Bitter Creek / Killpecker Creek Watershed Plan

Bitter and Killpecker Creeks Watershed
Management Plan
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A comprehensive natural resource management plan designed to improve water quality
within the Bitter and Killpecker Creeks Watershed
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Developed by the Bitter/Killpecker Watershed Advisory Group and the
Sweetwater County Conservation District
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Sweetwater County, Wyoming
June 2006
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Bitter Creek / Killpecker Creek Watershed Plan
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...........................................................................................................2
Mission Statement .....................................................................................................................2
Purpose .......................................................................................................................................2
The Clean Water Act.................................................................................................................2
Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality’s Role ......................................................2
Sweetwater County Conservation District’s Role ..................................................................3
Conservation District’s Planning Authority ...........................................................................3
Public Participation Strategy ...................................................................................................4
BACKGROUND INFORMATION .............................................................................................5
Bitter Creek / Killpecker Creek Watershed Description.......................................................5
Sweetwater County Past and Present .............................................................................................................. 5
Location.............................................................................................................................................................. 5
Physical Setting.................................................................................................................................................. 6
Elevations ........................................................................................................................................................... 6
Water Quality of Bitter and Killpecker Creeks......................................................................6
Water Quality Efforts To Date.................................................................................................8
ISSUES AND CONCERNS ..........................................................................................................9
Urban/Suburban Impacts .........................................................................................................9
Coordination with DEQ and Local Stakeholders.................................................................10
Water Quality Concerns (303(d) List, Continued Monitoring, Use Classifications) ........10
Agricultural Impacts ...............................................................................................................11
Recreational Impacts...............................................................................................................12
Soil Survey................................................................................................................................12
Industrial Impacts ...................................................................................................................12
Wildlife/Wild Horse Impacts..................................................................................................13
Funding Issues .........................................................................................................................13
WATERSHED IMPROVEMENT ACTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ....................13
Urban/Suburban Impacts .......................................................................................................13
Coordination with WDEQ and Local Stakeholders.............................................................14
Water Quality Concerns (303(d) List, Continued Monitoring, Use Classifications) ........16
Agricultural Impacts ...............................................................................................................16
Recreational Impacts...............................................................................................................18
Soil Survey................................................................................................................................18
Industrial Impacts ...................................................................................................................19
Wildlife/Wild Horse Impacts..................................................................................................19
Funding Issues .........................................................................................................................20
MILESTONE TABLE ................................................................................................................19
APPENDIX A – USE CLASSIFICATION TABLE.................................................................30
APPENDIX B – WATERSHED MAP.......................................................................................31
APPENDIX C - ACRONYMS....................................................................................................33
APPENDIX E – REFERENCES CITED ..................................................................................37
APPENDIX F – RESPONSE TO COMMENTS ......................................................................38
APPENDIX F – RESPONSE TO COMMENTS ......................................................................38
APPENDIX G – BKWAG MEMBERS & PLANNING TEAM .............................................38
APPENDIX G – BKWAG MEMBERS & PLANNING TEAM .............................................43
SIGNATURE PAGE ...................................................................................................................31
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Mission Statement
The mission of the Bitter Creek and Killpecker Creek Watershed Advisory Group (B/KWAG) is to assess
the condition and classification of the watersheds and water quality, with the goal of achieving regulatory
compliance while educating the community, in order to use a locally led process to develop a watershed
plan to maintain and/or improve watershed health.
Purpose
The purpose of this watershed plan is to improve the water quality and ultimately delist the impaired
segments of Killpecker and Bitter Creeks. The methods used to accomplish this include:
1. Maintaining and/or improving the quality of Bitter Creek and Killpecker Creek watersheds by
identifying possible impairments and mitigating those impairments to a realistic and achievable
level, through feasible Best Management Practices (BMPs) on a voluntary basis with success
determined by evaluating and summarizing the condition of the watersheds;
2. Focusing resources on addressing the current listing of the segments in Table A of the WDEQ
303(d) list of waterbodies with water quality impairments due to noncompliance with the current
fecal coliform, e coli, and chloride water quality standards and addressing whether the two
streams are properly classified;
3. Facilitating public understanding of BMPs, implement and evaluate BMPs within the
watersheds, and to assist in voluntary practices designed to improve watershed health by
providing technical and financial assistance;
4. Developing and implementing an effective public education and information program, focusing
on water quality issues specific to the watersheds while ensuring that a locally led process is
used to achieve regulatory compliance;
5. Continuing to sample water quality and other relevant parameters to monitor progress achieved
through implementation of this watershed plan.
The Clean Water Act
The Clean Water Act (CWA) was adopted by Congress for two primary purposes. That is to:
• restore and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation’s waters,
and;
• Where attainable, to achieve water quality that promotes protection and propagation of fish,
shellfish, and wildlife, and provides for recreation in and on the water. This goal is
commonly known by the expression “fishable/swimmable”.
The Environmental Protection Agency has responsibility to ensure that provisions of the CWA are met.
With regard to Wyoming, EPA has delegated authority to the Wyoming Department of Environmental
Quality (WDEQ) to ensure compliance with the CWA. In states without delegated authority, EPA retains
responsibility for CWA compliance.
Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality’s Role
In order to ensure compliance with the CWA, WDEQ had to establish a system for evaluating and
protecting waterbodies. Since all waters are not used for the same purpose, no single set of standards could
be established to reasonably address water quality concerns. For this reason, WDEQ classified each
waterbody within the state. The classifications were based on “designated uses” designed to reflect what
the water is currently used for or what the water could potentially be used for. Examples of designated uses
include agriculture, industry, drinking water and fisheries among others. Different combinations of
assigned designated uses resulted in a single classification for each waterbody (Appendix A). WDEQ then
established water quality criteria (narrative or numeric standards) applicable to each classification to ensure
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that water quality is sufficient to support all of the designated uses. Water quality criteria (standards),
therefore, are different for each classification.
In addition to establishing a system for evaluating water quality, WDEQ must also report the condition of
the State’s water(s). Under Section 305(b) of the CWA, the State of Wyoming must report the condition of
their water(s) to EPA once every two years. This report is known as the 305(b) report. In addition to the
305(b) report, under section 303(d) of the CWA, States must identify those waters within its boundaries
that are not meeting the water quality criteria (“impaired waters”) applicable to that waterbody based on its
classification. As mentioned earlier, states are required to address impaired waterbodies by establishing
water quality standards and pollution control activities designed to achieve and maintain the designated
use(s).
For waterbodies listed on WDEQ’s 303(d) list, the Department must complete an assessment of pollution
sources known as a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) or accept a locally developed watershed plan to
address the impairment. Therefore, if this watershed plan is not locally developed and subsequently
endorsed by WDEQ, the Department must complete a TMDL.
Sweetwater County Conservation District’s Role
In 1996 Wyoming Conservation Districts, the Natural Resources Conservation Service and the Wyoming
Department of Agriculture saw an increasing need for Conservation Districts to represent local interests
and take the lead in watershed planning efforts. As a result they developed the Watershed Strategic Plan to
guide watershed planning efforts across the state. This document insists that “any Watershed effort led by
a Conservation District should be landowner driven . . . [and] any participation on behalf of any landowner
is strictly voluntary.” By taking an active role in the planning process, the landowners, industrial
representatives, and City and County officials serving on the B/KWAG have adhered to this principle. The
B/KWAG has followed the steps for watershed planning as outlined in the Watershed Strategic Plan. They
have identified and prioritized concerns, set goals and objectives, and developed a watershed management
plan. Included in the Bitter Creek/Killpecker Creek Watershed Plan are elements to solicit funds,
implement BMPs for water quality improvement, and evaluate and alter the plan if needed.
The designation of the Bitter Creek and Killpecker Creek as impaired due to fecal coliform and chloride
was cause for concern. Sweetwater County Conservation District (SWCCD) resolved to assume a proactive
approach to water quality issues within the Bitter Creek and Killpecker Creek watersheds. Local
Conservation Districts; by statutory authority have assumed the responsibility of leading information and
education programs, and providing technical and financial assistance to their constituents to conserve
Wyoming’s natural resources, and to protect the quality of life of all Wyoming citizens. SWCCD has
served as a liaison between WDEQ and local land mangers within the Watersheds to address water quality
concerns and to investigate historical and background conditions as they apply to compliance with WDEQ
water quality criteria. SWCCD has also endorsed the formation of the B/KWAG; to develop this locallyled, voluntary and incentive-based watershed management plan to improve water quality while preserving
the economic sustainability of agricultural, industrial and municipal operations within the Watersheds. The
B/KWAG is comprised of local landowners, industrial representatives, community leaders, government
land managers, as well as representatives from the City of Rock Springs and Sweetwater County.
Conservation District’s Planning Authority
The District is a local government subdivision of the state as defined and established by the Wyoming
Conservation Districts law. The people of Sweetwater County elect the five-member Board of Supervisors
to the District during the general election by popular vote. The elected members represent both the rural
and urban populations within Sweetwater County. The District supervisors are the only locally elected
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board specifically charged with the responsibility of representing the citizens of Sweetwater County on
natural resource issues. A conservation district supervisor serves the community voluntarily. The District
Board of Supervisors administers and implements projects and programs funded through local, state,
federal, and private partnerships.
The District, pursuant to the Wyoming Conservation Districts Law, is authorized to develop plans and
policy for the District and file said plans in the office of the Sweetwater County Clerk.
The legislative declarations and policies of the Wyoming State Legislature guide the District’s exercise of
authority in developing this Plan.
Wyoming Statute, §11-16-103 – Legislative Declarations and Policy:
(a)
It is hereby declared that the farm and grazing lands are among the basic assets of the state; that
improper land use practices cause and contribute to serious erosion of these lands by wind and
water; that among the consequences which would result from such conditions are the
deterioration of soil and its fertility and the silting and sedimentation of stream channels,
reservoirs, dams and ditches; that to conserve soil, and soil and water resources, and prevent and
control soil erosion, it is necessary that land use practices contributing to soil erosion be
discouraged and that appropriate soil conserving land use practices be adopted.
(b)
It is hereby declared to the policy of the legislature to provide for the conservation of the soil
and water resources of this state, and for the control and prevention of soil erosion and for flood
prevention or the conservation, development, utilization, and disposal of water, and thereby to
stabilize ranching and farming operations to preserve natural resources, protect the tax base,
control floods, prevent impairment of dams and reservoirs, preserve wildlife, protect public
lands, and protect and promote the health, safety and general welfare of the people of this state.
(Laws, 1941, ch. 134, 2; C.S. 1945, 34 – 1402; Wyo. Stat. 1957, 11-236; Laws 1959, ch. 193, 2;
Wyo. Stat. 1977, 11-19-103; Laws 1978 ch. 32, 1.)
The term “conservation” is broadly defined to include “development, improvement, maintenance,
preservation, protection, and use of natural resources, and the control and prevention of flood water and
sediment damages, and the disposal of excess waters.”
