Evolium™Mobile Radio Solutions Alcatel 9100 BTS Description

Transcription

Evolium™Mobile Radio Solutions
Alcatel 9100 BTS Description
© All rights reserved. Passing on and copying of this
document, use and communication of its contents not
permitted without written authorization from Alcatel
Training manual
8 AS 90200 1415 VH ZZA Ed 01
Edition 2004
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Note : Please print this document with comments pages
© Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 1415 VH ZZA Ed.01
Page 0.2
Contents
1. Introduction
1.1 Situation of the BTS
1.2 Functions of the BTS
1.3 Main features and characteristics of the BTS
1.4 GMSK and 8-PSK comparison
1.5 Cell split over 2 BTSs
1.6 Extended Cell
1.7 Microwave integration
1.8 Secondary A-bis
2. Functional architecture
2.1 BTS Overall architecture
2.2 Telecommunication
2.3 Operation and maintenance
2.4 Transmission
2.5 Antenna network
2.6 Auto identification
3. Hardware architecture
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Station Unit Module (SUMA)
3.3 Transceiver Equipment (TRE)
3.4 Antenna network unit (ANY)
3.5 Antenna network unit (ANC)
3.6 BTS External Connections
3.7 Fan units
3.8 Interconnections in the BTS
3.9 BTS Indoor
3.10 BTS Outdoor
3.11 Power consumption
4. Configurations
4.1 Principles
4.2 Indoor Configurations
4.3 Outdoor Configurations
Glossary
Page 0.3
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Page 0.4
Self assessment of the objectives
Contract number :
Course title : Alcatel 9100 BTS Description
Client (Company, centre) :
Language : English
dates from :
Number of trainees :
Location :
to :
Surname, First name :
Did you meet the following objectives ?
Tick the corresponding box
Please, return this sheet to the trainer at the end of the training
Instructional objectives
To be able to identify the role and the
situation of the BTS
2
To be able to identify the functional subsets
of the BTS
3
To be able to identify the hardware
modules of the BTS
4
To be able to identify the possible
hardware configurations
No (or
globally
no)
Comments
1
Yes (or
Globally
yes)
Page 0.5
Self assessment of the objectives (continued)
Yes (or
Globally
yes)
Instructional objectives
No (or
globally
no)
Comments
Other comments
Thank you for your answers to this questionnaire
Page 0.6
Alcatel 9100 BTS Description
1
© Alcatel University - 8AS 90200 1415 VT ZZA Ed.01
Page 1
1
Introduction
2
Page 2
1 Introduction
Session presentation
Objective : to be able to identify the role and the situation of the
BTS
Program:
z 1.1 Situation of the BTS
z 1.2 Functions of the BTS
z 1.3 Main features and characteristics of the BTS
z 1.4 GMSK and 8-PSK comparison
z 1.5 Cell split over 2 BTSs
z 1.6 Extended Cell
z 1.7 Microwave integration
z 1.8 Secondary A-bis
3
Page 3
S1 : Introduction
BTS
BTS
A-
bis
BSC
A-ter Mux
T
C
Public
Switched
Network
A
MSC
Alcatel 9135
MFS
HLR
BSC
Gb
BTS
OMC-R
SGSN
IP GPRS
Backbone
GGSN
Packet Data
Network
MSC
4
Page 4
S1: Introduction
Topology
Sectorised Configuration
Ring Configuration
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS
Um
Satellite
Abis
Chain Configuration
BTS
BTS
BTS
BSC
Abis1
BTS
Antennas
BTS Terminal
External alarms I/O
BTS
Abis
Secondary Abis
BTS with HSDS support
Clock I/O
BTS
Abis
Cell split (2 BTS)
5
Open Multi-drop topology “CHAIN”: One PCM link connects up to 15 BTS (only 1 TRE for each BTS and using the 16
Kbps Statistic multiplexing) in serial order and the PCM is not looped back to BSC by the last BTS.
z In chain topology, the BSC is connected with Abis link to a BTS. This one is connected to a second BTS with a
second Abis link, the second BTS is at its turn connected to a third one and so on.
Closed Multi-drop topology “RING”: One PCM link connects up to 7 BTS in serial order and the PCM is looped back to
BSC by the last BTS.
z In ring or loop topology, the last BTS of a chain is connected back to the BSC. This topology offers some
security since traffic between any BTS and BSC is broadcast on the two paths, selection is based on dedicated
Service bits / bytes.
Abis via satellite : BTS on satellite Abis links have increased timer value for the LAPD protocols (RSL, OML).
Cell split over 2 BTSs: The system is able to handle cells whose TRXs are located in two different BTSs.
z This feature brings important flexibility by allowing particularly:
Î To extend an existing site only by adding TRXs in a new BTS, not touching the arrangement of the
existing BTS,
Î To combine existing cells into one, e.g. one GSM 900 cell and one GSM 1800 cell in order to get a
multi-band cell,
Î To support 3x8 TRXs configurations in 2 racks (instead of 3).
Page 5
S1 : Introduction
1.2 Functions of the BTS
The Evolium™ BTS is designed to ensure an outstanding quality
of service through very high radio performance and minimum
service interruption, and to facilitate all kinds of evolutions: site
extension or sectorization, implementation of future features.
The BTS performs:
z The coverage of the radio transmission
B
T
S
z The management of air interface with the mobile
z The O&M functions
6
Page 6
S1 : Introduction
1.3 Main features and characteristics
Radio Performance 1/2
z Support GSM900 (E-GSM), GSM1800 (DCS), GSM1900
and GSM850
z Dual band configurations
z Reception sensitivity at antenna connector better than -111
dBm, for GMSK modulation
z FR (Full Rate), HR (Half Rate), EFR (Enhanced Full Rate),
AMR (Adaptive Multi Rate) are supported
z Support several A5 ciphering algorithms (A5/0=“no
ciphering”, A5/1 and A5/2)
7
z Bands that are supported by A9100 Evolium BTS:
GSM 850
E-GSM 900
GSM 1800
Uplink
824 MHz to 849 MHz
880 MHz to 915 MHz
1710 MHz to 1785 MHz
Downlink
869 MHz to 894 MHz
925 MHz to 960 MHz
GSM 1900
z The reference sensitivity using the EDGE compatible TRX in 8-PSK modulation depends on the coding scheme
and environment type.:
Reference sensitivity, GMSK
- 111 dBm (static and dynamic)
- 116 dBm (dynamic with FH and
diversity)
Reference sensitivity, 8-PSK (EDGE)
< -111 dBm, (static, MCS1)
-108 dBm, (static, MCS5)
-99 dBm, (static, MCS9)
z The half-rate, enhanced full-rate and adaptive multi-rate functioning requires that the BSS software release and
the other network elements also support these codecs.
z Provisions are taken for A5/3 to A5/7 ciphering algorithms support, if defined by the standard.
Page 7
S1 : Introduction
Radio Performance 2/2
z Radio (synthesized) frequency hopping
z Coverage solutions for improved output power:
Î TRX GSM 900 and GSM 1800 High Power
Î Low-loss configuration
Î Range Extension Kit (REK)
Î Tower Mounted Amplifiers (TMA)
z Antenna diversity
z Wide Band Combining
8
Synthesized frequency hopping
z Synthesized frequency hopping (or so-called radio frequency hopping) is supported by the whole BTS range, its
use being optional. Two frequency hopping modes are available:
Î Standard RF hopping mode : A cell with N TRXs can have N-1 TRXs hopping (except the TRX carrying
the BCCH), on M frequencies (M usually > N).
Î Pseudo base band RF hopping mode: A cell with N TRXs can have all its N TRXs hopping on N
frequencies.
In the case of an Extended cell configuration, to achieve the coverage range up to 70 km for the Outer cell, the use of
high gains and high antennas or the use of either a range extension kit (REK) or a TMA is advised.
Page 8
S1 : Introduction
Operation and Maintenance Features 1/2
z Station unit sharing
z Automatic progressive shutdown in case of mains power
failure (AC powered BTSs)
z Support of the hardware auto-detection
z Hot insertion / extension of all modules
z Auto-identification
z Unbalanced losses/powers detection and regulation
9
A single station unit module supports any BTS configuration, whatever the number of TRXs and sectors in one
cabinet is.
Automatic shutdown
z For AC powered Evolium™ base stations, automatic progressive shutdown is performed in case of mains
power failure so as to save the battery capacity, thus increasing the backup time. In such a situation, a timer is
set and when it expires, TRXs are switched off with the exception of the BCCH TRX.
z When the mains comes back during battery usage, for a given time (BTS timer), the TRX previously switched
off for automatic shutdown, are autonomously switched on and initialized, in order to be used by the system.
Auto-detection
z Through internal permanent hardware polling, the BTS is able to detect any new plugged-in hardware
components (TRE, coupling elements…) and informs the BSC.
z This facility allows to simplify and speed up the BTS extension (typically add TRE), with no need for the
operator to describe explicitly neither the BTS configuration, nor its hardware capabilities.
Auto-identification
z The following parameters are stored and are accessible from the BTS terminal equipment and in a second step
from the OMC-R:
Î Type and location for each managed module (i.e. replaceable units),
Î The sector to which each Antenna Network Combining (ANc) module belongs to,
Î The mapping TRX / ANc and the connectivity status,
Î The hardware capabilities,
Î All the installed BTS hardware and software modules.
Unbalanced losses/powers detection and regulation
z Thanks to the Antenna network Combining (ANc) module, the BTS is able to detect unbalanced losses/powers
within a sector and automatically compensate it. This enables the use of TRXs of different power within the
same sector, or the use of different combining path for TRX belonging to the same sector.
Page 9
S1 : Introduction
Operation and Maintenance features 2/2
z SW download (from BSC to BTS) without service
interruption
z 2 SW versions kept in flash EPROM’s in SUM
z Fast restart after breakdown
z Remote inventory capability
z Firmware downloading
10
Thanks to the EVOLIUM™ A9100 BTS capability to be pre-loaded and to store simultaneously two software-versions
(with the possibility of activating one or the other on request from the BSC), the software migration is performed with
very minimum service interruption.
The service interruption is minimized at initiation or restart: The EVOLIUM™ A9100 Base Station performs a fast
restart after a breakdown (BTS software files are stored in a non-volatile memory). Only the minimum necessary files
are required from the BSC.
The Remote Inventory feature, allows the operator to get hardware and firmware information from the BTS Terminal
and the OMC-R. This information is used for retrofit, deployment or maintenance. The benefit is to avoid on site visits.
All firmware are downloadable, except for the boot firmware.
Page 10
S1 : Introduction
Transmission and Power supply
z Two A-bis connections
z Free run mode or external clock reference synchronisation
z Plug-in light indoor Unit (PIDU) of microwave entity
z By-pass of A-bis connections in case of BTS switch off
z DC or AC power supply
11
Two physical A-bis interfaces are supported.
z This allows a flexible connection of base stations to the BSC in chain or ring configuration.
z In case higher data throughputs, e.g. EGPRS, one A-bis connection to the BSC may not be enough. Than both
A-bis interfaces can be configured as data inputs for the BTS (only SUMA board).
