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Innovative Fraud Detection at CMS Mike Doane, Technical Director Federal Healthcare April 10, 2013 Agenda • • • • • • Fraud Characteristics CMS Requirements MarkLogic POC Functionality Use Cases Future Capabilities Q&A Slide 7 Copyright © 2013 MarkLogic® Corporation. All rights reserved. Healthcare Fraud is Huge FY 2012 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 $B 80 4.2 Total Fraud (FBI Est.) Amount Recovered New approaches to detection are needed Slide 8 Copyright © 2013 MarkLogic® Corporation. All rights reserved. 1.6 Spending on Recovery What does fraud look like? • • • • • • • • • • • False storefronts Beneficiary shopping (compromised benes) Networks of fraudsters Ambulance trips – no check-in Home health Double-billing DME proliferation ID theft Prescriptions (forged, resold, etc.) Upcoding Kickbacks Slide 9 Copyright © 2013 MarkLogic® Corporation. All rights reserved. Today’s Approach Sharding of databases by states and territories Manual correlation across states Multiple versions of algorithms Looking at only the claims Looking at these claims well after they’ve been submitted Not incorporating other available sources Not sharing results Slide 10 Copyright © 2013 MarkLogic® Corporation. All rights reserved. CMS Asked For Scalability to evaluate the entire country’s data as a single, unified data set The Agility and Flexibility needed to keep up with changing data sources and evolving data analysis strategies Better Performance - a shorter Time To Market for its data Facilitation of Enterprise Data Sharing within CMS and with CMS partners Slide 11 Copyright © 2013 MarkLogic® Corporation. All rights reserved. Scalability Over 600M documents, 4+TB in the POC Deliver a 300TB+ cluster and eliminate sharding of data by geography Fifty states plus six territories Unknown additional sources Slide 12 Copyright © 2013 MarkLogic® Corporation. All rights reserved. Agility and Flexibility Load data as-is Handle combination of full text (unstructured) and structured data Support in-line data descriptions or enrichment Allow composable queries across all data Full-text search, geospatial constraints, and traditional and fielded constraints all in the same query Handle Unpredictability New data of any type readily incorporated without schema changes – indictment docs, Dunn & Bradstreet, Facebook, Property records Support flexible Provider and Beneficiary profiles Slide 13 Copyright © 2013 MarkLogic® Corporation. All rights reserved. Flexible Profiles Provider NPI Associations Beneficiary Metadata Statistics Assoc Hosp RxCount Assoc -Prov Providers Visit Bill-Amt Addresses InclusionAddress reason ID Address Address Benedistance Slide 14 Annual Billings Copyright © 2013 MarkLogic® Corporation. All rights reserved. Early- Distance TopschedII refill -Rx Flexible Profiles Provider NPI BoardMember Assoc Hosp RxCount Associations Beneficiary Providers Metadata Statistics Visit Assoc -Prov Exclusion Addresses InclusionAddress reason ID Bill-Amt Address Address Benedistance MRIcount Slide 15 Annual Billings DEA Indictment Copyright © 2013 MarkLogic® Corporation. All rights reserved. Early- Distance TopschedII refill -Rx PersonalProperty Auto House $-value Ambulancecount $-value Performance – Time to Market Operate on valid and contemporary data Handle multiple disparate data sources with varying schemas Enrich in place by reference and related data sources Architect for performance and flexibility Distribute loading across servers in the cluster No model changes for new incoming formats Database and Data Warehouse are the same – no data staging between products Slide 16 Copyright © 2013 MarkLogic® Corporation. All rights reserved. Enterprise Data