The Voice of
Transcription
The Voice of
YOUTH 5 The Voice of volume 90 e u s s I September/October 2011 A Publication for Slovene National Benefit Society Youth Members Autumn Splendor GREAT GHOULS! There’s nothing like classic horror for Halloween chills SUMMER RETURNS? With luck, maybe you’ll enjoy an Indian summer this year EVER WONDERED? Some really cool facts, just like the autumn weather “ Everyone must take time to sit and watch the leaves turn.” ~ Elizabeth Lawrence September/October page 1 what’s inside? 3 The Inner VOICE... 4 Unlucky 13 5 Fright Night Autumn O.K., so maybe you’re back in school already... but there’s still plenty to like about the fall season. Cool down after the summer heat and enjoy nature in its full array of color. You can create a spooky mood for Halloween this year with a little help from a classic horror film. 6-7 Indian Summer 8-9 Ever Wondered? here comes According to the superstitious, adding one to a dozen can only bring bad luck and trouble. Sometimes summer gets one last shot after the cooler days of autumn set in. We call it Indian summer. Who, what, where, when, why and how... some cool facts, just in time for the autumn months. 10 All About Slovenia 11 Coloring Contest 12 Voice Graffiti Slovenia’s Reformation Day: a national holiday Slovenians observe while we’re celebrating Halloween. Our young artists share their skills. 13-14 Voice Games 15 Voice Answer Page the DEADLINE for submissions to the November/December issue is October 10. We welcome your photos, stories, drawings and ideas. If you would like to submit any of these for publication, please send them to The Voice of Youth, 247 West Allegheny Road, Imperial, PA 15126. Make sure your name, age and Lodge or Circle number are included. Material may also be e-mailed to [email protected] or submitted from the Publications area of our web site, www.snpj.org. The Voice of YOUTH Volume 90 • Issue 5 staff the VOY Jay Sedmak Publications Editor Kimberly Gonzalez Associate Editor ... it’s about LIFE page 2 The Voice of Youth Vida Kosir Slovenian Editor T.M. Reg. U.S. Pat. Off. THE VOICE OF YOUTH (ISSN 0042-8256) (USPS 663-180) is published bi-monthly by the Slovene National Benefit Society (SNPJ), 247 West Allegheny Road, Imperial, PA 15126-9774, for its youth members. Annual domestic and foreign subscription rate is $8 per year. Entered as second class matter Jan. 20, 1945, under postal act of Aug. 24, 1912. Magazine began as MLADINSKI LIST in 1922. Postmaster: send address changes to The Voice of Youth, 247 West Allegheny Road, Imperial, PA 15126-9774. Periodical postage paid at Imperial, Pa., and additional mailing office. The Inne V o ice Getting a feel for the fall season r I t’s tough to think about fall while we’re still soaking up the last remaining rays of summer sunshine, but like it or not, autumn will be arriving in just a few short weeks. Sure, summer is quickly drawing to an end, but chances are you won’t notice much of a difference between late summer and fall until we’re well into the autumn season. For example, by late summer the days have already become noticably shorter, and the trees don’t have quite as many leaves as they did back in July and August. The new school year also begins in late summer, so you can’t even gage autumn’s arrival by the school calendar. Autumn can be a tricky season to figure out since it starts in mid-September and runs into mid-December, close to the holiday season. There’s a lot going on during the fall, far too much to list in this brief column. Fall is truely a season of transition, bridging the months-long gap between summer and winter. And with all the autumn activity we have to look forward to, we’re sure to remain occupied as we wind down after a hectic summer and start preparing for the coming winter season. The Voice of Youth staff will bid our final farewells to summer by congratulating our July/August coloring contest winner, 11-year-old Dimitri Napoleon, a member of Lodge 33 in Ambridge, Pa. Get a jump on your autumn by entering this issue’s coloring contest. We’d love to see your art work on display along our office walls! Here’s to a fantastic and fun autumn! We know you’ll be busy this fall, but we hope you’ll keep SNPJ and The Voice of Youth in your plans for the upcoming months. Work hard in school this semester, and we’ll see you again in November... just in time to celebrate the holidays together! Editor September/October page 3 Unlucky 13 D o you believe in superstitions? If you shy away from black cats, toss salt over your shoulder when you spill it or run for cover at the sight of a broken mirror, chances are you may be superstitious. But since superstitions are rooted in history and ancient beliefs, many