The clock signals can be:
z generated in a pure free-run mode by an internal frequency generator (need preventive maintenance once per
year),
z synchronized to an external clock reference (no preventive maintenance necessary):
Î A-bis link (PCM-synchronized),
Î Another BTS (slave mode), previous BTS generation may be used;
Î Integrated GPS receiver as an option,
PIDU, for "Plug-in light IDU" - is located next to other BTS modules, in the same sub-racks. One PIDU can be used per
micro-wave link.
Power supply:
z Indoor DC BTSs are supplied by -48 V to -60 V DC ± 20 %
z Indoor AC BTSs are supplied by 230 V AC ± 15 % (single-phase), 47 to 63 Hz.
z Outdoor BTSs are supplied by 230 V AC (single-phase) or 400 V AC ± 15 % (three-phase), 47 to 63 Hz. The
230 V AC can also be used as 2x110 V AC by using an optional kit, which can be installed on site. Alternatively,
using the same DC input as for the external battery cabinet, those outdoor BTSs may be supplied by 48 V DC,
which allows for example sites powered by solar panel systems.
Page 11
S1 : Introduction
Other Features:
z GPRS ready
z EGPRS ready by a simple “add TRE”
z UMTS ready
z Split Cell
12
GPRS
z TRX hardware is prepared for broadband data applications as GPRS.
z No hardware retrofit is necessary inside the BTS for the GPRS functionality.
UMTS ready:
z the MBI5 and MBO2 outdoor cabinet allow mixed configurations with 3x2 TRX GSM and 3x4 carriers UMTS.
Page 12
S1 : Introduction
In order to get higher throughputs, the 8-PSK (8 Phase Shift
Keying) modulation is used.
Only TRE G4 are compatible with both GMSK and 8-PSK
modulations.
(0,1,0)
(0,0,0)
z 8-PSK modulation encodes 3 bits per
(0,1,1)
modulated symbol, as opposed to 1 bit per
symbol in GMSK.
z This roughly triples the bit rate compared
to GMSK.
(1,1,1)
(1,0,1)
(1,1,0)
(1,0,0)
13
One of the modulation used by EGPRS is based on the 8-PSK (Phase Shift Keying). In this modulation, we define 8
states of different phases corresponding to all combinations of groups of 3 bits. Each time the phase will shift to the
corresponding position on the circle (see above).
While shifting from one phase value to another the signal modifies its amplitude.
Page 13
S1 : Introduction
GMSK:
z is a constant amplitude modulation.
z power amplifiers are often used as close as possible to the
saturation point in GMSK, if not in the saturation region.
8-PSK
z is a non-constant amplitude modulation.
z it is important to ensure that peaks of 8-PSK modulated
signals are using the power amplifier in a non-saturation
region.
z therefore the average 8-PSK power is smaller than the peak
8-PSK power.
The difference between the GMSK average power and the 8PSK average power is called the 8-PSK Delta Power.
14
Page 14
S1 : Introduction

GPRS / EDGE Throughput
EGPRS Modulation and Coding Schemes
Used with GMSK & 8-PSK
GPRS Coding Schemes
Used with GMSK...
CS-4
CS-3
CS-2
CS-1
21.4
15.6
13.4
9.05
CS = Coding Scheme
MCS = Modulation & Coding Scheme
Scheme Modulation Rate [kbps]
MCS-9
8PSK
59.2
MCS-8
8PSK
54.4
MCS-7
8PSK
44.8
MCS-6
8PSK
29.6
MCS-5
8PSK
22.4
MCS-4
GMSK
17.6
MCS-3
GMSK
14.8
MCS-2
GMSK
11.2
MCS-1
GMSK
8.8
15
GPRS with GMSK Modulation only:
z On the radio interface, data can be coded according to 4 different coding schemes :
CS-1 to CS-4 (CS = Coding Scheme)
EDGE with both GMSK and 8-PSK Modulations :
z On the radio interface, data can be coded according to 9 different coding schemes :
MCS-1 to MCS-9 (MCS = Modulation and Coding Scheme)
Data Rates: up to 384 kbps per carrier is forecast, but physically 473 Kbps would be possible using Modulation and
Coding Scheme MCS-9 on 8 Time Slots
Page 15
S1: Introduction
1.5 Cell split over 2 BTSs (1/2)
Description
z If the needed site configurations (indoor or outdoor, single band or
multiband) cannot be achieved with a single cabinet, it can be done
using two collocated cabinets.
Benefits:
z Cells can be defined with up to 16 TRX, split in two sectors one main
and one secondary
z Reduced number of cabinets for some configurations (e.g. 3 x 8 TRX)
z Merge two existing cells in different bands in one dual-band cell
z There is no need to modify the configuration of the existing BTS when
extending a site (no need to change the cabling)
The two cabinets are clock synchronised in a master / slave configuration.
The BCCH is carried by one of the TRXs from the main sector.
16
When used in monoband configurations, cell split feature may allow to reduce the number of cabinets with regards to
the solution with one cabinet per sector, but at the expense of a more complex antenna system (two ANc, hence 4
feeders per sector instead of 2 feeders, as for "low-loss" configurations).
Page 16
S1: Introduction
1.5 Cell split over 2 BTSs (2/2)
Example: 3x8 TRXs configuration with only 2 BTSs (cell split)
Cabinet 1
Standard 4,4,4 TRX
Combining
ANC
TRX 1
TRX 4
Combining
ANC
Cabinet 2
Standard 4,4,4 TRX
TRX 1
TRX 4
Sector 1: 1x 8 TRX
Combining
ANC
Combining
ANC
TRX 1
TRX 1
TRX 4
TRX 4
Combining
ANC
Combining
ANC
TRX 1
TRX 1
TRX 4
Sector 2: 1x 8 TRX
TRX 4
Sector 3: 1x 8 TRX
17
Examples of several configurations without cell split :
z The 3x6 TRXs Standard Indoor configuration is made of:
Î one Medi Indoor Standard 1x6 TRXs cabinet
Î one Medi Indoor Standard 2x6 TRXs cabinet
z The 3x8 TRXs Standard Indoor configuration is made of:
Î three Medi Indoor Standard 1x8 TRXs cabinet
z The 3x4 Medi Outdoor High power configuration is made of:
Î one Mini Outdoor High power 1x4 TRXs cabinet
Î one Medi Outdoor High power 2x4 TRXs cabinet
Page 17
S1 : Introduction
1.6 Extended Cell (1/3)
Definition
z Provides the continuous coverage, minimizing the number of sites.
z Allows reaching a coverage range of up to 70 km in low traffic density
areas such as: rural areas, highways, off shore, desert areas
Principle
z An extended cell is composed of one BTS including two sectors:
Extended cell
Î the first sector handles inner-cell traffic up to 35 km.
Î the second sector handles outer-cell traffic,
Outer cell
from 33 km to a maximum of 70 km.
Î each sector can include from 1 up to 4 TRX.
Inner cell
z Outer cell sector has to be configured as
35 km
35 km to
70 km
low loss with REK or standard with TMA.
Sector1
z the receiver of the outer cell BTS is delayed
z inner cell is barred (no access)
Sector2
z receiver of inner cell BCCH is tuned to
outer cell BCCH frequency
Handover relationship
18
To compensate for the propagation delay of bursts from mobiles located in the outer cell, the receiver of the outer cell
BTS is delayed. The inner cell is barred and the receiver of the Inner cell BCCH TRE is tuned to the outer cell BCCH
frequency. Wherever the mobile is located (Inner, Outer or overlap zone) it always camps on the outer cell (for initial
access). If the mobile is located within the Inner cell, the channel for the Inner cell will be allocated by the Outer cell.
Because the Inner cell is barred, the Inner cell must be completely covered by the Outer cell area.
Active call mobiles moving from the inner cell to the outer cell, or vice versa, will be handed over to the complementary
cell respectivel
To achieve a cell range up to 70 km for the outer cell, a high effective height of the antenna is needed (effective height
= height of the site (e.g. cliff, hill) + antenna height).
Exemples of outer cell range (in km) for different configurations, environements and antenna heights:
Environment
Effective Antenna Height
Low Tree
Agriculture
Open Area
Water
50 m
19.3
31.6
50.9
54.9
100 m
31.3
52.8
70.0
70.0
200 m
54.2
70.0
70.0
70.0
2 TRX MP w/o TMA
2 TRX MP w. TMA
50 m
22.7
37.2
59.9
64.7
100 m
37.3
62.9
70.0
70.0
200 m
65.3
70.0
70.0
70.0
Page 18
S1 : Introduction
Extended cell Evolium™ BTS using Range Extension Kit (REK)
Inner cell
Outer cell
MAB
Combining
ANc
TRX 1
TRX 4
MAB
MAB
MAB
PDU
PDU
No-combining
ANc
No-combining
ANc
TRX 1
Standard 1x4 TRX
TRX 2
TRX 1
REK
TRX 2
Low-loss 1x4 TRX + REK
MAB Masthead Amplification Box
PDU Power distribution Unit
19
The basic advantage of REK is to enhance the capabilities of Alcatel 9100 BTS in terms of coverage by increasing the
size of the cell which significantly impacts the density of sites to be implemented over the service area of GSM
networks.
The REK is composed of :
Î a Masthead Amplification Box ( MAB ) which is installed closed to the antenna (behind or below the
antenna),
Î a Power Distribution Unit ( PDU ) which is installed closed to the BTS cabinet, or inside the cabinet in
case of Outdoor BTS.
z The MAB ensures the power amplification in downlink, and the low noise amplification in uplink, and includes
the RF lightning protections.
z The PDU provides the DC power to the MAB through the antenna feeder, and collects the alarm signals.
Page 19
S1 : Introduction
Extended cell Evolium™ BTS using Tower Mounted Amplifier
(TMA)
Inner cell
Outer cell
TMA
TMA
TMA
PDU
Combining
ANc
TRX 1
TRX 4
Standard 1x4 TRX
Combining
ANc
TRX 1
TRX 2
Standard 1x4 TRX + TMA
20
A significant part of the benefits brought by the outstanding sensitivity of the Evolium™ Alcatel 9100 Base Station can
be lost if the losses incurred by signals along the feeder cable between the receiving antenna and the antenna coupling
module (ANC) are too high. As a matter of fact the noise factor of the system is degraded by an amount depending on
the feeder loss.
The counterpart of getting a better sensitivity by means of a tower-mounted amplifier is the risk to degrade the blocking
and intermodulation characteristics of the base station if the value of the amplification gain greatly exceeds the value of
the feeder losses. The attention of operators is drawn to the fact that, in such a case, the site equipment might not fully
comply with ETSI requirements settled in the GSM recommendation 05.05.
Page 20
S1: Introduction
PIDU
ODU
19" x 1U IDU
21
Microwave links are one of the possibilities to provide 2Mbit/s links required for connection to the BSC or to other
BTSs.