Sharing Support direct data access from external systems Connectivity via Java API, REST API, .NET, ODBC/SQL Facilitate sharing data back to the states or other parties Expose data via SOAP or REST web services Provide efficient transformation of data to meet third party required exchange formats Slide 17 Copyright © 2013 MarkLogic® Corporation. All rights reserved. MarkLogic Delivered SAS, Excel Fraud Review Application Alerting APS Load data “as is” MSIS Claims Slide 18 MDEM Claims Copyright © 2013 MarkLogic® Corporation. All rights reserved. NPI Reference Data Indictments SAS AFRs POC Functionality Provider and Beneficiary Profiles Search Detailed Views Easy Risk Scoring Granular State Policy Document Search Contextual Enrichment of Alerts Incorporation of External Alerts Co-occurrence Analysis Link Analysis Geospatial Analysis Slide 19 Copyright © 2013 MarkLogic® Corporation. All rights reserved. Link/Network Analysis Slide 20 Copyright © 2013 MarkLogic® Corporation. All rights reserved. Geospatial Enrichment & Analysis <provider-address lat="31.25" lon="99.25"> <addr-line1> 1214 Main </addr-line1> <city> Austin</city> <state> TX </state> <zip>98143</zip> </provider-address> Slide 21 Copyright © 2013 MarkLogic® Corporation. All rights reserved. State Policy Documents Slide 22 Copyright © 2013 MarkLogic® Corporation. All rights reserved. Contextual Enrichment of Alerts Slide 23 Copyright © 2013 MarkLogic® Corporation. All rights reserved. POC Findings Aberrant behavior based on NPI registration Compromised beneficiaries Value of external data sources to support link analysis Aberrant behaviors based on high billings Aberrant behaviors based on high procedure codes Aberrant behaviors based on geospatial data Providers that should have been excluded based on sanctions, exclusion lists Slide 24 Copyright © 2013 MarkLogic® Corporation. All rights reserved. Use Case 1: Provider Profiles Clifford Ubani NPI registration (data enrichment) Address coordinates Dunn & Brad Street incorporation (external data sources) Ability to link additional participants (unknown players) Slide 25 Copyright © 2013 MarkLogic® Corporation. All rights reserved. Profile of Clifford Ubani – Multiple NPI Clifford Ubani Family Health Services 8313 Soutwest Fry, Suite 109 Houston, TX Home Health Directcare Link 8313 Southwest Fry, Suite 113 Houston, TX DME Family Health Services (Family DME) 8313 Southwest Fry, Suite 113 Houston, TX DME Slide 26 St. Michaels EMS 9896 Bissonet St. Suite 340 Houston, TX Ambulance Copyright © 2013 MarkLogic® Corporation. All rights reserved. Special Care 8313 Southwest Fry, Suite 215 Houston, TX DME Ubani – Common Address Family Health Services 8313 Southwest Fry, Suite 109 Houston, TX Home Health Slide 27 Copyright © 2013 MarkLogic® Corporation. All rights reserved. CKCC 8313 Southwest Fry, Suite 109 Houston, TX Home Health Ubani – Dunn & Bradstreet Dunn & Bradstreet links Clifford Ubani to: Family Healthcare Person of Interest – Princewill Njoku (CCK DME) 8313 Southwest Fry, suite 107 Future EMS Persons of Interest Monica Stahl, Franklin Godfrey, Wissam Moustafa Zanhar St. Michaels EMS Person of Interest Stephen Onyechi Ballet Healthcare Person of Interest Ededem Edem (Edison Medical Corporation) Special Care Person of Interest Caroline Njoku UBA Holdings Person of Interest Ezinne Ubani Slide 28 Copyright © 2013 MarkLogic® Corporation. All rights reserved. Shared Beneficiaries Family Health Services and CKCC Home Health Family Health Services DME and CKCC Home Health Robert Hill Robert Hill Deborah Fenroy Deborah Fenroy Mitzie Wilson Elbert McNeil Elbert McNeil Iva Parkhill Iva Parkhill Ester Dickey Jeff Ferguson Clarence Green Ester B. Dickey Esther Hunter Clarence Green Lee Parkhill Esther