Child Sex Ratio in India

CHILD SEX RATIO IN INDIA
Dr C Chandramouli
Registrar General &
Census Commissioner, India
About Census of India
• Census of India collects valuable data on various socio
economic, demographic
population.
and
economic
aspects
of
• Census is the only source of information on key population
indicators up to the lowest administrative level.
• Census thus reflects ground reality paving way for realistic
planning and policy implementation .
• One of the basic data relates to sex disaggregated count of
male and female population. Size and distribution of
population by sex reflects balance or imbalance in a given
population .
2
What is sex ratio?
 Sex Ratio is a tool to determine gender equity of the
population.
 Sex ratio, in India, is defined as the number of
females per 1000 males in the population.
 Whereas, Internationally, Sex ratio is defined as
number of males per 100 females.
3
Trends in Sex Ratio
 Historically sex ratio in India as remained favourable to
males
 Sex ratio of total population has seen upward surge in
the last two consecutive censuses
 In 2011 Census , Sex ratio in India increased to 940 from
934 recorded in the 2001 Census.
4
Trends in Sex Ratio
 Increase is also noted in Twenty-nine States and
Union Territories.
 Only three major States, Gujarat, Bihar and Jammu
& Kashmir have shown a decline in the Sex Ratio in
Census 2011
 At all India Level, Sex Ratio has shown an increase in
both rural and urban areas:
 Rural Areas - From 945 in 2001 to 947 in 2011
 Urban Areas - From 900 in 2001 to 926 in 2011.
5
Trends of Sex Ratio in India :19012011*
980
972
970
964
960
Sex Ratio
955
950
950
945
946
941
940
940
934
930
933
930
927
920
910
900
1901
1911
1921
1931
1941
* : Provisional Population – Census 2011
6
1951
1961
Census Years
1971
1981
1991
2001
2011
Sex Ratio is defined as the number of
females per thousand males
Child Sex Ratio
• Child sex ratio is the number of girl
children per 1,000 boys children
• For provisional population totals of
Census 2011, child sex ratio has been
compiled for the age-group 0-6 years
only.
• This presentation is based on
provisional population data of 2011
Census on sex ratio in the age group 06 yrs.
7
Child Sex Ratio
Changes in Child Sex Ratio
index reflects underlying
socio-economic and cultural
patterns of the society,
especially its attitude towards
the girl child.
8
Trends in over all & Child Sex
Ratio (0-6 yrs): 1961-2011
Child Sex Ratio 0-6 and over all sex ratio India
1961-2011
990
980
Projected value of
Child Sex Ratio
for India worked
out on the basis of
Census 2001 was
889
9
sex ratio ranges
970
Sex ratio in
age Group
0-6
960
950
Over all sex
ratio
940
930
Projected
2011
920
910
900
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Child Sex Ratio in Age Group 0-6
2001
1
0
2011
Our Census, Our Future
State
11
Child Sex
Ratio
(0-6 yrs)
2001
Child Sex
Ratio
(0-6 yrs)
2011*
Change in
CSR (0-6 yrs)
2001 to 2011
India
927
914
-13
J&K
941
859
- 82
Himachal Pradesh
896
906
+10
Punjab
798
846
+48
Uttarakhand
908
886
-22
Haryana
819
830
+11
Delhi
868
866
-2
Rajasthan
909
883
-26
* : Provisional Population Totals-Census 2011
State
12
Child Sex
Ratio (0-6)
2001
Child Sex
Ratio
(0-6)
2011*
Change in
CSR (0-6 yrs)
2001 to 2011
Uttar Pradesh
916
899
-17
Bihar
942
933
-9
Assam
965
957
-8
West Bengal
960
950
-10
Jharkhand
965
943
-22
Orissa
953
934
-19
Chhattisgarh
975
964
-9
Madhya Pradesh
932
912
-20
* : Provisional Population Totals-Census 2011
Child Sex
Ratio
(0-6 yrs)
2001
Child Sex
Ratio
(0-6 yrs)
2011
Change
CSR
(0-6 yrs)
2001 to 2011
Gujarat
883
886
+3
Maharashtra
913
883
-30
Andhra Pradesh
961
943
-18
Karnataka
946
943
-3
Kerala
960
959
-1
Tamil Nadu
942
946
+4
State
13
* : Provisional Population Totals-Census 2011
Child Sex Ratio (0-6)
Rural –Urban Areas
14
15
Census
Total
Rural
Urban
1991
945
948
935
2001
927
933
906
2011
914
919
902
•
Child Sex Ratio has declined in both Rural and Urban areas
•
This decline in Rural India is more than three times as
compared to drop in Urban India in 2011 – a matter of great
concern.
