2012 New Orleans Book of Fundamentals

new
orleans
book of
funda-
mentals
Eskew+Dumez+Ripple
2013 First Edition
Purpose
Sustainability is created by combining comfort, performance, and Beauty.
The“New Orleans Book of Fundamentals” is designed to provide project teams with the framework needed to produces high
performing buildings in New Orleans and along the Gulf Coast. Part published standards and part original research, the
booklet complies information on sustainability from many different sources into one manual. The focus on the information
presented is optimization. There are ideal conditions for window to wall rations and shading depth that are unique to New
Orleans’s location and climate. These number are not meant to be absolute, but a benchmark with which design teams
can compare their designs against. Another emphasis is priority. Some design decisions have a significant impact on the
performance of a building, and some have very little. The booklet should help is setting priorities for different sustainability
strategies.
The Booklet is only part of the “ N.O. Book of Fundamentals”. To support the information in this book, there are a series
of Excel spreadsheet based tools on the server to help project teams make quick sustainable calculations and to track a
project during the design process. The toolkit can be accessed on the server at Library>project related>Design>Environmen
tal>Design Tools>Tools.
Comfort
Here, Excel spreadsheet tools will assist in:
- Calculating thermal transmission through the envelope
- Calculate assembly U-values
- Plan for lighting quality and quantity
- Calculate Lighting power density
- Calculate Storm water managed on site
- Cistern sizing
- Calculating potable water reduction
- Creating a simple whole building energy model
2 _ Eskew+Dumez+Ripple
Sustainability
Performance
Beauty
where to start
Minimize Infiltration
Optimize Insulation
Minimize Solar Gain
Provide Daylighting
Provide Controllability
Specify an Efficient HVAC System
Manage Stormwater on Site
Reduce Potable Water Use
Decrease Material Waste
Use High Performance Glazing
Control Glare
Generate Energy
FF Have renovations tested for air tightness
FF R - 25 c.i. for roofs, R - 19 for walls
FF Provide external shading
FF Provide optimal window to wall ratios
FF Thermal and lighting
FF Have multiple systems modeled
FF Use pervious surfaces and provide storage
FF Specify efficient plumbing fixtures
FF Use local and recycled materials
FF VT>60%, SHGC <30%
FF Separate daylighting and vision windows
FF Incorporate solar and / geothermal
3 _ Eskew+Dumez+Ripple
CLIMATE
95% of Buildings and 99% of square footage from
90°
the 2012 design year are located in New Orleans
January
Ne w Orleans L A
Month
February
March
April
These charts show when and
Month
HDD
65°
CDD
65°
Sun
sunlightDifference
should be
Month
Month
HDD-65°FHDD-65°F
CDD-65°F
HDD-65°FCDD-65°F
Difference
CDD-65°F
Month
Difference
DifferenceHDD-65°F where
CDD-65°F
blocked or let into a building.
LetHeating
in
one 137 Heating
Heating
January
January 208
20871
208
71
January
137
71 Heating
137137
208Each dot represents
71
hour of the year. A Shade
LetHeating
in
Heating
February
February 167
16757
167
57
February
110
57 Heating
110110
167that blocks 57
sun above 50 110 Heating
degrees
will
block dot above
Block
Cooling
Cooling37the curved201
March
March
37
37
20137
201
-164
March
201 Cooling
-164
-164
-164 Cooling
50°line.
April
April
13
13
24113
Block
Cooling
Cooling13
241
-228
April
241 Cooling
-228
-228
241
Block sun
May
May
0
432
0 0
Block
Cooling
Cooling 0
432
-432
May
432 Cooling
-432
-432
June
June
0
513
0 0
Block
Cooling
Cooling 0
513
-513
June
513 Cooling
-513
-513
July
JulyJuly
0
527
0 0
Block
Cooling
Cooling 0
527
-527
July
527 Cooling
-527
-527
August
August
August
0
505
0 0
Block
Cooling
Cooling 0months have
505
-505
August
505 Cooling
-505
-505
505very
0
444
0 0
Block
Cooling
Cooling
52
52
21352
November November
November 190
19049
190
December December
December 243
24355
243
May
June
September September
September
October
October
October
4 _ Eskew+Dumez+Ripple
-228 Cooling
432
Block some sun
-432 Cooling
Allow sun
513in
-513 Cooling
527
The summer and winter
-527 Cooling
-505 Cooling
different shading needs.
