrilobidan~).
_ rogor izruna ostatma avadmyof Wabukze? (`xmaurze mWedelma gamoixeda
...erTi kvira ar wamoayena loginidan, moarCina~).
_ ratom apatia wyena ostatma Wabuks?
_ ra Sefaseba misca Wabukma ostats? (òstati kacisa marto xeli da Tvali
ki ara, fexic ostati yofilao _ amis Semdeg mecodineba, ra madli gqonia~).
moswavleebi teqsts yofen calkeul nawilebad da asaTaureben (aqtivobebis
rveuli, davaleba #:1).
axalgazrda mxedris sixaruli
92
erekle mefis gakvirveba
meomrisa da mWedlis SeTanxmeba
pirobis SeSla
moulodneli xifaTi
ostatis madli
ostatobis saidumlo
aqtivoba 4 _ orToepiasa da orTografiaze muSaoba (3 wuTi):
daimaxsovre, rogor warmoiTqmis da iwereba: vaJkacoba, brZolis, qarqaSSi, gaasworebs, daqveiTda, gaaswore, mogcem, Seatrial-Semoatriala, daagdo,
daartya, fexisguli, gulSeRonebuli, dedaberi, gareT, jariskaci, gqonia,
advilad.
aqtivoba 5 _ dialogze dakvirveba (2 wuTi):
ramdeni adamianis saubaria teqstSi gadmocemuli (samis: _ mefis, Wabukis,
ostatis...).
aqtivoba 6 _ teqstSi kiTxviTi da Zaxilis winadadebebis amokiTxva (3
wuTi):
_ xmals ratom qarqaSSi ar ageb? (kiTxviTsityviani), _ erTxel dahkari
fexi da amaSi Tumani ginda aiRo? (arakiTxviTsityviani). _ agre iyos! (Tanxmobis
gamomxatveli), aha, Svilo, Sen SenTvis da me CemTvis! (gabrazebis, wyenis gamomxatveli). _ amis Semdeg mecodineba, ra madli gqonia! (madlierebis gamomxatveli) _ magram, aba, scade! (gakvirvebis gamomxatveli).
aqtivoba 7 _ Sejameba (3 wuTi):
moswavleebi ajameben, ra gaiges axali am gakveTilze (gaiges ostatis fasi,
misi saidumlo _ ostati kacis marto xeli da Tvali ki ara, fexic ostati yofila, mixvdnen ra madli hqonia ostats...)
gakveTilis bolos maswavlebeli klasTan erTad afasebs ramdenime moswavles. Sefasebisas iTvaliswinebs Semdeg parametrebs (iyenebs ganmaviTarebeli Sefasebis formebs):
_ praqtikuli muSaoba (organizebuloba, SemoqmedebiToba, masalis floba); msjeloba klasSi (aqtiuroba, partniorTan da jgufTan muSaoba, kiTxvebze adekvaturi pasuxebis gacema); prezentacia (sakuTari azris dasabuTeba),
koreqtuloba.
òstatis saidumlo~. weriTi davaleba #2. gegmis mixedviT teqstis Sinaarsis gadmocema. (àqtivobebis rveuli~).
93
II gakveTili
aqtivoba 1 _ teqstis kiTxva (5 wuTi)
moswavleebi teqsts kiTxuloben rolebad (avtori, mefe, Wabuki, ostati;
radgan avtoris sityvebi vrcelia, amitom avtoris rolSi SeiZleba ori moswavle
gamoviyvanoT). gamoiyeneba kiTxvis yvela saxe. gansakuTrebiT maxvildeba yuradReba gamometyvelebiT kiTxvaze (teqsti dialogis formisaa; amasTan kiTxviTi
da Zaxilis winadadebebis Semcveli).
aqtivoba 2 _ teqstis analizi da Txroba (siRrmiseuli wvdoma) (7 wuTi):
moswavleebi, teqstis Sinaarss gadmoscemen jer maswavleblis damxare kiTxvebis saSualebiT:
_ riT iyo Wabuki mxedari gaxarebuli? (omidan gamarjvebuli da erekle mefis mier dalocvili da Seqebuli brundeboda Sin).
_ ratom eZvira mas mWedlis Sromis gasamrjelo? (mWedlis Sroma advili da
ubralo egona...)
_ rogor darwmunda igi mWedlis ostatobaSi? (roca man fexis erTi dartymiT xmlis gasworeba moindoma, iTqriala sisxlma Wrilobidan, erTi amoikvnesa
Wabukma da gulSeRonebuli daeca miwaze).
_ rogor moeqca mWedeli avadmyof Wabuks?
_ rogor moinania Wabukma Tavisi saqcieli?
...Semdeg ki moswavleebi adre Sedgenili gegmis mixedviT teqstis Sinaars
gadmoscemen gabmuli TxrobiT.
_ axalgazrda jariskacis ra Tvisebebi Cans am teqstSi? (kargi mebrZolia,
magram Zunwi, umaduri, pirobis gamtexi. Tumca bolos ki mixvda simarTles. òstati kacisa marto xeli da Tvali ki ara fexic ostati yofilao...~.
_ mWedlis ra Tvisebebze amaxvilebs mwerali yuradRebas? (ostatobaze, samarTlianobaze, sikeTesa da patiebis unarze)
_ teqstis mixedviT, raSia ostatis saidumlo?
_ Tqveni azriT, ris Tqma surs mwerals mkiTxvelisaTvis?
axalgazrda jariskacisa da mWedlis TiToeul Tvisebas adastureben teqstidan.
aqtivoba 4 _ gasaubreba teqstis erT-erT gmirTan (5 wuTi): (davaleba # 3.
àqtivobebis rveuli~) wyvilebSi muSaoba.
nimuSi: gaesaubrebian, vTqvaT, axalgazrda mxedars.
kiTxva: ratom xarT ase gaxarebuli?
pasuxi: omidan gamarjvebuli Sin vbrundebi, amasTan mefe ereklem vaJkacoba Semiqo da marjvena damiloca.
kiTxva: ratom SeSale piroba mWedelTan?
94
pasuxi: ostatma Zalian advilad, fexisgulis dartymiT gaaswora gamrudebuli xmali. amitom, Cemi azriT, Tumnis nacvlad igi abazs unda dasjereboda.
kiTxva: ra Sefaseba mieci bolos ostatis Sromas?
pasuxi: ostati kacisa marto xeli da Tvali ki ara, fexic ostati yofila,
mivxvdi, ostats ra madli hqonia.
aqtivoba 5 _ saganTaSorisi kavSiri maTematikasTan (2 wuTi):
_ fulis romeli Zveli erTeulebia naxsenebi teqstSi? (Tumani, abazi). _
fulis kidev romel Zvel erTeulebs gaixsenebT? (kapiki, Sauri) _ romelia maT
Soris yvelaze mcire erTeuli? (kapiki) _ yvelaze didi? (Tumani).
_ TumanSi aTi maneTia, maneTSi xuTi abazia. ramdenjer metia Tumani abazze? gamoiangariSeT.
1. _ rodis moxda teqstSi aRwerili ambavi? (warsulSi) _ Txrobisas zmnis
romeli drois formebs iyenebs mwerali? (ZiriTadad iyenebs warsul dros.
gxvdeba zmnebi axlandel (ageb, gTxov, icleba, mipatiebia, gqonia, scade...) da momaval (gaasworeb, gaigebo, mogcem, mecodineba, Sexedav, ityvi, gavakeTebo...) _
droebSic).
moswavleebi teqstSi mocemul ambavs gadmoscemen ise, TiTqos igi axla, saubris momentSi, xdeba. arkveven, zmnis romel drois formebs iyeneben Txrobisas.
(ZiriTadad iyeneben axlandel drois formebs).
2. _ asruleben àqtivobebis rveulSi~ mocemul me-4 davalebas. mocemuli teqsti imgvarad gadaakeTe, rom yvela zmna warsul droSi iyos (sruldeba
zepirad): (dadioda, Sedgeboda, daiyivlebda, gabedavda, autexda, SeebrZoleboda, gaimarTeboda, SeZvreboda, bneldeboda).
3. _ frazeologiuri muSaoba:
amoRebuli xmali _ mudam SemarTulia, mzad aris sabrZolvelad.
Seni xmali da Cemi kiseri! _ (Zv.) rac gsurdes is miyavi.
xmlis triali _ xmlebiT brZola.
moswavleebi asaxeleben winadadebas am frazeologizmebis gamoyenebiT.
4. _ sinonimebze muSaoba
gamrudebuli _ gaRunuli
Zvirfasi _ saukeTeso, mdidruli
SiSveli _ titveli
tirili _ qviTini
Wriloba _ iara
maswavlebeli klass daakvirvebs teqstSi mocemul winadadebebze `xmali
SiSvlad eWira xelSi~, `zed SiSveli fexisguli daartya~. avalebs sityva `SiSveli~ Secvalon sinonimiT `titveli~. winadadebebi aseT saxes miiRebs: `xmali
titvlad eWira xelSi~, `zed titveli fexisguli daartya~. moswavleebi darwmundebian, rom winadadebaSi zogjer sityvis sinonimiT Secvla SeuZlebelia.
95
5. _ zmnaSi v-s win u-s xmareba (marTlweris sakiTxebi) (3 wuTi);
_ gadaiyvaneT pirvel pirSi:
man uqo
me--___(vuqe)
man dauloca
me--______
man uTxra
me--______
man dausaxela
me--______
man uCvena
me--______
man uTxra
me---______
man mouxmo
me--______
man Seuxvia
me--______
aqtivoba 7 _ gakveTilis Sejameba da Sefaseba (3 wuTi).
aqtivoba 8 _ saSinao davaleba (2 wuTi).
ostatis saidumlo _ TxrobiT. weriTi samuSao: davaleba # 5. Seadgine
moTxroba, romelSic yvela zmna momval droSi iqneba. (àqtivobebis rveuli~).
96
hblwfUjmfcjt!nbtbmb
elguja merabiSvili _ `pirveli nabiji~, zmniswini _ misi ZiriTadi
funqcia (moqmedebis mimarTuleba) (3 sT).
nj{ofcj
_ literaturuli personaJebis martivi daxasiaTeba
_ andazis mixedviT moTxrobis Sedgena
_ orToepiisa da orTografiuli Cvevebis gamomuSaveba
_ zmniswinis raobisa da misi ZiriTadi funqciis gacnoba
brujwpcfcj
_ moswavle yofs teqsts azrobrivad dasrulebul monakveTebad, adgens
gegmas, eZebs miTiTebul adgilebs teqstSi
_ avlens Tavis fantazias moTxrobis gagrZelebisas, calkeul
moqmed pirTa Sefasebisas
_ axasiaTebs moqmed pirebs, avlens Tavis damokidebulebas
sxvadasxva adamianuri Tvisebebis mimarT
_ andazis mixedviT adgens martiv teqsts
_ eufleba axal leqsikur erTeulebs da metyvelebaSi iyenebs mas
_ varjiSobs orToepiasa da orTografiaSi, intonaciasa da
punqtuaciaSi...
_ wers
I gakveTili
dafaze iwereba xalxuri leqsis areuli striqonebi, moswavleebs evalebaT
striqonebi daalagon ise, rom leqsis strofi miiRon (wyvilebSi muSaoba):
1. iqiT gorasa Zvras vuzam,
2. SevaCereb da ylaps vuzam.
3. adidebulsa mdinares
4. aqeT gorasa wixlsa vkrav,
(4, 1, 3, 2)
imsjeleben, Tu rogor adamianze migvaniSnebs es leqsi da SeurCeven Sesaferis saTaursac (`trabaxa~, `mkvexara~...)
Catardeba didaqtikuri TamaSi `ra yofila~.
97
klasi gaiyofa jgufad, TiToeul jgufs Camourigdeba baraTebi leqsTa
striqonebiT, romlis mixedviT unda gamoicnon, rogori bavSvia miTiTebuli
personaJi: (jgufuri muSaoba).
I baraTi
Zili uyvars irines
gvian-gvian iRviZebs,
oTaxs ar asufTavebs,
mtveri adevs mis wignebs.
darigeba ar esmis,
arc gawyroma _ muqara;
_ ra yofila?
........... (uqnara)
kaxas aTi vaSli qonda,
erTi vaSli misca rodams,
mxolod erTi amyofina,
ise rogorc uwin.
ra yofila?
............ (Zunwi)
II baraTi
rezo scemda Tinas,
susts da pawawinas,
dainaxa benom,
moarida Tvali
_ ra yofila?
............... (mxdali)
`tyeSi marto nu waxvalo~,
daariga papam uCa.
uCa mainc wayeryetda,
ucnob biliks gahyva kentad,
gzis gagneba gauWirda,
ekal-bardSi gaeba.
ra yofila?
.......... (Tavneba)
III baraTi
soko movkrife bevrio,
badrim qveyana Seyara,
kalaTSi ewyo sul cota,
zemodan neSo eyara.
_ ra yofila?
........... (mkvexara)
mamam naTelas da marTas
miutana aTi bafTa,
marTam Svidi airCia
da TavisTvis dakeca.
_ ra yofila?
.............. (TavkerZa)
IV baraTi
lados suli uwakwakebs
limonaTi swyuria,
naklul Wiqas xels ar axlebs,
mxrebi auwuria.
_ ra yofila?
........... (wunia)
nia qeTos pirSi aqebs,
wamoiwyebs titins.
zurgs ukan mis augs ambobs,
visTanac ki midis!
_ ra yofila?
........... (flidi)
erTgvari Sejibric SeiZleba dawesdes. gaimarjvebs is jgufi, romelic uwin
gamoicnobs, amasTan sxva jgufis baraTebzec vinc met pasuxs gascems.
dafaze daiwereba baraTebis pasuxebi: Zunwi, uqnara, Tavneba, mxdali, TavkerZa, mkvexara, flidi, wunia. daasaxeleben am uaryofiTi Tvisebebis sapirispiro
98
dadebiT Tvisebebs (Zunwi _ keTili, uqnara _ marjve, Tavneba _ damjeri,
mxdali _ mamaci...)
`pirveli nabijis~ pirvel Tavs kiTxulobs 2-3 moswavle. ganmeorebiT,
nawil-nawil kiTxvis dros aanalizeben ucnob sityvebsa da gamoTqmebs: nekeri _
kvirtebiani xis norCi totebi; vaci _ mamali Txa; sawyaloblad _ sawylad, sabralod, sacodavad; xeirianad _ rigianad, kargad. eSvi _ kbili, romelic moTavsebulia saWrel da ZiriTad kbilebs Soris. zog cxovels (mag: taxs, spilos) igi
orive mxares gamoSverili aqvs.
gamokrebiTi kiTxva Catardeba faqtebze orientirebuli kiTxvebiT (pasuxebs teqstSi amoikiTxaven):
_ ra iyvnen erTmaneTisaTvis Taflo da bacia? daadastureT teqstidan (da
da Zma ùkve yvelas eSinia Cemi, droa, faris winamZRoli gavxde~, _ etrabaxeboda
igi Tavis daiko Taflos~).
`_ Cumad, beberma vacma ar gaigos, _ aCumebda gaTavxedebul Zmas Taflo~).
_ ra aris alikapi? (ès iyo nedli tirifis Rero, romelic mwared iCxvliteboda...).
_ rogor axasiaTebs baqia beber vacs? (`beber vacs ukve siaruli aRar SeuZlia... uWirs gzis gagneba~).
_ rogor daexmara beberi vaci wyalSi CaZirul baqias? (`beberi vaci maSinve
im adgilisaken gaeqana, sadac baqia gauCinarda da ZlivZlivobiT amoaTria wylidan~).
orToepiasa da orTografiaze muSaobasac miecema saxaliso forma didaqtikuri TamaSiT `gabmulxar, Cito, maxeSi!~ (jgufuri muSaoba). teqsts kiTxuloben nawil-nawil, jgufis warmomadgenlebi SeamCneven da gaasworeben kiTxvisas
daSvebul Secdomas. iwereba + da _. imarjvebs is jgufi, romelic met +-s daagrovebs. Secdomebi mosalodnelia Semdeg sityvebSi: SeeZina, daarqva, advilad,
dasdevda, metismetad, gavxde, Cumad, saaTobiT, fiqrobs, daagviana, sawyaloblad.
aqtivoba 3 _ teqstis analizi (9 wuTi):
moswavleebi pasuxoben maswavleblis mier dasmul gagebaze, analizze, sinTezze orientirebul kiTxvebs (II-III-IV done).
_ ra niSnebiT SeurCia bebia rusudanma Tiknebs saxelebi? (Taflos dedasTan
msgavsebis mixedviT, bacias ki _ bewvis feris mixedviT...)
_ ratom eridebodnen faraSi bacias? ratom eSinodaT misi? (bacias alikapi
gaukeTes. alikaps ori bolo hqonda, maxvili eSvebiT wingamoSverili, romlebic
mwared iCxvliteboda, amitom eSinodaT da eridebodnen mas).
_ ra Searqves faraSi metsaxelad bacias?
_ rogor fiqrobT, amarTlebda igi am metsaxels? (amarTlebda. radgan bacia Zalze baqia iyo. metismetad didi warmodgena hqonda TavisTavze. ùkve yvelas eSinia Cemi, droa faris winamZRoli gavxde~ _ trabaxobda baqia).
_ ratom ar moswonda bacias faris winamZRoli beberi vaci? (siaruli aRar
SeuZlia, saaTobiT fiqrobs, uWirs gzis gagneba...).
99
_ ra mouvida mouTmenel bacias? (Tavaweulma Setopa wyalSi, CaiZira....).
_ romeli andazebi gagaxsenaT bacias am saqcielma? (`dedis win morbenal
kvics an mgeli SeWams an mglis Svilio~, `rac mogiva, daviTao, yvela Seni TaviTao~.)
moswavleebi teqsts yofen calkeul nawilebad da asaTaureben (jgufebSi
muSaoba), TiToeuli jgufidan moismenen calkeuli nawilis saTaurs, SearCeven
ukeTess da weren dafaze. gegma daaxloebiT aseT saxes miiRebs:
TiknebisaTvis saxelebis Serqmeva
onavari baciasaTvis alikapis gakeTeba
baqiasTvis zedmetsaxelis Serqmeva
baqias gauCinareba wyalSi
aqtivoba 5 _ enobriv masalaze dakvirveba:
a) rTuli sityvebis marTlwera (2 wuTi)
wvercancara, wvergamoSverili, metismetad, winamZRoli, baqibuqa, zedmetsaxelad, Tavaweuli, ZlivZlivobiT.
arkveven, ratom iwereba erTad (marTalia, ori fuZisgan Sedgeba, magram erT
sagans aRniSnavs. SuaSi da kavSiris Casma SeuZlebelia).
b) omonimebze muSaoba (2 wuTi)
teqstSi mocemul winadadebebSi _ ùkve yvelas eSinia Cemi; droa, faris
winamZRoli gavxde~, `baciam mxolod erTxel moaxerxa wylidan Tavis àmoyofa~.
moswavleebi akvirdebian sityvebs `gavxde~ `moaxerxa`. maswavleblis davalebiT
am sityvebs iyeneben winadadebebSi, romlebSic maT gansxvavebuli mniSvneloba
eqnebaT; mag: `bevrs vvarjiSob, minda cota mainc gavxde~. `muSam mors bolo moaxerxa~.
`gavxde~ pirvel winadadebaSi niSnavs raRacis miRwevas, meoreSi ki gaxdomas _ wonaSi daklebas.
`moaxerxa~ pirvel winadadebaSi niSnavs moxerxebas, meoreSi ki moxerxvas.
g) ganagrZeT (2 wuTi):
nimuSi: visac Tavi aqvs aweuli _ Tavaweuli
visac Tavi aqvs daxrili _ (Tavdaxrili)
visac Tavi aqvs gatexili _ (Tavgatexili)
visac Tavi aqvs motvlepili _ (Tavmotvlepili)
visac Tavi aqvs moWrili _ (TavmoWrili.)
moswavleebi ajameben, ra gaiges axali am gakveTilze (ra aris alikapi, romel
Sinaur cxovels ukeTeben da rodis, rodis da ris mixedviT arqmeven zedmetsaxelebs; ra mohyveba daujereblobasa da Tavze metismetad did warmodgenas).
100
gakveTilis bolos maswavlebeli klasTan erTad afasebs ramdenime moswavles. Sefasebisas iTvaliswinebs Semdeg parametrebs.
praqtikuli muSaoba (organizebuloba, SemoqmedebiToba, masalis floba;
b) msjeloba klasSi (aqtiuroba, partniorTan da jgufTan muSaoba, kiTxvebze
adekvaturi pasuxebis gacema); g) prezentacia (sakuTari azris dasabuTeba, koreqtuloba).
`pirveli nabiji~ _ I Tavi TxrobiT. SeurCion saTauri pirvel Tavs (`Taflo
da bacia~, àlikapi~, `trabaxa bacia~, `baqia bacia~...). Sin waikiTxon moTxrobis meore Tavic da mTlian teqstSi moiniSnon (amoiweron) sityvebi, romlebic bacias
damaxasiaTebel Tvisebebze migviTiTebs (baqia, nazbewviani, baci cisferi bewviT
Semosili, onavari, gaTavxedebuli, cerceti).
II gakveTili
aqtivoba 1 _ teqstze muSaoba (`pirveli nabiji~, II Tavi) _ (8 wuTi)
moswavleebi teqsts kiTxuloben rolebad (avtori, deda, bacia, mwyemsi).
radgan avtoris sityvebi bevria, misi wakiTxva SeiZleba davavaloT sam bavSvs.
xelmeored, nawil-nawil kiTxvis dros aixsneba ucnobi sityvebi da gamoTqmebi: cicabo, ZeZvnari, gaexira, revmatizmi, foni, baki, ugvano _ es sityvebi
saxelmZRvaneloSia axsnili, sasurvelia, agreTve aixsnas Semdegi sityvebi:
iribad _ daxrilad, Tavpiris mtvreviT _ Zalian Cqara, kisristexiT. fTila _
gaCeCili an gapentili matylis (bambis ) xelisgulisdena nawili, romelic Semdeg
unda dairTos. xevi _ mdinaris Rrma kalapoti (mTebSi). patara mdinare mTebs
Sua; Wala _ vake adgili (tyiani an utyeo) mdinaris piras. uTavbolo _ uwesrigo, areul-dareuli. zanzalaki _ patara zari.
aqtivoba 2 _ moTxrobis dayofa monakveTebad da dasaTaureba (jgufebSi
muSaoba) (7 wuTi):
nawil-nawil kiTxvis dros TiToeul suraTs warmoadgens TiToeuli jgufi,
mosawoni saTaurebi daiwereba dafaze. gegma daaxloebiT aseT saxes miiRebs:
baqias trabaxi
ZeZvnarSi
bacias avadmyofoba
bacias survili
dedis rCeva
mwyemsis stumroba
axali winamZRoli
101
aqtivoba 3 _ teqstis analizi (siRrmiseuli wvdoma) (11 wuTi):
moswavleebi gamometyvelebiT kiTxuloben teqsts. upasuxeben maswavleblis mier dasmul gagebaze, analizze, sinTezze orientirebul kiTxvebs (II-III-IV
done).
_ rogor ganagrZobda bacia faris winamZRolis beberi vacis lanZRva-ginebas?
_ ra darigebebs iZleoda deda Txa?
_ ramdenad misaRebad geCvenebaT deda Txis rCeva darigebani? daasabuTeT
Tqveni azri.
_ bacias ra Tvisebebi Cans am moTxrobaSi? (trabaxa, ampartavani, Tavxedi,
sulswrafi, cerceti, onavari, daujerebeli, magram bolos inaniebs Tavis Secdomas da swor gadawyvetilebas iRebs _ TiToeul Tvisebas adastureben teqstis mixedviT).
_ rogoria bacia moTxrobis dasawyisSi? (baqia da daujerebeli).
_ moTxrobis bolos? (dakvirvebuli, fiqrobs swori gzis arCevaze, pirveli
nabijis sworad gadadgmaze, swori gadawyvetilebis miRebaze).
_ ram Secvala igi? (mwyemsma igi winamZRolad airCia; baciam igrZno: raki
amxela movaleoba daakisres, uTavbolo kuntruSi aRar SeSvenoda; amasTan _ bacias swor gzaze dayenebas xeli Seuwyo TiToeuli moqmedi piris keTilma ganwyobam mis mimarT).
_ rogor fiqrobT, risi Tqma surs mwerals mkiTxvelisaTvis? (SeiZleba
Secdoma dauSva, mTavaria, Sen TviTon aRiaro da gamoasworo, miiRo swori gadawyvetileba).
upasuxeben aqtivobebis rveulSi mocemul tests:
bacia iyo:
a) didgula da boroti
b) sulswrafi da TavisTavSi zedmetad darwmunebuli
g) amayi da ukareba
(swori pasuxia b)
asruleben àqtivobebis rveulSi~ mocemul pirvel davalebas: Tqveni azriT swori iyo dedis rCeva? (diax, ara). adastureben TavianT azrs.
aqtivoba 4 _ Sinaarsis gadmocema (6 wuTi):
moswavleebi gadmoscemen teqstis Sinaarss winaswari Sedgenili gegmisa da
maswavleblis mier dasmuli kiTxvebis mixedviT.
aqtivoba V _ enobriv masalaze dakvirveba:
a) sityvaTa marTlwera (4 wuTi) (gamoiyeneba teqsti) _ varjiSoben Semdegi
sityvebis marTlwarmoTqmasa da marTlweraze
dafrTxnen, Tav-piris mtvreviT, nazbewvian, fTila-fTilad, amaod, revmatizmi, winamZRoli, miiRebdes, kbilebi, gamocdilia, amindi, Crdiliani,
Wkvianad, niSnad, grZnobda, daakisres, uTavbolo, sxvadasxva, vac-Tikani,
moTminebiT.