Hunter Ruth Johnson Lee Parkhill Gerald Daniels Carolyn Schexnayder Ruby Haywood Ruth Johnson Lulla Brooks Gerald Daniels Norma Lezine Ruby Haywood Morris Paul Lulla Brooks Zelda Paul Norma Lezine Dorothy Anderson Morris Paul Zelda Paul Copyright © 2013 MarkLogic® Corporation. All rights reserved. Slide 29 Dorothy Anderson Ubani - Medicare Indictment Medicare Indictment Document - June 20, 2010 Clifford Ubani, Ezinne Ubani, and Princewill Njoku (registered nurse) owners of Family Health Services Mary Ellen (vocational nurse) (recruiter) Rolondae Mitchel Straughter (recruiter) Caroline Njoku (recruiter) Michelle Turner (recruiter) Cynthia Garza Williams (recruiter) Slide 30 Copyright © 2013 MarkLogic® Corporation. All rights reserved. Use Case 2: Link Analysis Devon Michael Spicer Multiple NPI Brainex Consulting 1962702597 7447 Harwin Drive, Suite 217 Houston, TX 77036 Mindex Consulting 17506811466 POC Value – Linking Devon Michael Spicer multiple NPI Slide 31 Copyright © 2013 MarkLogic® Corporation. All rights reserved. Indictment Link – Devon Michael Spicer Mobility Store Devon Michael Spicer Indictment Adding external data sources – Indictments – elevates Devon Michael Spicer as Person of Interest and need to further examine his associations and ties to other Medicaid Providers Slide 32 Copyright © 2013 MarkLogic® Corporation. All rights reserved. Persons of Interest – Verona Spicer Slide 33 Copyright © 2013 MarkLogic® Corporation. All rights reserved. Linking Known Entities to Examine Aberrant Behaviors and Relationships Verona Spicer Invision Pros Devon Michael Spicer Elite Care Medical Services 7447 Harwin Drive, Suite 109 Houston, TX 77036 1740298868 Brainex Consulting 1962702597 Mindex Consulting 17506811466 POC Value – Linking Claims and Non Claims Data (Dunn & Bradstreet) to find Suspect relationships and billing behaviors Slide 34 Copyright © 2013 MarkLogic® Corporation. All rights reserved. Use Case 3: Using Density Map to find “unknown” patterns and risk behaviors 8303 Southwest Freeway, Houston, Texas 7 Home Health Agencies – Do they share any beneficiaries – Any beneficiaries billed with aliases – High billable procedure codes Coastal Medical Services – 1144305004 509249318 DANIELLE HAMILTON Coastal Medical Services 1144305004 510322382 DANNY HAMILTON Coastal Medical Services 1144305004 513606514 DE A HAMILTON Coastal Medical Services Houston Optimum Care Associates – 1144305004 512127894 ROBERTHA COX Coastal Medical Services 1740300540 512127894 ROBERTHA COX Houston Optimum Care Associates – Suspicious Doctor – Doctor Emanuel Nwora – Vestibular Diagnostic Codes – one patient billed 800 times Slide 35 Copyright © 2013 MarkLogic® Corporation. All rights reserved. What’s Next More States, more claims, more fields provided Enrichment of provider’s notes A better format for data delivery Additional Data Sources Access DMV and home ownership records Hadoop integration Enhance algorithms with profiles – run as UDFs Leverage Semantic Tech Store Provider to Provider and Beneficiary to Provider as triples Provider and Beneficiary profiles as hierarchical docs in XML Traverse triples graph for relationships and focus using queries on profiles Slide 36 Copyright © 2013 MarkLogic® Corporation. All rights reserved. And There’s Too Much Waste Estimated Waste in US Healthcare Spending Unnecessary Care Fraud & Abuse Administrative Inefficiency Medical Mistakes Preventable Conditions Slide 37 Copyright © 2013 MarkLogic® Corporation. All rights reserved. Any Questions? Slide 38 Copyright © 2013 MarkLogic® Corporation. All rights reserved. For More Information Mike Doane, Technical Director Federal Healthcare [email protected] Slide 39 Copyright © 2013 MarkLogic® Corporation. All rights reserved.