[Addendum Wyo. Stat. 11-16-102 (iv)]. Thus, the policy and authority granted to the District covers all
aspects of natural resource use and management within the District.
Further, Wyoming Statute 11-16-122(b)(v) grants conservation district’s the authority to conduct watershed
plans as stated: “conduct surveys, investigations and research and disseminate information relating to range
management, the character of soil erosion, flood prevention or the conservation, development, utilization
and disposal of water, and the prevention and control measures and works of improvement needed but in
order to avoid duplication of research activities, no district shall initiate any research program except in
cooperation with the government of this state or its agencies, or with the United States and its agencies.”
Public Participation Strategy
To address these issues at a local level, the Board of Supervisors of the District, through a series of
community meetings throughout the watershed, formed the Bitter Creek and Killpecker Watershed
Advisory Group comprised of local citizens, municipal and county governments with a vested interest in
the integrity of the natural resources found within their watershed. An objective of the B/KWAG is to
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address the impairments based on science, and sound land use planning at the watershed scale, while
maintaining community values and culture.
In the summer of 2001, SWCCD, with the support of Sweetwater County, City of Rock Springs, City of
Green River, and landowners applied for a Clean Water Act Section 319 grant proposal to do a historical
review and water quality assessment for the Killpecker Creek and Bitter Creek watersheds. Under the
guidance of B/KWAG, Lost Iguana Consulting was contracted to conduct the historical review and
assessment, completed the spring of 2003. During the summer of 2003, B/KWAG directed SWCCD to
contract with Environmental Design and Engineering Consultants (EDE) to complete the historical and
water quality assessment for the above watersheds. In the fall of 2003, SWCCD and EDE hosted a public
meeting in Rock Spring where the consultant reported on the monitoring results of spring, summer, and fall
sampling, as well as additional information on watershed planning. The meetings were advertised and held
on a monthly basis and were open to all residents. SWCCD invited presenters to explain implications of
the listing of the segments of Killpecker and Bitter Creek and the attendees were informed on the option of
a local watershed assessment/planning effort being acceptable to WDEQ to address the water quality
impairment. The majority of the citizens attending these meetings agreed that SWCCD should provide
leadership to move forward with a locally led watershed planning effort. In addition, approximately 150
citizens agreed to serve on an advisory group to provide leadership for a watershed planning effort. The
District hosted monthly public meetings in Rock Springs during 2004. The monitoring and planning efforts
within the watersheds, along with BMP implementation are currently ongoing.
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
Bitter Creek / Killpecker Creek Watershed Description
Sweetwater County Past and Present
Sweetwater County is named for the Sweetwater River where, according to legend, a balky mule during the
fur-trade period dumped a precious cargo of sugar into the water. Thomas Fitzpatrick and Jedediah Smith
of the 1824 Ashley Expedition are credited with naming the Sweetwater River, as well as changing the
name of the Spanish River to the Green River in honor of one of Ashley's St. Louis, Missouri partners.
Sweetwater County began its history as Carter County, which was created by the Seventh Dakota
Legislative Assembly on December 27, 1867 out of Laramie County, Dakota Territory. Later the First
Wyoming Legislative Assembly changed the name from Carter County to Sweetwater County. In 1868, the
County also encompassed Yellowstone Park, Uinta, Lincoln, Sublette, Teton, Park, Hot Springs, Fremont,
parts of Big Horn and Washakie Counties, and all of the present day Sweetwater County. When the
organization of the Territory of Wyoming was completed May 19, 1869, South Pass City was recognized as
the County Seat until 1873, when the Third Legislative Assembly changed it to Green River City. Between
1884 and 1888, the legislature carved out Fremont County and adjusted the boundaries of Carbon County
to define the boundaries of present day Sweetwater County. Sweetwater County is the only Wyoming
County that was created as a direct result of mining. Minerals extraction dominated the economy and
growth of the County from its inception. The development of mining and the railroad stimulated the
agriculture industry to provide food for the workers. Some of Wyoming's earliest livestock operations were
established in Sweetwater County. Mining and agriculture remain the dominant economic forces within
Sweetwater County today. As of the 2000 Census, the population of Sweetwater County was 37,613,
though recent growth in mining and the energy industry has probably increased that population
substantially.
Location
Sweetwater County Conservation District encompasses all of Sweetwater County in the southwest corner
of Wyoming, which covers 10,426 square miles and is the thirteenth largest county in the United States.
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Adjacent counties include Lincoln, Sublette, Fremont, Carbon, and Uinta Counties in Wyoming; Daggett
and Summit Counties in Utah, and Moffat County in Colorado.
Physical Setting
Sweetwater County's land includes areas of low elevation, semi-arid desert to high mountain conifer/aspen
landscapes. The majority of soils are underlain by soft bedrock of sedimentary origin, sandstone and shale.
Along the northeastern and eastern portion lies the Red Desert, named for its red sand, with its vast area of
moving sand dunes. The Flaming Gorge NRA is on the southern border of the District and extends into
Utah.
Elevations
Elevations range from 6,000 to 11,000 feet above sea level. The average elevation is about 6,500 to 7,000
feet.
Water Quality of Bitter and Killpecker Creeks
The following is taken from the Bitter/Killpecker Creek Watershed Study conducted in 2004 and 2005 by
Environmental Design Engineers (EDE). The entire report, including water quality data is available at the
Sweetwater County Conservation District Office (EDE 2006).
Segments of Bitter Creek and Killpecker Creek in Sweetwater County Wyoming are listed as water quality
impaired for fecal coliform bacteria and chloride. Water quality and quantity monitoring on Bitter Creek,
Killpecker Creek, Little Bitter Creek, Ten Mile Draw and Deadman Wash, Salt Wells Creek, Dead Horse
Canyon and Little Bitter Creek was conducted from April 2004 through October 2005 under a 319
watershed assessment grant to the Sweetwater County Conservation District (SWCCD). Monitoring sites
were located from upstream of most human development of the watersheds, downstream to the confluence
of Bitter Creek with the Green River. The monitoring sites were sampled 16 times for measurement of fecal
indicator bacteria and 5 times for inorganic constituents. In addition to the bacteriologic and inorganic
chemistry sampling, measurements and sampling under Beneficial Use Reconnaissance Project (BURP)
protocols were conducted including a geomorphic assessment, habitat assessment and biological
assessment through macro-invertebrate sampling and enumeration.
The results of this work indicate that Bitter Creek from the confluence with the Green River, upstream to
where Bitter Creek enters the urbanized area of Rock Springs meets the criteria for impairment by fecal
coliforms and the proposed E. coli standards. In addition, upper Bitter Creek was found to possibly exceed
some bacteriological criteria under some rainfall/runoff conditions, though additional data is
recommended prior to making such judgments. Killpecker Creek is also bacteriologically impaired from at
least the confluence with Bitter Creek upstream to the Town of Reliance. The longevity, degree, and
persistence of this bacteriological contamination may pose a heath threat and it is recommended that
within the impaired reaches, these streams be posted with signage warning of potential health risks from
contact. It is recommended that specific and selective sampling be conducted to attempt to identify the
sources. As a Class 2 C stream, Bitter Creek has primary contact recreation as a beneficial use. Due to the
natural conditions within this stream, it is questionable if primary contact recreation is a reasonable
beneficial use objective.
With respect to chloride, the sampling and analysis found that Bitter Creek and Killpecker Creek are
impaired with respect to the chronic chloride standard throughout most of the stream length, and with
respect to acute toxicity standards in the lower reaches of both streams. It appears that this impairment
may be naturally occurring as a result of the surrounding geology and soils. Furthermore, it appears that
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the magnitude of the high chloride concentrations in Killpecker Creek may be due to interchange with
groundwater, though no numeric groundwater quality data is available to support this hypothesis. The
acute toxicity impairment to Bitter Creek downstream from the confluence with Killpecker Creek is due to
the contribution of high chloride loading from Killpecker Creek. It is recommended that additional
sampling and analysis be conducted to determine the role of groundwater in the high chloride
concentrations in the lower reaches of Killpecker Creek. Upon completion of such additional investigation,
It is further recommended that, depending on the results, a Use Attainability Analysis (UAA) be conducted
to examine the need for establishment of site specific criteria to account for the apparent natural condition
of these streams with respect to chloride.
The results of the BURP studies revealed that Bitter Creek and Killpecker Creek are naturally under high
biological stress conditions as a result of the flow regimes, the moveable bed sedimentology, fine grained
substrate, the natural riparian composition and the natural water quality. With respect to the morphologic
condition of these streams, Bitter Creek upstream and downstream of the Rock Springs urban area are in a
condition reasonably reflective of natural high desert streams and do not show unusual alteration or
changes due to man causes activities. Killpecker Creek upstream of the Rock Springs urban area is also
reflects relatively unaltered geomorphic character consistent with a natural water course in this area.
Within the urban area of Rock Springs, both of these streams are highly modified due to urban
encroachment imposing channelization, in-filling, and channel modifications to maximize useable land
adjacent to these streams. The degree of development, encroachment and filling is at a level such that it is
questionable that as a practical and economic matter, much of it can be expected to attain features
consistent with the natural geomorphic, hydrologic, biologic and riparian condition of a native stream. It is
recommended that a UAA be conducted to determine if these streams in the urban area of Rock Springs can
be reasonably expected to be restored to a geomorphic, biologic and habitat condition which meets the
classified use.
As mentioned earlier, every waterbody within the state is classified by WDEQ based on the existing or
potential uses of that waterbody. Bitter Creek has been classified as Class 2C and Killpecker Creek has
been classified as Class 3B. Chapter One of WDEQ’s Water Quality Rules and Regulations define Class
2C waters as:
Class 2C waters are those known to support or have the potential to support only
nongame fish populations or spawning and nursery areas at least seasonally including
their perennial tributaries and adjacent wetlands. Class 2C waters include all
permanent and seasonal nongame fisheries and are considered “warm water”. Uses
designated on Class 2C waters include nongame fisheries, fish consumption, and aquatic
life other than fish, primary contact recreation, wildlife, industry, agriculture, and
scenic value.
Chapter One of WDEQ’s Water Quality Rules and Regulations define Class 3B waters as:
Class 3B waters tributary waters including adjacent wetlands that are not known to
support fish populations or drinking water supplies and where those uses are not
attainable. Class 3B waters are intermittent and ephemeral streams with sufficient
hydrology to normally support and sustain communities of aquatic life including
invertebrates, amphibians, or other flora and fauna which inhabit waters of the state at
some stage of their life cycles. In general, 3B waters are characterized by frequent
linear wetland occurrences or impoundments within or adjacent to the stream channel
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over its entire length. Such characteristics will be a primary indicator used in
identifying Class 3B waters...
The WDEQ water quality criteria being exceeded are the fecal coliform criteria and the chloride criteria.
The water quality criteria for fecal coliform (WDEQ, 2002) are:
During the entire year, fecal coliform concentrations shall not exceed a geometric mean
of 200 organisms per 100 milliliters (based on a minimum of not less than 5 samples
obtained during separate 24 hour periods for any 30 day period), nor shall the
geometric mean of 3 separate samples collected within a 24 hour period exceed 400
organisms per 100 milliliters in any Wyoming surface water.
