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IlumiNASYON: International Year of Light 2015
A multi-disciplinary symposium on LIGHT
March 9 & 16, 2015
National Institute of Physics - Auditorium
College of Science, UP Diliman
Quezon City!
In celebration of the International Year of Light 2015, the National Institute of Physics and the College of Science,
University of the Philippines Diliman present IlumiNASYON, a public symposium about light. IlumiNASYON is
envisaged as a multi-disciplinary conference where light researchers and enthusiasts from the different disciplines (arts,
natural and social sciences, engineering and medicine, etc.), working on the small (molecules and atoms) to the very
large (cosmos) can share insights, experiences and, more importantly exchange ideas about light for possible future
collaborations. The convenor of IlumiNASYON is Professor Dr. Caesar Saloma (ICO Galileo Galilei Award 2004).
This Symposium Proceedings (color online) contains all the presentation abstracts as well as the biographies of the
presentors. Included also are description of the optics exhibit and some artistic-scientific images showing different
optical spectacles. Soft copy may be accessed via www.nip.upd.edu.ph. Like us at Facebook IYL 2015 Pilipinas.
Table of Contents
Program
Messages
Oral Presentations: A1 – A5
Poster Presentations: P1 – P5
pp. 1 - 2
3-5
6 – 12
13 – 17
Oral Presentations: B1 – B6
Oral Presentations: C1 – C5
Oral Presentations: D1 – D5
Optics Exhibit and Images
18 – 23
24 – 28
29 – 33
34 - 36
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On the dates…
Albert Einstein (14 Mar 1879 - 18 Apr 1955) (Person of the Century, TIME) German physicist who revolutionized our
understanding of light and gravity. He was awarded Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for his explanation of the photoelectric
effect. IlumiNASYON is held during the week of the 136th birth anniversary of Albert Einstein. “For the rest of my life I
will reflect on what light is.” — Albert Einstein (1917). Quoted in Sidney Perkowitz, Empire of Light (1999), 69.
Scientific Posters and Optics Exhibit:
Scientific posters and optics demonstration setups are located at the NIP lobby. The exhibit features demonstration setups
and hands-on experiments of some basic optical effects for everybody to “see”. The exhibitors are undergraduate optics
students at the NIP. During the poster sessions, the participants can interact substantially with the researchers. Intimate
discussions and endless coffee at the exhibition area can provide illuminating insights and a little extra something for the
students and the curious light enthusiasts.
About the Outside Front Cover:
The spirit of IYL Pilipinas shines through the Pandanggo sa Ilaw folk dance which shows
how light is wonderfully woven into our rich Filipino culture. Pandanggo sa Ilaw dancers demonstrate grace and skills during their
breathtaking manipulations and balancing of lighted lamps. Image shows the UP Filipiniana Dance Group members in a relaxed yet
dignified countenance wearing proudly their colorful costumes during the rehearsals for IlumiNASYON at the NIP Auditorium. Image also
shows the jeepney with its bright colors and IYL embellishment. Many still consider the jeepney as the ultimate King of the Road.
About the Outside Back Cover:
Neurons and astrocytes from mouse embryonic brain. Mouse neural stem cells in
neurospheres were cultured for 6 days and subjected to double immune-staining using a monoclonal antibody against Glial Fibrillary
Acidic Protein (GFAP) and a rabbit polyclonal antibody against neuro-filament proteins. Astrocytes (glia) and neurons are visualized,
respectively in GREEN and RED, using the fluorochromes Alexa Fluor 488 and Alexa Fluor 647. Cell nuclei are stained with Hoechst
33342 (BLUE). (Photo-credit. CPSaloma, Oro and Christian Roaquin. All images were taken and processed at the Multidimensional
Imaging Center (MDIC), TIC, College of Science, UP Diliman.)
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Acknowledgements:!
Co-Presentor and Major Sponsor:
Office of the Dean
College of Science, UP Diliman
!
Partners:!
Samahang!Pisika!ng!Pilipinas!
Phil.!Foundation!for!Physics,!Inc.!
UPD!OVCRD,!UP!System,!DOST!NRCP,!!PCIEERD!
Special!Thanks!to:!
UP! Astronomical! Society,! UP! Physics!
Association,!NIP!Admin!support!staff!members,!
NIP!Photonics!Group!
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The National Institute of Physics
!!!!!!!!!!
and the
College of Science
University of the Philippines Diliman
present
IlumiNASYON: International Year of Light 2015:
A multi-disciplinary symposium on LIGHT
March 9, 2015 (Part 1, 8:30a-12nn) and March 16, 2015 (Part 2, 8:30a-12nn)
NIP Auditorium (Intel Center for Science Innovation), Nat’l Science Complex, UP Diliman
Quezon City
PROGRAM
Part I, March 9, 2015
8:30a
Mar 9
Registration
Opening Program
Welcome Remarks
Keynote Message
Dr. Roland V. Sarmago (Director, NIP)
Dr. Caesar A. Saloma (Convenor, IlumiNASYON)
ORAL PRESENTATIONS: A (Moderator: Dr. Arnel Salvador, NIP)
A1 Shedding Light on the Nature of Light: Issues and Challenges in Teaching Optics
p.
Giovanni Tapang (National Institute of Physics, UP Diliman, Quezon City)
A2 Visual Choreography: “Movement Without Movement”
Roselle Pineda (Department of Art Studies, UP Diliman, Quezon City)
A3 Seeing and investigating things with invisible terahertz light
Elmer Estacio (National Institute of Physics, UP Diliman, Quezon City)
A4 Visible Light, UV and Infrared: Recent Advances on Skin Effects and Photoprotection
Vermén M. Verallo-Rowell (VMV Skin Research Centre + Clinics Photodermatology Lab., Makati City)
A5 Ang Liwanag sa mga Wika sa Pilipinas: Ilang Inisyal na Salin at Tala
Rommel Rodriguez (Sentro ng Wikang Filipino , UP Diliman, Quezon City)
10:00a
Mar 9
ORAL PRESENTATIONS: B (Moderator: Dr. May Lim, NIP)
B1 Sinematograpiya bilang Biswal at Ideolohikal na Wika ng Representasyong Pampelikula…
Choy Pangilinan (Film Institute, College of Mass Communication, UP Diliman, Quezon City)
B2 Light in Urban Design and Community Architecture
Jose Danilo A. Silvestre (College of Architecture, UP Diliman, Quezon City)
B3
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9
10
POSTER SESSION, Coffee Break, Exhibits, Group Picture Taking I (Main Lobby, NIP)
POSTER PRESENTATIONS:
P1 Holograms Using Tunable Diffuse Light
Percival F. Almoro (National Institute of Physics, UP Diliman, Quezon City)
P2 Detecting Light Through Semiconductors
Armando Somintac (National Institute of Physics, UP Diliman, Quezon City)
P3 Observation of Biofluorescent Crossbands in Philippine Shrub Snake (Oxyrhabdium leporinum)
Arvin C. Diesmos (Herpetology Section Zoology Division, National Museum of the Philippines, Manila)
P4 Light and Plasma
Henry Ramos (National Institute of Physics, UP Diliman, Quezon City)
P5 Light Pulses for Spectroscopy and Waveguides
Wilson O. Garcia (National Institute of Physics, UP Diliman, Quezon City)
10:30a
Mar 9
6
LiDAR: Harnessing the Interaction of Light with the Atmosphere
Maria Cecilia D. Galvez (Physics Dep’t, College of Science, De La Salle Univ., Taft Avenue, Manila)
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IlumiNASYON:!International!Year!of!Light!2015!
National!Institute!of!Physics,!College!of!Science,!University!of!the!Philippines!Diliman,!Quezon!City,!Philippines!
March!9!and!16,!2015!
1!
13
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17
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20
B4
B5
B6
12:00nn
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Optics in Art and Art Analysis
Maricor Soriano (National Institute of Physics, UP Diliman, Quezon City)
Using Light To Probe Life
Rommel G. Bacabac (Department of Physics, University of San Carlos, Cebu City)
Of Lights and Shadows
Anino Shadow Play Collective (Manager: Teny Arellano, Greater Fairview, Quezon City)
End of Part I
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PROGRAM
Part II, March 16, 2015
8:30a
Opening Remarks
Dr. Jose Maria P. Balmaceda (Dean, College of Science)
Mar 16
ORAL PRESENTATIONS: C (Moderator: Dr. Giovanni Tapang, NIP)
C1 “Light” and the 1896 Philippine Revolution
24
Maria Bernadette L. Abrera (Department of History, UP Diliman, Quezon City)
C2 Lighting the way with GFP: How Green Fluorescent Proteins Revolutionized the Study of Cell Bio. 25
Cynthia Palmes-Saloma (National Inst. of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, P Diliman, Quezon City)
C3 Seeing Things in a New Light
26
Nathaniel P. Hermosa II (National Institute of Physics, UP Diliman, Quezon City)
C4 Entangled Photons
27
Francis N. C. Paraan (National Institute of Physics, UP Diliman, Quezon City)
C5 Elastomeric Optics
28
Raphael Guerrero (Department of Physics, Ateneo De Manila University, Loyola Heights, Quezon City)
10:00a
POSTER SESSION, Coffee Break, Exhibits, Group Picture Taking II (Main Lobby, NIP)
Mar 16
10:30a
Mar 16
11:45a
ORAL PRESENTATIONS: D (Moderator: Dr. Nathaniel P. Hermosa II, NIP)
D1 Espasyong Maaliwalas: Articulations of Light in Philippine Architecture
Gerard Rey Lico (College of Architecture, UP Diliman, Quezon City)
D2 Light is particle and wave - and everything in between
Eric Galapon (National Institute of Physics, UP Diliman, Quezon City)
D3 Slower light in free space (VIDEO CAST)
Jacquiline Romero (School of Physics and Astro., SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK)
D4 Light and the Cosmos
Jose Perico Esguerra (National Institute of Physics, UP Diliman, Quezon City)
D5 Pandanggo sa Ilaw
UP Filipiniana Dance Group (Artistic Director: Peter Alcedo, Jr., Coll. of Hum. Kinetics, UPD, QC)
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Awarding of the Best Artistic-Scientific Images / Announcement of upcoming IYL Activities
Closing Remarks
Dr. Percival F. Almoro (Chair, IlumiNASYON)
Emcees: Mr. Nestor Bareza, Jr. and Ms. Cherrie May M. Olaya
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March!9!and!16,!2015!
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NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
University of the Philippines
Diliman, Quezon City 1101 Metro-Manila
Tel. No. (632) 920-9749
Fax. No. (632) 928-0296
MESSAGE
The International Year of Light is a worldwide initiative adopted by the United Nations
to raise awareness of how optical technologies promote sustainable development and to
provide solutions to worldwide challenges in energy, education, agriculture,
communications and health. The pertinent UN resolution proclaiming the IYL 2015 was
adopted on 20 December 2013 during the 68th Session of the UN General Assembly.
ILUMINASYON is our joint contribution to the IYL 2015. The enthusiastic responses
that we have received from colleagues working in a wide range of academic disciplines
indicate that light energy from its generation and control to its detection, is an important
theoretical as well as practical concern that has interested many of us. Light has played a
recurrent role in the development of Philippine society and in the formation of Filipino
culture and tradition – from the flickering candlelights that trace a Holy Week procession
to the mighty discomfort of blackouts in the summer months. Light symbolizes eternal
hope – the chase for that proverbial glimmering light at the end of a long dark tunnel has
kept us working for a better life.
We wish to thank Dr Percival Almoro whose infectious enthusiasm and single-minded
determination are the main reason that made ILUMINASYON into a reality. We are also
grateful of the valuable financial support of the National Institute of Physics and the
Office of the Dean of the College of Science, UP Diliman.
We thank the speakers, contributors and participants of ILUMINASYON especially our
colleagues from outside UP Diliman for taking the time to celebrate with us the
International Year of Light.
Mabuhay ang Pilipinas!
Caesar Saloma
Convenor, ILUMINASYON
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
Diliman, Quezon City 1101 Metro-Manila
Tel. No. (632) 920-9749
Fax. No. (632) 928-0296
MESSAGE
The United Nations General Assembly declared 2015 as the International Year of Light to
raise global consciousness on the potential of light-based technologies in leading a
sustainable development and in providing solutions to global challenges. Indeed, light has
prominently figured in modern technologies and societies have continued to reap the
benefits derived from this light energy. Our ability to handle and manipulate light in
various optical phenomena determines how our society moves forward to envision and
mold our environment in this part of the globe, communicate and link with those around
us, diagnose and cure ails that beset us, among myriad of possibilities, even provide
enrichment to our culture, economic and political life.