102
b) gadaiyvaneT zmnebi pirvel pirSi:(3 wuTi): u-s win v-s wera
eqimma daubara
nimuSi: Zeram gadaufrina
me__________(davubare)
me gadavufrine
winamZRoli urCevs
me___________ (vurCev)
eqimma gauSva
me__________ (gavuSvi)
bebiam mouyvana
me___________(movuyvane)
baqia usmenda
me__________ (vusmendi)
g) andazebze muSaoba (3 wuTi) moTxrobis Sesaferisi andazebis gaxseneba
(`zogi Wiri margebelia~, `dedis win morbenal kvics an mgeli SeWams, an mglis
Svilio~, `rac mogiva, daviTao, yvela Seni TaviTao~. `Seayare kedels cercvi~...)
aqtivoba 6 _ gakvTilis Sejameba da Sefaseba (3 wuTi)
aqtivoba 7 _ saSinao davaleba (2 wuTi): `pirveli nabiji~, II Tavi TxrobiT.
SeurCion saTauri meore Tavs (àxali winamZRoli~, `bacia gamosworda~. `bacias
fiqrebi~...). weriTi samuSao: teqstis mixedviT dawere `zogi Wiri margebelia~
(davaleba #2. aqtivobebis rveuli.).
III gakveTili
aqtivoba 1 _ teqstis Sinaarsis gadmocema da analizi (15 wuTi):
moswavleebi gadmoscemen teqstis Sinaarss. yuradReba eqceva mesame pirSi
Txrobas (teqstSi pirveli piris formiTaa gadmocemuli ZiriTadad bacias sityvebi, xolo meore piris formiT deda Txis, Taflosa da mwyemsis monaTxrobi),
faqtebis logikuri Tanamimdevrobas, orToepiasa da orTografias.
teqstis saanalizod moswavleebi erTmaneTs dausvamen kiTxvebs (wyvilebSi
muSaoba), afaseben SekiTxvebze miRebul pasuxebs. msjeloben bacias uaryofiT
Tvisebebze, ram Seuwyo xeli bacias gamosworebas, riT mTavrdeba moTxroba.
(`fara moTminebiT eloda axali winamZRolis pirvel nabijs~). imsjeleben, gansakuTrebiT ra moewonaT am moTxrobaSi, romeli moqmedi piris saqcielia mosawoni. (mosawonia: Taflo _ igi yovelTvis arigebda gaTavxedebul Zmas, beberi vaci _ miuxedavad imisa, rom bacia mas sul dascinoda, roca bacia wyalSi
gauCinarda, beberi vaci maSinve im adgilisaken gaeqana, sadac baqia gauCinarda,
da ZlivZlivobiT amoaTria wylidan; deda Txa _ mudam swor rCevasa da darigebas aZlevda bacias: bebia rusudani _ eqimi mouyvana bacias, kargad uvlida
avadmyofs; eqimi _ kargad mouara bacias da bebiasac saTanado darigeba misca,
rogor moevlo avadmyofisaTvis; mwyemsi _ winamZRolad SearCia bacia, manve
Seaba yelze zanzalaki). ase rom TiTqmis yvela moqmedi piri exmareboda bacias,
ramac Seuwyo xeli mis gamosworebasa da swor gzaze dayenebas.
103
aqtivoba 2 _ moTxrobis gagrZelebaze muSaoba (10 wuTi):
asruleben àqtivobebis rveulSi~ #3 davalebas _ gaagrZeleT es teqsti
(wyvilebSi muSaoba) weriTi samuSao. (sasurvelia, moTxroba ise gagrZeldes, rom
bacia warmogvidges karg winamZRolad: kmayofili hyavs mTeli fara, iyenebs beberi vacis gamocdilebas da nanobs, rom mas dascinoda da augad moixsenebda).
akvirdebian saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemul winadadebebs:
`bacia gareT ga-varda
bacia kldidan gadmo-varda
bacia ZeZvnarSi Se-varda
bacia ZeZvnaridan gamo-varda
bacia wyalSi Ca-varda~.
arkveven, romelia am winadadebebSi zmnebi (gavarda, gadmovarda, Sevarda,
gamovarda, Cavarda), saidan saiT aris am zmnebSi moqmedeba mimarTuli: `ga-varda~
_ moqmedeba mimarTulia Signidan gareT, `gadmo-varda~ _ zevidan qveviT, `Sevarda~ _ garedan SigniT; `gamo-varda~ _ Signidan gareT, `Ca-varda~ _ zemodan
qvemoT.
aseve arkveven saidan saiT aris moqmedeba mimarTuli zmnebSi a-vida (qvevidan
zeviT), Camo-vida (zemodan qveviT), Se-vida (garedan SigniT), gamo-vida (Signidan
gareT), gada-vida (aqedan iqiT _ dabrkolebis gadalaxviT). adgenen, am zmnebSi
moqmedebis mimarTulebas aRniSnavs TavsarTebi a, Camo, Se, gamo, gada.
amoikiTxaven saTanado wess saxelmZRvaneloSi: zmnis wina nawils, romelic zmnaSi moqmedebis mimarTulebas aRniSnavs, zmniswini ewodeba. ga, Camo-,
Se-, gamo-, gada... zmniswinebia.
avseben sqemas _ zmniswinebis darTviT iReben axal-axal zmnebs:
Se-
mi-
da-
gadaga-
Semo-
dis
amo-
mo-
Ca-
gadmoCamo-
gamo-
a-
akvirdebian da arkveven ra gansxvavebaa maT Soris (aRniSnaven sxvadasxva mimarTulebas).
asruleben aqtivobebis rveulSi mocemul # 4 davalebas: mocemuli teqstidan amoiwere mxolod zmniswiniani zmnebi (pasuxia: Cavyare, Casula, amovyare,
Semojda, movuqnie, gaiqca, moiyvana, wamarTva).
104
aqtivoba 4 _ gakveTilis Sejameba da Sefaseba (5 wuTi)
aqtivoba V _ saSinao davaleba (3 wuTi): `pirveli nabiji~ _ TxrobiT.
weriTi davaleba:
a) àqtivobebis rveulSi~ # 5 davaleba: Seavse gamotovebuli adgilebi
zmniswinebiT (pasuxebia: mi, Se, Ca, amo, ga, gada).
b) `pirveli nabijis~ meore Tavis pirvel da meore abzacidan amowereT
zmniswiniani 7 zmna: (nimuSi: miabakunebda, gadaxta, gaswia, SexvalT, gadaufrina,
miaSures, garbodnen).
105
hblwfUjmfcjt!nbtbmb
`rogor gaCnda Wadraki~ (aRmosavluri Tqmuleba),
frazeologizmebi
nj{ofcj
_ saganTSorisi kavSiri maTematikasTan
_ martivi sakomunikacio teqstis SeTxzva (literaturuli
personaJisaTvis werilis miwera)
_ literturuli personaJebis martivad daxasiaTeba
brujwpcfcj
_ adgens gegmas
_ avlebs paralels maTematikur cnebebTan (mravalniSna ricxvTa klasi,
masis sazomi erTeulebi)
_ ajamebs wakiTxuls, akeTebs daskvnebs, asabuTebs Tavis azrs
_ wers
_ adgens martiv sakomunikacio teqsts
_ varjiSobs mcdarad dawerili formebis gasworebaze
_ eufleba frazeologizmebs, iyenebs maT metyvelebaSi
I. teqstze muSaoba
1. Sesavali saubari _ maswavlebeli klass esaubreba Wadrakze, arkvevs,
ra ician moswavleebma am TamaSis Sesaxeb, Tu icnoben am TamaSis wesebs, Wadrakis
figurebis saxelwodebebs...
informacia maswavleblisaTvis _ Wadraki, inteleqtualuri TamaSi, romelSic organuladaa Serwymuli mecnierebis, xelovnebisa da sportis elementebi, aviTarebs logikur azrovnebas, xels uwyobs yuradRebis koncentracias, TviTkritikis ganviTarebas. Wadrakis partias TamaSobs 2 partniori TeTri da Savi figurebiT 64 ujredian dafaze, romelic dayofilia
muqi da Ria feris ujrebiT. yovel partniors aqvs 8 figura (mefe, lazieri, 2 etli, 2 mxedari, 2
ku) da 8 paiki. yoveli figura (mefis garda) dadis garkveuli wesrigis Sesabamisad da misi ayvana
106
SeiZleba mowinaaRmdegis figuriT. TamaSis mizania mowinaaRmdegis mefis daSamaTeba. es TamaSi
aRmocenda indoeTSi V saukuneSi. Wadraki moxseniebulia Zvel qarTul saistorio wyaroebSi.
CvenSi Wadrakis uZvelesi figurebi daTariRebulia XIII saukuniT. pirveli qarTveli moWadrake,
romelic gavida saerTaSoriso sarbielze, iyo andria dadiani (ekaterine WavWavaZisa da samegrelos mTavris daviT dadianis Svili). 1926 wels moewyo TbilisSi masobrivi turniri, romelSic
600 kaci monawileobda. 1928 wels Catarda vaJTa, xolo 1935 wels _ saqarTvelos qalTa Cempionatebi. qarTuli Wadrakis popularizaciaze gansakuTrebiT imoqmeda msoflios xuTgzis Cempionis nona gafrindaSvilis saerTaSoriso warmatebebma.
2. teqstis kiTxva da analizi _ teqsts nawil-nawil kiTxuloben moswavleebi, gzadagza aixsneba gaugebari sityvebi da gamoTqmebi. amave mizniT moswavleebi ganmeorebiT kiTxuloben teqsts Cumadac. axali leqsikuri erTeulebi
aixsneba `sityvis salaros~ daxmarebiT, aseve _ moswavleTa saerTo ZalebiT.
gairkveva, ris Sesaxeb aris dawerili es teqsti, vin da vin arian misi mTavari moqmedi pirebi (mefe da filosofosi), aramTavari gmirebi (kariskacebi _ vezirebi, sefeqalebi, sasaxlis meWurWleTuxucesi), maTi xasiaTis ra Tvisebebi Cans
am nawarmoebSi (mefe axalgazrdaa, gamoucdeli da TavisTavSi darwmunebuli;
advilad iZleva dapirebebs, sjera Tavisi kariskacebis; filosofosi brZenia,
ar izidavs amqveyniuri simdidre da pativi, SeuZlia mefes uTxras saTqmeli arapirdapir, TamaSis saSualebiT. man SeZlo mefisaTvis Tvalis axela da sakuTari
naklovanebebis danaxveba, amave dros metismetad moxerxebulia; kariskacebi da
sefeqalebi mliqvnelebi arian)... moswavleebi TiToeuli gmiris daxasiaTebisaTvis eZeben saTanado adgilebs teqstSi da amiT asabuTeben Tavis azrs.
gaanalizdeba, ratom iyo mefe metismetad Tavdajerebuli, ra iyo amis mizezi (kariskacTa mliqvneloba, gamoucdeloba, axalgazrduli asaki), rogor SeZlo filosofosma mefisaTvis Tvalis axela, ramdenad gamarTlebulad eCvenebaT misi saqcieli, ratom... rogoria mefe teqstis dasawyisSi, teqstis bolos,
ram ganapiroba misi aseTi cvlileba; ra aris teqstis mTavari saTqmeli, romel
striqonebSia es gadmocemuli... ramdenad ukavSirdeba teqstis bolos mocemuli andaza teqstis saTqmels; ratom hqvia am teqsts `Tqmuleba~, ra igulisxmeba
`TqmulebaSi~ (teqstSi gadmocemuli ambavi SeiZleba ar Seeferebodes sinamdviles); SeeZlo Tu ara mefes, Tavis daexsna mocemuli sityvis Sesrulebisagan
(SeeZlo, Tu Tavad filosofoss sTxovda am marcvlebis daTvlas).
3. saganTSorisi kavSiri maTematikasTan _ mravalniSa ricxvebs am etapze
moswavleebi ukve icnoben, weren am ricxvebs dafaze da aanalizeben erTeulTa,
aTaseulTa klasebs; eZeben teqstSi masis sazom Zvel erTeulebs _ ambari, sawyavi...
4. wakiTxulis gaazreba _Seamowme Seni Tavi (swori pasuxia g) davaleba #1
(a. mefisaTvis mTavari xalxis Tanadgomaa, b. daufiqreblad aravis arafers ar
unda Sehpirde).
5. Sinaarsis gadmocema _ moswavleebi adgenen Sinaarsis gadmosacemad gegmas, romelic daaxloebiT aseT saxes miiRebs:
107
mefis Tavdajerebuloba
filosofosis gadawyvetileba
Wadrakis Seqmna
TamaSSi Caqsovili sibrZne
gasamrjelo filosofosisaTvis
filosofosis vali
am sakiTxebidan moswavleebi arCeven erT-erTs da werilobiT gadmoscemen
mis Sinaarss. unda daasabuTon Tavisi azri, ratom SeaCeres TavianTi arCevani am
sakiTxze. weris damTarebisas afaseben sakuTar codnas (davaleba Sevasrule: a.
Zalian kargad, b. kargad, g. gamiWirda), TviTSefasebas udareben maswavleblis Sefasebas, akeTeben saTando daskvnas.
6. sakumunikacio teqstis Seqmna _ davaleba #3.
1. sinonimebze muSaoba _ pirvel abzacSi gamoyenebulia sami sinonimuri
zedsarTavi saxeli: pirmoTne _ laquca-mliqvneli.
2. frazeologizmebze muSaoba:
a) Tavbru daaxvies _ TavisTavze didi warmodgena Seuqmnes
b) yuri mohkra _ gaigo
g) sagonebelSi Cavarda _ Cafiqrda
d) Tvali auxila _simarTle gaagebina
e) SiSis zari daeca _ Zalian SeSinda
am frazologizmebis gamoyenebiT adgenen winadadebebs.
3. orTografiuli Secdomebis gasworeba _ davaleba #4. (Secdomebia sityvebSi: pir-moTne _ pirmoTne, karis kacebi _ kariskacebi, sefe-qali _ sefeqali, Tav-bru _ Tavbru, daxvia _ daaxvia, erTad erTi _ erTaderTi, dasaydeni
_dasayrdeni, qveSerdomebi _ qveSevrmdomebi, mxoloT _ mxolod, marTveli _
mmarTveli, Zleva mosileba _ Zlevamosileba, Tav-dajerebuli _ Tavdajerebuli, brZenkacebis _ brZenkacebis).
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hblwfUjmfcjt!nbtbmb
`sityvis Zala~, adgilis zmnizeda, Zireuli da warmoqmnili
saxelebi (praqtikulad, terminebis miwodebis gareSe)
nj{ofcj
_ wakiTxulis Sejameba da gaazreba
_kiTxvisa da weris martivi strategiebis daufleba
_ literaturuli personaJebis martivad daxasiaTeba, sakuTari azris
dasabuTeba
_ adgilis zmnizedis gacnoba da masTan dakavSirebuli
orTografiul-stiluri Cvevebis formireba
brujwpcfcj
_ gaiazrebs wakiTxuls da akeTebs saTanado daskvnebs
_ asabuTebs Tavis azrs
_ ixsenebs rTuli sityvebis marTlweras
_ akvirdeba Zireulsa da warmoqmnil saxelebs (saTanado terminebis
miwodebis gareSe)
_ wers
_ ecnoba adgilis zmnizedasa da masTan dakavSirebul
praqtikul sakiTxebs
I. teqstze muSaoba
1. kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba _ maswavlebeli dafaze wers frazas: `sityvis
Zala~ da moswavleebs ekiTxeba, rogor gaiazreben mas. am mizniT SeiZleba klasi davyoT jgufebad, TiToeul jgufs davavaloT, warmoadginos Tavisi azri am
sakiTxis Sesaxeb.
moswavleTa pasuxebis prezentaciis Semdeg keTdeba daskvna _ sityvas zog
SemTxvevaSi ufro didi Zala aqvs, vidre saqmes.
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2. teqstis kiTxva da analizi _ umjobesia teqsti wavakiTxoT moswavleebs
pauzebiT: I pauza: `... romelzec cxenis patrons unda gamoevlo~, II pauza: `damixsen sikvdilisagan~, III pauza: `... cxenis patronma ... dauZaxa matyuaras~, IV pauza
_ `... uTxra cxenis patronma~. TiToeuli pauzis Semdeg moswavleebi gamoTqvamen
varauds moqmedebis Semdgomi ganviTarebis Sesaxeb. TavianT varauds moswavleebi udareben teqstiseul variants. moqmedebs principi: `yvelas azri misaRebia~.
gzadagza `sityvis salaros gamoyenebiT~ da klasis aqtiuri monawileobiT aixsneba gaugebari sityvebi da gamoTqmebi. `sityvis salaroSi~ axsnili leqsikuri
erTeulebis garda, moswavleebisaTvis SeiZleba gaugebari aRmoCndes:
davrdomili _ avadmyofi, SeuZlod myofi
muxlebSi jani ara maqvs _ Rone ar maqvs, siaruli ar SemiZlia
gaikiTxaven _ aq: daexmarebian
teqstis analizisas gairkveva, ra xerxs mimarTa ucxoelma cxenis xelSi
Casagdebad, ratom mimarTa am xerxs, misi xasiaTis ra Tvisebaze metyvelebs es
saqcieli, ratom aRmouCina cxenis patronma mas daxmareba, misi xasiaTis ra Tviseba Cans aqedan, SeeZlo Tu ara mas mocemul SemTxvevaSi sxvagvarad moqceva, ratom iTxova ucxoelma patieba cxenis patronisagan, ram imoqmeda masze ase Zlier
(cxenis patronis sityvebma Tu misma saqcielma), rogor moiqceoda amis Semdeg
ucxoeli... ra aris mTavari am nawarmoebSi: a) cxenis dabruneba, b) cxenis patronis keTilSobileba, g) sakuTari danaSaulis Secnoba da monanieba (swori pasuxia
g). teqstisaTvis sxva daboloebas xom ar moifiqrebdnen, ratom hqvia am teqsts
`sityvis Zala~, SeiZleba Tu ara mas sxva saTauri SevurCioT...
moswavleebi ramdenime sityviT axasiaTeben teqstis gmirebs: a) ucxoels, b)
cxenis patrons (davaleba #1), sakuTari Sexedulebisamebr agrZeleben teqsts
(davaleba #2).
3. teqstis Sinaarsis gadmocema _ teqstis Sinaarss moswavleebi gadmoscemen gabmuli TxrobiT, SeiZleba gamoviyenoT inscenirebac _ rolebad kiTxva:
mTxrobeli, cxenis patroni, ucxoeli.
4. Tavisufal Temaze zepiri Txzulebis Sedgena _ klass vTavazobT
SoTa rusTavelis aforizms: ~gvelsa xvreliT amoiyvans ena tkbilad moubari~,
vavalebT Seqmnan teqsti am aforizmis mixedviT.
1. rTuli sityvebis marTlwera _ dafaze iwereba sityvebi: piri-saxe, xelfexi, lukma-puri, gulkeTili, orguli. moswavleebi aanalizeben, romeli sityva iwereba defisiT, romlebi _ udefisod, ixseneben rTuli sityvebis marTlweris saTando wess, asaxeleben sxva magaliTebsac.
110
2. Zireuli da warmoqmnili saxelebi :
cxeni _ cxenosani
friadi _ friad... (osani)
gvirgvini _ gvirgvin... (osani)
mandili _ mandil... (osani)
frTa _ frT... (osani)
Coxa _ Cox... (osani)
(bolosarTi -osan am sityvebSi aRniSnavs raimes qona-yolas).
3. adgilis zmnizeda _ dafaze iwereba winadadeba: `maspinZelma stumari Sin
miipatiJa~. klass vavalebT, moZebnon am winadadebSi is sityva, romelsac daesmis
kiTxva `sad~? (Sin). gairkveva, ras aRniSnavs igi (moqmedebis adgils), romel sityvas daerTvis (miipatiJa _ zmnas). eZleva daskvna: sityva, romelic daerTvis
zmnas da gviCvenebs, sad xdeba moqmedeba, adgilis zmnizedaa. misi kiTxvaa
sad? (Sin, gareT, zemoT, qvemoT, win, ukan, maRla, dabla...). am codnis gamoyenebT
sruldeba saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli savarjiSo da davalebebi #3 da #4.
momdevno 1 saaTs maswavlebels vutovebT e. w. `Tavisufali~ muSaobisaTvis.
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hblwfUjmfcjt!nbtbmb
sulxan-saba orbelianis igav-arakebi, drois zmnizeda
nj{ofcj
_ literaturuli teqstebis kiTxva da gaazreba
_ sakuTari daskvnebis gakeTeba da dasabuTeba
_ literturis Janrebze (igav-araki, zRapari) dakvirveba
_ mxatvruli teqstis Seqmna andazis mixedviT
_ drois zmnizedisa da masTan dakavSirebuli praqtikuli sakiTxebis gacnoba
_ Seswavlil literturul nawarmoebebTan paralelebis gavleba
brujwpcfcj
_ moswavle kiTxulobs igav-arakebs, akeTebs daskvnebs da asabuTebs
Tavis azrs
_ avlebs paralelebs Seswavlil literturul nawarmoebebTan
_ erTmaneTTan akavSirebs wakiTxul masalasa da andazebs
_ akvirdeba literturuli Janrebis (igav-araki, zRapari) saxeebs, eZebs
maT Soris msgavsebasa da gansxvavebas
_ adgens mxatvrul teqsts andazis mixedviT
_ wers
_ ecnoba drois zmnizedas
_ muSaobs wyvilebSi, jgufurad
I. teqstze muSaoba
1. kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba _ maswavlebeli klass axsenebs wina klasebSi Seswavlil igav-arakebs, yuradRebas amaxvilebs igav-arakis raobaze, im msgavsebasa
da gansxvavebaze, rac igav-araksa da zRapars Soris arsebobs, mokled esaubreba
sulxan-saba orbelianis Sesaxeb.
informacia maswavleblisaTvis:
a) sulxan-saba orbeliani (1658_1725 w.w.), aRorZinebis xanis mwerali, mTargmneli,
leqsikografi, enciklopedisti, politikuri moRvawe. politikuri moRvaweoba daiwyo qarTlis
mefis _ giorgi XI-is _ karze, 1698 wels berad aRikveca daviT garejis monasterSi da iwoda sabad (amiT aixsneba misi ormagi saxeli: erobaSi _ sulxani, berobaSi _ saba). male is kvlav poli-
tikur cxovrebaSi Caeba da vaxtang VI-is uaxloesi mrCeveli gaxda. 1713 wels man diplomatiuri
misiiT imogzaura italiasa da safrangeTSi. 1724 wels vaxtang VI-sTan erTad wavida politikur
emigraciaSi moskovSi da iq gardaicvala kidec 1725 wels. iyo avtori friad sagulisxmo litera-
112
turuli da filologiuri naSromebisa: `sibrZne sicruisa~, `mogzauroba evropaSi~, `qarTuli
leqsikoni~. masve ekuTvnis `qililasa da damanas~ qarTuli Targmanis redaqciac.
b) igav-araki _ mcire zomis leqsi an moTxroba, romelSic ambavi gadmocemulia narTaulad, alegoriebiT. adamianebis garda, mis gmirebad xSirad gvevlinebian cxovelebi, frinvelebi,
mwerebi... Txrobis dasasruls avtori mkiTxvels sTavazobs rCeva-darigebas yofiTs an zneobriv
sakiTxebze. es Janri cnobilia uZvelesi droidan: ezopes (saberZneTi, Zv. welTaRricxvis VI s.),
fedrusis (romi, ax. welTaRricxvis I s.), lafontenis (safrangeTi, XVII s), lesingis (germania, XVIII
s), agreTve induri krebuli `panCatatra~ (III-IV s.s.), romelic saqarTveloSi Semovida sparseTidan
`qililasa da damanas~ saxelwodebiT. qarTul mwerlobaSi igav-arakebi ZvelTaganve damkvidrda,
gvaqvs rogorc originaluri, ise naTargmni igav-arakebi. isini `vefxistyaosanSic~ uxvad aris
CarTuli. saqarTveloSi am Janris popularizaciaSi udidesi wvlili Seitana sulxan-saba orbelianma, romelic Tavis krebulSi `sibrZne sicruisa~ iyenebs rogorc Targmnil, ise originalur
igav-arakebsac.
g) zRapari _ zepirsityvierebis erT-erTi Janri, umetesad prozauli saxis, jadosnuri,
saTavgadasavlo an yofiTi xasiaTis. jadosnur zRaprebs igav-arakebTan amsgavsebs is, rom aqac
moqmedi pirebi cxovelebi an frinvelebi arian, magram igav-arakebisagan gansxvavebiT, zRaparSi
cxovelebi da frinvelebi adamianis alegoriuli gamoxatulebani ar arian, arc rCeva-darigebas
sTavzobs igi mkiTxvels.
2. teqstis kiTxva da analizi _ teqsts moswavleebi kiTxuloben Tavidan
bolomde. (Tavad maswavlebels vandobT imis gadawyvetas, ramdeni igavi daamuSavos erT gakveTilze). kiTxvis procesSi aixsneba axali sityvebi da gamoTqmebi.