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The water quality criteria for chloride (WDEQ, 2002) are 860 milligrams/Liter (1-hour average) or 230
milligrams/Liter (4-day average).
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Bitter Creek, from the confluence with the Green River up to the confluence with Killpecker Creek
(Appendix B / Stream Classifications and Stream Impairments Map), was included on Table A of
WDEQ’s 303(d) List of Impaired Waterbodies in 2000 for fecal coliform impairing contact recreation. The
same segment of Bitter Creek was listed in 2002 for chloride impairing nongame fish and aquatic life other
than fish. Killpecker Creek, from the confluence with Bitter Creek and upstream to the confluence with 14mile Creek, was listed in 2000 for fecal coliform impairing contact recreation. The primary source of data
for listing was WDEQ.
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Water Quality Efforts to Date
Upon listing this stream the Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality, Water Quality Division
(WDEQ, WQD), conducted sampling in 1998, 1999, and 2000 to confirm the impairment. WDEQ sampled
at 3 locations on Killpecker and Bitter Creeks during the summer of 1999. Fecal coliform bacteria
sampling in the city of Rock Springs resulted in fecal coliform 30-day geometric means ranging from 26
colonies/100 ml to 929 colonies/100 ml, verifying the impairment designation. WDEQ completed
additional monitoring of samples on May 30th, 2000, on Killpecker and Bitter Creeks, with a one hour
geometric mean of 1,940 colonies per milliliter.
To begin working toward the objective of addressing the impairments identified by WDEQ, the group
developed a grant proposal for submission to the Governor’s Non-point Source Pollution Task Force. This
grant would provide the resources required to: 1) inventory existing historical water quality data, 2)
develop a comprehensive water quality monitoring program within the watersheds to supplement existing
historical water quality data and, 3) develop this watershed plan to address the fecal coliform/E. coli, and
chloride impairments. This group has met monthly since 2001. In 2002, the grant proposal was approved.
A Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP) is the initial step in developing a local watershed management
strategy and the SAP was developed through a series of meetings with members of the Bitter Creek and
Killpecker Creek Watershed Advisory Group with technical assistance from the District and the consulting
group, Environmental Design Engineering (EDE). The SAP and subsequent watershed study addressed
local concerns and issues while meeting the Wyoming State legislative requirements (Enrolled Act 47) for
credible data, as well as the Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) requirements of the WDEQ,
Water Quality Division (WQD), and the EPA.
In the spring and fall of 2004, and again in the spring and fall of 2005, the Sweetwater County
Conservation District (the District) conducted water quality and Beneficial Use Reconnaissance Surveys at
14 surface water monitoring sites toward completion of the watershed study. Sampling and analysis
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performed included four 30-day sampling regimes for fecal coliform bacteria, E. coli, total coliform
bacteria, chlorides, other major ions, and one synoptic sampling round of sampling on Killpecker Creek
specifically for chlorides. The results of the District’s sampling effort are presented in detail in the report
“Bitter Creek/Killpecker Creek Watersheds Study” (February 2006). The analysis of the data from the
District’s 2004-2005 watershed study reaffirms the impairment classification for portions of Bitter Creek
and Killpecker Creek. The fecal coliform 30-day geometric mean standard, from Rock Springs
downstream on Bitter Creek, was exceeded in between 25% and 75% of the samples at 3 sampling sites,
which exceeds the 10% sample exceedance impairment criteria of the WDEQ. In addition, at two
monitoring sites near Rock Springs on Killpecker Creek the 200 colonies/100 ml limit was exceeded in
50% and 75% of the samples, respectively. These data combined with the historic data suggest a long term
and persistent exceedance of fecal bacteria standards in Bitter Creek and Killpecker Creek near and
downstream of Rock Springs. With respect to chloride, a total of 5 grab samples for chloride were
collected at each of the 14 monitoring stations when water was present; for a total of 67 chloride analyses.
A total of 41 samples exceeded the chronic water quality standard of 230 mg/l, while 19 water quality
samples exceeded the acute water quality standard of 860 mg/l. The highest concentrations were found on
the lower reaches of Killpecker Creek and Bitter Creek. Killpecker Creek, as a tributary of Bitter Creek, is
responsible for the largest contribution of chloride to Bitter Creek.
With the completion of the watershed plan, the District intends to more aggressively pursue
information/education efforts and cost-share programs aimed at implementing BMPs. In addition, the
District has implemented a cost-share program through the EPA/WDEQ 319 Grant and the Wyoming
Department of Agriculture’s Water Quality Grant to assist landowners in completing various BMP projects
addressing Animal Feeding Operations-Confined Animal Feeding Operation’s (AFO/CAFO) throughout
Sweetwater County. A County ballot initiative for one-cent sales tax for the improvement of City sewer
systems, within Sweetwater County, is in effect.
ISSUES AND CONCERNS
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Bitter and Killpecker Creeks are influenced by both urban and suburban land uses. The City of Rock
Springs and its outlying areas are within the Bitter Creek watershed. The impacts of these land uses on
water quality are different than those of land uses such as industrial and agricultural. Specific areas of
consideration are:
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Suburban Stormwater Runoff – Pollutants, such as animal waste (including pets), from a variety of
sources accumulate on land surfaces and storm water runoff may flush those pollutants directly
into surface waters.
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Urban Stormwater Runoff - Water quality can be adversely affected in urban areas with
impervious surfaces via storm water drainages during storm events. Educational opportunities
emphasizing impacts of pet waste disposal, efficient lawn fertilization and watering practices and
potential for rain water capture and re-use. There is also a need to gather information pertaining
to the location of storm sewer drainages to surface water so that opportunities for urban BMP
implementation may be pursued.
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Septic Systems (aging or illicit discharge) – Correct installation and maintenance is very
important to minimize the potential impact of this human waste management practice. There may
be areas within the municipality that could benefit from being tied in with the city sewer system.
There may be a need to provide information on the administrative procedures for formation of a
sewer district to assist those currently using individual septic systems that may benefit by using a
Urban/Suburban Impacts
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community or cluster type system. There may be a need to provide information pertaining to
required maintenance and proper installation, including county requirements, of septic systems.
There may be a need to coordinate between Sweetwater County Health Department and the City
of Rock Springs to determine if there are residences that do not show up in either set of records.
If there are many instances similar to this, the need for a septic program may be in order.
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Sewer and Water Districts – There may be a need to inform the sewer and water districts within
the watershed of cost-share opportunities that exist with programs such as CWA Section 319. The
Conservation District has information to help any sewer and water districts, without preconceived
notions of needed repairs, in applying for funding for projects if money is needed.
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City Sewer Systems – The municipal sewer system is in need of repair. This issue is particularly
important considering the influence of abandoned mine shafts and shifting of subsurface geologic
formations that could potentially cause sewer line breaks and provide a conduit for sewage
introduction into stream channels.
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Small Acreage Land-Use Management – Concentrated land use activities such as hobby farming,
concentrated livestock grazing, vehicle storage, fuels and hazardous materials storage all have
potential to adversely impact the water resources in the Bitter and Killpecker Creeks Watershed.
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Human Health – The BKWAG and Conservation District are concerned about potential illness
associated with ingestion of water from Bitter and Killpecker Creeks. The Sweetwater County
Health Department and public need to be aware of water quality and potential risks associated
with contact recreation in these waterbodies.
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Coordination with DEQ and Local Stakeholders
Recognition of water quality issues by landowners and the public at large is the initial challenge. In order to
encourage participation in voluntary BMP activities, the District will lead effective information
dissemination programs regarding opportunities for implementation and progress achieved in plan
implementation. To ensure successful implementation of this watershed plan, WDEQ and other agencies
involved with water quality regulation, funding and assessment will have to be aware of the status of this
planning effort.
Water Quality Concerns (303(d) List, Continued Monitoring, Use Classifications)
Due to the nature and location of impairments within Bitter and Killpecker Creeks, the B/K WAG
considers bacteria as the primary priority for implementation of BMPs. Work on the physical and
biological integrity of these creeks should be initiated with proper safety precautions in place or after the
bacteria concern has been addressed. Continuous monitoring of the water quality (at least annually) in
Bitter/Killpecker Creeks and their drainages is expensive, and time consuming, yet a high priority.
Resources must be found in order to ensure data credibility and accuracy. Water quality monitoring data is
needed to ascertain implementation impacts on the water quality in a quantifiable way. A tremendous
amount of data must be collected to determine the natural background conditions for the watershed. As this
watershed plan is implemented, sampling sites and dates may change in response to management activities
or trends noticed in the data. For these reasons, the steering committee believes that local expertise in
water quality issues is also important. Therefore, water quality training for Conservation District
employees is a priority.
There are segments within Bitter and Killpecker Creeks that historically were designated as Class 4, but
were changed to Class 2 or 3 as a result of EPA review. The initial designations were accurate. Therefore,
a Use Attainability Analysis should be pursued to ensure that classifications can actually support the
appropriate use designations.
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Agricultural Impacts
Agriculture is a vital component of the local economy and provides a desirable lifestyle for many within the
Bitter Creek and Killpecker Creek watersheds. It is a priority of the Bitter Creek and Killpecker Creek
Watershed Advisory Group to maintain or improve the viability of the agricultural industry within the
watershed in conjunction with improving water quality. Specific issues include:
Waste Management of Corrals and Feeding Areas – Corrals and feeding areas that lie within the
watershed, or are adjacent to or near surface waters and seasonal feeding areas, should be
managed to minimize impacts of drainage into area streams. Increase awareness and educate the
community on options, including cost-share opportunities, for reducing impacts of livestock and
wildlife waste on surface waters including options for manure spreading and nutrient
management.
Grazing Management - Opportunities exist for Best Available Control Technology (BACT)
(Grazing Best Management Practices) to address potential fecal coliform/e.coli loads as well as
using grazing as a tool to enhance stream bank stability and riparian area conditions. Increase
awareness and educate the community on options, including cost-share opportunities, to increase
grazing efficiency through range improvements such as off-site water, water developments for
better distribution of animals to improve water quality. The Bitter Creek/ Killpecker Creek
Watersheds have naturally erosive soils, badlands and precipitation patterns that induce erosion
that negatively impact water quality. The BKWAG recognizes the potential benefits of improved
grazing management, but also realizes that natural erosion conditions may limit the influence of
grazing BMPs on bacteria, chloride and sediment loads. There are many potential sources of fecal
coliform / E.coli. In addition to livestock grazing issues, other man-induced sources of fecal
coliform / E.coli must also be addressed in an attempt to improve water quality. If fecal coliform /
E.coli water quality criteria are not attainable, even after implementation of BMPs outlined in this
Plan, WDEQ should consider background conditions and site-specific criteria.