common gestures once associated with a superstition – knocking on wood to prevent bad luck, for example – have become customary habits that we all tend to follow every once in a while. Then again, there are a few superstitions that we just can’t seem to shake, and of those, the belief that the number 13 is unlucky seems to be among the most popular. It’s hard to say just when, where or why people began to feel a certain uneasiness about the number 13, but there is no doubt that 13 makes some people very uncomfortable – even to the point that they fear the number itself. This fear, more precisely referred to as a phobia, is termed triskaidekaphobia and literally means “fear of the number 13.” Now before you laugh and declare that triskaidekaphobia is silly, consider this: most high-rise buildings and skyscrapers, both in the United States and abroad, do not number the 13th floor. Look at the elevator buttons or stair flight indicators and you’ll see – floor 12, floor 14, but no floor 13. The 13th floor is there, it just isn’t numbered... and all because of the unlucky 13 superstition. Experiencing a stretch of bad luck on Friday the 13th is another superstition directly related to the “unlucky” number 13. Paraskevidekatriaphobia (another phobia) is the term used to describe the fear of Friday the 13th in any month of the year. The next time you’re hanging out with some friends, count the number of people in your group (be sure to include yourself). If you come up with a total of 13, better keep the information to yourself. You wouldn’t want to alarm any of your superstitious friends, now would you? page 4 The Voice of Youth did you know? The Great Seal of the United States contains 13 olive leaves (along with 13 olives), 13 arrows and 13 stars. The pyramid on the reverse of the seal has 13 levels. Apollo 13 was the only unsuccessful lunar mission launched by the United States. One of the spacecraft’s oxygen tanks exploded on April 13, 1970, forcing the astronauts to return to earth. Traditionally, there are 13 steps leading up to a gallows (a hanging platform). Fright Night Set the mood for Halloween with a classic horror flick Who’s ready for Halloween? You have your costume picked out, you’ve mapped out your trick-or-treat route down to the very last push of the doorbell, and you’ve already made plans for all the candy you’ll receive. Now it’s time to set the mood for the day... and there’s nothing like a classic horror movie to chill your blood and get you in the mood for Halloween. We’re talking about “classic” movies here, so before you grab the nearest remote and start poking the buttons searching Netflix or OnDemand categories for scary movies, it might be a good idea to do a quick web search for “classic horror movie listing” and see some of the film titles recommended by movie experts and film enthusiasts. And please keep the ratings in mind as you’re scrolling through the titles – mom and dad won’t appreciate the fact that you’re watching an R- or NR-rated film even if you’re trying to create some Halloween atmosphere at home. O.K., so now that we have the gound rules set, it’s time to start digging. Most of the horror movie listings you’ll find will be broken down by decade, which is a great idea... until you want to actually watch a movie from, say, the 1910s. Sure, they’re out there, but they’re tough to find. It’s probably best to stick to well-known titles – like “Frankenstein,” “Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde,” or “the Phantom of the Opera” – or famous actors – Lon Chaney, Vincent Price or Bela Lugosi, for example. Many of these famous films will be available for rental, and it’s certain that all will give you the true feel of a horror classic. Since Halloween is just around the corner, it might be just as easy to stay up late some Friday or Saturday night and tune into a classic or retro-movie channel (something like “American Movie Classics” or “Turner Movie Classics”) for some real classic horror, along with some expert commentary. Since it’s television, you may have to put up with a few commercial breaks, but who cares? You’ll need to refill that popcorn bowl sometime! Hoping to set the mood for Halloween this year? You can’t miss with a classic horror movie, such as “Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde,” “Frankenstein,” or the original film version of “Phantom of the Opera.” September/October page 5 Indian Summer F or those of us who live in areas that reflect all four seasons of the year, sometimes it’s hard to imagine anything more beautiful than an autumn day: a cool, crisp morning followed by a breezy – but comfortable – afternoon, and ending with a night perfect for sleeping. Days like that