The National Institute of Physics of the College of Science, University of the Philippines
Diliman joins the international community in celebrating the triumphs that have been
gained in the understanding of light. We join in the recognition of the primary importance
that light energy plays in the overall progress and development of our society. We stand
with the whole community of artists, researchers and developers of light-based
technologies to push on and go further.
IlumiNASYON is our way of highlighting our efforts and our contributions to the world
as we continue to increase our understanding of light. IlumiNASYON was conceived and
developed as a multi-disciplinary symposium about light. Although there seem to be a
universality in the way people of all nations use light, there are still ways of interacting
with light considered unique to a particular region or locality. These universal and local
ways of processing light are the real valuable lessons we all want to learn about. The high
number, quality and diversity of the presentations indicate that light and light-based
endeavors cut across many disciplines. They show also that we Filipinos as global citizens
are doing very well in advancing the knowledge and utilization of light. The gathering of
the various interests and causes that deal with light should be an enlightening experience
both individually as well as communally.
Again, we enjoin everybody to support the International Year of Light 2015. We hope
you have a fun and relaxed experience at IlumiNASYON – our own Filipino brand of IYL.
Mabuhay po tayong lahat!
Roland V. Sarmago, Ph.D.
NIP Director
COLLEGE OF SCIENCE
Diliman, Quezon City 1101
Philippines
U.P. Trunkline
981-8500 loc. 3801/3802
Tel. No. (632) 924-7392
OFFICE OF THE DEAN
Fax No. (632) 924-7674
E-mail: [email protected]
MESSAGE
My warmest greetings to all the participants of IlumiNASYON – our university’s inaugural
contribution to the worldwide celebration of the International Year of Light and Light-based
Technologies. This 2015, all around the globe, activities at the local, national, and international
levels, will be highlighting the central role and importance of light in science and culture, and how
advances in optical technologies help provide solutions to many of society’s problems.
The symposium will be a wonderful opportunity for our experts to examine how light and its
applications influence their respective disciplines. It is worth noting that the speakers include not
only physicists, but also faculty and researchers from the arts and humanities, architecture, history,
the life and biological sciences, among others. Consequently, the unity of all knowledge is affirmed
and the need for academics to cross borders is underscored.
The poet John Keats was horrified when the great Isaac Newton explained the colors of the
rainbow through refraction. Keats complained, through poetry of course, that the mathematical
explanation robbed these marvels of nature of their magic. Indeed, the formal and technical
language of the sciences often leads to disenchantment with science and mathematics, and the
scientific community recognizes its failings in this regard. One of the aims, therefore, of symposia
and activities like IlumiNASYON is to address these gaps in the public awareness and
understanding of the sciences. Hopefully, after the symposium, one could better understand why
mathematicians and scientists find so much beauty in their subject matter – and why equations,
formulas and esoteric theory provide as much romance and sensual imagery, as say, Keats’
delightful odes.
On behalf of the College of Science, I thank the convener, organizers, speakers, sponsors
and the symposium’s host, the National Institute of Physics, for undertaking this momentous
activity. I look forward to a successful meeting and an uplifting celebration.
Congratulations and Mabuhay!
JOSE MARIA P. BALMACEDA
Dean and Professor of Mathematics
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Shedding Light on the Nature of Light: Issues
and Challenges in Teaching Optics
Giovanni Tapang
Instrumentation Physics Laboratory, National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City
[email protected]
Abstract:
Although light is all around us, the formal understanding of the nature of light and vision is introduced quite a bit late in most
college curricula in the Philippines. Within the primary and secondary levels, the exposure to optics and related topics is
usually centered on color and vision. But a deeper understanding of the interconnection between the three concepts is rarely
made prior to a formal physics course on electromagnetic theory. We shall introduce basic concepts used to explain the nature
and laws of light in a typical undergraduate optics class and look at possible sources of misconceptions and confusion among
students and those who teach optics as well. These misconceptions range from obscure terminology, misleading diagrams,
teacher-induced confusion to conceptual gaps. Preliminary results of an optics concept inventory will be shared during the
discsussion.
The fundamental phenomena associated with light occurs in scales far removed from the range of human experience and
teaching these concepts sometimes resist simplification. More often than not, it requires novice learners to accept explanations
that run counter to their “normal” macroscopic perception of the world. Even our descriptive bag of terminology show the
dominance of vision-related optics terms that point to the importance of the eye and vision as our primary interface with light
phenomenon. Quantum and wave phenomena become “add-ons” to this understanding of the world and can be a source of
misconceptions. In addition to these misconceptions, the study of light also remains intangible to many since most
experiments illuminating the optics concepts are rarely performed in-class despite many simple setups that can be used inside
the classroom. We shall discuss and demonstrate some experiments that use everyday things as well as selected sample setups
that are used in the Versatile Instrumentation System for Science Education and Research (VISSER) project.
Teaching optics also requires one to integrate interdisciplinary concepts from diverse backgrounds in order to complete the
student’s understanding of optical phenomena. We need to integrate physics, vision, psychology and art in the language and
praxis of optics instruction so that a student can comprehensively appreciate the ubiquitous nature of light. © IlumiNASYON:
International Year of Light 2015
(a) VISSER handheld and Snell’s law setup; (b) VISSER Tyndall effect and absorption setup.
About the Speaker:
Giovanni Tapang is a Professor at the National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines Diliman. He is
the project leader of the Versatile Instrumentation System for Science Education and Research (VISSER)
project funded by the Department of Science and Technology and the UP Emerging Interdisciplinary Research
program. He has taught optics and is currently doing research on optics, complex systems and signal processing.
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Visual Choreography: “Movement Without
Movement”
Roselle V. Pineda
Department of Art Studies, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City
[email protected]
Abstract:
When we think about choreography, the body is deemed as the most essential element in creating a series of movements to
create dance or a movement-based performance piece. Every thing else outside the body movement – sound, space and other
elements such as light, become secondary elements in creating movement-based performances. “Movement Without Moving”
is a series of experimentations using sound and light in choreography.
For “IllumiNASYON: International Year of Light 2015” I will present the piece “Sagot” – which premiered at the WIFI Body
Festival in 2012 at the Cultural Center of the Philippines and was installed as a video performance for the Performance
Studies Conference in 2013 at the De LaSalle University in Manila.
Based on the poem “Maliit at Malaking Piitan” written by political detainee and NDFP Consultant Allan Jazmines, “Sagot” is
poses a critique of the counter-insurgency program of P-noy called OPLAN BAYANIHAN, which had created massive terror
in the countryside through massive militarization that resulted to community hamlet-ting, illegal arrests and tortures of
suspected NPA’s, enforced disappearances and extra judicial killings. Through the “play” of light against pitched black
environment, I intend to show the politics of (dis)appearance. Technically, I also intend to highlight the light play in order to
create organized movement, without a moving dancer/body.
Part of the challenge for this project is to be able to (re) create simple technologies so that these performances can be easily
performed or presented in the communities. © IlumiNASYON: International Year of Light 2015
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Photo from Maliit at Malaking Piitan. Performed at the UP College of Mass Communication. Concept and Direction by
Roselle V. Pineda. Performed by Lorelei Bulan, Edwin Quinsayas, Tey Lopez and Angeli Bayani. 2012
About the Speaker:
Prof. Roselle V. Pineda is a multi-media artist, teacher, scholar and activist. If she is not holding a chalk inside
the classroom, she is most likely to be seen holding a placard, a microphone, or marking the streets and
communities with songs, movements, and installations about the struggles of the people. She delves into
multi- and trans- disciplinary practices in her academic and artistic works; from opera to hip-hop, from
movement choreography to music production. She is a member of the Congress of Teachers for Nationalism
and Democracy (CONTEND-UP) and Concerned Artists of the Philippines (CAP).
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Seeing and investigating things with invisible
terahertz light
Elmer Estacio
Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City
[email protected]
Abstract:
Terahertz light belongs to the region of the electromagnetic spectrum that lies between the microwave and infrared. The
energy associated with this invisible light is not capable of boiling water; nor does it make a person night vision-capable but it
possesses unique properties that may be used to improve security, law-enforcement, and for semiconductors, biological
samples, and pharmaceuticals testings. In law enforcement, terahertz beams can make concealed metal objects become visible
and illicit drugs can be chemically identified without the need for standard assays. The semiconductor, medical, and
pharmaceutical industry may use terahertz light to look at subsurface issues or problems in a non-invasive manner.
These wonderful capabilities of terahertz owe itself to the interesting fact that even as some materials allow low energy
terahertz light to just pass through, some molecules of interest absorb terahertz energy to vibrate and move in resonance with
the terahertz light energy. As with any field of scientific study, the major challenge faced by terahertz researchers is in the
strength of the measured signals and the sensitivity of terahertz detectors.
At the National Institute of Physics, we use a special laser that emits bursts of light that last for about one over 400-billionth
of a second to generate terahertz light from semiconductor materials such as gallium arsenide. These terahertz light bursts or
pulses are detected by specially-designed antennas. These terahertz light sources and terahertz sensors are the current focus of
study in our Laboratory. Our graduate students started work in 2012 and the current research thrust has led to six international
papers with several other outputs being prepared for possible publication. With the wealth of possible industrial and scientific
applications of terahertz light, our research, geared towards designing stronger terahertz light sources and making more
sensitive terahertz antenna sensors, aims to hasten the development of terahertz science into a full-blown industry. ©
The!terahertzNtime!domain!setup!at!the!NIP!Femtosecond!Laser!Facility.!
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About the Speaker:
Elmer Estacio got his BS, MS, and Ph.D in Physics at the National Institute of Physics, University of the
Philippines Diliman. He joined Osaka University as a postdoctoral fellow in 2005 before transferring to
the University of Fukui as an assistant professor in 2010. In 2012, he returned to UP-Diliman under the
DOST Balik Scientist Program and the Balik UP PhD Grant. Dr. Estacio has since spearheaded a
modest terahertz photonics laboratory at the NIP, UP Diliman.
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Visible Light, UV and Infrared: Recent
Advances on Skin Effects and Photoprotection
Vermén M. Verallo-Rowell
VMV Skin Research Centre + Clinics Photodermatology Laboratory, Makati City
UP-National Institute of Health, Institute of Herbal Medicine/Skin Study Group, Ermita, Manila
[email protected]
Abstract:
Unprotected exposure to tropical sun leads to painful blistering sunburns. At lower energy but chronic sun exposures the skin
develops discolorations, wrinkles, immunosuppression and skin cancers of photodamage. The SPF (Sun Protection Factor) of
sunscreens indicates protection from UVB (290-320nm) whose short wavelengths have the strongest energy for sun damage,
and in previous years, at SPF 15 was deemed enough for sun protection.
New studies show that the mercury gas in indoor eco-friendlier compact fluorescent units (CFUs) emit shorter UV-C
(<290nm) which outdoors, ozone shields away from entering earth; UV-B; and UV-A wavelengths. These are leaked out
through relatively thinner fluorescent linings of CFUs. UVA (320-400 nm) does not cause sunburn but (1) darkens skin; (2)
reacts with photo-reactive chemicals on skin from soaps, perfumes, even sunscreens, or in skin from food and drugs; and (3)
by oxidation forms reactive oxygen species to enhance UVB photodamage. Hence the need for more photo protection. The
latest (2011) US-FDA Final Sunscreens Monograph mandates in-vitro spectrophotometry to determine Critical Wavelength
(CW), at which UV absorbance (290-400 nm) reaches 90%. CW 370 nm or higher gives adequate UVA (UVA-PF) + B (SPF)
protection and can make a “Broad Spectrum” Sunscreen label claim.
Newer studies show that longer and weaker Visible Lights (VL, 400-760 nm) and Infrared radiations (IR, 760-10,00nm) in
outdoor sun and indoor lights also promote photodamage. Although artificial lights have less intensity than the sun outdoors,
long exposure times to them contribute to cumulative photodamage. At VSRC-Photodermatology Laboratory, we have since
the 1990s shown VL and IR to cause chemical photosensitivity and skin darkening in Filipino multi-heritage skin phototypes.
I shall show some positive results of VL/IR photo-patch testing indicating photo allergy to common chemicals.
Sunscreen Photoprotection against VL and IR is still not mandated by the US, European, or other regulatory bodies. In a
research collaboration with Professor Percival Almoro and his team from the Photonics Group of the UP National Institute of
Physics, we are developing optical instrumentation methods and protocols to evaluate the VL and IR protection factors
declared in the sunscreens of a Philippines- and New York- based hypoallergenic cosmetic company. © IlumiNASYON:
(a) In vivo testing. (b) Baseline skin, (c) before, and (d) immediately after photo-patch testing.