Irrigation Management – While there is not a great deal of irrigation within the watershed, there
are opportunities for specific projects to implement for irrigation conveyance to control
contamination of nearby surface waters. Priority dates of water rights and availability of stored
water may influence the feasibility of implementation of projects designed to increase irrigation
efficiency. Drought and lack of available water can result in reduced vegetative cover for areas
normally receiving irrigation water. Increasing irrigation efficiency can positively influence water
quality by reducing irrigation tail water and pollutants contained therein. Irrigation also increases
vegetative cover and provides buffer strips to increase water quality, if implemented correctly.
Economic Impacts of Remediation – Clean water provides economic benefits to the agricultural
community. Remediation should not, however, place an undue economic burden on those who
participate in BMP programs. Economic viability of the agricultural operation should be a
priority as BMP alternatives are considered. There is a wide range of incomes throughout the
watershed, and those with limited economic resources, may be unable to implement BMPs,
regardless of cost share opportunities. Agricultural producers in these watersheds must carefully
evaluate if any BMP implementation is economically feasible, a benefit to the objectives of the
watershed or are required to meet WDEQ specifications. However, this may become a regulatory
issue where cost share opportunities may no longer be available.
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Recreational Impacts
The outdoor recreation/tourism industry is important to Sweetwater County. However, inappropriate
activities associated with recreation may have an adverse impact on the water resources of the Bitter Creek
and Killpecker Creek watersheds. To avoid inappropriate discharge of waste, recreational vehicle waste
management infrastructure or information directing campers to the appropriate facilities needs to be
available at campsites. Irresponsible use of ATVs, motorcycles and four wheel drive vehicles removes
vegetation and can contribute to increased levels of fecal coliform/E. coli, sediment and chlorides in surface
water.
Soil Survey
A level three NRCS soil survey for Sweetwater County and specifically, Bitter and Killpecker Creeks
Watersheds, would provide information for all sectors influencing water quality. This soil survey would be
particularly valuable in identifying potential geological influences on the unusually high chloride
concentrations and, therefore the impaired stream segments within the watershed. A complete soil survey
would also provide accurate soils information to City and County planning officials as well as residents of
the Bitter and Killpecker Creeks and assist in evaluating potential BMP implementation. This would be
particularly useful for implementing practices such as buffer strips, grazing management and septic
remediation.
Industrial Impacts
Industry is a vital component of Sweetwater County’s economy. Although WDEQ requires industrial
developments to hold discharge permits, road development, rail bed maintenance and pipeline construction
may contribute additional surface runoff and, therefore, bacteria and chlorides to surface waters. Industry is
closely monitored and must abide by all requirements prior to activity. Specific issues include:
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Wyoming Pollution Discharge Elimination System (WYPDES) Permits – WDEQ has proposed a
new classification system within the state and dropped the Class 4 classification, consequently
industries needing to discharge could be impacted. Reclassification from Class 4 streams and
making the criteria more difficult to obtain may ultimately decrease water quality by creating
artificial conditions such as water without natural levels of sediment. The volume of water could
also be impacted by treatment. It is not the intent of the BKWAG to pursue UAA to lessen
discharge standards for industry, but to accurately reflect the current and potential use-support.
Stormwater Management Plans – Industrial storm water is regulated by WDEQ (Every surface
disturbance greater than one acre requires a construction storm water permit). If some industries do
not have these plans in place, there may be impacts to water quality. There may be a need for
educational opportunities to present to industrial representatives on permitting requirements and
compliance.
Wetland Mitigation – There are wetlands that have been either created or enlarged by industry
through discharge. These wetlands need to be documented as “artificial”. We may be experiencing
benefits from artificial wetlands that change the classification of the stream segment and create
unattainable expectations for use-support in the event that the discharge ceases. There have also
been requests by the BLM to the Jim Bridger Power Plant to augment supply to the Ten Mile Marsh
by intentionally overflowing holding ponds. This activity may improve water quality by providing
additional filtration of surface water, but industrial activity alone is providing this benefit and
should be considered temporary.
Ground Water - Industry has also provided augmented water and may have created artificial ground
water levels in some locations due to redistribution of surface and ground water coupled with
alterations in flow regimes. When industrial activities cease, the water table will return to historic
levels and potentially impact water quality by drying up existing springs and channels.
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Minerals Development – Oil and gas development and associated reclamation is scattered
throughout the watersheds and generally less concentrated than the disturbance created by surface
coal mining. Depending on density and management, oil and gas development within the watershed
may have more or less noticeable impacts. Runoff from the well pads themselves is generally
controlled. However, access roads pose an issue of additional sediment contribution to the natural
waterways. Proper construction, maintenance and surfacing of roads have the potential to lessen
sediment loads. Coal bed methane development and in-fill projects (increased number of wells
within an existing field) may have potential for impacts to water quality. For any mineral
development, water handling, discharge methods and proper reclamation are critical for maintaining
or improving water quality. The continued collection of water quality data is particularly important
to document conditions prior to widespread CBM development and discharge as these activities
may also impact use-support designations.
Wildlife/Wild Horse Impacts
Significant populations of wildlife are present in the Bitter Creek and Killpecker Creek watersheds and the
wildlife impact(s) on water quality is unknown. Resulting fecal coliform deposits into the drainage arise
from their need for water and possible solutions for their impact(s) are limited and may be difficult to
implement. For this reason, if continuous monitoring of the water quality in the Bitter Creek and
Killpecker Creek watersheds reflects that fecal coliform levels still do not meet WDEQ requirements after
human induced impacts have been addressed at a level the local Conservation District Board feels
adequate, then the WDEQ should consider that some contributing factors are out of “human control”. The
Bitter and Killpecker Creeks Watershed provides habitat for wild horses as well and their management will
play an important role in water quality improvement efforts.
Funding Issues
Any BMP proposed and implemented should not place an unreasonable financial burden on the
individual(s) involved. Cost share funding will need to be sought out and made available through the
District Board of Supervisors (office) for any individuals wishing to apply for assistance in the
implementation of practices that are targeted to the long-term improvement of water quality in the Bitter
Creek and Killpecker Creek watersheds.
WATERSHED IMPROVEMENT ACTIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
Urban/Suburban Impacts
ISSUE
Homeowners, developers and planning officials need to have accurate, current information readily
available to make informed decisions. Specific issues are as follows: 1) suburban storm water runoff, 2)
urban storm water runoff, 3) septic systems, 4) sewer and water districts, 5) city sewer systems, 6) small
acreage land-use management and 7) human health considerations.
OBJECTIVES
• Provide accurate water quality and natural resource related information to planning officials and
residents regarding potential urban and suburban land use impacts to water quality within Bitter and
Killpecker Creeks.
• Improve water quality within Bitter and Killpecker Creeks by working with the City of Rock
Springs, Sweetwater County, water and sewer districts, landowners and communities within the
watershed to implement voluntary and incentive-based BMPs.
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Relieve the economic burden of BMP implementation by providing information pertaining to
existing cost-share opportunities available to willing participants and pursuing funding for needed
cost-share for urban and suburban activities.
ACTION ITEMS
• The Advisory Group, District, and NRCS will continue, and attempt to expand, the cost-share
programs for BMPs addressing water quality by providing the technical assistance to apply for
funds and documenting resource concerns.
• Make available $24,000 (based on remediation/reconstruction of nominally six or more septic
systems) in cost-share funding for voluntary upgrades to inadequate sewer and septic systems to
municipalities and landowners each year for five years. Cost share rates will be contingent upon
funding rules and availability.
• The District will conduct five homeowner workshops related to septic system evaluations including
brochures and public notices (Measurable data could include a roster of attendees, number of
brochures passed out, survey of applicants).
• The District will design a continuing education program for realtors and contractors emphasizing
proper septic system installation and operation and submit the proposal to the Wyoming Association
of Realtors.
• The District will approach the Western Wyoming Resource Conservation and Development Council
to seek assistance in pursuing all available options for funding sewer remediation or other water
quality concerns.
• The Sweetwater County Conservation District will provide water quality data to Sweetwater County
Health Department and the City of Rock Springs for their consideration for public health notices.
• The Sweetwater County Conservation District will also provide water quality data to outlying
communities and all sewer districts within the watershed.
• Inform Sweetwater County Health Department of bacterial water quality data so that they can
determine appropriate action to prevent illness due to contact with water.
• Provide the Wyoming Homeowner’s Guide to Septic Systems to homeowners within the drainage
areas of the impaired segments through workshops and County Assessor’s data and associated
mailings.
• Provide interactive booth at the County Fair and workshops outlined in this plan that highlights the
water quality of Bitter and Killpecker Creeks and emphasizes water quality and effects of pet waste,
lawn watering, over fertilization and other uses.
• Annually produce an article in the Rocket Miner’s Progress Edition regarding the current progress
of implementation of this plan.
• The BKWAG will make a request to the City of Rock Springs to develop a storm water
management plan and provide the scope of work for the one-cent ballot initiative for sewer
upgrades.
• Produce a map, in conjunction with the City of Rock Springs, Sweetwater County and other
interested parties indicating storm water drainages into Bitter and Killpecker Creeks.
• The District will approach the youth groups about projects to attach storm-drain buttons for public
awareness.
• While bacteria are the first water quality priority, the Conservation District will provide support for
the Bitter Creek Beautification Project by assisting the City of Rock Springs in the implementation
of this project.
Coordination with WDEQ and Local Stakeholders
ISSUE
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Awareness of this watershed planning effort by WDEQ and other entities responsible for water quality
regulation, assessment and funding will assist in voluntary implementation activities.
OBJECTIVES
Capitalize on as many options as possible to inform residents of the progress of this plan and opportunities
for assistance with BMP implementation.
Keep WDEQ and other agencies updated on the status of this watershed plan
ACTION ITEMS
• The District will provide a brief synopsis of the plan and update Sweetwater County residents on
the District’s mailing list regarding watershed activities in the quarterly newsletter.
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The Bitter/Killpecker Creek Watershed Advisory Group will develop an Annual Report of Progress
regarding the watershed project and make available to watershed residents and the WDEQ.
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The District will provide regular updates on Bitter Creek and Killpecker Creek watersheds
implementation activities in their regular newsletter.
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The District will develop a brochure explaining the project and Watershed Plan and will distribute
to watershed residents, WDEQ, and the general public.
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The District will conduct two workshops/tours for agricultural producers on BMPs available and
resources to assist in installation, management and funding BMPs. (Measurable data could include
a roster of attendees, number of brochures passed out.)
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The District will create a link on the Wyoming Association of Conservation District and the Rock
Springs Chamber of Commerce website(s) to serve as a source of information on water quality
issues for residents and maintain it with current data. (Measurable data could include a counter on
the website tracking the number of visitors to the site.)
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The District will implement an information and education program for appropriate RV and camping
waste management within the Bitter Creek and Killpecker Creek watersheds. (Measurable data
could include number of no-dumping buttons placed in areas of improper waste releases.)
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The B/K WAG will continue to meet at least twice a year or more often if needed, for the next five
years, to review progress of this watershed plan and provide input on the District’s water quality
program.