• In the rural areas Child Sex Ratio is higher as compared
to urban areas in 26 States/UTs in 2011 Census
• In urban areas of 9 States/UTs CSR is higher when
compared to their rural areas
• These are:
• Highly urbanized NCT Delhi, Chandigarh,
Puducherry
• Punjab, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil
Nadu
• Mizoram & Manipur.
16
• Rural areas:
• In 25 States/UTs, the Child Sex Ratio (0-6yrs) has
declined in 2011 Census over 2001Census
• In 9 States/Uts Child Sex Ratio has improved in 2011
Census
• No change in one State (Gujarat )
17
• Urban areas:
• Trend is slightly better in Urban Areas as compared to
Rural Areas
• In 21 States/UTs, CSR (0-6yrs) has declined
• In 13 States/UTs this has improved
• In one State (Kerala) there is no change
18
Child Sex Ratio (0-6) Rural
2001
2011
Jammu & Kashmir
Jam m u & Kas hm ir
Him ac hal
P rades h
Himac hal
Prades h
Punjab Chandigar h
Chandigarh
Punjab
Uttar ak hand
Uttarakhand
Har yana
NCT of Delhi
Haryana
Rajasthan
Assam
Uttar Pradesh
Rajas than
Nagaland
Nagaland
Meghalaya
Bihar
Manipur
W est
Bengal
Manipur
Mizor am
Tripura
Jhark hand
Madhya Prades h
Gujarat
Chhattisgarh
Dam an & Diu
Assam
Uttar Pradesh
Tripura
Jharkhand
Madhya Pradesh
Arunachal
Prades h
Sikk im
Meghalaya
Bihar
Gujarat
NC T of D elhi
Arunachal
Pr adesh
Sikkim
Mizoram
W est
Bengal
Chhattis garh
Oriss a
Dam an & Diu
Dadra & Nagar Haveli
Oriss a
Dadra & Nagar H aveli
Mahar as htra
Maharas htra
Andhr a Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh
P
P
Goa
Goa
Karnataka
A
P
K
P
S
P
A
D
D
N D
A
P
N
(I
N
W
E
C
P
A R
E
H
B
C O
N I
I
)
I A
Kerala
A
Tam il Nadu
H
S
K D
A (I N
L
P - Puducherry
N .A. - N atio nal Averag e
L A
I S
I S
P - Puducherry
N
M A
L
P
Tamil Nadu
Kerala
D A
A N
L
P
N
19
Karnataka
D
A N
SEX RATIO IN AGE GROUP 0-6
900 AND BELOW
901 - 925
926 - 950
951 - 975
976 AND ABOVE
D S
Child Sex Ratio (0-6) Urban
2001
2011
Ja m m u & K as h m ir
Jam m u & Kas h m ir
Hi ma c h a l
P r ad es h
Hima c h al
Pr ad es h
Ch a n d ig a rh
P un j a b
Cha nd iga rh
P un ja b
Uttar a kh a n d
Utta ra kh an d
Ha r ya n a
Ha r ya na
NC T o f D e lh i
Raja s th a n
NC T o f D elhi
A ru n a ch a l
P r a d es h
S ikk im
A ssam
Utta r P ra d e sh
Raja s tha n
Nag a la n d
A ssam
Utta r Pra de sh
Me g h a la ya
B ih a r
Jh a rk h an d
Mad hya P r a de s h
G u ja r at
Manip ur
Mi zo ra m
Trip ura
Jh ark hand
W e st
B en g a l
Mad hya Pr ades h
Gu jar at
Ch h a ttis g ar h
Da m a n & Di u
Na gala nd
Meg ha la ya
Bih ar
Ma n ip u r
Tr ip u ra
A runa ch al
Pr ad es h
Sikk im
Mizoram
W e st
Benga l
Chh attis gar h
Dam an & Diu
O ri ss a
Da d r a & Na g a r H a ve l i
Ori ss a
Da dr a & Nag ar H aveli
Mah ar as h tra
Mah ar as htra
A nd h r a P ra d e sh
Andh ra Prad esh
P
Goa
K ar n a ta ka
P
Go a
Karn ataka
L
N
M A
DA
A N
N
M A
DA
A N
SEX RATIO IN AGE GROUP 0-6
