wild goose association - International Loran Association

Transcription

WILD GOOSE ASSOCIATION
RADIONAVIGATION
.
JOURNAL
.p
=&&&+
1
RACAL-MEGAPULSE EXPANQQ
THE WORLD OF LORA hy
Operational Areas
I
TWOLoran-C Transmitting Swions on the west coast of'France will become aperational m mid-1985.
,k
are a part of a new Loran-C chain which will operate in the Raqp-Range mode. The chain 6"
provide navigation signals which will allow the Fmch Navy to operate over an extensive area. Rr4CAl
Meg;\p& designed and built the transmitters, monitor receiversand thecontrol centgfor thissptm~
is providing installation, training and calibration services.
The tmmqitting sites are eonfigured to acconm~datew increase in mdbted power from thein
of 250 kilowatts up to o m Megawatt as necessitatedby future reqllirements.
The overall system is designed to permit operatid integration with existing Loran€ &a s and or
potentid new Loran< fmmmitting stations so rts to provide even more extensive operatio ~ a lsignal
coverage for both air and sea navigation.
"1
Another example 6f I t A C M - M e g a d expanding the wogd of Lor&.
I
rn
WILD GOOSE A S S O C I A T I O N R A D I O N A V I G A T I O N JOURNAL '1984
TABLE OF CONTENTS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
...............................
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD
A word f r o m S.B.
EDITORIAL
MacPhee
...............................
...........................
3
EDITORIAL STAFF
PRESIDENT'S PAGE
4
Editor
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
5
WGA
6
T h o u g h t s expressed b y WGA President
BERNARD AMBROSENO
Technical E d i t o r
LEO FEHLNER
LayoutlComposition
FRANK RADlN
.........................
AWARDS - 1983 AND 1984
.....................
MEDAL OF MERIT C I T A T I O N - 1983 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
MEDAL OF MERIT C I T A T I O N - 1984 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A SURVEY OF STATE-OF-THE-ART
HYPERBOLIC AND DIRECT
CONTRIBUTORS
LLOYD H ICGINBOTHAM
TOM JERARDI
D.H.
GRAY
S.B.
Mac PHEE
NORMAN B A N K S
P. BRUNAVS
C . CULVER
F.D. Mac KENZIE
LORAN-C RECEIVERS (MacKenzie)
PHASE LAGS OF 100 KHZ RADIOFREQUENCY GROUND WAVE
AND APPROXIMATE FORMULAS FOR COMPUTATION ( B r u n a v s )
..
10
.
25
.....
37
Operating Y o u r Loran-C Receiver i n F r i n g e Coverage Areas
Loran-C Signal Stability S t u d y : NEUSISEUS
N o r t h A t l a n t i c Loran-C Coverage Diagrams
Change i n Loran-C B l i n k Procedures
Results of D i f f e r e n t i a l Omega Evaluations
Loran-C P l o t t i n g Charts f o r t h e Labrador Sea and Icelandic Chains
Loran-C Chain-Transmitting Facilities
Revised Loran-C Correction Tables
Loran-C Rate Tables for t h e Icelandic Loran-C Chain
Coast G u a r d Remote Operating System (ROS)
Loran-C I n t e r f e r e n c e List (Eastern Region)
Loran-C Interference List (Western Region)
Loran C h a r t Availabilities
Specifications f o r Omega
WGA PAST AWARDS
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
. . 41
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48-49
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
. . . . . . . . 52
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
........
WCA CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS
...................
WGA CURRENT hlEMBERSHIP L I S T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
INDEX TO ADVERTISERS I N CURRENT ISSUE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LORAN MANUFACTURERS AND ASSOCIATED BUSINESSES.
BACK COVER ILLUSTRATION :
MASTER LORAN-C TRANSMITTER, AFIF,
SAUDI A R A B I A
(PHOTO COURTESY OF I T T )
Radionavigation Journal 1984 i s published b y the Wild Goose Association,
Inc.,
@ c o p y r i g h t 1984. The material herein may be used, provided c r e d i t is given.
a r e requested t o n o t i f y t h e Association.
Association Memberships :
Advertising :
9
...
RANGING LORAN (Fehlner, Jerardi, C u l v e r )
USEFUL LORAN INFORMATION
7
8
Box 556, Bedford, MA 01730
Persons u s i n g t h i s material
Box 556, Bedford, MA 01730
B e r n a r d Ambroseno, 41 1 Providence Highway, Westwood, M.\
Radionavigation Journal
Composition a n d Layout b y Publications Department, EPSCO,
P r i n t e d b y Concepts Unlimited, Inc., Acton, MA 01720
lnc.
02090
67
73
81
88
WILD SDOSE A S S O C I A T I O N R A D I O N A V I G A T I O N JOURNAL 1984
FOREWORD
As a Canadian, i t i s an honour to write t h e Foreword for the
Radionavigation Journal of the Wild Goose Association. We in Canada
are most interested in t h e cooperative expansion of LORAN-C and
continually support t h e development of more sophi sticated techniques
t o improve performance.
The Canadian Hydrographic Service has been in the forefront of
the ci vi 1i an techno1 ogy developments i n LORAN-C use f o r many years.
We pioneered the use of rho-rho LORAN-C coupled with TRANSIT
s a t e l l i t e positioning for our off-shore multi-parameter surveys and
now are using NAVSTAR/GPS integrated with LORAN-C,
The CHS staff t h a t are responsible for LORAN-C l a t t i c e s on
navigation charts a r e a small b u t dedicated group who f o r the past
f i f t e e n years have looked a f t e r a l l phases from the TD verification
surveys t o signing off the release of the printed charts. We,
together with our counterparts i n the Canadian Coast Guard who are
responsible for overall marine navigation in Canada, have provided
c r i t i cal comments on LORAN-C coverage, chain configuration, signal
qua1 i t y , l a t t i c e selection, chart scales, LORAN-C chain parameters,
computation methods, and TD verification techniques t o the US Coast
Guard, the US Defense Mapping Agency and the National Ocean Service
( N O A A ) . I t i s a pleasure t o note t h a t our comments a r e very often
considered.
LORAN-C i s not j u s t a quarter-mile accuracy marine navigation
system. In addition i t has a proven survey capability, can be
employed as a harbour and channel precise navigation system and i s an
important a i r navigation Aid. I n time, we will be placing less
emphasis on the paper navigation charts and navigating with more
precision than ever before with an electronically displayed video
chart. I t i s hoped t h a t LORAN-C positioning w i l l be a t the heart of
the new system.
The challenge i s there t o continue t o improve LORAN-C t o meet
future needs a t a modest cost t o t h e user. Let us hope t h a t progress
i s made in every possible area.
S .B. MacPhee
Dominion Hydrographer
Canadian Hydrographic Service
Ottawa
WILD GOOSE A S S O C I A T I O N RAD I O N A V I G A T I O N J O U R N A L 1984
PRESIDENT'S PAGE
T h e Wild Goose Association is proud t o say t h a t t h i s year has been a significant o n e f o r t h e Loran-C
Although t h e year passed without t h e formal recognition of t h e f a c t , 1984 marked t h e
community.
10th a n n i v e r s a r y of t h e naming of Loran-C a s t h e official coastal confluence aid-to-navigation s y s t e m
f o r t h e United S t a t e s .
T h e a i r navigation boom h a s continued with a n estimated total of close t o 1 5 , 0 0 0 u s e r s now flying on
Loran-C.
T h e Peoples Republic of China h a s chosen Loran-C a s t h e official system f o r coastal c o v e r a g e a n d plan
t o complete such coverage b y t h e early 1990's.
T h e Republic of S o u t h Africa is considering implementation of a nation-wide Loran-C c o v e r a g e f o r
maritime traffic a n d aviation services.
Two new s t a t i o n s h a v e been installed a n d a r e t e s t i n g in F r a n c e ; t h e y will b e opwational in mid 1985.
O u r b e s t wishes a n d congratulations g o to J o h n M. B e u k e r s of B e u k e r s Laboratories, l n c . A t t h e 1984
WCA Symposium in Boston, Mr. B e u k e r s was awarded the Wild Goose Medal of Merit, t h e h i g h e s t award
given f o r significant contributions to t h e advancement of t h e Loran-C s y s t e m .
T h e Association's officers, directors, a n d committees for t h e c u r r e n t y e a r a r e noted below a n d o n t h e
opposite page.
EXECUTIVE BOARD
................................................... Carl S.
.......................................... Edward L.
.................................................... Leo F.
President
Vice President
Secretary
Treasurer..
...................................................
Andren
McGann
Fehlner
David C a r t e r
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
B e r n a r d Ambroseno
James F. C u l b e r t s o n
Lloyd D. Higginbotham
Vernon L. Johnson
Vernon I . Weihe
James Alexander
A.W. Marchal
Walter .N. Dean
J o h n D . lllgen
James P. Van Etten
STANDING COMMITTEES
........................................................... Tom J e r a r d i
......................................................... Robert F r a n k
............................................. Vernon L. Johnson
....................................................... L a r r y S a r t i n
........................................................ Walter Dean
................................... B e r n a r d Ambroseno, Leo Fehlner
..................................................... Leo Fehlner
....................................... Walter Dean
Audit
Awards
Constitution
Convention
Historical
Journal
Membership
Nominations and Elections
SPECIAL COMMITTEES
........................................
......................................
F A A Certification..
V e r n o n I . Weihe
James Van Etten
Loran C Specifications
Publicity ........................................................ H a r r y Raven
As always, we welcome members to join o r chair committees.
contact t h e P r e s i d e n t o r any WGA Board member.
Carl S . A n d r e n
President
Wild Goose Association
If a n y member h a s a n i n t e r e s t , please
WILD G O O S E A S S O C I A T I O N R A D I O N A V I G A T I O N J O U R N A L 1984
BOARD
PRESIDENT :
Carl S. Andren
Navigational S y s t e m s , Inc.
8841-43 Monard Drive
S i l v e r S p r i n g , MD 20910
301-585-7460
VICE PRESIDENT :
DIRECTORS
TREASURER:
David A. C a r t e r
JAYCOR
205 South Whiting S t r e e t
Alexandria, VA 23304
703-823-1 300
SECRETARY :
Edward L. McGann
Megapulse, Inc.
8 Preston C o u r t
B e d f o r d , MA 01730
617-275-2010
Leo F. Fehlner
Applied P h y s i c s Laboratory
J o h n s Hopkins University
Laurel, MD 20810
301-953-7100
E x t . 3074
James Alexander
50 G r e n a d a Avenue
Long B e a c h , CA
2 13-642-5012
Lloyd D . Higginbotham
4 Townsend Road
Acton, MA 01720
61 7-263-8554
B e r n a r d Ambroseno
EPSCO, l n c .
41 1 P r o v i d e n c e Highway
Westwood, MA 02090
617-329-1500
J o h n l llgen
Kaman-TEMPO
816 S t a t e S t r e e t
S a n t a B a r b a r a , CA 93102
805-963-6458
A.W. Marchal
O f f s h o r e Navigation. Inc.
P.O. Box 23504
Harahan, L A 70183
504-733-6790
V e r n o n L. J o h n s o n
I T T Avionics Division
390 Washington A v e n u e
Nutley, NJ 07110
201-284-0123
James F. C u l b e r t s o n
15731 E x e t e r S t r e e t
Westminster, CA 92683
714-531-7974
James P. Van E t t e n
ITT Avionics Division
Nutley, NJ 07110
201-284-3093
Walter N. Dean
V e r d e s E n g i n e e r i n g Co., I n c .
8060 Sacajawea Way
Wilsonville, OR 97070
V e r n o n I . Weihe
41 33 North 33rd Road
Arlington, VA 22207
703-527-5146
WlLD GOOSE ASSOC I A T I O N R A D I O N A V I G A T I O N J O U R N A L 1984
-
W G A AWARDS
1983/3984
THE FOLLOWING AWARDS WERE PRESENTED A T T H E ANNUAL CONVENTIONS HELD IN WASHINGTON,
1983 AND IN BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, I N 1984
D.C.
IN
MEDAL OF MERIT
THE MEDAL OF MERIT I S AWARDED
TO A PERSON OR PERSONS FOR A
P A R T I C U U R C O N T R I B U T I O N OF
OUTSTANDING VALUE T O T H E
DEVELOPMENT OR FOSTERING OF
LORAN. T H I S AWARD I S NORMALLY
GIVEN ONLY AFTER T H E
E X C E P T I O N A i NATURE OF T H E
CONTRIBUTION I S CLEARLY
RECOGNIZED.
1983
R.
EATON
SEE C I T A T I O N ,
PACE 7
1984
JOHN M. BEUKERS
SEE ClTATlON,;PAGE
8
SERVICE AWARD
T H I S SERVICE AWARD I S GIVEN T O
MEMBERS WHO DISTINGUISH
THEMSELVES B Y SERVICE T O T H E
1983
1984
DAVID A . CARTER
ROBERT SCHELLHASE
CHAIRMAN,
1982 CONVENTION
D A V I D H . AMOS
CHAIRMAN, 1982 T E C H N I C A L
SYMPOSIUM
CHAIRMAN,
1983 CONVENTION
H A R O L D T . SHERMAN
CHAIRMAN, 1983 T E C H N I C A L
SYMPOSIUM
B A R N A R D AMBROSENO
JOURNAL EDITOR,
1980-1983
FRANK RADlN
A R T DIRECTIONIMECHAN I C A L
DESIGN OF JOURNAL, 1982-1983
PRESIDENT'S AWARD
THE PRESIDENT'S AWARD I S
PRESENTED T O T H E PERSON,
PERSONS, OR ORGANIZATION A S
DESIGNATED B Y THE PRESIDENT
OF THE ASSOC I A T ION WITH
CONSENT OF THE B O A R D OF
DIRECTOR. T H E PRESIDENT'S
AWARD I S PRESENTED A T T H E
ANNUAL BANQUET.
1984
R I C H A R D L. BEAM
CARROLL D . L Y T L E
WILLIAM B . MOHIN
WILLIAM C . HOFFMAN
F R A N K L I N D . MacKENZlE
WILLIAM L. POLHEMUS
CHARLES R. M l E L (POSTHUMOUSLY]
PAPER AWARD
THE PAPER AWARD IS GIVEN TO
A MEMBER OF T H E WlLD GOOSE
ASSOCIATION FOR T H E BEST
PAPER PUBLISHED ON THE
GENERAL SUBJECT OF LORAN
1983
1984
JAMES R . MacCULLOUGH A N D
B A R R Y J. IRWIN
ROBERT 1. FRANK
"LORAN-C LATITUDE-LONGITUDE
CONVERSION A T SEA:
PROGRAMMING CONSIDERATIONS"
1982 T E C H N I C A L SYMPOSIUM
"CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN
LORAN-C"
OF IEEE,
1983
HONORARY MEMBERSHIP
AN HONORARY MEMBERSHIP 1s
AWARDED B Y THE BOARD OF
DIRECTORS T O A N I N D I V I D U A L
WHO HAS MADE A N OUTSTANDING
CONTRIBUTION T O LORAN
1984
WALTER CRONKITE
FOR H I S LONG-TIME INTEREST I N , A N D USE OF, LORAN-C
6
CITATION on the award of the MEDAL OF MERIT t o
R. MICHAEL
EATON
The nedal of Merit of the Wild Gooae Aeaociation ia awarded to R. Michael
Eaton in recognition of hie exteneive contributiona t o the development and
foetering of Loran. Hia work in the uee of Loran-C in hydrographic eurveye,
hie advocacy of Loran-C in the rho-rho mode for calibration and propagation
neaeurementa, and hie teeting, analyaie and planning aesistancm in the
expaneion of Loran-C in the Canadian area have all helped the advancement
of loran.
A m Head of the Navigation Group at the Bedford Institute of Oceanography,
Dartmouth, Nova Scotia for the past twelve yeare, and baaed on his previous
experience with the Admiralty Hydrographic Service and the Cadadian
Hydrographic Service, he has provided aeeietance t o the Canadian Coast
Guard in siting the Loran-C tranamittera at Williama Lake and Fox Harbor,
has participated in the experimental uee of Loran-C in the Beaufort Sea and
in the calibration of Loran-C in the coeatal confluence.
Hie work hea
greatly influenced the accurate latticing of Canadian Loren-C chart6 and
has been documented by many well-written papers.
The
Wild
Gooae
Ammociation gratefully acknowledge6 these and other valuable contributiona
which have been a significant factor in t h e promotion of loran t o the
important state it enjoym today.
Awarded this 13th day of October, 1983
WILD GOOSE ASSOCIATION RADIONAVIGATION J O U R N A L
A SURVEY
OF STATE-OF-THE-ART
LORAN-C RECEIVERS
-
EDITOR'S NOTE :
T h e following article i s a n edited e x c e r p t of a U .S
Department of T r a n s p o r t a t i o n r e p o r t bearing t h e same title. I t s abs t r a c t r e a d s : "This r e p o r t is a summary of t h e state-of-the-art in
Loran-C r e c e i v e r design (April 1 9 8 4 ) . T h e d a t a sources were manuf a c t u r e r s , d e s i g n e r s , a n d t r a d e l i t e r a t u r e . E v e r y effort was made t o
depict accurately t h e s t a t u s of receiver d e s i g n activity in t h e midst
of a volatile Loran-C r e c e i v e r m a r k e t . New receiver models a r e being
i n t r o d u c e d monthly; e x i s t i n g models a r e b e i n g modified i n response t o
r e q u e s t s from an e x p a n d i n g u s e r community. Twenty-eight manufact u r e r s h a v e provided t h e a u t h o r with d a t a o n eighty-five r e c e i v e r s .
T h e s e r e c e i v e r s a r e state-of-the-art technologies. Design f e a t u r e s
and c u r r e n t t r e n d s a r e included in t h i s r e p o r t a s well a s data s h e e t s
on e a c h receiver.''
T h e r e p o r t , DOT-CG-N-1-84, is available t o t h e
public t h r o u g h t h e National Technical S e r v i c e , Springfield, Virginia
22161.
1.
INTRODUCTION.
During t h e Vermont Loran-C flight evaluation program (1979-1981) only one commercial manufacturer was building a i r c r a f t
Loran-C r e c e i v e r s . In 1982, e i g h t manuf a c t u r e r s were e i t h e r selling o r d e s i g n i n g
new a i r b o r n e r e c e i v e r s f o r t h e commercial
and general aviation market. Today, twenty-seven receiver m a n u f a c t u r e r s l d i s t r i b u t o r s , selling 85 c u r r e n t models for Aviation ( 2 1 ) , Marine ( 5 7 ) , S u r v e y ( 4 3 ,
Timing ( I ) , and Land ( 1 ) can be identified ( S e e Table 1 ) .
To provide t h e g r o w i n g number of loran
u s e r s with a c c u r a t e a n d reliable s e r v i c e
-and enable them t o employ t h e state-ofthe-art f e a t u r e s of t h e s e new receivers,
the impact of p r e s e n t chain control p r o c e d u r e s a n d s t a t e d c o v e r a g e limitations
must b e examined. T h e ability of a receiver t o o p e r a t e in t h e cross-chain mode,
for example, significantly e x t e n d s t h e useful s e r v i c e a r e a a n d provides f o r r e d u n dancy of c o v e r a g e a n d smooth transition
between c h a i n s . Realizing t h e potential
system b e n e f i t s t h a t c a n b e derived from
the new receiver d e s i g n s , t h e U.S. Coast
Guard h a s initiated a program with t h e
Department of T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Systems Cent e r ( T S C ) t o t r a c k t h e state-of-the-art
receivers.
.
This report contains information on receiver
designs, equipment availability, comparative
performance, comparative costs, a n d a forecast of t h e f u t u r e direction of receiver designs. Special attention is given t o changes
in t h e algorithms developed f o r receiver
control a n d for position location. T h e effect
which t h e s e changes have had on improving
t h e system effectiveness is evaluated. T h e
U . S . Coast Guard w i l l a s s e s s t h e impact of
these receivers on present plans f o r t h e
Loran-C loran system, a n d also on f u t u r e
Department of Transportation a n d U.S.
Coast Guard radionavigation plans.
The information contained in t h i s report was
developed from a variety of s o u r c e s :
a . An existing TSC Loran-C data b a s e ,
which was created for two previous Project
Memorandums entitled "A Review of Stateof-the-Art LORAN-C Aviation Receiver Des i g n s , " a n d "A Review of State-of-the-Art
LORAN-C Receivers for t h e Bureau of t h e
Census. "
b. Data s h e e t s obtained from manufact u r e r s . A mailing requesting technical d a t a
was s e n t to all known distributorslManufact u r e r s of Loran-C receivers. This list was
updated a s additional manufacturers e n t e r e d
t h e field.
1984
WILD GOOSE A S S O C I A T I O N R A D I O N A V I G A T I O N JOURNAL 1984
c . Direct contact with Loran-C receiver
engineering and l o r marketing personnel.
Telephone c o n v e r s a t i o n s a n d personal contact with Loran-C receiver d e s i g n e r s provided information not normally included in
data s h e e t s ( e . g . , A S F correction techniques).
b . Seawater Model - T h i s model assumes
t h a t signals p r o p a g a t e o v e r an all seawater
path on a c u r v e d e a r t h with a conductivity
value of 5 mholrneter. T h i s model r e q u i r e s
a small positive ASF t o be a d d e d a s a f u n c tion of d i s t a n c e , f o r d i s t a n c e s u n d e r 4 0 0
miles.
d . O b s e r v a t i o n s a n d contacts made a t
shows a n d e x p o s i t i o n s . A s a p a r t of t h e
data collection e f f o r t , t h e Northeast Boat
Show ( B o s t o n MA), t h e Wild Goose Association Convention (Washington D.C .) a n d
FISH E X P O 83 ( S e a t t l e WA) were a t t e n d e d .
C.
Land Model - T h i s model a s s u m e s a
land p a t h with a n a v e r a g e conductivity
value of approximately 0 . 0 0 3 mhoimeter
For both t h e land a n d sea models t h e ASF
correction is a non-linear function of r a n g e .
T h e non-linearity effect with r a n g e is more
pronounced a s t h e conductivity value of t h e
e a r t h ' s s u r f a c e d e c r e a s e s . In general, t h e
ASF a s a function of r a n g e can be r e p r e s e n t e d b y low o r d e r polynomials.
2.
TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENTS.
This section includes background information on technical developments a n d d e s i g n
techniques employed in Loran-C r e c e i v e r s .
New technology a n d receiver design a r e
highlighted.
2.1
LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE
COMPUTATION
One of t h e major developments in low-cost,
general-purpose Loran-C receivers has
been t h e incorporation of t h e computation
necessary t o display latitude a n d l o n g i t u d e
coordinates, as opposed t o time d i f f e r e n c e
(TD) values.
While latitude and longit u d e d i s p l a y s w e r e formerly a n e x p e n s i v e
option on r e c e i v e r s , they a r e p r e s e n t l y
available in several receivers a t a total
cost of less than $1000 (SitexJKoden 787
and M L X ) . To c o n v e r t Loran-C T D values,
measured a t a specific location, into latit u d e a n d longitude coordinates, it is
necessary t o compensate f o r propagation
delays a s Loran-C signals c r o s s land
masses of d i f f e r e n t conductivity values
and p a s s t h r o u g h a r e a s of varying
meteorological conditions. T h e correction
required to p r 6 d u c e a t r u e latitude a n d
longitude coordinate from measured TD
values i s r e f e r r e d to a s t h e additional
:secondary p h a s e f a c t o r (ASF) o r land
mass correction. Coordinate conversion
models w e r e g r o u p e d , a s follows, in
accordance with t h e classification of ASF
techniques p r e s e n t e d in a p a p e r b y L.M.
DePalma * :
a . Baseline Model - T h i s model assumes
a s t a n d a r d a t m o s p h e r e in which t h e effect
of t h e e a r t h ' s p r e s e n c e is ignored.
Loran-C signals a r e assumed to p r o p a g a t e
a t a c o n s t a n t velocity.
DePalma, e t . a l . , Proceedings of t h e 1 0 t h
Annual T e c h n i c a l S y m p o s i u m , Wild Goose Association. 2 1 - 2 3 O c t o b e r 1981, S a n Diego.
*L.M.
.
d . Mixed Path Model - T h i s model
assumes t h a t the p a t h from t h e t r a n s m i t t e r
to t h e u s e r c o n s i s t s of s e g m e n t s which a r e
e i t h e r s e a w a t e r o r land with a n a v e r a g e
conductivity value. Millington's method is
used to compute a total, o r i n t e g r a t e d ,
value of ASF.
e . DMA Model - T h i s model is t h e most
complex a n d t h e conductivity of each p a t h
segment is defined u s i n g a five-level conductivity map. Values a r e calculated b y
u s i n g Millington's method.
T h e r e c e i v e r m a n u f a c t u r e r s contacted t o
d a t e can be divided into two c a t e g o r i e s :
a . T h o s e who provide f o r some form of
ASF correction a s p a r t of t h e l a t i t u d e a n d
longitude computation process.
b . T h o s e who choose t o ignore t h e need
for s u c h corrections a n d , t h e r e f o r e , do not
provide them.
All m a n u f a c t u r e r s contacted were a w a r e of
t h e need to c o r r e c t l a t i t u d e a n d l o n g i t u d e
values computed b y t h e i r r e c e i v e r s to a g r e e
with t h e t r u e latitude a n d longitude coordin a t e s of known locations. In some d e s i g n s ,
this requirement is i g n o r e d , a n d t h e operator is not provided with t h e means t o e n t e r
c o r r e c t i o n s . However, most receiver des i g n s permit t h e o p e r a t o r t o c a l i b r a t e t h e
receiver b y e n t e r i n g c o r r e c t i o n s e i t h e r in
t h e form of ASF from tables o r by e n t e r i n g
t h e t r u e latitude a n d longitude a t a known
location. T h e r e c e i v e r s which can b e calib r a t e d a r e divided into two g r o u p s :
a . T h o s e which t r e a t t h e e n t e r e d calibration v a l u e a s t h e only correction req u i r e d . T h e y compute f u r t h e r latitude a n d
l o n g i t u d e values u s i n g t h e baseline s t a n d -
WILD GOOSE ASSOC I A T l O N R A D I O N A V I G A T I O N JOURNAL 1984
the simple VFR Loran
The R-20 Loran is straightforward and
simple, leading the pilot by the hand
through the programming sequence.
Designed around a 24-character LCD
readout, the R-20 is the VFR descendent
of ARNAV's IFR certificated AVA-1000
system. It offers storage of up to 200
waypoints, each programmed by lat/lon,
distance along a radial from a waypoint
or a stored "present position".
Waypoints are identified in plain
language alpha or numerics in five
display spaces. All 200 waypoints are
alphabetized automatically and may be
recalled quickly with a turn of the
SELECT knob.
The R-20 Loran incorporates several
other features to minimize pilot workload.
Lat/lon inputs are made on a keyboard
rather than with a time-consuming slew
control. Also, the R-20 locks on to all
secondary stations once the chain has
been selected, and bases its position
information more accurately on multiple
triangulation from the entire chain.