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The District will deliver the watershed study to the City of Rock Springs, Sweetwater County and
the sewer and water districts.
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Document implementation activities not included in this watershed plan and include in the annual
update document to WDEQ and the other districts.
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Water Quality Concerns (303(d) List, Continued Monitoring, Use Classifications)
ISSUE
The only quantifiable method of assessing the effectiveness of this watershed plan is to continue water
quality monitoring. As a component of working towards water quality improvement and eventual delisting,
while ensuring that Bitter and Killpecker Creeks are properly classified, remain a priority.
OBJECTIVES
• Document progress toward addressing elevated fecal coliform / E. coli and chloride levels.
• Demonstrate full designated use support through documented water quality improvement, influence
of background conditions and proper WDEQ classification.
ACTION ITEMS
• The District, in coordination with the B/KWAG, will collect credible water quality data to illustrate
effects of implementation and gain understanding of background conditions.
• The District, in coordination with the B/K WAG, will initiate an additional water quality monitoring
program to focus on the impacts of ground water on bacteria and chloride concentrations in Bitter
and Killpecker Creeks as the watershed study indicates that bacteria may be associated with ground
water. In addition to the water quality monitoring effort, a focused study on chloride relationships
to soils will also be initiated.
• If fecal coliform and E. coli are detected in groundwater, this may be an indication that there are
leaking sewer and septic lines. In this instance, the district will provide this data to the City of Rock
Springs, Sweetwater County and other landowners so that they may address any problems.
• The District proposes to staff a local watershed coordinator position responsible for assisting with
the implementation of the Bitter Creek and Killpecker Creek Watershed Plan. Position will provide
assistance to the local landowners and homeowners in implementing management practices. Upon
request by landowners, this assistance will include, but not be limited to, consultation with industry
and landowners on reclamation, AFO/CAFO issues; grazing management; assistance to
homeowners with assessments and implementation of projects to rectify sewer lines and septic
system deficiencies and plan for future centralized sewer systems; educational efforts, and water
monitoring.
• Provide Conservation District personnel with watershed management and water quality monitoring
training at least annually or more often as needed.
• Based on all available credible water quality data, submit UAAs to WDEQ to ensure proper WDEQ
classifications.
Agricultural Impacts
ISSUE
It is a priority of the Bitter Creek and Killpecker Creek Watershed Advisory Group to maintain or improve
the viability of the agricultural industry within the watershed in conjunction with improving water quality.
Specific agricultural activities to address are as follows: 1) waste management, 2) grazing management, 3)
irrigation management and 4) economic impacts of remediation.
OBJECTIVES
• Reduce the amount of agricultural waste entering the Bitter Creek and Killpecker Creek through
implementation of BMPs and information and education dissemination.
• Reduce the amount of human-caused sediment within the Bitter Creek and Killpecker Creek
through implementation of BMPs and information and education dissemination.
• Relieve the economic burden of BMP implementation by providing information pertaining to
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existing cost-share opportunities available to willing participants and pursuing funding for needed
cost-share for agricultural activities.
Reduce, to the extent possible and economically feasible, the amount of sediment/chlorides entering
the watersheds contained within this planning area, with emphasis on the Bitter Creek and
Killpecker Creek.
Reduce, to the extent possible and economically feasible, the amount of fecal coliform /E. coli
entering the Bitter Creek and Killpecker Creek watersheds.
Inform irrigators of technology and cost-share opportunities to increase irrigation efficiency.
Reduce the amount of sediment/chloride, fecal coliform / e.coli and other contaminants reaching
stream channels by reducing overland flow and tail water through implementation of efficient
irrigation BMPs
Reduce the economic burden of BMP implementation for agricultural producers by providing costshare opportunities.
ACTION ITEMS
• Provide information and education by hosting 10 agriculture/small acreage workshops, during the
five-years of this plan, highlighting BMPs and cost-share opportunities to improve water quality.
• Annually send educational materials to residents and the BLM Operations Manager on SWCCD’s
mailing list, highlighting Animal Feeding Operation (AFO)/Confined Animal Feeding Operations
(CAFO) improvement options, including the Landowner Self-Assessment form (illustrates risk of
contributing animal waste to surface waters) and a progress report of past BMP implementation
within the Conservation District.
• Facilitate implementation of AFO/CAFO and small acreage projects to comply with current rules
and regulations. This will be contingent upon funding availability and sufficient voluntary
participation
• Continue to encourage and support grazing BMPs and approved BLM Allotment Management
Plans and annual operating plans for these watersheds.
• Review the Wyoming Standards and Guides for Healthy Rangelands Evaluations for allotments
within the BKWAG Watersheds, which may indicate which allotments are in good condition
(needing no change in management) versus allotments where BMP implementation would be a
higher priority.
• Provide 2 workshops in a five-year period to highlight benefits of treatment for sagebrush control as
related to livestock grazing and increased vegetative cover for reduced soil erosion.
• Encourage joint permittee/BLM monitoring of grazing allotments within these watersheds to
evaluate grazing management to increase vegetative cover.
• Annually advertise the availability of cost-share programs available for irrigation practices in the
SWCCD Newsletter.
• Develop a brochure highlighting different alternatives for irrigation and programs available for
assisting producers in increasing irrigation efficiency.
• Since irrigation is not a major influence within the watershed, the District, in conjunction with
NRCS, will contact irrigators to inform them of alternatives to improve water quality through
changes in irrigation management.
• The Conservation District Staff and the Natural Resources Conservation Service will work with
landowners for Best Management Practice implementation and habitat improvements through
available federal, and/or non-federal financial assistance programs. SWCCD will apply for funding
to assist with implementation projects. Potential sources include: NRCS programs (EQIP, WRP,
WHIP, CCRP, GRP, etc.), EPA/WDEQ Section 319 Grants programs. Implementation may also be
realized through BLM’s allotment management planning process.
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The Advisory Group, the District and Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) will
continue, and attempt to expand the cost-share programs for BMPs addressing water quality.
The District will conduct two workshops/tours for agricultural producers on BMPs available and
resources to assist in installation, management and funding BMPs.
Initially apply at least five grazing BMPs that enhance riparian areas, within a five-year period.
These projects may include: new prescribed grazing management plans, cross-fencing, weed
management projects, wild horse management and protection/development of natural water.
Additional projects will be planned as needed in relation to ongoing water quality monitoring data
results. Project numbers will be dependent upon funding availability.
Initiate a weed CRM in Sweetwater County to address white top, salt cedar, halogeton and others.
These weeds contribute to soil erosion and thus sediment, bacteria and chloride loading to Bitter
and Killpecker Creeks.
Recreational Impacts
ISSUE
Recreational vehicle dumping and lack of dumping sites may be a contributing factor relating to bacteria
water quality concerns. To avoid inappropriate discharge of waste, waste management infrastructure or
information directing campers to the appropriate facilities needs to be available at campsites.
OBJECTIVE
Reduce the impact of RV dumping and recreation on fecal coliform/E. coli levels in the Bitter Creek and
Killpecker Creek watersheds through a comprehensive information and education program in the next five
years.
ACTION ITEMS
• Develop and implement an information and education program, including a brochure to be annually
distributed, that will address appropriate Recreational Vehicle (RV) and camping waste
management throughout the Bitter Creek and Killpecker Creek watersheds over the next five years.
• Provide a proposal to the City, County and the Wyoming Department of Transportation to provide
additional RV dump stations on major roads and points of interest.
• The District will disseminate proper OHV use information or other available brochures at the
District office and at community events.
Soil Survey
ISSUE
A completed soil survey would assist in all aspects of the implementation of this watershed plan. The
Sweetwater County Commissioners have endorsed the idea of pursuing a soil survey. The need for soil
surveys is also documented in other federal and local planning processes such as various Resource
Management Plans (RMPs) and Conservation District Long-range Plans.
OBJECTIVE
Initiate and complete a soil survey for Sweetwater County.
ACTION ITEMS
• Contact BLM as the major landowner, along with industry and other landowners to invite them to
be a partner in securing access and funding to secure the technical expertise.
• Contact NRCS and adjoining Counties to ensure that existing soil survey crews stay in place until
the southwest region of Wyoming is surveyed.
18
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
•
The Wyoming Association of Conservation Districts (WACD) will pursue earmark for NRCS and
BLM for soil survey in SW Wyoming due to energy development.
Industrial Impacts
ISSUE
Since industrial impacts are so closely monitored and regulated by DEQ, the appropriate role for BKWAG
in assisting industry will be focused on providing credible data, educational opportunities, updates for
water quality rule changes and plan implementation updates.
OBJECTIVE
Provide information to assist industry in meeting water quality standards, air quality standards and
understanding development and its impact on a watershed scale.
ACTION ITEMS
• Provide updates to appropriate industry representatives regarding water quality data and watershed
planning progress.
• Provide existing water quality data for evaluation of use classifications for the waterbodies to
industry.
• Complete a UAA if supported by historic and current data to ensure proper classification of the
waterbodies.
• Provide a wetland inventory and map to industry based on ground checking of a sub-sample of
wetlands identified on the map.
• Provide a comprehensive list and map of WYPDES permits to industry as a result of watershedbased permitting.
• Host at least one workshop that addresses regulatory requirements relevant to water quality for
industry. Topics to include are storm water management plans, WYPDES permits, correlation
between designated use classifications and water quality standards and air quality standards.
Wildlife/Wild Horse Impacts
ISSUES
Wildlife/Wild Horse concentrations in the Bitter Creek and Killpecker Creek watersheds may have an
adverse impact on fecal coliform/E. coli levels in the watersheds.
OBJECTIVES
Provide off-stream watering sites that may draw wildlife/wild horses away from surface waters and control
the season of use for grazing lands, thereby minimizing their impacts.
Provide information and education on wildlife/wild horse impacts to the water quality and provide
suggestions on management practices to mitigate these impacts over the next five years.
ACTION ITEMS
• Initially, apply at least five wildlife/wild horse BMPs that enhance riparian areas within a five-year
period. Examples of projects include; natural water source protection and increasing horse
distribution. Additional projects will be planned as needed in relation to ongoing water quality
monitoring data results. Project numbers will be dependent upon funding availability.
• The District is currently involved in and will continue to participate on a continual basis in longrange federal land planning processes as well as project level environmental assessments and
environmental impact statements.
19
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
•
•
The District will make contact and coordinate with Wyoming Game and Fish to document baseline
conditions for fish suitability and document change through time.
The District will formally request that BLM adhere to the Wyoming Wild Horse Consent Decree to
control the horse population and improve habitat
Funding Issues
ISSUES
Remediation should not place an undue burden on those who voluntarily participate in BMP programs and
should enhance economic conditions when possible. Human and financial resources are limited to
adequately monitor and repair identified human caused activities that contribute to the water quality (short
and long-term) in the Bitter Creek and Killpecker Creek watersheds. Cost share programs, information and
educational programs and continuous monitoring will be necessary in order to make this plan workable and
effective.