are like something out of a dream. Just weeks into the fall season, however, the weather really makes a remarkable change. Those cool mornings turn downright chilly, the fair autumn breezes gather strength, and the nights become longer and colder as the days drift along into late October and on into November. And then, every once in while, the winds calm considerably, the skies turn bright blue again, and the bright sunshine blazes in unparalleled glory. It’s almost as if some magical force has turned the calendar back to August, and we all enjoy a summer-like stretch of days. It’s no wonder, then, that these periods of warmer weather sandwiched between the colder weeks of autumn are referred to as Indian summer. From a meteorological standpoint, autumn is a transitional season that bridges the turbulent, stormy period of late summer and the severe weather of winter that is yet to arrive. Nowadays, thanks to advances in meteorological science and a better understanding of typical weather patterns, Indian summer is def ined as a stretch of “unseasonably warm, dry and calm weather ushered in on a south or southwesterly breeze, usually following a period of colder weather or frost in the late autumn.” Most sources agree that during a true Indian summer, temperatures must be above 70 degrees Fahrenheit for a period of at least seven days after the autumnal equinox, which occurs between September 21 and 24, depending on the year. Basically, we can recognize Indian summer by above-average temperatures and dry, hazy conditions in late October, and even as late as mid-November. de Crèvecoeur: the American identity “What then is the American, this new man?...He is an American, who, leaving behind him all his ancient prejudices and manners, receives new ones from the new mode of life he has embraced, the new government he obeys, and the new rank he holds. ...Here individuals of all races are melted into a new race of man, whose labors and posterity will one day cause great changes in the world. Americans are the western pilgrims.” (J. Hector St. John de Crèvecoeur from “Letter III,” 1782) When J. Hector St. John de Crèvecoeur wrote his collection of Letters from an American Farmer in the late 1700s, little did he know that he was beginning to establish the American identity. Through a fictional narrator named James, de Crèvecoeur described his life in the New World and the successes of the American people to British and French audiences. His book was wildly popular throughout Europe and helped make de Crèvecoeur a celebrated literary figure of the late 18th century. page 6 The Voice of Youth The term “Indian summer” was first recorded in 1778 by a French-American soldier and farmer named J. Hector St. John de Crèvecoeur. In his collection of writings, most of which were eventually assembled into a book titled “Letters from an American Farmer,” de Crèvecoeur penned his observations of the weather he was experiencing as follows: “...then a severe frost succeeds which prepares it to receive a voluminous coat of snow which is soon to follow, though it is often preceded by a short period of smoke and mildness called the Indian Summer.” We now recognize de Crèvecoeur’s description as the tell-tale signs of an Indian summer – his “smoke” refers to the haze, and his “mildness,” well, that pretty much speaks for itself. Since de Crèvecoeur used the phrase “called the Indian Summer” in his writings, it’s pretty obvious that he didn’t coin the term Indian summer. Sadly, over the course of the centuries it appears as though the first mention of Indian summer has long been forgotten, if it was ever noted at all. A number of theories have been suggested for the name, but none has ever been explained sufficiently to deserve that honor. And while de Crèvecoeur can take credit for being the first to document an Indian summer in the Americas, he certainly wasn’t the first to identify the unseasonably warm late-autumn weather. By the end of the 18th century, just several years after de Crèvecoeur identified the pattern of an Indian summer in North American, the Farmer’s Almanac began publishing the once-famous saying, “If All Saints brings out winter, Saint Martin’s brings out Indian summer.” In this saying, All Saints Day (November 1) represents the coming of winter, and an Indian summer could occur any time after Saint Martin’s Day (November 11). The references to All Saints Day and Saint Martin’s Day stretch across the Atlantic Ocean to Europe, where both religious holidays were celebrated annually. This very same unseasonably warm autumn weather that de Crèvecoeur described as “Indian Summer” had been observed centuries before all across Europe – the Germans called it “Goldener Oktober;” the