POS tagging probability weighted method for matching the Internet

POS tagging probability weighted method for matching the Internet

POS tagging probability
weighted method for matching
the Internet recipe ingredients
with food composition data
KDIR 2015 – 7th International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and
Information Retrieval
Tome Eftimov
Barbara Koroušić Seljak
Computer
Systems
Jožef Stefan Institute
{tome.eftimov, barbara.korousic}@ijs.si
Computer Systems Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Overview
•  Motivation
•  Introduction
•  Related work
•  Problem definition
•  Evaluation and results
•  Conclusion
Motivation
Introduction
•  Food composition databases (FCDBs)
•  Internet recipes
•  Information retrieval method
Related work
•  Matching text concepts to an entry in a knowledge
base has been addressed in many ways
•  Muller et al. (2012) presented a system that
automatically calculates the nutritional content of
recipes sourced on Internet
•  6 human assessors manually evaluate list of ingredients for
ambiguous ingredient names
•  1,515 positively classified instances to witch they added the same
number of negatively classified instances
•  features extraction and penalized regression model
•  91.1% of the recipes they used were matched completely
Problem definition
• 
People use human language to
write the names of the used
ingredients
§  “salt - iodised”, “iodised salt”,
“salt, idodised”
• 
• 
Ingredient synonymy problem
The form of the ingredient and the
cooking process
Proposed method (1/2)
• 
POS tagging (NN*,JJ*,VB*)
• 
String similarity - Jaccard index
• 
Laplace probability estimate
Proposed method (2/2)
Evaluation and results
•  Data – collection of 721 recipes written in English 1
•  1,615 different names of ingredients
•  EuroFIR FCDB 2
§ 
§ 
food table
ENGFDNM
•  44,033 English names of food analyses
1 http://allrecipes.com/
2 EuroFIR
– non-profit Association under the Belgian law, http://www.eurofir.org/
Data pre-processing
•  Remove punctuations
•  Convert each name in lower case letters
• 
Whitespace tokenization
•  Lemmatization, only for nouns
•  Manually created rules (without skin; skinless),
(with salt; salted)
Experiment 1
Recipe
gibanica
omakasojina
pomaranče
melona
FCDB
Code
prekmurskagibanica
RECMEM000162
sojinaomakatamari
(izsoje)
16124
pomaranča
melonacasaba
melonahoneydew
P0402
9183
9184
Experiment 2 (1/2)
oregano
bread
salsa
milk
corn
water butter
vegetable-oil
lettuce
lime
all-purpose-flour
fresh
onions
liquid-smoke-flavoring ginger-ale
mayonnaise hoisin-sauce flank shallots
walnuts
mushroomsred-wine
chili-powder
brioche
teriyaki-sauce
pesto
fresh-cilantro ground-turkey
fresh-okra
paprika broccoli-florets
margarine
ground-beef white-wine
tomato fresh-ginger
dried-thyme
linguine
leeks
honey sweet-onion
basil
eggs,-beaten
sour-cream
barbeque-sauce
tomatoes broccoli
green-onion
ground-ginger
fresh-parsley
onion-salt
limes
fresh-ginger-root
bay-leaf
root-beer
tamari
dark-rum
instant-rice
eggplant
chicken-bouillon-powder
frozen-puff-pastry,-thawed
coarse-grain-brown-mustard
farfalle-pasta fresh-curry-leaves corn-bread-mix canned-tomatoes
black-beans,-drained
peeled-potatoes
vegetable-broth
onions,-coarsely
cannelloni-noodles
carrots
lean-ground-beef
ground-nutmeg ginger
american-cheese
seasoning-salt fresh-thyme tomato-paste
eggs
beer
orange-juice ground-white-pepper beef-bouillon
garlic-salt dried-parsley dried-tarragon spinach
pre-baked-pizza-crust
sun-dried-tomatoes
cooked-chicken
egg
apple
longhorn
cashews lemon-zest heavy-cream
maple-syrup lime,-juiced coconut-milk
potatoes,-peeled-and-cubed
yellow-cornmeal
blue-cheese
ranch-dressing
red-potatoes
taco-seasoning-mix
bell-pepper
prime-rib-roast blue-cheese,-crumbled
as-desired
red-onion
salt
olive-oil
dill
yellow-onion
melted-butter
black-pepper
bean-sprouts prepared-mustard
dry-grits