The R-20 also figures its own magnetic
variation for a given position and adds it
to or subtracts it from bearing
information. Other display features are
Bearing and Distance to Destination,
Ground Speed and Time to Station,
Track and Desired Track, Cross Track
Error, CDI, GRI in Use, Present Position
Readout.
Minimum Safe Altitude is an option
designed to provide the pilot with
Minimum Safe Altitude (MSA) and
Minimum Enroute Safe Altitude (MESA)
information. When interrogated the
system reads out the MSA for the present
position. It also computes and displays
the MESA for the route ahead to
destination, and for four miles each side
of flight centerline.
WILD GOOSE ASSOCIATION RADIONAVIGATION JOURNAL
TABLE 1.
L I S T OF LORAN-C RECEIVER MANUFACTURERSIDISTRIBUTORS
MANUFACTURER
Advanced Navigation, Inc.
Arnav, Inc.
Austron, Inc.
Datamarine lnternational
Dlgital Marine Electronics
Epsco Marine
Foster Airdata
Furuno USA
I1 Morrow, Inc.
lnternational Avionics
lnternational Marine Inst.
K i n g Marine Radio
Megapulse, Inc.
Micrologic
Meico (LSA Scientific)
Motorola. Inc.
Nautical Electronics
Navidyne Corporation
Offshore Navigation, Inc.
Racal-Decw Avionics
Radar Devices. Inc.
Raytheon Marine Co.
Si-Tex
Simrad, Inc.
SRD Labs
Teledyne Systems Company
Texas Instruments
Trimble Navigation
28 MANUFACTURERS
MODEL
MARINE
AVIATION
57
-
21
-
SURVEY I
MONITOR
TIME
LAND
AN1 7000
Eagle
AVA-1000
ARNAV 50
ARNAV 60
ARNAV 20
2100-F
2100
4000 Navigator LC
Northstar 6000
Northstar 7000
Northstar 800
C-PLOT RX
C-NAV X L
C-NAV SX
LNS 616
LC-70
LC-80
LC-200
Apollo I
Avenger 511
Avenger 5018
Avenger 512
Avenger 502BR
LC-300
LC-403
LC-404
LC-408
LC-360
LC-720
LC-1200
CombiLoran 860
KING BOO1
A c c u f i i 500
5000-Portable
500OA-Portable
ML-220
ML-320
ML-3000
ML-4000
ML-2000N
ML-2000R
ML-4100
ML-5000 Basic
C-MASTER X
C-MASTER I V
C-MASTER V
C-MASTER I V L i L
NAVL-I
Autofix 911
Autofix 921
Autofix 911-A
Autofix 900
ESZ-7000iN
ESZ-7000
ON 1-7000
ADL-81
ADL-82
RDI-XXXX
RAYNAV 7000
RAYNAV 750
RAYNAV 6000
Si-TexlKoden 760
Si-Tex lKoden 787
Si-TexiKoden 787C
S i - T u l K o d e n 717
TL-838
TL-856
CLX-95
L-NAV 25
MLX
TL-711A
TI-9900
TI-9900N
TI-5000
TI-900OA
TI-9000N
TI-9000s
TI-9100
TI-9900SP
TI-9900SPN
TI-91
T I-9000NS
Trimble lOOA
Trimble 200
85 RECEIVERS
4
-
2
-
1
-
WILD GOOSE ASSOCIATION R A D I O N A V I G A T I O N JOURNAL 1984
~ e Compact
w
Loran C '
Is Submersion Proof!
Mount It
Wherever
You Want It:
Even In
High-Splash
Locations!
Now you can mount a
high-performance fullfunction Loran C right
out in the cockpit, even
when she's awash! With
a portability option, you
can carry it with you anywhere, even t o the flying
bridge.This submersionproof ML-5500 is 5O0/0
smaller than our proven
ML-5000,with morefeatures including 59 waypoints, 10 routes, colorcoded snap-action keyboard, and much more!
Options include CDI, remote display, external
speaker, and Edson-pod
mounting. Call or write
for FREE literature.
MICROLOGIC
20801 Dearborn Chatsworth California 91 31 1
Phone: (818)
99d-1216 ~~~kx:910.494-4832
World Leaderin Loran C Technology
PIONEERS OF LORAN-c RANGE/RANGE
OPERATIONS FOR P R E C I S ION
P O S I T I O N I N G REQUIREMENTS W I T H
THE AUSTRON 5 0 0 0 LORAN-C SYSTEM
ACCUFI X LORAN-C TRANSMITTERS FOR
TEMPORARY OR PERMANENT COVERAGE
O N I - 7 0 0 0 A 1 RBORNE LORAN-C SYSTEM
l l l l T H E ONLY LORAN-C SYSTEM W I T H
COAST TO COAST COVERAGE U S I N G
EX1 S T I N G S T A T I O N S
F L I T E TRAK A I R T R A F F I C CONTROL AND
F L I G H T FOLLOW ING TELEMETRY AND
D I S P L A Y SYSTEMS
.
OFFSHORE NAVIGATION, INC.
P.O. Box 23504 New Orleans, Louisiana 70183
Phone 5041733-6790. Cable "OFFNAV" Telex 058-381
Offices in New Orleans, Houston, Singapore. Geneva, Perth,
Calgary, St. Johns, Tampico, Ciudad del Carmen, Rio de Janeiro
WILD GOOSE A S S O C I A T I O N R A D I O N A V I G A T I O N JOURNAL 1 9 8 4
a r d atmospheric model w i t h a constant bias
value (e.g., M L X ) .
b. Many marine receivers commonly u s e
t h e c a l i b r a t i o n a t a dock as a way o f r e moving t h e effect o f l a n d mass o n t h e signals t r a v e l l i n g t o t h e coast, a n d t h e n use
t h e all-seawater model t o compensate f o r
t h e additional ASF obtained as t h e boat
lnternav
moves away from t h e coast (e.g.,
LC 300).
Several r e c e i v e r s employ more sophisticated
ASF c o r r e c t i o n techniques such as s t o r i n g
T D c o r r e c t i o n maps o r c o n d u c t i v i t y maps
i n t h e computer memory. T h e raw data
from t h e c o n d u c t i v i t y maps i s used t o calculate ASF. Receivers which have stored
c o r r e c t i o n maps i n computer memory i n c l u d e
t h e Micrologic 5000, t h e AVA-1000, a n d t h e
N o r t h s t a r 7000. Receivers which h a v e
s t o r e d c o n d u c t i v i t y maps a n d ASF calculations a r e t h e AN1 ( O N I ) 7000 a n d t h e
T r i m b l e 1001200 receivers. D u r i n g 1983,
t h e r e was a t r e n d towards designs t h a t
i n c l u d e d automatic ASF c o r r e c t i o n s t h r o u g h
t h e u s e o f c o r r e c t i o n maps o r tables (e.g.,
A R N A V 20, 50, 60, K i n g 8001, Micrologic
6000).
2.2
'
M U L T I - S T A T I O N SOLUTIONS.
T r a d i t i o n a l Loran-C position location determination has been accomplished u s i n g
t h e T D values p r o d u c e d between t h e mast e r t r a n s m i t t e r a n d two selected secondaries.
I n locations where signals a r e
available f r o m more t h a n two secondaries,
i t is possible t o p r o d u c e locations from T D
values between t h e master a n d all stations
i n t h e c h a i n . In general, t h e inclusion o f
data based o n additional stations will p r o duce a more accurate position location f i x
a n d t h e a b i l i t y t o p r o v i d e continuous l a t i t u d e a n d l o n g i t u d e o u t p u t s w i t h o u t switchi n g between stations. P r o p r i e t a r y information i s n o t available on t h e specific computational techniques used i n receivers designed f o r multi-station solutions. However, t h e following levels o f sophistication
a r e identifiable :
a. I n t h e simplest case, a T D value
may b e t r e a t e d as a n independent measure
o f a l i n e o f position which can b e used
w i t h a n o t h e r T D value t o determine a
position location.
b. More sophisticated models incorpor a t e t h e r e l a t i v e q u a l i t y o f each T D value
i n t o t h e solution, c a u s i n g stations w i t h a
s t r o n g e r signal a t t h e r e c e i v e r t o b e
weighted more h e a v i l y i n t h e solution t h a n
those stations w i t h weaker signals.
c . T h e most complete multi-station solut i o n will recognize t h a t t h e signal q u a l i t y
associated w i t h each T D value contains a
common element ( t h e master station), a n d
t h u s t h e T D values a r e statistically c o r r e lated. T h i s permits t h e w e i g h t i n g o f t h e
v a r i o u s T D values a c c o r d i n g t o t h e i r t r u e
quality.
A p r o p e r l y perfomed multi-station solution
is i n h e r e n t l y master independent ( i g n o r i n g
t h e problems o f receiver l o c k u p w i t h o u t a
master station)".
T o sustain t h i s master
independence quality, however, it is
necessary t o recognize t h a t :
a . T h e covariance m a t r i x has non-zero
cross-correlation terms.
b. T h e precision o f mathematics r e q u i r e d
will b e g r e a t l y increased if a station o f
v e r y low q u a l i t y i s selected as t h e common
station.
Receivers u s i n g multi-station solutions inc l u d e t h e AN1 ( O N I ) 7000, which i s capable
o f employing t h e signals from as many a s
e i g h t d i f f e r e n t t r a n s m i t t e r s (from a s many
as f o u r d i f f e r e n t chains; see cross-chain,
below) a n d t h e AVA-1000, which i s capable
o f t r a c k i n g a n d p r o d u c i n g a simultaneous
solution u s i n g signals f r o m all secondaries
i n a g i v e n chain.
T h e T r i m b l e receivers employ a multi-stat i o n solution i n a limited way. O n l y t w o
T D values a r e used t o compute l a t i t u d e a n d
l o n g i t u d e coordinates, w i t h a third time T D
value ( w h e r e available) u s e d t o resolve t h e
i n h e r e n t ambiguity p r e s e n t i n h y p e r b o l i c
systems.
In p a r t i c u l a r , T r i m b l e cites a
case where identical time d i f f e r e n c e readi n g s a r e obtained in California a n d i n
Nevada. Although,. in t h i s case, t h e d i f f e r ence i n position location should b e obvious
t o t h e u s e r a n d hence correctable, t h e
T r i m b l e c o r r e c t s t h e readings automatically/
T h e f i r s t low-cost marine receiver employi n g a multi-station solution is t h e C-MASTER
X f r o m Mieco. T h i s receiver also p r o v i d e s
f o r automatic s w i t c h i n g as t h e u s e r t r a n s i tions between chains.
2.3
NOTCH FILTERS.
Notch f i l t e r s a r e i n c l u d e d in Loran-C r e ceiver designs t o remove t h e effects of
i n t e r f e r i n g signals. T h e f r e q u e n c y b a n d
from 90 t o 110 k H z i s recognized b y t h e
* R . M . Passi, "On Some Aspects of OMEGA
Windfinding," Journal of Applied Meteoroloqy,
Vol. 14 No. 8, Dec. 1975, pp 1499-1502.
WILD GOOSE ASS( ) C I A T I O N R A D I O N A V I G A T I O N JOURNAL
I n t e r n a t i o n a l Telecommunications U n i o n as
a p r o t e c t e d radionavigation b a n d i n Region
11.
However, t h i s b a n d was allocated in
t e r m s o f r a d i a t e d t r a n s m i t t e r power a n d
n o t i n terms o f t h e b a n d w i d t h necessary
f o r a r e c e i v e r t o receive a n d process
I n general, Loran-C
L o r a n - C signals.
r e c e i v e r s a r e designed w i t h a b a n d w i d t h
t h a t varies o v e r t h e r a n g e 20 t o 40 kHz.
F o r t h i s reason, n o t c h f i l t e r s a r e necessary
t o b l o c k i n t e r f e r i n g signals p r e s e n t in t h e
p o r t i o n o f t h e f r e q u e n c y spectrum outside
o f 90 t o 110 k H z . F u r t h e r , i n t h e European regions (Regions I a n d I l l ) , n o t c h
o r band-stop f i l t e r s a r e r e q u i r e d t o r e move FSK signals which a r e t r a n s m i t t e d i n
t h e 90 t o 110 k H z b a n d (i.e., 106, 110
kHz).
T h e number o f n o t c h f i l t e r s added t o a
r e c e i v e r depends on t h e q u a l i t y o f t h e
receiver, i t s a n t i c i p a t e d application, a n d
I n gent h e geographic area o f usage.
eral, fewer n o t c h f i l t e r s a r e f o u n d i n low
cost receivers. E v e n in low cost receivers, however, t h e o p t i o n o f p r o c u r i n g a
third o r f o u r t h n o t c h f i l t e r i s available t o
t h e customer (e.g., S i t e x I K o d e n 787 has
t w o notch f i l t e r s w i t h a n optional t h i r d ) .
T h e majority o f medium-priced a n d highe r performance receivers incorporate between f o u r a n d six n o t c h f i l t e r s . T h e
number o f n o t c h f i l t e r s also v a r i e s b o t h
w i t h anticipated use a n d area o f usage o f
t h e receiver. A i r c r a f t c a r r i e r s t y p i c a l l y
r e q u i r e more notches t h a n marine rec e i v e r s because t h e l a r g e operational
area o f a n a i r c r a f t p l a t f o r m will make rec e i v e r s susceptible t o many i n t e r f e r i n g
signals. F o r example, t h e A V A - 1000
includes n i n e f i x e d - n o t c h filters, while
t h e AN1 ( O N I ) receiver uses f o u r comp u t e r - t u n e d additional fixed-notch f i l t e r s .
A t t h e b e g i n n i f i g o f 1983, t h e C-MASTER
X , C-MASTER IX, N o r t h s t a r 7000 a n d t h e
T r i m b l e marine receivers were designed
w i t h automatic computer-tuned n o t c h
f i l t e r s . A t t h e p r e s e n t time, t h e use o f
automatic computerztuned n o t c h f i l t e r s i n
a receiver d e s i g n is commonplace.
2.4
of r a n g e from t r a n s m i t t e r t o u s e r p r o v i d e d
t h a t t h e u s e r has a s a t i s f a c t o r y time
r e f e r e n c e against w h i c h t o measure t h e
time o f a r r i v a l o f t h e l o r a n pulse.
In
t h e o r y , it i s possible t o o b t a i n a position
f i x u s i n g t h r e e geometrically dispersed
stations w h i c h a r e members o f t h r e e d i f f e r e n t chair,^. I n practice, t h i s i s n o t t h e
case f o r t w o reasons:
a. T h e cross-chain r e p e t i t i o n i n t e r v a l
between chains varies in time. A non-ambiguous measure o f T D between t w o stations
from d i f f e r e n t chains is possible o n l y if t h e
u s e r has some idea o f time epoch.
b. T h e U.S. Coast G u a r d c o n t r o l s t h e
T D values w i t h i n a g i v e n c h a i n . T h e emission times between chains i s c o n t r o l l e d b y
t h e U.S. Naval O b s e r v a t o r y (USNO) b y v i r t u e o f t h e s y n c h r o n i z a t i o n of each Loran-C
Interc h a i n w i t h t h e USNO Master Clock.
c h a i n time i s specified t o a n accuracy o f
2 2 . 5 microseconds w i t h r e s p e c t t o USNO.
While microsecond s y n c h r o n i z a t i o n times a r e
impressive i n terms o f absolute time dissemination, t h e y r e p r e s e n t l a r g e position areas
when t h e y a r e considered as T D e r r o r s .
These considerations r e q u i r e t h e u s e r o f
cross-chain signal r e c e i v e r s t o t r a c k a t
least two stations from each chain, t h u s
p r o v i d i n g a t least one l i n e o f position. T h e
major advantage o f u s i n g cross-chain operat i o n o c c u r s i n areas o f marginal coverage
s u c h as t h e mid-continent U.S. a n d p a r t s
o f Canada.
Several receivers have cross-chain navigat i o n capability,
These a r e t h e AN1 ( O N I )
7000 receiver, which can t r a c k u p t o f o u r
chains, a n d t h e new receivers available
from l n t e r n a t i o n a A v i a t i o n ( I n t e r n a v , t h e
LC-720, t h e LC-1200, a n d t h e LC-480,
which can t r a c k two chains. T w o o l d e r
a i r b o r n e receivers, t h e ADL-81 a n d t h e
ADL-82, p r o v i d e cross-chain operation, as
each station i s t r a c k e d b y an independent
oscillator.
CROSS-CHAIN OPERATION.
Each t r a n s m i t t e r i n t h e Loran-C Navigation
System is capable of p r o v i d i n g a measure
Table 2 summarizes t h e technical developments in Loran-C receiver design.
On Loran C3sFrontier
Advanced Navigation
Is A Moving Force.
f
>;
For more than 15 years the people at Advanced Navigation have been setting new standards in navigation,
monitoring and simulation. In 1984, AN1 established new
technical milestones.
Navigation In 1984 AN1 concentrated on accuracy and area
coverage expansion. The Model 7000 Airborne Loran-C Navigator had already conquered the "Mid-Continent Gap,' but
there were small pockets of resistance. Our research identified
new information on synchronous interference and propogation
anomalies. Since the 7000 system is software controlled, even
our earliest receiver now enjoys the advantages of our latest
Monitoring The 7000 System is now available in a monitor version.
While the Model 5000 System is still available, supported and in
use from California to Saudi Arabia, the 7000 monitor brings a small,
portable monitor receiver to the market-one that is as well-docurnented as it is simple to use.
I
I
I
I
-b
I\
Simulation In 1984, AN1 made its most ambitious strides
in simulation. The 2500 programmable and dynamic LoranC Simulator system generates four rates-a master station
and up to five secondaries on each rate. The ground wave
and skywave amplitudes are controllable on each station.
The system also includes: two CWI sources, a gausian/atmospheric noise generator, provision for a customer noise source,
and ECD control over a -C.4microsecond range with 10 nanosecond resolution.Testing to RTCA or RTCM MOPS is possible.
How about flight simulation?The IBM personal computer controller allows disk file flight plans with real-time control, including a joystick control for groundspeed and heading. Also, the
Model 2042 Portable Simulator is still available and supported.
So if you re in search of systems on the frontier of Loran-C technology, contact Advanced Navigation. ANI. The unchallenged leader
~nLoran-C technology today. Dedicated to creating advanced innovative Loran-C technology for tomorrow.
\
MD 20850
021 Lofstrand Lane. Rockv~lle.
(301) 424-8730
(Formerly Austron Nav~gatlon,Inc.)
\
,+'
'
WILD GOOSE ASSOCIATION RADIONAVIGATION JOURNAL 1984
PHASE LACS OF 100 K H z RADIOFREQUENCY GROUND WAVE
AND
APPROXIMATE FORMULAS FOR COMPUTATION
INTRODUCTION
T h e L o r a n C n a v i g a t i o n systems p r o v i d e good r e p e a t a b i l i t y in t h e g r o u n d
wave reception region. T h e p o s i t i o n i n g accuracy, however, i s always much
lower because t r a n s l a t i o n o f r e c e i v e r readings i n t o c h a r t position i s a f f e c t e d
b y t h e u n c e r t a i n t i e s in estimation o f phase l a g q u a n t i t i e s .
In recent years, much e f f o r t has been d i r e c t e d towards t h e improvement o f
phase l a g estimation procedures. T h u s t h e M i l l i n g t o n method applicable f o r
a mixed (e.9. land-sea) p r o p a g a t i o n p a t h has gained some recognition. T h i s
method pre-supposes t h a t phase l a g values f o r v a r i o u s c o n d u c t i v i t i e s of a
homogeneous g r o u n d a r e r e a d i l y available.
A more widespread u s e o f t h e M i l l i n g t o n method i s hampered by t w o problems.
F i r s t l y , t h e available p u b l i s h e d data f o r t h e phase lags o f homogeneous
g r o u n d d o n o t c o v e r s u f f i c i e n t l y t h e low g r o u n d c o n d u c t i v i t i e s met in some
areas o f Canada. Secondly, t h e phase lags p r e s e n t e d in t h e f o r m o f tables
a r e inconvenient f o r i n c o r p o r a t i o n in small computer programs.
T h i s r e p o r t addresses b o t h o f these problems. T h e phase l a g data p r e s e n t e d
h e r e f o r homogeneous g r o u n d also c o v e r s low g r o u n d c o n d u c t i v i t i e s a t closel y spaced c o n d u c t i v i t y i n t e r v a l s . T h e r e a r e also data f o r low seawater cond u c t i v i t i e s . F o r use in computer programs, t w o coefficient formulas h a v e
been developed t o e x p r e s s t h e phase lag v a r i a t i o n s w i t h t h e distance f r o m
the transmitter.
PHASE LAG D A T A
, T h e g r o u n d wave phase lags p r e s e n t e d h e r e h a v e been obtained by t h e u s e
of computing p r o c e d u r e s a n d formulas as described b y J.R. Johler e t al ( 2 )
a n d as based o n t h e theories of K . A . Norton, Van d e r Pol, a n d H Bremmer.
.
A c c o r d i n g t o these theories, t h e plane e a r t h model i s u s e d near t h e t r a n s m i t t e r a n d t h e spherical e a r t h model for l o n g distances.
T h e computation f o r a plane e a r t h model i s a r a t h e r simple a n d s t r a i g h t f o r w a r d process, as it also i s f o r a spherical e a r t h model if t h e g r o u n d cond u c t i v i t i e s a r e above 0 . 0 0 1 mholm
A t low conductivities, however, t h e
phase computation f o r t h e spherical e a r t h model becomes v e r y complicated.
.
WILD GOOSE ASSOC I A T I O N RAD I O N A V l C A T l O N JOURNAL 1984
A number o f i n t r i c a t e sub-routines f o r numerical i n t e g r a t i o n a n d f o r iterat i o n o f Hankel f u n c t i o n s a r e r e q u i r e d t o o b t a i n w i t h s u f f i c i e n t accuracy t h e
values f o r t h e a l l important parameter T,
T h e mathematical p r o c e d u r e s
i n v o l v e d h a v e been described by H H. Howe ( 3 ) a n d L. C. Walters e t al ( 4 ) .
.
.
T h e phase lags presented in t h i s r e p o r t a r e e x p r e s s e d in metres a n d indicate t h e l a g of actual wave f r o n t in respect t o a f i c t i t i o u s wave moving a t
t h e vacuum velocity, C = 299, 792.5 Kmlsec. T h e phase lag a t t h e t r a n s m i t t e r i s by d e f i n i t i o n set t o b e equal t o .~rr a d i a n s (1499.0 m ) . T h e values
g i v e n r e p r e s e n t t h e total phase l a g f o r a smooth spherical a n d homogeneous
a n d account f o r t h e e f f e c t s o f atmospheric r e f r a c t i v i t y ( N = 3381,
earth,
v e r t i c a l lapse f a c t o r o f atmosphere ( a. = 0.75), c u r v a t u r e o f earth, g r o u n d
impedance a n d t h e i n d u c t i o n field.
T h e d i e l e c t r i c constant f o r l a n d i s
assumed t o b e E 2 = 15 a n d f o r seawater E 2 = 81.
In phase l a g computation, it i s assumed t h a t t h e t r a n s m i t t e r i s a p o i n t source
Since none o f t h e actual
a n d located d i r e c t l y o n t h e sphere o f e a r t h .
antennae w i l l s a t i s f y these assumptions, t h e theoretical phase l a g may d i s agree w i t h t h e actual one if t h e observations a r e made v e r y near t o t h e
transmitter.
T h e theoretical phase lags f o r seawater p a t h s h a v e been v e r i f i e d in t h e
past by f i e l d observations up t o distances o f 500 km, as it i s described in
(5).
However, no e x t e n s i v e v e r i f i c a t i o n s h a v e e v e r been made t o t e s t t h e
t h e o r y o n phase propagation a t l a n d c o n d u c t i v i t i e s .
It would indeed b e a
v e r y d i f f i c u l t t a s k because t h e n a t u r a l l a n d i s n o t a homogeneous medium
b u t r a t h e r a heterogeneous a n d a s t r a t i f i e d medium w i t h a n i r r e g u l a r s u r f a c e
a n d i r r e g u l a r pockets a n d l a y e r s o f d i f f e r i n g c o n d u c t i v i t i e s .
T h e data u s e r s w i l l notice a c u r i o u s phenomenon a t v e r y low g r o u n d cond u c t i v i t i e s - t h e phase lags s t a r t t o decrease when c o n d u c t i v i t y t e n d s t o
It i s d i f f i c u l t t o say whether it i s a t r u e f a c t o r it simply e x h i b i t s
zero.
a d e f i c i e n c y in t h e p r e s e n t l y accepted theories o n t h e r a d i o wave d i f f r a c t i o n
a r o u n d a spherical e a r t h .
Bremmer's comments o n page 34 of ( 1 ) o n t h e
omitted h i g h e r o r d e r "rainbow terms" indicate t h a t h i s d e r i v e d formulas
T h e application limits o f
w i l l b e inaccurate f o r a p u r e d i e l e c t r i c sphere.
formulas, however, a r e n o t c l e a r l y defined.
COEFFICIENT FORMULAS
T h e phase lag change w i t h t h e distance from t h e t r a n s m i t t e r may b e e x Since o u r i n t e r e s t i s t o h a v e a s h o r t
pressed by a coefficient formula.
a n d simple expression, it u s u a l l y would b e a n approximation o n l y .
T o s a t i s f y d i f f e r e n t accuracy requirements o f t h e data users, t w o formulas,
B a n d C, were developed.
Formula B produces phase l a g values w i t h a n
It contains 5 coefficients w h i c h v a r y w i t h
approximation o f t 20 metres.
the ground conductivity.
Formula C i s more accurate. A p p r o x i m a t i o n b y
it does n o t exceed t. 6 metres, but it contains 8 v a r i a b l e coefficients. T h e
You Can Afford
Martin Carl Poppe, Jr.
L-NAV25
CAMBRIDGE ENGINEERING
P.O. Box 66
CAMBRIDGE, VERMONT 05444
Electronic Systems
Consultation & Development
Telephone
(802) 644-5196
Em1111
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Specializing in radio navigation signal behavior
under the influence of irregular and nonhomogeneous terrain, CRPLi provides services in:
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Algorithms available for Loran-CID chain
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COLORADO RESEARCH AND PREDICTION LABORATORY, INC.
RADIO SCIENCE A T ITS BEST
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TELEPHONE: (303) 530-7201
WILD GOOSE ASSOC I A T l O N R A D I O N A V I G A T I O N JOURNAL 1984
comparison o f accurate phase l a g values w i t h those obtainable by formulas
B a n d C a r e shown o n pages 15 t o 54 o f ( 6 ) .
I n t h e formula development t h e distances s h o r t e r t h a n 2 k m h a v e been
omitted t o a v o i d i n t r o d u c t i o n of additional new terms a n d also because t h e
phase l a g p r e d i c t i o n v e r y near t h e t r a n s m i t t e r becomes u n r e l i a b l e a n y w a y .
T h e formulas a r e as follows:
FORMULA B
FORMULA C
where
S =
lop5 x
distance in metres
e = base of n a t u r a l logarithms = 2.71828
Bl to B 5
C1 to C8
a r e coefficients dependent o n t h e g r o u n d c o n d u c t i v i t y
T h e numerical values of t h e coefficients f o r v a r i o u s g r o u n d c o n d u c t i v i t i e s
a r e g i v e n o n pages 12 a n d 13. A s c a n b e seen, t h e coefficient values
change r a t h e r smoothly f o r c o n d u c t i v i t i e s above 0.0005 mholm. Here, if so
desired, t h e c o e f f i c i e n t values may b e interpolated.