444
-444
September
444 Cooling
-444
-444
0Operable shades
444 (which -444 Cooling
can be changed at least
Block
Cooling
Cooling52twice a year)
213
-161
October
213 Cooling
-161
-161
213will be
-161 Cooling
more effective than fixed
LetHeating
in
Heating
49
November
141
49 Heating
141141
190shades. 49
141 Heating
LetHeating
in
Heating
55
December
188
55 Heating
188188
243
55
188 Heating
70°
50°
30°
10°
Winter - Spring
90°
70°
50°
30°
10°
Summer - Fall
SOLAR CONTROL
Summer Sun Blocked
100%
Winter Sun Blocked
Shading Effectiveness
°
45
Optimal Range
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
90°
80°
70°
60°
50°
90°
°
5
-5
0°
40°
30°
20°
10°
On the south, East, and West facades provide overhangs that block sun above 45 to
50 degrees. For each foot of vertical glazing, aim for 8.4 to 12 inches of overhang.
Louvers work with the same proportions.
For the East and West
facades, vertical fins can
be used to supplement
shading, but horozontal
overhangs shoudl be
primary
0.7
1
1
55°
1
45°
=
=
Shading at multiple scales
5 _ Eskew+Dumez+Ripple
ENERGY
Building energy use is quantified using the EUI (Energy Use Intensity) which is measured in units of kBtu / Square Foot / Year
Building Type
Site
EUI
60%
Goal EUI
High School
76*
30
Primary School
66*
26
University Building
120
48
Restaurant
302
121
Hospital
227*
91
Health - Outpatient
84
34
Lodging
87*
35
Office
84*
34
Library
104
42
Fire / Police Station
78
31
Mall
107
43
Retail– non food
92*
37
Multi-Family Residential
49
20
Religious Worship
46
18
Laboratory
360
144
* http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=new_bldg_design.bus_target_finder
6 _ Eskew+Dumez+Ripple
From 2010 to 2014 we have pledged to reduce
60% below the benchmark.
From 2015 to 2019 the goal will be 70%.
energy use by
Step 1 - Find your benchmark EUI
Before beginning to design, identify the benchmark for your building type.
For numbers with an asterisk, go to “Target Finder” on the Energy Star
website for an more accurate benchmark.
Step 2 - Set a goal EUI
Take your benchmark and subtract 60%. This is your EUI target. If there
is reason that your building can not achieve a 60% reduction, set an
ambitious, yet realistic goal.
Step 3 - Verifify EUI
energy models will verify that you are on track for your goal EUI. Have an
energy model conducted during each phase of the project and ask for
more than one wall assemply, glazing system or mechanical system to be
modeled for comparison.
ENVELOPE
Infiltration
Infiltration, air leaking through the envelope, can account for more than a third
of a building’s energy use in a hot-humid climate. Infiltration is meastured in
air changes per hour (ACH). A tight builing might have 0.5 ACH, while a leaky
buiding might have 1 to 2 ACH. The differnce in total energy use between the
same building with 0.5 ACH and 2 ACH might be as high as 50%. If the project is
a renovation of an existing building, creating a tight shell should be the number
one goal. All renovations or existing builings need to be tested for air tightness.
10’
Conduction
Insulation can go a long way to improving energy efficiency, but walls alone may
not be the largest driver of energy use. To determine where to invest in added
insulation, it is helpful to calculate a UA for the building. Divide 1 by the R Value for each assembly to calculate the U - Value. Then multiply the U - Value by
the area to find the UA. Sum up the UA for the entire building to find the total UA.
The lower the UA, the better.
In the example below, 80% of the heat Gain (or loss) is through the windows. In
this case, adding additional insulation to the walls would have very little benefit,
while improving the windows would significantly improve energy performance.
10’
10’
R - Value
U - Value Area (sf)
UA
% of UA
Walls
19
0.05
350
18.4
15%
Glazing
0.5
2.00
50
100
80%
Roof
30
0.03
100
3.3
3%
Floor
40
0.03
100
2.5
2%
UA - Total
124.3
TOOL - See "Thermal Conductance Worksheet" in the sustainability tools folder
7 _ Eskew+Dumez+Ripple
INSULATION
More Insulation is better. Aim for
R - 20 C.I. roofs and R - 19 walls.
Space Type
Situation
Best Practice
Code Minimum
Roofs
Above Deck
R - 20 c.i.