TiToeuli igavis wakiTxvis Semdeg moswavleebi aanalizeben, risi Tqma surs mwerals, ra Sefaruli darigebaa TiToeul igav-arakSi, moZebnon da waikiTxon teqstidan is adgilebi, sadac mwerlis saTqmeli yvelaze naTlad ikiTxeba, avleben
paralelebs adre Seswavlil igav-arakebTan, msjeloben, ra aqvT maT saerTo;
aseve avleben paralels wina gakveTilze Seswavlil xalxur Tqmulebas `sityvis
Zalasa~ da `xalifasa da arabs~, èniT dakodils~ Soris (aq msgavseba SeiZleba
moviZioT rogorc siuJetebs, ise mwerlis saTqmels Soris); gaanalizdeba, ra
aris mTavari am igav-arakebSi (`Seamowme Seni Tavi~ _ swori pasuxebia: 1b, 2a,
3a); moswavleebi asabuTeben Tavis azrs (davaleba #1), ixseneben andazebs, romlebic, maTi azriT, Seefereba wakiTxul teqstebs (`kargi hqeni, qvaze dade, gaiare, win dagxvdeba~, `sxvas nu gaukeTeb avs da avisac nu geSinia~, `rac ar gergeba, ar Segergeba,~, `xmalze ufri Zlierad Wris patara da lbili ena~, `Cveuleba
rjulze umtkicesiao~, `rasac dasTes, imas moimki~...); zepirad asabuTeben maTs
Sesabamisobas wakiTxul teqstebTan, Semdeg erT-erTi andazis mixedviT adgenen
da weren teqsts (davaleba #3); TxrobiT gadmoscemen TiToeuli igav-arakis Sinaarss.
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drois zmnizeda _ dafaze iwereba winadadeba: `guSin Tan araferi mqonda
wamoRebuli, axla ki es cxeni ukan mogiyvaneT~._ gairkveva, am winadadebSi romel
sityvebs daesmis kiTxva rodis? (guSin, axla). eZleva daskvna _ sityva, romelic
axlavs zmnas da gviCvenebs rodis xdeba moqmedeba, adgilis zmnizedaa. guSin,
axla _ adgilis zmnizedebia. aseve gaanalizdeba winadadebebi: `dRes mercxali Semofrinda~, `Zvelad indoeTs gamoucdeli mefe marTavda~, `winaT aq mefis
sasaxle iyo~. gairkveva, rom aq drois zmnizedebia: `dRes~, `Zvelad~, `winaT~. eZeben Seswavlil teqstSi drois sxva zmnizedebsac: Semdeg, maSin, erTxel, gverdze,
erT dRes... werilobiT sruldeba davaleba #4.
114
hblwfUjmfcjt!nbtbmb
giorgi SatberaSvilis `dinozavris nakvalevze~(nawyveti
moTxrobidan `saTaflia~), viTarebis zmnizeda da
masTan dakavSirebuli praqtikuli sakiTxebi
nj{ofcj
_ aRweriTi teqstis kiTxva da analizi
_ saganTSorisi kavSiri bunebismcodneobasTan
_ teqstis Sinaarsis gadmocema gabmuli TxrobiT
_ mocemul Temebze martivi aRweriTi da mxatvruli teqstebis Seqmna
_ saganmanaTleblo informaciis Sejameba: ra vicodi dinozavrebis
Sesaxeb, ra gavige, ris gageba mainteresebs
_ viTarebis zmnizedasTan dakavSirebuli praqtikuli sakiTxebis
gacnoba
brujwpcfcj
_ moswavle kiTxulobs da aanalizebs aRweriT teqsts
_ ajamebs miRebul informacias
_ avlebs paralelebs bunebismetyvelebis gakveTilebze miRebul
informaciasTan
_ wers, agebs martiv aRweriT da mxatvrul teqstebs
_ ecnoba da metyvelebaSi marTebulad iyenebs viTarebis zmnizedas,
eufleba masTan dakavSirebul praqtikuli stilistikisa da
orTografiis sakiTxebs
I. teqstze muSaoba
1. kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba _ am etapis dagegmva sxvadasxvanairad SeiZleba
moxdes:
a) moswavleebi gaixsneben ra ician bunebismcodneobis gakveTilebidan qvewarmavlebis klasis Sesaxeb, b) aTvaliereben dinozavris suraTs da msjeloben
mis Sesaxeb (rodis cxovrobda, riT ikebeboda...), g) Tu amis saSualebaa, es gakveTili, SeiZleba daukavSirdes eqskursias saTaflias gamoqvabulSi.
115
informacia maswavleblisaTvis:
a) carculi periodi daiwyo 135-137 milioni wlis win da grZeldeboda daaxloebiT 70 mln.
weli. am dros xerxemlianTa faunaSi gavrcelebulni iyvnen dinozavrebi, romlebic amowydnen
carculi periodis damTavrebisTanave. carculi periodis naleqebi aRmoCenilia yvela kontinentze.
b) saTaflia _ mRvime quTaisis maxloblad, samguralis seris maxloblad, derefnis tipisaa, aqvs ganStoebebi da darbazebi, misi saerTo sigrZe 900 metrs aRwevs, maqsimaluri simaRle
10 m-ia, sigane _ 12 m. aqve miedineba mdinare oRaskura, romelic gamosavals poulobs samguralis
seris samxreTiT. haerisa da wylis temperatura aq wlis ganmavlobaSi 12-13 gradusia. aRmoaCina
pedagog-mxareTmcodnem petre Wabukianma. aqve, mRvimis SesasvlelTan, aRmoCenilia mtacebeli
da balaxiWamia dinozavrebis 200-mde nakvalevi.
2. teqstis kiTxva da analizi _ teqsts moswavleebi kiTxuloben nawilnawil, teqstis damuSavebis gza induqciuria _ nawilidan mTelisaken. kiTxvis procesSi gaanalizdeba azrobrivad dasrulebuli TiToeuli monakveTis
leqsika, Sinaarsi, informacia; Sedgeba gegma, romelic daaxloebiT aseT saxes
miiRebs:
biWebis sixaruli
mogzauroba saTafliisaken
dinozavrebis nakvalevi
biWebis gaoceba
dinozavris suraTi
ra daemarTaT dinozavrebs
gaqvavebuli zRvis napiri
gansxvavebuli naterfalebi...
gairkveva, rodis cxovrobdnen dinozavrebi, riT ikvebebodnen, rogor gamoiyurebodnen isini, rogor gadaSendnen, rogori iyo kavkasia am periodSi, ras
uwodeben am periods, ratom da rogor datoves dinozavrebma nakvalevi saTafliis gamoqvabulTan, ratom aris es nakvalevebi sxvadasxva zomis, ris safuZvelze swavloben amJamad mecnierebi am cxovelebs... (moswavleebi kiTxuloben
saTanado adgilebs teqstidan); Semdeg ki ajameben miRebul informacias da wyvilebSi asruleben #3 davalebas.
teqstis mixedviT aRweren: a) dinozavrs, b) uZveles kavkasias (davaleba #1).
adgenen martiv teqsts `mogzauroba saTafliisaken~ (davaleba #4).
3. teqstis Sinaarsis gadmocema _ moswavleebi TanmimdevrobiT gadmoscemn
teqstis Sinaarss gegmis TiToeuli sakiTxis mixedviT.
116
a) punqtuaciasa da intonaciaze varjiSi _ maswavlebeli klass akvirvebs
winadadebaze:
`_ ki magram... _ daiwyo elgujam, magram papa petrem gaawyvetina~.
_ Tqveni azriT, ratom aris aq naxmari mravalwertili? ris kiTxva surda
elgujas? rogor daamTavrebT am winadadebas? mravalwertiliT raze migvaniSnebs aq mwerali?
_ moZebneT teqstSi a) kiTxviTi winadadebebi, b) Zaxilis winadadebebi, b) brZanebiTi winadadebebi da waikiTxeT isini saTanado intonaciiT.
b) viTarebis zmnizeda _ dafaze iwereba winadadeba `maT win kolxeTis veli
Tavlwarmtacad moCanda~.
_ romel sityvas daesmis aq kiTxva `rogor~? romel sityvas daerTvis igi?
ras aRniSnavs?
eZleva daskvna: sityva, romelic daerTvis zmnas da gviCvenebs rogor
xdeba moqmedeba, viTarebis zmnizedaa. misi kiTsvaa rogor? Tvalwarmtacad viTarebis zmnizedaa.
am codnis gamoyenebiT sruldeba saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli davaleba,
agreTve àqtivobebis rveulSi~ mocemuli #4, #5 da #6 davalebebi. #4 davalebaSi yuradReba maxvildeba sityvaTa myar Sexamebebze (calybad moikiTxa, calybad dapatiJa; mkvaxed upasuxa, mkvaxed Tqva; yasidad gabrazda, yasidad gaicina),
aixsneba am frazeologizmebis mniSvnelobebi da maTi gamoyenebiT Sedgeba winadadebebi.
117
hblwfUjmfcjt!nbtbmb
guram petriaSvilis `patara dinozavrebi~, zmnizeda
nj{ofcj
_ literaturuli zRapris kiTxva da analizi
_ wakiTxulis gazreba, saTando daskvnebis gakeTeba da dasabuTeba
_ gabmuli Txroba
_ zmnizedis funqciaze dakvirveba, maTi marTlwera
brujwpcfcj
_ moswavle kiTxulobs da aanalizebs literaturul zRapars
_ avlebs paralelebs xalxur zRaparTan, akvirdeba im msgavsebasa da
gansxvavebas, rac maT Soris arsebobs
_ avlebs paralels wina gakveTilze Seswavlil nawarmoebTan da
akeTebs saTanado daskvnebs
_ afasebs wakiTxuls, gamoxatavs Tavis azrs
_ martivad axasiaTebs literturul personaJebs
_ Txrobisas iyenebs axladSeswavlil leqsikur erTeulebs
_ wers
_ qmnis martiv teqsts
I. teqstze muSaoba
1. Sesavali saubari _ maswavlebeli klass Seaxsenebs, ra aris zRapari,
rogor iwyeba da mTavrdeba qarTuli xalxuri zRaprebis umravlesoba (ìyo da
ara iyo ra~... `Wiri iqa, lxini aqa~...), ra aris zRaprebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
(masSi moTxrobilia daujerebeli ambavi, xSirad cxovelebi da frinvelebi arian mTavari gmirebi, mimdinareobs brZola keTilsa da borots Soris, yovelTvis
imarjvebs keTili); esaubreba literaturul zRaparze; gaarkvevs, romeli avtorebis zRaparebs icnoben mTel msoflioSi (Zmebi grimebi, Sarl pero, astrid
lingreni...), riT hgavs literturuli da xalxuri zRaprebi erTmaneTs, riT gansxvavdeba (literaturul zRapars aucileblad hyavs avtori, igi mxolod werilobiTi saxiT arsebobs; xalxuri zRaprebi ki ucnobi avtoris mier aris Seqmnili
da zepirad gadaecema Taobidan Taobas, ra drosac masSi garkveuli cvlilebebi
Sedis).
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2. teqstis kiTxva _ teqsti ikiTxeba Tavidan bolomde, SeiZleba gamoviyenoT pauzebiT kiTxvac. pauzas maswavlebeli akeTebs azrobrivad dasrulebul
monakveTebTan da moswavleebs aZlevs SesaZleblobas, gamoTqvan varaudi movlenaTa Semdgomi ganviTarebis Sesaxeb. gzadagza aixsneba gaugebari sityvebi da
gamoTqmebi. garda `sityvis salaroSi~ axsnili leqsikuri erTeulebisa, moswavleebisaTvis SeiZleba gaugebari aRmoCndes Semdegi sityvebi da gamoTqmebi:
Tavzesayrelad hqondaT _ Zalian bevri hqondaT, age _ ager, kide _ napiri, bolo; mindvris kide _ mindvris bolo; mcxunvareba _ sicxe; gayoyoCdes
_ gaamaydes, Tavis Tavze didi warmodgena gauCndes...
maswavlebeli klass avalebs waikiTxon teqsti Cumad da Seadginon gegma,
romelic daaxloebiT aseT saxes miiRebs:
dinozavrebis cxovreba
patara dinozavris gaoceba
mzis ganawyeneba
mze da patara dinozavri
dedis gabrazeba
gaqceva
Jirafad gadaqceva
Jirafis sixaruli
3. teqstis analizi _ gairkveva, ratom iyvnen didi dinozavrebi TavianTi
cxovrebiT kmayofilebi (maT balaxi Tavzesayrelad hqondaT), ratom ver amCnevdnen mzes (isini mTel cxovrebas balaxSi TavCargulni atarebdnen, ar ainteresebdaT, ra xdeboda maT garSemo), riT gansxvavdeboda patara dinozavri danarCenebisgan (man pirvelma aswia Tavi balaxebidan da SeamCnia caze didi wiTeli burTi;
mas mxolod Wama ar aintersebda), ris gageba surda mas (ra iyo is wiTeli burTi,
caze rom moCanda), ra swyinda (yuradRebas rom aravin aqcevda; dinozavrebs rom
araferi ainteresebdaT Wamis garda), ratom gaiqca igi (saerTo veraferi naxa danarCen dinozavrebTan), ratom dakarga kudi (dedam daadga fexi), ratom ar swyenia
dedas Svilis dakargva (samarcxvinod miaCnda aseTi Svilis yola), ratom akoca
mzem patara dinozavrs (gauxarda, erTma dinozavrma mainc rom SeamCnia), ratom
gadaiqca dinozavri Jirafad (misi adgili aRar iyo dinozavrebs Soris, igi maTgan gansxvavdeboda, mas mzis xalebi hqonda), rodis mixvda patara dinozavri, rom
wiTeli burTi mze iyo (roca Jirafad gadaiqca)...
4. wakiTxulis gaazreba _ moswavleebi adareben am teqsts wina gakveTilze
Seswavlil `dinozavris nakvalevs~; aanalizeben, ra aris maT Soris msgavsi (orive
teqsti dawerilia dinozavrebis Sesaxeb, orive maTganSi aRwerilia maTi cxovreba). gairkveva, rogor aris aRwerili dinozavri pirvel nawarmoebSi, meore
nawarmoebSi (kiTxuloben saTanado adgilebs), ra gansxvavebaa am teqstebs Soris
(pirveli teqsti emyareba faqtebs, sinamdviles, masSi ar Cans avtoris damokidebuleba aRwerili ambisadmi, igi gvawvdis utyuar informacias didi xnis win gadaSenebuli am qvewarmavlebis Sesaxeb; meore teqstSi ki avtoris gamonagoni ambavia
moTxrobili, rac arasodes momxdara, igi sinamdviles ar Seefereba; aq Cans av119
toris damokidebuleba moqmedi pirebisadmi _ mas moswons patara dinozavri _
Citebi mas ugaloben, igi yvelas uyvars... moswavleebi afaseben Tavis damokidebulebas teqstebSi gadmocemuli ambisadmi _ romeli avtori iCens met sizustes
(pirveli); ratom (igi eyrdnoba sinamdviles da ara gamonagon ambavs).
wakiTxulis gaazreba xdeba àqtivobebis rveulSi~ mocemuli testebis mixedviT (swori pasuxebia: 1a, 2b). wyvilebSi sruldeba davaleba #2, damoukideblad
asruleben #1 davalebas. martivad axasiaTeben literaturul personaJebs: a)
patara dinozavrs, d) danarCen dinozavrebs, g) mzes, d) Citebs. gamoxataven sakuTar pozicias maT mimarT, asabuTeben Tavis azrs.
5. Txroba _ moswavleebi gabmuli TxrobiT gadmoscemen teqstis Sinaarss.
Txrobisas yuradReba eqceva axlaSeswavlili leqsikuri erTeulebis gamoyenebasac.
1. zmnizedis funqciaze dakvirveba _ davalebebi #3 da #4.
2. viTarebis zmnizedebis marTlwera _ saxelmZRvanelo, gv. 21.
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hblwfUjmfcjt!nbtbmb
goderZi Coxelis `caswavala~,
Tandebulis raoba, Tandebuliani saxelebi
nj{ofcj
_ wakiTxulis gaazreba da Sefaseba
_ gabmuli Txroba
_ literaturuli personaJebis martivad daxasiaTeba
_ martivi teqstis Seqmna
_ Tandebuliani saxelebis gacnoba, Tandebulis raobaSi garkveva
_ punqtuaciuri Cvevebis formireba
brujwpcfcj
_ martivad axasiaTebs literturul personaJebs
_ adgens gegmas
_ wers
_ akvirdeba Tandebulian saxelebs, erkveva Tandebulis raobaSi
(zogadad)
_ varjiSobs punqtuaciaSi
I. teqstze muSaoba
1. kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba _ am etapis dagegmvas maswavlebels vandobT.
informacia maswavleblisaTvis: goderZi Coxeli, Tanamedrove qarTveli mwerali da
kinoreJisori, daibada 1954 wels duSeTis raionis sofel CoxSi, 1978 wels daamTavra SoTa
rusTavelis saxelobis Teatraluri institutis kinosareJisoro fakulteti, aris avtori
wignebisa: `werili naZvebs~, `bindisferi sofeli~, àdamianTa sevda~, `mgeli~, `Tevzis werilebi~,
`bedis mdevari~, `caswavala~... aqtiurad muSaobda kinematografiaSi, aris aTze meti filmis reJisori da scenaristi (`miwismzomelebi~, àdamianTa sevda~, `werili naZvebs~, `codvis Svilebi~,
`lukas saxareba~, `samoTxis gvritebi~, `mijaWvuli raindebi~...). gardaicvala 2008 wels.
2. teqstis kiTxva _ teqsti ikiTxeba pauzebiT. I pauza _ `... balaxebSi gauCinardeboda~; II pauza _ `gadawyvites sasamarTlo moewyoT CitisaTvis~; III pauza:
`... sabralo caswavalam Tavi muxlebSi Camala~; IV pauza: `... TviTonac gafrinda~;
V pauza: `ca ... sanavardod ixmobda yvelas~; VI pauza: `mdumared daeca balaxebSi~.
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TiToeuli pauzis Semdeg moswavleebi gamoTqvamen varauds movlenaTa Semdgomi
ganviTarebis Sesaxeb, Semdeg teqsts udareben sakuTar variants. teqstis kiTxvis procesSi aixsneba gaugebari sityvebi da gamoTqmebi. upasuxeben maswavleblis SekiTxvebs, romlebic ZiriTadad faqtobriv masalazea orientirebuli:
_ sad cxovrobda caswavla? ratom erqva mas aseTi ucnauri saxeli?
_ ras iZaxda balaxebSi Camovardnili caswavla? ratom tyuoda igi? ris damalva surda am sityvebiT?
_ ra gadawyvites frTosnebma? ratom iyvnen isini caswavlaze gabrazebulni?
_ ra brali wauyenes caswavlas? ra ganaCeni gamoutanes mas?
_ romeli frinveli zrunavda caswavalaze? rogor SeZlo man Tavisi zrunvis gamoxatva?
_ ra pirobiT gaaTavisufles caswavala?
_ ratom ver SeZlo man Tavisi sityvis Sesruleba?
_ rogor gamoxates frinvelebma Tavisi mwuxareba?
kiTxva-pasuxis damTavrebis Semdeg adgenen gegmas, romelic daaxloebiT
aseT saxes miiRebs:
vin iyo caswavala
frinvelebis gadawyvetileba
sasamarTlo
molaRuris sikeTe
caswavalas ganTavisufleba
gatexili sityva
caswavalas daRupva
patara saflavi gorakze
gegma SeiZleba Sedges klasis saerTo ZalebiT nawil-nawil kiTxvis procesSi, koleqtiurad; SeiZleba gamoviyenoT jgufebad muSaobac _ klasi iyofa
sam jgufad, TiToeul jgufs dasaTaurebisaTvis eZleva teqstis garkveuli monakveTi.
gegmis mixedviT TxrobiT gadmoscemen wakiTxulis Sinaarss.
amave etapze werilobiT sruldeba davaleba #1.
3. teqstis analizi _ gaanalizdeba, caswavalas ra Tvisebebi Cans am teqstSi (uRonoa, susti, gansxvavdeba sxvebisagan, maRla frenis survili aqvs, ver
axerxebs pirobis Sesrulebas, Tavis uRonobas tyuiliT faravs...), frinvelTa ra
Tvisebebi Cans (sakmaod mkacrni da sastikni arian, gamonaklisia molaRuri;), ratom arian isini ase mkacrni caswavalas mimarT (misi ar esmiT, Tavad ar izidavT
ca), ramdenad sarwmunoa maTi wuxili (aq SeiZleba moswavleebma pasuxis ori varianti SemogvTavazon: a) maTi mwuxareba namdvilia, b) isini mosaCveneblad wuxan.
orive azri misaRebia, mTavaria moswavleebma SeZlon maTi dasabuTeba); riT hgavs
caswavala patara dinozavrs (orive gansxvavebulia Tavisi TanamoZmeebisagan,
maTi aravis esmis), ram SeuSala caswavalas dasaxuli miznis miRwevaSi (uRonobam,
122
moZmeTa undoblobam), ra aris aucilebeli imisaTvis, rom mizans mivaRwioT (es
Tema klass SeiZleba sadiskusiodac SevTavazoT). teqstis gaazrebisaTvis àqtivobebis rveulidan~ Sesruldeba testuri davaleba (swori pasuxia g). werilobiT sruldeba davalebebi #2 da #3.
1. punqtuaciaze varjiSi _ dafaze iwereba winadadeba: `mogrovda yvela
juris frinveli yvavi mimino RobemZvrala molaRuri Cxikvi orbi~. moswavleebi svamen masSi sasven niSnebs da xsnian TiToeuli maTganis funqcias am winadadebaSi.
2. sinonimebze muSaoba _ dafaze Camoiwereba sityvebi:
jiSi
frinveli
sawyali
cruobs
gaCumdnen
Sekres
moilaparakes
moswavleebs evalebaT moZebnon maTi SinaarsiT msgavsi sityvebi teqstSi
(juri, frTosani, sabralo, tyuis, gaisusnen, gakoWes, iTaTbires).
3. rTuli sityvebis marTlwera _ saxelmZRvanelo, gv.
4. Tandebulis raoba _ dafaze iwereba winadadebebi:
`ca-ze yviTeli mze moCanda~, `caswavala ca-Si aiWra~, `caswavala gorak-Tan
daeca~. gairkveva, ras aRniSnavs gamoyofili bolosarTebi: -ze, -Si, -Tan. eZleva
saTanado daskvna. am codnis gamoyenebiT sruldeba davaleba #4.
momdevno Temis: naiara gelSvilis ùcnauri ambavi~ da ori S-s marTlwera
_ dagegmvas maswavlebels vandobT.
informacia maswavleblisaTvis: naira gelaSvili (1947 w) _ cnobili mwerali, germanisti,
mTargmneli, publicisti, daamTavra Tsu dasavleT evropis enebisa da lit. fakulteti, kiTxulobda leqciebs Tsu-Si, muSaobda mxatvruli Targmnis saredaqcio kolegiaSi, 1993 wlidan xelmZRvanelobs `kavkasiur saxls~, gamocemuli aqvs `moTxrobebi~ (1983 w), àmbrni, umbrni da arabni~
(1983), `dedis oTaxi~ (`987 w), `sarkis natexebi~ (2006 w)...
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vaJa-fSavelas `bunebis mgosnebi~,
Tandebuli, ori T-s marTlwera
nj{ofcj
_ gabmuli Txroba
_ paralelebis gavleba Seswavlil literaturul nawarmoebebTan
_ martivi teqstis ageba da wera
_ Seswavlil metyvelebis nawilebze dakvirveba
_ orTografiuli da punqtuaciuri Cvevebis formireba
brujwpcfcj
_ akvirdeba mxatvrul saxeebs da metyvelebaSi iyenebs maT
_ avlebs paralelebs vaJa-fSavelas adre Seswavlil sxva nawarmoebebTan
da akeTebs saTanado daskvnebs
_ agebs martiv teqsts
_ wers
_ imeorebs Seswavlil metyvelebis nawilebs
_ ecnoba ori T-s marTlweris wess da werisas iyenebs mas
I. teqstze muSaoba
1. Sesavali saubari _ maswavlebeli klass axsenebs wina klasebSi (gakveTilebze) Seswavlil vaJa-fSavelas nawarmoebebs (`zamTari~, `Svlis nukris naambobi~,
àrwivi~...), gairkveva, ZiriTadad ra aerTianebs am nawarmoebebs (bunebis Tematika), ajameben, ra ician am mwerlis Sesaxeb, ra daamaxsovrdaT, ra moewonaT, ratom...
2. teqstis kiTxva _ teqsts Tavidan bolomde kiTxulobs maswavlebeli. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceva gamometyvelebiT kiTxvas, radganac moswavleTa
mier am teqstis sworad aRqma da gaazreba bevrwilad swored am momentzea damokidebuli. teqsti ZiriTadad aRweriTi xasiaTisaa, Seicavs monologuri Txrobis
nimuSebs, amitom maswavlebelma gamometyvelebiTi kiTxvisas es momentebi unda
gaiTvaliswinos da amis mixedviT SearCios tempi, intonacia da fsiqologiuri
maxvilebi.
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maswavleblis Semdeg teqsts nawil-nawil kiTxuloben moswavleebi, am dros
aixsneba gaugebari sityvebi da gamoTqmebi. garda `sityvis salaroSi~ miTiTebuli leqsikuri erTeulebisa, moswavleebisaTvis SeiZleba gaugebari aRmoCndes:
cxovlad Canda _ naTlad, kargad Canda
simRera swyuroda _ simRera undoda
jagebi _ ekliani buCqebi
daadumos _ gaaCumos
moubari _ mosaubre, molaparake...
wakiTxulis gagebisaTvis maswavlebeli svams Semdeg kiTxvebs:
_ rogor xasiaTze iyo SaSvi?
_ ra swyuroda mas?
_ ratom aRar sZulda mas aravin?
_ ram Seuqmna SaSvs aseTi ganwyoba?
_ rogor gadaarCina man Tavisi Svilebi?
_ rogor gamoxata SaSvma Tavisi sixaruli?
_ romelma frinvelma ganagrZo galoba? rogor aRwers mwerali mis galobas?
_ ras adarebs?...
moswavleebi am kiTxvebze pasuxebs eZeben teqstSi da kiTxuloben saTanado
adgilebs.
adgenen Sinaarsis gadmosacem gegmas, romelic daaxloebiT aseT saxes miiRebs:
SaSvis sixaruli
Svilebis gadarCena
SaSvis madliereba
SemoRamebis suraTi tyeSi
bulbulis galoba
moswavleebi teqstis Sinaarss gadmoscemen rogorc nawil-nawil, calkeuli
sakiTxebis mixedviT, ise mTlianad, gabuli TxrobiT.