It i s possible, o f course, t o e x p r e s s each coefficient as a f u n c t i o n o f conIt seems, t h e r e d u c t i v i t y b u t t h e d e r i v e d formulas a r e r a t h e r cumbersome.
fore, t h a t t h e u s e o f computer memory f o r storage of coefficients g i v e n f o r
d i s c r e t e g r o u n d c o n d u c t i v i t i e s i s s t i l l t h e most convenient p r o c e d u r e .
REFERENCES
(1)
Bremmer, H ; Terrestrial Radio Waves, Theory of Propagation; Elsevier Publishing Company,
Amsterdam - New Y o r k , 1949.
(2)
Johler, J. R . ; Kellar, W.J.; Waiters, L . C . ; Phase of Low Radiofrequency Ground Wave; National
Bureau of Standards Circular 573, U . S . Government Printing Office, 1956.
MARINE ELECTRICAL INTERFERENCE C H E C K LIST
P r e p a r e d by MARINE TECHNOLOGY, INC. L o n g Beach, Ca. USA
PROBLEMS
POSSIBLE SOURCES
CURES
AudiolHi-Fi Equipment:
Wernator whine in any receiver, tape system.
11-filoud-haileror radiophone receiver Whine
laries in pitch with engine speed
'ixed-frequency whine or whistle in the above
?quipment
I
The alternator normally develops an audio
frequency voltage (1Jo 6 KHz), across the
battery
Use the MAR-P5. PI0 or P25 in the powerlines to affected receiver (s). depending on
the current reauired
Any DClDC or DCIAC converter such as
used in
Electronic ignition
Radar set
12V to 115VAC supplies
The MAR P5 PI0 or P25 may be used in the
power wiring to the offending device as well
as to the affected receivers However certajn
high power inverters may work only when
connected directly to the battery
is
-
-
HF SSB Marine and Amateur Receivers:
m u l a r popping sound ot iow engine speeds
I Gasol~neenglne ignition system
Use a MAR 10A filter on the primary ( + 12 volt)
lead from the key to the ignition system Install
at theengine
Use resistor type spark plugs and resistortype plug wiring Test or replace resistor type
plug wiring if over three yearsod
Use a MAR~TAC2 filter at the engine on the
line tp an electronic tachometer Also. use a
MAR-P5 in the power leads at the tach.
especially if it's a digital unit
Intermittent frying noises.
Mechanicai voltage regulator
Install two MAR-ACE2filters on the four leads
to the regulator
Srinding noise when in geai
Intermittent electrical grounding of shaft due
to oil film in transmission and bearings
Install shaft brush to provide a good elec
trical connection between propeller shaft
and engine ground
411 of above
Residual rt noise in the vessel's electrical
system
MAR HF in powerline to radioteiephone
MAR HF2 in ground lead to radiotelephone
Loran C. Radionavigation System:
-
System Can't b e used while engines are runl i n g Symptoms ore . . .
Can't acquire LOP'S
Can't hold LOP'S when engine started
Cycle jumps (10-counterrors)
SNR unacceptably low
--
-
-
- -
Alternator diode noise gas or Diesel engines
MAR-70A or MAR-120A on each alternator.
Electronic ignition. gasoline engines
MAR-1OA in f 1 2 V or "booby-light" lead
to alternator voltage regulator
Note. Interferencemay appear more severe
at some englne speeds than at others
MAR-IOA in
gas engine
+ 12V wire to
ignition circuits.
MAR-TAC 2 at electronic tach connection
on gas engine
MAR-P5filter in the power wires to each electronic tach unit
MAR~LCkit on Loran C receiver power and
ground wire (gas or Diesel)
System can't be used while certain access3ries operate [Symptoms same as above)
-
Television set
Turn
- - - thina off
- the.
DC Motors on pumps. blowers, refrigerators.
wipers, bait tanks. bilge pumps heods. c e makers. etc
Instal a MAR-P5 (5 arnps) or MAR-PI0 (10
amps) or MAR P25 (25 arnps) in the powerlines to the offending motor Also use MAR-LC
Fluorescent lights-Strobe lights.-All digital
instruments
(Tachometers.wind speed and
distance etc ) Computers. calculators on
ships power
Install a MAR P5 In the power leads to the
unit Use MAR LC
Use short pieces of wire to bond fluore;
cent light chassis parts together and to the
negative power lead
DClDC and DCIAC power converters [as in
some Rodars).
Use the MAR-PI0 or P25 in the powerlead!
to the unit Use the MAR-LC
l e ~ t Sounders.
h
Sonar:
c
Same cures useful for Loran C engine anc
accessory noise problems The MAR-P5 is
effective in the poweriines to the deptb
sounder
ixcessive background hash, obscuring indcation and reduclng range
same
nterference at top speeds only.
Propeller cavitation, transducer mount covitation
I*
sources as affect Loran
A Tuned G r o u n d L e a d Installation Kit
*
Review propeller selection Review mounl
location
MAR-DS
Low Pass Filters for Depth Sounders
Dealer inquiries welcome
MARINE TECHNOLOGV8~nc
2722 Temple Ave., Long Beach, Ca. 90806 USA
(213) 595-6521
Coll Toll Free Outside Calif. (800)772-0796
WILD GOOSE ASSOCIATION R A D l O N A V l C A T l O N JOURNAL 1984
(3)
Howe, N .H. ; Note on t h e Solution o f Riccarti's Differential Equation; Journal o f Research of the
National Bureau o f Standards, Vol. 64B. No.2, April-June, 1960.
(4)
Walters, L.C.; Johler, J.R.; On t h e D i f f r a c t i o n of Spherical Radio Waves b y a F i n i t e l y Conducting
Spherical Earth; Journal o f Research o f t h e National Bureau o f Standards, Vol. 66D. NO. 1,
January-February, 1962.
(5)
Brunavs, P. ; Wells,
AOL Report, 1971.
(6)
Brunavs, P.; Phase Lags o f 100 KHz Radiofrequency Ground Wave and Approximation Formulas
f o r Computation; Canadian Hydrographic Service, Department o f Fisheries a n d Oceans, March, 1977.
D.E. ; Accurate Phase Lag Measurements over Seawater Using Decca Lambda,
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HYPERBOLIC A N D DIRECT RANGING LORAN
INTRODUCTION
Radionavigation services designed for hyperbolic position fixing can be used for circular position fixing if the
transmitters and receiver are equipped with sufficiently precise timing devices. In the case of loran, if a receiver
is equipped with a timing device driven by a highly stable oscillator and time is initially set to that of the transmitters, the ranges t o the transmitters can be estimated from measurements of the time of arrival of the loran pulses.
Error buildup on the order of 200 meters per day can be obtained using a rubidium oscillator and from 2 to
20 meters per day can be expected using a cesium oscillator. Direct ranging of this type is called rho-rho or rangerange navigation.
A second, quite different type of direct ranging navigation has been developed and tested. This system uses
a high-stability, crystal oscillator in its receiver and relies on a digital computer with a fairly complex estimation
program to accurately calibrate the oscillator phase and frequency with respect to the transmitters. This type
of radio navigator is called a self-calibrating direct ranging system, and, when applied to loran, it typifies what
is known as direct ranging loran (DRL).
HISTORY
Direct ranging radionavigation is not a new idea, and many people have contributed to its theoretical and
practical development. Its development in loran, however, began in 1968 with the observation by Joseph Ryerson that the precision of loran might be improved by use of a direct ranging receiver (Reference 1). C. T. Kelley,
Jr., made similar observations in applying direct ranging to range-range navigation at about the same time (Reference 2). Subsequently, Leo Horowitz (Reference 3) proposed the development of a self-calibrating system using
a Kalman filter t o calibrate both oscillator phase and frequency, as well as the propagation errors of the loran
signals.
A theoretical basis was developed in Reference 3 that indicated that such a system might significantly improve
transmitter coverage and system geometry, permit accurate navigation using two transmitters, and reduce propagation anomaly errors. The idea was somewhat controversial, and the likelihood of success in estimating the
propagation errors was questioned by T. W. Jerardi and others at The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. The idea was extensively supported, however, by Harry Davis in USAF Headquarters, Lloyd
Higginbotham in the USAF LORAN Program Office, and Col. William Delaney in the Air Force Avionics Laboratory (AFAL); and a two-phase program to explore DRL was initiated by the Air Force Avionics Laboratory
with Teledyne Systems Company.
Phase one consisted of the gathering and reduction of data to verify the basic theory. It was completed in
1970 and was followed by phase two, which began in 1971 and was completed in 1973. The second phase included development of a prototype airborne system, 44 flight tests, and subsequent data analysis and reporting. AFAL
also contracted with Analytic Sciences Corporation during phase two to provide an independent evaluation of
the theoretical basis for advantages claimed for DRL and also an evaluation of the system mechanization Teledyne was employing (Reference 4).
The Air Force DRL program has been the subject of debate and controversy since its inception. To many,
the advantages of DRL seemed real enough for civil or strategic missions, but questionable for tactical systems.
To others, it seemed unlikely that DRL could ever exhibit improvements over hyperbolic loran (HL) in the real
world. Under the strain of better established requirements and budgetary constraints, as time progressed DRL
became an option secondary to time-tested HL. A considerable body of data and literature, both classified and
unclassified, exists concerning the AFAL DRL programs. However, the findings of DRL experiments available
to the public are inconclusive regarding its utility.
COMPARISON OF HYPERBOLIC AND DIRECT RANGING LORAN
Direct ranging loran has meant different things to different people, and, with the passage of time, it has meant
different things to the same people. In simplest terms, DRL position fixes are obtained from the intersections
of two or more circles, the radii of which are the distances from transmitters. Hyperbolic loran obtains position
fixes from the intersections of two or more hyperbolas that are defined by differences in the distances from the
transmitters that provide the foci. The geodetic positions of the transmitters are, of course, known.
The purpose of this section is to highlight the basic differences in the precision of location associated with
DRL and HL position fixing. Given receivers of equal capabilty for measuring time of signal arrival, the differences in precision of location are attributable to differences in the geometric dilution of precision (GDOP). For
the purposes of an example, we have assumed that the receiver in both cases has the capability to resolve times
of arrival to a fraction of a nanosecond. We have also assumed that it incorporates signal processing that can
reduce the influence of atmospherics to a very low level, say 6 nanoseconds standard deviation. Under these
circumstances, the dominant cause of timing deviations in the observed signal is the transmitters. Exhibit 1 shows
Exhibit 1. The 15-minute means and & 2 standard deviations for the Malone-Jupiter (M-J) and Carolina Beach-Jupiter (C-J) time differences.
the nature of these deviations. The values plotted are the 15-minute means and + 2 standard deviations computed over the 15-minute interval. From the exhibit we can assume that a representative standard deviation about
the mean is about 25 nanoseconds, or about 8 meters. Given our assumed receiver, 8 meters would pertain from
the transmitters to the fringes of the service area where the transmitters are no longer the dominant noise source.
Exhibits 2 and 3 are extracted from an unpublished report that was written some years ago when the U.S.
East Coast Loran-C Chain was operational. The methodology given in Appendix A was used to compute the
tabulated values. These are the normalized values of the major and minor axes (X, Y) of the error elipses which,
when multiplied by the standard deviation of the times of arrival applicable at the position of interest, quantify
the error in position in the same units as apply to the standard deviation. The azimuth of the X axis of tbe elipse
is 0 in the tables.
Exhibits 2 and 3 apply to the geometry established by selecting the signals of the Carolina Beach, Dana, and
Nantucket loran stations. This combination is no longer a standard set of stations for a triad due to the disestablishment of the U.S. East Coast Loran-C Chain. Nevertheless, it can be used as an example of the difference
in GDOP between HL and DRL. We have selected two positions to highlight the difference, namely 40°N, 75"W
(approximately Camden, NJ) and 32.5"N, 65"W (approximately Bermuda). Multiplying by 8 meters standard
deviation results in the values presented in Exhibit 4.
Stations: Carolina Beach, Nantucket, and Dana
Hyperbolic solution
Distribution of precision due to geometry
Normalized error ellipse
-parameters
Phase tracking time constant: 1
Longitude
Latitude -50.0 X
Y
0
-45.0 X
Y
8
-40.0 X
Y
0
-35.0 X
Y
8
-30.0 X
Y
0
-25.0 X
Y
8
-20.0
X
Y
0
Exhibit 2. Normalized error elipse parameters for hyperbolic loran where X is the major axis, Y is the
minor axis, and 8 is the azimuth of X.
WILD GOOSE A S S O C I A T I O N R A D l O N A V l G A T ION JOURNAL 1984
Direct ranging solution
Distribution of precision due to geometry
Normalized error ellipse parameters
Phase tracking time consiant: 1
Clock time constant: 10
Longitude
Latitude -50.0 X
Y
8
-45.0 X
Y
8
-40.0 X
Y
0
-35.0 X
Y
8
-30.0 X
Y
8
-25.0 X
Y
8
-20.0 X
Y
8
Exhibit 3. Normalized error elipse parameters for direct ranging loran where X is the major axis, Y
is the minor axis, and 8 is the azimuth of X.
Exhibit 4 shows the improvement in GDOP attributable to DRL. The effect of DRL is to shorten the major
axis of the error elipse relative to HL. The minor axis is the same for both. Camden is located near the area
of minimum GDOP where it is the same for both H L and DRL. Bermuda is located where one can expect GDOP
to be poor, and, although both are poor, GDOP using DRL is substantially better than using HL.
Standard deviation of error
Camden, NJ
Bermuda
HL
DRL
HL
DRL
Semi-major axis (m)
9.6
9.6
80.8
32.0
Semi-minor axis (m)
5.6
5.6
12.0
12.0
Major axis azimuth (deg)
-2 1
-23
-50
-50
Note: The DRL clock time constant is 10 times that of the phase tracking loop.
Exhibit 4. Comparison of HL and DRL geometric dilution of precision.
ROBERT L. FRANK, P.E.
ELECTRONICS CONSULTANT
Expertise in Loran systems, applications, circuits, signal
processing, interference elimination, propagation, testing,
patents, literature. Over 35 years experience.
30795 RIVER CROSSING
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More extensive comparisons show that DRL can exhibit better GDOP than HL over all of the service area
except where GDOP is minimum, in which case it is exactly the same for both. The only condition that must
be met is that the time constant of the local clock adjustment loop must be longer than that of the signal phase
tracking loops. If the time constants are the same, the solutions are identical. The area over which the better
GDOP of DRL is significant is an application problem beyond the scope of this paper.
We believe that this resolves the issue as to whether or not DRL is better than HL in principle. Unfortunately,
by so doing we have raised another issue that is far more difficult to reckon with: Can a DRL receiver be designed
with a fairly long clock time constant and at the same time prevent long-time-constant, real-world error sources
from finding their way into errors in position? Included in these sources are receiver accelerations, propagation
anomalies, circuit temperature changes, and vertical wave front profile. Problems associated with this issue are
explored in the following discussion.
EVOLUTION OF DRL
The original concept proposed by Horowitz was the use of a Kalman filter to estimate position, velocity, oscillator phase and frequency, and propagation errors. These variables can be separated, it was argued, because
each has a unique statistical behavior. For example, if the velocity errors of interest are simplistically described
as first order random processes (white noise through an integrator with negative feedback), then the following
statistical description indicates the nature of the errors:
Velocity Error
Standard Deviation
(meters/seconds)
Correlation Time
(seconds)
0.6
600
North and East
Velocity Error
Oscillator Frequency
Error
Propagation Errors
Phase Locked Loop
Tracking Errors
Covariance analyses indicated that a straightforward Kalman filter using first order statistical models could indeed separate the error sources and, in time, estimate propagation errors and oscillator errors (Reference 3).
With the benefit of five years of further experience and several hundred hours of flight test data, two major
flaws in the original framework were discovered.
1. A multidimensional Kalman filter with reasonable state driving noise for vehicle velocity fluctuation
is unstable. Nonlinearities in the ranging system are such that an oscillatory error with a period on
the order of 10 minutes is created that oscillates between vehicle and oscillator velocities. This appears
to be quite similar to the filter instability experienced when estimating orbital parameters from optical
measurements taken from a spacecraft. This instability can be eliminated either by increasing the modeled state driving noise for vehicle velocity by a factor of a million or by partitioning the Kalman filter.
Increasing the state driving noise requires an increase in computer word length of 20 bits to maintain
precision, while the partitioning requires a more complicated computer program.
2. Estimation of propagation errors ultimately requires that these errors have a zero mean value. Performance projections were based on a zero mean and a correlation distance of 30,000 feet (Reference 3).
Flight test experience indicates that their mean for a typical flight is not zero, that their correlation
distance may be many hundreds of miles, and that simple statistical models are not appropriate. The
end result was that propagation errors could not be effectively separated from position or oscillator errors.
W I L D GOOSE ASSOC I A T I O N RAD IONAVIGATION JOURNAL 1984
These modeling difficulties changed the form of DRL eventually implemented in the AFAL tests. Two possibilities presented themselves. The anomaly terms could simply be dropped from the model, leaving the rest of the
model unchanged. The oscillator calibration terms would then change slowly, lagging the propagation error variations. This system would clearly not be common grid with HL, and the indicated coordinates would depend
on the receiver's previous path.
A second possibility was to increase the state driving noise modeled for the oscillator. This would cause the
estimated phase and frequency to follow the propagation errors, making the system nearly common grid with
HL. Of course, if the state driving noise for the oscillator were made arbitrarily large, then a hyperbolic solution
would be generated and the oscillator continuity would be disregarded. It seemed logical that somewhere between the extremes of the hyperbolic solution and the one indicating a perfect oscillator and no propagation
errors, a performance optimum would be found. Various values were tried in simulations, and the expected optimum was indeed found.
Initially, it seemed attractive to increase the state driving noise for the oscillator phase and leave that for the
frequency at a small value. This caused a large variance
in the estimated phase error, so that the direct ranging
measurement was largely ignored in the position estimation when three transmitters were being tracked. Increasing the noise driving the oscillator frequency improved
the performance without sacrificing accuracy of oscillator frequency estimation to a significant extent.
-
+
a,
3
.f 10
errors
,
Oscillator
frequency
Aircraft
Exhibit 5 graphically shows the operation of the common grid DRL system. The oscillator phase and frequency are calibrated rapidly enough to follow the propagation
variations, but still more than an order of magnitude
slower than the vehicle velocity fluctuations. This enables the range measurements to be weighted according
to signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and geometry in the estimation of vehicle position and velocity.
- Aircraft
velocity
changes
loop errors
-
variables
Exhibit 5. Estimation error correlation times
for a common grid DRL system.
For example, in Exhibit 6, the direct ranging system
estimates position primarily using the M and A transmitters, which have excellent SNR and geometry. The oscillator is calibrated using B also, but the filtering time is
20 times as long as for position estimation. Hence this
direct ranging system has smaller position errors and is
less sensitive to receiver acceleration than a hyperbolic
system.
, Increasing the gain with which the oscillator frequency was calibrated seemed to have little effect on frequency estimation error and hence on two-transmitter
navigation performance. Typical calibration errors of
about 0.3 m per second were experienced; these were
caused almost entirely by propagation errors, which have
large low frequency components.
SNR = 2
A
Exhibit 6. Receiver-transmitter geometry.
In summary, three different DRL mechanizations were developed and tested. Two of these, DRL-1 and DRL-2,
were developed in 1969 and 1970 and subsequently flight tested. The DRL-3 system was developed in 1973 and
tested using recorded loran and radar data. The two original DRL systems both used partitioned Kalman filters
t o separate the estimation of position from the estimation of oscillator and propagation parameters. The DRL-1
system estimated latitude and longitude errors in one filter and oscillator phase and frequency errors in the oth-
WILD GOOSE ASSOCIATION RADIONAVIGATION JOURNAL 1984.
er. The more complex DRL-2 was of a similar configuration, but had additional propagation error states in the
second filter. All estimated quantities were small deviations with respect to the best estimates, which formed
the point of linearization for computation of the observation matrices (Reference 5). The DRL-3 mechanization,
which was developed after the flight tests, was an attempt to use an extremely simple algorithm that would require a minimum of computer memory and computational capability. This system used a single three-dimensional
Kalman filter with large, assumed state driving noise and simple external differentiation and filtering to obtain
properly filtered estimates of the desired variables and their rates.
CONCLUDING REMARKS
The self-calibrating DRL mechanization favored at the conclusion of the flight tests did not include propagation errors as estimated variables and used a state driving noise for the oscillator frequency that was much higher
than that indicated by the oscillator performance alone. The DRL system was common grid with hyperbolic
systems, had superior performance, and had a two-transmitter navigation capability. The oscillator frequency
could be calibrated to within about one part per billion (0.3 m per second) using three transmitters while airborne
and to within about 0.06 m per second using one transmitter while stationary on the ground for 5 minutes. The
crystal oscillator aging rate was about 0.15 m per second per hour. Whether or not the use of loran is sufficiently
enhanced by applying DRL instead of HL for coordinate conversion is an application problem that must be
left to the user.
REFERENCES
Ryerson, J. L., "Derivation of Circular Fixes in Hyperbolic Navigation Systems," Journal of the Institute
of Navigation, Vol. 16, No. 4, Winter 1969-70.
Kelley, C. T., Jr., "Use of Loran in the Range-Range Mode," Journal of the Institute of Navigation, Vol.
16, No. 4, Winter 1969-70.
Horowitz, L., "Direct Ranging LORAN," Journal of the Institute of Navigation, Vol. 17, No. 2, Summer
1970.
Uttam, B., and D'Appolito, J., "Evaluation of Direct Ranging LORAN Filter Mechanization," Analytic
Sciences Corporation, Report TR-215-1, September 1971.
Culver, C., "An Analytic Model of a LORAN C Navigation System," Transportation Systems Center, Department of Transportation, Report No. DOT-TSC-156, 1972.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
"The Loran-C System of Navigation,"
U.S. Coast Guard Report, Jansky & Bailey, Inc., Washington, D.C.,
February 1962.
Bohn, P . F., and Nisson, C. J., "Hybrid Simulation for the Study of Loran-C Signal Processing Techniques,"
JHU/APL T G 1208, January 1973.
Fehlner, L. F. and McCarty, T . A., "How to Harvest the Full Potential of Loran-C," Journal of the Institute of Navigation, Vol. 21, No. 3, Fall 1974.
APPENDIX A
DEVELOPMENT OF LORAN ERROR MODEL
AND ASSOCIATED STATISTICS
We use as our basic time of arrival model,
TMJ
= T
+
(1
+ PA,) R J / V C +
A,
where the terms are defined as follows:
TM
=
the measured time of arrival,
+
(j
,
T =
the oscillator phase, i.e., local clock error with respect to a perfect clock,
P A = the propagation anomaly peculiar to the path,
R = the range to the transmitter,
VC
=
the mean ground wave phase velocity,
A = the time of the transmission from a transmitter measured from the same epoch as TM,
[ = the phase locked loop tracking error, and
J
=
the index number of the transmitter
The measurement of the transit time from transmitter J to the receiver is TMj
one infers range. So rewriting Equation A-1, we have
-
A,. It is from this number that
Now we can rearrange Equation A-2 to form the error equation:
VC ( T M j - A,)
-
(1
+
PA,) R, = VC
The term VC ( T M , - A,) - ( 1
+
(T
+
A-3
(,).
PA,) R j is the range error for transmitter J, so calling this AR, we have
Now ARj can be related to position errors. In Exhibit A-1, the component position errors are AX, AY, which
are errors in easting and northing associated with the errors in longitude and latitude. a , denotes the azimuth
from the receiver to the Jth transmitter. AR, is the projection of the vector aX, AY onto the line to transmitter J. Thus
North
Direction t o
transmitter, J
1(
/
/
/
,
-
Location
inferred
-HIfrom
measurement
\
I
Receiver
location
AX
East
Exhibit A-1. Orientation of position error at the receiver.
ARj
= -
(AXsin a,
+
AY cos a,).
A-5
Now substituting Equation A-5 into Equation A-4, we obtain the basic error equation for transmitter J:
- (AXsin a ,
+
AY cos a , ) / V C
= T
+ E,.
A-6
For three transmitters, we have the following system of linear equations:
- (AXsin a ,
- (AXsin a ,
- (AX sin a ,
+
+
+
AY cos a , ) / V C
= T
+ El,
A Y cos a 2 ) / V C =
T
+ 12,
AY cos ~ , ) / v c =
T
+ E,.
J
The fundamental difference between direct ranging and hyperbolic loran is how the system of Equations A-7
is approached for a solution. The quantities VC, a , , a,, a , are assumed known, and E l , E 2 , l 3 are measurement errors. If T is unknown, then Equations A-7 are a system of three equations in three unknowns; this is
the classic hyperbolic solution. Since the hyperbolic solution does not require epoch time, a hyperbolic receiver,
in effect, subtracts the third equation in Equations A-7 from the first and second and thus eliminates T. This
results in the following two by two system of error equations:
(1/ VC) [AX(sin a ,
-
sin a , )
(l/VC)[AX(sin a , - sin a,)
+ AY (cos a , - cos a 1)I
+ AY (cos a , - cos a,)]
=
El
-
4, ;
=
4,
-
4,.
The terms (, - E3 and 4, - E , are the errors in measuring the time difference hyperbolas defined by transmitter
1 minus transmitter 3 and by transmitter 2 minus transmitter 3 . It is important to keep in mind that Equations
A-7 contain no more information for the solution of AX and AY than Equations A-8 so long as T is viewed
as an unknown. If T is known, then Equations A-7 are an overdetermined system, i.e., three equations in two
unknowns.
It is now convenient t o introduce the following matrix form:
-
sin a , - cos a 2 -1
- sin a ,
-
cos a , -1
Let
AX/ VC
.
(
v
)
WILD GOOSE ASSOCIATION RADlONAVlGATlON JOURNAL 1984
-sin a , - cos a ,
-sin a,
-
cos a,
-sin a,
-
cos a ,
where matrices are upper case, vectors lower case, and scalars Greek. In this notation Equations A-7 are written:
It is from this system that we shall derive the position error statistics.
The following assumptions are made: The components of n are independent and identically distributed with
mean zero and variance a t . T is independent of the components of n, has mean zero, and variance a:.
Since Equation A-10 is an overdetermined system (i.e., G is a 3 x 2 matrix), we can not simply invert G.
For the assumptions above, the optimal solution in a least squares sense is
p,
G T (TU + n),
(GTG)
=
A-1 1
where superscript T indicates matrix transpose and p, indicates the DRL position estimate (see Reference A-1,
p. 220). The covariance matrix of this estimate is
A-12
CD = E [ P D P ~
(GTG)
=
'
G T E[(Tu
+
n) (TU + n)'] [(GTG)
GTIT,
which reduces t o
C,
=
HUZ,
(G~G)
,
where
H
=
( c T c ) - I G~
U U G
~ (G~G)-~.