R - 20 c.i.
Metal Building
R - 26
R - 19
Attic
R - 38
R - 38
Mass
R - 5.7 c.i.
R - 5.7 c.i.
Metal Building
R - 16
R - 13
Steel Framed
R - 13
R - 13
Wood Framed
R - 13
R - 13
Mass
R - 6.3 c.i
R - 6.3 c.i
Conditioning a space is a balance between adding
heat (or removing it) and conduction loss through
the envelope. To improve comfort you can either
use more energy or waste less. Additional insulation
and more air conditioning will both have the exact
same effect on comfort.
Steel Joist
R - 19
R - 19
Polystyrene
R - 4 / Inch
Wood Framed
R - 19
R - 19
Polyurethane
R - 6 / Inch
Polyisocyanurate
R - 7 / Inch
Walls
Floors
* C.I. - Continous Insulation - not interupted by framing
* For New Orleans, the best practice and code minimum insulation values are very similar
* The values above are for insulation, not assembly
8 _ Eskew+Dumez+Ripple
GLASS SELECTION
Glass Metrics
VT
The amount of visible light that is transmitted through the glass. A VT of 0 is completely opaque while a VT of 1 would be completed transparent.
SHGC
The Solar Heat Gain Coefficient is the fraction of the sun’s energy transmitted through
the glass. In a hot climate, a lower number is better.
UV Transmittance
The amount of UV radiation that is transmitted through the glass.
U - Value
The amount of heat that is transmitted through the glass. A lower value is more insulating
LSG
Light to Solar Gain Ratio is calulated by dividing VT by SHGC. This is the about of light transmitted per unit of heat. For a hot climate, the higher the better. Choose LSG > 2.0
Emissivity
The ability of a material to radiate heat. Clear glass has a very high emissivity, 0.85 to 0.95. Low E glass can be .4 to .05. in a hot climate, lower in better.
TOOL - Use CONFEN to calulate optimal window choices
For Vision zone
For Daylighting
For Glass Facades
For Passive Solar
Keep VT below 0.4 to avoid
glare choose a low SHGC.
Choose a glass with a high VT
and the highest possible LSG
Emphasize a low SHGC, low
emissivity, and a low U-Value.
Emphasize a high SHGC, low U-Value,
and optimal exterior shading.
3' -7' AFF
>7' AFF
9 _ Eskew+Dumez+Ripple
GLAZING
In New Orleans, the most efficient window wall ratio for a north facade is
Glazing for daylighting
Small windows will save energy by daylighting while not contribute to very much
to thermal transmission. Once the Window to wall ratio (WWR) exceeds 35% on
the north facade, there is little additional benefit from daylighting while heat
gains accelerate. Adding shading on the South, east, and west Facade will allow
more glass for the same energy consumption.
y
erg
l En
a
Tot
Building Energy Use
i
ond
C
ace
tion
gy
ner
E
ing
Optimal Range
Sp
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Window to Wall Ratio on the North facade
10 _ Eskew+Dumez+Ripple
Energy cost of an all-glass
facade over optimal WWR
North 1.8 Time more energy
South 2.6 Times more energy
East 2.8 Times more energy
West 2.8 Times more energy
Best distribution of glazing for
optimzing energy and daylighting
Facade
No Shade
Shades
North42%24%
South26%33%
East
16%
21%
West16%21%
Lighting Energy
80%
15% to 25%
South Facade
East / West Facade
To
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Window to Wall Ratio on the South facade
80%
e
ad
Sh
gy
o
Lighting Energy
10%
er
-N
En
gy
ng
er
ni
En
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ta
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r
ne
-
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Optimal range with shades
e
ad
h
oS
Optimal range with out shades
With Shades- Glaze between 15% and 20%
Without shades - Glaze between 5% and 10%
Building Energy Use
Optimal range with shades
Optimal range with out shades
Building Energy Use
With shades - Glaze between 25% and 30%
Without shades - Glaze between 10% and 15%
Lighting Energy
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Window to Wall Ratio on the East and West facades
11 _ Eskew+Dumez+Ripple
GLARE
Three Strategies for Solar Control
No Contr
No Contr
ol
Distance from Window
Low transmitting glass will reduce light
levels proportionally throughout the space.