Microwave equipment are typically made of two parts:
z - a "radio part" that includes the antenna and the associated transmitter/receiver; this part is typically installed
outdoor, where the antenna must be, and is thus also called the "Outdoor Unit" (ODU).
z - a "baseband part" that takes in charge base band processing plus other common functions; this second part is
designed to be installed indoor, and is thus also called the "Indoor Unit" (IDU)
ODU in 13-23-25-38 GHz frequency bands.
Typically the distance achieved are:
z From 5 to 30 km for the microwave frequencies (13 to 18 GHz)
z From a few hundred meters up to 10 km for the millimeter wave frequencies (23 to 38 GHz)
More specifically, within the Alcatel range of microwave products, the A9400 UX Microwave, the following possibilities
for IDU are offered:
z - 19" x 1U Standard Indoor Units (Standard, or Classic, IDU), giving access to the full range of transmission
capacities (capacity : 2x2, 4x2, 8x2, 16x2, 34+2 Mbit/s) in 13-23-25-38 GHz frequency bands; and able to be
coupled to provide 1+1 securization.
z - 19" x 1U Light Indoor Units (Light IDU), with capacities of 2x2 and 4x2 Mbit/s in 13-23-25-38 GHz frequency
bands and in 1+0 (no securization).
z - Plug-in Light Indoor Unit (PIDU), with a capacity of 4x2 Mbit/s in 13-23-25-38 GHz frequency bands and in
1+0 (no securization).
Page 21
S1 : Introduction
Microwave integration
z The Plug-in light IDU (PIDU ) is a new mechanical version of
the light IDU, that has been designed to be fully integrated in
the indoor and outdoor cabinets as a BTS plug-in module in
the radio sub-racks.
z PIDU features:
Î Power supply via back panel as other BTS plug-in
modules.
Î A-bis connector and connection to ODU accessible on
the front panel.
Î Monitoring of Microwave possible by external alarms.
Î Possible integration of the PIDU in the BTS remote
inventory.
22
Page 22
S1 : Introduction
BSC
BSC
ODU
ODU
ODU
PIDU
PIDU
PIDU
SUMA
SUMA
BTS Rack
ODU1
PIDU1
Handle
BTS Rack
Middle chain configuration
End chain configuration
BSC
Other
BTSs
ODU2
PIDU2
Other
BTSs
PIDU3
ODU3
Other
BTSs
SUMA
BTS Rack
Middle chain configuration
+ distant BTS connection
23
In each BTS, one PIDU must be used per individual microwave link.
Up to 3 PIDU in Indoor or Outdoor cabinets.
Each modules have a capacity of 4x2 Mbps.
Page 23
S1 : Introduction
1.8 Secondary A-bis
The increase in data throughputs over radio interface, may lead
to the use of a secondary Abis. Only SUMA board supports this
feature.
New Abis topologies are accepted:
Primary Abis
BSC
EVOLIUM
BTS
Secondary Abis
Primary Abis
EVOLIUM
BTS
BTS
BTS
Secondary Abis
24
The second Abis is used when there is not enough freee timeslots on the primary Abis for all BTS timeslots. This is
required that the primary Abis should be fully assigned to the BTS. So the secondary Abis cannot be attached to a BTS
if the BTS is not alone on the primary Abis.
This implies that it is not possible to:
z Connect a BTS in chain after a BTS with two Abis,
z Change the Abis from chain to ring if there is a BTS with two Abis,
z Attach a second Abis to a BTS that is not at the end of an Abis chain
z Attach a second Abis to a BTS that is in an Abis ring.
Only EVOLIUM BTS with SUMA boards supports the second Abis link. EVOLIUM BTS with SUMP board have to be
upgraded.
The primary A-bis carries Basic Time Slots and Extra Time Slots for the TRXs in the BTS while the secondary A-bis
carries only Extra Time slots.
Page 24
2
Functional Architecture
25
Page 25
2 Functional Architecture
Objective : to be able to identify the functional subsets of the
BTS
Program :
z 2.1 BTS Overall architecture
z 2.2 Telecommunication
z 2.3 Operation and maintenance
z 2.4 Transmission
z 2.5 Antenna network
z 2.6 Auto identification
26
Page 26
S2 : Functional architecture
2.1 BTS Overall architecture
Abis
SUM
TRANS
Clock
OMU
TRE
AN
BTS_TE
also called LMT
BTS - BSC Interface
Station Unit Module
Transmission
Clocks
Operation and Maintenance Unit
Transceiver Equipment
Antenna Network
BTS Terminal
(Local Maintenance Terminal)
Abis
SUM
CLOCK
T
R
A
N
S
TRE
AN
OMU
BTS_TE
27
Transmission controls :
Î Radio channels management.
Î Abis link management.
OMU manages:
Î Fault management.
Î Performance management.
Î Translation of SBL to RIT
TRE controls :
Î Modulation of the signal
Î TDMA Frame
AN Role:
Î Coupling, Duplexing.Filtering.
Î Amplification. Splitting.
Page 27
2.2 Telecommunication
Speech Processing
Speech
Transcoding
Rate
Adaptation
Channel
Encoding
Burst
Formating
Interleaving
Ciphering
ENC in
TRED
Transmission
&
Transcoder
Fonctions
Speech
Transcoding
Rate
Adaptation
Modulation
Transmission
MOD in TREA
PA in TREP A
BED in TRED
Channel
Decoding
DeInterleaving
Burst
Unformating
DEC in
TRED
Duplexing
AN
TRE
Deciphering
Demodulati
on
DEM Normal + Div
in TRED
Reception
RFIF & IFD in TRE A
BTS
* Some uplink fonctions are duplicate for Antena Diversity.
28
Speech Transcoding
z The TC performs speech transcoding on the TCH in both directions.
z It realizes the coding of the TCH by TCH/F or TCH/H
Rate adaptation
z Adapts the TC data rate to the speech frame format used on the Air Interface
z 64 kbps to 16kbps (vice-versa).
Channel Encoding & Decoding
z Produces a string of encoded TDMA bursts for transmission over the Air Interface, such as:
Î Normal burst used for the traffic and signaling channels
Î Synchronization Burst used for the SCH
Î Frequency Corrective Burst used for the FCCH
Î Dummy Burst used to stuff BCCH time slots and unused TCH time slots
Interleaving / De-interleaving
z Applied to improve the error detection rate
z Except the the burst which carries the BCCH
Encryption / Decryption
z Used to protect the confidentiality of the messages on the Air Interface
z Three options are possible in accordance with the GSM Rec. 03.20 :
Î Two algorithms A5/1or A5/2 for encryption
Î A5/0 no encryption
Page 28
2.3 Operation & Maintenance
The O&M functions monitor and control the operation of the
BTS:
z Configuration management
z Fault management
z External alarm handling
29
Page 29
The O&M Configuration Management Function handles the
following tasks:
Î Central command Control
Î Configuration / Initialisation
Î File Handling
Î Data base
Î Remote Inventory and RF Cabling Detection
Î Live Insertion and Removal of modules
Î Hardware extension / Reduction
30
Central Command Control
Î commands from the BSC or operator are translated to low-level commands for the relevant BTS
modules.
Configuration/Initialisation
Î Software initially downloaded from the BSC to the O&M functions is subsequently downloaded to the
other BTS modules. The O&M functions configure each BTS modules, and report start-up test result to
the BSC.
File Handling
Î Up to two versions of the downloaded software can be stored in memory at any one time. This allows
the software to be downloaded without service interruption.
Remote Inventory & RF Cabling Detection
Î The O&M functions can interrogate the hardware to determine which modules are installed and how
they are connected.
Live Insertion and Removal of Modules
Î All modules can be inserted or removed from the BTS while power is connected.
Hardware Extension/Reduction
Î Additional modules can be added to the existing configuration and then the BTS is reconfigured under
BSC control.
Page 30
BTS power-up scenario
Start-up reason
(1)
SUM bootstrap
When the BTS is powered-up, reset or
restarted, a fixed sequence of events
occurs.
There are several different scenarios
that differ by:
z Whether or not the BTS downloads
the module software
z How the software is activated after
it has been downloaded.
BTS/OMU started
Download SUM SW
Start SUM SW
(1), (6), (7), (8)
Download
BTS files
OMU-CPF
Start-up,
Reset or Restart
Reason
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Restart Reconfigure Increment Download
autorestart OMU-CPF
BTS
BTS
counter
BTS context Reconfigure
recovery
BTS
SW Activate
Report reason for start-up,
reset or restart
(fault, command)
This figure gives an overview of all BTS Reset/Restart reason
BTS
OPERATIONAL
(2), (3), (4), (5)
start-up scenarios and presents the
internal states of the BTS O&M.
Start-up, Reset or Restart reason
1
2
3
4
BTS / SUM Power-up
Restart BTS
Restart OMU
OMU auto restart without OMU-CPF
replacement
Reset/Restart reason
(6), (7), (8)
5 OMU auto restart with OMU-CPF
replacement
6 Reset BTS
7 Reset OMU
8 OMU auto reset
31
Page 31
BTS/SUM power up phases
BSC
1
OMU FW
TRANS & CLOCK FW
OMU/SUM
FW autotest
TRANS FW autotest
Auto configuration
Modules
Abis configuration exchange
2
BSC connection
BTS/OMU/SUM STARTED
3
Step 1
BTS MASTER FILE DOWNLOAD
OMU/SUM SW/SPF DOWNLOAD if not
already present in EPROM
Step 2
OTHER BTS PACKAGE DOWNLOAD if
not already present in EPROM
OMU_CPF FILE DOWNLOAD
4
5
SW ACTIVATE (BTS level)
BTS FAULT INDICATION
Actions after OMU/SUM or BTS power
up, (auto) restart, (auto) reset
32
Phase 1 - After power up or bootstrap the OMU FW and TRANS&CLOCK FW are activated. They perform the
corresponding modules autotests.
Phase 2 - After the IOM connection establishment between the OMU and TRANS&CLOCK, the OMU gets the OML
position on the Abis. If this is not available the OML autodetection mechanism is started.
Phase 3 - The BTS software is transferred to the SUM in two steps:
Î First, the BSC sends the BTS Master File, which contains a list of all the files needed by the BTS. This
group of files is called the BTS Software Package.
Î The SUM software compares the list of files contained in the BTS Master File with the files contained in
the SUM Flash-EPROM. The SUM software then requests files that need to be downloaded:
ª The correct version is not in Flash-EPROM
ª The correct version exists but has become corrupted.
Phase 4
z The BSC sends to the OMU the HW and logical configuration data from the BSS Database (DLS) via several
Configuration Data Messages (CDM).
z The OMU inspects the BTS Master file to determine the correct files to be downloaded for each module that has
been identified. The OMU downloads internally the modules which have a loadable SW (TRE and AN). The
OMU initialises all the modules.
z The OMU/SUM performs some consistency checks relative to the whole BTS.
z The checks and actions on the checks errors are performed in the following sequence:
Î Check files in OMU/SUM memory with module types
Î Check Trans configuration for TRE
Î CDM and OMU CPF consistency checks
z Due to consistency checks the CDM is accepted or rejected. In case of rejection the error reported is the first
check error detected.