From Equation A-10 we can also derive the hyperbolic solution by taking
Gp -
TU =
n,
T
over to the left-hand side:
A-15
which can be written as
where the vertical and horizontal bars indicate partitions of the matrices and vectors. In detail, Equation A-16 is
which is just Equation A-9.
The solution of Equation A-16 is by direct matrix inversion:
(q)
=
(G I -u)
A-18
n ;
I
(i.e., we ignore the last component
for p we take the first two components of
7).The
covariance matrix
C, is the upper left-hand corner of the matrix:
-
-
Carrying out the inversion indicated above (see Reference A-2, p. 25), we have
where
which is a scalar, and H is as given in Equation A-14.
Equations A-13 and A-14 constitute a statistical description of direct ranging loran, and Equations A-20, A-21,
and A-14 describe hyperbolic loran.
There are two useful generalizations to the situation described above: the optimal weighting of the measurement by relative signal strength and the use of more than three stations. The optimal weighting can be accomplished by a simple modification of the G I u matrix:
cos a ]
--
Sl
cos
--
012
s2
cos
--
Olj
s
3
where S is the normalized signal strength.
The use of more than three stations requires that both the HL and DRL systems be solved by least squares.
REFERENCES
A-1.
Rao, C. R., "Linear Statistical Inference and its Applications," Probability and Mathematical Statistics
Series, Wiley, New York, 1973.
A-2.
Nobel, B., Applied Linear Algebra, Prentice Hall, Inc., NJ, 1969.
USEFUL LORAN INFORMATION
OPERATING YOUR LORAN-C RECEIVER I N FRINGE COVERAGE AREAS
Y o u r receiver may p r o v i d e reliable navigat i o n information in f r i n g e coverage areas
if it i s allowed t o a c q u i r e a n d t r a c k t h e
signals i n a good coverage area p r i o r t o
proceeding i n t o t h e f r i n g e coverage area.
I n f r i n g e coverage areas, many receivers
have d i f f i c u l t y i d e n t i f y i n g a n d locking o n
t o t h e c o r r e c t c y c l e o f t h e Loran-C signal.
Loran-C receivers in t h i s condition may
display time differences which a r e multiples
o f 10 microseconds t o h i g h o r too low.
T h i s occurs because t h e cycle selection of
many automatic acquisition receivers cannot
r e l i a b l y select t h e p r o p e r cycle o f t h e
Loran-C pulse when t h e signal-to-noise
r a t i o (SNR) d r o p s below 1 : 3 . However,
once t h e receiver i s locked o n t o t h e
p r o p e r cycle, t h e cycle t r a c k i n g c i r c u i t s
can t y p i c a l l y maintain t r a c k i n g o f t h e p r o p e r c y c l e down t o a SNR somewhere between
1 : 8 a n d 1 : 16. Unfortunately, if t h e signal
is momentarily i n t e r r u p t e d b y static from
adverse weather o r o t h e r interference, t h e
cycle selection c i r c u i t s will again b e g i n
searching a n d possibly lock on t o t h e
w r o n g cycle. T o p r e v e n t this, y o u should
turn y o u r receiver o n i n a good coverage
area, l e t i t a c q u i r e t h e signals, t h e n place
it in t h e "trackI1 mode before y o u navigate
i n t o a f r i n g e area. T h e " t r a c k " mode o n
many receivers w i l l disable t h e c y c l e selection c i r c u i t s . Please check y o u r owner's manual since some manufacturers u s e
o t h e r methods t o disable t h e receiver's
c y c l e selection c i r c u i t s .
When o p e r a t i n g in t h e extremes o f t h e
Loran-C coverage area, y o u can assist
y o u r receiver's t r a c k i n g c i r c u i t s p r o v i d e d
y o u r receiver has t h e necessary controls.
T o d o this, move t h e p o i n t a t which y o u r
receiver i s t r a c k i n g t h e master a n d seco n d a r y signals h i g h e r o n t h e p u l s e u s i n g
t h e cycle-step switch. T h e time d i f f e r ences should not change since t h e t r a c k i n g p o i n t has been moved equal amounts
o n t h e master a n d secondary signals. Some
receivers i n t h i s condition will indicate a
cycle e r r o r , b u t y o u can s t i l l use t h e readi n g . Use extreme caution when o p e r a t i n g
a t h i g h e r points o f t h e pulse, f o r t h e receiver, while operating w i t h a s t r o n g e r signal, i s also more susceptible t o i n t e r f e r ence f r o m s k y waves which may p r o d u c e
erroneous readings.
LORAN-C S I G N A L S T A B I L I T Y STUDY : NEUSISEUS
Since 1977, t h e U .S. Coast G u a r d has been
conducting studies o f t h e s u i t a b i l i t y o f
Loran-C as a precision a i d t o navigation
i n t h e h a r b o r - h a r b o r approach ( H H A ) areas
o f t h e continental U .S.
. T h e f i n a l phase o f t h i s e f f o r t involves a n
assessment o f t h e s t a b i l i t y o f t h e signals
o f t h e e x i s t i n g Loran-C system along w i t h
an examination o f s t a b i l i t y improvement
methods. Final e f f o r t s began i n e a r l y 1981
w i t h t h e deployment of l o r a n data collection
sets i n select h a r b o r areas. In t h e f i r s t
r e p o r t w h i c h was r e c e n t l y released, t h e
h a r b o r monitor data collected a t 14 sites
located along t h e northeast U .S. a n d
southeast U.S. (NEUSISEUS) coast is p r e sented.
Extensive analysis was conducted
t o o b t a i n a model o f t h e l o r a n signal variations a n d e x t e n d t h e r e s u l t s t o allow t h e
determination o f system performance t h r o u g h o u t t h e region. T h e r e p o r t shows t h a t
"HHA level" performance requirements can
b e met, a t most w i t h a moderate set o f system improvements, in almost a l l major h a r b o r
areas. T h e effects o f adverse system geometry, unfortunate1y, exclude t h e achievement o f adequate performance in t h e major
p o r t s o f t h e east coast o f Texas. A n analysis in t h e s t u d y shows how t h e addition o f
another chain, r e q u i r i n g t h e installation o f
one more t r a n s m i t t i n g station would solve
t h e problems along t h e Texas coast. T h e
r e p o r t also shows t h a t t h e repeatable accur a c y o f e x i s t i n g Loran-C is b e t t e r t h a n 40
meters, 2 drms, in 50% of t h e NEUSISEUS
coverage area a n d b e t t e r t h a n 80 meters i n
o v e r 90% o f t h e same coverage area.
F i g u r e 1 shows t h e 2 drms accuracy contours
WILD GOOSE ASSOCIAT ON R A D I O N A V I G A T I O N JOURNAL 1984
of t h e Northeast a n d Southeast U.S.
Loran-C Chains d e r i v e d from t h e s t u d y ' s
double r a n g e d i f f e r e n c e model. It i s imp o r t a n t not t o confuse t h e accuracy f i g u r e s shown i n t h i s diagram w i t h repeata b i l i t y accuracy. T h i s diagram i s a dep i c t i o n o f t h e s t a b i l i t y o f t h e Loran-C
T o relate what i s presignal o v e r time.
sented t o t h e strict-sense definition o f
repeatability, m u l t i p l y t h e results b y t h e
square r o o t of 2 t o obtain repeatable
accuracy figures.
T h e s t u d y containing t h e above material,
t i t l e d "Loran-C Signal Stability S t u d y :
NEUS/SEUS," can b e purchased from t h e
National Technical Information Service,
Springfield, V i r g i n i a 2 2 1 61. A s k f o r
document number ADA 137628.
NORTH A T L A N T I C LORAN-C COVERAGE DIAGRAMS
Figures 2 t h r o u g h 5 a r e new Loran-C
coverage diagrams f o r t h e chains in t h e
N o r t h A t l a n t i c area.
T h e l e t t e r combinations which appear o n
t h e coverage diagrams indicate t h e
recommended secondaries t o use in obt a i n i n g t h e best fix, p r o v i d e d t h e recommended p a i r i s n o t b l i n k i n g o r o f f t h e
air.
CHANGE I N LORAN-C B L I N K PROCEDURES
Secondary stations will no longer e x h i b i t
blink ( t h e o n / o f f p a t t e r n o f t h e secondary
station's f i r s t a n d second pulse) d u r i n g
scheduled master o f f - a i r periods. In addition, mas.ter stations will n o longer display n i n t h pulse b l i n k (the o n l o f f pattern
o f master's n i n t h pulse) t o n o t i f y u s e r s
of system abnormalities.
Users will cont i n u e t o b e n o t i f i e d b y way o f secondary
b l i n k o f o t h e r system abnormalities.
T h i s change was made t o accommodate t h e
needs of Rho-Rho, timing, a n d o t h e r special
p u r p o s e Loran-C users.
RESULTS OF D I F F E R E N T I A L OMEGA E V A L U A T I O N S
T h e r e s u l t s o f a n evaluation o f d i f f e r e n t i a l
Omega readings t a k e n simultaneously w i t h
r a d a r a n d sextant f i x e s b y two Coast G u a r d
vessels in t h e Eastern Caribbean a r e contained in a d r a f t r e p o r t t i t l e d "The Evalu a t i o n o f D i f f e r e n t i a l Omega Sea T r i a l s in
t h e Eastern Caribbean1' b y I a n McWilliams,
F r a n k l i n MacKenzie a n d Maurice Moroney
o f t h e Department o f Transportation's
T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Systems Center. T h e
s t u d y concludes t h a t "from all t h e data
collected, it appeared t h a t t h e D i f f e r e n t i a l
OMEGA system p r o v i d e d a n accuracy of
0 . 7 nm 2 d r m s w i t h i n 1 0 0 nm o f t h e stat i o n a n d 1 . 2 nm 2 d r m s w i t h i n 2 0 0 nm of
t h e station."
T h e s t u d y continues, "The
data d i d n o t show a v a r i a t i o n o f system
accuracy [ d u e t o ] varibales such as month
o f year, time o f day, o r b e a r i n g angle."
D i f f e r e n t results were f o u n d in a s t u d y
t i t l e d "A Seaborne Navigation T r i a l U t i l i s i n g a D i f f e r e n t i a l Omega System" b y
J.H. Silby o f t h e Electronics Research
Laboratory o f t h e A u s t r a l i a n Department
o f Defense. S i l b y w r i t e s :
A sea t r i a l was conducted in t h e f i r s t
half of 1983 t o test t h e accuracy o f
Differential Omega a t sea.. .Base stations were established a t A l b a n y a n d
Esperance i n Western Australia. Pos i t i o n measuring equipment u t i l i s i n g
t h e D i f f e r e n t i a l Omega system was set
up o n b o a r d HMAS Moresby, a n d positions obtained by t h e D i f f e r e n t i a l
Omega system were compared w i t h
those obtained by t h e A r g o system.
S i l b y f o u n d t h a t accurate navigation i s
possible u s i n g d i f f e r e n t i a l Omega d u r i n g
t h e daytime; however, h e r e p o r t s a
marked decrease in accuracy a t n i g h t
caused b y ionospheric de-correlation.
Silby states t h a t t h i s n i g h t time de-correlation affected accuracy even o v e r q u i t e
small distances.
D i s c o u n t i n g t h e night time data, S i l b y
f o u n d an rms e r r o r o f 1 5 0 meters when
t h e r a n g e t o t h e d i f f e r e n t i a l station was
between 1 0 0 a n d 1 5 0 kilometers, while a t
For years, I1 Morrow has been a
leader in the marine loran industry.
We played a vital role in the introduction of loran C into the aviation
industry, and today we are proud to
be the largest aviation loran C
manufacturer in the world.
I1 Morrow is setting new, unprecedented standards of excellence in
the loran industry. Our Apollo and
Avenger Loran C units are unequaled
for size, ease-of-operation, price,
features, and warranty. I1 Morrow,
the leaders of the industry in Loran C!
-
-MMORROW
-INC.
m
A PUBLICLY HELD CORPORATION
P 0. Box 13549, Salem, OR USA 97309
(503)581-8101
TWX: 510-599-0110
70
Figure 1.
DRD Model Derived 2-drms Accuracy Contour, NEUS and SEUS Composite Contour
WILD GOOSE ASSOCIATION RADlONAVlGATlON JOURNAL 1984
a r a n g e o f 500 t o 600 kilometers h e found
t h e rms e r r o r t o b e 417 meters.
Please note t h a t t h e two r e p o r t s l i s t accuracies d i f f e r e n t l y ; t h e American r e p o r t
uses 2 d r m s (95 t o 98% p r o b a b i l i t y ) while
t h e A u s t r a l i a n r e p o r t uses rms (63 t o 68%
p r o b a b i l i t y ) . I n s u f f i c i e n t data was available in e i t h e r r e p o r t t o allow a conversion
t o a common measurement o f radial e r r o r .
T h e T r a n s p o r t a t i o n Systems C e n t e r ' s rep o r t will b e made available t h r o u g h t h e
National Technical Information Service in
t h e near f u t u r e . Please w r i t e t h e Director,
Electronics Research Laboratory, B o x 21 51,
GPO, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001 f o r
t h e A u s t r a l i a n Electronics Research Laboratory report.
LORAN-C PLOTTING CHARTS
FOR THE LABRADOR SEA AND ICELANDIC CHAINS
Several Loran-C P l o t t i n g C h a r t s (Scale
1 :2,188,800) h a v e been updated w i t h
Loran-C lines o f position f o r t h e L a b r a d o r
Sea Chain (GRI 7930), t h e Icelandic C h a i n
( G R I 9980), a n d t h e Fox Harbour, Newfoundland secondary station ( z u l u ) o f t h e
Canadian East Coast Chain (GRI 5930).
T h e new editions were p r e p a r e d by t h e
DMA Stock Number
LORCX 7804
LORCX 7805
LORCX 781 2
LORCX 781 3
LORCX7822
LORCX 7823
LORCX7824
Rates
Pairs
U .S. Defense Mapping Agency H y d r o g r a p h i c /
Topographic Center a n d a r e l i s t e d below.
These c h a r t s can b e purchased from a c h a r t
d i s t r i b u t o r in y o u r area o r from t h e Defense
Mapping Agency, O f f i c e o f D i s t r i b u t i o n
Services, A T T N : DDCP, Washington, DC
2031 5.
Area Covered
WILD GOOSE ASSOCIATION RADIONAVIGATION JOURNAL 1 9 8 4
Northstar. Voted the Best in Loran-C navigation for seven years in a row by members of the Nationai
Marine Electronics Association. The famous Northstar 6000, the 'workhorse' winner (1977 thru 1980 and still
in production). The Northstar 7000, first full feature navigating
'system' winner (1981 thru 1983). Now a new generation joins
the Northstar team. The new 800. The first truly affordable
Loran-C navigator with the Northstar heritage of performance
and reliability. Choose the one that fits you. And follow the
Northstar, it's never been easier or more affordable.
ELECTRONICS C O R P O R A T I O N
DIGITAL
MARINE
7h BIG PLOT
EPSCO
A N
31"
INTRODUCES
INTEGRATED PLOTTER
X
WITH A
36" PLOTTING SURFACE
p l o t t e r and maneuvering table. T h e
p l o t t e r . shows t h e vessel's r e l a t i v e
p o s i t i o n based o n TD i n p u t s from a
Loran-C r e c e i v e r o r from a d e v i c e p r o viding position d a t a in a L / L format
s u c h as a satellite-based p o s i t i o n i n g
system. A permanent r e c o r d o f t h e
vessel's t r a c k i s d r a w n o n p a p e r o n
t h e p l o t t i n g surface, w h i l e t h e vessel's
p r e s e n t position i s i n d i c a t e d by a n image
projected o n t h e glass t o p w h i c h forms
t h e maneuvering table.
T h e p l o t t e r i s microprocessor-controlled,
a n d operator-selected variables a r e en-
t e r e d from a c o n t r o l panel iteyboard.
A V A l L A B L E OPTIONS
T h e i n t e g r a t e d p l o t t e r may b e i n t e r f a c e d
w i t h m u l t i p l e sources o f n a v i g a t i o n a n d
t a r g e t information, i n c l u d i n g Radar, Sonar,
G y r o CompassISpeed log, and IEEE 488
bus. O t h e r options i n c l u d e accommodation
of additional i n p u t s and t h e use o f l a r g e r
p l o t t i n g surfaces.
EPSCO INC. i 311 PROVIDENCEHIGHWAY, WESTWOOD MA 02090 61 7-329-1
500
Epsco4010=70
LoranC Dynamic
i
I
'. ,: p ,
Phase-coded Loran-C signals.
Master and up to 5 secondaries at all
standard repetition rates.
Dual digital displays.
Velocity simulation.
Differential signal attenuation from
keyboard-programmable attenuator.
Gaussian-amplitude, wide-band noise
generator with selectable reference levels.
Output for radiating elements.
5
The EPSCO 4010-70 is a microprocessor-based
LORAN-C Dynamic Simulator which provides test
signals for all LORAN-C receivers.
Typical test applications include sensitivity,
dynamic range, differential signal response, tracking
accuracy, overload recovery, and search and lock-up
time evaluation.
Features of the 4010-70 Dynamic Simulator
include phase-coded LORAN-Csignals with a Master
and up to five Secondaries at all LORAN-Cstandard
repetition rates, differential signal attenuation from
a keyboard-programmableattenuator, a Gaussianamplitude, wide-band noise generator with selectable
reference levels, velocity simulation, an output for
radiating elements, and dual digital displays.
An input is available to accept a signal from
external equipment to simulate cross rate or CW
signal interference. A SYNC output is provided for
synchronization of external test equipment.
Epsco Marine, 41 1 Providence Highway, Westwood, MA 02090 (617)329-1500
LORAN-C CHAIN-TRANSMITTING FACILITIES
I
NO.
1
CRI
RADIATED
POWER
(KW)
WGS-72 COORDINATES
S E L L l A MARINA
LAMPEDUSA
KARCABARUN
ESTARTIT
12755.98
32273.29
50999.74
1 1000
29000
47000
165
32 5
165
165
38°52'20.58711N
35O31'20. 787"N
40°58'20. 9501'N
42°03'36.515"N
16°43'06.15911E
12°31'30. 245"E
27O52'01. 520"E
3O12'15. 512"E
30065.62
15048.10
48944.54
63216.31
26000
11000
46000
60000
325
32 5
165
1500
165
62°17'59.640"N
54O48'29.872"N
68°38'06.150"N
64°54'26.5801'N
70°54'52. 610"N
7O04'26. 538"W
8°17'36.312"E
14°27'47.0001'E
23°55'21.750"W
8°43'58.69011W
15068.03
32944.54
11000
30000
1500
760
325
64°54'26.580"N
59O59'17. 270"N
62O17'59.6401'N
23'55'21. 7501'W
45010127. 470"W
7°04'26.53811W
NORWEGIAN SEA C H A l N
7970-M
7970-W
7970-X
7970-Y
7970-2
3
ASSIGNED
CODING
DELAY
MEDITERRANEAN SEA C H A I N
7990-M
7990-X
7990-Y
7990-2
2
LOCATION
EMISSION
DELAY
EJDE
SY L T
BO
SANDUR
JAN MAYEN
ICELANDIC C H A I N
9980-M
9980-W
9980-X
SANDUR
ANCISSOQ
EJDE
LABRADOR SEA C H A I N
7930-M
7930-W
7930-X
FOX HARBOR
CAPE RACE
ANGISSOQ
13167.30
29565.38
C A N A D I A N EAST COAST C H A l N
5930-M
5930-X
5930-Y
5930-2
CARIBOU
NANTUCKET
CAPE RACE
FOX HARBOR
13131.88
28755.02
41 594.58
NORTHEAST U.S. C H A l N
9960-M
9960-W
9960-X
9960-Y
9960-2
SENECA
CARIBOU
NANTUCKET
CAROLINA BEACH
DANA
13797.20
26969.93
42221.64
57162.06
SOUTHEAST U.S. C H A l N
7980-M
7980-W
7980-X
7980-Y
7980-2
MALONE
CRANCEVILLE
RAYMONDVILLE
JUPITER
CAROLINA BEACH
12809.54
27443.38
45201.89
61542.73
GREAT LAKES C H A I N
8970-M
8970-W
8970-X
8970-Y
DANA
MALONE
SENECA
BAUDETTE
14355.11
31162.06
47753.74
WILD GOOSE ASSOC I A T l O N RADIONAVIGATION JOURNAL 1981
LORAN-C CHAIN-TRANSMITTING FACILITIES
I
NO.
GRI
LOCAT ION
WEST COAST U.S. C H A I N
9940-M
9940-W
9940-X
9940-Y
FALLON
GEORGE
MIDDLETOWN
SEARCHLIGHT
WEST COAST CANADA C H A l N
5990-M
5990-X
5990-Y
5990-2
WILLIAMS L A K E
SHOAL COVE
GEORGE
PORT HARDY
GULF OF A L A S K A C H A l N
7960-M
7960-X
7960-Y
TOK
NARROW CAPE
SHOAL COVE
CENTRAL PACIFIC CHAIN
4990-M
4990-X
4990-Y
JOHNSTON IS.
UPOLU P O I N T
KURE IS.
NORTH P A C I F I C C H A l N
9990-M
9990-X
9990-Y
9990-2
ST. P A U L
ATTU
PORT CLARENCE
NARROW CAPE
NORTHWEST PACIFIC C H A I N
9970-M
9970-W
9970-X
9970-Y
9970-2
IWO JlMA
MARCUS
HOKKAIDO
GESASH I
YAP
COMMANDO LION C H A l N
5970-M
5970-W
5970-X
5970-2
POHANG
HOKKAIDO
KWANG JU
GESASHl
SUEZ C A N A L C H A l N
4990-M
4990-X
4990-Y
BILBElS
SHALABl EL RUDl
RAS E L SUDR
EMISSION
DELAY
ASSIGNED
CODING
DELAY
RADIATED
POWER
(KW)
WGS-72 COORDINATES
WILD GOOSE ASSOCIATION R A D l O N A V l G A T ION JOURNAL 1984
T
IT and Loran-CPractically Synonymous
',. ..-
.. . .
International Telephone and Telegraph
'
.
TTT.."'
,
320 Park Ave.
New York, N.Y. 10022
.
.
TI'Snew NAVSTAR Navigator
scores straight A's.
The new TI 4100 NAVSTAR Navigator
from Texas Instruments scores high in three
important areas: it is Accurate to within
meters; it is Adaptable to land, sea, and air;
and it is Available for use-now.
Accurate
Using the NAVSTAR Global Positioning
System's (GPS) current and future
satellites, the TI 4100 tells you your position
within a few meters, your speed within
tenths of a knot, and the time within
millionths of a second. This phenomenal
accuracy saves you time. And time, of course,
is money.
Available
Best of all, the TI 4100 can work for
you now. Although the current GPS satellite
constellation limits coverage times, it can
be used now by the TI 4100. And of coulse,
as the constellation is expanded, the TI
4100 will utilize the satellites to give you
24-hour navigation coverage.
The TI 4100-Straight A's from Texas
Instruments. Accuracy. Adaptability.
Availability. Let TI show you how the 4100
can work for you.
For Further Information
TI 4100-designed for you-rugged, portable, easy
to operate, easy to maintain. With TI'Sfamous
technology, quality, and reliability.
Call or write GPS Navigation Systems,
P.O. Box 405, MS 3418, Lewisville,
Texas 75067. Telephone: (214) 462-4100.
Department of Defense and is controlled as such. Usen are
cautioned that the current system is developmental and that
availability of the signals, or the accuracy d b l y may
change without advance warning.
Adaptable
The TI 4100 gives you all this data
whether you are a stationary user or dynamic
user. Use the TI 4100 for marine navigation,
offshore oil exploration, ~Iatformpositioning,
oceanographic and geophysical surveys,
land surveys and mapping or aerial surveys.
Creating useful products
and services for you.
REVISED LORAN-C CORRECTION TABLES
Publication
Number
Chain
LCPUB2211100C
LCPUB2211200C
LCPUB221 1300C
LCPUB2211400C
LCPUB2212100C
LCPUB2212200C
LCPUB2212300C
Canadian East Coast
N o r t h e a s t U .S.
G r e a t Lakes
Southeast U .S.
U .S. West Coast
Canadian West Coast
G u l f of Alaska
a n d costs $6.00 p e r copy. Loran-C Corr e c t i o n Tables may b e o r d e r e d t h r o u g h
y o u r local Defense Mapping A g e n c y dist r i b u t o r o r t h r o u g h t h e Washington, D.C.
o f f i c e a t t h e following a d d r e s s :
Rate
5930
9960
8970
7980
9940
5990
7960
Defense Mapping A g e n c y
Office o f D i s t r i b u t i o n Services
A T T N : DDCP
Washington, D.C. 20315
Each p u b l i c a t i o n c o v e r s a n e n t i r e c h a i n
LORAN-C RATE TABLES
FOR THE ICELANDIC LORAN-C CHAIN
.
Loran-C r a t e tables f o r t h e Icelandic
Loran-C C h a i n a r e scheduled t o become
available i n A u g u s t 1984. T h e DMA stock
number f o r t h e master-whiskey p u b l i c a t i o n
will b e LCPUB2211031. T h e DMA s t o c k
number f o r t h e master-xray p u b l i c a t i o n
w i l l b e LCPUB2211032.
COAST GUARD REMOTE OPERATING SYSTEM (ROS)
C u r r e n t l y , ROS installation i s planned
f o r t h e Loran-C stations l i s t e d below.
Completion o f these ROS installations will
p e r m i t t h e U.S. Coast G u a r d t o recognize
savings by minimizing t h e personnel
complement a t t h e t r a n s m i t t i n g stations
while i n s u r i n g t h a t t h e Loran-C system
will c o n t i n u e t o b e available 99.7% o f t h e
time as a d v e r t i s e d .
ESTIMATED
REMOTE (CONTROL) S T A T ION
OPERATIONAL D A T E
TRANSMiTTING STATION
MAY
SEARCHLIGHT, N V
MIDDLETOWN, C A
AUGUST
FALLON, N V
MIDDLETOWN,
NOVEMBER
GEORGE, WA
MIDDLETOWN, C A
MARCH
GRANGEVILLE, L A
MALONE, F L
JUNE
NANTUCKET, MA
SENECA, N Y
AUGUST
TOK, A K
SPRUCE CAPE, A K
,OCTOBER
JUPITER, F L
MALONE, F L
FEBRUARY
BAUDETTE, MN
SENECA, N Y
OCTOBER
CAROLINA BEACH, N C
MALONE, F L
DECEMBER
DANA, I N
SENECA, N Y
CA
FEBRUARY
CARIBOU, ME
SENECA, N Y
AUGUST
ST. PAUL, A K
KODIAK, A K
NOVEMBER
UPOLU POINT, H I
KENEOHE, H I
MARCH
JOHNSTON ISLAND, H I
KANEOHE, H I
AUGUST
GUAM I S L A N D
YOKOTA, JAPAN
JANUARY
ATTU, AK
KODIAK, A K
MAY
PORT CLARENCE, A K
KODIAK, A K
LORAN-C INTERFERENCE LIST
EASTERN REGION
OBSERVED F I E L D STRENGTH ( d B I u V l m )
Transmitter
Location
'uthOrized
Cape
Elizabeth
(Source of
70 - 116 k H z
Newfoundlan~
N o v a Scotia
Quebec
N o v a Scotia
--
--
Newfoundlan,
Ontario
N o v a Scotia
N o v a Scotia
Annapolis
Ontario
Halifax
Ottawa
N o v a Scotia
Quebec
Halifax
--
116 - 150 k H z
--
36.0
Quebec
30 ( e s t )
Norfolk
Manitoba
New Y o r k
Newport,
RI
52.2
Ontario
39.7
Halifax
58.1
Annapolis
--
Newport,
RI
Norfolk
N o v a Scotia
--
Ontario
56.8
Sandy
Hook
.