About the Speaker:
Dr. Vermén M. Verallo-Rowell, a graduate of: UP College of Medicine; Cleveland Clinic Dermatology;
Dr. Hermann Pinkus Dermatopathology at Detroit’s WSU, is Program Director of VMV Skin
Sciences Research Centre+Clinics. As Adjunct Research Professor with UP-NIH her current studies
are: A Coconut Oil - balanced Anti-Inflammatory Diet and a Mosquito Repellent from Lansones. She
Chairs and Mentors Skin and Cancer Foundation, Inc. and Makati Medical Centre Residents; heads
the Dermatopathology Group of the Philippine Dermatological Society; and Makati Medical Center’s
Culture Section. She runs a USDA-certified Organic coconut farm in Leyte, has master classes in
piano with a retired Scottish Music Professor, and lives a healthy family lifestyle with Gavin (4),
Madison (8) and her live-in cat “Piggy”.
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Ang Liwanag sa mga Wika sa Pilipinas: Ilang
Inisyal na Salin at Tala
(Tinipon nina) Maria Olivia Nueva España 1 , Percival Almoro 2 , at Rommel Rodriguez 1*
1
Sentro ng Wikang Filipino , University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City
Photonics Group, National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City
*[email protected]
2
Abstract:
Narito ang inisyal na listahan ng mga wika sa Pilipinas at salin sa Ingles na may kinalaman sa konsepto ng liwanag. Sa
pamamagitan ng pagsangguni sa mga nasulat na teksbuk sa pisika, at mga diskyunaryo sa Filipino at mga wika sa Pilipinas,
natipon ang mga lokal na salita at paunang salin ng mga ito sa Ingles. Nagpapatunay lamang sa mga salitang natipon na
mayroon ding kultural at pangkasaysayang konteksto ang mga konseptong may kaugnayan sa liwanag. Ito ay naghahawan at
nagsusuri tungo sa siyentipikong pag-unawa sa liwanag at kalikasan. Nasisiwalat ang iba’t ibang pamamaraan sa paggamit ng
liwanag sa kabuhayan at mga modernong teknolohiya. Mahalaga ang mga talang ito bilang paunang hakbang tungo sa higit
pang pananaliksik at pagsasalin ng mga terminong may kinalaman sa paglikha, pagsukat-proseso, at pagkontrol ng liwanag.
Sa ganitong paraan, naisasalin ang mga salita at naiuugat ang mga ito sa katutubong kaalaman na lapat sa kultura’t
kasaysayan ng Pilipinas. © IlumiNASYON: International Year of Light 2015
alipáto png [Kapampangan, Tagalog] spark, flying ember Salin:
banáag png [Bikol, Hiligaynon, Sebwano, Tagalog, Waray] beam
ALIGATO [Sebwano], ALIPALOK [Hiligaynon],
or ray of light; firelight; moonlight; distant glitter or radiance;
ALIYABO [Sinaunang Tagalog], ALIW [Pangasinan],
soft ray; glimmer Salin: SINAG [Kapampangan, Pangsinan,
DALIPATO [Ilokano], MANOK-MANOK, SENTELYA
Tagalog], ANINAG, ANAAG, ANG-AG; SIKAT, KISLAP,
[Bikol, Espanyol]
DIKLAP, ANDAP [Kapampangan, Tagalog], SILAK,
alon png wave Salin: BALUD [Bikol, Hiligaynon, Sebwano,
SIDLAK [Hiligaynon], ANARAAR [Ilokano], KILAP
Waray], ALUN [Kapampangan, Maguindanao, Tausug],
[Tagalog], KINDAT [Maranaw], BANAGBANAG
HANOL [Hiligaynon], PALUNG [Ibanag], DALLUYON
[Sebwano], BANAWAG, SIRAK [Waray]
[Ilokano], PAYUNG [Ivatan], AOLAN [Maranaw],
bilis ng alon png wave speed
DALUYON [Pangasinan]
bituin png star Salin: TALA [Kapampangan, Sinaunang
along liwanag png light wave
Tagalog], BATWIN [Kapampangan], BITOON [Bikol,
along pahalang png transverse wave
Hiligaynon, Maranaw, Sebwano, Waray], BITUAN, BITUN
along pahaba png longitudinal wave
[Ibanag], BITEWEN [Pangasinan], BITUEN, BITUEN,
alulod ng alon png wave trough
BITWEN [Ilokano], ESTRELYA [Espanyol], VIRTUHEN
amrak png [Maranaw] light; shine (of heavenly bodies)
[Ivatan]
ani-ag png [Maranaw] moonlit night
busilak pnr [Kapampangan, Sinaunang Tagalog] pure, shinning
aninag pnr translucent, visible through a transparency Salin:
white Salin: BUSILAG [Sinaunang Tagalog], DALISAY,
SARAGASAG [Ilokano]
ISIS, MATINLO [Sebwano], DALISE [Kapampangan],
aninaw png [Ilokano, Sebwano, Tagalog] tranparency, visible
DALISAI [Maranaw], KIRLAP [Pangasinan, Tagalog],
through a haze
MAHINLO [Hiligaynon], NAPUSAKSAK, NASINGPET
apóy png 1: fire, flame Salin: AFI, AFWI [Ibanag], API
[Ilokano], SILAK [Hiligaynon, Waray]
[Kapampangan], APUY [Bikol, Maguindanao, Ivatan],
dalasan ng alon
png wave frequency
IPOY [Sinaunang Tagalog], KALAY, LA’AD [Bikol],
daluyong png big wave, surge or swell of the sea Salin: BALUD
KALAYO [Bikol, Hiligaynon, Sebwano, Waray], PUWEGO
[Bikol], ALON [Bikol, Tagalog], DALUYUNG, BUYUN
[Espanyol] 2: conflagration Salin: SILAB [Kapampangan,
[Kapampangan], HANOL, DAKONG BALOD [Hiligaynon,
Tagalog], SUNOG [Hiligaynon, Sebwano, Waray, Tausug],
Sebwano], DALUYON [Ilokano, Pangasinan], BALOD
URAM [Ilokano], POOL, APUY [Pangasinan], SUNUG
[Samar-Leyte Bisayan]
[Tausug]
difraksiyon png diffraction
asindaw pnr [Maranaw] shiny, lighted brightly
dilaw png [Bikol, Ilokano, Tagalog] color yellow Salin: DULAW
bahaghari png spectrum, rainbow Salin: BAHAGSUBAY,
[Bikol, Waray], DILO, MARILYU [Kapampangan],
ARKOIRIS [Sebwano], BALANGIW [Tagalog],
DALAG [Hiligaynon, Sebwano], NGILA [Ibanag],
BULANGIW [Bikol, Hiligaynon, Sebwano, Waray], PINANDUYAW, KUSNIG [Ilokano], BINANING [Maranaw,
ARI [Kapampangan], BULLALAYAW [Ilokano],
Maguindanao], DOYAW [Pangasinan], BIYANING
AMBOLOTO [Maranaw]
[Tausug]
balanáy png [Hiligaynon] the mellow light of the moon
grating png grating
balatik png orion constellation
elektrikang larang png electric field
benang png [Batad Ifugao] artificial light, of a fire, flashlight,
elektromagnetikong larang png electromagnetic field
lamp, lantern, torch
epektong Doppler png Doppler effect
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epektong photo elektrik png photoelectric effect
MASAWA [Tausug], NAUAG [Ibanag], PAWA, KAPAWhaba ng alon png wavelength
AN [Waray], RYAL, SEHDANG [Ivatan], SALA
hindi direktang pag-iilaw png indirect lighting
[Kapampangan], SIGA, MANIOAG, SINDAW, TOTOD
hologram png hologram
[Maranaw], SANYATA [Ilokano] 2: clarity, lucidity,
hunab png radiation, heat emanation, reflected or radiated heat
luminosity, brightness
maharmonyang mga alon png harmonic waves
maaliwalas pnr bright and ventilated, a spatial quality which
ihingkirlat png [Sinaunang Tagalog] lightning strike
connotes both optic and thermal attributes of a Filipino space
ilaw png [Bikol, Hiligaynon, Maguindanao, Tagalog] light Salin:
Salin: HIWAS [Bikol], LUWALAS [Kapampangan],
IWAG [Hiligaynon], RELAK [Ivatan], SALA, SALUGI
KALIGWA [Hiligaynon], LAWAG, KALAWA [Ilokano],
[Kapampangan], SILEW [Pangasinan], SUGA [Hiligaynon,
AWANG [Pangasinan], HAYAHAY [Sebwano],
Sebwano]
KAWANGAY [Waray], MAHANGIN [Tausug]
iluminasyon png [Espanyol] illumination, lights
mabilog na alon png spherical wave
indeks ng refraksiyon png index of refraction
magkakaugnay na alon pnr coherent waves
indigo png color indigo Salin: ANYIL [Sebwano]
maharmonyang mga alon png harmonic waves
insidenteng sinag png incident ray
malabalaning larang png magnetic field
interferens png interference
malukong na salamin png concave mirror
interferens ng dalawang sinag png two-beam interference
mata png eye
disturbans png disturbance
mga linyang spectral png spectral lines
kahel png color orange
mikroskopyong electron png electron microscope
kalat na refleksiyon png diffuse reflection
nagpapalaking kristal png magnifying glass
kalatang Compton png Compton scattering
nakapalibot na liwanag png ambient light
kalatang Mie png Mie scattering
ningning png radiance
kalatang Rayleigh png Rayleigh scattering
padron na fringes png fringe pattern
kambal na balintuna png twin paradox
pag-ikli ng haba png length contraction
kandila png [Espanyol] candle Salin: BELA, SIRYO
pag-ilaw sa mas mababang frequency png fluorescence
[Espanyol], LANSOK [Maguindanao], RANSOK
pagpapalabas ng liwanag png emission of light
[Maranaw], SASANG, SIMBO, SIMBUHAN [Sinaunang
paglaganap ng sinag png beam propagation
Tagalog]
paningin png vision, sense of sight Salin: PANHILING [Bikol],
kidlát png lightning, lightning flash Salin: ALTI, KILDAP
PAGLALAWE, PANIMANMAN [Kapampangan],
[Kapampangan], CHIDAT [Ivatan], KIBLAT, LINTI
PANAN-AW [Hiligaynon, Sebwano], PANAGKITA
[Sebwano], KIKILAT [Bikol], KILAT [Bikol, Hiligaynon,
[Ilokano], NENG, PAKANONO [Maranaw],
Ibanag, Maguindanao, Pangasinan, Sebwano, Tausug,
PAKANENGNENG [Pangasinan], PANGITA [Waray]
Waray], KILATKILAT [Maranaw], KILAWET, KIMAT
patag na salamin png plane mirror
[Ilokano], KIRLAT [Sinaunang Tagalog], KIRMAT,
patal png [Batad Ifugao] sunlight/ moonlight
KURIMAT [Pangasinan], LINTIK
phase png phase
kisláp png [Tagalog] shining brightly, sparkle, flash brightness
photon png photon
Salin: ARISANGASANG, RAYRAY, SILAP [Ilokano],
polarisasyon png polarization
BULIKIT, CHIDAT [Ivatan], DIKLAP [Sinaunang
polusyon sa liwanag png light pollution
Tagalog], IDLAK [Hiligaynon, Sebwano], IDLAP, IGPAT,
prinsipyong di-katiyakan png uncertainty principle
INGGAT [Hiligaynon], ILAT [Batad Ifugao], KERAP
prinsipyo ng katumbasan png principle of equivalence
[Maranaw], KIDLAP [Hiligaynon, Pangasinan, Sebwano],
prinsipyo ng superposisyon png principle of superposition
KIDYAM [Pangasinan], KILAK [Ibanag], KILAP
prinsipyong Huygens png Huygens' principle
[Ilokano, Kapampangan, Tagalog], KILAP-KILAP, KILAT
prisma png prism
[Maguindanao], KINTAB [Bikol], KIRLAP [Sinaunang
quantum png quantum
Tagalog, Pangasinan]
radyasyon png radiation
kukob na salamin png convex mirror
refleksiyon png reflection
kulay png color Salin: KULE [Kapampangan], DUAG
refraksiyon png refraction
[Hiligaynon], MARIS [Ilokano], CARNA, PARAS
relativity png relativity
[Maranaw], PALAS [Maguindanao], BULOK [Sebwano],
ROYGBIV png an acronym for the sequence of hues commonly
WALNA [Tausug]
described as making up a rainbow: Red, Orange, Yellow,
kutitap png [Tagalog] blinking light Salin: KIPAT [Sebwano]
Green, Blue, Indigo and Violet
kuryap pnr [Ivatan] dim light
salaming sphere png spherical mirror
lakas ng liwanag png intensity of light
sinag na na-reflect png reflected ray
lalim ng larang png depth of field
saot png [Maranao] star light
lampara png [Chabacano, Espanyol] lamp Salin: PARITAAN,
sinag png [Bikol, Ibanag, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Pangasinan,
SIMBUHAN [Sinaunang Tagalog]
Sinaunang Tagalog] light, ray of light Salin: ASLAG
laser png acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated
[Kapampangan], BANAAG [Bikol, Tagalog],
Emission of Radiation
BANAGBANAG [Sebwano], BANAWAG [Waray],
lente png lens
RAYOS, SIRANG [Bikol], SANAG [Hiligaynon, Waray],
lila png color violet
SILAHIS [Espanyol], SILAK [Hiligaynon, Sebwano],
liwanag png 1: [Bikol, Tagalog] light Salin: HAYAG [Sebwano,
SILNAG, ANARAAR [Ilokano], SILAW [Bikol,
Waray], IWAG, SANAG [Hiligaynon], LAWAG [Ilokano,
Hiligaynon, Maguindanao, Sebwano], SINAR [Maranaw]
Tagalog], LIWAWA [Pangasinan], LUZ [Espanyol],
sidad png [Maranao] light generated using electricity
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silaw pnr [Bikol, Hiligaynon,Sebwano, Tagalog, Waray] glare
Salin: AMPILAW, LARAM, SELENG [Pangasinan], SILO
[Kapampangan, Sinaunang Tagalog], SIRANG [Maranaw],
SULA, SURIAW [Bikol], SILNAG, SULAM [Ilokano],
SULAW [Maguindanao, Sebwano], TULANG [Ibanag],
sinag ng narefract png refracted ray
sukdulan ng alon png wave crest
taas-alon png wave amplitude
tamnagan png [Maranao] light source
teoryang alon png wave theory
teoryang Corpuscular png Corpuscular theory
tingraw png [Bikol] lighthouse
tumatayong alon png standing wave
tunay na imahen png real image
virtual na imahen png virtual image
wavefront png wavefront
wavelet png wavelet
4D na espasyo at panahon continuum png 4D space-time
continuum
LEGEND:
Bold words – Entry term
png – pangngalan/noun
pnr – pang-uri/adjective
[ ] – pinagmulan ng salita
Words in Capital Letters – Salin ng salita sa ibang lokal na
wika sa Pilipinas
SANGGUNIAN
Almario, Virgilio S. UP Diksiyonaryong Filipino, Ikalawang
Edisyon. UP-SWF, Anvil Publishing Inc., 2010.