Swedes, “Brittsommar;” the Russians (and some Slavic nations) knew it as “Old Ladies Summer;” and in England, France, Italy, Portugal and Spain it was referred to as “Saint Martin’s Summer.” When P U S H comes to F A L L How trees lose their leaves in the autumn There probably isn’t a more appropriate name for a season than fall. The reason is pretty obvious. Just take a look around sometime in October and November when the leaves have fallen from the trees – they’re everywhere! Oak, maple, elm, birch... you name the tree, and it’s a good bet you’ll find its leaves covering the ground and carried on the breeze. Sure, it’s easy to scoop up hundreds, even thousands, of colorful leaves in the fall, but did you ever wonder why and how all those leaves fell to begin with? The answer is probably a little different than you might imagine. First off, leaves don’t simply “fall” from their host trees or get blown off by the wind; it would be more precise to say that a tree “pushes” its leaves away from its branches. When the weather cools at the beginning of autumn, leaf-dropping trees send a chemical message to each leaf to let it know that fall has arrived and it’s time for them to go. The trees then grow a thin layer of abscission cells, and just like a pair of scissors, these cells make a cut where the leaf stems meet each tree branch. Once the abscission cells are in place, a thin, bumpy layer of cells forms on each leaf stem to help “heal” the cut caused by the abscission cells. These new cells literally push the leaf away from the branch at the stem. From then on, it’s just a matter of time before the leaf will drop to the ground, sometimes – but not always – with the aid of the slightest breeze. So here’s one other reason to enjoy the season of autumn: you can always hope to catch one last gasp of summer weather during Indian summer. But don’t put away those jackets and sweaters just yet; sometimes an Indian summer is as magical as it seems – it may come once or twice in the same year, and then again it may not come at all. In other words, now you see it... now you don’t. September/October page 7 ? d e r e d n o W r e v E The next time you hear “Happy Birthday” in a film, be sure to watch for the names of Mildred and Patty Hill in the closing credits. WHO wrote “Happy Birthday”? Guinness World Records tells us that “Happy Birthday” is the most recognized song in the English langauge. But for a song that’s so well known, its exact origin is a little unclear. What we do know for sure, though, is that the song’s melody was written by sisters Patty and Mildred Hill. The original song, titled “Good Morning to You,” was written as a simple song for students to learn and sing as a greeting at the beginning of each school day. No one is quite sure who thought of the birthday lyrics or when those words were set to the tune of the Hills’ song, but the “Happy Birthday” song first appeared in print in a 1924 children’s song book as the second verse of “Good Morning to You.” Eventually, the second verse became more popular than the first through its association with birthday celebrations, a tradition that continues today. WHAT are the most popular names in the U.S.? We are all unique in our own ways, but there are some things we just can’t avoid having in common. You may know one or two (or more!) people who share your name. Maybe it’s just a coincidence, or maybe your name is more common than you think. According to data compiled from the Social Security Administration, the most popular names in the U.S. in 2010 were Jacob for males and Isabella for females. Jacob has held the number one spot on the U.S. list since 1991, and Isabella is also popular in Australia, New Zealand and Denmark. Other names topping the lists include: Ethan, Michael, Jayden, William, Alexander, Noah, Daniel, Aiden and Anthony; and Sophia, Emma, Olivia, Eva, Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines foliage as “a cluster of leaves, Emily, Abigail, Madison, flowers and braches.” From its definition, you can understand why this Chloe and Mia. word is most commonly used to describe scenes of fall, the season WHERE is the best view of fall foliage? characterized by its natural beauty. Each autumn season, spectators from all over travel to New England, an area of the United States most famously known for its exceptional fall foliage. The states of Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont attract billions of dollars each season thanks to the many tourists who plan perfectly-timed trips to take in the sights. New England has turned its natural assets into an industry, but you don’t always need to travel to enjoy a picturesque autumn landscape. This fall, take note of the foliage