OBJECTIVES
Over the course of this projected five year Watershed Plan, provide cost sharing incentives to affected
landowners, municipalities and governmental entities to address water quality issues of the Bitter Creek and
Killpecker Creek watersheds.
ACTION ITEMS
• Include the work that has already been done in securing grant funds for BMPs, human resources and
cost-share opportunities for the implementation of BMPs in the next five years.
• Target future grants for two years at a time - applications should be made approximately one year in
advance considering a one-year time frame for contract/Project Implementation Plan (PIP)
initiation.
• The District Board of Supervisors will seek out cost-share funding opportunities and make it
available for individuals wishing to apply for assistance that would target the long-term
improvement of water quality in the Bitter Creek and Killpecker Creek watersheds. An example of
this type of effort would include a CWA Section 319 Grant for septic systems. The District Board
of Supervisors and the Bitter/Killpecker Creek Watershed Advisory Group will be the entities
directly responsible for deciding who qualifies for cost-share funding to address these issues.
• The District will apply for funding to initiate a ground water/surface water interaction study from
Sweetwater County
35
36
20
1
MILESTONE TABLE
MILESTONE TABLE
Action Items
The Advisory Group, District, and
NRCS will continue, and attempt to
expand, the cost-share programs for
BMPs addressing water quality by
providing the technical assistance to
apply for funds and documenting
resource concerns.
Completed
Make available $24,000 (based on
remediation of six systems) in costshare funding for voluntary upgrades
to inadequate sewer and septic
systems to municipalities and
landowners each year for five years
Completed
The District will conduct five
homeowner workshops related to
septic system evaluations including
brochures and public notices
Completed
The District will design a continuing
education program for realtors and
contractors emphasizing proper septic
system installation and operation and
submit the proposal to the Wyoming
Association of Realtors
Completed
The District will approach the
Western Wyoming Resource
Conservation and Development
Council to seek assistance in pursuing
all available options for funding
sewer remediation or other water
quality concerns
Completed
The Sweetwater County Conservation
District will provide water quality
data to Sweetwater County Health
Department and the City of Rock
Springs for their consideration for
public health notices
Completed
2006
JanMar
AprJun
2007
JulSep
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
2008
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
2009
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
2010
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
OctDec
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
19
MILESTONE TABLE
Action Items
The Sweetwater County Conservation
District will also provide water
quality data to outlying communities
and all sewer districts within the
watershed
Completed
Inform Sweetwater County Health
Department of bacterial water quality
data so that they can determine
appropriate action to prevent illness
due to contact with water
Completed
Provide the Wyoming Homeowner’s
Guide to Septic Systems to
homeowners within the drainage
areas of the impaired segments
Completed
Provide interactive booth highlighting
the water quality of Bitter and
Killpecker Creeks and emphasizing
water quality and effects of pet waste,
lawn watering, over fertilization and
other uses
Completed
Annually produce an article in the
Rocket Miner’s Progress Edition
regarding the current implementation
of the watershed in Bitter and
Killpecker Creeks and progress of
implementation of this plan
Completed
The BKWAG will make a request to
the City of Rock Springs to develop a
storm water management plan and
provide the scope of work for the
one-cent ballot initiative for sewer
upgrades
Completed
Produce a map, in conjunction with
the City and County, indicating storm
water drainages into Bitter and
Killpecker Creeks
Completed
2006
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
2007
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
2008
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
2009
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
2010
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
OctDec
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
20
MILESTONE TABLE
Action Items
2006
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
2007
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
2008
OctDec
The District will approach the youth
groups about projects to attach stormdrain buttons for public awareness
Completed
While bacteria is the first water
quality priority, the Conservation
District will provide support for the
Bitter Creek Beautification Project by
assisting the City of Rock Springs in
the implementation of this project
Completed
The District will provide a brief
synopsis of the plan and update
Sweetwater County residents on
watershed activities in their
newsletter
Completed
The Bitter/Killpecker Creek
Watershed Advisory Group will
develop an Annual Report of Progress
regarding the watershed project and
make available to watershed residents
and the WDEQ
Completed
The District will provide regular
updates on Bitter Creek and
Killpecker Creek watersheds
implementation activities in their
regular newsletter
Completed
The District will develop a brochure
explaining the project and Watershed
Plan and will distribute to watershed
residents, WDEQ, and the general
public
Completed
The District will conduct two
workshops/tours for agricultural
producers on BMPs available and
resources to assist in installation,
management and funding BMPs.
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
2009
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
2010
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
OctDec
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
21
MILESTONE TABLE
Action Items
2006
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
2007
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
2008
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
2009
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
2010
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
OctDec
Completed
The District will create a link on the
Wyoming Association of
Conservation District and the Rock
Springs Chamber of Commerce
website(s) to serve as a source of
information on water quality issues
for residents and maintain it with
current data. (Measurable data could
include a counter on the website
tracking the number of visitors to the
site.)
Completed
The District will implement an
information and education program
for appropriate RV and camping
waste management within the Bitter
Creek and Killpecker Creek
watersheds. (Measurable data could
include number of no-dumping
buttons placed in areas of improper
waste releases.)
X
X
Completed
The District will disseminate proper
OHV use information or other
available brochures at the District
office and at community events.
Completed
The B/K WAG will continue to meet
at least twice a year, or more often,
for the next five years, if needed, to
review progress of this watershed
plan and provide input on the
District’s water quality program
Completed
The District will deliver the
watershed study to the City of Rock
Springs, Sweetwater County and the
sewer and water districts
Completed
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
22
MILESTONE TABLE
Action Items
Document implementation activities
not included in this watershed plan
and include in annual updates to DEQ
and the other districts
Completed
The District, in coordination with the
B/KWAG, will collect credible water
quality data to illustrate effects of
implementation and gain
understanding of background
conditions
Completed
The District, in coordination with the
B/K WAG, will initiate an additional
water quality monitoring program to
focus on the impacts of ground water
on bacteria and chloride
concentrations in Bitter and
Killpecker Creeks as the watershed
study indicates that bacteria may be
associated with ground water. In
addition to the water quality
monitoring effort, a focused study on
chloride relationships to soils will
also be initiated
Completed
If fecal coliform and E. coli are
detected in groundwater, this may be
an indication that there are leaking
sewer and septic lines. In this
instance, the district will provide this
data to the City of Rock Springs,
Sweetwater County and other
landowners so that they may address
any problems
Completed
The District proposes to staff a local
watershed coordinator position
responsible for assisting with the
implementation of the Bitter Creek
and Killpecker Creek Watershed Plan
Completed
2006
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
2007
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
X
2008
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
X
OctDec
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
2009
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
2010
OctDec
X
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
OctDec
X
X
X
23
MILESTONE TABLE
Action Items
2006
JanMar
AprJun
Provide Conservation District
personnel with watershed
management and water quality
monitoring training at least annually
or more often as needed
Completed
JulSep
2007
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
X
2008
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
X
2009
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
OctDec
X
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
OctDec
X
Based on all available credible water
quality data, submit UAAs to WDEQ
to ensure proper DEQ classifications
Completed
Provide information and education by
hosting 10 agriculture/small acreage
workshops, during the five-years of
this plan, highlighting BMPs and
cost-share opportunities to improve
water quality
Completed
Annually send educational materials
to residents on SWCCD’s mailing
list, highlighting Animal Feeding
Operation (AFO)/Confined Animal
Feeding Operations (CAFO)
improvement options, including the
Landowner Self-Assessment form
(illustrates risk of contributing animal
waste to surface waters) and a
progress report of past BMP
implementation within the
Conservation District
Completed
Facilitate implementation of
AFO/CAFO and small acreage
projects to comply with current rules
and regulations. This will be
contingent upon funding availability
and sufficient voluntary participation
Completed
Continue to encourage and support
grazing BMPs and approved BLM
Allotment Management Plans and
annual operating plans for these
watersheds
Completed
2010
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
24
MILESTONE TABLE
Action Items
Review the Wyoming Standards and
Guides for Healthy Rangelands
Evaluations for allotments within the
BKWAG Watersheds, which may
indicate which allotments are in good
condition (needing no change in
management) versus allotments
where BMP implementation would be
a higher priority
Completed
Provide 2 workshops in a five-year
period to highlight benefits of
treatment for sagebrush control as
related to livestock grazing and
increased vegetative cover for
reduced soil erosion
Completed
Encourage joint permittee/BLM
monitoring of grazing allotments
within these watersheds to evaluate
grazing management to increase
vegetative cover
Completed
Annually advertise the availability of
cost-share programs available for
irrigation practices in the SWCCD
Newsletter
Completed
Develop a brochure highlighting
different alternatives for irrigation
and programs available for assisting
producers in increasing irrigation
efficiency
Completed
Since irrigation is not a major
influence within the watershed, the
District, in conjunction with NRCS,
will contact irrigators to inform them
of alternatives to improve water
quality through changes in irrigation
management
Completed
2006
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
2007
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
2008
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
2009
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
2010
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
OctDec
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
25
MILESTONE TABLE
Action Items
The Conservation District Staff and
the Natural Resources Conservation
Service will work with landowners
for Best Management Practice
implementation and habitat
improvements through available
federal, and/or non-federal financial
assistance programs. SWCCD will
apply for funding to assist with
implementation projects
Completed
The Advisory Group, the District and
Natural Resource Conservation
Service (NRCS) will continue, and
attempt to expand the cost-share
programs for BMPs addressing water
quality
Completed
The District will conduct two
workshops/tours for agricultural
producers on BMPs available and
resources to assist in installation,
management and funding BMPs
Completed
Initially apply at least five grazing
BMPs that enhance riparian areas,
within a five-year period. These
projects may include; new prescribed
grazing management plans, crossfencing, weed management projects,
wild horse management and
protection/development of natural
water
Completed
Initiate a weed CRM in Sweetwater
County to address white top, salt
cedar, halogeton and others
2006
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
2007
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
2008
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
2009
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
2010
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
OctDec
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Completed
26
MILESTONE TABLE
Action Items
Develop and implement an
information and education program,
including a brochure to be annually
distributed, that will address
appropriate Recreational Vehicle
(RV) and camping waste
management throughout the Bitter
Creek and Killpecker Creek
watersheds over the next five years
Completed
Provide a proposal to the City,
County and the Wyoming
Department of Transportation to
provide additional RV dump stations
on major roads and points of interest
Completed
Contact BLM as the major
landowner, along with industry,
Sweetwater County (RS 2477) and
other landowners to invite them to be
a partner in securing access and
funding to secure the technical
expertise for soil survey
Completed
Contact NRCS and adjoining
Counties to ensure that existing soil
survey crews stay in place until the
southwest region of Wyoming is
surveyed
Completed
WACD will pursue earmark for
NRCS and BLM for soil survey in
SW Wyoming due to energy
development
Completed
Provide updates to appropriate
industry representatives regarding
water quality data and watershed
planning progress
Completed
Provide existing water quality data
for evaluation of use classifications
for the waterbodies to industry
2006
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
2007
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
2008
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
2009
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
2010
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
OctDec
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
27
MILESTONE TABLE
Action Items
2006
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
2007
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
2008
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
Completed
Complete a UAA if supported by
historic and current data to ensure
proper classification of the
waterbodies
Completed
Provide a wetland inventory and map
to industry based on ground checking
of a sub-sample of wetlands
identified on the map
Completed
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
2010
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
OctDec
X
X
Provide a comprehensive list and map
of WYPDES permits to industry as a
result of watershed-based permitting
Completed
Host at least one workshop that
addresses regulatory requirements
relevant to water quality for industry.