Hidalgo, Cesar A. Ivatan-Filipino-English Dictionary. Academics
Foundation, Inc., 1998.
McKaughan, H.P. & Al-Macaraya, B. A Maranao Dictionary.
DLSU Press, Inc. Summer Institute of Linguistics, 1996.
Mintz, M.W. & Britanico, J.D.R. Bikol-English Dictionary. New
Day Publishers, QC, 1985.
Newell, Leonard E. Batad Ifugao Dictionary with Ethnographic
Notes. Linguistic Society of the Philippines Manila, 1993.
Otanes, Fe T. & Wrigglesworth, Hazel. Binukid Dictionary.
Linguistic Society of the Philippines Summer Institute of
Linguistics, 1992.
Panganiban, Jose Villa. Diksyunaryo-Tesauro Pilipino-Ingles.
Manlapaz Publishing Co., Lungsod Quezon, 1972.
Talisayon, Vivien M. et. al. Batayang Pisika. UP Sentro ng
Wikang Filipino, Sistemang Unibersidad ng Pilipinas, 1996.
Mga Sagot:
1. Ilaw
2. Salamin
3. Alitaptap
4. Anino
5. Mga mata
6. Bahaghari
7. Kandila
8. Alapaap
9. Alon
10. Araw
11. Bituin
12. Dagitab
13. Dilaw
14. Dilim
Katawagan Hiligaynon-Filipino-English. Komisyon ng Wikang
Filipino, 2000.
Mga BUGTONG tungkol sa liwanag:
1. Isang butil na palay, sikip sa buong bahay.
2. Kuwadro ko sa dingding, kamukha ng bawat tumitingin
3. Munting anghel na lilipad-lipad, dala-dala'y liwanag sa likod
ng pakpak.
4. Maikling landasin, di maubos lakarin.
5. Dalawang batong itim, malayo ang nararating.
6. Balabal ng aming hari, kulay ay sari-sari.
7. May katawan, walang mukha, walang mata’y lumuluha.
8. Bundok na bibitin-bitin, tinatangay ng hangin.
9. Lumalakad ng walang humihila, tumatakbong walang paa.
10. Ginto sa kalangitan, hindi matitigtitigan.
11. Kukurap-kurap sa kaningningan, nagpapakislapan sa
kaitaasan.
12. Mga ilaw itong buhay sindi, nagbibigay kulay sa gabi.
13. Kakulay ng araw sa silangan, at kasinsariwa ng mga pinyang
binalatan.
14. Kung wala ang kaliwanagan, ito ang matitira lamang.
15. Bituing nagniningning, sa lupa ay masaring hukayin.
16. Ikaw ay mapapapikit, sa kanyang liwanag na kumakandirit.
17. Nakikita ito sa diyamanteng pinagpaparangalan, kapag
nasinagan ng ginintuang araw.
18. Maliit na sisidlang ginaasan, mitsa’y nagsasabog ng
kaliwanagan.
19. Malapit sa tingin, hindi marating.
20. Baston ng engkantada, nagniningning sa ganda
21. Ikutan nang ikutan sa kalawakan, hindi naman nagbubunguan.
22. Hugis ay bituin, papel na nagniningning.
23. Kadaldalan nito ay hindi hihinto, dapat patayin upang
maglaho.
24. Mananayaw na puti ang kasuotan, nagpapabulaklak sa
manggahan.
25. Pangyayari sa sandaigdigan, nakikita sa loob ng tahanan.
26. Ang distansya’y dagat na malawak, sa mahabang kawad lang
ay makapaguusap.
27. Makinarya itong potograpo, mapaparami litrato at manuskrito.
15. Diyamante
16. Kidlat
17. Kislap
18. Lampara
19. Langit at
mga bituin
20. Lusis
21. Mga planeta
22. Parol
23. Radyo
24. Usok ng sigá
25. Telebisyon
26. Telepono
27. Serox
SANGGUNIAN:
Eugenio, Damiana L. Philippine folk literature: the riddles. Quezon City:University of the Philippines Press, 2005.
About the UP Sentro ng Wikang Filipino:
Ang UP Sentro ng Wikang Filipino (UP SWF) ay isang institusyon sa Unibersidad ng Pilipinas Diliman na
nagtataguyod sa wikang Filipino bilang midyum ng pagtuturo, saliksik at publikasyon, at opisyal na
komunikasyon ayon sa tadhana ng Konstitusyong 1987, Artikulo XIV, seksiyon 6 at 7.
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Holograms Using Tunable Diffuse Light
Percival F. Almoro
[email protected]
Abstract:
Holograms are optical contraptions that allow the recording and reconstruction of the complete wave scattered from a 3D
object (i.e., with phase and amplitude information). Some applications of holograms include 3D imaging, optical metrology,
data storage and security, and fiber gratings in telecommunications. There are several hologram modalities (film, digital,
photorefractive, computer generated, etc) and the focus of this presentation is digital holography where recording is done
using digital cameras and reconstruction is carried out numerically in a laptop computer. Ushered in by the rapid
advancements in camera and computer technologies, digital holography allows direct numerical processing of the object
complex field.
Traditional holograms are based on interference effect which makes hologram recording setup bulky and sensitive to
vibrations. An alternative approach is called phase retrieval which affords a simple and vibration insensitive recording setup.
Here, we will review the principles of both approaches and then the emphasis is shifted towards the more practical phase
retrieval.
In 2009, we have developed a phase retrieval technique that uses random or diffuse light instead of plane wave illumination
(Almoro and Hanson, J Europ Opt Soc: Rapid). Using a diffuser plate, the benefit of diffuse illumination is the recovery of
high frequencies representing the fine details of the object wave resulting in clearer images. A diffuser plate, however, is
tedious to fabricate and, being a passive device, has fixed optical properties.
Here we present a technique for recording holograms using an active optical device as programmable diffuser. The
advantages of the technique are: 1) ease of implementation, and 2) wavelength tunability. The following is the flow of
presentation: initially, the basic principles and applications of holograms will be reviewed; then, an overview of the state of
the art in holography will be discussed; finally, some of the technical challenges and proposed solutions will be presented. ©
(a) Surface profile of diffuser plate with fixed optical properties (image credit: M. Agour). (b) Depiction of a programmable
digital diffuser. Phase reconstruction of a spherical lens wavefront (c) without, and (d) with digital diffuser in the setup.
About the Speaker:
Dr. Percival F. Almoro is a professor and scientist at the National Institute of Physics (NIP), University of the
Philippines Diliman. He obtained his Ph.D. Physics at the NIP in 2004 and carried out post-doctoral fellowships
at the Institute of Applied Optics, Universität Stuttgart, Germany from 2005 until 2006, Risø National Research
Laboratory, Denmark from 2007 until 2009 and at the Center of Optical Research and Education, University of
Utsunomiya, Japan in 2014. He researched on holograms and the theory of coherent wavefront reconstruction.
He developed various reconstruction techniques and applied them in the investigations of technical and
biological samples. He is currently the NIP Deputy Director for Facilities and Resources. Dr. Almoro is the
recipient of the 2014 DOST-NRCP (National Research Council of the Philippines) Achievement Award in
Physics in recognition of his research efforts and contributions in the fields of holography and optical metrology.
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Detecting Light Through Semiconductors
Armando Somintac
Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City
[email protected]
Abstract:
Light is a form of electromagnetic radiation that has become an essential part of our lives. It allows humans and animals to
see the world. Street lamps use light to illuminate our roads. Cameras use light to capture and preserve images. Solar cells
even harness the energy from light to generate electricity. One of the main challenges in using light for technological
applications is to develop devices that are sensitive to it. Semiconductors are one of the materials that are capable of detecting
light. A semiconductor is a material that has an electrical conductivity lying in between an insulator and a conductor. It is
commonly used in modern electronic devices such as cellphones and computers. The ability of a semiconductor to conduct
electricity can be changed through various means: by changing the voltage being applied to it, by varying its material
composition, or by introducing energy to it. Semiconductors are sensitive to light because they possess the unique property
called the energy gap. Electrons need to traverse the energy gap in order to be able to conduct electricity. One of the means to
allow electrons to travel through this gap is by illuminating the semiconductor with light.
One of the research thrusts of the Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory is in light detection. In particular, we have developed
semiconductor devices that are highly sensitive to visible light of all colors. These devices are based from group III-V
semiconductors, metal-oxides and nanostructured materials. Gallium arsenide, the semiconductor used in photovoltaics and
fiber optic communications, can be fabricated as resonant cavity enhanced (RCE) photodetectors for high-performance light
detection. These RCE photodetectors can be tuned in such a way that they would be able to detect light of varying
wavelengths. Indium arsenide, used as infrared detectors, can be nanostructured as quantum dots in order to detect discrete
packets of infrared light. Zinc oxide, a semiconductor used in the liquid crystal displays (LCDs) of televisions, can be
engineered to detect blue light. Silicon, the semiconductor used in the microchips of computers, can also be structured in the
nanoscale to detect infrared up to green light.
The development of new techniques and devices for light detection is crucial in advancing emerging technologies such as
high efficiency solar cells. As the technology for light detection becomes more advanced, it may even be possible to create
cameras that are able to see light beyond what our eyes can see; such as infrared, ultraviolet, and even microwave radiation. ©
Photos and 3D surface profiles of the GaAs solar cells recently developed at CMPL with efficiency of about 24%.
About the Speaker:
Dr. Armando Somintac graduated MS in Materials Science and Engineering in 2002 and PhD in Physics in 2004.
He garnered the Most Outstanding Graduate Student Award and the Edgardo Gomez Excellence Award for PhD in
2004. In 2010 the DOST-National Research Council of the Philippines honored him with the Achievement Award
in Physics in recognition to his research works in the field of semiconductors and optoelectronics. His dedication to
teaching earned him the UP Diliman Gawad Chanselor sa Natatanging Guro in 2013. He is currently a Professor in
Physics at the National Institute of Physics and the Coordinator of Materials Science and Engineering Program of the
College of Science UP Diliman.