garlic,-peeled cooking-spray
garlic
shallot
green-bell-pepper
dried-oregano
cooking-oil seasoned-salt
fresh-lime-juice cider-vinegar
bread-crumbs oyster-sauce flour sesame-oil
bagel romaine-lettuce carrot
lemon dried-cranberries pastry
bulk-italian-sausage
pepperoni lard sea-salt
oil
egg,-beaten
dried-rosemary cayenne-pepper
corn-oil
bok-choy
egg-whites
red
buds
salt,
brown-sugar
ketchup
kale
ham
pork-tenderloin
chili-oil
cucumber
peanuts cornmeal pizza-sauce
halibut
pepper cornstarch
more cold-water
parmesan-cheese
apple-cider-vinegar
ground-black-pepper
white-sugar soy-sauce
raisins hot-sauce
brown-rice
beef-chuck-roast snow-peas
zucchini
red-wine-vinegar white-pepper
kosher-salt
green-onions
tilapia
chili-sauce
crumbled-feta-cheese
black-olives,-drained
ground-cinnamon parsley
buttermilk
distilled-white-vinegar
italian-seasoning
lamb-ribs
thighs*
fennel
iceberg-lettuce canola-oil
dried-basil clams
rubbed-sage cauliflower radish
cooked-white-rice cooked-ham
carrots,-peeled
vinegar
fresh-mint
bay-leaves pork-spareribs
pork-loin
ground-cloves
ground-chicken
onion
egg-yolk
spaghetti
cheddar-cheese
mozzarella-cheese
black-olives
dry-mustard
butter,-softened
celery
flour-tortillas
ground-allspice
ricotta-cheese ground-cumin
mushrooms,-drained
red-cabbage
chicken-stock
feta-cheese celery-seed
warm-water whole-milk
curry-powder
cream-cheese
italian-cheese-blend
bacon
baking-soda tomato-sauce red-pepper-flakes
rice-vinegar orange-zest
beef-frankfurters
beef-broth
frozen-spinach,-thawed-and-drained
fresh-basil water-chestnuts,-drained
breadcrumbs garam-masala skinless,-boneless-chicken-breast-halves
fresh-corn-kernels
enchilada-sauce snap-peas
bread-flour
chinese-rice-wine swiss-cheese rum
yellow-bell-pepper fresh-lemon-juice red-pepper
ground-coriander dry-white-wine
peanut-oil port
corn-tortillas cilantro
coconut-oil
cumin oil-for-deep-frying
glaze: red-bell-pepper fresh-broccoli
jalapeno-pepper dried-marjoram
refrigerated-crescent-rolls baby-back-pork-ribs
sesame-seeds dijon-mustard brandy
ground-thyme alfredo-sauce
roma-(plum)-tomatoes plain-yogurt condensed-cream-of-chicken-soup
curry-paste
fish-sauce
applesauce
sake
sunflower-seeds
whole-cloves
butter,-melted
fennel-seed
low-sodium-soy-sauce
banana
garlic-cloves light-soy-sauce
country-style-pork-ribs
deli-ham
self-rising-flour pineapple,-drained eggs,-lightly-beaten unbaked-pie-crust
asiago-cheese tortilla-chips
evaporated-milk
granulated-garlic
herbes-de-provence
molasses
boneless-pork-loin-roast
black-peppercorns
arugula
tomatoes-with-green-chile-peppers
coarsely-ground-black-pepper fresh-dill provolone-cheese capers
marinara-sauce poultry-seasoning
pork-chops cream-cheese,-softenedpork-baby-back-ribs cold-milk boneless-pork-loin-chops
tuna,-drained bitter-ale red-bell-pepper,-seeded brown-gravy-mix
hamburger-buns,toasted fresh-bread-crumbs
chinese-five-spice-powder
pepperoni-sausage
fresh-basil-leaves
onion,-halved
firm-tofu honey-mustard dry-red-wine
sharp-cheddar-cheese lemon-pepper
pita-breads fresh-green-chile-peppers
egg,-lightly-beaten tomato-juice
imitation-crab-meat
uncooked-white-rice condensed-cream-of-celery-soup
shrimp,-peeled-and-deveined frozen-bread-dough,-thawed eggs,-well-beaten spaghetti-sauce
dried-dill-weed beef-sirloin-steak cubed-cooked-chicken dry-ranch-style-dressing-mix
hickory-flavored-barbeque-sauce garlic, sugar-snap-peas bell-peppers
tarragon-vinegar firm-tofu,-drained-and-cubed garbanzo-beans,-drained-and-rinsed
dark-sesame-oil green-chile-peppers angel-hair-pasta frozen-peas
ginger-paste crumbled-feta beef-stock
white-rice dark-beer
whole-chicken
extra-virgin-olive-oil
shortening
Perfect - 1,210 (74.92%)
Very similar - 273 (16.90 %)
Similar - 78 (4.84%)
Incorrect - 54 (3.34%)
onion-powder freshly-ground-black-pepper white-vinegar
mexican-cheese-blend
hot-pepper-sauce worcestershire-sauce peanut-butterromano-cheese