in your own back yard... you just might be surprised! page 8 The Voice of Youth In 2010 the most popular names in Slovenia were Luka and Jan for males, and Nika and Eva for females. WHEN is Make a Difference Day? Annually on the fourth Saturday in October, participants from across the country roll up their sleeves and lend a hand in honor of Make a Difference Day. Millions of people participate each year in this national day of helping fo others. Young and old alike tackle projects that help out oo or their friends, neighbors, communities and even complete e! strangers. From food and clothing drives to community clean-ups, no project is too small. The SNPJ is a supporter of Make a Difference Day and encourages all of its members to take part. Does your Lodge have a project planned? Why not get something started today! Record your experience in words and photos – we’d love to Beginning in the 1700s, a forecaddy was a person know how you made hired by golfers to walk ahead of play and keep a difference! track of where the golfer’s shot landed. Before the golfer teed off, he would shout “forecaddy!” to alert his assistant that the ball was headed his way. Forecaddies are still used today, but usuYouth Circle 104 members held a garage ally only during professional golf tournaments, sale to raise money for a local charity as their 2010 Make a Difference Day project. where they are more commonly referred to as spotters. Usage of the forecaddy warning has also changed. The term was eventually shortened to fore – which in golf lingo translates to “heads up!” or “watch out!” – and is only yelled if a ball is traveling a path that could put an unsuspecting player in danger. WHY do golfers yell “fore”? HOW true is the saying “An elephant never forgets”? At roughly 11 pounds, an elephant’s brain is the largest of any land animal. Of course, brain size doesn’t necessarily equal brain function, but elephants have proven to be among the most intelligent in the animal kingdom. Researchers have done extensive studies of elephant behavior and have concluded that elephants really do have a powerful memory. Through observation, scientists have learned that an elephant clan will follow the same path during their migrations; they are able to recognize humans and other elephants even after years of separation; and they can identify dangers or threats from their prior experiences. So while the saying “An elephant never forgets” may be a tad far-fetched, these gray giants certainly have a memory as long as their trunks! Elephants have a sharp ear and a keen sense of smell, traits that help compensate for their poor vision. September/October page 9 all about Slovenia Reformation Day: a Slovenian national holiday, on Halloween Can you imagine a national holiday for Halloween? Since you wouldn’t have to go to school, you’d have all day to prepare for trick-or-treat. Wouldn’t that be nice? Believe it or not, the date of October 31 is a national holiday in Slovenia, but unlike our traditional Halloween festivities, Slovenians are celebrating a much more meaningful holiday while we’re out begging door-to-door for candy. Since 1992, Slovenia has recognized Reformation Day (dan reformacije, in Slovenian) as a national holiday each October 31. Although you’re probably not familiar with this holiday, Reformation Day marks the beginnings of religious reform across Europe. And for Slovenians, Reformation Day is also celebrated in honor of the development of the Slovenian language, nation and culture. One of the key reforms the leaders of the 16th century Reformation introduced allowed people to worship in their native language. A Protestant priest in Slovenia, Primož Trubar, took advantage of these sweeping reforms and introduced a common language across Slovenian territory by publishing two books in the new Slovenian language: “Abecedarium,” a spelling book, and “Catechismus,” a prayer book. Trubar’s work, and the Reformation movement in general, helped Slovenia’s nation-building efforts centuries later, and to this day Slovenia recognizes the Reformation by celebrating a national holiday. Slovenian Language Let’s learn some Slovenian phrases. In order to learn any language we must first learn to pronounce the letters. At the bottom of this section, the letters and examples of how they are to be pronounced are listed. In the first column is the letter, the second column the pronunciation and the third column an example of the sound in English. After each phrase listed, a phonetic pronunciation is given as a guide for you. a b c č d e f g h i j k a ba tsa cha da a fa ga ha e ya ka above ball cats chart dog bay five good happy east yo-yo cake l m n o p r s š t u v z ž la ma na o pa ra sa sha ta