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First Documented Observation of Invisible
Biofluorescent Crossbands in Snakes through
the Philippine Shrub Snake (Oxyrhabdium
leporinum)
Christopher Mariano T. Yu 1,2 , Emerson Y. Sy 1,3 , Cherrie May M. Olaya 4 , Percival F. Almoro 4 ,
Wilson O. Garcia 4 , and Arvin C. Diesmos* 1,5,6,7
1
Turtle Conservation Society of the Philippines, Inc., Manila
Office of the Presidential Adviser for Environmental Protection, Manila
3
Philippine Center for Terrestrial and Aquatic Research, Benavidez St., Manila
4
Photonics Group, National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City
5
Herpetology Section Zoology Division, National Museum of the Philippines, Manila
6
Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, España Avenue, Manila
7
Graduate School Department of Biology, De La Salle University, Manila
*[email protected]
2
Abstract:
Biofluorescence is a phenomenon in which light is absorbed by fluorescent proteins in an organism and emitted back in a
different energy and wavelength. The incidence of fluorescence under ultraviolet light is widespread across various taxa. It is
utilized by various faunal groups for camouflage and visual cues. Despite being well-studied in and extensively observed in
different faunal groups, biofluorescence has not been reported and documented in reptiles. Here, what we believe to be, the
first documented case of biofluorescence in snakes, as observed in the Philippine Shrub Snake (Oxyrhabdium leponirum), is
described. Oxyrhabdium leporinum is a nocturnal and cryptic species which is endemic to the country. Reports have shown
that juveniles of the species exhibit a distinct pattern of white crossbands. Adults of the species, on the other hand, are
generally unicolor in appearance (i.e., without any trace of the juvenile crossband pattern) as the bands gradually fade as they
mature.
Here, upon exposure of an adult specimen to UV light, the Oxyrhabdium leporinum exhibited dark crossbands of lower
fluorescence intensity. The spatial locations of the crossbands are, presumably, the same as during the juvenile stage.
Reflectance spectroscopy was carried out to measure the fluorescence spectrum. The wavelength measurement range used
was 200-1100 nm at a resolution of 1.33 nm (full-width at half-maximum). The light source has dominant peaks at 365.31 nm
(UV) and at 403.97 nm (blue). A dominant fluorescence peak was obtained at 526.66 nm (green). Further investigations on
the bio-physical properties as well as the possible significance of the crossbands are currently being explored. ©
Photographs of O. leporinum specimen under visible light (left) and under UV light (right).
About the Speaker:
Dr. Arvin C. Diesmos is the curator of the herpetology section at the National Museum of the Philippines. He is
one of the recipients of the 2008 Outstanding Young Scientist Award by the National Academy of Science and
Technology. He is the Chair for the IUCN Amphibian Specialist Group - Philippines and is a member of the
IUCN-Species Survival Commission for the Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group and the Crocodile
Specialist Group. He is also a Technical Adviser to the Philippine Eagle Working Group of the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources of the Philippines. His research interests are on the ecology, systematics,
biogeography, and conservation of amphibians and reptiles of the Philippines.
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Light and Plasma
Henry J. Ramos
Plasma Physics Laboratory, National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City
[email protected]
Abstract:
RESEARCH on the generation of hydrogen negative ions is motivated by their use in accelerators for charge
exchange injection, fusion plasma heating and diagnostics, directed energy weapon research, and in
semiconductor applications for etching and material surface treatment. Magnetized thin sheet plasmas have been
developed to generate large-area plasma processing systems and large-area H− source. The magnetized sheet
plasma negative ion source, developed by Dr. Henry J. Ramos of the National Institute of Physics is used in
generating these images.
Endemic in the facility is the distinctive separation of different thermal electrons, separating the hot electrons at
the center of the sheet from the colder electrons at the periphery. The hot electrons at the core excites hydrogen
molecules which combine with the cold electrons to create H−.
A useful strategy for enhancing negative hydrogen ion yield is the employment of a magnesium insert. The
presence of Mg in the volume plasma induces a green emission transforming the pink argon-seeded hydrogen
plasma signifying the efficient sputtering of magnesium. Mg-seeding increased the electron density at the plasma
core. The effective electron temperature decreased at the center of the sheet plasma and at the periphery. The H−
yield is increased in comparison to the argon-seeded case. © IlumiNASYON: International Year of Light 2015
Left: Dr. Henry J. Ramos with the Sheet Plasma Negative Ion Source developed at the NIP. Right: Pink and green
emissions from Argon-seeded and Magnesium-seeded Hydrogen plasmas, respectively.
About the Speaker:
Dr. Henry Jacala Ramos is a Professor of Physics at the National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines
Diliman. Dr. Ramos is the first Filipino experimental plasma Physicist. He is the founder of the Plasma Physics
Laboratory of the NIP, College of Science UP Diliman. His work on formation of Titanum nitride TiN films
received patents from the United States of America, Philippines, Malaysia, Germany, Sweden, Taiwan, Japan,
Singapore and China.
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Light Pulses for Spectroscopy and Waveguides
Wilson O. Garcia
[email protected]
Abstract:
Light pulses with very high energy concentrated in a very small area can be used to produce little explosions on the surface of
various materials. These little explosions transfer some parts of the target materials from the explosion site to the location
opposite to the irradiated material. If a new material is placed opposite to the explosion site, most of the particles ejected from
the explosion gathers and produces thin layer on the surface of the gathering material. This technique that uses high energy
light source such as lasers in producing thin layers on the surface of other materials is called pulsed laser deposition (PLD).
If the target material was chosen to have a greater index of refraction (The index of refraction is a number that could tell us
something about the capability of the material to handle the light) than the collecting material’s index of refraction, thin layers
of structure capable of guiding light can be fabricated. These structures are called waveguides, and waveguides are very
important structures especially in advanced technologies. Examples of waveguides are fiber optics, which enables most of
computers to connect to internet.
Suitable materials for waveguide applications are laser crystals. Laser crystals are materials with good optical properties such
as high transparency in the visible light. In addition, laser crystals also have good mechanical properties. Examples of laser
crystals are garnet crystals (such as yttrium aluminum garnet, gadolinium gallium garnet, etc.) added by a small amount of
rare earth elements such as neodymium and erbium.
Aside from the fabrication of waveguides, light pulses can be also used to determine what the material is made up of using a
technique called spectroscopy. The explosion made by the focused light will emit another light, and that light can tell you
what the material is made up of from the emission spectrum obtained during the explosion.
Our Laboratory has been successfully producing thin layers of laser crystals on different materials for the past few years and
has been performing spectroscopy on various light sources. We are hoping we could extend the application of PLD and
spectroscopy on more laser crystal as well as other new and interesting light sources, using light to know more about
materials and guide light to new applications. © IlumiNASYON: International Year of Light 2015
(left)!Emission!spectrum!of!laser!plasma!from!(Philippine)!10Opeso!coin.!(right)!CrossOsectional!view!of!laser!crystal!thin!film.!
!
About the Speaker:
Dr. Wilson O. Garcia is a Professor of Physics at the National Institute of Physics, University of the
Philippines in Diliman. His field of specialization is on lasers, optics, spectroscopy and photonics and is
currently engaged with researches on pulsed laser deposition, laser induced plasma spectroscopy, and
investigations on laser produced plasma. Dr. Garcia is also currently the Chair of Physics Division of
National Research Council of the Philippines and the President of the Samahang Pisika ng Pilipinas.
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Sinematograpiya bilang Biswal at Ideolohikal na Wika
ng Representasyong Pampelikula: Pagtukoy sa Diskurso
ng Liwanang at Dilim sa Kontexto ng mga Pelikula ukol
sa Siyudad, Kaunlaran at Lipunan
(Cinematography as Visual and Ideological Language of Cinematic Representation: Locating the
Discourse of Liwanag and Dilim in the Context of Films about the City, Development and Society )
Choy Pangilinan
Film Institute, College of Mass Communication, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City
[email protected]
Abstract:
May malalim at historikal na pagkakatalima ang diskurso ng liwanag at dilim sa loob ng lipunang Filipino; sa
unang banda’y upang magsilbing biswal na metapora para maipaliwanag at bigyang puna ang kinasasadlakang
kondisyong panlipunan; at sa ikalawang malas ay upang maimapa din naman ang kolektibong lakas para
makaalagwa sa konkretong yugto ng karimlang panlipunang ito na mas higit na tumatanaw sa hangaring mabago
ang kasalukuyan tungo sa hinaharap—sa pagturol at pagkamit ng liwanag.
Batay sa ganitong diskursibong areglo, layon ng papel na ito na siyasatin kung sa paanong paraan naipapamalas
ang tambalang diskurso ng liwanag at dilim sa mundo ng sine at sinematikong representasyon. Para sa papel na
ito, bibigyang diin ang pagsusuri sa mga pelikulang Maynila sa Kuko ng Liwanag (Lino Brocka, 1975), Manila by
Night: City After Dark ( Ishmael Bernal, 1980 ), at Kinatay (Brilliante Mendoza, 2009) bilang mga textong
pampelikula at pang kultura na maaaring kakitaan ng naturang talaban ng diskurso.
Sentral na pagtutunan ng pansin sa kritika ang larangan ng sinematograpiya, hindi lamang bilang batayang pang
usaping pang-estetika, ngunit mas pa bilang biswal at ideolohikal na larangan na higit na nagpapatalas sa antas ng
pananagisag at panlipunang posisyon ng texto kaugnay ng pagsasalimbayan ng sine, siyudad, kaunlaran at
lipunan. © IlumiNASYON: International Year of Light 2015
About the Speaker:
Si Choy Pangilinan ay kasalukuyang lektyurer sa UP Film Institute. Isa siya sa apat na editor ng
librong Communication and Media Theories (UP Press, 2014). Lumabas na ang kanyang mga kritikal
na sanaysay sa Kontra-Gahum: Academics Against Political Killings (Ibon, 2006), Serve the People:
Ang Radikal na Kasaysayan ng Unibersidad ng Pilipinas (Ibon, 2009), Media at Lipunan (UP Press,
2014). Philippine Humanities Review (UP CAL), at Plaridel: Journal of Communication, Media and
Society (UP CMC). Ilan sa kanyang mga malikhaing akda'y lumabas sa Transfiksyon: Mga
Kuwentong in Transit (Ateneo Press, 2014), Baguio Yearbook (2007) at CCP. Siya ay miyembro ng
Film Desk ng Young Critic's Circle at CONTEND-UP.
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Light in Urban Design and Community
Architecture
Jose Danilo A. Silvestre
College of Architecture, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City
[email protected]
Abstract:
Urban Design addresses the treatment and creation of public outdoor spaces in a city. These spatial elements provide the
linkage between the controlled interior spaces that are formed by architecture and the larger spatial continuum of the city at
large and the even more expansive region surrounding it. While urban regions and city scales can be less comprehensible,
public and architectural space are more interactive, tactile, even visceral in the perceptual impact that they have on people.
Artificlial lighting, largely increasing in its impact on urban space in the past century has proven its significance not only in
the way it articulates spatial character, but also in the way it has directly influenced human experience in urban settings.
This brief talk presents how light and urban design have become inextricably linked. Examples of recent and current
examples of urban spaces that have integrated artificial lighting as a key element of spatial articulation, and its relationship to
other elements: light and water, light and landscape, light and plants, light and public art, light and people. A concise
discussion on possible negative impacts will also be included as relating to light “pollution” in our cities. This will touch
briefly on the impact of artificial lighting on human health, activity and sleep cycles. Light pollution can also have negative
impacts on natural ecosystems in urban settings, its possible impact on nocturnal fauna, and other environmental concerns. In
addition, a short discussion on the effect of artificial lighting in urban settings on astronomical phenomena and visibility.
Some possible mitigative measures will also be suggested.
New and emergent technologies in lighting and light generation will also be introduced, touching on biotechnology,
bioluminescence, smart lighting, and approaches utilizing human kinetic energy, piezoelectric systems and other emergent
technologies for producing artificial illumination. The use and increased application of large LED television screens and
other computer-aided media projection systems will also be discussed as well as their impact on the increasingly dynamic and
mutable character of urban spaces will also be discussed. © IlumiNASYON: International Year of Light 2015
Night shot of church plaza, in Vigan, Ilocos Sur showing dynamic interplay of light and water in a public urban space. Photo
courtesy of Dr Tito Araneta
About the Speaker:
Jose Danilo A. Silvestre is currently the Director of the Office for Initiatives in Culture and the Arts (OICA) UP
Diliman. He is an Associate Professor with 25 years of service and served as 7th Dean of the UP College of
Architecture (2007 to 2010). Silvestre handles graduate courses in Urban Design/Community Architecture and
Tropical Design and undergraduate Architectural Design. Prof. Silvestre was recently conferred the title UP Artist
II (2012-2014). He currently leads a team of UP experts planning the new campus for UP Tacloban. Prof.