No Contr
ol
Distance from Window
Louvers will decrease light level by the
windows and allow light to bounce further
into the space, creating more even lighting.
ol
Distance from Window
Perforated metal does little to reduce light
levels by the windows, but then prevents
light from penetrating deep in the space.
This creates uneven lighting.
Reasons to Avoid Perforated Metal in the
Vision and Daylighting Zones
1) No glare control
2) Less daylight for the same thermal conduction
3) Creates harsh light contrast during the day
4) Prevents views at night
5) Creates uneven daylighting
6) Expensive - One facade for the price of two
12 _ Eskew+Dumez+Ripple
X
Foot Candles
Perforated Metal
Foot Candles
Louvers
Foot Candles
Low VT Glass
Vs.
Louver
Perf
CONTROLLABILITY
More Controls = More Comfort = Less Waste
Comfort cannot be achieved through engineering alone. To provide 100% comfort, people need to be given the means to alter their
own environment. In 2000 years, let's see how far we've come.
EUI: 0
Comfort: 57%
The Pantheon is a net zero building. The climate in Rome Is such that with
adequate internal gains and ventilation comfort can be achieved 57% of the
time. (The exact same percentages New Orleans) Over the course of the year, the
Roman priests who worked here were comfortable 57% of the time.
EUI: 42.4
Comfort: 17%
EDR's Office uses significantly more energy then the Pantheon. During the
summer of 2012, a survey confirmed that only 17% of the office was comfortable.
In theory, a sealed, heated and cooled space should provide comfort 100% of the
time. In practice, this is not the case. Operable windows, individual thermostats,
and micro-climates can provide more comfort for less energy.
13 _ Eskew+Dumez+Ripple
80%
100
60% %
80%
.026
.026
.022
%
40
%
.022
40
100
%
27% of the year: Too hot and humid for passive systems
27% of the year: Too hot and humid for passive systems
5 % of the year: Too cold passive systems
5 % of the year: Too cold passive systems
11% of the year: Comfort zone - Requires operable windows
11% of the year: Comfort zone - Requires operable windows
57% Area where passive systems are effective
57% Area where passive systems are effective
60%
PASSIVE SYSTEMS
.018
.014
20%
.010
Humidity Ratio
Each dot on the psychrometric chart.
represents one hour out of a tiplical
meterologocal year. All are 8760 hours
are represented.
.014
20%
.006
.006
.002
40
14 _ Eskew+Dumez+Ripple
50
40
60
50
70
60
80
70
90
80
0%
100
Temperature °F
Temperature °F
90
110
100
.010
.002
0%
110
Humidity Ratio
.018
60%
A tight, well insulated
envelope will provide comfort
at an external temperature
of down to 55° through
retentiona of internal gains.
80%
57% of the year in New Orleans, comfort can be achieved through passive
systems alone. A well insulated building with operable windows, ceiling fans,
and optimal shading can take advantage of all these strategies. Traditional
southern arctiecture like the plantation house above emphasized these three
strategies to mazimize comfort without electricity.
%
Internal Gains 26%
100
New Orleans passive Strategies
.026
40
%
.022
.018
20%
.010
Humidity Ratio
.014
.006
.002
0%
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
.018
20%
.010
Humidity Ratio
.014
60%
%
80%
.026
%
.022
40
40
%
.022
Celing fans will provide
comfort at wamer
temeratures for very little
energy.
.018
.014
20%
.006
.006
.002
.002
0%
40
50
60
70
80
Temperature °F
90
100
110
.010
Humidity Ratio
Provide south facing high
SHGC windows with a low
U-value and a high thermal
mass floor. Be sure to shade
optimally.
Air Speed 19%
.026
100
60%
100
%
Passive Solar 8%
80%
Temperature °F
0%
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
Temperature °F
15 _ Eskew+Dumez+Ripple
AIR MOVEMENT
Fan Forced Ventilation
Running a fan during the summer can make the
indoor temperature feel 5 degrees cooler. This allows
the air conditioner to be run less often and at a
higher set point. In terms of occupant comfort, air
movement can reduce new Orleans' cooling degree
days by 39%, making the cooling load similar to St.
Louis, MO or Raleigh, NC. Combining ceiling fans
and air conditioning can save around 32% over air
conditioning alone.
St. Louis, MO
Natural Ventilation
Natural ventilation will have limited effects in New
Orleans due to low wind speeds and no prevailing wind
direction. This strategy only be used for very thin floor
plates (<15' from a window) or rooms with windows on
2 sides.