900 AND BELOW
901 - 925
926 - 950
951 - 975
976 AND ABOVE
L
A
S
P
S
P
N
D
A
(I N
D
D
D
D
E
C O
N I
W
)
I A
C O
N I
W
)
I A
K erala
A
Tam il Nad u
H
D
P
N
A
(I N
E
E
R
R
P
B A
B A
E
P
N .A. - N atio nal Averag e
P - Pu du ch er ry
N .A. - N atio nal Averag e
D S
DS
N
L A
I S
P - P u d u ch er ry
N
L A
I S
20
P
A
H
K er ala
K
P
Ta m il Nad u
A
K
P
Child Sex Ratio
District Level Trends
21
• Decline in the lowest
range is due to
increase in the child
sex ratio in Punjab
• Increase in 900-949 is
primarily due to
decline in the next
higher range
categories
Ranges of
CSR (0-6
years)
2001
2011
Total
640
640
> 800
18
6
800-849
36
52
850-899
71
135
900-949
224
266
950-999
279
178
12
3
1000+
22
Census Year
Child Sex Ratio (0-6) - District
2001
2011
FEMALES PER 1000 MALES
IN AGE GROUP 0-6
800 AND BELOW
801 - 850
851 - 900
901 - 950
951 - 1000
1001 AND ABOVE
Data Not Available
23
24
District
State/UT
CSR (0-6)
Lahul & Spiti
Himachal Pradesh
1013
Tawang
Arunachal Pradesh
1005
Dakshin Dantewada
Chhattisgarh
1005
Kamrup Metropolitan
Assam
994
Bastar
Chhattisgarh
991
Nabarangpur
Orissa
988
Kolasib
Mizoram
987
Nawada
Bihar
985
East Siang
Arunachal
984
Aizawl
Mizoram
984
25
District
State/UT
CSR (0-6)
Jhajjar
Haryana
774
Mahendragarh
Haryana
778
Rewari
Haryana
784
Samba
Jammu & Kashmir
787
Sonipat
Haryana
790
Jammu
Jammu & Kashmir
795
Bid
Maharashtra
801
Ambala
Haryana
807
Rohtak
Haryana
807
Pithoragarh
Uttarakhand
812
26
Total number of districts
640
Decline
461
• The child sex ratio
declined in 461 districts
which is about three fourth
of total districts in the
country
More than 100 points
7
50 to 99 points
31
20 to 49 points
178
1 to 19 points
245
• In 38 districts decline has
been more than 50 points
No Change
20
• On positive side in 51
districts increase has been
20 or points
Up to 10 points
74
11 to 20 points
34
21 to 30 points
17
31to 49 points
19
50+
15
Increase
159
Decline in Child Sex Ratio (0-6 Years) 2001-11
DECLINE (in 461 Districts)
19 AND BELOW (245)
20 - 49 (178)
50 - 99 (31)
100 AND ABOVE
(7)
27
Sex Ratio at Birth
(Annual Health Survey)
28
About AHS
Annual Health Survey
(AHS) is a sample
survey initiated to
provide information
on health indicators
at the district level in
EAG States and Assam
(9 States)
29
Uttarakhand
Rajasthan
Uttar Pradesh
Bihar
Madhya Pradesh
Jharkhand
Chhattisgarh
Orissa
ASSAM
• One of the key determinants affecting Child
Sex Ratio is Sex Ratio at Birth
• The information on Sex Ratio at Birth is
available in AHS at District level for EAG States
• Facilitates comparison with Census 2011
results and to an extent explains the reason
behind the declining trend
30
SRB – AHS States
960
940
920
900
880
860
840
820
31
• SRB denotes no. of female
Live Births per 1000 male
Live Births
• Uttarakhand records the
lowest SRB while