3. teqstis analizi _ gairkveva, rogor aRwers mwerali bunebis suraTebs,
rogor gamoxatavs buneba Tavis madlierebas SaSvisadmi, rasTan aris Sedarebuli bulbulis galoba, ratom iyenebs mwerali am Sedarebas, ratom uwodebs
mwerali SaSvsa da bulbuls `bunebis mgosnebs~, TviTon Tu daasaxeleben bunebis sxva `mgosnebs~ (mgalobel frinvelebs), ratom uwodeben vaJas `bunebis mgosans~... teqstis gaazrebisaTvis Sesruldeba testuri davaleba (swori pasuxia g).
SeiZleba davaxasiaTebinoT personaJebic: a) SaSvi, b) vaso. gairkveva, adamianis
ra Tviseba Cans aq (is ar ufrTxildeba bunebas, masze bunebis mSveniereba ar moqmedebs...).
werilobiT sruldeba davalebebi #1 da #2.
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III. enobriv masalze dakvirveba
1. orTografiaze varjiSi _ moswavleebi ecnobian ori T-s marTlweris SemTxvevebs da am codnis gamoyenebiT asruleben saxelmZRvanelosa da àqtivobebis rveulSi~ (#4) mocemul davalebebs. am dros gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceva marTlwarmoTqmas.
sruldeba àqtivobebis rveulSi~ #3 davaleba (mcdarad dawerili formebia: amJamaT, gamarjvebulaT, Zulda, mokeTeT, daviwyda, gamosaCekaT, sruliaT,
gadusansla, gamwara).
2. Seswavlil metyvelebis nawilebze dakvirveba _ davaleba #5.
momdevno Temebis: vaJa-fSavelas ìa~ da a. wereTlis `gazafxuli~ _ dagegmvas maswavlebels vandobT. momdevno 1 saaTi ki maswavlebels SeuZlia gamoiyenos sakuTari Sexedulebisamebr.
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guguli togoniZis `cvriana~,
rTuli sityvebis marTlwera
nj{ofcj
_ personaJebis daxasiaTeba
_ sakuTari azris Camoyalibeba da dasabuTeba
_ deformirebuli teqstis aRdgena
_ saganTSorisi kavSiri bunebismcodneobasTan
_ rTuli sityvebis (erTcnebiani kimpozitebis) marTlwera
brujwpcfcj
_ martivad axasiaTebs literaturul personaJebs, akeTebs daskvnebs
da asabuTebs Tavis azrs
_ agebs martiv aRweriT teqsts
_ agrZelebs mxatvrul nawarmoebs
_ wers Txzulebas teqstis mixedviT
_ avlebs paralelebs bunebimetyvelebis gakveTilebze miRebul
informaciasTan
_ akvirdeba erTcnebiani kompozitebis (terminis gareSe) marTlweras
_ akvirdeba sityvis semantikas (zedsarTavi saxelis magaliTze)
I. teqstze muSaoba
1. kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba_ maswavlebeli am miznisaTvis klass sTavazobs àqtivobebis rveulSi~ mocemul #3 davalebas. igi gulisxmobs abzacebis dalagebas
imgvari TanmimdevrobiT, rom teqsti miiRon (pasuxebi: 3, 4, 2, 1). gaanalizdeba,
romeli mcenarea aRwerili am teqstSi, misi ra niSnebia CamoTvlili, sad izrdeba
igi, saidan iRebs misi fesvebi sicocxlisaTvis aucilebel sazrdos...
informacia maswavleblisaTvis: cvriana (drozera) mravalwlovani (iSviaTad erTwlovani)
mweriWamia mcenare, foTlebidan gamoyofili webovani siTxiT iWers da inelebs mwerebs. cnobilia misi 90-mde saxeoba. gavrcelebulia mTel msoflioSi. ZiriTadad izrdeba torfian WaobSi.
saqarTveloSi gvxvdeba misi 4 saxeoba.
127
2. teqstis kiTxva da analizi_ moswavleebi teqsts kiTxuloben nawilnawil, gzadagza aixsneba gaugebari sityvebi da gamoTqmebi; gairkveva, ra mcenarea cvriana, sad xarobs igi (WaobSi), rogoria garegnobiT (patara wiTelyvavila
mcenarea), ra Tviseba axasiaTebs (mweriWamiaa), kidev romeli mcenareebia teqstSi naxsenebi (gvirila, cisTvala, yoCivarda, cximura, wylis bamba), sad izrdeba
es mcenareebi (gvirila, cisTvala, yoCivarda _ velze; cvriana, cximura, wylis
bamba _ WaobSi); raze dardobda cvriana, ras natrobda igi, ra rCevas aZlevdnen
megobrebi...
3. teqstis gaazrebisa da SefasebisaTvis daismeba kiTxvebi:
_ ra aris cvrianas wuxilis mizezi?
_ ratom uRalata man Tavis Cvevas da ar daiWira mweri?
_ ramdenad misaRebia misi megobrebis rCeva?
_ cvrianas ra Tvisebebi Cans teqstSi? (waikiTxon saTanado adgilebi).
_ misi megobrebis ra Tvisebebzea teqstSi miniSnebebi? (waikiTxon es adgilebi).
_ bavSvebis ra Tvisebebi Cans teqstSi? gogonas ra Tvisebebze amaxvilebs
mwerali yuradRebas?
_ ram mohgvara cvrianas sixarulis cremli? raze migvaniSnebs es cremli?
_ rogor cremls hqvia `sixarulis cremli~?
_ rogoria cvriana teqstis dasawyisSi? teqstis bolos?
_ ram Secvala igi?
_ ris Tqma surs mwerals?
_ rogor fiqroben, Seicvleboda amis Semdeg cvriana? (daasabuTon Tavisi
azri: a) cvriana ar Seicvleboda, b) cvriana ver icocxlebda oTaxSi, g) cvriana
iqceoda lamaz da keTil yvavilad). weriT asruleben #1 da #2 davalebebs.
teqstis gaazrebisaTvis sruldeba testuri davaleba (swori pasuxia g).
4. teqstis Sinaarsis gadmosacemad Sedgeba gegma, romelic daaxloebiT
aseT saxes miiRebs:
cvrianas dardi
megobrebis rCeva
cvrianas natvra
keTili gogona
sixarulis cremli
moswavleebi gadmoscemen teqstis Sinaarss gabmuli TxrobiT.
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1. sxvadasxva pirSi Txroba _ moswavleebi arkveven romel pirSia Txroba,
ratom iyenebs am xerxs mwerali, gadmoscemen teqstis Sinaarss III pirSi.
2. intonaciaze varjiSi _ moZebnon teqstSi Zaxilis winadadebebi, gaarkvion, ras gamoxatavs isini, SeurCion saTanado intonacia.
3. orTografiaze varjiSi _ akvirdebian erTcnebiani kompozitebis: cisTvala, yoCivarda, mweriWamia, wiTelyvavila _ marTlweras, arkveven, rogor
iwereba es sityvebi (erTad), ratom (maT Soris ar Caismis `da~ kavSiri). am sityvebis gamoyenebiT adgenen winadadebebs. asruleben àqtivobebis rveulSi~ mocemul #4 davalebas.
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`rogor aRmoaCines amerika~ (`jejilidan~),
ricxviTi saxeli, rigobiTi ricxviTi saxelis marTlwera
nj{ofcj
_ aRweriTi teqstis kiTxva da analizi
_ miRebuli iformaciis gaazreba da Sejameba (vin?/ra? sad? rodis?)
_ saganTSorisi kavSiri bunebismetyvelebasTan
_ raodenobiTi da rigobiTi ricxviTi saxelebis gacnoba
_ rogobiTi ricxviTi saxelis marTlwera
brujwpcfcj
_ yofs mas calkeul nawilebad da adgens gegmas
_ wers
_ ajamebs miRebul informacias
_ adgens martiv aRweriT teqsts
_ ajamebs miRebul informacias: vin?/ra? sad? rodis?
_ ecnoba raodenobiTsa da rigobiT ricxviT saxelebs
_ eufleba arabuli cifrebiT rigobiTi ricxviTi saxelebis marTlweras
I. teqstze muSaoba
1. kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba _ es masala daukavSirdeba bunebismetyvelebis
gakveTilebze miRebuli informaciis gaxsenebasa da Sejamebas (horizontis mxareebi, ruka...).
damatebiTi informacia maswavleblisaTvis _ a) qristefore kolumbi, zRvaosani (14511506 wlebi), warmoSobiT genueli, cxovrobda lisabonSi, portugaliasa da kastiliaSi, andalusieli vaWrebisa da bankirebis daxmarebiT SeZlo saokeano eqspediciebis organizeba, raTa, misi
azriT, umoklesi gziT ganexorcielebina evropidan indoeTSi mogzauroba. 1492 wels 3 agvistos
90 kacisagan da 3 gemiT Semdgari eqspediciiT gavida espaneTis navsadgur palosidan, gadalaxa
atalntis okeane da amave wlis 12 oqtombers miaRwia kunZul san-salvadors (bahamis arqipelagi) da Semdeg moinaxula amave arqipelagis sxva kunZulebi, aRmoaCina da Seiswavla kuba da haiti.
II eqspediciam (1493-1496 w), romelic Sedgeboda 17 gemisa da 1 500-ze meti kacisagan, aRmoaCina
mcire antilis kunZulebi, aseve _ puerto-riko da iamika. III eqspediciam (1498-1500 w), romelic
amjerad 6 gemisagan Sedgeboda, aRmoaCina kunZuli trinidadi da miadga samxreT amerikis sanapiros. kolumbma IV eqspedicia (1502-1504 w, 4 gemi) moawyo imave marSrutiT da miaRwia kunZul mar-
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tinikas, hondurasis yures, nikaraguis, kosta-rikisa da panamis karibis zRvispira sanapiroebs.
kunZulebis aRmoCenas mohyva evropelTa mier am miwebis kolonizacia, adgilobrivi mosaxleobis (romelsac kolumbi indoelebs eZaxda) ganadgureba da damoneba. am aRmoCenas udidesi mniSvneloba hqonda, ramdenadac amerikis miwebi geografiul warmodgenaTa sferoSi mxolod kolumbis mogzaurobis Semdeg Sevida.
2. teqsti ikiTxeba nawil-nawil. teqstis damuSavebis gza induqciuria
_ damuSavdeba da gaanalizdeba TiToeuli monakveTi rogorc leqsikurad, ise
Sinaarsobrivad da azrobrivad. adgenen teqstis Sinaarsis gadmosacem gegmas,
kolumbis werili
mefis daeWveba
mogzauroba indoeTisaken
mezRvaurTa ajanyeba
axladaRmoCenili miwebi
kolumbis Secdoma
kolumbis gardacvaleba
àxali qveynis~ aRmoCena
STamomavlobis madliereba
mxolod amis Semdeg kiTxuloben teqsts Tavidan bolomde. I etapze maswavlebeli teqstis gagebisaTvis klass usvams ZiriTadad faqtobriv masalze orientirebul kiTxvebs:
_ vin iyo kolumbi? sadauri iyo igi? sad cxovrobda?
_ vis sTxova man daxmareba?
_ ratom daeWvda mefe ferdinandi, roca kolumbis werili waikiTxa? ra iyo
amis mizezi?
_ rogor SeZlo kolumbma mefis darwmuneba?
_ ra daxmareba aRmouCina mas espaneTis mefem?
_ rodis datova kolumbma espaneTis sanapiro? ramdeni gemi da ramdeni mezRvauri Rebulobda am eqspediciaSi monawileobas?
_ ZiriTadad vin iyvnen kolumbis mezRvaurebi?
_ ra qnes erT-erTi Stormis dros am mezRvaurebma?
_ rodis miaRwia kolumbma miwas?
_ ramdeni dRe dasWirda am mogzaurobas?
_ ra Secdoma dauSva kolumbma?
_ raSi iyvnen mogzaurebi darwmunebulni?
_ ratom gaasamarTles kolumbi?
_ rodis dabrunda kolumbi ukanaskneli mogzaurobidan?
_ vin iyo Semdegi mogzauri, vinc amerikis napirebs miaRwia?
_ rogor ukvdavyves kolumbis saxeli?...
moswavleebi am kiTxvebisa da winaswar Sedgenili gegmis mixedviT gadmoscemen teqstis Sinaarss.
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3. teqstis analizi _ gaanalizdeba, kolumbis ra Tvisebebi Cans am teqstSi
(igi Seupovaria, ukan ar ixevs, miiwevs dasaxuli miznis Sesasruleblad; metismetad aris TavisTavSi darwmunebuli _ swored amis gamo dauSva Secdoma da indoeTis magivrad amerikis kontinentze aRmoCnda); mefe rogor aris daxasiaTebuli (eWviania, aravis endoba, magram xels uwyobs mezRvaurs, radganac mdidari
qveynebis damorCileba surs...), ratom gamouSves am mogzaurobisaTvis cixidan
damnaSaveni (es mogzauroba metismetad rTuli da mZime iqneboda), ratom aujanydnen kolumbs mezRvaurebi (mogzauroba did xans gagrZelda), ratom ver mixvda
kolumbi Tavis Secdomas (kargad ver erkveoda rukaSi, metismetad sjeroda Tavisi Zalebis, mecniereba ar iyo saTanadod ganviTarebuli), ratom moeqcnen Tanamedroveni kolumbs metismetad mkacrad (man ver gaamarTla maTi molodini, ver
SeZlo indoeTidan Zvirfasi qvebisa da oqros Camotana), ra mniSvneloba aqvs TanamedroveobisaTvis kolumbis aRmoCenas (man pirvelma imogzaura am marSrutiT),
ra moxdeboda, Tu kolumbi amerikis nacvlad marTla indoeTs miaRwevda (amerikis
kontinents mogvianebiT mainc aRmoaCendnen), ratom daerqva àmerikas~ es saxeli
(amerigo vespuCis pativsacemad), kolumbis saxeli ratom ar daerqva am qveyanas
(is ise gardaicvala, rom Tavadac ar uwyoda Tavisi aRmoCenis mniSvneloba, ar
icodnen arc misma Tanmedroveebma), rogoria dRevandeli sazogadoebis damokidebuleba kolumbisadmi (keTilganwyobili _ mas Zegli daudges, misi saxeli
uwodes kontinenets, qveyanas, erT-erT Stats, qalaqs).
sruldeba savarjiSoebi #1, #2, #3.
ricxviTi saxeli _ moswavleebi ixseneben ricxviTi saxelis raobas, eZeben teqstSi raodenobiT da rigobiT ricxviT saxelebs, ajgufeben, akvirdebian,
rogor aris warmodgenili aq es ricxvebi (sityvebiT Tu cifrebiT), akvirdebian
maT marTlweras. sruldeba davaleba #4.
damatebiTi informacia maswavleblisaTvis: cifri _ arabulad niSnavs `nuls~ _ `cariels~, aris ricxvebis gamomxatveli pirobiTi niSani. yvelaze adreuli iyo ricxvTa sityvieri
Cawera, Tanamedrove cifrebis wina saxe warmoiSva indoeTSi ara ugvianes Zv. welTaR. V saukunisa.
am cifrebis gamoyenebiT ricxvebis Caweris poziciuri sistema swrafad gavrcelda sxva qveynebSic. evropaSi induri cifrebi Semoitanes arabebma X-XIII saukuneebSi. induri cifrebis moxazulobam mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi ganicada. Zvel saqarTveloSi ricxvebis Cawera xdeboda anbanis
saSualebiT: anbanis pirveli aTi aso aRniSnavda erTeulebs, meore _ aTeulebs, mesame aseulebs,
meoTxe _ aTaseulebs... saqarTveloSi cifrebis gamoyenebis SemTxvevas pirvelad 1103 wels
vxvdebiT bagratis taZris warweraSi.
romauli cifrebi _ iyenebdnen romaelebi; savaraudod igi etruskulisgan unda momdinareobdes. romauli cifrebis sistema emyareba specialur aRniSvnebs aTobiTi TanrigebisaTvis (I
_ erTi, X _ aTi, C _ 100, M _ aTasi) da maTi naxevrebisaTvis (V _ 5, L _ 50, D _ 500). amasTanve,
Tu didi cifri patara cifris win weria, isini ikribeba: XI=10+1=11; Tu piriqiT, maSin akldeba:
IX=10-1=9. ariTmetikuli operaciebis dros maT iSviaTad iyeneben, ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba rigiTobis aRmniSvnelad (sukuneebi, wlebi...).
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hblwfUjmfcjt!nbtbmb
`marko polos mogzauroba~ (`jejilidan~), rigobiTi ricxviTi
saxelebis gamosaxva romauli cifrebiT
nj{ofcj
_ aRweriTi teqstis kiTxva
_ teqstSi gadmocemuli informaciis analizi da Sejameba
_ istoriuli personaJis daxasiaTeba da misi Rvawlis Sefaseba
_ martivi dargobrivi teqstis Seqmna
_ rigobiTi ricxvis marTlwera romauli cifrebiT
brujwpcfcj
_ ajamebs masSi mocemul informacias da ukavSirebs Tanamedroveobas
_ avsebs sqemas: ra vicodi, ra gavige, ris gageba mainteresebs
_ adgens gegmas
_ martivad axasiaTebs istoriul personaJs
_ wers
_ eufleba ricxviTi saxelis marTlwerasTan dakavSirebul orTografiul
sakiTxebs.
I. teqstze muSaoba
1. kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba _ am etapis dagegmvas maswavlebels vandobT, vTavazobT mxolod damatebiT informacias marko polos Sesaxeb:
marko polo (daaxloebiT 1254-1324 wlebi, venecia) italieli mogzauri da mwerali.
veneciel vaWrebTan: mamasa da biZasTan _ erTad daaxloebiT 1271 wels zRviT mivida mcire aziis
samxreT-aRmosavleT sanapiroze, gaiara somxeTis mTianeTi, mesopotamia, iranis mTianeTi, pamiri,
kaSgari da Cavida Crd. CineTSi. aq 1292 wlamde iyo CineTis yaenis xubilais samsaxurSi da moinaxula qveynis sxvadasxva mxare. 1295 wels wamovida samxreT CineTidan da zRviT dabrunda veneciaSi.
1297 wels tyved Cauvarda genuelebs. misi naambobi mogzaurobaze Caiwera tyve rustiCinom. ase
Seiqmna `marko polos wigni~ (1298), romelic warmoadgenda Zvirfas wyaros saqarTvelos, somxeTis, iranis, CineTis, monRoleTis, indoneziisa da sxva qveynebis geografiis, eTnografiis da
istoriis Sesaxeb. wignSi mravaldaa Sesuli xalxuri Tqmulebebi, legendebi, leqsebi... iTargmna
mraval enaze. momdevno saukuneebSi misma informaciam didi interesebi gamoiwvia mogzaurebsa
(kolumbi) da kartografebs Soris.
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2. teqstis kiTxva da analizi (maswavleblis gadasawyvetia, waakiTxos moswavleebs orive Tavi da Semdeg nawil-nawil daamuSaos isini, Tu TiToeuli Tavis damuSavebas calke saaTi dauTmos. Cven am ukanasknel variants vuwevT rekomendacias) _ teqstis damuSaveba xdeba induqciurad _ teqsts moswavleebi
kiTxuloben nawil-nawil, gagrZelebiT. am dros aixsneba gaugebari sityvebi da
gamoTqmebi; gaanalizdeba romeli qveyanebia aRwerili teqstSi (italia, monRoleTi, CineTi); romeli saukunea (me-13), romeli qalaqebia naxsenebi (venecia, genua _ italiis qalaqebi; pekini _ CineTis qalaqi, romelic im dros monRoleTis
dedaqalaqad iTvleboda), kidev romeli geografiuli saxelebia naxsenebi (kavkasia, Sua azia, kaspiis zRva, sparseTi, afrika...), romeli istoriuli pirebi arian
gamoyvanili teqstSi (Tavad marko polo, xubilai xani, markos biZebi: nikola da
mateo); rogor aris aRwerili m-13 saukunis CineTi (aq monRolebi batonoben _
pekini monRoleTis dedaqalaqia da mas monRolTa xani ganagebs, CineTSi ukve
aris qaRaldis fuli, gamoiyeneba denTi, naxSiri, werilebs fostis saSualebiT
agzavnian _ qveyana sakmaod win uswrebs evropis qveynebs ganviTarebiT), rogor
aris aRwerili italia, kerZod, venecia (igi mezRvaurTa da vaWrebis qalaqia, ganviTarebulia sazRvao mimosvla sxvadasxva qveynebTan, vaWrebi Soreul qveynebSi
xSirad miemgzavrebian _ nikolo da mateo erTxel ukve iyvnen CineTSi; qveyanaSi
jer kidev ar ician, ra aris fosta, denTi, naxSiri, mimoqcevaSia mxolod liTonis fuli, mezobeli qalaqebi xSirad ebrZvian erTmaneTs _ genua Tavs daesxa
venecias...); moqmedi pirebis ra Tvisebebi Cans teqstSi (marko axalgazrdobidanve gamoirCeoda WkuiT, siZlieriT, metismetad ainteresebda mogzauroba da
sxvadsxva qveynebis gacnoba; bavSvobaSi, roca is jer kidev vaWrebis Segirdi iyo,
sul sxva TvaliT uyurebda samyaros _ ainteresebda ara yidva-gayidva da mogeba, aramed sxvadasxva qveynebisa da xalxis cxovreba, buneba, mTebi, mdinareebi,
uyvarda axal-axali aRmoCenebi _ swored amitom daarRvia xanis brZaneba da
sparseTis nacvlad sxva qveynebisaken aiRo gezi. sxvebi Tu Zvirfas qvebsa da saqonels yidulobdnen, is yvelafers mogzauris TvaliT akvirdeboda. aris mtkice
xasiaTis, SeuZlia gadawyvetilebebis damoukideblad miReba _ man TviTneburad
Secvala marSruti; marko dajildoebulia mwerlobis niWiTac _ is ise dalagebiT, zustad da sainteresod mouyva sakanSi Tanamesaknes Tavis Tavgadasavals,
rom am monayolis safuZvelze Zalze saintereso wigni Seiqmna... nikola da mateo
tipuri vaWrebi arian da surT Svilic aseTi gazardon, uSiSrebi arian, ramdenadac ar ufrTxian Soreul mogzaurobas, imsaxureben pativiscemas _ xubilaim
maT Sor gzaze gaugzavna amala dasaxvedrad... xubilai-xani _ Zlieri mbrZanebelia, radganac dapyrobili aqvs CineTis uzarmazari imperia, pativs scems evropelebs da maTgan bevri ramis swavla surs, amitomac ar uSvebs vaWrebs Tavisi
qveynidan...).
3. gegmis Sedegena da teqstis Sinaarsis gadmocema _ moswavleebi teqsts
yofen nawilebad da adgenen gegmas, romelic daaxloebiT aseT saxes miiRebs:
(davaleba #2)
vaWrebis gamgzavreba veneciidan
axalgazrda mogzauri
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ufrosebis sayveduri
stumrad xubilai-xanTan
CineTSi gatarebuli wlebi
gza CineTidan sparseTisaken
samSobloSi dabruneba
`wigni msoflios mravalferovnebaze”
am wignis bedi winaT da axla
am gegmis mixedviT moswavleebi gadmoscemen teqstis Sinaarss rogorc
nawil-nawil, ise _ Tavidan bolomde.
4. teqstis gaazreba da siRrmiseuli wvdoma _ teqstis gaazrebisaTvis
sruldeba testuri davaleba (swori pasuxia g). gairkveva, ra damokidebuleba
hqonda Tanamedroveobas marko polos wignTan (ainteresebdaT, magram Tan dascinodnen), ratom iyo amgvari ormagi damokidebuleba (wignSi mravali saintereso
ambavi iyo gadmocemuli, magram mkiTxvelebs ar sjerodaT avtorisa), ratom ar
sjerodaT (imitom, rom Tavad ar hqondaT yvelaferi es sakuTari TvaliT nanaxi,
warmoudgeneli iyo maTTvis qaRaldis fulis, denTis, naxSiris, fostis arseboba); ratom Seicvala am wignis mimarT Semdgom wlebSi damokidebuleba (imitom,
rom es yvelaferi sxva mogzaurebmac naxes da daadastures, bevri siaxle gadmoitanes kidec; amave dros es wigni sxva mogzaurebs uiolebda miznis miRwevas,
swored mis mier gavlili gzebis aRwerilobiT Seiqmna me-15 saukuneSi ruka).
moswavleebi msjeloben markos gadawyvetilebaze _ roca man TviTneburad
Secvala marSruti. ramdenad misaRebad eCvenebaT es saqcieli? aq isini warmoadgenen gansxvavebul pozicias, yvela azri misaRebia, mTavaria, SeZlon maTi dasabuTeba. aseve klass SeiZleba sadiskusiod SevTavazoT sakiTxi: ra Seicvleboda
Tu marko monRolTa mbrZaneblis brZanebas Seasrulebda? (aqac pasuxebis alternatiuli variantebi SeiZleba movisminoT. erT-erTi dasaSvebi pasuxia – es
aRmoCenebi kidev ramdenime wliT /saukuniT/ gadaiwevda.)
am etapze sruldeba weriTi davaleba #3.
5. teqstis ageba _ moswavleebs vTavzobT weriTi davalebisaTvis Txzulebas Temaze `wigni samyaros mravalferovnebaze”
am teqstis agebamde moswavleebi gaaanalizeben vin dawera es wigni (marko
polos monaTxrobis mixedviT erT-erTma italielma patimarma, markosTan erTad rom ijda genuis cixeSi), rodis dawera (me-13 saukuneSi), sad dawera (genuaSi,
cixis sakanSi) ra Sefaseba miiRo Tanamedroveebisagan (es wigni Zalze ainteresebdaT, magram dascinodnen imitom, rom ar sjerodaT masSi gadmocemuli ambebi),
ratom Seicvala es damokidebuleba (momdevno saukuneebSi darwmundnen, rom,
rac am wignSi ewera, simarTle iyo). sruldeba davaleba #2.