EECEN
Wildwood
Mayport
Eglin
I
Orleans Plumbrook
New
LORAN-C 1NTERFERENCE LIST
WESTERN REGION
OBSERVED F I E L D S T R E N G T H ( d B l u V I m )
Transmitter
Location
Frequency
I
I n t e r f e r e Of
nce)
Authorized
Power
(kw)
Point
Pinos
North
Bend'
CA
0R
Comox
Juneau
BC
AK
Kodiak
AK
70 - 150 k H z
San F r a n c i s c o
123.0
Nanaimu, B C
128.25
San D i e g o
--
128.95
Honolulu
--
133.15
/
Vancouver
75.0
50
119.85
3
125
148.2
San F r a n c i s c o
50
148.2
San Diego
50
I
43.5
LORAN C H A R T A V A I L A B I L I T I E S
O n t h e following pages we have attempted
t o p r e s e n t data o n available charts, includi n g areas covered a n d sources o f information. T h e l i s t i n g s presented a r e e x c e r p t s
from t h e NOAA Nautical C h a r t Catalogs
l i s t e d below a n d from l i s t i n g s from t h e
Canadian H y d r o g r a p h i c Service. We
s t r o n g l y suggest that, if y o u have a cont i n u i n g need f o r charts, y o u obtain t h e
indicated c h a r t catalogs f o r t h e areas o f
interest. Each o f t h e catalogs p r o v i d e s
g r e a t e r detail o f information t h a n g i v e n
below.
D i s t r i b u t i o n B r a n c h ( N lCG33)
National Ocean Service
Riverdale, MD 20737
Phone: 301-436-6990
T h e following Nautical C h a r t Catalogs
( d a t e d October 1984) a r e available from
t h e same source a t n o charge:
Nautical
Chart
Catalog
Area o f Coverage
1
A t l a n t i c a n d G u l f Coasts,
i n c l u d i n g P u e r t o Rico a n d
t h e V i r g i n Islands
2
Pacific Coast, i n c l u d i n g Hawaii
Guam, a n d t h e Samoa Islands
3
Alaska, i n c l u d i n g t h e A l e u t i a n
Islands
4
Great Lakes a n d Adjacent
Waterways
ORDERING INFORMATION
N A T I O N A L OCEAN SERVICE
National Oceanic a n d Atmospheric
A d m i n i s t r a t i o n (NOAA)
U .S.
Department o f Commerce
T h e NOAA c h a r t s may b e o r d e r e d from
y o u r nearest sales agent o r from:
Also, a q u a r t e r l y s u b s c r i p t i o n t o "Dates o f
Latest Editions, Nautical C h a r t s " i s available. T h i s l i s t indicates t h e lines-of-posi t i o n available o n each c h a r t edition.
WILD GOOSE ASSOCIATION R A D l O N A V l C A T l O N JOURNAL 1984
ICELANDIC HYDROGRAPHIC SERVICE :
DEFENSE MAPPING AGENCY
HYDROGRAPHIC CENTER :
SJOMAELINCAR ISLANDS
POSTHOLF 7094
SELJAVEGI 32
REYKJAVIK, ICELAND
Requests f o r DMAHC c h a r t s should b e directed t o :
Defense Mapping Agency
Topographic C e n t e r
6500 B r o o k s Lane
A T T N : DDCP
Washington, D.C. 20310
Telephone: 301-227-2495
NORWEC IAN HYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE :
NORGES SJOKARTVERK
K L U B B T 1, P.O. BOX 60
4001 STAVANGER, NORWAY
GERMAN HYDROGRAPHIC I N S T I T U T E :
A Catalog o f Nautical C h a r t s i s available a t
no c h a r g e (Publication No. 1-N-A).
This
catalog l i s t s regional catalogs available a t
nominal charge a n d l i s t s DMAHC a n d B r i t ish A d m i r a l t y C h a r t s sales agents.
Deutsches H y d r o g r a p h i s h e s I n s t i t u t e
(D.I.H.)
B e r n h a r d - Nocht S t r . 78
200 Hamburg 4,
Germany
CANADIAN HYDROGRAPHIC SERVICE:
Some t h r e e dozen c h a r t s a r e r e p o r t e d l y
available from D.I.H. f o r waters between
Iceland, Norway, a n d Great B r i t a i n , and,
possibly, c h a r t s f o r U.S. waters, as well.
We h a v e n o t determined t h e exact areas
a n d availability.
Hydrographic Chart Distribution Office
Department o f Fisheries a n d Oceans
1675 Russel Road, P.O. Box 8080
Ottawa, K1G 3H6, Ontario, Canada
Telephone: 61 3 998-4931, -4932, -4933
Telex : 053-4228
Cable: (MAR SI-OTT)
CHARTS OF THE GREAT LAKES
Chart Number
014500
Title
Scale
Chart Number
Great Lakes, Lake Champlain to
Lake of the Woods
1 :1,500,000
@ 14860
@ 14862
1:400,000
1:80,000
@ 14863
1:80,000
1:20,000
1:15,000
1:80,000
1:15,000
1:80,000
1:10,000
a 14864
LAKE ONTARIO
0 14800
014802
014803
014804
014805
014806
0 14810
1481 1
14813
14814
14815
14816
Title
Scale
LAKE HURON
Lake Ontario (includesMetric version)
Clayton to False Ducks Is.
Six Miles south of Stony Point
to Port Bay
North Pond
Linle Sodus Bay
Port Bay to Long Pond
Port Bay Harbor
Long Pond t o Thirtymile Point
Point Breeze Harbor
Thirtymile Point, N.Y., to Port
Dalhousie, Ont.
O k o n and Wilson Harbors
Olcott Harbor to Toronto (Metric)
Olcott and Wilson Harbors
Chaumont, Henderson and Black
River Boys
Sockets Harbor
Henderson Harbor
Chaumont Harbor
Oswego Harbor
Sodus Bay
Rochester Horbor, including Genesee
River to head of navigation
Niogara Falls to Lake Ontario
14865
14867
14869
1:80,000
1:10,000
1 :100,000
1:10,000
1:30,000
1:5,000
1:10,000
1:12,000
1:10,000
1:10.000
1:10,000
1:3O,ooO
55
Lake Huron
Port Huron to Pte aux Barquk
Port Sanilac
Harbor Beach
Saginaw Bay
Port Austin
Caseville
Entrance to Au Sable River
Sebewaing
Tawas Harbor
Harrisville to Forty Mile Point
Harrisville Harbor
Alpena
Rogers City and Calcite
South End of Lake Huron
Saginaw River
Thunder Bay Island to Presque lsle
Stoneport Harbor
Presque lsle Harbor
a
Includes LORAN-C Lines of Position
SC Indicates Small-Croft Chart
All Great Lakes Cham are on Polyconic Projection except as follows
Mercator Projection - 14901, 14961, 14996, 14997, 14998
and all Metric Charts.
Lambert Conformal Proiection - 14982 thru 14995.
Chart Number
014500
Title
Great Lakes, Lake Champlain to
Lake of the Woods
Scale
1:1,500,000
STRAITS OF MACKINAC
014880
014881
14882
14883
14884
14885
14886
Straits of Mackinac
Detour Passage to Waugoshance Pt.
Hammond Bay Harbor
Mackinac Island
Cheboygan
Mackinaw City
St. lgnace
St. Marys River - Detour Passage to
Munuscong Lake
Detour Passage
St. Marys River - Munuscong Lake
to Sault Ste. Marie
St. Marys River - Head of Lake
Nicolet to Whitefish Bay
Soult Ste. Marie
Les Cheneaux Islands
SMALL-CRAFT BOOK CHART Inland Route, Cheboygan to Conway
(book of 12 charts)
1 :120,000
1 :80,000
1:10,000
1:1o,ooo
1:15,000
1:15,000
1:15,000
1 :40,000
1 :20,000
1 :40,000
1 :40,000
1 :20,000
1 :20,000
Various
LAKE MICHIGAN
014900
014901
014902
014903
14904
014905
014906
014907
014908
Lake Michigan
Lake Michigan (Mercator Projection)
North end of Lake Michigan, including
Green Bay
Algoma to Sheboygan
Kewaunee
Two Rivers
Port Washington to Waukegan
Port Washington
Kenosha
Waukegan
Oak Creek Harbor
Waukegan to South Haven
Michigan City
Burns Waterway Harbor
New Buffalo
South Haven to Stony Lake
South Haven
Port Sheldon
Saugatuck Harbor
'Stony Lake to Point Betsie
Pentwater
Arcadia
Frankfort
Dutch Johns Point to Fishery
Point, including
Big Bay de Noc and Little Bay de Noc
Manistique
0 Includes LORAN-C Lines of Position
1 :500,000
1 :500,000
1 :240,000
1:120,000
1:10,000
1:10,000
1 :1 20,000
1 : 10,000
1 :10,000
1 :10,000
1 3,000
1:120,000
1:15,000
1:15,000
1:1 5,000
1 :120,000
1 :10,000
1 :10.000
1 :1 5,000
1 :120,000
1:10,000
1 : 10,000
1:10,000
1 :80,000
1 :15.000
Chart Number
Title
014909
LAKE MICHIGAN - Continued
Upper Green Bay - Jackson Harbor
Scale
and Detroit Horbor
Detroit Harbor
Jackson Horbor
Boileys Harbor
Lower Green Bay
Ocanta
Algoma
Waugoshance Point to Seul Choix Poir
including Beaver Island Group
Port Inland
Beaver Harbor
Platte Bay to Leland
Leland
South Manitou Harbor
Grand Traverse Bay to Little
Traverse Bay
Harbor Springs
Petoskey
Elk Rapids
Suttons Bay
Northport
Traverse City
Little Bay de Noc
SMALL-CRAFT BOOK CHART Lake Winnebago ond Lower Fox
River (book of 34 charts)
Menominee and Morinette Harbors
Head of Green Bay, including Fox
River below De Pere
Green Bay
Sturgeon Bay and Canal
Sturgeon Bay
Manitowac and Sheboygan Harbors
Milwaukee Harbor
Racine Harbor
SMALL-CRAFT BOOK CHART Chicago and South Shore of Lake
Michigan (book of 30 charts)
Chicago Lake Front-Wilmette to Gory
Gary Harbor
Chicago Harbor
Calumet, Indiana and Buffingtan
Harbors, and Lake Calumet
St. Joseph and Bentan Harbar
Holland Harbor
Grand Haven, including Spring Lake
and Lower Grand River
Muskegon and Muskegon Lake
White Lake
Ludington and Pere Marquette Lake
Manistee and Manistee Lake
Portage Lake
Lake Charlevoix
Charlevaix, South Paint to Round
Lake
Various
1 :15.000
Various
1:60,000
1:15,000
1:1 5,000
WILD GOOSE ASSOC I A T l O N R A D l O N A V l G A T ION JOURNAL 1984
Chart Number
Title
Scole
1:600,000
1:600,000
1:120,000
13,000
1:5,000
1:15,000
1:120,000
1:5,000
Big Bay Point to Redridge, including
Keweenow Peninsula and Keweenaw
Waterway
Grand Traverse Bay Harbor
Lac Lo Belle Harbor
Copper and Eagle Horbors
Redridge to Saxon Harbor
Ontonagon Harbor
Block River Horbor
Saxon Harbor
Little Girls Point to Silver Bay,
including Duluth and Apostle Islands
Cornucopia Horbor
Port Wing Horbor
Knife River Horbor
Two Harbors
Beaver Boy to Pigeon Point
Silver Bay Harbor
Taconite Harbor
Grand Morais Harbor
Grand Portage Bay to Shesheeb
Point, Ont., including lsle Royale
Munising Horbor, Including Grand Island
Munising Harbor
Morquette and Presque lsle Horbors
Keweenaw Bay
L'Anse ond Baroga Harbors
Keweenow Waterway, including
Torch Loke
Hancock and Houghton
Apostle Islands, including
Chequomegan Bay
Bayfield Harbor
Pikes Bay Harbor
La Pointe Harbor
Ashlond and Woshburn Harbors
Duluth-Superior Horbor
Upper St. Louis River
lsle Royale
Title
Scole
LAKE ERIE
LAKE SUPERIOR
Loke Superior
Lake Superior (Mercotor Projection)
St. Marys River to Au Sable Point
Whitefish Point
Little Loke Horbors
Grand Morais Harbor
Grand Marois to Big Boy Point
Big Bay Harbor
Chart Number
1: 120,000
1:5,000
1:20,000
1:15,000
1:120,000
1:10,000
1:5,000
1:2,500
1: 120,000
1:5,000
1:5,000
1:5,000
1:10,000
1:120,000
1:10,000
1:10,000
1:10,000
1:120,000
1:30,000
1:15,000
1:15,000
1:30,000
1:1o,ooo
1:30,000
1:10,000
1:60,000
1:10,000
1:10,000
1:10,000
1:15,000
1:15,000
1:30,000
1:40,000
Lake Erie (includes Metric version)
Approocher to Niagoro River and
Welland Conol
Sturgeon Point to Twentymile Creek
Dunkirk Harbor
Barcelona Horbor
Buffalo to Erie (Metric)
Dunkirk Harbor
Barcelona Horbor
Sixteenmile Creekb Conneaut
Conneaut Harbor
Ashtobulo to Chagrin River
Mentor Horbor
Chorgrin River
Moss Point to Vermilion
Beaver Creek
Vermilion Horbor
Rocky River
Erie to Geneva (Metric)
Geneva to Loroin (Metric)
Beover Creek
Rocky River
Mentor Horbor
Chagrin River
West End of Loke Erie
Port Clinton Horbor
Monroe Harbor
Loroin to Detroit River (Metric)
Vermilion
Niogara Falls to Buffolo
Buffalo Harbor
Erie Horbor
Ashtobulo Harbor
Foirport Horbor
Cleveland Horbor, including lower
Cuyohogo River
Larain Horbor
SMALL-CRAFT BOOK CHART Port Clinton to Sandusky, including the
lslonds (book of 35 chorts)
Huron Horbor
lslonds in Lake Erie, including
Sandusky Boy
Put-in-Bay
Sondusky Horbor
SMALL-CRAFT BOOK CHART Pte. Mouillee to Toledo to Port Clinton
(book of 34 chorts)
Toledo Horbor
Entronce Channel to Horbor
Detroit River
Detroit River (Pocket Fold)
Lake St. Cloir
Loke St. Cloir (Pocket Fold)
St. Cloir River
Head of St. Cloir River
SMALL-CRAFT BOOK CHART Detroit River, Lake St. Cloir and St.
Clair River (book of 47 charts)
Trenton Channel and River Rouge
River Rouge
1:400,000
1:80,000
. 1:80,000
1:15,000
1:5,000
!:120,000
1:15,000
1:5,000
1:80,000
1:10,000
1:80,000
1: 10,000
1:10,000
1:80,000
1:5,000
1:10,000
1:10,000
1:100,000
1:100,000
1:7,500
1:10,000
1:10,000
1:10,000
1:100,000
1:15,000
1:20,000
1:100,000
1:10,000
1 :30,000
1:15,000
1:15,000
1:5,000
1:8,000
1:10,000
1:10,000
Vorious
1:5,000
1:40,000
1:10,000
1:10,000
Various
1:20,000
1:40,000
1:30,000
1:30,000
:60,000
:60,000
:40,000
:15,000
Vorious
: 15,000
10,000
SAILING AND GENERAL CHARTS - ATLANTIC AND GULF COASTS
0
411
011006
0 11009
0 11013
011300
0 11330
0 11340
011360
011400
0 11420
0 11434
0 11450
@011460
@ 011480
@ 0 11520
00 12200
0 12220
0 12260
@ 0 12300
0 13003
0 13006
0 13009
@ 0 13200
0 13204
@ 0 13260
@ 25640
'26194
0
@
*
Scale
Title
Chart Number
Gulf of Mexico
Gulf Coast-Key West to Mississippi R.
Cape Hatteros to Straits of Florida
Straits of Florida and approaches
Galveston to Rio Grande
Mermentau River to Freeport
Mississippi River to Galveston
Cape St. George to Mississippi Passes
Tampo Bay to Cape San Bias
Havana t o Tampa Boy
Fla Keys-Sombrero Key to Dry Tortugas
Fowey Rocks to American Shoal
Cape Canaveral to Key West
Charleston Light to Cape Canaveral
Cape Hatteras to Charleston
Cape May to Cape Hatteras
Chesapeake Bay-southern part
Chesapeake Bay-northern part
Approaches to New York, Nantucket
Shoals to Five Fathom Bank
Cape Sable to Cape Hatteras
West Quoddy Heod to New York
Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank
Georges Bank and Nantucket Shoals
Georges Bank
b y of Fundy to Cape Cod
Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands
Navassa lslond
Includes LORAN-C Lines of Position
Includes Omega Lines of Position
Harbor Chart
MEXICO
I""
ki
1:2,160,000 o
C
1:875,000 0:
1:1,200,000
1:1,200,000
1:460,732
1:250,W
1:458,596
1:456,394
1:456,394
1:470,940
1:l80,OOo
1:l8O,OOO
1:466,940
14 9 , 6 5 9
1:432,720
1:416,944
1:200,000
1:197.250
1:400,000
l:l,2Wow
1:675'000
1:500,000
1:400,000
1:220,ooo
1:378,838
1:326,856
/
IEW YOR
1
Phil
klphiao
h~~imorer
WASHINGTON c
,
'
I
!
'2260P
12220L
Nor
CHESAPEAKE BA
CANADA
PACIFIC COAST AND HAWAII
ib1'
s~.rO
1
-3o--
$
18007
Chart Number
50
0 18020
a 0 18022
I
18400
18440
Title
Scale
INTERNATIONAL CHART
North Pacific Ocean-eastern part
1:10,000,000
INTERNATIONAL CHART
North Pacific Ocean-West Coast of
North America
INTERNATIONAL CHART
North America, West Coast
Mexican Border to Dixon Entrance
San Diego t o Aleutian Islands and
Hawaiian Islands
Gulf of Alaska-Strait of Juan
de Fuca t o Kodiak Island
Hawaiian Islands
Cape Blanco to Cape Flattery
San Franciscoto Cape Flattery
Monterey. Bay. to coos b a y
San Diego t o Cape Mendocino
1:1,444,000
1:868,003
San Diego t o San Francisco Bay
1:200,000
Strait of Georgia and Strait of Juan de Fuca
Admiralty inlet and Puget Sound
1 :150,000
53 1
Chart Number
17002'
Title
Approaches to Strait of Juan de FucaDestruction I. to Amphitrite Pt.
Columbia River to Destruction lsland
Yaquina Head to Columbia River
Cape Blanco t o Yaquina Head
Trinidad Head to Cape 8lanco
Point Arena to Trinidad Head
San Francisco to Point Arena
Point Sur to San Francisco
Point Conception t o Point Sur
Point Dume t o Purisima Point
San Diego t o Santa Rosa lsland
Hawaii to French Frigate Shoals
'scale
'17002 For sale by the Defense Mapping Agency
Hydrographic/Topographic Center (DMAHTC), Washington
D.C., 20315 and its sales agents.
I
I
I
0 Includes LORAN-C Lines of Position
I
I
Guodolupe I.
I
LORAN-C CHARTS AVAILABLE FROM THE CANADIAN HYDROGRAPHIC SERVICE
(As of October 15,
1984.)
At1 a n t i c Coast
P o i n t e au B o i s v e r t i / t o Cap d e l a TOte au Chien
P o i n t e d e s Monts a u x / t o Escoumins
Gulf of Maine t o / i S t r a i t of B e l l e I s l e
Golfe du S a i n t - L a u r e n t / G u l f o f S t . Lawrence
Cape Breton t o / i Cape Cod
Newfoundland/Terre-Neuve t o / i Bermuda
Bay of Fundy ( I n n e r P ~ r t i o n )
Approaches to/Approches 3 Bay of Fundy
Yarmouth t o / ; Hal i f a x
H a l i f a x t o / 5 Sydney
Sydney t o S a i n t - P i e r r e
Sai n t - P i e r r e t o S t . John ' s
Cape Race t o Cape F r e e l s
P o i n t e Amour i / t o Cape W h i t t l e e t / a n d Cape S t .
George
Cabot S t r a i t and Approaches
Northumberland S t r a i t
Baie d e s C h a l e u r s a u x / t o I l e s d e l a Madeleine
Cape W h i t t l e i / t o H a v r e - S a i n t - P i e r r e e t / a n d I l e
dlAnticosti
Havre-Saint P i e r r e e t / a n d Cap d e s R o s i e r s i / t o
P o i n t e d e s Monts
Liscomb I s l a n d t o Egg I s l a n d
Egg I s l a n d t o West Ironbound I s l a n d
Cape Canso t o Liscomb I s l a n d
S t r a i t of Canso and Approaches
Cape Smoky t o S t . Paul I s l a n d
F l i n t I s l a n d t o Cape Smoky
Red P o i n t t o Guyon I s l a n d
Guyon I s l a n d t o F l i n t I s l a n d
Osborne Head t o B e t t y I s l a n d
E a s t P o i n t t o Cape Bear
Cape George t o P i c t o u
P i c t o u I s l a n d t o Tryon S h o a l s
Tryon S h o a l s t o Cape Egmont
I l e s d e l a Madeleine
S t . G e o r g e ' s Bay
Chcticamp t o Cape Mabou
Chcticamp t o Cape S t . Lawrence
Cap d e s R o s i e r s ; / t o Chandler
Orange Bay t o Cape B o n a v i s t a
Cape S t . Mary's t o A r g e n t i a Harbour and
Jude I s l a n d
Long I s l a n d t o S t . Lawrence Harbours
Burin P e n i n s u l a t o S a i n t - P i e r r e
Sai n t - P i e r r e and Miquelon ( F r a n c e )
Belle I s l e t o Resolution Island
Nain t o Domino P o i n t
S t r a i t of Be1 l e I s l e t o Domino Run
Nain t o Saglek Bay
Entrance t o Saglek Bay t o Button I s l a n d s
Labrador Sea, S t r a i t of B e l l e I s l e to/; Davis
Strait
Hudson S t r a i t / D @ t r o i t dlHudson t o / $ Grgnland
Georges Bank
S c o t i a n S h e l f , Browns Bank t o / i
Emerald Bank
H a l i f a x t o / i S a b l e I s l a n d i n c l u d i n g / y compris
Emerald Bank a n d / e t S a b l e I s l a n d Bank
Banquereau and Mi s a i ne Bank
S t . P i e r r e Bank t o Whale Bank
Grand Bank, Southern P o r t i o n / P a r t i e Sud
Grand Bank. Northern P o r t i o n
F l e m i s h Pass
Flemish Cap
Grand Banc/Grand Bank, P a r t i e N o r d - e s t l
Northeast P o r t i o n
Funk I s l a n d and Approaches/et l e s Approches
Funk I s 1and and Approaches/et 1es Approches
B u t t o n I s l a n d s t o Cod I s l a n d
Cod I s l a n d t o Cape H a r r i s o n
Cape H a r r i s o n t o S t . Michael Bay
St. Michael Bay t o Gray I s l a n d s
St. Michael Bay t o Gray I s l a n d s
Great Lakes
Lake O n t a r i o/Lac O n t a r i o
Toronto t o / i Niagara River
K i n g s t o n t o / i F a l s e Ducks I s l a n d
Lake E r i e / L a c E r i e
Long P o i n t t o N i a g a r a R i v e r
Lake Huron
Lake S u p e r i o r
P a c i f i c Coast
Juan de Fuca S t r a i t t o / i D i x o n Entrance
Vancouver I s l a n d , Juan de Fuca S t r a i t t o Queen
C h a r l o t t e Sound
Queen C h a r l o t t e Sound t o D i x o n Entrance
Juan de Fuca S t r a i t E a s t e r n P o r t i o n / P a r t i e E s t
Juan de Fuca S t r a i t t o / i S t r a i t o f Georgia
S t r a i t o f Georgia Southern P o r t i o n / P a r t i e Sud
Approaches to/Approches iJuan de Fuca S t r a i t
U c l u e l e t I n l e t t o / i Nootka Sound
Nootka Sound t o / i Q u a t s i n o Sound
Q u a t s i n o Sound t o / i Queen C h a r l o t t e Sound
Juan de Fuca S t r a i t
Queen C h a r l c t t e Sound
Dixon Entrance
Hecate S t r a i t
C H A R T S I N PREPARATION A S OF OCTOBER 15, 1984,
A t l a n t i c Coast
L/C
L/C
L/C
L /C
L/C
Great Lakes
4340
4486
4574
4844
4845
L /C
2060
L/C
2201
L/C
2243
L /C
2244
2245
L /C
P a c i f i c Coast
Cape B r e t o n t o / a Cape Cod
East P o r t i o n o f Sable I s l a n d
West P o r t i o n o f Sable I s l a n d
Approaches t o S a i n t John Harbour,
P o i n t Lepreau t o Cape Spencer
Grand Manan
B a i e des Chaleurs
Approaches t o S t . J o h n ' s
Cape Pine t o / i Renews Harbour
Renews Harbour t o / i M o t i o n Harbour
Main Duck I s l a n d t o Scotch Bonnet I s l a n d
Georgian Bay
Bateau I s l a n d t o Byng I n l e t
Alexander Passage t o Beaverstone Bay
Beaverstone Bay t o Lonely I s l a n d and McGregor Bay
Strait of
Partie
Strait of
Partie
Georgia - C e n t r a l P o r t i o n /
Centrale
Georgia - N o r t h e r n P o r t i o n /
Nord
SPECIFICATIONS FOR OMEGA
T R A N S M I T T I N G S T A T ION L O C A T I O N S
Station
Letter
Location
Aldra
Norway
66°25'12!'62
N
13°08'12!'52
Monrovia
Liberia
6°18'19!'11
N
10°39'52!'J+0 W
Haiku, Oahu
Hawaii
21°24'16!'78
N
1E17~49'5l!'5l W
La Moure
N o r t h D a k o t a 46021157!'29 N
98O2O1O8!'77 W
L a R e u n i o n I. F r a n c e
4.
20°58'27!'03
E
S
55'1 7'23L'O7 E
65'1 1127!'36 W
Golfo Nuevo
Argentina
43°03'1 21'89 S
Woodside
Australia
38O28'52!'53 S
146°56'06!'51
E
Tsushima
Japan
34°35'52!'93
129°27'12!'57
E
TRANSMITTER POSITION DATUM :
3.