Chhattisgarh, the highest
• Across all 9 AHS States, SRB
in rural areas is significantly
higher than that of urban
areas. In UP, rural SRB is 911
compared to 873 in urban
Total
no. of
districts
Districts with
minimum SRB
Districts with
maximum SRB
Range
UTTARAKHAND
13
Pithoragarh (764)
Nainital (918)
154
RAJASTHAN
32
Sawai Madhopur (782)
Bhilwara (968)
186
UTTAR PRADESH
70
Mathura (790)
Moradabad (1030)
240
BIHAR
37
Sitamarhi (869)
Buxar (989)
120
ASSAM
23
Hailakandi (810)
Lakhimpur (984)
174
JHARKHAND
18
Purbi Singhbum (884)
Giridih (985)
101
ORISSA
30
Nayagarh (832)
Nabrangapur (951)
119
CHHATTISGARH
16
Koriya (876)
Kawardha (1008)
132
MADHYA PRADESH
45
Gwalior (807)
Dindori (1006)
199
State


32
SRB across 284 districts ranges between 764 (Pithoragarh, Uttarakhand) &
1030 (Moradabad, UP)
SRB in rural areas of districts is generally higher than in urban areas
Frequency Range
State
751 - 800 801 - 850
851 - 900
901 - 950
951 - 1000 1001 - 1050
UTTARAKHAND
1
2
9
1
RAJASTHAN
1
8
14
8
1
UTTAR PRADESH
2
11
22
22
11
11
17
9
5
14
3
5
9
4
10
17
1
1
7
5
3
5
15
17
7
1
29
92
112
41
6
BIHAR
ASSAM
1
JHARKHAND
ORISSA
2
CHHATTISGARH
MADHYA PRADESH
Total
4
44% of districts have SRB less than 900
33
2
State
Child Sex
Ratio
(0-6 yrs)
2011
Sex Ratio at
Birth (AHS)
Uttarakhand
886
866
Rajasthan
883
878
Uttar Pradesh
899
904
Bihar
933
919
Assam
957
925
Jharkhand
943
923
Orissa
934
905
Chhattisgarh
964
951
Madhya Pradesh
912
904
34
Low Sex Ratio at
Birth explains
Low Child Sex
Ratio (0-6)
In Conclusion
• Increase in over all Sex Ratio in Census 2011 indicates
improved visibility of women in the country
• Paradoxically, the Child Sex Ratio (0-6) continues to
decline in the successive censuses
• In Census 2011 Child Sex Ratio in 27 States /Uts has
declined. Decline is also noted in 461 districts
• The disturbing feature in census 2011 has been the
spread of declining trend in new areas
• Importantly there has been reversal of trend in 8 States/
UTs where Child Sex Ratio have actually improved in
Census 2011. This includes States like Punjab and
Haryana where decline in CSR in 2001 assumed alarming
level.
35
In Conclusion
• Census 2011 shows that though there are decline in both
rural and urban areas of the country, the pace of decline
is three times higher in the rural areas, a paradigm shift
to note
• As per the report on Population Projection (2001-2026),
the Child Sex Ratio in Census 2011 in India was estimated
at 889. The results as per Census 2011 (Provisional) has
shown a 25 points increase (to 914).
• The decline in Child Sex Ratio has been arrested due to
the concerted efforts and advocacies by all the
stakeholders
• Similar efforts in other States are required to reverse the
declining trend in Child Sex Ratio.
36
For more information please visit:
www.censusindia.gov.in
Thank you.
37