6. wera _ moswavleebi axasiaTeben markos werilobiT, manamde zepirad asaxeleben mis calkeul Tvisebebs, romelTac asabuTeben teqstis mixedviT, adgenen
gegmas da asruleben davaleba #3-s.
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rigobiTi ricxviTi saxelebis marTlwera romauli cifrebiT.
moswavleebi teqstSi eZeben ricxviT saxelebs da ajgufeben maT: raodenobiTia – erTi, 16, 3, 14, 5, 24; rigobiTia _ me-13, me-15, meore. ixseneben rogobiTi
ricxviTi saxelebis marTlweras, Semdeg ki maswavlebeli klass acnobs rigobiTi
ricxviTi saxelebis Caweras romauli cifrebiT, acnobs ZiriTad niSnebs, avarjiSebs rigobiTi ricxviTi saxelebis romauli cifrebiT Caweraze. sruldeba
davaleba #4.
Sedegebis kodi: IV2, 1V3, IV5, IV6, IV8, IV10, IV11.
momdevno masala: `qarTveli mogzauri~, rigobiTi ricxviTi saxelebis
marTlwera _ warmoadgens wina Temis gagrZelebas, amdenad mis dagegmvas
mTlianad maswavlebels vandobT.
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hblwfUjmfcjt!nbtbmb
nodar dumbaZis `mze~, sityvis semantika
nj{ofcj
_ saganTSorisi kavSiri bunebismetyvelebasTan (saqarTvelos mdinareebi)
_ teqstis konstruireba
_ sityvis semantikaze dakvirveba (zedsarTavi saxelis magaliTze)
brujwpcfcj
_ akvirdeba mxatvrul saxeebs
_ adgens gegmas Sinaarsis gadmosacemad
_ wers
_ aRadgens deformirebul teqsts
_ alagebs zedsarTav saxelebs maxasiaTebeli niSnis zrdadobis mixedviT
I. teqstze muSaoba
1. kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba (6 wuTi) _ maswavlebeli klass avalebs Seadginon
teqsti saxelwodebiT `ganTiadi~, sasurvelia SesTavazos sayrdeni sityvebic:
`cxraTvala mze~, òqros gvirgvini~, `mzis sicili”... am dros SeiZleba gamoviyenoT jgufuri muSaoba. TiToeuli jgufi warmoadgens teqstis sakuTar variants, romlebic gaanalizdeba da Sefasdeba klasSi.
2. teqstis kiTxva _ maswavlebeli teqsts kiTxulobs gamometyvelebiT,
gzadagza xsnis gaugebar sityvebsa da gamoTqmebs.
damatebiTi informacia maswavlebelTaTvis: _ ercaxu, erwaxvi _ mwvervali afxazeTis
kavkasionis mTavar wyalgamyof qedze, simaRle 3 910 m. misi CrdiloeTi kalTa damrecia, samxreTi
_ cicabo. samxreT kalTis 2 myinvari asazrdoebs mdinare CxalTis marcxena Senakadebs.
teqsts nawil-nawil kiTxuloben moswavleebic. am dros yuradReba gamaxvildeba im mxatvrul saxeebze, romlebsac bunebis movlenebis aRwerisas iyenebs
mwerali; gairkveva, rogor aris aRwerili teqstSi ganTiadi: ìgi (mze) dilis 6
saaTze amobrZanda da oqros jiRasaviT daadga ercaxus mTas~, `mzes gaeRima da
RvTiuri Tvalis garSemo uTvalavi naoWi gauCnda~, `mzem odnav aiwia”... yinulis
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dnoba: `yinulis saltem gaiWriala da uceb gaskda~, `mzem... uceb imdeni naTeli
daRvara, rom myinvari Setortmanda~, `kavkasionis kalTebi, napralebi, xevebi
zaTqiT, guguniTa da Tavawyvetili zvavebis Semzaravi grialiT aivso. ercaxu
orTqlsa, nislsa da avardnili Tovlis buRSi gaexvia”... mdinareebis dabadeba: `daiwyo. _ ra daiwyo? _ dabadeba. _ visi? _ Svilebis, badiSebis: kodoris, fsous,...” `Svili uamravi gvyavs, badiSi naklebi, da bolos erTi uzarmazari
nagrami _ zRva~, bunebis mSvenebis gancda: `dedam Svilis xmaze erTi gaixeda
aRmosavleTisaken da ... ercaxus Tvali ver mowyvita”; ras uwodebs mwerali
`SeCveul saswauls” (mzis amosvlas), ratom uwodebs ase (es `saswauli” _ mzis
amosvla_ yoveldRe meordeba da adamianebs misi danaxva aRar ukvirT); gairkveva, sad iReben saTaves dasaxelebuli mdinareebi (mTebSi, am SemTxvevaSi _ ercaxus kalTebze), ra saxeliT moixseniebs maT ercaxu (Svilebi), ras uwodebs igi
badiSs? (im axal mdinares, romelic ori an meti mdinaris SeerTebiT miiReba), ras
uwodebs igi zRvas? (nagrami), ratom (yvela es mdinare zRvaSi Caedineba; amdenad,
ercaxus zRvis gaCenaSi sakmao wvlili aqvs) ...
moswavleebi teqsts akavSireben bunebismetyvelebis gakveTilebze miRebul
informaciasTan, ixseneben saqarTvelos mdinareebis saxelwodebebs, asaxeleben
im mdinareebs, romlebic Sav zRvaSi Caedineba.
3. teqstis Sinaarsis gadmocema _ moswavleebi teqsts yofen calkeul
nawilebad da adgenen gegmas, romelic daaxloebiT aseT saxes miiRebs:
mzis amosvla
ercaxus Txovna
yinulis dnoba
mdinareebis dabadeba
dilis mSveneba
SeCveuli saswauli...
sruldeba davaleba #1.
am gegmis mixedviT moswavleebi gabmuli TxrobiT gadmoscemen teqstis Sinaarss rogorc nawil-nawil, ise Tavidan bolomde. teqstis mixedviT aRweren
ganTiadis suraTs (davaleba #2). maswavleblis miTiTebiT cdiloben, gamoiyenon
da zustad SearCion saTanado zedsarTavi saxelebi. am savarjiSos SeiZleba erTgvari Sejibris saxec ki mivceT: imarjvebs is, vinc ufro zustad da ufro met
zedsarTav saxels iyenebs.
4. teqstis konstruireba _ wyali (davaleba #4. pasuxebi _ 4, 2, 3, 1.)
5. teqstis gaazreba _ testuri davaleba (swori pasuxia g)
138
1. Tematur leqsikaze dakvirveba _ teqstSi gamoyenebuli adamianTa naTesaobis aRmniSvneli sityvebi _ Svili, badiSi, nagrami. moswavleebi akvirdebian
maT mniSvnelobas, ixseneben msgavsi mniSvnelobis sxva leqsikur erTeulebsac
(SviliSvili, SvilTaSvili, STamomavloba...).
2. sityvis semantikaze dakvirveba _ teqstidan asaxeleben im zedsarTav
saxelebs, romlebsac mwerali iyenebs zRvis daxasiaTebisaTvis (uzarmazari,
Tvaluwvdeneli, gauTavebeli, uTavbolo), Tavadac asaxeleben saTanado zedsarTav saxelebs... sruldeba davaleba #3, romelic gulisxmobs msgavsi Sinaarsis zedsarTavi saxelebis dalagebas maxasiaTebeli niSnis zrdadobis mixedviT
(swori pasuxebia _ mousvenari, celqi, Tavawyvetili; gacxarebuli, gabrazebuli,
ganrisxebuli; gacxelebuli, gaxurebuli, gavarvarebuli; aRelvebuli, aqafebuli, azvirTebuli; SeSfoTebuli, SeSinebuli, Tavzardacemuli; gakvirvebuli,
gancvifrebuli, gaognebuli; gaxarebuli, aRtacebuli, aRfrTovanebuli).
Sedegebis kodi: IV2, IV3, IV6, IV7, IV8, IV10, IV13
139
hblwfUjmfcjt!nbtbmb
kolau nadiraZis `mwuxri~, sinonimebi
nj{ofcj
_ poeturi teqstis kiTxva da aRqma
_ gamometyvelebiT kiTxvis Cvevis daufleba
_ Seswavlil nawarmoebebTan paralelebis gavleba
_ saganTSorisi kavSiri (xelovnebasTan)
_ martivi teqstis Seqmna wakiTxuli nawarmoebis mixedviT
brujwpcfcj
_ moswavle kiTxulobs da aanalizebs poetur teqsts
_ akvirdeba mxatvrul saxeebs
_ eufleba axal leqsikur erTeulebs da metyvelebaSi iyenebs maT
_ avlebs paralelebs Seswavlil nawarmoebebTan
_ varjiSobs gamometyvelebiT kiTxvaSi
_ qmnis martiv mxatvrul teqsts
_ wers
_ iyenebs teqstis Casworebis martiv xerxebs
_ afasebs sakuTar namuSevars
I. teqstze muSaoba
1. kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba _ maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTavazobs modundnen,
daxuWon Tvalebi, warmoidginon tye da Camavali mze (am dros saTanado ganwyobis
Seqmnis mizniT SeiZleba movasmeninoT musikac), aRweron es suraTi zepirad.
damatebiTi informacia maswavleblisaTvis: kolau (nikoloz) nadiraZe _ daibada 1895 w
quTaisSi. quTaisis gimnaziis damTavrebis Semdeg (1912-1916 w) swavlobda moskovis universitetis iuridiul fakultetze. iyo `cisferyanwelebis” jgufis TvalsaCino wevri. pirveli poeturi krebuli (`baldaxini”) gamosca 1920 wels, ganvlo gza klasikuri poeturi azrovnebisa da
formebis uaryofidan qarTuli poeziis ZirZveli tradiciebis aRorZinebamde. mis leqsebs msWvalavs daxvewili lirizmi. misi ZiriTadi krebulebia: `did gzasTan” _ 1946 w, `leqsebi” _ 1955 w,
`rCeuli” _ 1962 w, `leqsebi da Targmanebi” _ 1962 w... Targmna puSkinis, lermontovis, tiutCevis, frangi potebis Txzulebani. misi leqsebi Targmnilia rusul enaze. gardaicvala 1991 w.
2. teqstis kiTxva da leqsikuri analizi _ maswavlebeli teqstis wakiTxvamde acnobs moswavleebs leqsis saxelwodebas (`mwuxri”) da awvdis saTanado
ganmartebas _ saRamos bindi, SemoRameba, mzis Casvla... kiTxulobs leqss gamo140
metyvelebiT, sagangebo yuradRebas amaxvilebs logikur da fsiqologiur maxvilebze, intonaciaze, pauzebze, tempze, xmis tembrze... akiTxebs leqss Tavidan
bolomde kiTxvaSi gawaful ramdenime moswavles, Semdeg klass avalebs, waikiTxon leqsi Cumad da moZebnon gaugebari leqsikuri erTeulebi, romlebic aixsneba maswavleblis daxmarebiTa da klasis aqtiuri monawileobiT (gamoiyeneba
`sityvaTa salaroc”):
sevda _ dardi, mwuxareba
saunje _ simdidre, ganZi
mze miiwura _ mze Cavida
almasi, lali, margaliti _ Zvirfasi Tvlebi
sagzali _ mgzavrobisas saWiro sursaT-sanovage, saWmeli...
axladaxsnili leqsikuri erTulebis gamoyenebiT moswavleebi adgenen winadadebebs.
3. mxatvrul saxeebze dakvirveba _ gairkveva, dRis romeli monakveTia aRwerili am leqsSi (mzis Casvla, SemoRameba), ra SeurCia poetma saTaurad Tavis
nawarmoebs (mwuxri), ramdenad Seesatyviseba es saTauri leqss, TviTon sxva variants xom ar SemogvTavazeben; ras gulisxmobs poeti `xeebis xaverdSi” (xeebis
Crdils); ra ganwyoba eufleba poets mzis Casvlis yurebisas (sevda); ras gulisxmobs igi `mzis saunjeSi” (sinaTles, mzis sxivebs); romel Zvirfas qvebs axsenebs
poeti (almasebs, lalebs, margalitebs), ratom axsendeba mas Zvirfasi qvebi Camavali mzis yurebisas (sxvadasxva ferad aris ca SeRebili), ra igulisxmeba `Rrublebis sagzalSi” (Camavali mzis ferebi, Camavali mzis sxivebi)...
moswavleebi wakiTxul leqss adareben wina gakveTilze Seswavlil nodar
dumbaZis `mzes~, avleben maT Soris paralelebs, afiqsireben, ra aqvT maT saerTo
(orive nawarmoebSi mzea aRwerili, orive SemTxvevaSi mwerlebi mxatvrulad aRweren bunebis movlenebs), ra gansxvavebaa (pirvel teqstSi aRwerilia ganTiadi,
mzis amosvla, meore SemTxvevaSi ki _ mzis Casvla, Sebindeba; pirveli teqsti
moTxrobaa, mere _ leqsi).
4. gamometyvelebiT kiTxvaSi varjiSi.
5. teqstis ageba _ moswavleebi Seswavlili leqsis mixedviT aRweren SemoRamebis suraTs (davaleba #2), kiTxuloben sakuTar nawers, asworeben mas da
ukiTxaven megobrebs, iyeneben codnis TviTSefasebisa da urTierTSefasebis
formebs.
6. sinonimebze muSaoba _ àqtivobebis rveuli~, davaleba #1.
7. Seswavlili teqstebis dasuraTeba _ davaleba #3.
141
hblwfUjmfcjt!nbtbmb
evgeni xaraZis `mze~, gamaerTianebeli sityva da
sasveni niSnebi masTan
nj{ofcj
_ sainformacio teqstis kiTxva da analizi
_ miRebuli informaciis Sejameba da saTanado daskvnebis gakeTeba
_ sakuTari azris Camoyalibeba da dasabuTeba
_ teqstis mokle Sinaarsis gadmocema TxrobiT da werilobiT
_ saganTSorisi kavSiri maTematikasTan (transferuli unar-Cvevebis
formireba)
_ martivi dargobrivi teqstis Seqmna
brujwpcfcj
_ moswavle kiTxulobs da aanalizebs martiv sainformacio teqsts
_ ajamebs am informacias
_ gadmoscems wakiTxulis Sinaarss jer vrclad, Semdeg mokled
_ wers
_ adgens martiv dargobriv teqsts (amocanis piroba)
_ iyenebs maTematikaSi Seswavlil codnas konkretul SemTxvevaSi
_ ecnoba ganmazogadebel (gamaerTianebel) sityvas da masTan sasveni
niSnebis (orwertili, tire) gamoyenebis konkretul SemTxvevebs
I. teqstze muSaoba
1. kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba _ Sedgeba `gonebrivi ieriSis ruka”:
sicocxlis wyaro
sinaTlis wyaro
mze
kaSkaSa
cxeli
142
damatebiTi informacia maswavleblisaTvis: evgeni xaraZe, daibada 1906 w, gardaicvala _
2001 w, cnobili qarTveli mecnieri, astronomi, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis prezidenti
1976-1986 wlebSi, Tsu reqtori 1959-65 wlebSi, saerTaSoriso astronomiuli kavSiris vice-prezidenti 1976-1982 wlebSi, uamravi Sromisa da saxelmZRvnelos avtori. misi samecniero Sromebi
exeba galaqtikis agebulebas, masSi myof varskvlavTa maxasiaTeblebis Seswavlas.
2. teqstis kiTxva da analizi _ teqstis damuSavebis gza induqciuria _
nawilidan mTelisaken. moswavleebi teqsts kiTxuloben nawil-nawil da maswavleblis daxmarebiT aanalizeben azrobrivad dasrulebuli TiToeuli monakveTis Sinaarss, ecnobian im informacias, romelic TiToeul monakveTSia mocemuli; adgenen gegmas, romelic daaxloebiT aseT saxes miiRebs:
mzisa da mTvaris mdebareoba kosmosSi
mzis moculoba
mzis dacileba dedamiwidan
ra mouva alams mzeze
mzis Sedgeniloba
mze sinaTlisa da sococxlis wyaroa
mzis energiis gamoyeneba momavalSi
moswavleebi saubroben TiToeul sakiTxze da ajameben im informacias, rac
maT am gakveTilze miiRes mzis Sesaxeb; SeiZleba Sedges sqemac: ra vicodi mzis
Sesaxeb, ra gavige, ris gageba mainteresebs. es samuSao SeiZleba Sesruldes
wyvilebSi an jgufurad.
teqsti gaanalizdeba TandarTuli kiTxvebis saSualebiT, aRsaniSnavia, rom
mze am teqstSi daxasiaTeblia mTvaresTan SepirispirebiT, amitom am momentzec
unda gavamaxviloT yuradReba.
3. teqstis Sinaarsis gadmocema _ moswavleebi gadmoscemen teqstis Sinaarss jer vrclad, Semdeg ki mokled. am mizniT gamoiyeneba àqtivobebis rveulSi” mocemuli #1 davaleba: yuradRebiT waikiTxe qvemoT mocemuli winadadebebi,
aRniSne +-iT is winadadebebi, romlebic, Seni azriT, ufro mniSvnelovania am
teqstisaTvis (+-iT aRiniSneba a), g) d) v) z) i) k) l) punqtebi), Semdeg moswavleebi
mxolod am punqtebze dayrdnobiT jer TxrobiT, Semdeg ki werilobiT (davaleba
#2) gadmoscemen teqstis mokle Sinaarss.
4. teqstis gaazreba _ testuri davaleba (swori pasuxia g). klass SeiZleba
SevTavazoT sadiskusio Tema: `mze adamianis samsaxurSi”.
5. martivi dargobrivi teqstis Seqmna _ davaleba #3. aq mocemul kiTxvebze dayrdnobiT moswavleebi adgenen maTematikuri amocanis teqsts da xsnian
mas:
`mze dedamiwidan 150 000 000 km-iT aris daSorebuli, igi 400-jer Sors aris
dedamiwidan, vidre mTvare~.
143
_ ra manZiliT aris daSorebuli dedamiwidan mTvare?
amoxsna
150 000 000 : 400 = 375 000
pasuxi: 375 000 km.
ganmazogadebeli sityva da sasveni niSnebi masTan _ davaleba #4.
144
hblwfUjmfcjt!nbtbmb
rostom elaniZis `varZia~, sakavSirebeli sityvebi
nj{ofcj
_ informaciis Sejameba da saTanado daskvnebis gakeTeba
_ teqstis Sinaarsis gadmocema vrclad da mokled
_ saganTaSorisi kavSiri
_ sakavSirebel sityvebze (kavSirebze) dakvirveba da maTi funqciis garkveva
brujwpcfcj
_ ajamebs martiv saganmanaTleblo informacias (ra vicodi, ra gavige, ris
gageba mainteresebs)
_ adgens gegmas mokle Sinaarsis gadmosacemad
_gadmoscems wakiTxulis Sinaarss vrclad da mokled
_ wers
_ aRadgens deformirebul teqsts
_ akvirdeba sakavSirebeli sityvebis funqcias winadadebebSi da
praqtikulad iyenebs maT
I. teqstze muSaoba
1. kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba _ maswavlebeli moswavleebs avalebs gaixsenon,
romel istriuli Zeglebs icnoben, ra smeniaT maT Sesaxeb (es samuSoa SeiZleba
Sesruldes jgufurad). aqve maswavlebeli klass esaubreba varZiis Sesaxeb da
uCvenebs saTanado TvalsaCino masalasac.
a) rostom elaniZe_ daibada 1910 wels axmetis rn-is sof. CiRoSi, 1932-1938 wlebSi swavlobda Tsu filologiis, Semdeg ki biologis fakultetebze, ganaTlebiT aris mecnier-zoologi,
biologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, wlebis manZilze moRvaweobda saq. mecn. akademiis zoologiis
institutSi. samwerlo moRvaweobas eweva 1927 wlidan, roca pirvelad gamoqveynda misi leqsebi
gaz. àxal sofelSi”. aris avtori moTxrobaTa krebulebisa: `TeTri mTebi” (1951 w), `maswavlebeli” (1954 w), `gia da yaSa” (1959 w), `tyis zRaprebi” (1961 w), `TeTri mercxali” (1970 w), `brolis
xeoba” (1981 w), `moTxrobebi” (1984 w)... mwerlis SemoqmedebaSi mTavaria istoriuli Tematika da
ekologia _ cxovelTa da frinvelTa samyaro...
b) varZia _ kldeSi nakveTi samonastro kompleqsi, XII-XIII ss. qarTuli mxatvruli kulturis Zegli. mdebareobs istoriul javaxeTSi, aspinZis raionSi, mdinare mtkvris marcxena na-
145
pirze. samonastro ansambli Seiqmna ZiriTadad 1184-1213 wlebSi, akurTxes 1185 wels 15 agvistos.
gamokveTilia eruSeTis mTis kalTaze Sveul kldeze, ganlagebulia 13 sarTulad. misi mSenebloba ramdenime etapad mimdinareobda_I etapze, giorgi III-is mefobis wlebSi (1156-1184 w), SemuSavda gegma da gamoikveTa pirveli senakebi eklesiiTurT; II etapze, Tamaris mefobisas (1184-1185 w),
arsebuli gegma ramdenadme Seicvala, Catarda monastris rekonstruqcia, kldeSi gamokveTes
RvTismSoblis miZinebis taZari, moixata, damTavrda monzvnebis senakebi da saTavsebi, agreTve
TavdacviTi nagebobebi. IV etapi dakavSirebulia 1283 wlis miwisZvrasTan, mSeneblobis V etapze
ki Seiqmna didi satrapezo. monasterSi sacxovrebeli kompleqsis 420 saTavsia, maT Soris 25 marani 185 qvevriT. taZris moxatuloba qarTuli monumenturi ferweris mniSvnelovani Zeglia. am
mxriv sayuradReboa giorgi III-isa da Tamar mefis portretebi.
2. teqstis kiTxva da analizi _ teqsti ikiTxeba nawil-nawil, gzadagza moswavleTa saerTo Zalebis aixsneba gaugebari sityvebi da gamoTqmebi, garda `sityvaTa salaroSi” miTiTebuli leqsikuri erTeulebisa, moswavleebisaTvis SeiZleba gaugebari aRmoCndes Semdegi sityvebi da frazebi:
cicabo _ Zalze daqanebuli (klde, mTa)
saTareSod _ asaoxreblad, TareSi _ rbeva, aoxreba
navardi _ laRi, Tavisufali frena; sanavardo _ adgili, sadac navardoben
naqalaqevi _ adgili, sadac adre qalaqi iyo
mxedrisaken gezi aiRo _ mxedrisaken gaemarTa
skore _ frinvelis ganavali, skintli
gonwasuli _ ugono, gulwasuli
daRadruli _ dakawruli
mowiwebiT _ moridebiT
sworupovari _ Seudarebeli, saukeTeso
nabudari _ adgili, sadac adre bude iyo...
eambora _ akoca...
moswavleebi erTxel kidev kiTxuloben teqsts Tavidan bolomde (am dros
SeiZleba gamoviyenoT Cumi kiTxva), Semdeg maswavleblis damxmare kiTxvebis saSualebiT gadmoscemen teqstis Sinaarss. gaanalizdeba, rodis moxda teqstSi
aRwerili moqmedeba (Tamaris dros, e. i. me-12 saukuneSi), sad moxda (mesxeTSi,
mdinare mtkvris marcxena napiras), vin SeiZleba iyos teqstSi aRwerili Wabuki
mxedari (SoTa rusTaveli), ra miniSnebebia amis Sesaxeb teqstSi (moRvaweobda
Tamaris dros, iyo cnobili poeti, dawera sworupovari poema), misi ra Tvisebebi
Cans teqstSi (igi aris gabeduli, keTili da uSiSari, mokrZalebuli, aqvs musikaluri niWi), Tamaris ra Tvisebebi Cans teqstSi (Zalze keTilia da yuradRebiani,
afasebs Tavganwirvas), rogor aSenda varZia, ratom daerqva mas es saxeli... aq
maswavlebels SeuZlia, gaakeTos mokle istoruli eqskursi da klass ganumartos _ teqstSi moTxrobili ambavi xalxuri Tqmulebis safuZvelzea Seqmnili,
sinamdvileSi ki varZiis cixeqalaqis mSenebloba Tamaris mefobamde daiwyo. aqve
moswavleebi asruleben àqtivobebis rveulSi~ moTavsebul #3 davalebas (ra
vicodiT Tamaris Sesaxeb, ra gavigeT, ris gageba gvainteresebs).
146
3. mokle Sinaarsis gadmocema _ moswavleebi nawil-nawil kiTxuloben
teqsts da mokle Sinaarsis gadmosacemad adgenen gegmas, romelic daaxloebiT
aseT saxes miiRebs:
saSiSi mtacebeli
axalgazrda mxedris simamace
bavSvis gadarCena
mefesTan Sexvedra
mefis madloba
varZiis mSenebloba...
am gegmis mixedviT moswavleebi jer nawil-nawil, Semdeg ki gabmuli TxrobiT gadmoscemen teqstis Sinaarss, asruleben werilobiT #1 da #2 davalebebs.