Topics to include are storm water
management plans, WYPDES
permits, correlation between
designated use classifications and
water quality standards and air
quality standards
Completed
Initially, apply at least five
wildlife/wild horse BMPs that
enhance riparian areas within a fiveyear period. Examples of projects
include; natural water source
protection and increasing horse
distribution
Completed
The District is currently involved in
and will continue to participate on a
continual basis in long-range federal
land planning processes as well as
project level environmental
assessments and environmental
impact statements
Completed
2009
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
28
MILESTONE TABLE
Action Items
The District will make contact and
coordinate with Wyoming Game and
Fish to document baseline conditions
for fish suitability and document
change through time
Completed
Include the work that has already
been done in securing grant funds for
BMPs, human resources and costshare opportunities for the
implementation of BMPs in the next
five years
Completed
Target future grants for two years at a
time - applications should be made
approximately one year in advance
considering a one-year time frame for
contract/Project Implementation Plan
(PIP) initiation
Completed
The District Board of Supervisors
will seek out cost-share funding
opportunities and make it available
for individuals wishing to apply for
assistance that would target the longterm improvement of water quality in
the Bitter Creek and Killpecker Creek
watersheds. An example of this type
of effort would include a CWA
Section 319 Grant for septic systems
Completed
The District will apply for funding to
initiate a ground water/surface water
interaction study from Sweetwater
County
Completed
2006
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
2007
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
2008
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
2009
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
2010
OctDec
JanMar
AprJun
JulSep
OctDec
X
X
X
X
X
X
29
2AB
2A
2B
2C
3A
3B
3C
4A
4B
4C
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Scenic Value
Industry
Agriculture
Wildlife
Recreation
Other Aquatic Life
Fish Consumption
Non-Game Fish
Game Fish
Drinking Water
Class
APPENDIX A – USE CLASSIFICATION TABLE
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
30
APPENDIX B – WATERSHED MAP
(next page)
31
32
APPENDIX C - ACRONYMS
AFO – Animal Feeding Operation
AMP – Allotment Management Plan
B/KWAG – Bitter Creek / Killpecker Creek Watershed Advisory Group
BLM – Bureau of Land Management
BMP – Best Management Practice
BURP – Beneficial Use Reconnaissance Project
CAFO – Confined Animal Feeding Operation
CCRP – Continuous Conservation Reserve Program
CRM – Coordinated Resource Management
CWA – Clean Water Act
EDE – Environmental Design Engineers
EPA – United States Environmental Protection Agency
EQIP – Environmental Quality Incentives Program
GRP – Grassland Reserve Program
NRA – Flaming Gorge National Recreation Area
NRCS – Natural Resources Conservation Service
PIP – Project Implementation Plan
QA/QC – Quality Assurance/Quality Control
RMP – Resource Management Plan
RV – Recreational Vehicle
SAP – Sampling and Analysis Plan
SWCCD – Sweetwater County Conservation District
TMDL – Total Maximum Daily Load
UAA – Use Attainability Analysis
USGS – United States Geological Survey
WACD – Wyoming Association of Conservation Districts
WDEQ – Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality
WHIP – Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program
WQD – Water Quality Division of WDEQ
WRP – Wetland Reserve Program
WYPDES – Wyoming Pollution Discharge Elimination System
33
APPENDIX D - GLOSSARY
Allotment Management Plan (AMP) –An “allotment management plan” means a
document prepared in consultation with the lessees or permittees involved, which applies
to livestock operations on the public lands or on lands within National Forests in the
eleven contiguous Western States and which:
(1) prescribes the manner in, and extent to, which livestock operations will be conducted
in order to meet the multiple-use, sustained-yield, economic and other needs and
objectives as determined for the lands by the Secretary concerned; and
(2) describes the type, location, ownership, and general specifications for the range
improvements to be installed and maintained on the lands to meet the livestock grazing
and other objectives of land management; and
(3) contains such other provisions relating to livestock grazing and other objectives found
by the Secretary concerned to be consistent with the provisions of this Act and other
applicable law.
Animal Feeding Operations (AFO) - The term "animal feeding operation" (AFO) is
defined in the Code of Federal Regulations 40 CFR 122.23 (b) (1) as a lot or facility
where animals "have been, are or will be stabled or confined and fed or maintained for a
total of 45 days or more in any 12 month period and crops, vegetation forage growth, or
post-harvest residues are not sustained in the normal growing season over any portion of
the lot or facility."
Best Management Practices – or BMP’S are described as “Guidelines for managing the
use or a resource in a manner that protects the resource and promotes ecological and
economic sustainability.
Beneficial Use Reconnaissance Project – WDEQ water quality monitoring program
designed to collect scientifically sound chemical, physical, and biological monitoring
data to characterize stream integrity and determine support of designated uses using a
rapid screening-type approach.
Clean Water Act (CWA) 319 Grant -- Congress amended the Clean Water Act (CWA)
in 1987 to establish the section 319 Non-point Source Management Program because it
recognized the need for greater federal leadership to help focus State and local non-point
source efforts. Under section 319, State, Territories, and Indian Tribes receive grant
money which support a wide variety of activities including technical assistance, financial
assistance, education, training, technology transfer, demonstration projects, and
monitoring to assess the success of specific non-point source implementation projects.
Confined Animal Feeding Operations (CAFO) - A CAFO is defined in 40 CFR 122.23
appendix B as "an animal feeding operation where more than 1,000 'animal units' (as
defined by the regulation) are confined at the facility; or more than 300 animal units are
confined at the facility and either one of the following conditions are met: pollutants are
discharged into navigable waters through a man-made ditch, flushing system or other
similar man-made device; or pollutants are discharged directly into waters of the United
States which originate outside of and pass over, across, or through the facility or
otherwise come into direct contact with the animals confined in the operation."
Coordinated Resource Management (CRM) -- A Voluntary and Collaborative
Problem-Solving Process for Resource Management Issues. The CRM process helps
people manage natural resources in a productive, environmentally-friendly, and
economical manner, for the long term. It is a coalition-building process which involves
those using the resources in the decision making about those resources.
Credible data -- means scientifically valid chemical, physical and biological monitoring
data collected under an accepted sampling and analysis plan, including quality control,
quality assurance procedures and available historical data,
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E. coli - A rod shaped gram-negative bacillus (0.5 x 3-5 m) abundant in the large
intestine (colon) of mammals.
Fecal Coliform – a group of bacteria that are used as an indicator of pollution. They are
found in the excremental waste of warm blooded animals and are defined as rod shaped
bacteria that ferment lactose to form gas within 48 hours of being placed (Incubated) in
lactose broth at 35C.
Governor’s Non-point Source Pollution Task Force -- Wyoming Non-point Source
Task Force, a task force formed via executive order by former Governor Jim Geringer.
The task force is in charge of distributing about $1.5 million per year in Clean Water Act
funds for projects to clean up the state's waterways. The board is also charged with
updating Wyoming's Best Management Practices guidelines to reduce pollution and
habitat degradation. The grazing BMP is the next document to be to be updated.
Point source-- means any discernible, confined and discrete conveyance, including but
not limited to any pipe, ditch, channel, tunnel, conduit, well, discrete fissure, container,
rolling stock, concentrated animal feeding operation or vessel or other floating craft, from
which pollutants are or may be discharged.
Nonpoint source -- means any source of pollution other than a point source. For
purposes of W.S. 16-1-201 through 16-1-207 only, nonpoint source includes leaking
underground storage tanks as defined by W.S. 35-11-1415(a) (ix) and aboveground
storage tanks as defined by W.S. 35-11-1415(a) (xi).
Quality Assurance – is an integrated system of management procedures and activities
used to verify that the quality control system is operating within acceptable limits and to
evaluate the quality of data.
Quality Control – a system of technical procedures and activities developed and
implemented to produce measurements of requisite quality.
Total Maximum Daily Loads – is the amount of a pollutant that a water body can
receive and still meet water quality standards.
Section 303(d) List – identifies waters not meeting State water quality standards.
Section 305(b) Report – is an assessment of the States water quality and states the
degree to which each water body supports the designated uses of a States Water Quality
Standards.
Standards and Guidelines – Standards and guidelines may be administered by various
regulatory agencies for a variety of purposes. In general, with respect to water quality,
standards refer to specific numeric or narrative criteria that address health, safety and
environmental quality. In general, with respect to water quality, guidelines refer to
recommended practices for the implementation of reasonable, responsible, and cost
effective water quality management or water quality practices.
Use Attainability Analysis (UAA) -- means a structured scientific assessment of the
factors affecting the attainment of the use. The factors may include physical, chemical,
biological, and economic factors.
Natural Resource Conservation Service -- Natural Resources Conservation Service
(originally called the Soil Conservation Service) is a government agency providing
leadership in a partnership effort to help America's private land owners and managers
conserve their soil, water, and other natural resources.
Watershed -- A watershed is a landscape surface area that surrounds and drains to a
common water body such as a lake, small stream, or river basin system. Watersheds
provide useful and, often clearly defined landscape units for scientific assessments and
planned management actions.
Watershed Plan — The formulation of a plan, based on the concept of a Watershed, a
Water Basin, a Hydrologic Region, or a Hydrologic Study Area (HSA), with the intent to
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assess climatological conditions, inventory existing ground and surface water resources,
determine current water uses, project future socioeconomic and environmental demands
for those resources, and explore feasible water-balancing options, so as to maximize the
benefits to the inhabitants of a study area while simultaneously preserving and protecting
the region’s wildlife, habitat, and environmental conditions.
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APPENDIX E – REFERENCES CITED
EDE Consultants, 2006. Bitter Creek/Killpecker Creek Watersheds Study, 319(h) Grant
Project Report, 2004-2005 Monitoring Period.
Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality, Water Quality Division, Watershed
Program. Cheyenne, Wyoming, “Wyoming’s 2002 303 (d) List of Waters Requiring
TMDLs”. 2002.
Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality, Water Quality Division, Chapter 1
“Quality Standards for Wyoming Surface Waters”, 2001.
Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality, Surface Water Standards, Water
Quality Division, “Wyoming Surface Water Classification List”. 2001.
Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality, 2001b, Rules and Regulations, Water
Quality Division, Chapter I Quality Standards for Wyoming Surface Waters.
Lost Iguana Consulting Inc., Historical Water Quality Report for the Bitter Creek
Watershed, June 20, 2003.
EDE Consultants, 2003, Bitter and Killpecker Creek Supplemental Historic Analysis and
Monitoring Site Location Review.