Phase 5 -After the software has been activated, the SUM sends two messages to the BSC. The first message is the
BTS_CONF_COMPL message (configuration completion report) which contains configuration error messages. The
second message is the BTS_SW_ACTIVATE_REPORT. This provides an overall report of the results of the software
initialization, together with a reminder of the reason for the BTS reset/restart.
The TRE Telecom Configuration is sent by the BSC via RSL.
Page 32
The Fault Management Function handles the following tasks:
z Alarm detection and Correlation
z Alarm Reporting
z Alarm Translation
z Module Power Supply Control
33
Alarm Detection & Correlation
Î Detects and filters alarms to prevent the generation of multiple fault report from a single source of failure
Alarm Reporting
Î Forwards alarms to the BSC for processing
Alarm Translation
Î Translates alarms to a GSM function level format, independent of hardware and software versions.
Modules Power Supply Control
Î Module power on/off is controlled by the O&M function via the BCB Interface.
Page 33
External Alarm Handling
z For all BTSs, 16 external alarms inputs are available.
z For the outdoor BTSs:
Î 5 inputs are pre-cabled inside the cabinet (heat
exchanger, door, fire detector, key switch and water
detector),
Î the other 11 inputs are available for external equipment;
9 - 3 inputs are available from outside the cabinet,
with galvanic protection,
9 - 8 inputs are available for optional modules inside
the cabinet
Translation of the SBL to Hardware Element
z This function allows the translation of the SBL received from
the BSC to the modules defined in the architecture
34
Page 34
2.4 Transmission
Two physical A-bis interfaces are used to connect the BTS to the
BSC.
z This interfaces are supervised by transmission functions at
BTS and BSC sides.
z This interface handles the transfer of traffic and signalling
data
z The 2 Mbps bandwidth of the Abis Interface is used as 32
time slot, each of 64 kbps (ITU G703/704 frame).
35
Page 35
2.4 Transmission
Multiplexing
z On the Downlink / Uplink, the BSC transmission functions multiplexes
and de-multiplexes the data onto the Abis Interface.
z At the BTS the data is de-multiplexed / multiplexed by the BTS
transmission functions
Signalling
z Signalling frames are sent
Î via the RSL between the BSC and the baseband functions
9 One RSL is required for each BTS carrier
Î Via the OML between the BSC and the O&M functions
9 Only one OML is used by BTS
36
Page 36
2.4 Transmission
Traffic
z Time slots not used for signalling information are available
to carry traffic. For this purpose, each 64 kb/s time slot is
divided into four 16 kb/s nibbles of two bits each.
Î One TCH FR uses one nibble, so four of them can share the same
A-bis time slot.
Î One TCH HR uses half of one nibble, so eight of them can share
the same A-bis time slot.
Î A radio time slot with data throughput higher than 16 kb/s needs up
to 4 extra A-bis nibbles, in addition to the basic one.
37
Example:
z For a TRX using the MCS9 (Modulation and Coding Scheme) 4 extra nibbles are needed for each radio
timeslot.
z So a total amount of 5 nibbles per radio timeslot.
z 8 radio timeslots in one TDMA frame -> 10 A-bis timeslots will be needed for this TRX.
Page 37
2.5 Antenna Network
The main functions of the AN are:
z Downlink
Î Isolation of the transmitters from the receivers
Î Combining of two transmitters to connect them to single antenna
Î Duplexing to allow transmitters and receivers to share the same
antenna
Î Power coupling and detection to sample the VSWR forward and
reflected power
z Uplink
Î Pre-amplification to amplify the received signal and control the
overall gain of the antenna network
Î Splitting to distribute the received signal to a pair of receivers
38
Page 38
2.6 Auto identification
Auto identification
z Auto identification is the capability of the BTS to recognise
by it self:
Î
Î
Î
Î
For each managed module, both RIT type and RIT location,
The sector to which each ANC belongs to,
The mapping TRE/ANC
All the BTS HW and SW capabilities.
z Most of the information, mainly capabilities and module type
versions, are retrieved by the Remote Inventory function.
The mapping is retrieved with the help of the RF cabling
detection.
39
RF cabling detection : for the auto-Identification purpose, it is necessary that the BTS can detect its hardware structure.
The hardware structure is composed of two parts :
z Which modules are in the BTS ?
z How are those modules interconnected ?
The first question is answered through the remote inventory access.
To answer to the second question, 2 types of interfaces are used: digital and RF.
z As the digital interface is of bus type, the module interconnection through this interface is easily determined.
z For the RF interface, a specific mechanism called "RF cabling detection" is implemented for the RX.
Concerning the cabling, the OMU is handles the status of the RF cabling and identifies the links between TRE
and ANC. RF cabling detection is not a guaranty that all the cabling is correct, but it provides a map of BTS
connectivity.
The RF cabling detection applies only to the RX cabling.The principle consists in sending, at OMU order, a low voltage
DC signal to an ANx reception line, by means of the BCB. The TRE(s) receiving this signal will then inform the OMU,
specifying if the signal has been received on RXO or RX1. This detection needs to be performed at least at BTS startup.
The TX cabling is considered correct if the corresponding normal RX cabling is correct. This assumption is based on
the usage of either bound cables (1 TX + 2 RX) and bound connectors.
No cabling detection can be performed on Any. ANy connections can be deduced from engineering rules.
Page 39
3
Hardware Architecture
40
Page 40
3 Hardware Architecture
Objective : to be able to identify the hardware modules of the BTS
Program :
z 3.1 Introduction
z 3.2 Station Unit Module (SUMA)
z 3.3 Transceiver Equipment (TRE)
z 3.4 Antenna network unit (ANY)
z 3.5 Antenna network unit (ANC)
z 3.6 BTS External Connections
z 3.7 Fan units
z 3.8 Interconnections in the BTS
z 3.9 BTS Indoor
z 3.10 BTS Outdoor
z 3.11 Power consumption
41
Page 41
S3 : Hardware architecture
3.1 Introduction
The Architecture of the Alcatel 9100 Base Station is based on
three levels:
z Antenna Coupling Network level
Î Duplexers stage (ANC)
Î Combiners stage (ANY)
z Transceiver (TRX) level
z Base station Control Function (BCF) level
42
Page 42
3.1 Introduction
Air interface
Antenna
coupling
level
ANc
RFI
TRX
TRX
TRX
TRX
ANy
ANy
RFI
TRX level
ANc
RFI
TRX
TRX
TRX
TRX
TRX
TRX
TRX
TRX
BSII
SUM
FACB
BTS-RI
BCF level
BTS-CA
or COAR
XIOB
Interface Abis
43
Antenna coupling level
z The general functions performed at this level are:
Î Duplexing transmit and receive paths onto common antennas
Î Feeding the received signals from the antenna to the receiver front end, where the signals are amplified
and distributed to the different receivers
Î Providing filtering for the transmit and the receive paths
Î Combining, if necessary, output signals of different transmitters and connecting them to the antenna(s)
Î Supervising antennas VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio).
Transceiver (TRX) level
z The transceiver (TRX) level covers GSM 900, GSM 1800 and GSM 1900 functionalities, including full rate, half
rate, enhanced full rate, antenna diversity, radio frequency hopping (synthesized hopping) and different
ciphering algorithms. For each band, these functions are integrated into one single module.
Page 43
Main Functions
z Generating the clocks for all other BTS modules:
Î the clocks can be either synchronised to an external clock
reference, e.g. Abis link, or another BTS, or
Î generated in a pure free run mode by an internal frequency
generator.
z Ensuring central BTS O&M application
z Handling of two Abis transmission links
z Handling OML (Operation and Maintenance Link) and Qmux
protocols (transmission equipment supervision)
44
Synchronization
z A-bis link (PCM-synchronized),
z Another BTS (slave mode), previous BTS generation may be used;
z Integrated GPS receiver as an option,
z Hardware provision for A-bis in-band signals synchronization, hence avoiding preventive maintenance for
internal frequency generator calibration.
Page 44
Features
z Only one SUM for all BTS sectors (Station Unit Sharing)
z GPS Options on the main board
z Abis extension or HDSL Options on baby board
z USB access (for factory autotest today)
z Control the AC/DC function when integrated inside the BTS
(Outdoor or Indoor AC configurations)
z Control and Set the optimal voltage and current for battery
charging
z Controlling the battery (capacity, voltage, temperature)
45
Page 45
SUMA block diagram
46
The SUMA board provides a switchable 2 Mbps duplex connection between the Abis Interface and the BSII. The BSII
is used to transfer the TCH information to the TRE module, and O&M information to the OMU/SUM microprocessor.
SUMA has an additional BSII 2 interface. This is used to carry exclusively TCH information.
The SUMP uses 2 microprocessors (one for OMU function and one for Trans & Clock function), the SUMA only one for
both functions.
If a secondary A-bis is needed to carry additional extra time slots, one single BSII (Base Station Internal Interface) is
not enough. Then the BSII2, managed only by SUMA board, must be used.
Page 46
SUMA Front View
LED
OML
ABIS 1
O&M
ABIS 2
Color
Yellow
Yellow
Yellow
Yellow
FAULT
ON
ABIS 3
ABIS 4
Yellow
Yellow
Status
Description
On
Link connected.
Blinking
Connecting link.
Off
Link disconnected.
On
Abis 1 serviceable.
Blinking
Failure detected on Abis 1.
Off
Not configured or not used.
On
Operational.
Blinking
In a transient state, before reaching the operational state.
Off
Not used.
On
Abis 2 serviceable.
Blinking
Failure detected on Abis 2
Off
On
Fatal alarm or module is unserviceable.
Blinking
Non-fatal alarm.
Off
No alarm.
On
Converter 1 serviceable.
Off
Converter 1 faulty.
On
Abis 3 serviceable.
Blinking
Off
On
Abis 4 serviceable.
Blinking
Off
47
Page 47
Main Functions
Base band processing and RF processing :
z Radio resource management
Î Burst coding/decoding, encryption/decryption,
modulation/demodulation,
power control and ramping, DTX ...
z Terrestrial link management
Î Transcoding and rate adaptation, LAPD management
16 & 64 kbps with static and statistical submultiplexing
z Telecom TRX management
Î Overload management, Telecom configuration/
reconfiguration, RSL management
z Analogue signal processing
Î Analogue transmitter, analogue receiver, loop for RF supervision
48
Page 48
TRE basic architecture
BCB
ADR
BSII
PSWITCH
TRED
CLKI
LEDS
FHL
DEBUG
HFFI
RCD
CUI
RFI
TREA
PSI
TREP
I²CA
PRI
49
The TRE combines digital baseband and analog RF functionality in one module. The architecture is split into three
functional blocks:
Î Digital part TRED
Î Analog part TREA with the power amplifier
- TEPAxx (for TADH , TAGH , TRAG , TRAD , TRAP , TADH)
- TREPAxx (for TRGM , TRDM , TRDH , TRPM)
Î Power supply
- TREPS (for TRAG, TRAD)
- TREPSH (for TADH , TAGH , TRAL , TRAP, TRDH)
- TREP (for TRGM, TRDM, TRDH, TRPM)
Î In the TADH/TAGH//TRAD/TRAG/TRAL/TRAP TRE variants TRED and TREA are realized on one
submodule (TREDAx).
z CUI also carries the reference clock to the analog part of the TRE.
z Radio Cabling detection interface (RCD) is used to report DC signal detected by TRE_A at RFI interfaces to
the TRE_D
z I²C Interface to the EEPROM on TREA which store the calibration and adjustment data.
z Power and Remote Interface (PRI) includes the power distribution to the TRE_D and TRE_A part and the
Module
z Power Supply Control interface (MPSC).