4. deformirebuli teqstis aRdgena _ davaleba #5 (swori pasuxebia: 2, 1, 4,
3).
sakavSirebeli sityvebi (kavSirebi) _ maswavlebeli dafaze wers winadadebas _ `kaspiisa da Savi zRvebis Sua sivrce saTareSod da sanavardod hqonda~,
gairkveva, ramdenjer meordeba am winadadebaSi sityva `da~, romel sityvebs
akavSirebs igi (kaspiisa da Savi zRvebi, saTareSod da sanavardod), Semdeg avalebs `da~ sityviT erTmaneTTan daakavSiron ori winadadeba: `mesxi frinvelis
sadgoms miuaxlovda~, òrbma safrTxe igrZno”. sruldeba davaleba #4.
momdevno Temis _ giorgi leoniZis `siyvaruli maS gaqvs visi?” dagegmvas mTlianad maswavlebels vandobT, vTavazobT mxolod damatebiT informacias:
_ giorgi leoniZe, cnobili qarTveli poeti, daibada 1897 wels sof. patarZeulSi, sagarejos
raionSi; daamTavra Tbilisis sasuliero saswavlebli, Semdeg ki _ sasuliero seminaria (1918 w),
erTxans swavlobda Tsu-Si; misi pirveli leqsi `mcxeTa” daibeWda 1911 wels; 1916 wels gamosca
literaturuli krebuli `safironi~, 1923 wels misi redaqtoribiT gamoica kvireuli saliteraturo gazeTi `baxtrioni”; 1931 wlidan saTaveSi Caudga saqarTvelos saliteraturo muzeums,
romlis xelmZRvanelic iyo 1953 wlamd; 1967 wels am muzeums giorgi leoniZis saxeli miekuTvna.
muSaobda enisa da literturis institutSi, iyo krebul ”literaturuli memkvidreobis” pasuxismgebeli mdivani; leqsebis pirveli krebuli gamosca 1938 wels; avtoria mTeli rigi literaturul-mecnieruli naSromebisa: `didmouraviani~, `sulxan-saba orbeliani~, `Sahnavaziani~,
`mgosani saiaTnova~, `besiki da misi dro~, `cxovreba firosmanisa”... misi SemoqmedebisaTvis mTavaria patriotuli Tematika. gardaicvala 1966 wels.
147
hblwfUjmfcjt!nbtbmb
àRmoCenebi~ bunebismetyvelebaSi, (Cexi mwerlis _ klara iarunkovas _ mixedviT), marTlweris sakiTxebi: micemiT brunvaSi ori s.
u-s win vv-s xmareba (gameoreba).
pirvel pirSi unj{ofcj
_ gabmul Txrobaze muSaoba
_ paralelis gavleba Seswavlil nawarmoebTa Soris
_ saganTaSorisi kavSiri (qarTuli ena _ bunebismcodneoba)
_ moqmed pirTa SedarebiTi daxasiaTeba
_ weriTi metyvelebis ganviTareba
_ frazeologizmebze muSaoba
_ marTlweris CvevaTa formireba
I gakveTili
maswavlebeli klass Seaxsenebs citatas adre Seswavlili moTxrobidan:
`merxze mxolod ydaRa iyo. sandrom mofarebiT aiRo carieli yda, undoda isic
daemala, magram maswavlebels rames gamoaparebdi?~. arkveven mesame klasSi Seswavlili romeli nawarmoebidanaa igi (q. WilaSvilis `furclebi~). gaixseneben,
ratom iyo merxze mxolod yda (sakontrolo weris dros sandros xan SeeSala,
xan dasvara, xan Tavis batifexuriT naweri ar moewona, xan kidev mezoblis rveulidan gadawyvita gadawera, gverdze yurebaSi asoebi xazs aacdina da aRma-daRma
Seafina iribad. yoveli dabrkolebis dros TiTo furceli amoxia da mxolod
ydaRa SerCa). sandros ra Tvisebebi Cans am nawarmoebSi? (daudevroba, sizarmace,
sicrue, Tavis mowonebis survili). risi Tqma surs mwerals mkiTxvelisaTvis?
(tyuili ar daimaleba...). romeli andaza Seesabameba am moTxrobas? (rac mogiva,
daviTao, yvela Seni TaviTao).
maswavlebeli klass mimarTavs: dRes Tqven gaecnobiT axal moTxrobas àRmoCenebi~ bunebismetyvelebaSi~, daakvirdiT da gakveTilis bolos gviTxariT,
ratom gavixseneT Seswavlili moTxroba `furclebi~, ra msgavseba da ra gansxvavebaa am or moTxrobas Soris.
teqsts monacvleobiT kiTxulobs kiTxvaSi gawafuli 2-3 moswavle (Tavidan
bolomde), ganmeorebiT, nawil-nawil kiTxvis dros aixsneba ucnobi sityvebi da
gamoTqmebi:
148
bunebismetyveleba _ bunebis Semswavleli mecnierebani (fizika, qimia, biologia, geografia, geologia...).
iWaWeba _ mTel Zal-Rones Zabavs da ise icinis.
horoskopi _ (berZn. horo _ dro, skopi _ vuyureb) _ varskvlavTa ganlagebis cxrili, romelsac adgendnen Sua saukuneebSi astrologebi ama Tu im
pirovnebis bedis sawinaswarmetyvelod.
ujredi _ organizmis agebulebis umartivesi erTeuli; cocxali nivTierebis ZiriTadi forma, romelic damaxasiaTebelia cxoveluri da mcenareuli samyarosaTvis.
moswavleTa ZalebiT moxdeba am ucnob sityvaTa gaTvalsaCinoeba (sxvadasxva winadadebaSi gamoyeneba).
tardeba gamokrebiTi kiTxva. maswavleblis mier dasmul pirveli donis
kiTxvebis pasuxebs moswavleebi saxelmZRvaneloSi amoikiTxaven:
_ ratom iyo daTo arxeinad? (`kaxasagan gadaviwere, kaxa ki yvelas sjobia~).
_ ra ganacxada daTom? (`me sulac ar vRelav, Cemi Tavis imedi maqvs~).
_ ra uTxra laSam daTos? (`nu trabaxob, magasac vnaxav~).
_ ra uTxra klass maswavlebelma? (èrTma Tqvenma megobarma... erTad dafaze CamogiweroT~).
_ ra Camowera dafaze maswavlebelma? (kiTxva.... pasuxi....)
_ visi egona es àRmoCenebi~ daTos? (`ratomRac vifiqre ... TavSekavebulad
iRimeboda~).
_ ra uTxra laSam daTos, roca SeamCnia, mas uyurebda? (èg Cemi naweri ar
aris... rogor davwerdi?~).
_ rodis Sewyvites bavSvebma sicili? (`maswavlebelma male ganacxada: .... es
ki aravis aRar moewona~).
_ ra uTxra maswavlebelma daTos? (`Sen rom Tavidan bolomde gadaiwere...
ojaxs miakuTvne?~).
_ ras ambobda kaxaze gabrazebuli daTo? (`SeiZleba laSas adgilic ki gavucvalo... modi da amis Semdeg ende magas!~).
_ ra uTxra saRamoTi kaxam daTos? (`- nu memdurebi... gakeTeba mindoda~).
_ ras ambobs bolos daTo? (`dakvirvebiT ki gadaviwer...~)
aqtivoba 3 _ orToepiasa da orTografiaze muSaoba (4 wuTi):
nawil-nawil kiTxvis dros yuradReba maxvildeba Znelad dasawer da warmosaTqmel sityvebze: orSabaTs (orSafaTs) gvqonda (qvqonda), bavSvebi (bovSebi, bavSebi), arxeinad (arxeinaT), gasagonad (gasagonaT), trabaxob (trabaxof),
gaakeTa (gakeTa), daasaxele (dasaxele), xeebi (xebi), klass (klas), metad (metaT),
magivrad (magivraT), ekuTvnoda (ekuTnoda), vuyurebdi (uyurebdi), geyofaT
(geyofad), vupasuxe (upasuxe), gavucvalo (gaucvalo), gadavjde (gadavJde),
iribad (iribaT), Wkviani (Wkuiani), Cum-Cumad (CumCumaT), dakvirvebiT (dakvirebiT).
(SeiZleba SecdomiT dawerili sityvebi baraTebiT davurigoT TiToeul
jgufs da gaasworon teqstis gamoyenebiT).
149
aqtivoba 4 _ teqstis Sinaarsis gadmocema kiTxva-pasuxiT (5 wuTi):
_ ra Secdomebi dauSva daTom werisas? (parkosan ojaxs miakuTvna weriTi
samuSao, mcenareuli ujredis gamadidebel xelsawyod miiCnia lobio da a.S. ...).
_ riT iyo gamowveuli es Secdomebi? (daukvirdeblobiT. arasworad gadaiwera pirveli kiTxvis pasuxi kaxasagan, rasac mohyva danarCeni Secdomebic).
_ ratom gabrazda daTo kaxaze? (egona, kaxam Seiyvana SecdomaSi, ratom
dawera `weriTi samuSao~, Tanac iribado, swored es megona pirveli kiTxvis pasuxio).
_ rogor Serigdnen biWebi? (saRamos Sin ewvia daTos kaxa da siciliT uTxra:
nu memdurebi, sxva dros ufro dakvirvebiT gadaviwer, ra vicodi, rom Sen àRmoCenebis~ gakeTeba gindoda. daToc daeTanxma, Tumca moiTxova, kaxac unda gadaeCvios striqonebis daqanebas, raTa SecdomaSi ar Seiyvanos adamianio).
aqtivoba 5 _ wakiTxulis gaazreba (4 wuTi): es nawarmoebi aris:
a) mxiaruli da gasarTobi.
b) mosawyeni da Wkuisaswavli.
g) mxiaruli da Wkuissaswavli.
swori pasuxia: g)
a) sityvis xmareba gadataniTi mniSvnelobiT _
_ moswavleebi ukvirdebian romel pirSia Txroba (pirvel pirSi) vin
mogviTxrobs teqstSi aRweril ambavs (daTo), vis uyveba daTo am ambavs (msmenels);
_ romel àRmoCenebzea~ saubari teqstSi (`purs Rebuloben mikroskopiT~,
`xeebi sunTqaven xorbliT~, `bunebrivi sasuqia fesvebi~....~).
_ vis ekuTvnis es àRmoCenebi?~ (daTos).
_ vin iyenebs am sityvas? (maswavlebeli, kaxa).
_ ra mniSvnelobiT iyeneben? (ironiiT, dacinviT).
b) paronimebze dakvirveba _
_ `mikroskopi~ da `horoskopi~ laSas erTmaneTSi aeria, ratom? riT
hgavs es sityvebi erTmaneTs? riT gansxvavdeba? (hgavs asoTa SemadgenlobiT,
Semadgeneli 10 da 9 aso-bgeridan 7 erTnairia. amasTan TiToeul sityvaSi oTxi
marcvalia, aqedan sami marcvali _ ro, sko, pi _ erTnairia, gansxvavebulia mxolod pirveli marcvlebi: mik, ho _ ramac ganapiroba am sityvaTa sruliad gansxvavebuli Sinaarsi).
mikroskopi aris optikuri xelsawyo Zlier gamadidebeli SuSebiT, ixmareba
TvaliT uxilavi sagnebisa da organizmebis dasaTvaliereblad. xolo horoskopi _ varskvlavTa ganlagebis cxrilia, romelsac adgendnen Sua saukuneebSi astrologebi ama Tu im pirovnebis bedis sawinaswarmetyvelod.
maswavleblis daxmarebiT jgufebi asaxeleben analogiur magaliTebs:
mikroskopi _ teleskopi; Termometri _ barometri...
teleskopi _ optikuri xelsawyo cis mnaTobebze dakvirvebis sawarmoeblad.
Termometri _ temperaturis gasazomi xelsawyo.
150
barometri _ atmosferuli wnevis sazomi xelsawyo.
akvirdebian pirveli ori marcvlis SecvliT gamowveul Sinaarsobriv cvlilebebs.
aqve SeiZleba moswavleebma gaixsenon sityvaSi pirveli asos SecvliT
gamowveuli Sinaarsobrivi cvlilebebi:
mela _ bela _ gela _ Tela _ nela _ lela
neli _ veli _ geli _ weli _ seli _ beli _ celi _ xeli
guli _ suli _ fuli _ ruli _ muli _ nuli _ culi
puri _ Suri _ muri _ furi _ yuri _ curi _ Wuri
qari _ kari _ tari _ bari _ lari _ dari _ zari _ sari...
moswavleebi ajameben, ra gaiges axali am gakveTilze (gaiges ra aris mikroskopi, horoskopi. rogor cvlis sityvis Sinaarss masSi erTi asos Secvla.
gaiges rom Seni codnis imedad unda iyo, sxvis imedze yofnisas erTi daSvebuli
SecdomiT uamravi àRmoCenis~ avtori SeiZleba gaxde da yvelas ironia daimsaxuro), erTmaneTs uziareben TavianT STabeWdilebebs.
aqtivoba 8 _ moswavleTa Sefaseba (3 wuTi):
gakveTilis bolos maswavlebeli klasTan erTad sityvierad, komentariT
afasebs ramdenime moswavles. gasaTvaliswinebelia Semdegi parametrebi:
praqtikuli muSaoba (organizebuloba, SemoqmedebiToba da masalis floba), msjeloba klasSi (aqtiuroba, sakuTari azris dasabuTeba, koreqtuloba);
urTierTSefasebaSi aqtiurad monawileoben moswavleebic.
àRmoCenebi~ bunebismetyvelebaSi _ weriTi samuSao davaleba #2 (àqtivobebis rveuli~ _ ècade, gaagrZelo es moTxroba~).
II gakveTili
aqtivoba 1 _ gakveTils viwyebT wina gakveTilze mocemuli davalebis
(ècade gaagrZelo es moTxroba~) irgvliv msjelobiT. varkvevT, waukiTxes
Tu ara TavianTi namuSevrebi megobrebs, moismines Tu ara maTi Sefasebebi. ra
Sefasebebi misces megobrebma, gaiziares Tu ara maTi SeniSvnebi, romel SeniSvnas ar iziareben da ratom... wavakiTxebT ramdenime moswavles, klasi gamoTqvams
mosazrebebs wakiTxulis irgvliv.
moswavleebi Seavseben erTmaneTis pasuxebs (3 wuTi).
aqtivoba 2_ teqstis Sinaarsis gadmocema (10 wuTi):
moswavleebi teqstis Sinaarss gadmoscemen jer maswavleblis damxmare
kiTxvebis saSualebiT:
_ ratom ar Relavda daTo Sefasebis gamocxadebisas? (kaxasagan gadaiwera,
kaxa ki yvelas sjobda am saganSi).
151
_ ras acxadebs daTo yvelas gasagonad? (me sulac ar vRelav, Cemi Tavis
imedi maqvs).
_ mis ra Tvisebaze migviTiTebs es faqti? (matyuarobaze, Tavis mowonebis
survilze).
_ mixvda daTo Tavis Secdomas? ratom fiqrobT ase?
(daTo ver mixvda Tavis Secdomas, rac naTlad Cans moTxrobis bolo
striqonidan: `dakvirvebiT ki gadaviwer, magram kaxac unda gadaeCvios striqonebis daqanebas, raTa adamiani SecdomaSi ar Seiyvanos~, ambobs igi).
_ Tqveni azriT, hqonda daTos kaxaze gabrazebis safuZveli?
(ar hqonda, mas ar dauSlia Tavisi naSromiT sargebloba daTosaTvis, romelmac gadawerac ki ver moawerxa sworad).
_ ris Tqma surs mwerals mkiTxvelisaTvis? (ar SeiZleba mxolod sxvis imedad yofna, yovel saqmeSi sibejiTe da dakvirvebulobaa saWiro).
_ rogor gveubneba igi Tavis saTqmels? (mxiarulad, iumoris saxiT).
_ ram moggvaraT Rimili am teqstSi?
(daTos mier Sesrulebulma namuSevarma, misma àRmoCenebma~).
_ ra saTauri SeiZleba SevurCioT kidev am teqsts? (`saWiroa yuradReba~,
`mxiaruli moTxroba~, `daukvirvebeli daTo~, rac mogiva, daviTao~... da a.S.).
moswavleebi teqstis Sinaarss gadmoscemen mesame pirSi gabmuli TxrobiT.
aqtivoba 3 _ moqmed pirTa daxasiaTeba (7 wuTi): (jgufebSi muSaoba)
maswavleblis davalebiT moswavleebi asaxeleben moTxrobis moqmed pirebs
(daTo, kaxa, laSa, maswavlebeli), asaxeleben TiToeulis Tvisebas (daTo _ arxeini, Tavmomwone, daukvirvebeli, zarmaci... kaxa _ Wkviani, avtoritetuli,
Tavmdabali, iumoris mqone... laSa _ gamousworebeli zarmaci, uyuradRebo,
TavisTavSi darwmunebuli... . maswavlebeli _ taqtiani, yuradRebiani...), klasSi
adastureben TiToeulis Tvisebebs teqstidan.
aqve adareben erTmaneTs q. WilaSvilis `furclebsa~ da axlad Seswavlil
moTxrobas àRmoCenebi~ bunebismetyvelebaSi. adgenen ra msgavseba da gansxvavebaa am or nawarmoebs Soris:
(orive moTxrobaSi maswavlebeli yuradRebiania. `furclebi~ xom ase
mTavrdeba: `magram maswavlebels rames gamoaparebdi?~...
orive moTxrobaSi moqmedeba mimdinareobs skolaSi, gakveTilze, tardeba
weriTi samuSao, oriveSi moswavleebi (sandro, daTo) cdiloben sxvisgan gadaiweron, oriveSi Cans mTavar moqmed pirTa erTnairi Tvisebebi (daudevroba, sicrue, Tavis mowonebis survili, sizarmace). orive moTxrobas Seefereba andaza:
`rac mogiva, daviTao, yvela Seni TaviTao~.
am or nawarmoebs Soris is gansxvavebaa, rom daTom moaxerxa gadawera (Tumc
SecdomiT) da warudgina maswavlebels. xolo sandrom verc TviT dawera, verc
gadawera moaxerxa, imdenjer amoxia furceli rveulidan, rom marto ydaRa SerCa xelSi, amasTan, àRmoCenebi bunebismetyvelebaSi~ mxiaruli da Wkuisaswavlebelia, xolo `furclebi~ mxolod Wkuissaswavlebeli).
152
aqtivoba 4 _ weriTi metyvelebis ganviTarebaze muSaoba (10-11 wuTi):
moswavleebi weren moTxrobis àRmoCenebi~ bunebismetyvelebaSi~ mokle
Sinaarss. evalebaT, imetyvelon mesame pirSi. (àqtivobebis rveulSi~ davaleba
#1).
ramdenime moswavles wavakiTxebT da gavaanalizebT moswavleTa daxmarebiT.
aqtivoba 5: enobriv masalaze dakvirveba (3 wuTi) _ savarjiSoSi (àqtivobebis rveuli~, davaleba #3) erTi da igive zmna `Tqva~ ramdenjerme meordeba, moswavleebs evalebaT saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi Secvalon igi SinaarsiT
maxlobeli zmnebiT _ ganacxada, uTxra, upasuxa, sTxova, hkiTxa. zmnebi ase Seicvleba: pirvel abzacSi `Tqva~ Seicvleba sityviT `ganacxada~, meore abzacSi
_ `hkiTxa~, mesameSi _ ùpasuxa~, meoTxeSi _ `ganacxada~, mexuTeSi davtovebT
sityvas `vTqvi~, meeqvseSi Seicvleba sityviT `vTxove~, meSvideSi _ `mipasuxa~,
merveSi _ `gvTxova~.
aqtivoba 6 _ frazeologizmebze muSaoba (4 wuTi):
yurebamde gawiTlda _ (Zalian Sercxva)
yurebis Camoyra _ (darcxvena, daRoneba, dasusteba)
yurebis gamoWedva _ (Tavis mobezreba zedmeti laparakiT)
yurebze xaxvi ar damaWra _ (veras damakleb, ver momerevi)
yurebSi bambis dacoba _ (gangeb armosmena risime, siyruis mogoneba)
yuris dagdeba _ (mosmena)
yuris mokvra _ (SemTxveviT risame mosmena)
yuris Sebertyva _ (gamofxizleba, Sesmena naTqvamisa)
yurisZirSi _ sul axlos, iqve, gverdiT...
(moxdeba am frazeologizmebis gaTvalsaCinoeba _ maTi gamoyeneba winadadebebSi. nimuSi: yurebis Camoyra: `giam dRes dabali qulebis miRebis gamo
yurebi Camoyara~, yurebis gamoWedva: `trabaxam yurebi gamogviWeda TavisTavis
qebiT...~).
aqtivoba 7 _ Sejameba (3 wuTi)
aqtivoba 8 _Sefaseba (2 wuTi)
àRmoCenebi~ bunebismetyvelebaSi~, weriTi davaleba #4 (àqtivobebis rveuli~) _ gamotovebul adgilas Casvi kavSiri (oRond, magram, Tumca, ki). (pirvel
winadadebaSi Caismeba kavSiri ki, meoreSi _ Tumca, mesameSi _ magram, meoTxeSi
_ ki, mexuTeSi _ oRond).
Sedegebis kodi: IV1, IV2, IV3, IV6, IV7, IV10, IV12, IV13, IV14
153
hblwfUjmfcjt!nbtbmb
keTili uCinmaCinebi (germaneli mwerlis volf brenekis mixedviT),
sainformacio gancxadeba
nj{ofcj
_ kiTxvis martivi strategiebis daufleba
_ literaturuli personaJebis martivi daxasiaTeba
_ wakiTxulis Sefaseba, daskvnebis gakeTeba da sakuTari azris dasabuTeba
_ weriTi metyvelebis ganviTareba
_ diskusiis xelovnebis daufleba
_ sainformacio gancxadebis gacnoba
I gakveTili
maswavlebeli klass yofs sam jgufad da TiToeul jgufs aZlevs davalebas _ gaixsenon sityvebi `keTilis~ gamoyenebiT da Seavson `gonebrivi ieriSis~
ruka, romelic dafazea daxazuli:
Sobili
sindisieri
saimedo
ganwyobili
keTil-
mosurne
gonieri
dReoba
mosagonari
ismyofeli
mezobloba
154
TiTo jgufi moifiqrebs da morigeobiT Cawers sityvas, amasTan unda axsnas
ras niSnavs es sityva. gaimarjvebs is jgufi, romelic met sityvas moifiqrebs:
keTilsindisieri _ patiosani, sindisieri;
keTilganwyobili _ vinc keTilad aris ganwyobili visime, risime mimarT.
keTilgonieri _ gonieri, windaxeduli, Wkviani; keTildReoba _ kargi,
bednieri cxovreba; keTilismyofeli _ vinmesTvis sikeTis msurveli da sikeTis
moqmedi; keTilmezobloba _ kargi mezobluri urTierToba; keTilmosagonari
_ sasiamovno mosagonari; keTilmosurne _ vinmesTvis sikeTis msurveli, visime mimarT kargad ganwyobili; keTilsaimedo _ sruliad saimedo, misandobeli.
keTilSobili _ zneobrivad faqizi, didsulovani, kacTmoyvare, patiosani.
moswavleebi gaixseneben andazebs sikeTeze (`kargi hqeni, qvaze dade, gaiare
win dagxvdeba~, èrTi Txilis guli cxra Zmam gaiyo~, `sikeTis nergi ixarebs, dargo Tund sipsa qvazeda~, `yveli da purio, keTili gulio~...). moigoneben, TviT ra
sikeTe gaukeTebiaT sxvisTvis, sxvebs ki maTTvis.
_ Seswavlili nawarmoebis mixedviT, rodis gaxdeba sikeTe muWa bzis fasi?
(àmqveynad sikeTis fasi araferia, magram Tu kacs sikeTes gauwevs da TviTonve
moiTxovs samagieros, maSin sikeTe muWa bzis fasi xdebao~, èrTi muWa bze~, III
kl.).
maswavlebeli klass mimarTavs revaz inaniSvilis sityvebiT: `loginSi rom
wvebi, Tu wuTiT mainc Segipyrobs fiqri, sadRac viRacas sciva, sadRac viRacas
enatreba logini, sadRac avadmyofi frinveli kankalebs buCqis Ziras, anda
cxoveli wkmutuniT ilokavs Wrilobas, _ ukve namdvili adamiani xar~.
maswavlebeli iwyebs teqstis kiTxvas. waikiTxavs rva abzacs, ris Semdeg 3-4
moswavle ganagrZobas kiTxvas. aixsneba ucnobi sityvebi da gamoTqmebi:
uCinmaCini _ vinc gauCinarebulia, SeumCnevelia, visac viTomda gauCinarebis unari aqvs.
uCinmaCinis qudi _ (zRaprebSi) qudi, romelic adamians uCinars xdis.
Stabeli (germ.) _ wesieri, geometriuli formiT dawyobili saSeni an sxva
ram masala, SeSa da misT.
qvafenili _ qviT mofenili, mokirwyluli nawili quCisa (transportis
savalad)
kefis mofxana _ dafiqreba, orWofoba, gadauwyvetloba risame
ugulisyuro _ uyuradRebo
sixaruls sazRvari ar hqonda _ uzomod uxarodaT, Zalzed kmayofilni
iyvnen.
skveri (ing.) _ patara sazogado baRi qalaqSi.
RriWo _ igivea, rac RreCo _ viwro da grZeli WuWrutana.
faqtebze orientirebuli kiTxvebiT Catardeba gamokrebiTi kiTxva:
_ ra gadawyvites Vb klasis moswavleebma?
_ ratom ucdidnen isini mouTmenlad giorgis gamoCenas?
_ ra idea SesTavaza giorgim amxanagebs?
_ rogori iyo Sejibris pirobebi?
155
_ ra keTili saqmeebiT gamoiCines Tavi bavSvebma?
_ ratom ijda xolme stefane Cumad? ra iyo misi ukmayofilebis mizezi?..
(pasuxebs moswavleebi teqstidan amoikiTxaven).
aqtivoba 3 _ teqtis gageba da gaazreba (7 wuTi):
_ sad xdeba teqstSi aRwerili ambavi? (skolaSi)
_ ra Sejibris mowyoba gadawyvites bavSvebma? (CaetarebinaT `keTili uCinmaCinebis~ Sejibri).