Silvestre integrates teaching with Architectural, Urban Design/Environmental Planning projects. He is also
currently the Head of the Committee on Architecture and Allied Arts and Vice-Chair of the Sub-Commission on
the Arts, National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA).
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LiDAR: Harnessing the Interaction of Light
with the Atmosphere
Maria Cecilia D. Galvez* and Edgar A. Vallar
Environment And RemoTe sensing researcH (EARTH) Laboratory Physics Department, College of Science, De La Salle
University, Taft Avenue, Manila
*[email protected]
Abstract:
LiDAR, which stands for LIght Detection And Ranging, is an active remote sensing technique wherein information is obtain
from light that is transmitted to hit certain targets, and reflected back into the receiver system. Compared to other remote
sensing techniques, LiDAR using lasers as the source of radiation can give both high spatial and temporal resolution allowing
the dynamic observation of the atmosphere in real time. Light interacts with the atmosphere via scattering, emission, and
absorption processes. Using this variety of interaction processes between light and the atmosphere, many important
atmospheric variables can be obtained such as temperature, wind, humidity, and determine atmospheric gases, and cloud and
aerosol optical properties.
The advancement in LiDAR technology is synonymous with the advancement of laser
technology as most LiDAR researchers are usually involved in laser development. With a broad
selection of laser wavelengths and tunable lasers, and the advancement in data acquisition
systems and development of more sophisticated optical components, an important advancement
in LiDaR was the recognition that the spectra of the detected radiation contained highly specific
information related to the species, which could be used to determine the composition of the
object region, such as vegetation mapping and chlorophyll mapping of the ocean.
There are many kinds of LiDAR systems available right now and they are classified based on
the physical processes, platform, detection region, emphasis of signal type, based on topic to
detect, and type of light source or laser used. Some examples of Lidar systems are called Mie,
Rayleigh, Fluorescence, Raman, Differential Absorption, Doppler, White Light, LED,
Airborne, Shipborne, Satellite Lidar systems, etc. just to name a few.
Here we describe the basics of lidar, the different kinds of lidar systems, and how to obtain
some relevant information from light’s interaction with the atmosphere. © IlumiNASYON:
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DLSU LiDAR setup.
About the Speaker:
Dr. Maria Cecilia D. Galvez is faculty member in the Physics Department of the De La Salle University,
Manila, Philippines where she currently co-chairs the Environment And RemoTe sensing researcH (EARTH)
Group. Dr. Galvez obtained her doctorate degree in Physics at the University of the Philippines. Since 1998,
she helped develop different kinds of LiDar systems like Mie Lidar system at EARTH-DLSU, compact
eyesafe Lidar system in Fukui University, and the most recent one was the White Light Lidar system at the
Institute for Laser Technology (ILT) in Osaka University. She is a member of the National Research Council
of the Philippines (NRCP), JSPS Alumni Association of the Philippines, Inc. AAP), Optical Society of
America (OSA), and a board member of the Researchers for Clean Air (RESCUEAIR, Inc.). She was a
recipient of several fellowships like the Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), Short Term STA
Fellowship Award, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Short-term Invitation Fellowship Program
Award for Research in Japan, and the most recent one is the 2014 JSPS Bridge Fellowship Award. Dr. Galvez together with her student,
now Dr. Ernest P. Macalalad, were also a recipient of an Innovative Mention Award at the ASEAN Virtual Instrumentation Applications
Contest 2004 for the paper “Development of a Low Cost Sunphotometer Tracking and Data Acquisition System” sponsored by the
National Instruments. Aside from LiDAR, she is also doing research on air quality measurements and modelling using air sampling,
DOAS, sunphotometry, SEM/EDX, and water quality, and development of cheap, robust, and portable instruments like light emitting
diode based sunphotometer and Lidar systems.
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Optics in Art and Art Analysis
Maricor Soriano
Instrumentation Physics Laboratory, National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City
[email protected]
Abstract:
My talk will be in three parts. First, I will cite key examples of fine art in which optical phenomena were rendered by artists
who have made keen observations of light and light-matter interaction. The artists’ process in expertly rendering light,
perspective, color and texture in their works shall be explained.
Secondly, I will discuss examples of traditional and novel techniques that make use of optics to conserve, restore, archive, and
understand paintings and other cultural heritage objects. All objects such as paintings will eventually disintegrate and acquire
damage through time. Conservation is the process of mitigating risk factors to the paintings or cultural objects such that they
will still be around longer for future generations to appreciate. Restoration is the process of replacing lost or dirty fragments or
repairing damaged sections of the artwork. Archiving is the creation of color-accurate digital copies of the artworks such that
they can be studied remotely or will have a record of their appearance even if they get damaged, stolen, or destroyed. In some
notorious cases, the style of renowned painters are meticulously copied by scrupulous syndicates to fool naïve art collectors
into buying forgeries, some of which fetch millions of dollars in auctions. I will discuss recent papers that demonstrate how
the style of an artist can be analytically determined to distinguish authentic works from forgeries.
Lastly, I will discuss research done at the National Institute of Physics in optics for conservation and analysis of paintings and
other cultural heritage objects. Starting with the UP Open Grant “Art Beyond Appearances”, a 2007-2010 collaborative
project of the NIP with the Jorge Vargas Museum and the Electronics and Electrical Engineering Institute, a technique for
digital cleaning of paintings was developed and published in 2011. Tools for 3D-rendering heritage objects developed in this
project led to collaboration with Dr. Francisco Datar of the Department of Anthropology in studying the Baybayin inscriptions
in the Ticao Stones in 2011. Collaboration with Kyoto University led to the donation of the Niji-S in 2012. The Niji-S is a
high resolution scientific scanner designed for two-dimensional heritage objects. The Niji-S has been commissioned to scan
paintings of the Filipino masters such as Juan Luna, H.R. Ocampo, and Aguilar Alcuaz at the National Museum. Currently, we
are working with National Archives of the Philippines to scan hand-drawn historical maps of cities which we will overlay on
current maps to find how much the landscape of a city has changed. © IlumiNASYON: International Year of Light 2015
Left: Image of F. Amorsolo's "Malacanang by the River" in its original state. Right: Digital cleaning of the same painting as
described in Palomero & Soriano (Optics Express 2011).
About the Speaker:
Dr. Maricor Soriano is professor of physics at the National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines
Diliman who specializes in developing tools and algorithms for video and image processing. Her work spans
multidisciplinary domains such as marine ecology imaging, cultural heritage conservation, sports and
biomechanics, and medical imaging. She was Outstanding Young Scientist in 2006, Third World Academy of
Science Physics Prize recipient in 2009, and The Outstanding Women in the Nation's Service (TOWNS) awardee
in 2013.
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Using Light To Probe Life
Rommel G. Bacabac
Medical Biophysics Group, Department of Physics, University of San Carlos, Cebu City
[email protected]
Abstract:
The fundamental unit of life is a cell and its function is governed by the complex collaboration of an assortment of proteins
and molecules. In the miniscule world inside a living cell, the interplay of forces between these proteins remains functionally
orchestrated despite environmental disturbances due to Brownian motion.
Fibroblastic cells are able to crawl by deforming their bodies, while other cells, as those lining blood vessels sense shearing
forces due to blood flow releasing a relaxing gas to dilate these vessels and lower blood pressure. Bone cells release the same
agent to control the activity of cells that build and destroy the local architecture of bone tissue for efficient weight support.
Thus, the mechanical environment inside and outside living cells become crucial in maintaining functional cellular behaviour
that may directly impact tissue-level processes.
To peer into the world of the cell and manipulate biopolymers singly or in bulk, one may use light as tweezers for just the
right amount of force and high enough precision to determine movement. A refractive particle in water of about a micrometer
size allows a light beam to bend as it crosses the boundary between the liquid medium and the particle. This change in the
direction of light is effectively a momentum change that creates forces pushing the particle towards the focus of the beam. By
trapping a refractive particle in the focus of a laser light, one may manipulate small polymers or even living cells in order to
infer meaningful mechanical properties.
Here we will explore briefly the use of bundled light in squeezing or stretching living cells and biopolymers to find insights
relevant to the workings of life. © IlumiNASYON: International Year of Light 2015
Demonstration of optical trapping: beads formation (a) before, and (b) upon application of electric field. (Pictures courtesy of
Michael Castaňares, Amos Santoya, Lester Geonzon, Medical Biophysics Group)
About the Speaker:
Rommel G. Bacabac finished his PhD at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VUA) in 2006 working on bone cell
mechanosensing. He also served postdoctoral terms at the same university and at the Fundamental Research on
Matter- Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics (FOM-AMOLF). In 2006 he was recipient of the SM Perren
Research award from the European Society of Biomechanics for his paper on the relevance of cell shape in
mechanosensing. Currently, he heads the Medical Biophysics Group in the Department of Physics at the University
of San Carlos, Cebu City. His group’s research interests include biorheology, cell and polymer mechanics, and
mechanosensing.
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Of Lights and Shadows
Anino Shadow Play Collective (Manager: Teny Arellano*)
12-E Salem St., East Fairview, Greater Fairview, Quezon City
* [email protected]
Abstract:
To say that light and optical technologies are critical to our collective's life and future would be an understatement. They,
along with darkness and shadows, form the foundation of our art expression. And pretty much like painters and
photographers, shadowplayers like the ANINO Shadowplay Collective use light and shade or shadow and color to illustrate
mood, create atmosphere, and visually present scenes and characters. Ever mindful of the vital role that technology, especially
lighting technology, plays in our group's collective artistic life, ANINO, since 1996, continues the research and
experimentation on light sources that it inherited from the Anino Makiling Shadowplay Collective.
At present, ANINO's repertoire of light sources progresses from natural light to fire and candlelight to sparks to bulbs
(incandescents, flourescents, halogens, LED). And from flames, fires or lights to projectors (slide, OHP, LCD, LED). These
light sources are often combined to produce desired effects. One can, for instance, combine the romance and warmth of
flickering flames with the more precise and brilliant shadows and colors that an OHP provides. And so, certainly any
development in light and optical technologies favor the collective. As contemporary shadowplayers the world over continue
to experiment, the state of the art of shadow play/theater is globally ever in flux. So it is difficult to place our current level of
research within the “state of the art”. Through its participation in puppetry festivals and its online presence, ANINO makes
its contribution to the development of the art in the international realm. Locally, it is through live performances and
workshops that it does contribute.
Where art is concerned, the question remains is shadow play light art or not? Light art is defined as a form of visual art where
the main medium of expression is light. Where ANINO features light itself more than shadows it can then be said that
ANINO's art is indeed light art. Where science is concerned, it does come into play when light is manipulated in shadowplay.
For instance, there is physics in the basic technique of varying the size and definition of shadows cast by varying the objects'
position between the light source and the screen. However, since we are not scientists, we go about the science part of it
intuitively ... only on hindsight realizing that we have taken advantage of such principles as reflection, deflection,
transmission, refraction and so on and so forth. © IlumiNASYON: International Year of Light 2015
A scene from Arkipelago 2: A Story of Intima-sea.
About the Group:
The Anino Shadowplay Collective, formed in 1996, is a group of multimedia artists committed to popularising the art of shadowplay. Its
members come from diverse backgrounds; educators, cultural workers, visual artists, musicians and theatre practitioners are amongst its
core members. It undertakes live performances, exhibitions, video, animation and workshops often in collaboration with educational and
art institutions. The heart of ANINO’s narratives lie in Philippine traditional art and literature, political history and contemporary culture.
Its aesthetic, like Philippine culture itself, borrows from a wide canvas, taking influence from Filipiniana to universal pop imagery and
experimental art. Questions of Filipino identity are dealt with through projected images and hybrid theatrical styles.
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“Light” and the 1896 Philippine Revolution
Maria Bernadette L. Abrera
Department of History, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City
[email protected]
Abstract:
The two leaders who articulated the ideals of the Katipunan and the 1896 Philippine revolution, Andres Bonifacio and Emilio
Jacinto, conceived the struggle for independence as seeking the light. In the essay “Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga Tagalog”
(What the Filipinos should Know) Bonifacio stated that the Filipinos were blinded by colonialism, believing that they could
attain knowledge and a good life. After 300 years, the light of reason had began to rise in the East, showing them the path
they had to take, to open the eyes of their minds and sacrifice their strength for the good.
Jacinto wrote a lengthy essay, “Liwanag at Dilim” where he examined two concepts, “ningning” (glitter) and “liwanag”
(light). The first deceives and hurts the eyes, while the latter favours sight and reveals the true conditions by showing things
as they truly are. He distinguished the characteristics of true light from mere glitter, which blinds and obscures and yet is
worshipped by those whom it has blinded. Glitter can conceal evil, such as treason and perversity, but light will illuminate
the truth. The twin virtues of sincerity and honesty, for example can be remain bare but would confidently allow themselves
to be seen in the light of day. However, he stated that people reject the light and instead glorify glitter, thus causing misery to
themselves and their countries. He longed for day of the light when the ugliness of treachery and disrespect would be
revealed while the merits of honour and dignity would be shown.