oo wa za zha love my no old paper red son shoe tar flute water zoo treasure Cooler days ahead... We don’t have homework on the first day of school. Na prvi dan šole nimamo nič domače naloge. na per•vee dan show•le nee•ma•mow neech doe•ma•che na•low•ge I need a new jacket to wear in the mornings. Jaz rabim nov jopič za zjutraj. yaz ra•beem no yo•peech za zyoo•try The leaves turn very colorful in October V oktobru se listje spremeni v lepe barve. va ok•tow•brew say leest•ye spray•may•nee oo lay•pe bar•ve Primož Trubar is forever immortalized on the face of Slovenia’s one-Euro coin. page 10 The Voice of Youth Fall is my favorite season of the year. Jesen je moj najljubši letni čas v letu. ye•sen ye moy nigh•lube•shee late•nee chas oo lay•too This spider dropped in and tried to cause a scare, but didn’t realize that his web had been destroyed. Grab your pencil and create a safe landing spot for our eight-legged friend. Add a little color and some design, and you just might win this issue’s coloring contest. Send your entries to The Voice of Youth, 247 West Allegheny Road, Imperial, PA 15126. All entries must be received by October 10. Colo Corn er ring Name___________________________e-mail___________________________Lodge______Age____ September/October page 11 graffiti voice Frank Snyder Borough of SNPJ, Pa. Lodge 776 Age 9 Kennedy Jones Warren, Ohio, Lodge 321 Age 5 Dimitri Napoleon Ambridge, Pa. Lodge 33 Age 11 Emma Snyder Borough of SNPJ, Pa., Lodge 776 Age 13 Truman Snyder Borough of SNPJ, Pa., Lodge 776 Age 11 Brooklynn Jones Borough of SNPJ, Pa., Lodge 776 Age 8 page 12 The Voice of Youth Voic e Sear ch -pen s -pap er -tap e -glu e Wor d Back to School Use the list below as a shopping guide for back to school supplies h t j t p z h u q g m l u n c h b o x l e i x f y f o l d e r d x i m f m a n v t h g t b g z a b i n c l c a n c a q b j d u h v d a x s y t b s t a p l e r m y a i g BACKPACK BINDER CALCULATOR CALENDAR DICTIONARY ERASER FOLDER l h h v c q t h n k p l o n e k p t l c q i g m b i k r e c l r c p c m e l r s t p g j g c s e p s a o o u p a n r b e k i l h k i n d r l a z q r l t z p d u y o o m t d f d i d p u c i e a a j t e v l t n z e i p k u n u r p k d t y s m u r u e a n r c k e q o t u f b n o s f c q w c p r x l a z i w t o s i d c r m i v i g o l y b GLUE HIGHLIGHTER INK PEN LUNCH BOX MARKER NOTEBOOK PAPERCLIP p l a n n e r h g f p t v g c h s k e i c r e c o g b s g i n e a g m e r a s e r p t n n s r o l h n c n n c l p r h l o t s y d b l t o a v k x c r p d u t b t y r d b a n d m k j b p b i e r v o e i a b s s n r m f n y v x e f l h i g e n d p n b n h u q g z b n t n g g x e b i n d e r t q PENCIL PLANNER RULER SCISSORS STAPLER TAPE THESAURUS September/October page 13 A sure sign of AUTUMN The leaves are falling all around, and that can only mean one thing... autumn is well on its way! We’ve found an almost perfect leaf to display for the fall season, now you just have to find your way through the maze before the winter winds carry our leaf away! start 1 voice of youth CROSSWORD puzzle 2 3 4 7 9 8 11 10 12 Autumn’s in the Air 5 6 finish 11 ACROSS 1. Small, round, green vegetable in a pod 3. Type of soda pop, ____ beer 4. Opposite of off 6. Friday, Saturday and Sunday 9. “Trick or _____!” 12. Opposite of yes 13. It shines brightly in the autumn night sky 13 See page 15 for the crossword solution page 14 The Voice of Youth DOWN 1. Tool used to prepare soil for planting 2. To list by number, or Dracula’s title 3. Tool to collect leaves 5. You’ll catch more fish with one of these 7. Earned run average, or a period of time 8. North, south, ____, west 10. Opposite of out 11. This ___ that answers Page 13 — Back to School Looking for your submission? Page 14 — A Sure Sign of Autumn Chances are you missed our deadline! Submission deadlines are published in each Voice of Youth issue. If you’re worried about mail delivery, why not try a fax to (724) 695-1555 or an e-mail to [email protected]? The deadline for the November/December issue is October 10! Page 14 — Voice Crossword P E A C L R O O O N A T U W E E K E N D T R E A T A I N O S S O T A R Autumn’s in the Air Thanksgiving • Christmas • The Holiday Season Do you have Voice material? Address all Voice of Youth submissions to: The Voice of Youth 247 West Allegheny Road Imperial, PA 15126 September/October page 15 PERIODICAL MATERIAL We want YOU! to contribute to The Voice of Youth Do you like to write? Draw? Win contests? Then why not submit your material to The Voice of Youth? We would love to hear from you. Send your submissions to The Voice of Youth, 247 West Allegheny Road, Imperial, PA 15126. See page 2 for submission details, and send in your material today! page 16 The Voice of Youth