_ rogori iyo Sejibris pirobebi? (axali saqmis mogoneba _ sami qula,
monawileobis miReba _ erTi qula...
_ CamoTvaleT, vin ra gaakeTa? (giorgi ucnobs uzarmazari, mZimed datvirTuli urikis gagorebaSi daexmara; vanom saxlis win mdebare skveri daasufTava. gigam winadadeba wamoayena sportuli moednis mSeneblebs qvebis Stabelebad
awyobaSi mixmarebodnen, nanam moifiqra _ skverSi silis carieli yuTi siliT
aevsoT. stefanem skolis fanjris RriWoebi amolesa, iataki SeakeTa, saRebavi
Sinidan moitana da kedlebze dazianebuli adgilebi SeaTeTra. bavSvebma moxuc
qals SeSa dauxerxes da daulages, kedlebidan Zveli afiSebi Camofxikes).
_ ratom hqvia am nawarmoebs `keTili uCinmaCinebi~? (sikeTes uCumrad
akeTebdnen; keTili saqme Canda, gamkeTeblebi ki-ara).
_ ramdenad misaRebad geCvenebaT konkursis pirobebi? (misaRebia, gansakuTrebiT mosawonia, Tu vinme ver moaxerxebs sikeTe uCumrad akeTos, ori qula
akldeba).
aqtivoba 4 _ literaturuli paralelebis gavleba (5 wuTi):
`Zmebi~ (qarTuli xalxuri zRapari), èrTi muWa bze~, `sayveduri tyveobaze
uaresia~).
amoikiTxon teqstidan sulieri arsebiTi saxelebi, romlebic upasuxebs
kiTxvaze vin? (qali, kaci, amxanagebi ,mSeneblebi, bavSvebi, mezoblebi, giorgi,
koba, soso, stefane, nino, giga, vano...)
_ zmnizedebi: dRes, uxvad, Zlivs, mere, win, Cumad, axla, saRamos, iq, msubuqad, uCumrad, ukan, win...
_ nacvalsaxelebi: me, Cven, isini, Sen, igi, man, mas.
_ kavSirebi: roca, da, magram, ki, rom, xolo.
aqtivoba 6 _ Sejameba da Sefaseba (4 wuTi):
`keTili uCinmaCinebi~, davaleba #3 (àqtivobebis rveuli~).
156
II gakveTili
aqtivoba 1 _ teqstis kiTxva (7 wuTi)
moswavleebi kiTxuloben teqsts, gamoiyeneba kiTxvis yvela saxe, gansakuTrebiT maxvildeba yuradReba gamometyvelebiT kiTxvaze _ logikur da
fsiqologiur maxvilze, tempze, tembrze... (teqsti dialogis formisaa, amasTan
bevria kiTxviTi da Zaxilis winadadebebi).
aqtivoba 2 _ teqstis analizi (7 wuTi)
maswavlebeli svams maRali donis kiTxvebs (analizsa da sinTezze orientirebuls), moswavlem Tavad unda SeZlos wakiTxulis analizi da saTanado pasuxis mofiqreba.
_ Tqveni azriT, romeli piri akeTebda yvelaze saWiro saqmes? ratom
fiqrobT ase? (zogis azriT, yvelaze saWiro saqmes akeTebda stefane, radgan
misi gakeTebuli saqme calkeuli pirovnebisaTvis, ki ara mTeli klasisaTvis iyo
sasargeblo; zogis azriT, giorgi, radgan Sejibrebis idea misi mofiqrebuli
iyo...)
_ am moTxrobaSi ra mogewonaT yvelaze metad? romeli gmiri mogewonaT?
(moTxrobaSi yvelaze metad mosawonia saqmis uCumrad keTeba, gmirebidan ki _
stefane, romelic uCumrad ijda da Tu ar SeekiTxebodnen, imasac ki ar ambobda,
ra gaakeTa, Tumc saxlidanac ki moitana saRebavi saklaso oTaxis kedlebis SesaTeTreblad, albaT, fanjris RriWoebis amosalesi masalac Sinidan moitana, danarCenma moqmedma pirebma verc ki SeamCnies TavianTi saklaso oTaxis SekeTeba,
ramac stefanes guli atkina).
_ ra ganwyobiTaa dawerili es teqsti? ram moggvaraT Rimili?
(dawerilia mxiaruli ganwyobiT. Rimilis momgvrelia amxanagebis SekiTxva
stefanesadmi: `viRac gamoCerCetebuli xalxi Segxvedria! sad muSaob?...~)
aqtivoba 3 _ moTxrobis dayofa nakveTebad da dasaTaureba (7 wuTi):
(jgufebSi muSaoba).
nawil-nawil kiTxvis dros TiToeul suraTs warmogvidgens TiToeuli jgufi mosawoni saTaurebi daiwereba dafaze. gegma daaxloebiT aseT saxes miiRebs:
mexuTeklaselebi giorgis molodinSi
giorgis dagvianebis mizezi
Sejibris pirobebi
nanas sityva
gigas mofiqreba
Sekreba paraskevs
Sekreba orSabaTs
stefanes ukmayofileba.
weriT sruldeba davaleba #1
aqtivoba 4 _ Sinaarsis gadmocemaze muSaoba (5 wuTi):
gegmis mixedviT nawil-nawil gadmoscemen moswavleebi jer calkeuli monakveTis, Semdeg ki _ mTeli teqstis Sinaarss.
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_ moswavleebi msjeloben, am moTxrobis mixedviT, rogorebi arian mexuTeklaselebi: giorgi, soso, koba, stefane, nana, giga, vano (axasiaTeben dadebiTad
_ arian keTili uCinmaCinebi, gamoyofen maT erT uaryofiT Tvisebas: uyuradReboni arian, ver dainaxes stefanes mier gaweuli sikeTe). maTgan gansxvavebiT
mezoblebs (`netav vin dagvisufTava skverio~), moxuc qals (`netav romeli keTili jadoqari damexmarao~).
aqtivoba 5 _ weriTi samuSao (10 wuTi):
Seswavlili teqstis mixedviT dawereT `mxiaruli Sejibri~ (aqtivobebis
rveuli, davaleba #1).
aqtivoba 6 _ gramatikul masalaze muSaoba (10 wuTi):
ramdeni kiTxviTi winadadebaa teqstSi? (rva), romeli maTgani Seicavs kiTxviT sityvas? (`sad daikarga giorgi?~ `rogor Tu gzadagza fiqrobdi?~ `ra moxda?~, `ra SuaSia aq Sejibri?~, `sad muSaob~?). rogor unda wavikiTxoT es winadadebebi? sad avumaRlebT xmas? (kiTxviT sityvaze _ sad, rogor, ra, sad).
_ ramdeni Zaxilis winadadebaa teqstSi? (TxuTmeti)
_ ras gamoxatavs TiToeuli maTgani? (daRonebas, aRtacebas, gakvirvebas,
sixaruls, mwuxarebas, dananebas...) kiTxuloben am winadadebebs saTanado intonaciiT.
sasurvelia, Zaxilis winadadebaze muSaobisas gamoviyenoT jgufebSi
muSaoba. TiToeul jgufs baraTis saxiT mivawodoT xuTi winadadeba. gverdiT
miuweron, ras gamoxatavs TiToeuli maTgani: (imis gasarkvevad, Tu ra grZnobaa
gamoxatuli ama Tu im winadadebaSi, SeiZleba gamoiyenon teqstic).
baraTi I
1. iqneb daemarTa rame! (mwuxarebas)
2. biWos! es kargi gasarTobi iqneba! (aRtacebas)
3. netav genaxaT, rogor gaukvirda mas, roca urika ase msubuqad gamovida
qvafenilze! (sixaruls)
4. pirdapir sasacilo ambebi xdeba! (aRtaceba)
5. Cven ki isev SeumCnevlebi varT! (dananebas)
baraTi II
1. naxeT ra mouva bavSvebs, amden silas rom dainaxaven! (sixaruls)
2. me ufro ukeTesi ram movigone! (aRtaceba)
3. sad da Cvens saklaso oTaxSi! (dananebas)
4. amden saqmes uxmaurod rogor akeTeben! (gakvirvebas)
5. ai, ra movifiqre! (sixaruls)
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baraTi III
1. ai, sad aris saWiro Seni daxmareba! (mowodebas)
2. rogor gaukvirdebaT, xval oTxi Stabeli rom laxvdebaT! (sixaruls)
3. mkiTxaoben _ netavi vis unda eqnao! (aRtacebas)
4. viRac gamoCerCetebuli xalxi Segxvedria! (gakvirvebas)
5. ori qula davkarge! (daRonebas)
aqtivoba 7 _ Sejameba da Sefaseba (3-4 wuTi):
aqtivoba 8 _ saSinao davaleba (2-3 wuTi) àqtivobebis rveuli, davaleba #2.
III gakveTili
aqtivoba 1 _ teqstis Sinaarsis gadmocema da analizi (14 wuTi):
moswavleebi gadmoscemen teqstis Sinaarss. yuradReba eqceva teqstis Sinaarsis mesame pirSi gadmocemas, faqtebis logikur Tanmimdevrobas, orToepiasa da intonacias.
teqstis saanalizod moswavleebi erTmaneTs dausvamen kiTxvebs (wyvilebSi
muSaoba), afaseben am SekiTxvebze miRebul pasuxebs.
msjeloben moqmed pirTa saqcielze, afaseben maT, gamoTqvamen sakuTar
azrs da asabuTeben, martivad axasiaTeben literaturul personaJebs, iyeneben
teqsts.
msjeloben, ris Tqma surs mwerals mkiTxvelisaTvis (aucilebelia adamians
hqondes rogorc sikeTis uCumrad keTebis, aseve sikeTis danaxvis unari).
msjeloben sad da rodis miuRiaT monawileoba konkursSi, uCumrad Tu daxmarebian vinmes.
aqtivoba 1 _ paralelis gavleba Seswavlil teqstebTan (7 wuTi):
moswavleebi erTxel kidev gaixseneben uCinari biWebis mier gakeTebul
keTil saqmeebs `keTili uCinmaCinebis~ mixedviT _ ra uwoda uCinar biWebs moxucma qalma (keTili jadoqrebi).
_ romeli Seswavlili moTxroba gagaxsenaT sityvebma: `sikeTe~ ùCinari~
(moTxroba `sikeTe~ (III kl.). gaixseneben rogor moevlina RamiT sikeTeze meocnebe biWs uCinari, rogor Sehpirda igi biWs ocnebis Sesrulebas sikeTis keTebis
sanacvlod), riT bolovdeba es moTxroba?
(mas Semdeg yvelam icoda `qveyana sikeTe~, romelzec odesme RmerTi Camosvlas inebebs~).
gaixseneT romeli moTxrobidanaa `swored es aris sikeTis daunaxavoba! _
naRvlianad aSrialda muxis foToli da RamiT dadenili cis nami cremlebad
eqca~.
(`gazafxuli movida~ (II klasi). muxis foToli yoCivardas mTeli zamTari
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sabaniviT zed efara, raTa yinvas ar daezro, qars ar amoeTxara miwidan~, gazafxulze ki yoCivardam Tqva: `saidan moCerCetdao~, romelmac guli atkina muxis
foTols).
gaixseneben Seswavlil andazebs sikeTeze.
aqtivoba 3 _ diskusia gamonaTqvamis _ `sikeTe mzis Suqsa hgavs _ anaTebs da aTbobs~ _ irgvliv (7 wuTi):
klasi iyofa sam jgufad. TiToeuli jgufi gvTavazobs Tavis mosazrebas
gamonaTqvamis irgvliv. aucilebelia am mosazrebis dasabuTeba moqmedebs principi: yvelas azri sayuradReboa. maswavlebeli ar ereva moswavleTa pasuxebSi,
aZlevs molod gezs, rom sworad warimarTos diskusia da ar miiRos dapirispirebis xasiaTi. moswavleebi ixseneben magaliTebs Seswavlili teqstebidan, piradi
cxovrebidan, am etapze mTavaria ara mxolod WeSmaritebis Zieba, aramed diskusiis xelovnebis TandaTan daufleba, mosmena, sxvisi azris pativiscema, sakuTari mosazrebis Camoyalibeba da dasabuTeba.
aqtivoba 4 _ enobriv masalaze dakvirveba 12 wuTi:
moswavleebi kiTxuloben dafaze winaswar dawerils.
gancxadeba
dRes, 18 aprils, gakveTilebis Semdeg yvelani vrCebiT saklaso oTaxSi. visaubrebT Sejibris kvireulze.
keTili uCinmaCinebi.
arkveven: _ ra RonisZiebis Sesaxeb aris miTiTebuli am gancxadebaSi, sad
tardeba es RonisZieba, rodis tardeba da vin awers xels am gancxadebas.
_ amgvar gancxadebas sainformacio gancxadeba ewodeba, acnobs klass maswavlebeli da TviT moswavleebi kiTxuloben saxelmZRvaneloSi, ras isaxavs miznad sainformacio gancxadeba, ra unda iyos masSi srulad miTiTebuli (gv. ).
asruleben àqtivobebis rveulSi~ me-4 davalebis a punqts: `Seadgine sainformacio gancxadeba Temaze èqskursiis mowyoba~:
nimuSi:
gancxadeba
kviras, 25 maiss, IVb klasi awyobs eqskursias mcxeTaSi. vikribebiT skolasTan
dilis 8 saaTze.
meoTxeklaselebi.
aqtivoba 5 _ Sejameba da Sefaseba (3 wuTi)
`keTili uCinmaCinebi~ sainformacio gancxadeba sazeimo dResaswaulis mowyobaze (àqtivobebis rveuli~, davaleba #4 b).
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hblwfUjmfcjt!nbtbmb
òrSabaTi mZime dRea~ (nawyveti mark tvenis `tom soieris
Tavgadasavlidan~), miznobrivi teqstis ageba _ gancxadeba
nj{ofcj
_ mxatvruli nawarmoebis kiTxva da analizi
_ mokle Sinaarsis gadmocema
_ kritikuli azrovnebis formireba
_ martivi miznobrivi teqstis _ gancxadeba _ ageba
brujwpcfcj
_ moswavleebi kiTxuloben da aanalizeben mxatvrul teqsts
_ yofen mas calkeul nawilebad da adgenen gegmas mokle Sinaarsis
gadmosacemad
_ gadmoscemen teqstis Sinaarss jer vrclad, Semdeg _ mokled
_ akeTeben daskvnebs, asabuTeben Tavis azrs
_ ageben martiv miznobriv teqsts (gancxadeba)
_ weren
_ muSaoben wyvilebSi, jgufurad
I. teqstze muSaoba
1. kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba _ moswavleebi ixseneben wina wels Seswavlil nawyvets `tom soieris Tavgadasavlidan” _ `moxerxebuli tomi” (zogierTs SeiZleba wakiTxulic hqondes sruli teqsti); ixseneben, vin aris am nawarmoebis avtori,
vin aris tomi, sad da rodis xdeba am nawarmoebSi aRwerili ambavi, tomis ra moqmedeba daamaxsovrdaT, misi ra Tvisebebia maTTvis misaRebi an miuRebeli...
damatebiTi informacia maswavleblisaTvis: mark tveni (samuel klemanso), 1835-1910
wlebi, cnobili amerikeli mwerali, amerikuli kritikuli realizmis fuZemdebeli, sabavSvo literaturis klasikosi; iyo asoTamwyobis Segirdi, locmani, oqros maZiebeli; Jurnal-gazeTebSi
aqveynebda iumoristul nawarmoebebs, pamfletebs, statiebs, reportaJebs; mis SemoqmedebaSi gamoirCeva `tom soieris Tavgadasavali~, romelic avtobiografiuli Seferilobisaa; ùfliswuli
da maTxovari~, romelic istoriul Temazea Seqmnili; `heklberi finis Tavgadasavali~, romelSic
gakritikebulia monoba, rac udides problemas warmoadgenda imdroindeli amerikuli sazogadoebisaTvis. mark tvenis Semoqmedebis safuZvelia xalxuri iumori; man amerikul moTxrobas misca sruliad axali ieri da Seitana masSi satiruli karikatura, komizmi, komikuris tragikulTan
moulodneli Serwyma. mTel mis Semoqmedebas gasdevs Rrma demokratizmi da humanizmi.
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2. teqstis kiTxva da analizi: moswavleebi teqsts kiTxuloben nawil-nawil,
gzadagza maswavleblis daxmarebiTa da klasis aqtiuri monawileobiT aixsneba
gaugebari sityvebi da gamoTqmebi. kiTxvis damTavrebis Semdeg daismis teqstis
Sinaarsze orientirebuli kiTxvebi:
_ ratom iyo tom soieri cud gunebaze?
_ ras uwodebda igi skolaSi yofnas?
_ ra xerxs mimarTa man?
_ ra anderZs ibarebda tomi?
_ ratom SeSinda misi Zma?
_ ratom gaecina deida pols?
_ ra Sedegi mohyva tomis mcdelobas, darCeniliyo Sin?
_ ratom iyo iZulebuli tomi, wasuliyo skolaSi?
teqstis analizisaTvis daismis kiTxvebi:
_ ras uwodebs tomi `wamebas”? ratom?
_ rogor fiqrobT, ramdenad damajerebeli iyo tomis tyuili?
_ ratom ar daijera deidas biWis avadmyofoba?
_ Tqveni azriT, toms sxva avadmyofoba rom moegonebina, daujerebda mas
deida?
_ tomis ra Tvisebebi Cans am nawarmoebSi? (daasabuTeT teqstidan)
_ ra andazebi gagaxsendaT teqstis kiTxvisas? (`tyuils mokle fexebi aqvs,”
`rac mogiva, daviTao, yvela Seni TaviTao~, `qurds rom yuri ugdo, dReSi asjer
gamotydebao”...)
_ Tqveni azriT, ra aris sasacilo am nawarmoebSi?
_ rogor fiqrobT, moswons mwerals tomis saqcieli? ratom fiqrobT ase?
_ Tqvenc xom ar SegmTxveviaT msgavsi ram?
_ rogor fiqrobT, ra gadaxdeboda im dRes skolaSi toms?...
_ waikiTxeT teqstidan is adgili, saidanac Cans, rom a) toms ar uyvars swavla, b) toms emarjveba tyuilis Tqma, g) deida pols Zalian uyvars tomi da zrunavs masze, d) tomi ver erkveva medicinaSi...
_ Tqveni azriT, sworad aqvs am nawyvets saTauri SerCeuli?
3. Sinaarsis gadmocema _ moswavleebi nawil-nawil kiTxuloben teqsts da
TiToeul azrobrivad dasrulebul monakveTs urCeven saTaurs, Tanac cdiloben, rom teqstSi moZebnon mxolod arsebiTi da ZiriTadi, adgenen `mokle gegmas~, romelic daaxloebiT aseT saxes miiRebs:
a) tomis fiqrebi
b) misi gadawyvetileba
g) toms TiTi stkiva
d) anderZi
e) deidas SiSi
v) tyuils mokle fexi aqvs (davaleba 1)
am gegmis mixedviT moswavleebi gadmoscemen teqstis mokle Sinaarss, Semdeg
sakuTari SexedulebiT irCeven erT-erT sakiTxs da werilobiT gadmoscemen saTanado monakveTis Sinaarss (davaleba #2).
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4. wyvilebSi muSaoba _ davaleba #4 _ moswavleebi sakuTari fantaziis
mixedviT amTavreben tomis ànderZs” da weren mas.
1. orTografiaze varjiSi _ moZebneT teqstSi sityvebi, romlebic iwereba
ori m-Ti (tomma), ori s-Ti (tanisamoss), ratom iwereba aq ori m? ori s? moZebneT is sityvebi, romelTa marTlwarmoTqma da marTlwera erTmaneTs ar emTxveva
(avad, avadmyofoba, daayovnebs, ekvroda...)
2. martivi miznobrivi teqstis Seqmna _ moswavleebi ecnobian gancxadebis
Sinaarss; wesebs, romelTa mixedviTac unda daiweros igi; ra da ra nawilebisagan Sedgeba (vis miemarTeba igi, vin wers am gancxadebas, ZiriTadi teqsti, xelis
mowera, TariRi), sad, furclis romel mxares iwereba esa Tu is nawili... nimuSis
mixedviT moswavleebi Tavadac qmnian analogiur teqstebs (davaleba #4).
Sedegebis kodi: IV2, IV4, IV6, IV8, IV9, IV10, IV11, IV14
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hblwfUjmfcjt!nbtbmb
Cesterfildis `mamis werili cxra wlis vaJiSvils~,
sakomunikacio teqstis ageba
nj{ofcj
_ wakiTxulis Sefaseba da saTanado daskvnebis gakeTeba
_ sakomunikaco teqstis ageba da wera (werili axlobels)
brujwpcfcj
_ moswavleebi kiTxuloben da aanalizeben teqsts
_ afaseben wakiTxuls, akeTeben daskvnebs, asabuTeben sakuTar azrs
_ gadmoscemen wakiTxulis Sinaarss
_ ageben martiv sakomunikacio teqsts (werili axlobels)
_ weren
I. gakveTilis msvleloba
1. kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba _ maswavlebeli svams SekiTxvas _ Tu miuweriaT
rodesme werili axloblisaTvis da ra saSualeba gamouyenebiaT amisaTvis (fosta, eleqtrofosta), fostiT gagzavnisas ra aris saWiro (konverti, romelsac
aucileblad aqvs marka), ris miTiTebaa aucilebeli (misamarTis), rogor iwyeben
werilis weras, rogor amTavreben, Tu uTiTeben TariRs... Seswavlili nawarmoebidan (`marko polos mogzauroba”) ixseneben, romel qveyanaSi gamoiyenes pirvelad fosta werilebis gasagzavnad (CineTSi), romel saukuneSi (XIII)...
damatebiTi informacia maswavleblisaTvis: grafi Cesterfildi _ XVIII saukunis ingliseli sazogado moRvawe, ukvdaveba moipova Tavisi epistolaruli memkvidreobiT _ erTaderTi vaJiSvilis, filipisadmi, miwerili werilebiT. werilebSi avtori vrclad msjelobs swavlaaRzrdis sakiTxebze, romlebic dResac ar kargaven aqtulaobas. imdenad popularuli iyo misi
Sexedulebebi, rom mis werilebSi gamoTqmul aRzrdis sakiTxebze momdevno xanebSi pedagogiuri
skolis Seqmnac ki scades.
2. teqstis kiTxva da analizi _ maswavlebeli klass gamometyvelebiT
ukiTxavs Cesterfildis Txzulebas `werili cxra wlis vaJiSvils”. yuradReba
eqceva gamometyvelebiT kiTxvas _ teqsti monologuria da damrigeblobiTi
xasiaTis, amitom unda SeirCes saTando intonacia da tempi, kiTxvisas logikuri
164
da fsiqologiuri maxvilebiT unda gamoiyos gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani frazebi.
gaanalizdeba, ra aris am werilis mizani (vaJiSvilis darigeba), werilis mixedviT, riT aRwevs niWieri kaci mizans (sistematuri muSaobiTa da gulisyuriT),
raze swuxs mama (mis Svils gulisyuri aklia), ra rCevas aZlevs (daagrovos misma
Svilma codnis maragi, sanam saamiso droa), riT SeuZlia adamians daimkvidros
adgili sazogadoebaSi (codniTa da aRzrdiT), ra aris swavlisaTvis aucilebeli
(niWi, gulisyuri, dro), rasTan aris Sedarebuli codnis SeZena (mosavlian wlebSi
beRelSi marcvleulis SenaxvasTan, romelic mousavlian wlebSi gamodgeba), ra
miaCnia mas namdvil codnad (wignebis kiTxva da adamianebTan urTierToba, codnis es ori saxe erTmaneTs avsebs), romeli Seswavlili fraza exmianeba am werils
(ilias àrc sul uwignoba varga da arc mxolod wignebidam gamoxedva”), romeli
qarTveli mwerlis nawarmoebi gaaxsendaT am werilis kiTxvisas (daviT guramiSvilis `swavla moswavleTa”), ra aqvs am or nawarmoebs saerTo...
maswavleblis Semdeg teqsts Cumad kiTxuloben moswavleebi da moiniSnaven
im adgils, romelic, maTi azriT, gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania; CainiSnaven
im darigebas, romelsac eTanxmebian (an ar eTanxmebian), asabuTeben Tavis azrs
(davaleba #1), SeiZleba amas erTgvari diskusiis saxec ki mieces; wakiTxuli werilis mixedviT cdiloben, daaxasiaTon werilis adresati da adresanti.
Seswavlili teqstis mixedviT weren `mamis rCevas” ( davaleba #2).
3. sakomunikacio teqstis ageba _ davalebebi #3 da #4.
momdevno ori masalis: astrid lingrenis `saubari mamasTan~ (nawyveti
moTxrobidan `yaCaRis asuli ronia”) da vaJa-fSavelas leqsis `papiCemis anderZi~ dagegmvas mTlianad maswavlebels vandobT, vTavazobT.
astrid lingreni _ gamoCenili Svedi sabavSvo mwerali qali, daibada 1907 wels, gardaicvala 2002 wels, Targmnilia 85 enaze, gamocemulia 100-ze met qveyanaSi, gansakuTrebuli popularobiT sargeblobs: `saxuravis binadari karlsoni~, `pepi grZelwinda~, `yaCaRis asuli ronia”...