< 100<100100- 400
- 700
100 -400
400
- 1000
400 -700
700
1000 - 1500
- 2000
700 -1500
1000
2000
- 2500
2500
- 3500
1000>3500
- 1500
1500 - 2000
2000 - 2500
2500 - 3500
New Orleans
>3500
New Orleans, LA
cooling degree days - 2776
CDD equivalent with air movement - 1619
16 _ Eskew+Dumez+Ripple
Raleigh, NC
WIND
Wind Rose
20%
Wind Vectors
60%
100
80%
%
Relative Humidity [RH]
Expand the comfort zone
.026
N
.022
40
%
10%
6
m/
s
3
.018
ed
E
Sp
e
9%
1
.75
.5
.4
.2
S
.3
.014
1
1
Summer
Winds in new orleans come from all
directions relativly equally. 9% of
the time there is no wind at all
20%
Winter
Broken down by month, there is a
slight pattern of wind coming from
the north east during the winter and
the southwest during the summer.
4.5
90
.002
13.4
9.0
6.7
80
2.2
1.7
70
.67
60
1.1
.9
.45 MPH
Compared to 275 American cities, New Orleans ranks in the bottom 35th
percentile for wind speeds, and the 12th percentile of summer wind speed.
.010
.006
Average Wind Speed - 7.5 mph
30
40
50
New Orleans has less wind than it may seem. Passive
ventilation
strategies
should be supplemented with fans.
Humidity Ratio
W
ind
W
4
2
100
0%
110
Temperature °F
Increasing air speed can provide comfort at warmer temperatures.
People tend to be comfortable with up to 2.2 mph indoors and
up to 4.5 mph outdoors. Some air flow is always required. Air flow
below 0.45 mph will feel stuffy at any temperature.
17 _ Eskew+Dumez+Ripple
LIGHTING
25%
All projects should aim for a
decrease
in LPD (W/sf) under the 2030 commitment.
Lighting can account for 20% to 30% of energy use.
Space Type
Average
LPD
Goal
LPD
Space
Area (sf)
IES Goal (fc)
Desired Light
Quality
Desired Light
level (fc)
Goal LPD
Convention Center
1.22
0.92
Kitchen
200
50 - 100
Well lit at work
stations
60
1.6 W/sf
Restaurant
1.6
1.20
Dining Room
600
5 - 20
Atmospheric
5
0.5 W/sf
Dormitory
1.02
0.77
Hospital
1.23
0.92
Library
1.29
0.97
Multi-Family Residential
0.66
0.50
Museum
1.11
0.83
Police / Fire station
1.0
0.75
Parking garage
0.27
0.20
Retail
1.5
1.13
Religious
1.28
0.96
Office
1.0
0.75
School
1.2
0.90
TOOL - See "Lighting Design Worksheet" in the sustainability tools folder
Setting Lighting Goals
For each project, keep a running list of each different space and its respective
lighting quality and quantity goals. We require our engineers to work from this
matrix.
Controllability
Lighting should be designed to provide maximum controllability. All spaces
need to be equipped with over-ridable occupancy and daylight controls.
TOOL - See "LPD Worksheet" in the sustainability tools folder
18 _ Eskew+Dumez+Ripple
STORM WATER
6”
In New Orleans,
of rain falls during a 2
year 24-hour storm event. Projects should set
a goal of managing at least 60% of this event.
Surface Type
Runoff Co.
Asphalt
0.9
Concrete
0.9
Brick
0.8
Roof
0.89
Grass pavers
0.2
Pervious Concrete
0.3
Lawn / Heavy Soil – Flat <2%
0.17
Lawn / Heavy Soil – Medium 2% - 7%
0.22
Lawn / Heavy Soil – Steep >7%
0.35
To calculate stormwater
managed on-site:
1) Multiply the total site area by .5’ to get the total
rainfall in cubic feet
2) Multiply the area of each site material by its runoff
coefficient and by .5’ to get the total site runoff.