Lonqitude
Latitude
D A T U M REFERENCE SPHEROID :
N
W o r l d G e o d e t i c S y s t e m 1972 (WGS-72)
WGS-72
Equatorial Radius (a)
=
6,378,135.000
meters
Polar Radius ( b )
-
6,356,750.520
meters
Flattening (a-b) /a
-
11298.26
SYNCHRONIZATION :
Coordinated Universal Time ( U T C )
5.
6.
FREQUENCIES:
10.2 k H z
( X = 29,468,087)
11-113kHz
( A =26,521.279meters)
13.6 k H z
( X = 22,101.066
PROPAGATION VELOCITY :
F r e e space ( g r o u p v e l o c i t y )
7.
meters)
. . . . .c
...v
. . . . . . . . . . . clv
= 299,793 k m l s e c
Normal c h a r t e d (phase) velocity
= 300,574 k m l s e c
Nominal r a t i o
= 0.9974
HYPERBOLIC L A T T I C E (MIN IMUMIMAXIMUM LANE COUNTS) :
A f i c t i c i o u s c o d i n g d e l a y ( m i n i m u m l a n e c o u n t ) m u s t b e i n s e r t e d in t h e l a t t i c e
c o m p u t a t i o n s t o p r o v i d e a 10.2 k H z l a n e c o u n t o f 900 lanes o n t h e p e r p e n d i c u l a r
b i s e c t o r o f t h e b a s e l i n e . T h e p u r p o s e i s t o impose a n o r d e r l y l a n e c o u n t i n g s y s t e m
f o r c h a r t p o r t r a y a l . T h i s makes t h e q u a n t i t y B + D, b a s e l i n e d i s t a n c e p l u s
minimum l a n e c o u n t , a c o n s t a n t e q u a l t o 900, 1000, 1200, a n d 300 f o r 10.2, 11-113,
13.6, a n d 3.4 k H z , r e s p e c t i v e l y , f o r a l l Omega p a i r s . T h e minimum l a n e c o ~ n tw i l l
b e r e a d o n t h e g r e a t c i r c l e b a s e l i n e e x t e n s i o n b e h i n d t h e f i r s t d e s i g n a t e d s t a t i o n of
a s t a t i o n p a i r . A maximum l a n e c o u n t e q u a l t o t w i c e t h e b a s e l i n e l e n g t h p l u s t h e
minimum l a n e c o u n t w i l l b e r e a d o n t h e b a s e l i n e e x t e n s i o n b e h i n d t h e s e c o n d d e s i g nated station.
WILD GOOSE ASSOCIATION R A D l O N A V l G A T l O N JOURNAL 1984
BASELINE LENGTH ( B )
PAIR
METERS
A-B
A-C
A-D
A-E
A-F
A -G
A -H
B -C
B-D
B-E
B-F
B -G
B -H
C-D
C-E
C-F
C-G
C-H
D-E
D-F
D-G
D-H
E-F
E-G
E-H
F-G
F-H
G-H
*
Frequency of 10.2 kHz
*WAVELENGTH
"MINIMUM
LANE COUNT
"MAX l MUM
LANE COUNT
WlLD GOOSE ASSOCIATION RADIONAVIGATION JOURNAL 1984
WGA PAST AWARDS
MEDAL OF MERn
THE MEDAL OF MERIT IS AWARDED
T O A PERSON OR PERSONS FOR A
PARTICULAR CONTRIBUTION OF
OUTSTANDING VALUE T O THE
DEVELOPMENT OR FOSTERING OF
LORAN. T H I S AWARD IS NORMALLY
GIVEN ONLY AFTER THE
EXCEPTIONAL NATURE OF THE
CONTRIBUTION IS CLEARLY
RECOGNIZED.
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
-
GENERAL JOHN D. LAVELLE, USAF
- ROBERT L. FRANK
LLOYD D. HIGGINBOTHAM a n d VERNON L . JOHNSON
- CAPTAIN LOREN E. BRUNNER, USCG
- WALTER N. DEAN
- JAMES VAN ETTEN
- RALPH JOHLER
- R. MICHAEL EATON
- JOHN M. BEUKERS
-
SERVICE AWARD
1974 - LLOYD D. HIGGINBOTHAM
K E I T H R. BRUHL
EDWARD L . McGANN
THE SERVICE AWARD IS GIVEN TO
MEMBERS WHO DISTINGUISH
THEMSELVES B Y SERVICE TO THE
WlLD GOOSE ASSOCIATION
-
1980 - LLOYD D. HIGGINBOTHAM
RON S. WARREN
BAHAR J. U T T A M
1981
-
WILLIAM F. RICE
D A V I D H. AMOS
LAMES 0. ALEXANDER
1976 - MURRAY BLOCK
JAMES P. VAN ETTEN
CLAUDE PASQUIER
WlLLA lM VOGLER
WILLIAM REVEILLE
NORMAN DICKERSON
1982
-
BERNARD AMBROSENO
WALTER N. DEAN
JOHN J. ILGEN
1983
-
D A V I D A. CARTER
D A V I D H AMOS
1977 - WILLIAM F. ROLAND
MARGERY S. WEISBERG
MEL CHASKIN
1984
-
ROBERT SCHELLHASE
HAROLC T . SHERMAN
BERNARD AMBROSENO
FRANK R A D l N
1975
WILLIAM F. ROLAND
BAHAR U T T A M
JOHN M. BEUKERS
.
1978 - WARREN J. FREDERICK
THOMAS A. hlcCARTY
DANIEL PANSHIN
JOHN M. BEUKERS
1979 - LEO F. FEHLNER
LLOYD D. HIGGINBOTHAM
ELLENA ROLAND
JAMES P. VAN ETTEN
VERNON L. JOHNSON
PRESIDENT'S AWARD
I
THE PRESIDENT'S AWARD IS
PRESENTED T O THE PERSON,
PERSONS, OR ORGANIZATION AS
DESIGNATED B Y THE PRESIDENT
OF THE ASSOCIATION WITH
CONSENT OF THE BOARD OF
DIRECTORS. THE PRESIDENT'S
AWARD IS PRESENTED A T THE
ANNUAL BANQUET.
1974 - UNITED STATES COAST GUARD
(ACCEPTED BY DONALD NAPLES)
1975 - THE HONORABLE THEODORE C. L U T Z
1976 - NO AWARD
1977 - PAUL R. JOHANNESSEN
1978 - DANIEL PANSHIN, LEO F. FEHLNER
1979 - CAPTAIN WILLIAM B. MOHlN
1980 - CAPTAIN DONALD FELDMAN, USCG
1981 - LEO F. FEHLNER
1982 - EDWARD L. McGANN
1984 - RICHARD L. BEAM
WILLIAM C. HOFFMAN
CARROLL D. L Y T L E
FRANKLIN D. MacKENZlE
WlLLlAMB.MOHlN
WlLLlAML.POLHEMUS
CHARLES R. MlEL (POSTHUMOUSLY)
PAPER AWARD
I
THE PAPER AWARD I S GIVEN T O
A MEMBER OF THE WILD GOOSE
ASSOCIATION FOR T H E BEST
PAPER PUBLISHED ON THE
GENERAL SUBJECT OF LORAN
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
- ROBERT H. DOHERTY a n d RALPH JOHLNER
WILLIAM F . ROLAND
- ROBERT WEHR
- ROGER W. HASSARD
- ROBERT H. CASSIS, JR. a n d RICHARD J. ADAMS
A R T H U R GOLDSMITH
- JAMES P. VAN ETTEN
- JACK M. LlGON a n d CHARLES R, EDWARDS
- WILLIAM L. POLHEMUS
- JOHN J. ANTHONY a n d ANDREW J. SEDLOCK
- JAMES R. MacCULLOUGH a n d BARRY J. IRWIN
- ROBERT L. FRANK
1972
- HORACE
"DAN" REDDING
GIFFORD HEFLEY
.
HONORARY MEMBERSHIP
A N HONORARY MEMBERSHIP I S
AWARDED B Y T H E BOARD OF
DIRECTORS T O A N I N D I V I D U A L
WHO H A S MADE A N OUTSTANDING
C O N T R I B U T I O N T O LORAN
-
-
HARRY D A V I S
1974 - THE HONORABLE JOHN MURPHY
1979 - C A P T A I N CLYDE L. OLSON. USCG
CAPTAIN RAYMOND BAETSEN, USCG
1980 - JOHN A . PIERCE
1982 - WINSLOW PALMER
1984 - WALTER C R O N K I T E
CHALLENGEm
I I
GROWTH I
.
OPPORTUNlTYm
I
are the rewards for hard work and achievement as a member of JAYCOR'r talented, professional
team. Our dynamic high tech company provides an outstanding compensation package i n an
unusually creative environment.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS
Background in hardware systems integration. BSEE/MSEE graduates.
SYSTEM ENGINEERS
Background i n systems planning and integration of military hardware and software.
COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERS
Extensive knowledge of military and commercial communications systems, wide area and
local area communications, network architecture, and systems integration.
INFORMATION SYSTEMS ANALYSTS
Experience i n identifying requirements and implementingdata management systems, developing network models. Current knowledge of data management hardware/software.
PROGRAMMERS
Experience i n data base requirements definition, data base design, and software engineering.
SOFTWARE SYSTEMS
Provide design and programming progress reports and tracking for complex software development. Position requires location in Southwest.
ELECTRONIC TECHNICIANS
Familiarity with communications equipment and facility installations. May require travel.
DESIGN ENGINEER
Experience with design, planning, layout and specifications development of communications
facilities.
Entry level persons with backjround and degrees in math, scisnca or anginssring araeneouraqed to apply as well
U.S. CITIZEWSHIP REQUIRED
JAYCOR
205 South Whiting Street
Alexandria, Virginia 22304
LORAN
MANUFACTURERS
AND
ASSOCIATED
BUSINESSES
T H E FOLLOWING I S A L I S T I N G OF LORAN MANUFACTURERS A N D LORAN-ASSOCIATED BUSINESSES. WHILE EVERY EFFORT
WAS MADE T O ENSURE T H A T NO ONE WAS EXCLUDED, WE ENCOUNTERED POOR RESPONSE T O OUT NEWSLETTER REQUESTS
FOR COMPANY NAMES, CONTACTS, AND BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS. WHERE NO RESPONSE WAS RECEIVED, WE ATTEMPTED T O
GET THE INFORMATION B Y LETTER A N D PHONE.
I N SOME CASES, WE NAMED A WGA MEMBER EMPLOYED B Y T H E COMPANY
A S A C O N T A C T A N D APPLIED A DESCRIPTION FROM OUR OWN KNOWLEDGE.
ONCE AGAIN WE I N V I T E COMPANIES WISHING TO ADD, CHANGE, OR DELETE A L I S T I N G I N THE N E X T E D I T I O N OF THE
JOURNAL TO GET I N TOUCH WITH THE EDITOR A S SOON A S POSSIBLE.
--
--
COMPANY
ADDRESS
CONTACTJTELEPHONE
A d v a n c e d Marine Electronics Inc.
5014 West Grace S t r e e t
Tampa, F L 33607
Advanced N a v i g a t i o n I n c .
621 L o f s t r a n d Lane
Rockville, MD 20850
Advanced ~ k h n o l o g ySystems
2425 Wilson B o u l e v a r d
A r l i n g t o n , VA 22906
Aeronatical Associates I n c .
4018 Robertson B o u l e v a r d
Alexandria, V A 22309
L o u i s Petersen
1 V i n e B r o o k Parkm S u i t e 202
B u r l i n g t o n , MA 01803
John Zvara
5115 C a l v e r t Road
College Park, MD 20720
Norman C. D i c k e r s o n
m
REMARKS
301-424-8730
703-780-8612
Terminal a n d E n r o u t e F l i g h t Procedures, I n t e r i m
S t a n d a r d MLS, Area Navigation, V L F Systems
-J
Aerospace Systems,
Inc.
Amecom D i v i s i o n L i t t o n System I n c .
617-272-7517
301-864- 5600
Analysis, computer simulation, and f l i g h t t e s t o f
navigation, guidance, c o n t r o l a n d d i s p l a y systems
Development a n d m a n u f a c t u r e o f electronic systems
i n c l u d i n g radionavigation t r a n s m i t t i n g a n d r e c e i v i n g
systems
A p p l i e d research in navigation, guidance, a n d
c o n t r o l in defense, space, a n d p u b l i c systems
A n a l y t i c Sciences Corporation, T h e
6 Jacob Way
Reading, MA 01867
A n a l y t i c a l Systems E n g i n e e r i n g
Corporation
O l d C o n c o r d Road
B u r l i n g t o n . MA 01803
James W. Henderson
APELCO
676 I s l a n d Pond Road
Manchester, NH 03103
603-688- 1600
A r n a v Systems I n c
4740 R i d g e D r i v e NE
Salen, OR 97303-0012
800-547-0254
503-393-2550
Austron.
1915 Kramer L a n e
A u s t i n , T X 78758
P.B.
621 L o f s t r a n d L a n e
Rockville, MD 20850
Jimmie Toms
200 L a u r e n t i a n B o u l e v a r d
Montreal, P.Q.
D. G a r b u t t
Bendix Corporation
Navigation a n d C o n t r o l D i v i s i o n
Teterboro,
L . Ranch
B e u k e r s Laboratories I n c .
Flowerfield B u i l d i n g 7
St. James, NY 19144
617-272-7810
P r o v i d e systems e n g i n e e r i n g services in t h e
f i e l d s o f communication a n d n a v i g a t i o n
AN1 (See A d v a n c e d N a v i g a t i o n Inc.)
Inc.
A u s t r o n N a v i g a t i o n Inc.
A v i a t i o n E l e c t r i c Co. L t d
N J 07608
Mabry
512-836-3523
301-424-8730
John M. B e u k e r s
Walter Lewis
516-862-7500
Development a n d manufacture o f radiosonde a n d
radionavigation specializing i n re-transmission a n d
remote t r a c k i n g .
COMPANY
ADDRESS
P.0 Box 66
Cambridge, V T 05444
Cambridge Engineering
CONTACTJTELEPHONE
M a r t i n C. Poppe, J r .
802-899-3535
REMARKS
Electronic systems, consultation a n d development
Canadian Marconi Company
2442 T r e n t o n Avenue
Marine a n d L a n d Communication D i v . Montreal 301, P.Q. , Canada
Robert Tanguay
514-341-7630
Collins Radio Company
Dallas, T X 75207
Fred. J. Spencer
214-690-5193
Colorado Research a n d Prediction
Laboratory Inc.
P.O. Box 1056
Boulder, CO 80302
303-530-7201
Communications Associates,
200 McKay Road
H u n t i n g t o n Station, NY 10801
Gerald A. Gutman
516-271-0800
Manufacture a n d sales o f marine communications
a n d navigation systems
CRPLl
Inc.
Manufacture a n d sales o f a i r b o r n e radio equipment,
i n c l u d i n g AN IAPN-199 Loran-C receiver
Consultants in radiowave propagation
(See Colorado Research a n d Prediction)
Dahl Loran Service
46 No. Water Street
New Bedford, MA 02740
Harold Dahl
61 7-997-7961
L o r a n sales a n d service f o r vessels a n d a i r c r a f t ,
consultant f o r users a n d manufacturers
Decca S u r v e y Systems, Inc.
P.O. Box 22397
Houston, T X 77027
C .D. Paget-Clarke
713-783-8220
Radionavigation services f o r h y d r o g r a p h i c s u r v e y
Develco Inc.
404 Tasman D r i v e
Sunnyvale, CA 94086
Digital Marine Electronics Corporation
30 S u d b u r y Road
Acton, MA 01720
Charles J. Malaquias, J r .
61 7-897-6600
Manufacturer a n d d i s t r i b u t o r s o f f u l l y automatic
Loran-A a n d Loran-C receivers
EDO-AIRE
Division o f E D 0 Corporation
216 Passaic Avenue
Fairfield, N J 07006
D i c k Pasciati
516-293-4000
A i r c r a f t F l i g h t a n d Engine Instruments, F l i g h t
C o n t r o l Systems, Loran, VORIDMEIILS G r o u n d
Nav Aids, R-Nav, Solid-state Chrondmeters
Electro-Nav,
1201 C o r b i n Street
Elizabeth Marine Terminal
Elizabeth, N J 07201
Inc.
Sales, service, a n d installation o f marine
electronic systems
EPSCO, Incorporated
41 1 Providence Highway
Westwood, MA 02090
B a r n a r d Ambroseno
617-329-1500
Manufacturer o f electronic systems i n c l u d i n g
Loran-C receivers, simulators, a n d guidance
devices
E-Systems,
P.O. B o x 6030
Dallas, T X 75222
Johnnie Walker
214-861-9050
IntelligencelRecce, command/control, electronic
warfare, communications, guidance, controls a n d
navigation, a i r c r a f t overhaul a n d modification
Inc.
Frank, Robert L.
30795 R i v e r Crossing
Birmingham, MI 48010
F u r u n o USA Inc.
P.0 Box 2343
271 H a r b o r Way
So. San Francisco, C A 94080
Green Mountain Radio Research Co.
240 S t a n i f o r d Road
B u r l i n g t o n , V T 05401
F r e d e r i c k H. Raab
802-862-0997
G r i f f i t h Marine Navigation Inc.
134 N o r t h Avenue
New Rochelle, NY 10801
Ray Y t u r r a s p e
212-828-5524
Electronic systems consultant
Sales, service, a n d installation o f VHF radio
telephone, radar, d e p t h sounders, Loran, Omega,
w i n d a n d speed instruments a n d autopilots
Hartman D i v i s i o n o f A T 0 I n c
360 Wolfhill Road
H u n t i n g t o n Station, N Y 11746
R o b e r t Romandetto
Development a n d p r o d u c t i o n o f electronic systems
HPL E n g i n e e r i n g
49 Cleopatra D r i v e
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
C.B.
Radionavigation system s t u d i e s a n d equipment sales
lntegra
P.O. B o x 455
C u p e r t i n o , CA 95014
Werner Schuerch
408-252- 1495
C o n s u l t i n g services, development a n d manufacturi n g o f special n a v i g a t i o n equipment
l n t e r n a v Inc.
66 Cummings P a r k
Woburn, MA 01801
617-935-3000
Development a n d m a n u f a c t u r e o f radionavigation,
monitor, s u r v e y , a n d t i m i n g r e c e i v e r s f o r Loran-C
I s b e r g , R.A.
1215 H e n r y S t r e e t
Berkeley, CA 94709
ITT
320 P a r k A v e n u e
New Y o r k , NY 10022
I T T Avionics D i v i s i o n
100 K i n g s l a n d Road
C l i f t o n , N J 07014
Jefferies
Consulting Engineers
James Van E t t e n
including radionavigation transmitting and receiving
systems
N u t l e y , NJ 07110
Jack Powers Associates
23297 S. Pointe D r i v e
Laguna Hills, CA 92653
Jack Powers
714-380-8380
Manufacturers' representatives
Jaycor
205 S o u t h Whiting S t r e e t
Alexandria, VA 22304
David Carter
703-823- 1300
Automatic Vehicle Location Systems
I n t e g r a t e d marine n a v i g a t i o n d e s i g n a n d development
Jefferson,
Main a n d C o t t o n S t r e e t
Philadelphia, PA 19127
Ray
JMR I n s t r u m e n t s Canada L t d .
8-6320 11th S t r e e t SE
C a l i g a r y , A l b e r t a T2H 2L7
Stephen C. S w i f t
403- 255-6667
JRC - Japan Radio Company L t d .
C / O N i p p i NY, Inc.
155 E. 55th S t r e e t
New Y o r k , NY
T . Hayashi
212-255-1180
Kaman
-
TEMPO
816 State S t r e e t
Santa B a r b a r a , CA 93102
K r u p p Atlas-Electronick
Division of K r u p p International Inc.
P.O. B o x 58218
Houston, T X 77058
Lear Siegler,
4141 E a s t e r n A v e n u e SE
G r a n d Rapids, M I 49508
Inc. I n s t r u m e n t D i v i s i o n
H.R. Walton
616-241-8651
Magnavox Company, T h e
F o r t Wayne,
Marinav C o r p o r a t i o n
1140 M o r r i s o n D r i v e
Ottawa, O n t a r i o K2H 859
P.C. Wilson
61 3-820-6600
N a v i g a t i o n systems a n d s u p p o r t services
2722 Temple A v e n u e
L o n g Beach, C A 90806
John F . Honey
213-595-6521
M a n u f a c t u r e r s o f "MAR-LINE1' engine a n d accessory
i n t e r f e r e n c e f i l t e r s f o r Loran-C installations
Marine Technology,
Inc.
I N 46802
Designs a n d b u i l d s complex modular d i g i t a l avionics
systems t o solve navigation, weapon delivery, a n d
reconnaissance problems
M a n u f a c t u r e r s o f AN I B R N - 5 L o r a n Receiver f o r
P o s e i d o n I T r i d e n t submarines, AN IFRG-17 t r a n s m i t t e r c o n t r o l set ( C l a r i n e t P i l g r i m ) , a n d R-16631
UR d i g i t a l data r e c e i v e r
Megapul se
8 Preston C o u r t
B e d f o r d , MA 01730
E d w a r d L. McGann
617-275-2010
Development a n d m a n u f a c t u r e o f Loran-C a n d D
t r a n s m i t t i n g equipment
Micrologic, Inc.
20801 D e a r b o r n S t r e e t
Chatsworth. C A 91311
Calvin Culver
213-998-1216
Manufacturer o f commercial marine Loran-C receivers,
f e a t u r i n g automatic o p e r a t i o n w i t h d i r e c t r a n g i n g
a n d secondary o n l y operation.
COMPANY
ADDRESS
MIECO
D i v i s i o n o f Polarad E l e c t r o n i c s
Corporation
109 Beaver C o u r t
Cockeysville, MD 21 030
MITRE C o r p o r a t i o n
P.O. B o x 208
Bedford, MA 01730
CONTACTITELEPHONE
REMARKS
Jean H a h n
301-667-4660
M a n u f a c t u r e r s of L o r a n - A a n d C receivers, Omega
receivers, a n d telephone a n d voice scramblers
7095 M i l f o r d I n d u s t r i a l Road
Baltimore, MD 21208
D a v i d A. H u t z l e r
301-484-3284
M a n u f a c t u r e r s o f Loran-A a n d C c y l e matching
receivers
Navidyne Corporation
11824 F l u s h i n g Point D r i v e
N e w p o r t News, VA 23606
804-874-4488
Navigation Systems,
8841 Monard D r i v e
S i l v e r S p r i n g , MD 20910
Carl Andren
301-585-7460
N o r t h e r n Radio Company
14975 N o r t h e a s t 40th
Redmond, WA 98052
206-883-7700
Offshore Navigation Inc.
P.O. B o x 23504
Harahan, L A 70183
B i l l Marchal
504-733-6790
Plessey Radar L t d .
Addlestone, Weybridge
S u r r e y K T 152PW, E n g l a n d
A.M. P a t r i c k
Weybridge 47282
M a n u f a c t u r e a n d sales of marine communications,
navigation, a n d r a d a r systems
Polhemus Associates I n c .
Box 5
Cambridge, V T 05444
802-644-5569
Licensed Professional Navigator,
forms o f N a v i g a t i o n
Promar
P.O. B o x 22133
Tampa, F L 33622
Racal-Decca Marine I n c .
1 Commerce B o u l e v a r d
P.O. B o x G
Palm Coast, F L 32037
904-455-2400
Raytheon Marine Company
676 I s l a n d Pond Road
Manchester, NH 03102
603-688-1600
Redifon Limited
P.O. B o x 451 C a r l e t o n House
Lower Regent S t r e e t
L o n d o n SW1Y 4LS. E n g l a n d
W. B l a n c h a r d
01-874-7281
Ross Marine Electronics
416 Commercial S t r e e t
Portland, ME
Satellite Positioning C o r p o r a t i o n
6614 Hornwood D r i v e
Houston, T X 77036
Seatron Marine Electronics
4312 Main S t r e e t
Philadelphia, PA
Simrad,
2215 NW M a r k e t S t r e e t
Seattle, WA 98107
E x c l u s i v e U.S. d i s t r i b u t o r s o f a l l Loran-C p r o d u c t s o f I n t e r n a v , I n c . of Woburn, MA. D i s t r i b u t o r s o f echo-sounders a n d sonar manufactyred b y
p a r e n t company, Simrad o f Oslo, Norway.
150 Totowa Road
Wayne, N J 07470
Development a n d m a n u f a c t u r e o f n a v i g a t i o n a n d
guidance systems
Nautical Electronics Comtany,
Inc.
Inc.
Development a n d m a n u f a c t u r e o f a l r b o r n e a n d
marine radionavigation equipment i n c l u d i n g Loran-C
ON1 (See O f f s h o r e N a v i g a t i o n I n c . )
Inc.
Singer-Kearfott
Specialist i n a l l
M a n u f a c t u r e a n d sales of marine communications
a n d n a v i g a t i o n systems
P.O. B o x 6700
Clearwater, F L 33518
813-535-4681
249 V a n d e r b i l t A v e n u e
Norwood, MA 02062
M.F. Spears
617-769-6900
S p e r r y Gyroscope
Great Neck, N Y 11020
R o b e r t Smith
516-574-2921
S p e r r y Systems Management
Marcus Road
Great Neck, N Y 11020
SRD Labs
645 McGlincey L a n e
Campbell, CA 95008
B r u c e G. Gato
408-371-2666
M a n u f a c t u r e r s o f manual, t r a c k i n g , a n d f u l l y
automatic Loran-A a n d C r e c e i v e r s p r i m a r i l y
f o r fishboat. workboat, a n d pleasure c r a f t
industry
1801 Page M i l l Road
Palo Alto, CA 94303
Fred Karkalik
415-494-1165
A p p l i c a t i o n o f d i g i t a l computer a n d modern
analysis techniques t o complex system problems
Telecom, Inc.
8027 L e e s b u r g P i k e
Vienna, VA 22180
L.P.
Specializing in low-cost Loran-C receivers, telecommunications systems a n d e n g i n e e r i n g consulti n g services, n a t i o n a l l y a n d i n t e r n a t i o n a l l y
Teledyne Systems Company
19601 N o r d h o p e S t r e e t
N o r t h r i d g e , CA 91324
213-886-221 1
Texas I n s t r u m e n t s
P.O. B o x 6080
Dallas, T X 75222
II Morrow I n c .
P.O. B o x 13549
Salem, OR 97309
Tracor, Incorporated
65000 T r a c o r L a n e
A u s t i n , T X 78721
H a r r y L. Thomas
51 2-926-2800
T r i m b l e N a v i g a t i o n Company
1077 Independence A v e n u e
Mountain View, CA 94043
415-962-2893
TRW, Inc.
3 New E n g l a n d E x e c u t i v e P a r k
B u r l i n g t o n , MA 01803
B.H.
SI-TEX
Spears Associates,
Systems Control,
Inc.
Inc.
Verdes E n g i n e e r i n g Co,
Inc.