Other qualities such as strength, hope, equality and truth were classified as belonging to the light. These echo the attributes
that were possessed by the epic heroes in Philippine folklore, who dazzled both in their physical and moral attributes. ©
One!of!the!earliest!flags!of!the!Katipunan!and!believed!to!have!been!used!by!Andres!Bonifacio!in!1896.!It!is!a!red!field!with!a!white!sun!at!the!center!and!
the!letters!K.K.K.!below!it.!!Red!was!a!traditional!color!of!bravery!which!could!only!be!a!color!of!warriors!who!had!proved!their!bravery!at!war.!!The!sun,!
primary!source!of!light,!has!always!been!regarded!as!a!source!of!power.!!The!three!Ks!are!understood!to!refer!to!the!revolutionary!organization,!KataasT
taasan,!Kagalanggalangan!na!!Katipunan!ng!mga!Anak!ng!Bayan.!
About the Speaker:
Maria Bernadette L. Abrera, Ph.D. is Professor of History and currently the Chair of the Department of History of
the Philippines – Diliman. Her research interests lie in cultural history, having done several studies on indigenous
culture and society relating to the belief system, women, and navigation, including cultural aspects of the Philippine
revolution. She is a Philippine contributor to the current Oceanides international research program
in maritime history on the boatbuilding tradition in the Philippines.
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Lighting the way with GFP: How Green
Fluorescent Proteins Revolutionized the Study
of Cell Biology
Cynthia Palmes-Saloma
National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City
[email protected]
Abstract:
The discovery of green fluorescent protein (GFP) originally from the Pacific jellyfish Aequorea victoria and from a wide
variety of marine organisms such as corals, sea anemone, sponges and copepods, has revolutionized the field of biological
imaging. The gene for GFP, which encodes a 238 long amino acid, can be fused to target genes within the cell and used in
cell and molecular biology as live cellular reporters or as markers of gene expression.
Most biochemical approaches in visualizing cells involve fixing the cells which somehow compromise the cell’s cellular
architecture. Since the discovery of GFP and its homologs exhibiting a variety of spectral properties, GFP-based labels have
permitted noninvasive study of the cells’ structure and dynamic processes occurring in real time. GFP and its homologs have
likewise been utilized as “molecular clocks” with the changes in color occurring over time reflecting the degree of folding and
assembly of the multimeric molecule. In addition, GFP transgenic animals have also been developed to detect pollution in
waterways (GloFish), as pets or for the more serious task of modeling cancer growth and metastasis.
Since GFP variants come in many colors, the circuitry of the brain can be analyzed in vivo in living organisms without the
need of sacrificing the animal. Recently, molecules labeled with GFP and its variants have been used for single-molecule
super-resolution microscopy with very dramatic images affording us a view of the nanoworld in intact organisms. ©
(Left) A soft coral Alcyonium sp. from Taklong Island, Guimaras, is the source of NIMBB’s locally-isolated GFP–like protein,
asFP504, shown at the right panel in (a) and (b). The maximum excitation of this material is 494 nm with maximum emission
at 504 nm. E. coli cells expressing asFP504 under bright light (c) and UV (d).
About the Speaker:
Dr. Cynthia Palmes-Saloma is presently a Professor of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology and Principal
Investigator at the Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology (LMCB) in the National Institute of Molecular
Biology and Biotechnology (NIMBB) in UP Diliman. She currently serves as the Director of NIMBB. Dr.
Palmes-Saloma received her Ph.D. in Physiology and her MS in Medical Science from Osaka University,
Japan. She was a recipient of the Monbusho scholarship as an undergraduate student at Nagoya University. She
became a research fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) while pursuing her PhD
degree. She joined NIMBB in 1998 and started the Neurobiology Research Group which is now the present
LMCB.
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Seeing Things in a New Light
Nathaniel P. Hermosa II
[email protected]
Abstract:
In the ancient times, there has been a great debate between how we see objects. Plato and his disciples believe that light
comes from our eyes to achieve vision. This is in contrast to the Aristotelian belief that vision involved the eye’s reception of
external images. Of course, we know now that the Aristotelian concept of vision is more similar to our modern understanding
of how we perceive things.
Euclid and Ptolemy, the disciples of Plato, made elaborate mathematical description to show that rays can emerge from our
eyes so that we can see. Ibn al-Haytham, a Muslim scholar and a supporter of Aristotelian conception, however, shows that
the same mathematics can be used to make “imaginary rays” [see Kitab al-Manazir: Book of Optics, (1015)]. These rays
according to him, come from the various points of an object we are seeing and that these rays go to our eyes. Al-Haytham
may not have completely described how we really see things, but his underlying strategy of merging the knowledge of his
time, paved the way for our modern formula of understanding light and its detection.
In my presentation, I will introduce “imaginary rays” of different skews and directions by shaping light itself and show how it
may enhance our detection of objects and events. I will discuss how to shape light and give two examples of enhanced
detection. The first is on determining the speed of spinning object using a donut shaped beam [see C. Rosales-Guzmán, et al.,
Sci. Rep. 3, 2815 (2013); and, M. P. J. Lavery, et al. Science 341, 537 (2013)]. The speed of a spinning object is difficult to
detect because it does not have a Doppler signature under “ordinarily” shaped light when incident perpendicular to its
movement or its speed might be too fast for current detector.
The second example I will discuss is using a “butt-imprint” shaped beam to detect thicknesses in the nanometers scale [see
Hermosa et al., Opt. Lett. 39, 299-302 (2014)]. This method increases the resolution of detection by partially removing the
limit imposed by the wavelength of the beam. I will then conclude by giving research outlooks for these shaped lights. ©
By using shaped light, one can access information changing neither the interaction nor one’s eye.
G. Puentes, N. Hermosa and J.P. Torres, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 040401 (2012).
About the Speaker:
Nathaniel P. Hermosa II is currently an Associate Professor at the National Institute of Physics, University of the
Philippines Diliman. He is also the Program Coordinator of the NIP Photonics Research Laboratory where he is
starting to build a research group that will study structured light and exhaust their uses. He just recently returned
to the Philippines after spending half-a-decade in research institutions in Europe. He was a postdoc at the
Quantum Optics group of Prof. dr. J.P. Woerdman in Huygens Laboratory in Leiden University, the Netherlands
and a Research Fellow at the Quantum Engineering of Light group of Prof. J.P Torres at the Insitut de Ciencies
Fotoniques in Barcelona, Spain. He obtained his BS Applied Physics, MS Physics and PhD Physics degrees from
NIP, UP Diliman.
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Entangled Photons
Francis N. C. Paraan
Structure and Dynamics Group, National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City
[email protected]
Abstract:
Under the framework of quantum mechanics, photons (particles of light) can be prepared in a superposition of two
different internal states. For example, a photon in a superposition of horizontal (state H) and vertical (state V)
polarization states can be prepared so that measuring its polarization will give horizontal 25% of the time and
vertical 75% of the time. This quantum phenomenon is often mistakenly illustrated in popular accounts as the
mind-boggling example of a cat being simultaneously dead and alive (this interpretation is wrong because a cat is
not a quantum object like a photon). Even more interesting situations can arise when we have a pair of identical
photons that can be in different polarization states “at the same time.”
In a special two-photon state called a Bell state the photons are prepared in such a way that (1) both are in state H
and state V with 50% probability each, and (2) they have different polarization states. Experiments have shown
that measuring the polarization of one photon will instantaneously determine the polarization state of the other,
even if they are separated by large distances. This correlation in measurement regardless of their relative
separation is a manifestation of quantum entanglement.
Technological advances in the last few decades have allowed physicists to realize several processes caused by
entanglement that have potential applications in computing and communications. News reports of laboratories
demonstrating quantum teleportation, quantum cryptography, and quantum computation have captured the interest
of the general public. These emerging technologies will be explained in this introductory talk, and clarifications as
to the current practical limits of these processes will be given. © IlumiNASYON: International Year of Light
2015
Two photons can be entangled to produce non-classical effects.
About the Speaker:
Francis Paraan is an Assistant Professor at the National Institute of Physics, University of the
Philippines Diliman. His research interests are in the fields of theoretical condensed matter physics,
quantum information, and cluster computing. He obtained his PhD in Physics from the State
University of New York at Stony Brook where he worked as a research assistant at the C. N. Yang
Institute for Theoretical Physics. He graduated from UP Diliman with a BS degree in Applied
Physics in 2006.
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Elastomeric Optics
Raphael Guerrero
Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Ateneo De Manila University, Loyola Heights, Quezon City
[email protected]
Abstract:
Soft lithographic techniques allow the convenient preparation of deformable elastomeric optical elements. Elastomers, due to
their low cost and versatile fabrication protocols, have proven to be ideal materials for developing flexible optics for diverse
systems. My talk will discuss specific applications in multiplexed volume holography and variable diffraction with a silicone
grating.
Replication of diffractive surfaces by soft lithography is described for both holographic phase masks and planar gratings. A
theoretical framework is established for storing multiple holograms with an elastomer mask based on the modification of path
length by the application of strain. Dynamic diffraction with a stretchable grating is accounted for by a simple modification
of the grating equation that accommodates a change in groove periodicity due to elongation.
Results reported for volume holography include the storage and reconstruction of two-dimensional images and notes on phase
selectivity. Angular scanning as a function of strain is demonstrated for elastomeric gratings. Included in this presentation
are developments in biomimetic optics afforded by soft lithography. Diffraction effects from grating structures on an
elastomer cast of an insect carapace are described. Additional applications include beam deflection and color displays with an
elastomer grating actuated by a shape memory alloy. A concave diffraction grating with a tunable radius of curvature R is
fabricated by embedding a nitinol wire within an elastomeric grating replica. Curvature of the grating is controlled via the
shape memory effect, where strain in the wire is recovered due to phase transformations induced by resistive heating.
A recently developed technique for wavelength tuning of a broadband light source involves a grating membrane installed as a
flexible wall of a sealed fluidic chamber. Injection of excess fluid into the chamber induces expansion of the membrane,
effectively varying the groove spacing of the imprinted grating. Variable diffraction output with a laser source is also possible
with the fluidic grating device. Experimental results are in agreement with a paraboloid model of the change in curvature of
the grating during expansion. © IlumiNASYON: International Year of Light 2015
Developed tunable grating
About the Speaker:
Raphael A. Guerrero obtained his Ph.D. in Physics from the National Institute of Physics, University of the
Philippines Diliman in 2005. Currently, he is an associate professor at the Department of Physics, Ateneo de
Manila University. He served as president of the Samahang Pisika ng Pilipinas (Physics Society of the
Philippines) in 2011 and 2012. In 2013, he was an Outstanding Young Scientist of the National Academy of
Science and Technology – Philippines and a recipient of The World Academy of Sciences Prize for Young
Scientists in Developing Countries. Dr. Guerrero is a member of SPIE and OSA.
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Espasyong Maaliwalas: Articulations of Light in
Philippine Architecture
Gerard Rey Lico
College of Architecture, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City
[email protected]
Abstract:
The Filipino term maaliwalas, a concept which has no equivalent in the English lexicon, combines thermal and optical
properties of space in the context of tropical environment. A structure to be maaliwas must be tropically responsive, one that
allows light and air to penetrate the interior to create a fluid free-flowing space suffused with light. Visual transparency is
summoned by maaliwalas to craft a kind of spaciousness that blurs the boundaries walls and enclosures epitomized by the
bahay-na-bato and ecclesiastical architecture. Maaliwas also conveys a sense of well-being and lightness of feeling, sensation
and movement. The notion of aliwalas is intimately tied to gaan or alwan (lightness) and ginhawa (well-being), conditions
that summons physical and spiritual experience. The state of gaan and ginhawa can be attained via architectural
manipulations by articulating the ethereal and metaphysical properties of light within the architectural space. Light is pivotal
in the experience ginhawa both in the spiritual and corporeal sense. The presence of light in religious architecture alludes to
the eternal presence of an immaterial God, especially in colonial Baroque churches. The medicalization of space and light led
to the modification of the Filipino house as a hygienic and therapeutic site in the early 20th century. © IlumiNASYON:
Light illuminates the interior of Tayabas Church, creating a "maaliwas" space conducive for divine inspiration and symbolic
of God's sacred presence
About the Speaker:
Gerard Lico is an architect, architectural critic and art historian. He teaches at the College of Architecture,
University of the Philippines Diliman. He is the multi-awarded author of publications on Philippine architecture
and cultural studies, designer and curator of pioneering exhibitions in architecture, and produced and directed a
series of documentaries on Philippine built environments. He is the author of “Edifice Complex: Power, Myth,
and Marcos State Architecture” (2003) and “Arkitekturang Filipino: A History of Architecture and Urbanism in
the Philippines” (2008) among others. Apart from his academic and professional practice, he held office as
Head of the National Committee on Architecture and Allied of the National Commission for Culture and the
Arts (2007-2013) and as Director of the Office of the Campus Architect of the University of the Philippines
(2008-2014).