Page 49
TRED sub-system
PRI PSwitch
RCD
BCB
MMI/DEBUG1
DEBUG2
LEDs
RI
ET
ETA
SCP
ECPL
CLKI
CGU
ENCT (1 DSP)
TXP
ENC
I2CA
BSII
MUX
HFFI
BED
DEC
(1 DSP)
FHL
DEM
(1 DSP)
CUL
(1 LCA)
CUI
DEM
(1 DSP)
MBED (1 LCA)
50
z RI : The Remote Inventory consists mainly of one ASIC and a EEPROM. It is used to store module information.
z MUX : The Multiplexer has the task to select the right BSII transmit and receive line and route the data between
the DSP's and the BSII.
z DEC : The DECoder performs the channel decoding and sends TRAU frames to the BSII.
z ENC : The ENCoder performs the channel encoding and receives the TRAU frames from the BSII.
z BED : The Base band interface, Encryption and Decryption block routes the data between the different DSP's
and generates the encryption and decryption patterns. As well the BED controls the FHL and HFFI interface.
z TXP : The Transmit Processor sends downlink data to the TREA and also performs all control and supervision
functions for the analogue HW.
z DEM: The DEModulator performs the pre-processing of the uplink data, channel demodulation and
equalisation.
z CUL: The Carrier Unit Logic adapts the DSP to the various data and control lines needed for the TREA.
z ETA: The External Test Adapter consists of logic and driver to allow the connection of external equipment for
real time tracing of the L1 ECPL entities (with IACA, FUCA and ISA tool use).
z SCP: The Signalling and Control Processor performs the L2 and L3 processing for signalling on both radio side
and Abis side and also all necessary O&M actions for the TRE.
z CGU: Clock Generation Unit consists of two PLLs - one for BSII clock and one for CLKI clock - and of clock
buffers and dividers for TRED internal clock distribution.
Page 50
TREA sub-system
TREA
TREPA
I2CA
preampli
TX
FTXP_A
MOD
I&Q
TXRFCC
analog
signals
RF TXsyn freq
CUI
RFI_TX
RFI_TX
PA
to AN
detect
TXSYN
CULCLK_A
CLKUP
RF RXsyn freq
CULC_A
RXSYN
TDEM_A
IFD
FDEMC_A
RFLOOP
RX0 IF
signal
RFI_RX0
FDEMD_A
RX1 IF
signal
RFIF
from AN
RFI_RX1
RCD
Radio Cabling Detection
51
z MOD : Modulator is in charge of the modulation of the TRED data into baseband I and Q analogue signals.
z TXRFCC : TX RF Converter and Controller is in charge of :
Î Up conversion into RF carrier frequency provided by the TXSYN.
Î TX RF power control & regulation based on RF power and ramping.
Î Command from ENCT and RF power detection from PA.
Î Reporting of PA detection (VSWR and RF Poiwer) to ENCT via CUL
z TXSYN : TX SYNthesiser is in charge of providing the RF hopping carrier frequency to TXRFCC.
z RFIF : RX RF/IF is in charge of the RX RF signal amplification and the down conversion to an intermediate
frequency (IF). It also provides cable detection information to the TRED.
z RXSYN : RX SYNthesiser is in charge of providing the RF hopping carrier frequency to RFIF.
z IFD : IF Demodulator is in charge of the IF signal amplification IFD, I/Q demodulation and I and Q baseband
sampling for the TRED.
z RFLOOP : Radio Frequency Loop is in charge of converting transmit frequency band into receive band so as
the signal can be fed to RX path 0 and 1 of the receiver. Whole frequency band and hopping mode are
managed.
z CLKUP : CLocK Clean UP is in charge of delivering the reference clock to TXSYN, RXSYN and also for IFD
and MOD.
Page 51
TRE Front panel
Connector
Description
Test
Provides an interface to the TRE for factory test purposes.
TX
Provides the transmit RF Interface to the AN module.
RX 0, RX 1
Provides two receive RF Interfaces from the AN module.
Module
Handle
TOWARDS
AN
TX
Leds meaning
RSL
TX
OP
BCCH
FAULT
PWR
Yellow
Yellow
Yellow
Yellow
Red
Green
On
Link connected
Blinking
Connecting link
Off
Link disconnected
On
Transmitting on SDCCH, CBCH or TCH
POWER
Blinking
Emitting (normal operation)
Off
Not transmitting
On
Fully operational
Blinking
Initializing
Off
Not operational
On
Transmitting
Off
Not transmitting
On
Fatal alarm
Blinking
Non-fatal alarm
Off
No alarm
On
Output voltages present
Off
Output voltages faulty
ENABLE
OFF
USB TEST
Connector
TEST
RX0
FROM
AN
RX1
RSL
LEDS
Equipment
Labels
OP
PWR
TX
BCCH
FAULT
52
The power supply is applied to the TRE if two conditions are met:
z The POWER switch on the front panel is on “ENABLE” position
z The OMU function enables the power on for the corresponding TRE.
Page 52
TRE G3 band and power:
Variant
Band
Power
Output level
(MHz)
(Watt)
(dBm)
TRGM
900
35 W
45.44 dBm
TRDM
1800
37 W
45.69 dBm
TRDH
1800
63.5 W
48.03 dBm
TRPM
1900
35 W
45.44 dBm
53
Page 53
TRE G4 band and power:
(MHz)
Output Power,
GMSK
Output Power,
8-PSK
TRAL
850
45 W; 46.5 dBm
15 W; 41.8 dBm
TRAG
900
45 W; 46.5 dBm
15 W; 41.8 dBm
TAGH
900
60 W; 47.8 dBm
25 W; 44.0 dBm
TRAD
1800
35 W; 45.4 dBm
12 W; 40.8 dBm
TADH
1800
60 W; 47.8 dBm
25 W; 44.0 dBm
TRAP
1900
45 W; 46.5 dBm
25 W; 44.0 dBm
TRAGE
900
45 W; 46.5 dBm
30 W; 44.8 dBm
TRADE
1800
35 W; 45.4 dBm
30 W; 44.8 dBm
Variant
Band
54
Page 54
The losses between TRE connector and the Antenna connector
Configuration
Transmission loss (dB)
1 ANC without bridges
1.8
1 ANC
5.1
1 ANC + 1 ANY
8.6
1 ANX
1.8
1 ANX / 1 ANY
5.3
1 ANX + 2 ANY
8.8
delta ANY
3.5
55
Page 55
3.4 Antenna Network Unit (ANY)
The twin Wide Band Combiner module (ANY)
z
The ANY combines up to four transmitters into two outputs,
and distributes the two received signals up to four receivers.
TXAIN1
TXAOUT
RX0AIN
RX1AIN
WBC
Splitter
Splitter
RX0A
RX0A RX1A
OUT1 OUT1 TXAIN2 OUT2
TX RXn RXd
TX
TRE 1
RX1A TXBIN1
OUT2
RXn RXd
TRE 2
TXBOUT
RX0BIN
WBC
Splitter
RX1BIN
Splitter
RX0B RX1B TXBIN2
OUT1 OUT1
TX RXn RXd
TRE 3
RX0B
OUT2
RX1B
OUT2
TX RXn RXd
TRE 4
56
The Twin Wide Band Combiner stage (ANy) combines up to four transmitters into two outputs, and distributes the two
received signals up to four receivers. This module includes twice the same structure, each structure containing:
z - one wide band combiner (WBC), concentrating two transmitter outputs into one
z - two splitters, each one distributing the received signal to two separate outputs providing diversity and nondiversity path
The hybrid Wide-band combining technique is used, since it avoids tuning problems and is more reliable compared to
remotely tuneable cavities. Moreover it is compatible with the Synthesized Frequency Hopping (SFH) feature.
Page 56
3.4 Antenna Network Unit (ANY)
SERIAL NBR LABEL
RX0AIN
FROM/TO
ANX
TXAOUT
RX1AIN
RX0AOUT1
FROM/TO
TRE
TXAIN1
RX1AOUT1
RX0AOUT2
TXAIN2
RX1AOUT2
FROM/TO
TRE
RX0BIN
FROM/TO
ANX
TXBOUT
RX1BIN
RX0BOUT1
TXBIN1
RX1BOUT1
FROM/TO
TRE
RX0BOUT2
FROM/TO
TRE
TXBIN2
RX1BOUT2
MNEMONIC LABEL
57
Page 57
3.5 Antenna Network Unit (ANC)
The Antenna Network Combiner (ANC) module
z Duplexing transmit and receive
paths onto common antennas
z Providing filtering for the transmit
and the receive paths
z Combining if necessary output of
the transmitters
z Supervising antennas VSWR
58
This module includes twice the same structure, each structure containing:
z one duplexer allowing a single antenna to be used for the transmission and reception of both downlink and
uplink channels- hence minimizing the number of antenna
z a frequency selective VSWR meter to monitor antenna feeder and antenna
z one LNA amplifying the receive RF signal, and giving good VSWR values, noise compression and good
reliability
z two splitter levels distributing the received signal to two or four separate outputs so that each output receive the
signal from its dedicated antenna and from the second one (diversity)
z one Wide Band Combiner (WBC), concentrating two transmitter outputs into one, only for configurations with
more than two TRX.
Each sector is equipped with at least one ANC (or ANX for G3 BTSs).
Page 58
Antenna network Combiner ANC – No-combining mode
ANTENNA A
TXA - RXA - RXdivB
ANTENNA B
TXB - RXB - RXdivA
BSII
Duplexer
Filter
Filter
LNA
BCB -48V
Duplexer
VSWR
Detector
µProcessor
& Memory
BCB
Interface
Filter
Filter
LNA
DC/DC
Converter
Splitter
WBC
TX
Splitter
RXn
RXd
TRE 1
Splitter
Splitter
Splitter
WBC
Splitter
Rxd
RXn
Tx
TRE 2
59
The No-combining mode for configuration up to 2 TRX, for which the Wide Band Combiner is not needed therefore
bypassed as shown above.
Page 59
Antenna network Combiner ANC – Combining mode
ANTENNA A
TXA - RXA - RXdivB
ANTENNA B
TXB - RXB - RXdivA
BSII
Duplexer
Filter
BCB -48V
Duplexer
VSWR
Detector
Filter
µProcessor
& Memory
LNA
Filter
BCB
Interface
Filter
LNA
DC/DC
Converter
Splitter
WBC
TX
Splitter
Splitter
Splitter
RXn
TRE 1
RXd
TX
RXn
TRE 2
RXd
Splitter
Rxd
RXn
TRE 2
WBC
Splitter
Tx
Rxd
RXn
Tx
TRE 2
60
The Combining mode for configuration from 3 up to 4 TRX, for which the Wide Band combiner is not bypassed as
shown above.