fresh-mushrooms chicken-broth
lemon-juice garlic-powder
surimi
• 
• 
• 
• 
Perfect, Very similar, Similar
and Incorrect matches
tomatoes,-drained
potatoes
cajun-seasoning
lettuce-leaves baby-back-ribs
burgundy-wineground-pork
fresh-coriander steak-sauce
cumin-seeds
cubed-cooked-ham
chile-garlic-sauce
• 
We divided the matches on 4
groups
dry-polenta
flounder
roast-beef
unbaked-pie-crusts
• 
american-and-cheddar-cheese-blend
apple-juice
frozen-green-peas,-thawed baby-spinach-leaves jalapeno-pepper,-seeded flaked-coconut
skinless,-boneless-chicken-breast-half unbaked-pizza-crust
beef-bouillon-granules
almond-meal italian-style-salad-dressing
bulk-pork-sausage
steak-seasoning crumbled-gorgonzola-cheese whole-wheat-bread
beef-chuck-flanken ice-water seasoned-bread-crumbs
cumin-seed boneless-chicken-breast-halves,-cooked
reduced-sodium-soy-sauce panko refrigerated-pizza-crust peeled-and-deveined-shrimp
dark-soy-sauce skinless,-boneless-chicken-breast
pitted-kalamata-olives
english-muffins
monosodium-glutamate
prepared-pizza-crust
boneless-country-style-pork-ribs fresh-asparagus italian-seasoned-bread-crumbs
apple-jelly
salsa,
kikkoman-soy-sauce turnips
yeast rice-wine heavy-whipping-cream green-bell-peppers
portobello-mushroom-caps uncooked-long-grain-white-rice
flank-steak
refrigerated-pizza-dough rice-flour garlic,-pressed dry-lentils
chile-paste ground-turmeric
salami
potatoes,-peeled
spicy-brown-mustard
couscous boneless-beef-short-ribs
fine-salt dried-chives
heinz-tomato-ketchup
chile-sauce panko-bread-crumbs
fresh-chives baking-powder avocado---peeled,-pitted cherry-tomatoes lean-ground-turkey
porter-beer
colby-monterey-jack-cheese
pineapple
green-bell-pepper,-seeded half-and-half
white-wine-vinegar celery-salt
deep-dish-frozen-pie-crusts
fresh-spinach dry-bread-crumbs rice-wine-vinegar dry-milk-powder
dry-oatmeal black-beans,-rinsed-and-drained cabbage
ranch-style-beans
hot-water
ground-sirloin beef-brisket
hamburger-buns dry-onion-soup-mix condensed-tomato-soup pork-tenderloins
lemon,-juiced
softened-butter pecans
lime-juice tuna monterey-jack-cheese toasted-sesame-seeds extra-firm-tofu ground-lamb
french-fried-onions plum-sauce
barbecue-sauce
cherry-tomatoes,-halved
condensed-cream-of-mushroom-soup
kaiser-rolls
mustard-powder hot-chile-paste
beef-short-ribs sugar
roma-tomatoes
brown-ale prepared-horseradish
dry-sherry balsamic-vinegar active-dry-yeast fresh-rosemary prepared-yellow-mustard white-bread
grapeseed-oil
chicken artichoke-hearts,-drained
red-bell-peppers
Experiment 2 (2/2)
• 
Perfect matches
• 
• 
• 
Very similar matches
• 
• 
• 
(fresh cilantro; spices, coriander seed
(cilantro) )
(uncooked egg noodles; egg noodles)
Similar matches
• 
• 
(dry penne pasta; pasta, without egg,
dry)
Incorrect matches
• 
• 
(black olives; olives, black)
(fresh ginger; ginger, fresh)
(angel hair pasta; cake angelfood,
commercially prepared)
Perfect and very similar matches
are 91.82% together
Conclusion
•  Method for matching recipe ingredients with food
composition data
•  Can be use to explore what is missing in the
FCDBs
•  No need of labeled data
•  The result can be used for feature selection and
then solving classification problems
Quisper Ontology Learning from
Personalized Dietary Web
Services
Tome Eftimov, Barbara Koroušić Seljak, Peter Korošec
{tome.eftimov, barbara.korousic,peter.korosec}@ijs.si
Paul Finglas
Computer
Systems
Jožef Stefan Institute
{paul.finglas}@ifr.ac.uk
Computer Systems Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Quisper Ontology Learning
How to extract the knowledge from
the data sources using different ways
of describing and classifying the
data ???
Quisper Ontology Learning
How to extract the knowledge from
the data sources using different ways
of describing and classifying the
data ???
l 
l 
Taxonomy
Ontology
Quisper taxonomy
Quisper ontology
Thank you for your attention!!!