Design a n d management o f e l e c t r o n i c systems
Tuttle
Development a n d m a n u f a c t u r e o f communication,
navigation, a n d data processing
M a n u f a c t u r e r o f consumer electronic p r o d u c t s ,
i n c l u d i n g Loran-C r e c e i v e r s
Evans
f o r n a v i g a t i o n a n d f r e q u e n c y measurement
Electronic system d e s i g n a n d management
26619 Shorewood Road
Rancho Palos Verdes, CA 90274
Watkins Associates
P.O. B o x 205
N o r t h D a y t o n Station
Dayton, OH 45404
B i l l y J. Watkins
513-236-2330
Weihe, Vernon I, C o n s u l t i n g S e r v i c e
4133 N o r t h 33rd Road
A r l i n g t o n , VA 22207
703-527-51 46
WESMAR
E L F I V L F I L F communications a n d n a v i g a t i o n techn i q u e s f o r extremely s e n s i t i v e reception
P r o v i d e s representativelmarketing consultant
services t o a v i o n i c s companies i n t e r e s t e d i n
DOD p r o g r a m s
(See Western Marine Electronics)
Western Geophysical
Box 2469
Houston, T X 77001
Western Marine Electronics
905 D e x t e r A v e n u e
P.O. B o x C 19074
Seattle, WA 98109
LORAN-RELATED PAPERS
1982 - ELEVENTH A N N U A L T E C H N I C A L SYMPOSIUM
Raab, F r e d e r i c k H.,
Sage, Gerald F.,
K i n g , T . A.,
"Spread Spectrum L o r a n (Loran-E)"
"Design o f a Dual Rate Master Independent, D i r e c t Range Loran-C Receiver"
" A l l Weather Precise Positioning W i t h Loran-C"
Bregstone, E.,
"Loran-C In-Band Notch F i l t e r "
Voight, Captain Robert E. and Wester, Captain R o b e r t S., "Use o f Completely I n t e g r a t e d Reference
I n s t r u m e n t a t i o n System (CIRIS) for L o r a n G r i d Data Gathering1'
Natarajan, K r i s h n a n a n d OIHalloran,
Prediction"
Newman, J. N.,
" A Semi-Empirical Method f o r L o r a n G r i d C a l i b r a t i o n /
William
"Coordinate Conversion Based o n a Simplified Razin A l g o r i t h m "
McCullough, James R. a n d I r w i n , B a r r y J.,
Considerations"
J e r a r d i , T . a n d M e r r i t t , B.,
a t Sea"
" L o r a n - C L a t i t u d e - L o n g i t u d e Conversion a t Sea: Programming
" T h e LONARS-Aided Doppler Solution
Graham, Gary, "Loran-C i n t h e G u l f o f Mexico
-
-
A New Method f o r Precise Positioning
T h e Promise a n d t h e Product"
I l l g e n , John, Bland, D r . Robert, a n d Montonye, Captain J.T.,
Technology is Here"
"Loran-C H a r b o r Navigation - T h e
Pfaelzer, C a r t e r P. a n d H i l d e b r a n t , R i c h a r d R., " A n Experimental S e l f - I n i t i a l i z i n g , H i g h Resolution,
H y b r i d Automatic G r o u n d Vehicle Location System"
Dean, Walter N.,
"What's T h e Matter With George?"
Scull, D a v i d C.,
"Radionavigation i n t h e Year 2000"
King, L a r r y D.,
"Alaska Loran-C F l i g h t T e s t Evaluation1'
Hassard, CDR Roger, "Loran-C's F u t u r e in Europe"
Panel Discussion: "Development of Performance S t a n d a r d s f o r Loran-C H a r b o r Navigation Systems"
Moderator: Dorian, Captain Charles, USCG ( R e t i r e d ) , Chairman, B o a r d o f D i r e c t o r s , RTCM;
Panel: Montonye, Captain J . T . , USCG Headquarters; Swartwood, William, DMA; Rogoff, Mortimer,
Navigation Sciences, I n c . ; Nolan, Thomas, F a c u l t y , MITAGS
1983 - TWELFTH A N N U A L T E C H N I C A L SYMPOSIUM
Dean, Walter N
.,
"Over F o r t y Y e a r s o f L o r a n - How We g o t t o Where We A r e "
T a g g e r t , L t . D.S.,
" T h e U.S.
Coast G u a r d RED Loran-C S t a b i l i t y S t u d y "
McCullough, James R., I r w i n , B.,
Data i n t h e G u l f o f Mexico"
Rogoff, M.,
Sartin, L.,
"Viewnav - Precision Navigation,
Wells, D. a n d Rennie, J.,
Planning, a n d Tactical C o n t r o l "
" C o n t r o l A l g o r i t h m f o r a Rho-Rho Loran-C System"
"Observations o f t h e Performance o f t h e Southeast U.S.
O r r , L T J C R.,
"Loran-C - T h e Present a n d t h e F u t u r e "
"DESLOT: A n Accceptable A l t e r n a t i v e ? "
Ens. B.,
Bregstone, E.,
"Remote O p e r a t i n g System - I t s Promise; i t s R i s k "
"Loran-C
In-Band N o t c h F i l t e r 1 '
Sage, G.F.,
"A F a s t U p d a t e L o r a n Receiver U s i n g Local A r e a Conversion"
Marchal, W.,
"Automatic A i r c r a f t I V e s s e l T r a c k i n g Systems
C h a r r o n , L.G.
a n d Lukac, C.,
.
lverson, L T J R
Leighton,
S t u a r t , J.,
., "Loran-C
J . a n d Warren,
"Evolution o f Loran-C T i m i n g Techniques"
System Management I n f o r m a t i o n Data Base"
R.,
"Navigation A v i o n i c s I n t e g r a t i o n w i t h Loran-C"
" T h e H i s t o r y o f Loran-C C h a r t i n g a t t h e National Ocean Service"
M w n e y , F . W. a n d Frost, A.D.,
Near F a r Field"
"Frequency a n d Time Domain C h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n of Loran-C Signals in t h e
Angus, P., Burnham, D., a n d Frost, A.D.,
A p p l i c a t i o n t o t h e 1990 Census"
T h r a l l , LCDR W.J.,
.
L o r a n Chain"
"Saudi A r a b i a Loran-C Chains"
Pealer, CDR N.A.,
Serinis,
"A F i r s t Look a t Loran-C C a l i b r a t i o n
" D i f f e r e n t i a l Loran-C f o r B u o y Position C h e c k i n g "
L. a n d Jerardi, T.,
Johnson, V . L.,
.
a n d Bowles, R.,
"A Q u a r t e r C e n t u r y o f Loran-C"
Enge, D r . P. a n d Poppe, M.,
Fehlner,
Hayward, R.,
"Loran-C:
Ligon, J , "Loran-C C a l i b r a t i o n "
"U.S.
1983 a n d Beyond1'
B u r e a u of t h e Census I n v e s t i g a t i o n o f Loran-C
CONSTITUTION AND BY-LAWS
CONSTITUTION
ARTICLE I
NAME
The name of this association shall be the 'Wild Goose
Association. "hereinafter referred t o as the "Association."
SECTION 3. HONORARY MEMBER. Honorary membership may be awarded by the Board of Directors t o an
individual who has made an outstanding contribution to
loran. Not more than two persons may be awarded honorary memberships in any one calendar year. An honorary
m-ember shall be entitled to all privileges of regular membership except that he shall not have the right to vote or
hold office, unless he elects to meet the requirements of
regular membership in addition t o his honorary membership. Honorary membership shall continue for life unless
revoked by the Board of Directors.
ARTICLE I I
AIMS AND PURPOSES
The Wild Goose Association is formed t o provide an organization for individuals who have a common interest in loran
and who wish t o foster and preserve the art of loran, to
promote the exchange of ideas and information in the field
of loran, t o recognize the advances and contributions t o
loran, to document the history of loran, and to commemorate fittingly the memory of fellow Wild Gepe.
ARTICLE Ill
COMPOSITION OR NATURE
The Association shall be composed of individuals who concur in the aims and purposes of the Association and shall
not be used for the dissemination of partisan principles, nor
for the promotion of the candidacy of any person seeking
public office or preferment, nor for promotion of any
commercial enterprise.
SECTION 4. LIFE MEMBER. A life member is a person
whose application has been accepted and elects to pay in
advance the life membership dues. Such a person shall be
a member for life without further payment of annual dues.
A life member in good standing shall be entitled to all the
privileges and rights o f regular membership.
SECTION 5. ,ASSOCIATE MEMBER. An associate member
is an organizational unit, such as a library, whose application has been accepted. Associate members shall receive
the publications of the Association and other printed
matter having potential interest to non-members. Associate
members shall not have the privilege to vote or hold office.
SECTION 6. CORPORATE MEMBER. A corporate member i s an organizational unit whose application has been
accepted. There shall be two (2) classes of corporate members. Class 1 shall include organizations operated for a prof i t which have 500 or more employees on the first day of
the current calendar year. Class 2 shall include the following:
Organizational units of a government
Educational institutions or units thereof
Bona Fide non-profit organizations
ARTICLE IV
MEMBERSHIP
Organizations operated for profit that have less that 500
employees on the first day of the current calendar year.
Divisions of corporations that are Class 1 members
SECTION I. MEMBERSHIP. There shall be five (5) classes
o f membership; regular, honorary, life, associate and corporate. Any individual or organization that has an interest
in the field of loran is eligible for membership. Application
shall be presented to the Board of Directors or i t s delegated
representative and action t o accept or reject the application
shall be completed within three (3) months from receipt
by the Association.
SECTION 2. REGULAR MEMBER. A regular member i s
a person whose application has been accepted and elects to
pay regular membership dues annually. The right to vote,
hold office and serve as chairman or members of committees shall be extended to regular members in good standing.
A corporate member shall have the privilege of nominating
i t s employees for acceptance as members who shall be
extended all the privileges of regular membership. Those
accepted shall not exceed ten (10) for a Class 1 corporate
member or five (5) for Class 2.
ARTICLE V
MEMBERSHIP FEES AND DUES
SECTION 1. PURPOSE. To provide funds for operating the
Association, Dues and Fees may be established t o cover the
expenses.
WILD GOOSE ASSOC l A T ION RAD I O N A V I G A T ION JOURNAL 1984
SECTION 2. DUES. Annual and Life Membership Dues
shall be established by the By-Laws to this Constitution.
Annual dues shall apply to the calendar year.
SECTION 3. FEES. Initiation fees may be established by
the By-Laws. Special fees may be assessed equally against
each regular and life member by the Board of Directors t o
cover extraordinary expenses. In such instances, special fees
shall be assessed against corporate members at ten times the
regular member rate for Class 1 and five times for Class 2.
SECTION 4. FISCAL YEAR. The fiscal year shall be established by the By-Laws.
ARTICLE V I
OFFICES AND DIRECTORS
SECTION 1. OFFICERS. The officers of the Association
shall be President, Vice-president, Secretary, and Treasurer.
All officers shall be members of the Association in good
standing.
SECTION 6. VACANCIES
a. Vacancies occurring among elected officials between the
time of the annual election and the start of the term of
office shall be filled by the candidate or candidates for
the office next in line according to votes received.
b. Vacancies occurring among elected officials after the
start o f the term of office shall be appointed by the
Board o f Directors.
SECTION 7. APPOINTED DIRECTORS. By action of a
majority of the Elected Directors, a maximum of three
members in good standing may be appointed from the
membership of the Association to serve as Appointed
Directors for a term of office of one (1) year. Such appointments shall be for the purpose of providing representation on the Board of Directors from new and developing
areas of loran activity where membership in the Association
has not developed sufficiently to reasonably expect that
representation would accrue by elected Directors.
ARTICLE VII
ORGANIZATION AND POWERS
SECTION 2. ELECTED OFFICERS. The President shall be
elected by the Membership of the Association to serve for a
period of one (1) year and thereafter until his successor is
duly chosen. No person may be elected to the office of
President for more than two (2) consecutive terms.
SECTION 3. APPOINTED OFFICERS. The Vice-president,
Secretary, and Treasurer shall be appointed by the elected
President. The appointments shall be made from among the
elected Directors of the Association, and they shall serve
for a period of one (1) year and thereafter until their successors have been chosen for the new presidential term.
SECTION 4. ELECTED DIRECTORS. There shall be
twelve (12) elected Directors and they shall be elected for a
period of three (3) years. One-third (113) of the total membership of elected Directors shall be elected each year. The
initial Directors shall be designated as one ( 1 ) year, two (2)
year, and three (3) year Directors, t o allow for the election
of one-third (113) of the Directors each year. Term o f
office t o be served by the initial groups of Directors shall
be determined by drawing lots by the founding Directors.
All Directors shall be members of the Association in good
standing.
SECTION 5. VOTING. Only members eligible to vote and
in good standing at the time o f ballot counting shall exercise the right of voting. Voting shall be by mail, and the
annual election shall be held as prescribed in the By-Laws.
SECTION 1. BOARD OF DIRECTORS. The Board of
Directors shall be composed of the President of the Association, the twelve (12) elected Directors of the Association,
the appointed Directors of the Association, and the Immediate Past President of the Association.
SECTION 2. BOARD POWERS. The Board of Directors
shall be the highest ruling authority of the Association, and
shall be responsible for the general management of the
affairs of the Association. The Board shall be empowered to
enact By-Laws, t o incur obligations for which the Association i s responsible, to appropriate funds, and to issue
directives to officers or committees consistent with the
Constitution and By-Laws. The Board shall enact By-Laws
to establish any regulation that has a direct and enduring
effect on the Membership.
SECTION 3. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. The Executive
Committee shall consist of the President, Vice-president,
Secretary and Treasurer.
SECTION 4. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE POWERS. The
Executive Committee shall be the executive arm of the'
Board of Directors, empowered to administer the affairs
of the Association in accordance with the policies, resolutions, and directives of the Board. The Executive Committee shall not be empowered to enact By-Laws. The
Committee shall be empowered to incur obligations for
which the Association is responsible and t o appropriate
funds consistent with policy established by the Board of
Directors, and with the Constitution and By-Laws. The
Executive Committee shall be accountable to the Board
of Directors for its actions.
SECTION 5.PRESIDENT. The President shall be the chief
executive officer of the Association.
SECTION 6. POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT. The President shall be empowered to act on his own initiative in
managing the affairs of the Association. Actions of the
President sha!l be consistent with management policy
established by the Board of Directors, with commitments
and appropriations of the Board and Executive Committee,
and with the Constitution and By-Laws. The President
shall be accountable to the Board for his actions.
ARTICLE V l l l
ANNUAL CONVENTION
SECTION 2. CAUSES FOR ACTIONS. Any member of the
Association may be suspended or expelled for misconduct
reflecting unfavorably upon the Association.
SECTION 3. MEMBER STANDING. A Member shall be in
good standing if all dues and fees are paid for the current
calendar year and membership has not been suspended or
revoked. The membership of members whose dues remain
unpaid for two consecutive calendar years shall be revoked.
ARTICLE XI1
AMENDMENTS
SECTION 1. The Constitution may be amended by a twothirds (213) majority of the votes cast.
SECTION 2. Proposed changes shall be placed on a ballot
and mailed t o the membership after approval by the Board
of Directors.
The Convention shall be held annually a t a time and place
fixed by the Board of Directors and in accordance with
the By-Laws.
ARTICLE X l l l
ARTICLE IX
AWARDS
STANDING COMMITTEES
The Association may provide by i t s By-Laws for such
Standing Committees as may be deemed necessary. The
President, annually, shall appoint the Chairman of each
Committee.
ARTICLE X
SPECIAL COMMITTEES
Either the Association's Membership, duly assembled, or
the Board of Directors or President may create special
Conimittees and define their respective powers and
duties.
Awards for significant contributions in furtherance of the
aims and purposes of the Wild Goose Association may be
authorized by appropriate provision in the By-Laws.
ARTICLE X I V
REGIONAL CLUBS
Regional clubs in furtherance of the aims and purposes of
the Wild Goose Association may be organized as authorized
by appropriate provision in the By-Laws.
ARTICLE XI
ARTICLE XV
DISCIPLINE
PUBLICATIONS
SECTION 1. ACTION, HOW TAKEN. The Board of
Directors, after notice and a proper hearing, may by majority vote suspend or revoke the membership privileges of
any Member.
Publications that serve t o further the aims and purposes of
the Wild Goose Association may be organized as authorized
by appropriate provision in the By-Laws.
WILD GOOSE ASSOC I A T I O N R A D I O N A V I G A T I O N JOURNAL 1984
BY-LAWS
ARTICLE I
OFFICERS
SECTION 1. PRESIDENT. The President shall exercise
the powers and perform the duties assigned to him by the
Constitution and By-Laws. He shall be Chairman of the
Board o f Directors. He shall generally supervise the management of the affairs of the Association. He shall enforce the
provisions of the Constitution and By-Laws, and be guided
by the will of the Annual Convention. He shall preside at
the Annual Convention. He shall appoint all necessary committees and shall perform such other duties as are usually
incident to the office.
SECTION 2. VICE PRESIDENT. The Vice President shall
preside in the absence or disability of the President. The
duties of the Vice President shall be such as may be
assigned by the President.
SECTION 3. SECRETARY. The Secretary shall keep a
record of the proceedings of the Board of Directors and the
Executive Committee, o f annual meetings of the Association, and of all other matters of which a record shall be
ordered by the President, the Board of Directors, the
Executive Committee, or the Association. He shall perform such other duties as may be assigned to him by the
Constitution and By-Laws o f the Association, the President, the Executive Committee and the Board of Directors,
and shall perform such other duties as are usually incident
t o the office.
-
SECTION 4. TREASURER. The Treasurer shall collect and
disburse all funds of the Association and be the custodian
of such funds. He shall keep regular accounts on the
Association's fiscal year basis in the books belonging to the
Association. He shall make annual reports at each National
Convention upon the condition of the Treasury and at
such other times as shall be required by the Board of Directors or by the President. He shall perform such other
duties as may be assigned to him by the Constitution and
the By-Laws of the Association, and shall perform such
other duties as are usually incident to the office.
upon the written request of five (5) or more members of
the Board. The Secretary shall notify all directors of each
meeting in advance.
SECTION 2. QUORUM. Seven (7) Directors or Alternates
present shall constitute a quorum of the Board of Directors.
~iternatescounted for a quorum shall not exceed two. I f a
quorum is present for a meeting, decisions of the Boa'rd
made by majority vote including absentee ballots shall be
binding. I f the number of members present is less than a
quorum, the meeting may be held and business conducted
as i f a quorum were present, but no actions shall be binding
until ratified by a majority of the entire Board of Directors
obtained by written ballot.
SECTION 3. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETINGS. The
Executive Committee may meet for the conduct of the
affairs of the Association a t times and places that are
mutually agreeable to its members. Alternatively, the
Executive Committee may conduct i t s affairs by telephone conferences and/or written communications. Actions
taken by the Executive Committee shall be consistent with
the consensus of all its members.
SECTION 4 . ALTERNATES AND PROXY. A Director unable to attend a Board meeting may appoint an alternate to
attend that meeting. An alternate may vote on any matter
brought to vote during the meeting provided the alternate
is a member in good standing of the Association and provided a signed written proxy assignment to the alternate
i s in the hands of the Secretary of the Association prior
t o the meeting.
SECTION 5. ABSENTEE BALLOT. A Director who i s to
be absent from a Board meeting and is not represe7ted by
an alternate may vote by written absentee ballot on questions posed by the meeting agenda. Only absentee ballots
that are in the hands of the Secretary of the Association
prior to the meeting shall be counted.
SECTION 6. REMOVAL. A Director may be removed from
office for lack of participation in the affairs of the Board
after a hearing by the Board and upon an affirmative vote
of two-thirds (213) of the members of the Board of
Directors.
ARTICLE II
BOARD OF DIRECTORS AND
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
ARTICLE I l l
STANDING COMMITTEES
SECTION 1. BOARD MEETINGS. The Board of Directors
shall meet a t such times and places as shall be designated by
the President. The Secretary shall call a special meeting
SECTION 1. AUTHORIZED COMMITTEES. The Standing
Committees of the Association shall be as follows:
WILD GOOSE ASSOCIATION RADIONAVIGATION JOURNAL 1 9 8 4
Audit Committee
Awards Committee
Constitution Committee
Convention Committee
Historical Committee
Journal Committee
Membership Committee
Newsletter Committee
Nominating and Election Committee
SECTION 2. CHAIRMEN OF STANDING COMMITTEES.
The President shall appoint the chairman of each committee from members in good standing. Members of the
Board o f Directors should be selected for chairmen of committees where they can be effective; however, their selection is not mandatory unless specifically required by these
By-Laws.
SECTION 3. MEETINGS. Each Standing Committee shall
hold meetings at such times as may be specified, after due
notice to i t s members, by its Chairman, by the President of
the Association, or upon the request in writing of a majority of i t s members. Alternatively, the Standing Committees
may conduct their affairs by telephone and/or written communications. Committee actions shall be consistent with
the consensus of all its members unless member participation i s prevented by abnormal circumstances.
SECTION 4. REPORTS. Each Standing Committee shall
keep a record of its proceedings and shall make a written
report of its activities to the Secretary of the Association.
SECTION 5. REMOVAL. Any member of a Standing Committee may be removed from office by the Committee
Chairman with the concurrence of the President, or by
the written request of two-thirds (213) of the committee
members.
SECTION 6. DUTIES. Each Standing Committee shall be
charged with the duties assigned to i t by the Constitution
and By-Laws of the Association or by the President or
Board of Directors and shall perform such other duties as
are usually incident to committees of i t s particular function. Any question which may arise as to the jurisdiction
of a Committee shall be determined by the President.
SECTION 7. APPROPRIATIONS. The Chairman of any
Committee may make application to the Board of Directors or the Executive Committee for appropriations of
funds for the work of such Committee. No committee
shall have authority t o incur any indebtedness or
pecuniary - obligation for which the Association shall be
responsible except t o the extent previously authorized by
the Board of Directors, or by the Executive Committee.
ARTICLE IV
NOMINATING AND ELECTION COMMITTEE
SECTION 1. CHAIRMAN. The chairman shall be a member of the Board of Directors.
SECTION 2. MEMBERSHIP. The chairman shall appoint an
even number of members of the Association, not less than
two (2) nor more than six (6),
t o serve on the Committee.
SECTION 3. NOMINATIONS. Nominations to any office
to become vacant may be made to the Committee in
writing by any member of the Association, provided it is
accompanied by a short biographical sketch of the person
to be nominated, suitable for release to the general membership and a complete but concise justification for
nomination.
SECTION 4. SELECTION.
The Nominating and Election Committee shall solicit
and review all nominations and shall select not less
than two (2) nor more than five (5) candidates for
President, and not less than eight (8) nor more than
twelve (12) candidates for the Board of Directors.
The Chairman of the Committee shall submit the
Nominating and Election Committee nominations to
the President of the Association for Board of Directors
action not later than 1 April of each year.
The Board of Directors shall review the nominations of
the Committee and may add or delete candidates. The
Board of Directors shall approve a slate of candidates
and the Committee Chairman shall prepare and distribute mail ballots to all members other than Honorary
Members regardless of standing.
SECTION 5. ELECTIONS.
Ballots shall allow write-in votes for all offices. Ballots
shall be mailed to the membership between the first ( 1 )
and thirty-first (31) of May and only those ballots
received in the Association mail box by 1400 on the
thirtieth (30) o f June from members in good standing
at the time of receipt shall be counted. Ballots shall be
returned in the ballot envelopes provided, and they shall
not be opened prior to close of the election on thirty
(30) June, and then only at such time and place as there
are three (3) members of the Nominating and Election
Committee present.
WILD GOOSE ASSOC I A T l O N R A D l O N A V l C A T ION JOURNAL 1984
Results of the election shall be provided to the Secretary
of the Association not later than fifteen (15) July.
Results shall show each candidate and the number of
votes received. The results shall be certified by the three
Committee members present for the counting.
The Nominating and Elections Committee shall establish
the validity of ballots and shall exercise the discretion
necessary to resolve voting discrepancies. Offices shall
be filled by candidates who are selected in succession
from the start of a l i s t of candidates ranked in order of
decreasing number of votes received.
Immediately after counting, the ballots shall be delivered
to the Secretary. The ballots shall remain in the Secretary's jurisdiction for possible recount until after the
next Annual Convention, at which time they shall be
destroyed.
ARTICLE V
AUDIT COMMITTEE
SECTION 1. CHAIRMAN. The Chairman shall be a member of the Association who is not an Officer or a Director
of the Association.
SECTION 2. MEMBERSHIP. The Chairman shall appoint
two (2) members of the Association who are neither
Officers nor Directors to serve on the Committee.
SECTION 3. DUTIES. The Audit Committee shall audit
the accounts of the Association during the last two weeks
of August. The Chairman shall submit a written report of
the Committee findings to the Board of Directors prior
to the Annual Convention. After approval by the Board
of Directors, this report shall be distributed to the membershi~.
ARTICLE V I
CONVENTION COMMITTEE
SECTION 1. CHAIRMAN. The Chairman shall be a
member of the Association.
an even number of members of the Association, not less
than two (2) nor more than six (6), to serve on the Committee.
SECTION 3. DUTIES. The Convention Committee shall
plan and conduct an Annual Convention in September
or October of each calendar year at a place and date
approved by the Board of Directors. Installation of all
officers shall take place at this convention.
ARTICLE V I I
MEMBERSHIP FEES AND DUES
SECTION 1. FEES AND DUES. Fees and dues shall be
paid on the following basis:
Initiation Fee shall be $1 5.00 for Regular Members,
$30.00 for Associate Members, $220.00 for Corporate
Members Class 1 and $1 10.00 for Corporate Members
Class 2. This fee shall include dues for the first year. An
initiation fee paid after the eighth month of the calendar
year shall also cover dues for the next calendar year.
Regular Membership dues shall be $12.00 per year.
Honorary Members shall be exempt from all Fees and
Dues.
Life Membership fee shall be $100.00. No initiation fee
shall be required in case of Life Membership.
Associate Membership Dues shall be $25.00 per year.
Corporate Membership Dues shall be $200.00 per year
for Class 1.
Corporate Membership Dues shall be $100.00 per year
for Class 2.
The annual dues are payable in advance on 1 January
SECTION 2. NONPAYMENT. Any member whose
annual dues are unpaid on 1 A p r i l shall b e considered i n poor standing u n t i l the dues are paid.
If dues are not paid b y 1 September, the member
shall be suspended f o r a period of 16 months
d u r i n g which time payment of two ( 2 ) years dues
will restore membership for the 16-month period.
Following an increase in annual dues, all back
dues shall be paid at the new rate. (As amended
12 October 1983 and 27 July 1984.)
ARTICLE V l l l
AMENDMENTS
SECTION 1. The By-Laws may be amended with the concurrence of two thirds (213) o f the members of the Board
of Directors.
SECTION 2. Members of the Board shall be provided a
copy of all proposed changes and given thirty (30) days
after date of mailing to respond. Yeas and Nays shall be
recorded by the Secretary, including each member's vote.
WILD GOOSE ASSOClATlON RAD IONAVIGATION JOURNAL 1984
ARTICLE IX
Paper Award:
To be awarded t o a member of the Wild Goose Association for the best paper published on the general subject
o f loran.
AWARDS COMMITTEE
SECTION 1. CHAIRMAN. The Chairman shall be a member of the Association.
Service Award:
than two (2) nor more than six (6), to serve on the Committee.