Page 60
ANC front panel (e.g. CELWAVE 1800)
Serial Number
TXAOUT
RX1AOUT1
TXAIN
RX0AOUT1
TXAIN1
RX1AOUT2
Bridge
RX0AOUT2
Leds meaning
O&M
Yellow
On
Operational state
Slow
Blinking
Transient state
for reaching O&M Operational state
Off
Out of order state
On
VSWR OK
and
Slow
Blinking
VSWR low threshold is reached
VSWRA
Fast
Blinking
VSWR high threshold is reached
Off
VSWR not supervised
On
Fatal alarm for the module or module in out of
order state
Slow
Blinking
Non fatal alarm presence
Off
No alarm
VSWRA
ALARM
Yellow
Red
Module
Handle
TXAIN2
VSWRB
ALARM
ANTA
ANTB
TXBIN 2
O&M
VSWRA
TXBIN 1
RX0BOUT2
RX1BOUT2
TXBIN
RX0BOUT1
TXBOUT
RX1BOUT1
Bridge
61
Page 61
3.5 Antenna Network Unit (AN)
Losses due to the Antenna Network (AN)
Module
ANC
Transmission loss (dB)
4.4
ANC no bridge
1
ANX
1
ANY
3.3
Radio cables
TRE-AN
0.3
AN-AN
0.2
AN-Antenna
0.5
62
Page 62
BTS Indoor
DC Filter
Connectors
Circuit Breakers
DC & AC Variant
AC Variant
DC Variant
DC Output
-48 V / 200W max
External
Battery
AC Imput
External
DC
Equipment
labels
DC Filter
Connectors
DC Output
-48 V / 200W max
Circuit Breakers
63
Located behind the interconnection area is an XIOB (External Input Output Board). The XIOB is connected to the
interconnection area and contains a 24 V DC/DC converter and interface circuitry for external alarms.
The XIO Interfaces are share in two parts
Î External Alarm Inputs: Connector XIO 1 to XIO 3 provide an interface for connecting 24 External Alarms
Inputs
Î External Alarm Outputs: Connector XIO 4 provides an interface for the SUM to control eight external
alarm devices this feature is for the future use. It provides too a +24 VDC power source for external
alarm devices that require a power supply.
Other BTS external interconnections:
z XGND: This connector is used when attaching external alarms 24 VDC ground to the Alcatel 9100 BTS ground.
z XBCB: Provides an external interface to the BCB.
z XRT: provides access to the BTS via an asynchronous serial interface. Use for example by the test mobile.
z XGPS: Controls and supervises an external GPS receiver.
z XCLK: The connectors are used to synchronize the BTS to another BTS (G1,G2, or Alcatel 9100 BTS). XCLK1
In & XCLK1 Out are connected together, pin to pin. The XCLK2 In/Out provides a bi-directional clock interface.
z Abis connectors: connects the BTS to the BSC. Only abis 1 and 2 are currently used. Abis 3 and 4 are
provided for future use.
z Krone Strip Connector: supports an over voltage protection devices and an Abis monitoring device No
interruption of service during insertion and removal of this device.
z A1bis Relays: One for each Abis Interface. The relays can be used to:
Î Perform loop-back tests on the individual Abis Interface.
Î Ensures the routing of the Abis traffic when the BTS is powered down or faulty.
Page 63
Multi standard BTS indoor (example MBI 5 DC):
64
The AC mains input, is located in the cabinet roof. AC mains input terminals are part of the AC mains filter. The filter is
located next to the antenna connectors, see the top cover view on the next slide.
XIBM Interface Connectors
z External Alarm Interface
Î Mini Combicon' connectors XI 1 and XI 2 provide an interface for connecting 16 external alarm inputs.
Each input alarm is reported to the OMC-R where it is mapped to customer-defined ASCII text.
Î Each alarm input has two adjacent pins associated with it on the XI connector. If these pins are opencircuit (open loop), an alarm is generated. So every unconnected input alarm is bridged by a short circuit
on the plug-in connector.
z DC Output
Î The DC Output Connector provides a +12 VDC power source for external alarm devices that require a
power supply.
Î The GND connector is used when attaching the external alarm 12 VDC ground to the BTS A9100
ground.
z XBCB
Î The XBCB connector provides an external interface to the internal BCB (signal levels are according to
RS485).
Î If the BTS is powered, the XBCB can be used to control external devices (e.g. AC/DC power supply,
batteries or to provide additional I/O signals).
Î In case of the BTS is not powered, the XBCB can be externally powered. Then the direction of the
interface is reversed so that it can be used for remote inventory of the whole BTS.
MSCA connections
z XRT
Î The XRT connector provides asynchronous serial interface a standard terminal to be used for radio
supervision and loop-test purposes.
z RS232
Î The RS232 connector provides an asynchronous serial interface to control and supervise an external
GPS receiver or an antenna tilt signal.
z XCLK
Î The XCLK connectors are used to synchronize the BTS A9100 to another BTS (G1 BTS, G2 BTS, BTS
A9100) in time and frequency or vice versa. The signalling interface conforms to RS-422.
Î The input XCLK1IN and the output XCLK1OUT are connected together, pin-to-pin. The XCLK2IN/OUT
connector provides a bidirectional clock interface.
Page 64
MBI 3, MBI 5 cabinet top view
65
Page 65
The Outdoor Control Board (OUTC)
Regroups several functions :
z Connection area
z XIOB
z BTS Remote Inventory
SIDE COMPARTMENT
ALARMS
COMPARTMENT 1
ALARMS
XCLK 2 IN/OUT
XCLK 1 IN
(stores BTS basic informations)
XCLK 1 OUT
66
Page 66
3.7 Fan units
Temperature Control
z The Alcatel 9100 BTS is equipped with a forced-air cooling
system which is composed of 2 types of RITs.
Î A FANU consists of a mouled-plastic frame containing 2
fans. The FANUs are usually installed in groups of 3.
They are normally situated below the subracks
containing TREs.
Î A FACB board which monitors the fans and provides
power supply and digital speed control of the Fans
independently of each other. Each FACB controls 3
FANUs.
67
Page 67
3.7 Fan units
FACB
FAN UNIT
FAN UNIT
FAN UNIT
BTSCA
FACBs
BTSCA
MINI BTS
FANs
MEDI BTS
68
FACB board is considered to be plugged in slot 0.
Page 68
XBCB
(Balanced)
External ISL
PILOT access
External Alarms
ISL
BTS _ CA
BTS CABINET
XBCB
ISL
ISL
XIOB
Bal.
to
TTL
ISL
RSL / TCH
TRE FW/SW
O&M/Telecom
RSL / TCH
ISL
ANxs
ISL
(TTL)
EBCB
TREs
OML / IOM / IOM-CONF
ANx FW
SUM
BSII 0
BTS
TERM
BSII 1
BSII 2
OMU
ANys
ISL
FW
ISL
AND
SW
BCB
ISL
PILOT
TOP FACB
FAN
unit 1
FAN
unit N
FACBs
ISL
OML
BSC
TRANS
Abis Interface
FAN
unit 1
& CLOCK
Trans Switch
FW
Switch config
FAN
unit N
ISL
Backup
batteries
ISL
AC/DCs
Outdoor case
69
O&M Connections
The O&M functions exchange information and command messages with different parts of the BTS, and with the BSC.
This allows the O&M functions to monitor and control the operation of the BTS. The different types of connection used
for this purpose are grouped into internal and external connections.
z Internal Connections
Î BSII
ª Internally the O&M functions are connected from the OMU to the TRANS/CLOCK, the TRE, and
to the ANX(C) modules. This is achieved by the BSII which provides high-speed transfer of
downloadable software, operational parameters and alarms to processor controlled functions. All
of the processors can be loaded or configured via the BSII.
ª The BSII comprises two physical links at 2 Mbit/s. It is used to:
ª The OML, RSL and TCHs are assigned the same position on the BSII as they occupy on the
Abis.
ª Only the SUMA board manages two BSII for RSL/TCH (BSII1 and BSII2).
Î Additionally, the non-intelligent BTS functions, e.g., power supplies, fans, etc., are connected to the
O&M functions via the BCB. The BCB is used for:
ª Auto identification and remote inventory functions
ª O&M purposes to address entities that are not connected to the BSII or when entities cannot be
addressed on the BSII.
z External Connections, such as:
Î Abis - The O&M function is connect to the BSC via the LAPD OML logical interface. This is physically
realized on the BSII. This is multiplexed onto the Abis Interface by the BTS transmission functions.
Î MMI - A local MMI is provided for the BTS Terminal. The BTS sends a message to the BSC,over the
OML, to inform it of the operator's actions.
Î XBCB - The BTS A9100 can control or supervise external events using the XBCB Interface. This
interface can also be used by an external source to perform RI on the BTS, but only if the BTS is not
powered up.
Page 69
XIOB
X100
ALARM INPUTS
XBCB SIGNALS
VCC BCB
VCC CA
POWER SUPPLY
FUSE
X101
ALARM INPUTS
ALARM OUTPUTS
EBCB SIGNALS
24 V
X310
X300
X110 X106 X107
X301
X
B
C
B
X
R
T
X
G
P
S
ABIS4
ABIS3
X203
X202
BTSCA
ABIS2
ABIS1
X201
X200
XBCB
X102
X302
X311
X303
X I
C N
L /
K O
2 U
T
EBCB
X
C
L I
K N
1
LIGHTNING PROTECTIONS
X220
X
C O
L U
K T
1
X105 X103 X104
Flat cable
ABIS3&4
X101
ABIS1&2
R
E
L
A
Y
S
PCM cable
X100
XCLKs/XRT/XGPS/EBCB
ABIS1&2
SUM
3 connectors for
FAN UNITS
A
B
I
S
1/2
TFBP
X111
TOP
FACB
Flat cable for BCB, BSII,
CLKs, ADDRESS
X101
OTHER
BACK PANELS
B
T
S
C
O
N
N
E
C
T
I
O
N
X112
X110
X109
BTSRI
FACB
A
R
E
A
FACB
B
T
S
T
E
R
M
I
N
A
L
T
E
S
T
X100
X111
X110
TEST PURPOSE
O
M
L
ABIS 1
O
&
M
ABIS 2
O
M
U
P
S
1
FACB
TRANS FAULT
3 connectors for
FAN UNITS
BACK PANEL
(SUBRACK N°2)
PS2
70
In the above diagram one can see the physical connections between SUM module and other modules and connection
area.