3) Subtract any additional water storage from the runoff
4) Divide the total run off by the total rainfall
Total rainfall (cf) Total Runoff (cf)
Runoff Coefficient Area (sf) sf * .5'
Runoff Co. * SF * .5'
Grass
0.17
2000
1000
170
Asphalt
0.9
1500
750
675
Grass Pavers
0.2
500
250
50
Roof
0.9
1000
500
450
Total
5000
Additional Storage (cf)
Total Runoff
Percent Maintained
1345
500
845
83%
TOOL - See "Stormwater management wokrsheet" in the
sustainability tools folder
19 _ Eskew+Dumez+Ripple
CISTERNS
Days / year without water
New Orleans's Long term rainfall average is
20
Cistern Goal 1:
Watering Plant During Droughts
16
12
8
4
0
10
20
30
40
Sized for # days Without Rain
600
0.125" per Day
Cumulative Rainfall
500
400
300
200
100
0
TOOL - See "Cistern Worksheet" in the sustainability tools folder
20 _ Eskew+Dumez+Ripple
On average, a drought in New Orleans (one week or more with no rainfall) occurs
14 times a year and averages 8 days in length, with the longest drought in the
last 20 years being 46 days. These events are spaced relatively evenly. To size
a cistern to hold water during droughts, calculate the daily demand in gallons
(for landscaping) and multiply by the number of days you want to have water. A
cistern with 10 day water supply will be empty two weeks out of the year. a 30
day supply will be empty only once every other year.
Cistern Goal 2:
Slow Percolation of Stormwater
Cisterns can be used to detain rainfall events and then let this stored water
slowly percolate back into the soil, thus decreasing the load on the city's pumps.
To maximize percolation, the cistern should drain 0.125 inches per day, the same
as the long term average rainfall. Calculate the total volume of water that would
be collected by a cistern from a 0.125" rain event. Set the valve on the cistern so
that this quantity is drained each day.
POTABLE WATER
64% of municipal carbon emissions in
New Orleans are generated by the Sewage
and Water Board
LEED requires potable water to be reduced by at least 20% for all projects and
awards up to 4 points for additional reduction up to 40%. Every project should
achieve easily 20% and most projects should be able to reduce more.
To Calculate water Potable water reduction:
1) Determine, or estimate, the total number of occupants, both
full time equivalents and visitors (transients). Assume a 1:1 male
to female ratio unless there is a reason to think otherwise.
2) Calculate the baseline water usage by multiplying the number of uses
per day for each fixture type by the gallons per use of a standard fixture
3) Choose efficient fixtures and multiply uses per day
by gallon per use of efficient fixtures.
Uses per Pay
ToiletUrinalSink
Male FTE
123
4) Divide #3 by #2 to find the percent reduction.
Female FTE
303
Note1: All commercial sinks will use 0.5 GPM, so water reduction comes from
adding an automatic shut off. Average use is 15 seconds, or 0.125 Gallons
without a shut off, and 12 seconds, or 0.1 Gallons with an shutoff.
Male Transiant0.1
0.4
Female Transiant0.5
0 .
5
0.5
Gallons per Fixture
Standard
Efficient % Reduction
Toilet
1.61.2820%
Urinal
10.550%
Sink
0.1250.120%
Showerhead2.5
1.5 Note2: Since urinals provide the greatest water reduction, a building full of male
transients would provide the greatest reduction.
Note3: Avoid duel flush toilets. They use the same amount of water on averge as
high efficiency toilets with, less confusion
40%
TOOL - See "LEED Water Efficiency Worksheet" in the sustainability tools folder
21 _ Eskew+Dumez+Ripple
MATERIALS - TOXINS
The Living Building Challenge provided a list chemicals that should not be part of the built
environment. The list contains carcinogens, mutagens, and other hazards. Find out what
chemicals are in the materials that you specify.
Polyvinyl Chloride
PVC off gasses over time and can causes health
problems. Releases aerosol Lead when burned.
CFCs and HCFCs
Used as refrigerants. Small quantities have a huge
impact on depleting the ozone layer
Formaldehyde
Common in carpet, plywood, and varnishes, and glue.
Causes cancer and many health issues.
Heavy Metals
Cadmium, lead, and mercury are common in old
buildings and in New Orleans’s soil. a shoe bench or a
walk off mat should be provided to limit contamination.
Treated Wood
Living building red list
22 _ Eskew+Dumez+Ripple
Wood is often treated with many hazardous chemicals.
Be sure to specify Low VOC wood.
MATERIALS - ENERGY
Three beams of equal strength
Relative to other structural systems, Steel framing has a high
embodied energy. Per unit of strength, concrete has half the
embodied energy of steel. Glulam is even lower at one sixth the
embodied energy of steel.