165
hblwfUjmfcjt!nbtbmb
revaz inaniSvilis `moxetiale musikosi~,
xelobis aRmniSvneli saxelebi, rTuli sityvebis marTlwera
nj{ofcj
_ wakiTxulis gaazreba da saTanado daskvnebis gakeTeba
_ mxatvruli teqstis ageba
_ naweris Casworeba da koreqtireba
_ xelobis aRmniSvnel sityvebze dakvirveba
brujwpcfcj
_ gaiazrebs wakiTxuls, akeTebs daskvnebs, asabuTebs Tavis azrs
_ martivad axasiaTebs literaturul personaJebs
_ adgens mokle gegmas teqstis Sinaarsis gadmosacemad
_ gadmoscems wakiTxulis Sinaarss mokled da vrclad
_ agebs teqsts
_ wers
_ eufleba sakuTari naweris Casworebisa da koreqtirebis xerxebs
_ ecnoba xelobis aRmniSvnel sityvebs, iyenebs maT metyvelebaSi
_ varjiSobs kompozitebis marTlwera
I. teqstze muSaoba
1. kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba _ maswavlebeli klass acnobs teqstis saTaurs
`moxetile musikosi~, sTxovs, gamoTqvan varaudi, vis Sesaxeb iqneba saubari am
teqstSi, Tavisi warmodgeniT daaxasiaTon moxetiale musikosi, SeiZleba am mizniT Sedges gonebrivi ieriSis rukac da gamoviyenoT jgufuri muSaoba.
2. teqstis kiTxva _ teqsts nawil-nawil kiTxuloben moswavleebi, SeiZleba
gamoviyenoT `pauzebiT kiTxva”; gzadagza, kiTxvis procesSive aixsneba gaugebari sityvebi da gamoTqmebi, garda `sityvaTa salaroSi” axsnili leqsikuri erTeulebisa, moswavleebisaTvis SeiZleba gaugebari aRmoCndes Semdegi sityvebi
da frazebi:
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mxned gamoiyureboda _ axalgazrdulad, yoCaRad gamoiyureboda
arCevanSi ar Sedioda _ ar arCevda, sul erTi iyo
saTive RvTis mowyalebad miaCnda _ saTiviTac Zalian kmayofili iyo
uSfoTveli ZiliT _ mSvidi ZiliT...
Sedgeba mokle gegmac, romelic daaxloebiT aseT saxes miiRebs:
moxetiale musikosis saqmianoba
xalxis azri moxetiale musikosis Sesaxeb
Sexvedra meSuquresTan
keTili maspinZeli
musikosis ostatoba
bednieri stumar-maspinZeli
3. teqstis analizi _ teqsti jer gaanalizdeba I donis kiTxvebiT:
_ sad cxovrobda moxuci mevioline?
_ rogor gamoiyureboda igi?
_ ras saqmianobda?
_ ras ambobda xalxi mis Sesaxeb?
_ rogor moxvda igi meSuquresTan?
_ ras saqmianobda meSuqure?
_ ra sityvebiT Seafasa maspinZelma stumris saqmanoba?
momdevno etapze daismis wakiTxulis gaazrebasa da Sefasebaze orientirebuli kiTxvebi:
_ ra zemoqmedeba moaxdina musikam meSuqureze? (moixibla musikiT _ igi
sulganabuli usmenda da iseTi Tvalebi hqonda, rom meviolinem meore da mesame
melodiac daukra).
_ ratom iyo es orive adamiani ramdenime wuTiT yvelaze bednieri am qveyanaze? ram mohgvaraT maT es grZnoba? (orive saWiro saqmes akeTebda, orives sixaruli mohqonda adamianebisaTvis).
_ musikosis ra Tvisebebi Cans am nawarmoebSi? (igi Sromismoyvarea _ Zalze
uyvars Tavisi saqme, ukravs kargad, ar erideba arc fizikur Sromas da amis gamo
fizikuradac Zlieria; keTilia _ uxaria, msmenels sixarulsa da kmayofilebas rom aniWebs; ar aris xarbi da fulis moyvaruli, mcirediTac kmayofilia...);
meSuquris ra Tvisebebi Cans? (cota ukmexia, mrisxaned gamoiyureba, ar uyvars
bevri laparaki, magram keTilia _ stumars Tavisi lukma gaunawila; Sromismoyvarea _ keTilsindisierad asrulebs Tavis saqmes, aqvs sxvisi Sromisa da garjis dafasebis unari; gaunaTlebelia _ ver mixvda ra iyo violino, magram aqvs
musikis mosmenisa da aRqmis niWi...), ra aqvs am or gmirs saerTo (orive martoa am
qveyanaze, orive Tavisi saqmis ostatia, orive saocrad keTilia, orives udides
bednierebas aniWebs sxvisi daxmareba...),
klass SeiZleba sadiskusiod SevTavazoT Temebi:
a) musikosis saqmanobas sxvadasxva Sefasebas aZleven. xalxis romeli mosazrebaa swori?
b) vin ufro saWiro saqmes akeTebs _ musikosi Tu meSuqure?
167
3. wera _ werilobiT Sedgeba mokle gegma (davaleba #1), am gegmis mixedviT werilobiT gadmoscemen teqstis mokle Sinaarss (davaleba #2), aseve vTavazobT sawerad Tavisufal Temas: `ratom daxetialobda musikosi~, moswavleebma
am teqsts Tavad unda SeurCion saTauri, Seadginon gegma, weris damTavrebisas
erTxel kidev waikiTxon, Caasworon SemCneuli Secdomebi da mxolod amis Semdeg
moaxdinon misi prezentacia.
a) xelobis aRmniSvnel sityvebze dakvirveba_ erTmaneTs Seupirispirdeba sityvaTa ori rigi; akvirdebian, ras gamoxatavs pirvel svetSi Camowerili
arsebiTi saxelebi (usulo sagans, daesmiT kiTxva ra?), meore svetSi Camowerili arsebiTi saxelebi (sulier sagans, aRniSnaven xelobas, daesmiT kiTxva vin?),
varjiSoben xelobis aRmniSvneli saxelebis miRebaze, SeiZleba davakvirvoT
mawarmoebel TavsarT-bolosarTze (me- . . . -e).
b) rTuli sityvebis marTlweraze varjiSi _ davaleba #4.
168
hblwfUjmfcjt!nbtbmb
goderZi Coxelis `mgeli~, arsebiTi saxelis jgufebi
Sinaarsis mixedviT (sakuTari da sazogado,
geografiuli da sadaurobis saxelebi)
nj{ofcj
_ arsebiTi saxelis Sinaarsobriv jgufebze dakvirveba
brujwpcfcj
_ martivad axasiaTebs literaturul personaJs
_ wers
_ agrZelebs Seswavlil literaturul nawarmoebs
_ akvirdeba arsebiTi saxelis jgufebs Sinaarsis mixedviT (sakuTari da sazogado, geografiuli da warmomavlobis saxelebi)
I. teqstze muSaoba
1. kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba: am etapis dagegmvas mTlianad maswavlebels vandobT.
2. teqstis kiTxva da analizi: teqsts Tavidan bolomde gamometyvelebiT
kiTxulobs maswavlebeli, Semdeg nawil-nawil kiTxuloben moswavleebi, gzadagza xsnian ucnob leqsikur erTeulebs da adgenen gegmas, romelic daaxloebiT
aseT saxes miiRebs:
a) mglis gaWirveba
b) gamixardas gadawyvetileba
g) adamiani exmareba mgels
e) sikeTis ymuili...
teqsti gaanalizdeba Semdegi kiTxvebis saSualebiT:
_ vin aris gamixarda? sad cxovrobs igi?
_ ratom wavida igi mgelTan?
_ ra sityvebiT gaacila igi colma?
169
_ rogor daexmara gamixarda mxecs?
_ rogor gamoxata mgelma Tavisi madliereba?
_ ra sadRegrZelos ambobs gamixarda? vis adRegrZelebs igi?
_ Tqveni azriT, ratom endoba mgeli gamixardas?
_ gamixardas ra Tvisebebi Cans teqstSi? (keTilia, mgelic ki ebraleba da
mis dasaxmareblad midis; uSiSaria_ iaraRi ar miaqvs Tan...)
_ ramdenad damajereblad SeiZleba miviCnioT teqstSi aRwerili ambavi? (es
sakiTxi sadiskusiod SeiZleba SevTavazoT klass)
_ ra sityvebiT amTavrebs mwerali Txrobas?
_ Tqveni azriT, ris Tqma surs mwerals mkiTxvelisaTvis? (sikeTis danaxva
mgelsac ki SeuZlia...)
_ rogor fiqrobT, ramdenad sworad aqvs teqsts saTauri SerCeuli? SeiZleba Tu ara sxva saTauri SevurCioT mas?
_ SeiZleba Tu ara gavagrZeloT es ambavi? Tqven rogor gaagrZelebT?
werilobiT sruldeba davalebebi #1 da #2.
moswavleebi TxrobiT gadmoscemen teqstis Sinaarss.
1. sazogado da sakuTari saxelebi:
_ ra hqvia nawarmoebis mTavar gmirs?
_ rogor fiqrobT, ratom SeurCia mweralma Tavis gmirs es saxeli? raze
migvaniSnebs amiT? daasaxeleT adamianTa sxva saxelebic, romlebic adre Seswavlil teqstebSi SegxvedriaT.
_ sad xdeba teqstSi aRwerili moqmedeba? (sofelSi, romlis saxelia Coxi)
_ ra mdinare Camoudis am sofels? (mdinare aragvi)
_ daasaxeleT TqvenTvis cnobili sxva mdinareebis saxelwodebebic.
_ ra hqvia mTas, saidanac mglis ymuili ismis? (sakidobnois mTa)
_ daasaxeleT TqvenTvis cnobili sxva mTebis saxelwodebebi.
eZleva daskvna sazogado da sakuTari saxelebis Sesaxeb. sruldeba davaleba
#3.
2. sadaurobis aRmniSvneli saxelebi:
_ soflis saxelwodebaa Coxi, mwerali ki gvarad Coxelia, rogor fiqrobT,
raze migviTiTebs es gvari? (mwerali am soflidan aris).
_ Tqveni azriT, sadauria rusTaveli? raze migviTiTebs es saxeli?
_ awarmoeT sadaurobis aRmniSvneli sityvebi Semdegi saxelebidan:
Tbilisi _
quTaisi _
qarTli _
SeiZleba klasi davakvirvoT sadaurobis aRmniSvnel -el sufiqszec.
sruldeba davaleba #4.
170
hblwfUjmfcjt!nbtbmb
otia ioselianis `rogor mokvda muria~, teqstis
konstruireba, sityvis semantika (relatiuri sinonimebi)
nj{ofcj
_ personaJebis martivad daxasiaTeba
_ sakuTari azris dasabuTeba, kritikuli azrovnebis ganviTareba
_ teqstis ageba saTauris mixedviT
_ relatiur sinonimebze dakvirveba (terminis gareSe)
brujwpcfcj
_ gaiazrebs wakiTxuls, akeTebs daskvnebs da asabuTebs Tavis azrs
_ varjiSobs sxvadasxva pirSi (I da III) Txrobaze
_ wers
_ iyenebs teqstis koreqtirebisa da Casworebis martiv strategiebs
_ muSaobs wyvilebSi, jgufurad, individualurad
I. teqstze muSaoba
1. kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba _ am mizniT klass SeiZleba jgufuri muSaobisaTvis SevTavazoT saTauri teqstisaTvis: àdamianis oTxfexa megobrebi”. mofiqrebisaTvis eZlevaT ramdenime wuTi, pasuxebis prezentacia da Sefaseba xdeba klasSi.
2. teqstis kiTxva da analizi _ (teqsti or nawilad aris gayofili. sasurvelia, es nawilebi cal-calke damuSavdes). teqsti ikiTxeba nawil-nawil, gzadagza
aixsneba gaugebari sityvebi da gamoTqmebi, Sedgeba gegmac, romelic daaxloebiT
aseT saxes miiRebs:
murias gauCinareba
bavSvis wuxili
muriasa da cofiani nagazis orTabrZola
murias mkurnaloba
murias erTguleba
oTxfexa megobris Zebna
murias sikvdili
teqsti gaanalizdeba sxvadasxva donis _ gagebaze, analizsa da Sefasebaze
171
orientirebuli _kiTxvebiT:
_ ratom wuxs biWi?
_ ratom ar SeuSinda igi cofian ZaRls?
_ ra gadawyvites soflelebma?
_ vin uSvela murias?
_ rogor mkurnalobda babua murias?
_ rodis misca man SviliSvils ZaRlTan miaxloebis neba?
_ ratom wavida muria Sinidan?
_ rogor mokvda muria?
_ ramdenad gaamarTla babuas mkurnalobis meTodma?
_ moxucis ra Tvisebebi Cans am nawarmoebSi? daasabuTeT teqstis mixedviT
da waikiTxeT saTanado adgilebi.
_ vin mogviTxrobs teqstSi gadmocemul ambavs? ra SegiZliaT TqvaT mis
Sesaxeb? waikiTxeT teqstidan saTanado adgilebi.
_ Tqveni azriT, ramdenad swori iyo mezoblis gadawyvetileba _ moekla
muria?
_ ramdenad sworad migaCniaT babuas gadawyvetileba _ ar moklas es
ZaRli?
_ sad xdeba nawarmoebSi aRwerili moqmedeba? vin da vin arian moqmedi pirebi? romeli gmirebi arian aq mTavari?
_ Tu Cans teqstSi mwerlis damokidebuleba momxdari ambisadmi? daasabuTeT.
moswavleebi winaswar Sedgenili gegmis mixedviT gadmoscemen teqstis Sinaarss, yuradReba maxvildeba III pirSi Txrobaze.
aqve wyvilebSi sruldeba davaleba #1.
saSinao davalebad umjobesia, SevTavazoT davaleba #2.
3. teqstis konstruireba _ moswavleebi ori SeTavazebuli saTauridan
irCeven erT-erTs (davaleba #3) da ageben teqsts.
1. sxvadasxva pirSi Txroba _ moswavleebi akvirdebian, romel pirSia
teqstSi Txroba, ixseneben amave avtoris sxva nawarmoebebsac, sadac aseve I pirSia Txroba da cdiloben gaarkvion, ratom mimarTavs am xerxs avtori ase xSirad
(raTa Txroba ufro uSualo iyos, mweralma ufro advilad daamyaros urTierToba mkiTxvelTan, ufro zustad gviTxras Tavisi saTqmeli...).
2. sityvis mravalmniSvnelianobaze dakvirveba _ sityva `joxis” ramdenime Sesatyvisi arsebobs qarTulSi, erT-erTi maTgani _ xelketi_ teqstSiac
aris gamoyenebuli, ecnobian sxva leqsikur erTeulebsac (saxelmZRv. gv. 144). am
codnis gamoyenebiT sruldeba davaleba #4.
172
hblwfUjmfcjt!nbtbmb
merab elioziSvilis `sakuTar budeSi datyvevebuli~,
erTcnebiani kompozitebi, frinvelTa naSierTa saxelebi
nj{ofcj
_ teqstis ageba andazis mixedviT
_ rTuli sityvebis (erTcnebiani kompozitebis) marTlwera
brujwpcfcj
_ gadmoscems wakiTxulis Sinaarss vrclad da mokled winaswar Sedgenili
gegmis mixedviT
_ qmnis teqsts andazis mixedviT
_ wers
_ iyenebs codnis Sefasebisa da TviTSefasebis formebs
_ eufleba orTografiulsa da punqtuaciur Cvevebs
_ ecnoba axal leqsikur erTeulebs da metyvelebaSi iyenebs maT
I. teqstze muSaoba
1. kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba _ am etapis dagegmvas mTlianad maswavlebels vandobT.
damatebiTi informacia maswavleblisaTvis _ elioziSvili merab, Tanamedrove qarTveli mwerali da dramaturgi, daibada 1934 wels cxinvalSi, daamTavra Tsu aRmosavleTmcodneobis fakulteti 1957 wels, pirveli moTxrobebi gamoaqveyna Jurnal `ciskarSi” 1958 wels, pirveli
krebuli `molodini” _ 1961 wels, avtoria moTxrobaTa krebulebisa: `didedebi da SviliSvilebi” (1964 w), `beberi mezurneebi” (1968 w), `Zmano kaxelno” (1975 w)... misi piesebi: àraferi~, `daTvebi~, `beberi mezurneebi~, `berikoni”... warmatebiT idgmeboda qarTuli Teatris scenaze. mas
ekuTvnis agreTve kinoscenarebi filmebisaTvis; `TeTri qaravani”(1963 w, reJisori e. Sengelaia),
`didi mwvane veli” (1967 w, reJ. T. kokoCaSvili), `didedebi da SviliSvilebi” (1969 w, reJ. n. mWedliZe), `beberi mezurneebi” (1973 w, reJ. T. kvaWaZe). amJamad eweva sasuliero moRvaweobas.
173
2. teqstis kiTxva da analizi _ teqsts pauzebiT kiTxuloben moswavleebi: I pauza: àra, _ Tavi gaiqnia didedam~, II pauza: `... erTgulebiT kvebavda
bartyebs~, III pauza `... jer kidev iynen, daizrdebian~, IV pauza `... mindvrisaken
mousves~, V pauza: `... ara da sulac Cemi iqneba”... TiToeuli pauzis Semdeg moswavleebi gamoTqvamen varauds movlenaTa Semdgomi ganviTarebis Sesaxeb da teqstis
wakiTxvis Semdeg udareben mas avtoriseul variants. nawil-nawil kiTxvis procesSi aixsneba gaugebari sityvebi da gamoTqmebic.
moswavleebi kvlav kiTxuloben teqsts da asaTaureben TiToeul azrobrivad dasrulebul monakveTs, adgenen gegmas mokle Sinaarsis gadmosacemad,
gvirilebis krefa
mindorSi siarulis namdvili mizezi
biWebis gadawyvetileba
Cxubi
dagvianebuli sinanuli
teqsti gaanalizdeba Semdegi kiTxvebis saSualebiT:
_ sad darbodnen biWebi?
_ ra iyo didedas ukmayofilebis mizezi?
_ ratom darbodnen biWebi mindorSi?
_ ra gadawyvites maT?
_ ratom ver mifrinavdnen mwyris CoCrebi Tbili qveynebisaken?
_ raze wakamaTdnen biWebi?
_ ra SeemTxvaT datyvevebul bartyebs?
_ vin iyo damnaSave bartyebis daRupvaSi?
_ rodis igrZnes biWebma sakuTari danaSauli?
_ daaxasiaTeT Tengo da zura, maTi ra Tvisebebi Cans? daasabuTeT teqstis
mixedviT.
_ Tu Cans nawarmoebSi mwerlis damokidebuleba momxdarisadmi? iwonebs Tu
kicxavs biWebis moqmedebas? sad, romel sityvebSi Cans es? (àn ki ra eTqmodaT?!
damnaSaveni iyvnen oriveni”).
_ rogoria Tqveni damokidebuleba teqstSi aRwerili ambisadmi? daasabuTeT Tqveni azri.
romeli Seswavlili nawarmoebi gagaxsendaT am moTxrobis kiTxvisas?
_ ra andaza gagaxsendaT? (àsjer gazome da erTxel gaWeri”).
_ Tqveni azriT, rac biWebma Caidines, danaSuli iyo Tu Secdoma?
_ rogor fiqrobT, rogor moiqceodnen am ambis Semdeg Tengo da zura? xom
ar SegiZliaT gaagrZeloT es ambavi?
sruldeba davalebebi #1 da #2.
moswavleebi gadmoscemen teqstis Sinaarss rogorc vrclad, ise _ mokled.
174
1. naSierTa saxelebis gacnoba _ teqstSi naxsenebia sityva CoCori, romelic am SemTxvevaSi aRniSnavs mwyris naSiers, moswavleebi ecnobian frinvelTa naSierebis sxva saxelwodebebsac (sax. gv. 147) da am codnis gamoyenebiT asruleben
#3 davalebas.
2.rTuli sityvebis marTlweraze dakvirveba _ sax. gv. ????.
3. punqtuaciuri Cvevebis formireba _ davaleba #4.
175
hblwfUjmfcjt!nbtbmb
sergo kldiaSvilis `soflis gzaze saqarTveloSi~,
teqstis ageba, misi koreqtireba
nj{ofcj
_ kiTxvisa da weris strategiebis daufleba: teqstis ageba saTauris
mixedviT, misi Casworeba da koreqtireba
brujwpcfcj
_ akeTebs saTanado daskvnebs, asabuTebs Tavis azrs
_ gadmoscems wakiTxulis Sinaarss TxrobiT da werilobiT
_ eufleba kiTxvisa da weris strategiebs
_ kritikulad akvirdeba sxvaTa metyvelebas da cdilobs maTs metyvelebaSi SemCneuli Secdomebis dafiqsirebasa da gasworebas
gakveTilis msvleloba
1. kiTxvisaTvis mzadeba: maswavlebeli dafaze wers sityvebs: `stumari~,
`maspinZeli” da moswavleebs avalebs am sityvebis gamoyenebiT Seadginon teqsti.
am dros SeiZleba gamoviyenoT jgufuri muSaoba.
2. teqstis kiTxva da analizi_ teqsts Tavidan bolomde gamometyvelebiT
kiTxulobs maswavlebeli, dasvams ramdenime sakontrolo, ganmazogadebel kiTxvas:
_ weliwadis romeli droa aRwerili am teqstSi?
_ romeli qarTuli tradiaciaa aRwerili masSi?
teqsts ganmeorebiT nawil-nawil kiTxuloben moswavleebi, gzadagza, kiTxvis procesSi, aixsneba gaugebari sityvebi da gamoTqmebi. amis Semdeg maswavleblis miTiTebiT erTxel kidev kiTxuloben teqsts Cumad, yofen mas calkul monakveTebad da adgenen gegmas, pasuxebis prezentacia da Sefaseba xdeba klasSi.
teqsti gaanalizdeba Semdegi kiTxvebis daxmarebiT:
_ rogor aris aRwerili teqstSi ucxo mosaxlis ezo? maspinZeli?
_ rogor gaumaspinZldnen ucxo stumars ucnobi maspinZlebi?
_ ra ganwyoba daeufla mwerals, roca ucnobi maspinZlis ezo datova?
176
_ ram daayena igi aseT xasiaTze?
_ waikiTxeT teqstidan is adgili, sadac mwerlis ganwyoba aris aRwerili
(`ra damRlis viaro wminda qarTul miwaze, ra damRlis vucqiro Cemi qveynis casa
da mzes! amaze didi sikeTe ra vinatro!”).
_ maspinZlebis ra Tvisebebi Cans teqstSi? daasabuTeT teqstis mixedviT
(isini Sromismoyvareni arian _ ezo kargad aqvT movlili; dauzarelni _ qaliSvili wylis mosatanad wyaroze gaiqca; berikaci keTilmosaubrea _ ucxo stumars nacnobiviT gauba saubari, guluxvebi arian _ stumars SesaniSnavad gaumaspinZldnen...).
_ romel qarTul tradiaciazea saubari teqstSi? ramdenad misaRebia
TqvenTvis ucxo adamianis gamaspinZleba? sxva romel qarTul tradiciebs gaixsenebT kidev? romeli qarTuli tradicia mogwonT yvelaze metad? Tqven Tu
icavT romelime tradicias?
_ sad xdeba teqstSi aRwerili moqmedeba?
_ Tqveni azriT, Tu aris amis Sesaxeb miniSnebebi teqstSi?
_ rogor fiqrobT, ratom ar asaxelebs mwerali am soflis saxelwodebas?
(aseTi ambavi yvela qarTul sofelSi SeiZleboda, rom momxdariyo).
teqstis gaazrebisaTvis sruldeba testuri davaleba (swori pasuxia b)
3. teqstis Sinaarsis gadmocema _ moswavleebi jer TxrobiT, Semdeg ki
werilobiT (davaleba #2) gadmoscemen teqstis Sinaarss. yuradReba maxvildeba
III pirSi Txrobaze.
4. teqstis ageba _ moswavleebi SemoTavazebuli saTaurebidan irCeven erTerTs (davaleba #2), ixseneben teqstis agebisa da koreqtirebis ZiriTad strategiebs (saTauris gaazreba, gegmis Sedgena, `Savad” wera, weris damTavrebis Semdeg
dawerilis gadakiTxva da SemCneuli Secdomebis Casworeba, `TeTrad” wera, prezentacia, urTierTSefaseba da TviTSefaseba, SeniSvnebis gaTvliswineba momavlisaTvis...) da iwyeben weras (davaleba #2).
5. enobriv masalaze dakvirveba _ moswavleebi ecnobian àqtivobebis
rveulSi” daxazul sqemas (davaleba #3): vin Tqva, ra Tqva, rogor unda eTqva?
maswavlebelTan erTad SeaqvT masSi ramdenime nimuSi (mag. vin Tqva? _ mweralma,
ra Tqva? _ Semoraguli, rogor unda eTqva? _ SemoRobili...). es davaleba maT
eZlevaT mTeli zafxulisaTvis.
177
Semdgomi masalis: muxran maWavarianis `dRe moiwevs kriala” _ dagegmavas
maswavlebels vandobT, vTavazobT mxolod damatebiT informacias mwerlis Sesaxeb.
damatebiTi informacia maswavleblisaTvis _ muxran maWavariani, Tanamedrove poeti,
daibada 1929 w, sof. argveTSi, saCxeris r-nSi, 1954 wels daamTavra Tsu filologiis fakulteti,
1967-1984 wlebSi iyo Jurnal `pioneris~, xolo 1982-1992 wlebSi Jurnal `saunjis” mTavri redqtori, pirveli leqsebi 1952 wels gamoaqveyna, 1958 wels gamovida poetis ori krebuli: `wiTeli
mze da mwvane balaxi” da `siCume uSenod~, romelic iTargmna rusul enaze da 1959 wels poets moutana didi aRiareba _ axalgazrdobis msoflio VII festivalis laureatis wodeba. poetis mTeli
Semoqmedeba dafuZnebuli patriotizmze, samSoblos siyvaruliTaa STagonebuli misi yoveli
leqsi, mis poezias xSirad axlavs maJoruli, mxne ganwyoba, rac winamdebare leqsisTvisac aris
damaxasiaTebeli.
178

qarTuli enisa da literaturis gakveTilebi meoTxe klasSi

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