Page 70
3.9 BTS Indoor
MBI 3 / MBI 5 Rack Layout:
19" (# 48 cm) internal
50 mm
1U
Top fan
Connection area
120 mm
Subrack
6U
Fan stage
Air inlet
1U
1U
Subrack
6U
Dummy panel
1U
Subrack
6U
Fan stage
Air inlet
1U
1U
Subrack
6U
Dummy panel
1U
Subrack
6U
19" (# 48 cm) internal
MBI 3
(3 subracks)
8 TREs capacity
Top fan
Connection area
1U
120 mm
Subrack
6U
Fan stage
Air inlet
1U
1U
Subrack
6U
Dummy panel
1U
Subrack
6U
Fan stage
Air inlet
Stand
1U
1U
50 mm
MBI 5
(5 subracks)
12 TREs capacity
Fan stage
Air inlet
Stand
1U
1U
50 mm
71
The multi-standard range of cabinets:
z As far as subracks are concerned, they are of two types only:
Î - STASR subrack, that can be equipped with any of the GSM modules and of the UMTS modules,
except for the BB modules
Î - STBSR subrack, that has a left part that can be equipped with BB and SUMU modules, plus with any
of the other modules; the other modules used in this subrack are typically the ANRUs.
z The STBSR subrack is necessary only for multi-standard GSM/ UMTS configurations with an intermediate
capacity (e.g. 3x2 GSM + 3x2 UMTS).
External
Dimensions
MBI 3
MBI 5
Height
130 cm
194 cm
Width
60 cm
60 cm
Depth
45 cm
45 cm
Max. TRX
capacity
8 TRX
12 TRX
Page 71
3.9 BTS Indoor
BTS AC Indoor rack layout :
B T S-CA
AF IP
AB AC
PM 08
P M 08
F AN
A
C
R
I
APOD
PM 08
P M 08
P M 08 BC U1
FAN
F AN
TR Es, A NXs, ANY s, following conf igurations
FAN .
F AN.
F AN.
APOD
AC Indoor Power Distribution Panel
SU M
TRE s, A NXs, A NY s,
f ollowing configurations
ABAC
AC Indoor Battery Control Unit
TRE s, A NXs, A NY s, following configurations
F AN
FAN
F AN
B BU
(b attery)
72
Page 72
3.9 BTS Indoor
BTS AC Indoor power supply distribution :
73
APOD is used in indoor Alcatel 9100 BTS versions that use an AC power supply. It distributes its AC input to five
output connectors. The five output connectors provide the AC power source for the PM08s. The DC output from the
PM08s is then distributed to the sub racks and other equipment by the APOD. The APOD is housed in the ASIB.
Page 73
3.9 BTS Indoor
MBI AC rack layout :
BTS-CA
AFIP
TREs, ANXs, ANYs,
according to configurations
FAN
FAN
FAN
TREs, ANXs, ANYs,
FAN.
FAN.
FAN.
TREs, ANXs, ANYs,
FAN
FAN
ADAM
P
M
1
2
FAN
P
M
1
2
FAN
S
U
M
A
P
M
1
2
FAN
FAN
BBU
(battery)
74
Page 74
3.9 BTS Indoor
MBI AC power supply distribution :
75
Page 75
3.10 BTS Outdoor
BTS G3 rack layout :
OUT medi 3x4
Options or
Batteries
Batteries
T
T
T
T
T
T
R
R
R
R
R
R
X
X
X
X
X
X
S
A
A
A
U
N
N
N
M
C
C
C
150 cm
Power Distribution/
Power Supply
T
T
T
T
T
T
R
R
R
R
R
R
X
X
X
X
X
X
180 cm
76
There are several classes of outdoor cabinets available to house the Alcatel 9100 BTS equipment
Î COME / CODE – outdoors cabinet (3 doors)
Î COMI / CODI / – outdoor cabinet (2 doors)
Î COEP – outdoor extension cabinet (1 door)
z Multistandard BTS
Î MBO1 – outdoor cabinet (1 door)
Î MBO2 – outdoor cabinet (2 doors)
Î MBOE – outdoor extension cabinet (1 door)
The COEP is designed to extend a COMI to a COME and a CODI to a CODE.
The MBOE is to designed to extend MBO1 to an MBO2
Page 76
3.10 BTS Outdoor
BTS G4 Rack Layout :
FRONT VIEW
BU100
One Branch
TOP VIEW
SPECIFIC EQUIPMENTS
INT ERM EDIAT E
AC MAIN
EL ECT RICITY
DIST RIBUT ION
FOR ALARMS
BAC
MET ER
+
LIGHT N
(OPTION)
TRE
OPTION
TRE
TRE
TRE
-
+
-
+ -
+
-
+
Smoke Detector
PROT ECTION
ACSB
HEAT2
FAN
AIR
HEX2
Door Alarm Switch
B
A
C
2
P
M
1
2
P
M
1
2
FAN
P
M
1
2
P
M
1
2
B
C
U
2
S
U
C M
O A
A
R
ANC
ANC
ANC
Flood Detector
AIR
AIR
FAN
FOR CONNECTIONS
TRE
BATTERY
TRE
TRE
TRE
AIR
Side Compartment
TRE
TRE
TRE
FAN
AIR
OPTION
FAN
BOSU
TRE
C
O
A
R
BCU2
PM11
BAC2
: Battery control Unit type 2
: Power Module 1100W
: Battery connection Box
Specific Outdoor
Connection Area
BOBU
BTS Compartment 1
BTS Compartment 2
77
The side compartment is designed to house AC/DC power equipment and provide an external cables connection
point. All external cables, except RF cables, enter the side compartment. The layout of the Side Compartment differs
for COME/COMI and CODE/CODI versions:
z COME/COMI
Î At the top of the compartment is room for an optional electricity meter. An ASCB provides AC
distribution and circuit breakers for the incoming AC mains supply. ACSB also provides lightning
protection for the AC supply lines.
Î The SRACDC or ACSR houses the modules that convert the AC mains supply into a 0/-48 VDC supply.
Î Between the side compartment and BTS compartment 1 is the Interconnection Panel. This provides
connectors for DC supplies, and for the external Abis, alarm and clock cables.
z CODE/CODI
Î AC mains power is applied to the LPFU located at the bottom of the side compartment. The LPFU
provides lightning protection for the AC supply lines and HF filtering for the incoming AC supply. At the
top of the side compartment is the ACSU which provides AC distribution. The ACSU contains AC circuit
breakers and a thermostat with the associated power relays.
Î Directly underneath the ACSU a STASR contains the ADAM and three PM12s. There is also provision
for optional microwave equipment.
Î Above the batteries on the floor there can be fitted an additional BU41 or BU100.
Î Between the side compartment and BTS compartment 1 is the Interconnection Panel. This provides
connectors for DC supplies, and for the external Abis, alarm and clock cables.
BTS Compartment 1
z COME/COMI
Î A COME/COMI BTS compartment 1 holds two STASRs. The lower subrack (STASR 1) contains up to
four TREs and three FANUs. The upper subrack (STASR 2) holds the SUM and a mixture of ANX or
ANY modules, as required.
z CODE/CODI/CPT2
Î A CODE/CODI/CPT2 BTS Compartment 1 holds three STASRs. The top and bottom subracks contain
up to four TREs and three FANUs each. The middle subrack holds the SUM and a mixture of ANC and
ANY modules as required.
The BTS compartment 2 holds three STASRs. The upper and lower subracks each contain up to four TREs and three
FANUs. The middle subrack contains a mixture of ANX, ANY or ANC modules, as required.
Page 77
3.10 BTS Outdoor
MBO1 and MBO2 rack layout :
78
MBO1
z MBO1 is designed to house AC/DC power equipment. All external cables enter the MBO1 at roof top.
z AC mains power is applied to the LPFM located at the left upper side of the MBO1 compartment. The LPFM
provides lightning protection for the AC supply lines and HF filtering for the incoming AC supply. At the left
upper back side of the compartment is the ACMU which provides AC distribution. The ACMU contains AC
circuit breakers and a thermostat with the associated power relays.
z Underneath the ACMU optional modules (e.g. microwaves) are installed.
z Directly underneath these optional modules the batteries (BU101) are located. There is a specific battery box
which contains two batteries in an upper and two batteries in a lower block. All batteries are connected in
series.
z To the right of the batteries and the optional modules a rack frame is installed which contains 4 STASRs. The
top STASR (STASR 7) contains ADAM4 and two, three or four PM12s.
z STASR 1 (bottom) contains up to four TREs and three FANUs; STASR 2 above contains a mixture of SUMA,
ANY and ANC modules as required; STASR 3 above contains up to four TREs or a mixture of TREs and an
ANC and three FANUs each.
z At the right side of the compartment is the Outdoor Control Board (OUTC). It contains the XIOB, BTSRI, RIBAT
and COAR functions and provides connectors for DC supplies, temperature sensor, and for the external Abis,
alarm and clock cables.
MBOE
z An MBOE holds four STASRs. The top subrack (STASR 0) can be used for optional 19" units. The bottom
subrack (STASR 4) contains up to four TREs and three FANUs each. STASR 5 above contains a mixture of
ANC and ANY modules as required. STASR 6 above contains up to four TREs or a mixture of TREs and an
ANC and three FANUs each.
External
Dimensions
MBO 1
MBO 2
Height
149 cm
149 cm
Width
90 cm
152 cm
Depth
74 cm
74 cm
Max. TRX
capacity
8 TRX
12 TRX
Page 78
3.10 BTS Outdoor
Power supply system with PM08 and BCU1:
79
PM08 is used in outdoor Alcatel 9100 BTS initial versions. It converts the AC input voltage to
Î Provide DC power for the cabinet equipment. PM08 is housed in the SRACDC. It is an 800 W AC/DC
power supply module which converts 230 VAC to 0/-48 VDC.
Î five PM08s are filted in parallel to provide n + 1 redundancy, with load sharing.
Page 79
3.10 BTS Outdoor
BCU1 board description
BCU1 controls the DC output voltage and battery operation.
For the charging current regulation, BCU1 gets information from the
temperature sensors in each branch of the batteries connected via BACO.
80
During an AC mains failure, if the battery output voltage falls below -42 VDC, BCU1 disconnects batteries through
BACO relays. An automatic battery capacity test is performed every six months. In case of problem, a battery
malfunction alarm is raised.
BCU1 is used in outdoor Alcatel 9100 BTS versions. It controls the DC output voltage and battery operation. It is
housed in the SRACDC. It performs control function for the batteries and some modules within the SRACDC.
BCU1 collects alarm and reports them to the ACRI. The alarms are:
Î AC power failure
Î PM08 failure
Î Battery malfunction
Î BCU1 fault
Page 80
3.10 BTS Outdoor
Power supply system with PM12 and BCU1:
81
z
z
z
z
z
PM12 converts AC input voltage to provide DC power.
PM12 is used in In/Out Alcatel 9100 BTS equipped with a SUMA
Each PM12 is controlled from OMU (part of SUMA) via BCB
PM12 is an 1200 W AC/DC power supply module
Two or three PM12s and an ADAM or four PM12s and an ADAM4 are put together in one half or two third of a
STASR subrack.
Page 81
3.11 Power consumption
The following table gives the maximum power consumptions of
some BTS modules.
For modules which are the same whatever the configuration, the
power consumption is included in that of cabinet.