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Light is particle and wave - and everything in
between
Eric Galapon
Theoretical Physics Group, National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City
[email protected]
Abstract:
Light is believed to obey Bohr's complementarity principle which states that light is particle or wave
depending on the experiment to probe its properties: If light is incident upon a double slit, it will
manifest wave behavior; on the other hand, if it is incident upon a metallic surface, it will manifest
particle behavior. The wave and particle properties are mutually exclusive properties or states of light.
According to the rules of quantum mechanics, mutually exclusive states form an orthonormal basis of an
underlying internal Hilbert space of a quantum system. The principle of quantum superposition now
demands that a linear superposition of the states of being particle and wave is also a legitimate state of
light. That is quantum mechanics predicts the existence of a measuring device that can force light to
manifest particle and wave behaviors at once.
In this talk I will discuss the underlying theory of the relationship between complementarity principle
and the quantum superposition principle. I will also discuss the recent first experimental demonstration
of the simultaneous manifestation of the particle and wave behaviors of light. © IlumiNASYON: International
Year of Light 2015
Source: Tang et al., Nature Photonics (2012) doi:10.1038/nphoton.2012.179
About the Speaker:
Dr. Eric Galapon is a Professor of Physics and a University Scientist at the National Institute
of Physics, University of the Philippines Diliman. His research interests include Foundations
of Quantum Mechanics, Computational Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Decoherence
Theory, Quantum Measurements Theory, Quantum Information Theory, Time in Quantum
Mechanics, and Mathematical Physics.
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Slower light in free space
Jacquiline Romero
School of Physics and Astronomy, SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
[email protected]
Abstract:
The speed of light is nominally given by c/n, where n is the refractive index of the medium in which the light is travelling.
The refractive index of free space is 1, hence it is natural to expect that in free space, light travels at c. We show that this is
not the case when you consider real beams that have finite transverse extent.
The modification of the wavevectors comprising the beam result in a change in the phase and group velocities. We study the
group velocity of single photons, whose arrival times are unambiguously established by a click in a single-photon detector.
We generate time-correlated photon pairs via spontaneous parametric down-conversion. One photon is sent through a fiber
delay of a fixed length; the arrival time of this photon is the reference time to which we compare the arrival time of the other
photon, which we can choose to be either unstructured or structured. The structuring is done by spatial light modulators that
can be switched on and off, hence allowing us to have the photons travel through exactly the same optical path, much like in a
race.
We consider photons in a Bessel mode and a focused Gaussian mode, and show that in both cases, the reduction in group
velocity results to a delay of several micrometers over a propagation distance of 1 m or ~30 femtoseconds in terms of arrival
time. The effect is well-understood from a geometric argument and from a rigorous calculation of the harmonic average of the
group velocity, and hence, is not anomalous at all! Our work highlights that, even in free space, the invariance of the speed of
light only applies to plane waves. © IlumiNASYON: International Year of Light 2015
Depiction of spatially structured photons travelling slower than the speed of light (Image credit: Daniel Giovannini ).
About the Speaker:
Dr. Jacquiline Romero completed both her B. Sc. and M. Sc degrees at the National Institute
of Physics, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City. For her Masters degree
research, she focused on tailoring light fields using spatial light modulators (SLMs). Realizing
the potential of SLMs for quantum optics experiments, she joined the University of Glasgow
Optics Group in 2008, which at that time was the only group that use SLMs for quantum
optics. She completed her PhD in 2012, with research on the entanglement of transverse
spatial modes related to optical orbital angular momentum. She is currently a research
assistant in the University of Glasgow, where she works on experimental and theoretical
aspects of entanglement, fundamental issues in quantum mechanics and quantum
information technologies.
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Light and the Cosmos
Jose Perico Esguerra
Theoretical Physics Group, National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City
[email protected]
Abstract:
The importance of light goes beyond the Earth. Much of what we know about the cosmos and our place in the cosmos rests on
our understanding of light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation. Our quest to understand various celestial objects and
the large scale structure of the universe has lead us to a better understanding of the characteristics of light, and an improved
ability to harness and manipulate light. Star lore, the practice of creating mythical stories about stars and star patterns, has
been practiced by nearly every culture in recorded history. Naked-eye observations of the motion of the stars, the Sun, the
moon, and the planets lead to various attempts to develop models of the solar system by philosophers and scientists such as
Aristarchus, Eudoxus, Aristotle, Ptolemy, Copernicus, Brahe, and Kepler.
The invention of the telescope revolutionized astronomy. Galileo first used the telescope to study the heavens in 1609. His
1610 book, Siderius Nuncius, documents his discoveries of lunar craters, the moons of Jupiter, sunspots, and hints of Saturn’s
rings. Bigger and better telescopes were soon invented and deployed by Newton, Cassini, and many others that followed.
Within a century after Galileo started using the telescope, the discovery of stellar aberration and of anomalies in the time of
appearance of Io (one of the moons of Jupiter) lead to the establishment of the finiteness of the speed of light and the first
quantitative estimates of its value. The use of increasingly more powerful telescopes would also lead to discoveries of an ever
growing array of celestial objects from within our solar system to stars, from stars to our Galaxy, from our Galaxy to other
galaxies, and to the knowledge that we live in an expanding universe that used to be extremely hot and compact.
Today, the range of devices that can be used for probing the universe has expanded. Telescopes that can detect radiation in the
radio, infrared, ultraviolet, x-ray and gamma ray wavelengths have been invented. Spectrometers coupled with telescopes
allow us to infer the composition of stars and to discover planets revolving around other stars. These improved tools promise
to help us address open questions regarding the origins of stars and planets, the possibility of life elsewhere, the formation of
structures in the universe, and cosmic mysteries such as Dark Matter and Dark Energy. © IlumiNASYON: International Year
of Light 2015
Part of Galileo’s notebook showing the moons of Jupiter
About the Speaker:
Perry Esguerra is currently the Coordinator of the Theoretical Physics Group and a Professor in NIP. He has
been teaching Physics 10 (Physics and Astronomy for Pedestrians) since 2002 and is the Faculty Adviser of the
UP Astronomical Society. He has taught undergraduate courses in astrophysics and general relativity and has
supervised student research on stellar structure and the physics of self-gravitating systems, and has published a
paper in the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics. He helped train the Philippine team sent to the International
Olympiad of Astronomy and Astrophysics in 2010, and is a member of the International Astronomical Union.
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Pandanggo sa Ilaw
UP Filipiniana Dance Group (Artistic Director: Peter Alcedo, Jr.)
College of Human Kinetics, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City
[email protected]
Abstract:
Pandanggo is a folk dance that is popular in the rural areas of the Philippines. Introduced during the Hispanic period,
Pandanggo evolved from the Spanish folk dance Fandanggo. There are many versions of this dance and two of them become
most popular: the Pandanggo sa Ilaw from Lubang Island Mindoro and Pandanggo Oasioas of Lingayen, Pangasinan.
Pandanggo sa Ilaw is a dance of grace and balance, characterized by lively steps, sprightly figures and clapping which varies
in 3/4 time and is one of the most difficult pandanggos, which involves the presence of three oil lamps called tinghoy manipulated and balanced on the head and the back of each hand.
After a good catch, fishermen of Lingayen would celebrate by drinking wine and dancing, swinging and circling a lighted
lamp. This swinging and circling in their local dialect is called oasiaos, hence, the name Pandanggo Oasioas. This dance is
unique and colorful, which calls for skill in balancing of an oil lamp on the head while swinging in each hand a lighted lamp
wrapped in a porous cloth or fishnet.
The UP Filipiniana Dance Group of the College of Human Kinetics choreographed these Pandanggo dances entitled
“Incandescence” which portrays the warm lights and graceful figures of Pandanggo. With the use of lighted candles in
drinking glasses and colorful handkerchiefs, the dancers will perform their skill on balance and manipulation, and the
brilliance of our rich culture. © IlumiNASYON: International Year of Light 2015
(a) Tableau shot of the Pandanggo sa Ilaw dancers. (b) Graceful balancing of the lighted lamps is highlighted in the
motion blur. (c) Constantly evolving with new challenging moves, pushing the envelope.
About the Group:
The UP Filipiniana Dance Group is the official folk and
modern jazz dance group of the University of the Philippines
Diliman. Through the years, the UP Filipiniana has been
representing both the University and the Philippines in
various international festivals across the globe including
United Kingdom, Switzerland, Italy, Japan, Thailand, and
France. With the Group's mission to keep the folk dances of
the Philippines alive, the Group continues to perform in the
provinces to share their expertise with fellow Filipinos as
artists and as students of UP. The Group is composed of
students from different degree programs; currently with 22
active members with their new and dynamic Artistic Director,
Peter Alcedo, Jr.
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Optics Exhibit by NIP Undergraduate Optics Students (March 9 and16, 2015, NIP Main Lobby)
Title and Exhibitors
Scotch Tape Mosaic
Using Polarized Light
Janforth Daniel Cantor,
Jeremy Alan Hilado, and
Daniel Marquez
DIY Pinhole Camera
(Camera Obscura)
Ralph Aaron S.
Aguinaldo, and Karol
Giuseppe A. Jubilo
Now You See Me,
Now You Don't
Rommil B. Emperado, and
Mario Onglao
The Disappearing
Glass
Jaime Olivares and
Ron Aves
Light and Color using
Benham’s Disk
Gerard Lumain and Dylan
Salcedo
Demonstration of
Anamorphic Art
Using Cylindrical
Reflectors
Martin Francis Bartolome
and Joshua Jesli Santiago
Decoding Secrets
using UV-light
Ryan Carlos Tabernilla
Hamdy Hamdy Abdou
Description of Optical Effects
A mosaic of transparent adhesive tape of varying shapes and
thicknesses was placed on a glass substrate. The mosaic is then
sandwiched between two polarizers. Color pattern is revealed
when the analyzer is rotated. Single polarizer may be used in
conjunction with a laptop monitor screen providing a polarized
illumination light.
Keywords
polarization,
wave
propagation,
Jones matrices
The camera obscura is the precursor to the modern camera. It was
used by Leonardo Da Vinci as a model for the eye and Johannes
Vermeer for realistic drawings and paintings. Here we
demonstrate a simple and affordable handheld camera obscura
that is able to produce clear and detailed images using common
crafting materials.
pinhole
camera,
aperture size,
lenses, ray
tracing
Optical cloaking is demonstrated using off-the-shelf lenses and
explained using geometric ray optics. Alternatively, ABCD
optical ray matrices may be used to describe the cloaking in
terms of the lenses’ focal lengths and distances as reported
recently by Choi and Howell.
Geometric ray
optics, ABCD
matrices,
image
formation
Light slows down when it passes from air to glass, made evident
by the bending of light at an interface. If a transparent object is
surrounded by another material of approximately the same index
of refraction, then the speed of light does not change when it
passes through that object. As a result, the object becomes
invisible.
index of
refraction,
Snell’s law,
transparency
Benham’s Disk is a pattern that produces different colors when
viewed by different people when the pattern is spun along its
central axis. The disk produces color because the spinning of the
pattern tricks the eye into seeing color where there is only black
and white. Because no two people have the same arrangement
and quality of color receptors in their eyes, the spinning pattern
tricks each person’s eyes differently so they each see different
colors.
Anamorphosis pertains to a distorted or deformed image, which
appears natural or undistorted when viewed through a curved
reflector. Here, a cylindrical-shaped reflective object is placed at
the middle of a distorted image revealing a corrected image.
Anamorphosis is also a vital element in transformation optics,
human perception, projection of wider images in photography
and cinematography, and mapping in curved spaces.
color, rods
and cones,
perception
Light energy absorbed by a substance at a high frequency may be
emitted as light having a lower frequency called fluorescence
signal. Substances that are sensitive to UV-light glows faintly
when exposed to UV-light. Written using “invisible ink”, secret
messages may easily be decoded as fluorescence signal using
UV-light.
Fluorescence,
ultraviolet light,
wavelength,
frequency
!
!
reflection,
anamorphosis,
curved spaces;
perception;
Optics!Exhibit!
March!9!and!16,!2015!
34!

Here - National Institute of Physics

Transcription

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