Material
Embodied energy of building materials mJ/kg
Choose materials with lower embodied energy
Concrete
Fibreglass
Gypsum
Energy per unit of Strength
Timber - Local
Steel1.0
Concrete
0.49
Glulam0.16
Bricks
Timber - Transpoted
Particle Board
Embodied Energy v Operation Energy
Ceramics
Steel
Total Energy
Paint
, Low Operation Energy
High Embodied Energy
ner g y
tion E
O p er a
h
ig
H
erg y,
ied En
mb o d
L ow E
Time
Glass
The balance between
operational and
embodied energy
depends on how long
the building will last
100 year?
Pastics
Copper
Aluminum
0
50
100
150
200
23 _ Eskew+Dumez+Ripple
TRANSPORTATION
50% of all energy.
Transportation uses another 25%. Sustainable buildings require
In the United States, Buildings use
sustainable transportation systems.
Bicycle Transportation
Bike Parking Guidelines
New Orleans's climate makes bicycle transportation easy for the majority of the
year. Every project should make an effort to encourage transportation by bicycle
through the following means.
Integrate bicycle parking and access into the design and site plan.
-
Specify bike racks that hold one or two bikes, rather then 5 or 10.
Make sure that the rack allows bikers to easily lock both wheels.
Covered, secure bike racks
Showers, lockers, and changing facilities
Off street bicycle paths
Minimal car parking and other incentives
LEED requires bicycle parking for 5% of
FTEs. We should provide spaces for at
least 15% of FTEs.
Integrated Indoor storage example
Avoid this
24 _ Eskew+Dumez+Ripple
Choose this
RESILIENCE
Things to think about...
What happens if the power goes out for a week in July? in January?
Can the building still be used comfortably?
What if the city floods or the sea level rises?
Will the building be damaged?
How long will be building last?
How will the world change over that time period?
How will infrastructure and transportation function?
Can the building remain relevant?
How will utilities be supplied in the future?
Can the building adapt?
New Orleans 2100 - Many of our buildings will still be around.
How can we plan for this?
50 years from now...
Will the building be part of the problem or part of the solution?
25 _ Eskew+Dumez+Ripple
CERTIFICATIONS
We will track all projects against both a COTE questionnaire and a LEED check list. An updated COTE Questionnaire must be pinned up at every design review.
AIA COTE Top Ten
LEED
COTE considers ten different but interconnected sustainability categories. Every
project should address each of the categories in an intentional way.
Whether or not a client wants to pursue LEED certification, all projects should be
designed to LEED Silver equivalent. The following credits should be achievable in
every project.
1) Design & Innovation
2) Regional / Community Design
3) Land Use & Site Ecology
4) Bioclimatic Design
5) Light & Air
6) Water Cycle
7) Energy Flows & Energy Future
8) Materials & Construction
9) Long Life, Loose Fit
10) Collective Wisdom & Feedback Loops
SS Credit 4 - Alternative Transportation
SS Credit 7 - Heat Island Effect
WE Credit 1 - Water Efficient Landscaping
WE Credit 3 - Water Use Reduction
EA Credit 5 - Measurement and Verification
MR Credit 5 - Regional Materials
MR Credit 7 - Certified Wood
IEQ Credit 1 - Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring
IEQ Credit 4 - Low Emitting Materials
IEQ Credit 6 - Controllability of systems
IEQ Credit 8 - Daylight and Views
26 _ Eskew+Dumez+Ripple
RESEARCH & DATA
At Tulane’s Howard Tilton Memorial Library, The average stack aisle is used
time, but the lights are left on
100% of the time.
Data Based Design
What we can collect:
Having real data on occupancy, use
and comfort can impact design and
improve performance. If a project is
a renovation, data should be collect
from the existing building. for new
construction, data can be collect on
similar building types in the city.
- Temperature, % RH, light levels
- Volume and time of use
- Ventilation rates
- Energy use
- Comfort Feedback
- Solar radiation
- Airspeed
- Differential pressure
3% of the
Visits
Example of occupancy data: HTML average stack visits over 3 months
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
October
November
December
27 _ Eskew+Dumez+Ripple
CONTACT
Z Smith, AIA, LEED AP BD+C
Director of Sustainability & Building Performance
[email protected]
Corey Squire
Research Fellow - Building performance
[email protected]
Eskew+Dumez+Ripple
A Professional Corporation
365 Canal Street, Suite 3150
New Orleans, Louisiana 70130