DC power consumption (W)
« 60% »
AC power consumption (W)
TRX 900 MP
« Full power »
154
88
« Full power »
172
« 60% »
TRX 900 HP
154
112
172
125
TRX 1800 MP
199
83
223
93
TRX 1800 HP
141
145
158
162
TRX 1900
246
ANC
MBO1 cabinet
MBO2 cabinet
MBI3 cabinet
MBI5 cabinet
Battery Charging
Heating Units (1)
212
170
310
50
70
-
125
-
276
140
-
99
237
190
347
56
78
400
300
82
As an example, the power consumptions of an MBO2 3x4 TRX1800 MP are:
DC Power consumption for Backup
"Auto Shutdown" not enabled
- one TRX / sector full power
- 3 TRX / sector "60%"
DC Power consumption for Backup
"Auto Shutdown" enabled
Power/unit
Quantity
MBO2 cabinet
TRX 1800 MP "full"
310
141
1
3
TRX 1800 MP "60%"
ANC
83
10
9
3
MBO2 cabinet
TRX 1800 MP "full"
TRX 1800 MP "60%"
310
141
83
1
3
0
ANC
10
3
MBO2 cabinet
TRX 1800 MP "full"
TRX 1800 MP "60%"
ANC
347
158
93
11
1
3
9
3
MBO2 cabinet
347
1
347
TRX 1800 MP "full"
158
12
1896
ANC
11
3
33
Battery charging
400
1
400
Power consumption in normal situation
Maximum power consumption
- all TRXs are full power
TOTAL
(W)
1510
310
423
747
30
763
310
423
0
30
1691
347
474
837
33
2676
Page 82
4
Configurations
83
Page 83
4 Configurations
Objective : to be able to identify the possible hardware
configurations
Program :
z 4.1 Principles
z 4.2 Indoor Configurations
z 4.3 Outdoor Configurations
84
Page 84
S4 : Configurations
4.1 Principles
The back panels of all sub-racks are identical.
A common interface for all modules has been defined.
No dedicated locations on back panels for each module are
preassigned.
The module location within the BTS is driven by
z engineering rules,
z easy front cabling,
z optimization of thermal dissipation,
z easy assembly, dismounting and extensions on site.
85
In order to do some tasks such as compensate different path loss in unbalanced configurations, the OMU refers to one
generic engineering rule for the calculation of the ANY/TRE mapping.
The OMU uses this rule because there is no HW provision for retrieving this mapping by the BTS itself (as it is the case
for the ANX(ANC)/TRE mapping which is retrieved autonomously by the BTS).
Some of these generic rules:
z There are at least one AN and maximum two AN per sector in a BTS.
z The ANY have always to be in the same sub-rack as the AN to which they are connected and they must have a
lower address than the one for the AN.
z If in a sub-rack there is only one AN, all the ANY in this sub-rack are connected to this AN.
z If in a sub-rack there are two AN: AN1 and AN2 with address of AN2 greater than the address of AN1, all the
ANY in this sub-rack with address greater than the address of AN2 are connected to AN2, and other ANY are
connected to AN1.
z When only one ANY is connected to a ANC, the first 3 TRE must be connected to the ANY (for more TRE,
using the RX cabling detection on uplink it is possible to know on which antenna the TRE are connected).
With the AN/ANY mapping, the OMU determines the number of ANY stages between each TRE and the AN to which it
is connected via the RF cabling.
z On a ANX can be connected either up to 2 TRE or one ANY.
z On a ANC can be connected either up to 4 TRE or 2 ANY.
z On a ANY can be connected either up to 4 TRE or up to 2 ANY.
Consequently, the attenuation to be given to the TREs is based on the following rules:
z Calculate the TX- Power of each TRE at antenna output (or AN input) taking into account TRX power
(measured and entered in the RI memory in the factory) and the different losses (cables, ANY and AN).
z Search for the TRE which has the lowest output power at this reference point.
z Attenuate all other TRE with the power difference to this TRE.Having determined the number of combiner
stages between each TRE and the antenna, the OMU is able to calculate the loss.
Then the OMU sends configuration data to all TREs in order to reach the same TX power from each one, at antenna
connector.
The OMU performs this in the following conditions:
z BTS / SUM power up,
z BTS reset,
z OMU/SUM reset / auto reset,
z module initialisation (only for the corresponding module).
Page 85
S4 : Configurations
4.2 Indoor configurations
Mini indoor 1x4 TRE, GSM 900 or GSM 1800
BTS G3 (ANX)
BTS G4 (ANC)
CONNECTION AREA
CONNECTION AREA
ANX
ANY
S
U
M
S
U
M
A
ANX
ANC
ANY
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
FAN
FAN.
FAN.
FAN
FAN.
TRE
TRE
TRE
FAN.
86
Page 86
S4 : Configurations
BTS G4 (ANC), mini indoor 2 sectors configurations
2x2 TRE
3 + 1 TRE
ANC
ANC
CONNECTION AREA
CONNECTION AREA
TRE
S
U
M
A
ANC
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
ANC
TRE
ANC
TRE
TRE
ANC
TRE
FAN
FAN.
S
U
M
A
FAN.
TRE
ANC
TRE
TRE
ANC
TRE
TRE TRE
FAN
FAN.
FAN.
87
Page 87
S4 : Configurations
Mini indoor 3x1 TRE, GSM 900 or GSM 1800
BTS G3 (ANX)
BTS G4 (ANC)
CONNECTION AREA
TRE
S
U
M ANX
TRE
ANC
ANC
TRE
FAN.
ANX
or ANC
TRE
TRE
ANX
ANX
or ANC
ANX
FAN
FAN.
ANC
TRE
TRE
S
U
M
A
FAN
FAN.
TRE
FAN.
ANX
or ANC
TRE
AIR
88
Page 88
S4 : Configurations
BTS G4, medi indoor 3x4 TRE, GSM 900 or GSM 1800
CONNECTION AREA
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
ANC
FAN
FAN
ANC
TRE
TRE
TRE
ANC
TRE
TRE
ANC
ANC
TRE
FAN
TRE
FAN
S
U
M
A
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
FAN
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
FAN
ANC
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
FAN
FAN
FAN
89
Page 89
S4 : Configurations
CONNECTION AREA
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
ANC
FAN
ANY
FAN
FAN
ANY
ANC
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
5
6
FAN
FAN
FAN
ANC
S
U
M
A
ANY
ANC
ANY
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
4
FAN
3
1
2
FAN
FAN
90
Page 90
S4 : Configurations
CONNECTION AREA
TRE
TRE
FAN
ANC
TRE
FAN
TRE
FAN
ANC
ANC
ANY
TRE
1
ANY
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
2
3
4
5
6
TRE
TRE
7
TRE
TRE
8
9
TRE
TRE
TRE
11
TRE
TRE
FAN
10
TRE
12
FAN
S
U
M
A
TRE
FAN
FAN
ANC
TRE
TRE
FAN
TRE
FAN
91
This is an unbalanced configuration: TRE 1 to 8 have different path loss comparing to TRE 9 to 12.
The OMU will calculate the necessary attenuation to be introduced by TRE 9 to 12 in order to have the same output
power at antenna connector for all TREs.
For details see comments at the beginning of this chapter.
Page 91
S4 : Configurations
BTS G4, medi indoor, 3x2 TRE, GSM 900 or GSM 1800 low loss
CONNECTION AREA
ANC
FAN
FAN
ANC
TRE
ANC
TRE
TRE
ANC
ANC
FAN
TRE
TRE
FAN
S
U
M
A
TRE
TRE
FAN
TRE
FAN
ANC
TRE
TRE
FAN
TRE
FAN
TRE
FAN
92
Page 92
S4 : Configurations
BTS G4, medi indoor 3x3 TRE, GSM 1800 high power
CONNECTION AREA
TRDM
TRDH
TRDM
ANC
FAN
TRD
H
TRD
H
TRD
M
FAN
ANC
ANC
TRDH
TRDH
FAN
FAN
S
U
M
A
TRD
H
TRDH
ANC
ANC
TRD
H
FAN
TRD
M
TRD
H
TRD
H
TRD
M
ANC
TRDM
FAN
FAN
TRDH
FAN
TRDH
FAN
93
Page 93
S4 : Configurations
Medi indoor multiband 2x2 TRE +2x4TRE
CONNECTION AREA
TRE
ANC
TRE
TRE
ANC
FAN
FAN
ANC
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
FAN
TRE
FAN
ANC 3 and ANC 4
are set to the
same sector 2
GSM 1800/900
ANC
S
U
M
A ANC
ANC
TRE
ANC 1 and ANC 2
are set to the
same sector 1
GSM 1800/900
ANC
FAN
ANC
FAN
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
FAN
TRE
TRE
FAN
TRE
FAN
94
Page 94
S4 : Configurations
MBI 3, 1 sector x 4 TRE, AC
ADAM
P
M
1
2
ANC
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
P
M
1
2
P
M
1
2
Battery
(optional)
S
U
M
A
TRE
FAN
ANC
TRE
TRE
TRE
FAN.
95
Page 95
S4 : Configurations
MBI 5, 1x8 TRE, GSM 900 or GSM 1800, AC
TRE
TRE
FAN
TRE
FAN
TRE
FAN
ANC
ANC
ANY
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
ANY
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
FAN
TRE
FAN
TRE
FAN
ADAM
P
M
1
2
P
M
1
2
P
M
1
2
S
U
M
A
Battery
(optional)
Battery
(optional)
96
Page 96
S4 : Configurations
4.3 Outdoor configurations
BTS G4 outdoor (CPT2 cabinet), 2 x 6 TRE
ANC
ACSU
ADAM
ANY
TRE
TRE
TRE
ANY
TRE
TRE
P
M
1
2
P
M
1
2
TRE
P
M
1
2
TRE
TRE
TRE
ANC
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
S
U
M
A
ANC
ANC
TRE
ANY
TRE
TRE
TRE
BBU
ANY
LPFU
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
97
Page 97
S4 : Configurations
MBO1, 1 x 8 TRE
ADAM 4
AMCU
P
M
1
2
19 inches
Options
P
M
1
2
TRE
P
M
1
2
TRE
TRE
TRE
ANC
FAN
ANY
TRE
TRE
TRE
B
A
T
T
ANY
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
B
A
T
T
FAN.
S
U
M
A
FAN.
ANC
TRE
B
A
T
T
B
A
T
T
TRE
FAN
TRE
FAN.
TRE
TRE
FAN.
98
Page 98
S4 : Configurations
MBO2, 2 x 6 TRE
ADAM 4
AMCU
P
M
1
2
P
M
1
2
P
M
1
2
P
M
1
2
ANC
19 inches
Options
ANY
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
TRE
ANY
TRE
TRE
TRE
FAN
B
A
T
T
B
A
T
T
FAN.
S
U
M
A
FAN.
FAN
FAN.
ANC
FAN.
ANC
ANC
ANY
TRE
TRE
TRE
ANY
TRE
TRE
TRE
B
A
T
T
B
A
T
T
TRE
FAN
TRE
FAN.
TRE
TRE
FAN.
TRE
FAN
TRE
TRE
FAN.
TRE
FAN.
99
Page 99