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APPENDIX F – RESPONSE TO COMMENTS
June 7, 2006
c/o Doug Miyamoto, WACD
Sweetwater County Conservation District
79 Winston Drive, Suite 110
Rock Springs, WY 82901
RE: WDEQ comments on Draft Bitter and Killpecker Creeks Watershed Management
Plan
Dear Mr. Miyamoto:
Thank you for the opportunity to review this document. It is a very comprehensive and
well written watershed plan. I look forward to seeing the implementation of the Action
Items and the results of those efforts.
General Comments Some of the names do not seem do not have capitalizations
standard throughout the document. You may want to do a “search
and replace” on things like: Bitter/Killpecker Creek Watershed
Plan and the City of Rock Springs.
Replace e. coli with E. coli.
Response: Concur, the plan changed accordingly
Specific Comments
Page 2, Line 13.
The sentence that starts, “With success determined…” seems to be
misplaced or a fragment.
Response: Concur, the plan was changed accordingly
Page 3/4, Lines
47/7, 10.
I do not understand the use of [Addendum] in these locations.
Response: Concur, the plan was changed accordingly
Page 4, Line 48.
B/KWAG or BKWAG is not used consistently throughout the
document.
Response: The document was changed to consistently read “BKWAG”.
Page 6, Line 31.
It would be helpful to the public if you were to add a definition of
BURP to this line or add a definitions/acronym page to the
document.
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Response: A definition for “BURP” was added to the glossary section of the plan to
address this concern
Page 8, Line 28.
“To begin working toward the objective…” toward what
objective?
Response: Concur, the plan was changed accordingly
Page 8, Line 34.
I would suggest a comma inserted after strategy.
Response: Concur; the sentence was restructured for clarification.
Page 8, Line 41.
I would suggest removing the comma after spring.
Response: Concur, the plan was changed accordingly.
Page 8, Line 44.
I would suggest moving the dash to between so it reads, “included
in four 30-days sampling…”
Response: Concur, the plan was changed accordingly.
Page 9, Line 5.
Add a dash to 30-day geometric mean.
Response: Concur, the plan was changed accordingly.
Page 9, Line 9.
A range of 50% to 75% for the samples exceeded the 200-colony
limit. Does this mean 50% at one site and 75% at the other were
exceeded? This is not clear to me. Please clarify. If you are
combining all the samples at these two sites, then there should be
one percentage of exceedances for the group, not a range.
Response: Concur; the sentence was restructured for clarification.
Page 9, Line 12.
You may want to consider adding commas around, “when water
was present”.
Response: Concur, the plan was changed accordingly.
Page 10, Line 44.
I suggest some added language to improve the clarity of this
sentence, such as: “If it is determined by the BKWAG that the
previous Class 4 designation were accurate,”
Response: Concur; the sentences were restructured for clarification.
Page 11, Line 34-35. I understand what your point in these sentences, but additional
clarification would be beneficial. Suggested language, “influence
water quality through a reduction in excessive irrigation return
flow to surface water, thus reducing the bacterial and chloride
loading.
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Response: Concur; the sentence was restructured for clarification.
Page 11, Line 18.
Add a dash to off-site.
Response: Concur, the plan was changed accordingly
Page 11, Line 44.
I would suggest adding some language to this to clarify. An
example would be, “…in any BMP implementation is
economically feasible, a benefit to the objectives of the watershed
plan or required to meet WDEQ regulations.
Response: Concur, the plan was changed accordingly.
Page 13, Line 7.
A parenthetical phrase describing “in-fill projects” would be
helpful.
Response: Concur, the plan was changed accordingly.
Page 14, Line 11.
Another metric to determine effectiveness of your educational
outreach would be to ask each person that comes in for a grant or
grant information how they heard about the program. This would
tell you what outreach avenue is give you the best results.
Response: Concur, the plan was changed accordingly.
Page 14, Line 25.
This document will be distributed how?
Response: Concur; the objective was changed to clarify the distribution process.
Page 14, Line 26.
What venue is the booth be used at?
Response: Concur; the objective was changed for clarification
Page 14, Line 32.
Is this going to be a joint effort with the City of Rock Springs
Sewer Department?
Response: Yes, other entities will also be included and the plan was changed
accordingly.
Page 14, Line 38.
Delete the bullet.
Response: Concur, the plan was changed accordingly.
Page 15, Line 3.
Is this mailed to ALL county residents? If so, please state this.
Response: No, the plan was changed to indicate how residents will be updated regarding
watershed plan implementation.
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Page 15, Line 48.
Document/observe the Reliance Sewer District’s sewage treatment
pond response to the spill report issues by WDEQ/WQD. Copy
included.
Response: The BKWAG appreciates the information from WDEQ and are aware of the
water quality concerns at the Reliance Sewer and Water District. This is a
WDEQ compliance issue but the District will modify this watershed plan to
include implementation projects to reduce pollution risk if requested by the
Reliance Sewer and Water District. Contacting sewer and water districts
within the watershed is identified as an action item in this plan and those
districts will be informed of available assistance for water quality
improvement implementation opportunities.
Page 17, Line 35.
Correct the WWDEQ.
Response: Concur, the plan was changed accordingly.
Page 17, Line 42
May want to replace the “;” with a “:”.
Response: Concur, the plan was changed accordingly.
Page 18, Line 44.
If in the process of identifying permitted industrial facilities, you
find that some have surface water sampling or discharge sampling
requirements reportable to WDEQ; you can obtain and add this
information to your assessment and monitoring program for the
watersheds.
Response: Concur with the comment, no change to the document required.
Page 19, Line 20.
Please add language that addresses the inspection of the BLM wild
horse corral east of Highway 187, north of Rock Springs (aerial
photos and topo included).
Response: This section of the watershed plan addresses wild horse impacts on
rangeland. The Agricultural Impacts section of the plan addresses
AFO/CAFO issues. The action item was changed to include
contacting the BLM Operations Manager (responsible for BLM
horse facilities). The District also has Storm water Management
Plan on file for this facility.
Page 19, Line 40.
I would suggest adding another Action Item that includes
contacting the BLM to conduct an evaluation, in conjunction with
WDEQ, NRCS or whoever is appropriate and evaluate BMP needs
at this facility if there are any.
Response: See above response.
Please let me know if you need clarification on any of the items I have listed.
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Sincerely,
Don Newton
Watershed Planner
Enclosures:
Reliance spill report
Aerial photos and topo of BLM wild horse corral
Aerial photo of Reliance sewage ponds
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APPENDIX G – BKWAG MEMBERS & PLANNING TEAM
Bitter Creek/Killpecker Creek Watershed Advisory Group
Lisa Anselmi
John Arambel
Bob Arambel
Pete Arambel
John Arnoldi
Shawn Arnoldi
Justin Baldwin
Chad Banks
John Barton
Dan Beckermann
Mike Bilanzich
Eric Bingham
Tom Burris
Fran Carrier
John Cheese
Tom Clayson
Bill Coble
Randy Conner
John Corra
White Course
Laura Crandall
Lila Cross
Doris Davis
Teri Deakins
Carl Demshar
Jean Dickinson
Marc Dickinson
Dennis Doncaster
George Douzenis
Jack Doyle
Ginger Eaton
Chris Ellison
Mike Erickson
John Eversole
Daryl Fellbaum
Dee Findlay
Larry Folks
Diane Foster
Doug Freeman
David Freeman
Larry Fusselman
Mike Gaviotis
Kathy Gilbert
Dave Gomez
Darla Gosar
Paul Grasso
Susan Grasso
Helen Hafey
Randall Hall
Ted Hamilton
Dave Hanks
Norm Hargis
Alan Harris
Don Hartley
John Hay
Bill Hill
Mike Holbert
Gary Honeyman
Harry Horrn
Darin Howe
Guy Hulsey
Jill Jelaco
Wally Johnson
Angelo Kallas
Paul Kauchich
Tim Kaumo
Marc Kenley
Patty Kern
Neil Kourbelas
Karl Kronfuss
Bob LaFaivre
Arnie Lewis
Larry Lloyd
Bruce Macy
Jim Magagna
Joseph Manatos
Tom McCullough
Bill McCurtain
Brian McDermaid
Elwin McGrew
George McJunkin
Pat Mehle
Mike Meyer
David Moneyhun
Mike Moon
Stephen Mullaney
Lance Neef
Michelle Neeman
John Nelson
Bruce Nelson
Craig Nelson
Don Newton
Dave Oehmcke
Joe Oldfield
John Pallesen
Cory Patterson
Sam Pauli
Kent Porenta
Chris Prather
Mark Ransdell
Dave Rauzi
Shane Riding
Pat Robbins
Fred Roberts
Ken Routh
Pete Rust
Eric Schilt
Otto Schnauber
Jane Schnauber
Don Schramm
Steve Shea
Randy Shipman
Chuck Simek
Quintin Skinner
Jack Smith
Laural Sperry
George Stephen
Chuck Sykes
Bill Taliaferro
Ed Taliaferro
Lisa Tarufelli
David Tate
Mary Thoman
Tom Spicer MD
Judy Valentine
Jeff Varley
Roger Varley
Bill Volsic
Vess Walker
Randy Walker
Ted Ware
Bernie Weynand
Bobby White
Ken Wilbert
Betty Wilkinson
Harold Williams
Aaron Wire
Bruce Woodward
Bill Wyle
Jennifer Yeend
Ted York
Gary Zakotnik
Paul Zancanella
Aaron Zobell
Rob Zotti
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Planning Team
Doug Miyamoto, NRCS/WACD
Jason Fearneyhough, Wyoming Department of Agriculture – Western Regional Program Coordinator
Ginger Eaton – Sweetwater County Conservation District
Patty Romero, Sweetwater County Conservation District
Annette O. France, Sweetwater County Conservation District
Bruce Nelson and associates – Environmental Design Engineers
Sweetwater County Conservation District Board of Supervisors and Associate Supervisors
Thomas Burris
Lee Splett
Jean Dickinson
Bob Slagowski
Mary Thoman
Randy Shipman
Betty Wilkenson
George Stephen
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SIGNATURE PAGE
On ______________________________________ the Bitter Creek/Killpecker Creek Watershed Advisory
Group adopted the Bitter Creek/Killpecker Creek Watershed Plan as a method for addressing the water
quality concerns in the Bitter Creek and Killpecker Creek Watershed.
___________________________
___________________________
Jean Dickinson, BKWAG Co-Chair
Betty Wilkinson, BKWAG Co-Chair
The Sweetwater County Conservation District Board of Supervisors approved the Bitter Creek/ Killpecker
Creek Watershed Plan on _________________________.
___________________________
Thomas Burris, Supervisor
_______________________________
Jean Dickinson, Supervisor
___________________________
Mary Thoman, Supervisor
_______________________________
Lee Splett, Supervisor
___________________________
Bob Slagowski, Supervisor
The Bitter Creek/Killpeck Creek Watershed Plan was approved by the Wyoming Department of
Environmental Quality.
_______________________________________
Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality
___________________
Date
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