This award will be given to members who distinguish
themselves by service to the Wild Goose Association.
President's Award
SECTION 3. DUTIES. The Awards Committee shall be
responsible for administering the Awards Program of the
Association in accordance with the Constitution and ByLaws. The Committee shall prepare a report describing the
authorized awards and detailing criteria and procedures for
nomination and selection. After approval by the Board of
Directors, this report shall be distributed t o the membership.
T o be awarded t o the person, persons, or organization
as designated by the President of the Association with
consent of the Board of Directors. The Award shall be
presented at the annual banquet.
ARTICLE XI1
ARTICLE X
REGIONAL CLUBS
CONSTITUTION COMMITTEE
SECTION 1. Regional Clubs may be chartered by the Board
of Directors to further the aims and purposes o f the Wild
Goose Association.
SECTION 1. CHAIRMAN. The Chairman shall be a member of the Association.
than two ( 2 ) nor more than six (6), to serve on the Committee.
SECTION 3. DUTIES. The Constitution Committee shall
be responsible for proper preparation and administration
of proposed changes to the Constitution for presentation
to the membership, and proposed changes to the By-Laws
for presentation to the Board of Directors. Further, the
Constitution Committee shall prepare a report detailing
procedures for forming Regional Clubs and providing a
sample club Charter and Constitution. After approval by
the Board of Directors, this report shall be provided on
request, to members interested in forming a Regional Club.
ARTICLE XI
AWARDS
SECTION 1. The following non-monetary awards are
authorized to further the aims and purposes of the Wild
Goose Association:
Medal of Merit:
To be awarded to a person or persons tor a particular
contribution of outstanding value to the development
or fostering o f loran. This award shall normally be given
only after the exceptional nature of the contribution is
clearly recognized.
SECTION 2. The area of jurisdiction for'each club shall be
appropriately designated. All Association members in the
designated jurisdiction shall be eligible for club membership.
SECTION 3. Members who desire to form a club shall make
application for a charter to the Constitution Committee in
accordance with the current p'rocedures established by the
Committee. The Chairman of the Constitution Committee
shall forward the application and proposed Club Constitution with the Committee's recommendations t o the Board
of Directors for action. When approved by the Board of
Directors, the President of the Association shall issue the
Charter. The Charter shall be retained by the Club until
such time as the Club may become inactive, at which time
the Charter shall be returned t o the Association.
SECTION 4. Each Regional Club shall upon issue of the
Charter be provided with funds from the Association in the
amount of $1.00 per Club member for the purpose of
partially defraying the Club operating expenses. Such funds
shall be further provided t o each active Regional Club on
April 1 upon application to and certification by the Membership Committee of the Association as to the current status o f membership.
ARTICLE X l l l
RADIONAVIGATION JOURNAL
SECTION 1. PURPOSE. To provide to the membership of
the Wild Goose Association and to the loran community at
79
WILD GOOSE ASSOC I A T l O N RADlONAVlCATlON JOURNAL 1984
large a compendium of current Association and loran information and related topics. It is intended that the Journal
will be updated and published annually, closely following
the annual elections (approximately July of each year), to
provide to the membership an annual report of the significant activities, accomplishments, and objectives of the
Association. It is further intended that the Journal will
serve the interest of the loran community by providing a
compendium o f loran information and reference data
deemed to be of interest to the community a t large.
SECTION 2. JOURNAL COMMITTEE. The Journal Committee shall be ~onstitutedto effect the compilation, editing and publication of the Journal. The President of the
Association shall annually appoint the Editor of the
Journal, who will serve as Chairman of the Committee. The
Editor shall appoint not less than two (2) nor more than six
(6) members of the Association to serve on the Committee.
SECTION 3. FINANCE. The Journal is intended to be
financially self-supporting through the sale of advertising
space and copies o f the Journal t o the loran community at
large. The Editor o f the Journal may make application for
the funds necessary t o publish a specific issue of the
Journal in accordance with By-Laws Article Ill, Section 7 .
SECTION 4. CONTENTS. Prior to final editing and publication, the Chairman of the Committee shall submit to the
Executive Committee for approval a detailed listing of the
contents of the forthcoming issue.
SECTION 5. DISTRIBUTION. A t publication, a copy of
the Journal shall be provided to each member of the Association at no cost. Copies shall be made available for sale
t o the loran community at large at prices to be determined
by the Chairman of the Committee and approved by the
Executive Committee, or Board of Directors.
ARTICLE X I V
HlSTORlCAL COMMITTEE
-.,'. _
,
,
I,
1
SECTION 1. CHAIRMAN, The Cha~rmanshall be a member of the Associat~on.
an even number o f members of the Association, not less
than two (2) nor more than six (6), t o serve on the Committee.
.<ECTION 3. DUTIES. The Historical Committee shall be
responsible for recording the history of loran and the history of the Association. After initially preparing a historical
manuscript of loran from its beginning to the current
calendar year, the manuscript shall be appended annually
to record the significant events of the previous year. This
same procedure shall be used to record the history of the
Association. After approval by the Board of Directors, the
manuscript shall be published by the Journal Committee.
The Committee shall prepare a report describing the procedures to be used for gathering historical information.
After approval by the Board o f Directors, this report shall
be distributed to the membership.
ARTICLE X V
MEMBERSHIP COMMITTEE
SECTION 1. CHAIRMAN. The Chairman shall be a member o f the Association.
than two (2) nor more than six (61, to serve on the Comm-ittee.
SECTION 3. DUTIES. The Membership Committee shall
be responsible for administering the membership records
and affairs of the Association in accordance with the
Constitution and By-Laws. The Committee shall review
membership applications and provide recommendations
t o the Board of Directors regarding acceptance. The Committee shall administer the collection of membership dues
and shall forward the payments received to the Treasurer.
The Committee shall maintain records of current membership including mailing address, type o f membership, dues
status, and such other considerations as may affect good
standing in the Association.
ARTICLE X V I
FINANCES
SECTION 1. FISCAL YEAR. The fiscal year of the
Association shall start on the first (1) of September.
ARTICLE X V l l
NEWSLETTER
SECTION 1. PURPOSE. To provide to the membership of
the Wild Goose Association a means of frequent communications covering information pertinent to the activities of
the Association, the Board of Directors, the individual
members and the loran community at large. It is intended
that the Newsletter will complement the Radio Navigation
Journal and be published at quarterly intervals as a minimum and monthly as a maximum.
SECTION 2. NEWSLETTER COMMITTEE. The Newsletter Committee shall be constituted t o effect the compilation, editing and publication o f the Newsletter. The President of the Association shall annually appoint the Editor
o f the Newsletter, who will serve as Chairman of the
Committee. The Chairman shall appoint not less than two
(2) nor more than six (6) members of the Association to
serve on the Committee.
SECTION 3. FINANCE. The Newsletter i s not intended t o
be financially self-supporting, and will be supported from
the general funds of the Association as a service to the
membership. The sale of advertising space i s permitted to
defray expenses.
SECTION 4. DISTRIBUTION. A t publication, a copy of
the Newsletter shall be provided t o each member of the
Association at no cost.
80
WILD GOOSE ASSOC I A T I O N R A D I O N A V I G A T I O N JOURNAL 1984
WGA MEMBERSHIP LIST
T o those members who a r e listed without affiliation o r with an incorrect
affiliation, we apologize. We u r g e them to contact the editorial or
membership committee tci provide t h e correct pertinent information so that
this l i s t can b e updated for t h e n e x t issue.
ORGAN I ZATlON MEMBERS
P O L Y S P R I N G COMPANY
P. 0. BOX 5 4
GENERAL P O S T O F F I C E
HONG KONG
ACADEMY B I B L I O G R A P H I C A L S E R V I C E
F. 0. BOX 98:82
T S I M SHA T S U I P O S T O F F I C E
KOWLOON,
HONG KONG
S A N D I A N A T I O N A L LABS.
PERIODICALS-3141
ALBUQUERQUE
NH
87185
ACCESSIONS DEPT, B R I T I S H L I B R A R Y
BOSTON SPA, WETHERBY
YORKSHIRE L S Z 3 7BQ
ENGLAND
STOBART & SON LTD.
67/73 WORSHIP S T R E E T
LONDON E C 2 A 2EL
ENGLAND
A N A L Y T I C A L SYSTEMS ENG. CORP.
5 O L D CONCORD RD.
BURLINGTON HA
0180Z
INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS
COMMUNICGTION S E C U R I T Y ESTB.
101 COLONEL B Y D R I V E
OTTAWA, O N T A R I O
K I A OK2
CANADA
FEDERAL A V I A T I O N A D M I N I S T R A T I O N
7, O D S T R E E T S Sb!
WASHINGTON D C 20111
ENSltJEERING S O C I E T I E S LIBRARY
3 4 5 E A S T 4 7 t h STREET
10017
NY
NEW YORt
I T T AVIONICS D I V I S I O N
;(:)a WASH INGTON GVE.
NUTLEY
NJ 07110
F I N E M A R I N E R A D I O CORP.
8 9 9 7 131st P L A C E N
LARGD FL 3 3 5 4 3
L I B R A R Y O F CONGRESS
10 F I R S T ST. S E
WASHINGTON
DC
20540
L I T T O N SYSTEMS, I N C 5 5 0 0 CANOGG AVE.
CA
WOODLAND H I L L S
91365
METEOROLOGICAL O F F I C E
LONDON ROAD
BRACCNELL B E R K S H I R E R G 1 2 Z S Z
ENSLAND
L E N ABRAHMS
SYSTEMS CONTROL I N C .
P A U L D. ABRAMSON
JAYCOR
RAY ABRACZ INSKAS
LEAR SIEGLER. INC.
W I L L I A M R. ABRAMS
SEAPUEST A S S O C I A T E S
T. C. A C H I L L E S
ARNAV SYSTEMS I N C .
R I C H A R D J. ADAMS
S T A N L E Y W.
ALBRECHTSEN
JAMES 0. ALEXANDER
U. S. COAST GUARD
BERNARD AMBROSENO
EFSCO I N C .
D A V I D H. AMOS
CCGDI (EEE)
L Y N N AMOS
ADVANCED M A R I N E E L E C T R O N I C S
DUNCAN AMOS
U N I V . O F RHODE I S L A N D
L O U I S D. ANDRUS
OCEANICS I N C .
C A R L S. ANDREN
RACAL-MEGAPULSE.
INC.
JOHN J. ANTHONY
U. S. COAST GUGRD
EDWARD T. ANTKOWIGK
B O U D I T C H N A B 2 I G A T 1 C N SYST.
J I M ARNOLD
P A U L H. A R N S T E I N
USCG (G-TES-4 )
C. R. A R R I S O N
MARti I V I N D U S T R I E S I N C .
J A M E S M. A T T E R I D G E
E L E C T R O N I C MFG. REP.
CHRISTOPHER B A B E
RAYTHEON CO.
L E O N J. B A I L L A R G E O N
ECWARD E. BAKER
L!. S. COAST GUARD
CHARLES B A L T Z E R
AUSTRDN N A V I G A T I O N I N C .
TOM B A N N I G A N
GENERAL E L E C T R I C
A L L E N A. BARCO
ROBERT W.
BARGHAAN
P E T E R F. BARRY
HARTMAN SYSTEMS
VERNE E. B A X T E R
U N I V . OF L O U I S V I L L E
ARTHUR J. E. BEARD
PRCJECT OFF I C E
W I L L I A P l J. BECKER
CONSULTANT
L O U I S P. BENUC.
GUNNAR BERGSTEINSSON
I C E L A N D COAST GUARD
W I L L I A M R. BERTSCHE
ECLECTECH ASSOCIATES
JOHN M. BEUtCERS
BEUI:ERS LABORATOR IE S iNC.
BASRY R. B I S H O P
P R O F E S S I O N A L SURVEYOR
JAMES H. B L A C K
HOLBROOK I N D U S T R I E S I N C .
N E A L BLAt:E
F.A.A.
ADL-2A
D A N I E L W. B L I T Z
SANDERS A S S O C I A T E S I N C .
MURRAY BLOCK
IT T
M O R R I S B. BLOODWORTH
GENERAL D Y N A M I C S
JAMES N. BODURTHA
A G R I C U L T U R E IN T E L L - ASC.
BRUCE P. BOGERT
ENGINEER
ROCKLEE B 3 G S E T H
S I R SANFORD F L E M I N G COLLEGE
R I C H A R D GI BOOTH
JOHANNES H E I N R I C H BOTTCHER
H E N R I A. BOUDREAU
C A N A D I A N HYDROGRAPHIC S E R V I C E
JOHN R. BOWELL
AUSTRON I N C .
ROBERT M. BOWLES
J O H N E.
BOYD
JERRY BRADLEY
F E D E R A L A V I A T I O N ADMIN.
JOSEPH F . B R A D L E Y
PILOT'S ASS3CIATION
EDWARD BREGSTONE
U. S. COAST GUARD
GARY D. BREWER
SEA'VIEW E L E C T R O N I C S I N C .
JOHN W. BHOSDEN
ELECTRONIC ENGINEER
ROBERT D. BRONSON
I 1 MORROW I N C .
THOMAS E. BROWN
N A V A L !%RFACE WEAPONS CENTER
K E I T H R. BRUHL
COMMAR I N C .
L O R E N E. BRUNNER
PROFESSOR E M E R I T U S , PERDUE
EUGENE M. B R U S I N
INC.
RACAL-MEGAPULSE,
L E N BUCKWALTER
AVIONICS MAGAZINE
E.W.
( B I L L ) BUEBEL
M I ECO
TONY B U I G E
F.A.A.
AES-300
W. F . B U R G I N
SI-TEX MARINE ELECTRONICS
R A L P H W. BURHANS
CONSULTANT
R I C H A R D E. BURKE
USCG
T. V. BURN
DECCA N A V I G A T O R CO. L T D .
J O H N M. BURNS
RAYTHEON M A R I N E CO.
GARY BURRELL
C:ING R A D I O I N C .
DAVID CAIN
C&D E L E C T R O N I C S
J I M M Y D. C A I N
J O H N P. CAMEY
U.S.
COAST GUARD
P. W. CAMPBELL
U.S.
COAST GUARD
L O I S CAMPBELL
A N A L Y T I C A L SYSTEMS ENG.
B J O R N CARLSEN
SIMRAD I N C .
J O H N W. CARPENTER
ELECTRONIC M A R I N E INC.
J A M E S C. CARROLL
CORP.
D A L ' I D A. CARTER
JAYCOR
ROBERT H.
CASSIS,
JR.
FRANK C A S S I D Y
DATAMARINE INTERNATIONAL
ERYAN H. C A S T L E
RACAL A V I O N I C S I N C .
HATCHER E. C H A L K L E Y
TEXAS INSTRUMENTS
F. J. CHAMBERS
GLOBAL SYSTEMS, I N C .
KENNETH CHAPMAN
INTERNAL'
MEL C H A S L I N
USAF/ESD
D A L E CHAYES
D A V I D A. C L A Y T O N
NCS I N T E R N A T I O N A L (HOUSTON)
J U N I U S S. CLEMMONS
I T T A V I O N I C S , DEPT. 6211
WAYNE P. C O F F I N
EPSCO I N C .
S I D COLLIN
I T T AVIONICS
W I L L I A M COMMANS
A L A N R. COOK
COLO. RES. t PRED.
C. EDMDND COOPER
ARNAV SYSTEMS INC.
W. E. COPELAND, JR.
LAB.
HATHAWAY C O R N E L I U S
USCG
P E T E R D. CORSON
LARRY C O E T L A N 3
TELEDYNE SYSTEMS
J O H N G.
COURTNEY
BRUCE E. CREGER
A. 6 . BUSCH & CO. INC.
J A M E S F. CULBERTSOK
U. S. COAST GUARD
C A L V I N CULVER
MICROLOGIC
P A U L M. CUNNINGHAK
VOUGHT SYSTEMS D I V .
J O H N M. C U R R I E
I N T E R N 0 3 INC.
CHARLES CUSACK
GARRETT A I R E S E A R C H
HARFlLD D A H L
DAHL L O R A N S E R V I C E
P E T E R H. DANA
CONSULTANT
THOMAS D A N I E L S
COMBAT SUR.%
TRGT A C Q U I S I T I O N L A B
RONALD W. D A N K L E F S
UICROLOGIC INC.
D. R. DASGUFTA
HONEYWELL A V I O N I C S
RONALD D A V I E S
AEROSPACE MARKET ING
I. HARRY D A V I S
SYSTEMS R E V I E W A S S O C I A T E S
HAROLD S. D A V I S
P O R T R O N I C S COPIPANY
M. H. D A Z E Y
AEROSPACE CORP. L I B R A R Y M i - 1 9 9
WALTER N. D E A N
ARNAV SYSTEMS I N C .
A D R I A N C. D E B R U I N
R A D I O N A V SYSTEM CONSULTANT
W I L L I A M A. D E GEORGE
I T T AL'IONICS ( 6 6 Z l l )
JAMES F. DELORME
H.
E. DEMPSEY
DOLLMAN E L E C T R O N I C S
L E O N M. D E PALMA
TASC
B E N J. D E R K I N K
T R I A N G L E G E O P H Y S I C A L CC.
DON DERUSHA
M I t4ORI T Y E N T E R P E I S E S , L T D .
D A V I D L. D E S L E R
INC.
COMMANDING O F F I C E R C E E E I
U. S. COAST GUARD
COY.ltiA:dD ING CFF ICER
M A R I T I M E P R O V I N G t EVAL. U N I T
COMMANDER ( P t 1 )
COAST GUARD P A C I F I C AREA
A. L. COMSTOCK
TELEDYN HASTINGS R A Y D I S T
BRUCE A. CONWAY
USAF
HERBERT A. COOK
N A V I D Y N E CORP.
GILBERT DESVERNINE
M I K E DEWALT
M.
DIAMOND
I T T A V I O N I C S . DIV.
NORMAN C. D I CKERSON
AMECOM D I V I S I O N
DON D I E F E N D D R F
R A C A L SURVEY I N C .
WIM D I J K S T E R H U I S
WHI TLOCK EUROPE
CHARLES D I L G E R
CHARLES A.
DOAK
M A R T I N F. DOCKER
CONSULTANT
82
NORRY DOGAN
M. I.T.
ROBERT H. DOHERTY
COLD RSCH & PRED. LAB.
FRANK DOUGHERTY
USCG
LARRY DRAYER
J. L. DRAYER I N C .
THUREN M. DROWN
U. S. COAST GUARD
CHRISTOPHER DUNCOMBE
GTE
F. GEORGE D U PONT
PROFESSIOAL ENGINEER
EDWARD D U R B I N
K A I S E R AEROSPACE
I R A DYER
MASS. I N S T . O F TECHNOLOGY
R. M I C H A E L E A T O N
C A N A D I A N HYDROGRAPH S E R V I C E
CHARLES H. EDMONDSON
U N I V E R S A L N A V I G A T I O N CORF.
CHARLES R. EDWARDS
PREFERENCE FARM
JOHN I;. E I N H O R N
M. I. T.
A N T O N I A L. E L I A S
M. I. T.
J. C. E L L I O T T
TEXACO I N C .
ROBERT W. ELSNER
G L O B A L SYSTEMS I N C .
ALBERT A. ELWOOD
S. F L A . WATER MNGMT. D I S T R I C T
B I L L EMMETT
DAVID EPF
H A W A I I I N S T . O F GEOPHYS.
ROBERT H. E R I K S O N
F A A T E C H N I C A L CENTER
M I k E W. EVANS
WESTERN G E O P H Y S I C A L
CARL E. F A F L I C K
RACAL-MEGAPULSE I N C .
H. E. F A L L I S
D.
T. F A R I S S
RAYTHEON M A R I N E CO.
TERRY F E E N E Y
MICROLOGIC INC.
LEO F. FEHLNER
A P P L I E D P H Y S I C S LABORATORY J H U
DONALD A. FELDMAN
STANDARD O I L ( O H I O )
CHARLES k. F E N S k E
TELEDYNE R Y A N
WALTER J. FERM
U. S. COAST GUARD
HAROLD H. F I N K
A R I N C A V I O N I C S DEPT.
ROBERT J. F I T Z S I M M O N S
NAV. SYSTEMS M A I N T . LTD.
W. G. F I T Z S I M M O N S
W I L L I A M M. F L A N D E R S
F L A N D E R S ASSOCIATES,
ROBERT F. F L E M I N G
VEGA P R E C I S I O N L A B S
L E S L I E J. F L E T C H E R
I T T DECCA M A R I N E
T I M O T H Y FLOWERS
INC.
KEN FORET
BRUCE F R A N C I S
ADVANCED N A V I G A T I O N I N C .
ROBERT L. FRANK
CONSULTANT
EDWARC C. FRASER
DEi'ELCO INC.
WARREN J. FREDER: Cb..
. J.
F R E E R 1C K S
LEAR SIEGLER
J.E.
FRENCH
RCA MTP
D A V I D S. F R I D G E
OCEAN IC S INC.
R I C H A R D G. M L L O N Q U I S T
TRANSP. CANADA COGARD
HARRY H A L M A N D A R I S
PRESIDENT
( T E L E D Y N E SYSTEMS CO.)
A L B E R T D. F R O S T
U N I V E R S I T Y O F NEW H A M P S H I R E
EUGENE 0. F R Y E
COLLINS RADIC
C L A U S FUCHS
D I R . T R A N S M I S S I O N ENG.
JOHt: C. F U E C H S E L
N A T I O N A L OCEAN I N D U S T R I E S
ROCt.:Y T. F U J I N 0
KODEN E L E C T R O N I C S CO. L T D .
LAURENCE H. F U N A K O S H I
DEFENSE M A P P I N G AGENCY
RICHARD L E E GARLICK
SYBRON CORF.
F R E D F. GARLAND 111
U. S. COAST GUARD
W I L L I A M J. GARMANY
I T T AVIONICS
JOHN E. G A V L I K
MANDALAY CORF.
H. H. GEORGENS
E L Y H. HAMATY
€ L C D E L E C T R O N I C S CO.
J O H N E. HANNA J R .
DEFENSE M A P P I N G AGENCY
S I G HANSETH
HANSETH M A R I N E R A D I O
HASSAN S E L E H H A R I R I
R
R A L P H GEORGE
GEORGE A S S O C I A T E S , I N C .
GUERLY GEORGES
A N A L Y T I C A L SYSTEMS ENS.
THOLANDER C A R L GERHAED
RAYTHEON MAF:INE
S A L E S % S E R V I C E CO
ROGER W. HASSARD
U.S.
COAST GUARD
SAM D. HATHAWAY
ROBERT F.
HATTEN
NICHOLAS HAY
RACAL-MEGAPULSE,
INC.
W I L L I A M H. H A Y E S JR.
U.S.
COAST GUARD
CORP-
P A U L D. G I B E S
FOSTER A I R D A T A S Y S I N C .
I.GINSHURG
W I L L I A K F. GLASER
COMMAR l r c .
C H R I S T I A F I A. GLOERSEN
NORCONSULT A. S.
ROBERT F . GOEBEL
GRTHLIR G O L D S M I T H
JOHN F .
GEORGE G. HAROULES
DOT/TSC
R I C H A R D 3. H A R R I S O N
DATAMARINE INTERNATIONAL
GLENN M. HARVEY
GOOD
MAX GORDON
NOR-CAL OFFSHORE L T D .
ROBERT V. GOULD
STEPHEN T. GRANT
DEFT. OF THE EN'JIRONMENT
WALTER J. GRAVES
U. S. COAST GUARD
D A V I D H. GRAY
C A N A D I A N HYDROGRAPHIC S E R V I C E
DONALD L. GRAY
LEAR SIEGLER,
INC.
JERRY A. GREEN
MICROLOGIC I N C .
ROBERT H. G R I F F I T H
HARTMAN SYSTEMS D I V A T 0
ALBRECHT GRIMM
PK'OFESSOR
ROBERT GROSS
S W I T C H N E T COMMUNICATIONS
SYSTEMS
J A M E S H. GROVE, J R .
ATTORNEY AT LAW
W I L L I A M R. GUMERT
CARSON GEOSCIENCE COMPANY
RADHA R. GUPTA
TASC
B. G. HAGAMAN
KERSHNER t WRIGHT
O L E G. HAGEN
NORCONSULT A. S.
D A V I D T. H A I S L I P
C A R L D. H A L L
PROF. OF D E S I G N , BGSU
LYMAN R. HAZELTON, J R .
M. I. T. / F. T. L.
GIFFORD HEFLEY
P A U L E. H E I N T E L
TASC
TROND H E L L A N D
SIMRAD MARINE A / S
J A M E S W. HENDERSON
ANAL. SYS. ENG. CORP.
L L O Y D D. H I G G I N B O T H A M
CONSULTANT
W I L L I A M H. H I L B U N I11
HUGHES A I R C R A F T
HOWARD H. HILL
DATAMARINE
JOHN H I R D
N A V I G A T I O N SYSTEMS I N C .
GEORGE R. H I TCHCOCK
COMMERCIAL F I S H E R M A N
H. F. H I T E JR.
S T E V E N R. HJERMSTAD
A N A L Y T I C MICROSYSTEMS
WALTER M. H O L L I S T E R
PROFESSOR M. I. T.
HAROLD 0. HOLLAND
HWH E L E C T R O N I C S CORP.
J O H N F. HONEY
M A R I N E TECHNOLOGY, I N C .
FRANt:: E. HOOD
J D H N HOFK I N S
N A V I G A T I O N DEV. SER'v'I C E S
O R V I S E. H U B B E L L
T H E B O E I N G CO.
TERRANCE J. HUGHES
TRACOR
D A V I D HUTZLER
NAUT I C A L ELECTRON1 C S CO.
ROBERT W. HUTZELMGN
NORTHROF' E L E C T R O N I C S D I V .
M I C H A E L A. I A C O N A
JOHN D. I L L G E N
k A M A N TEMPO
ROBERT C. I M L E R
USCG
BARRY J. I R W I N
U. S. G E O L O G I C A L SURVEY
JACI:: I V E R S
P A U L LANE I V E S , JR.
AMERICAN P I L O T S ' A S S O C I A T I O N
R I C H A R D J. J A C O B 1
SWL, I N C .
KURT JAEGER
JAEGER F L I G H T S E R V I C E
ROBERT V. J A N E
MOTOROLA
AEDULILLAH JAZZAR
C.
B. J E F F R E Y
M I N I S T R Y OF TRANSPORT
ABDUL A. S. A L J E H G I M A N
THOMAS W. J E R A R E I
A P P L I E D P H Y S I C S LABORATORY J H U
K A R S T E I N JOHANSEN
NORCONSULT A / S
P A U L R. JOHANNESSEN
RACAL-MEGAPULSE
J. R A L P H J O H L E R
COLD. R E S & FRED. LAB.
R I C H A K D F. JOHNSON
GETSCD M-N 5 1 3 W
VERNON L. JOHNSON
I T T AVIONICS
ROYCE i.AHLER
RACAL-MEGAFULSE.
INC.
D G V I C L. K A N
MASS. M A R I T I M E ACADEMY
F R E D t.ARt'AL I t
SYSTEMS CONTROL TECHNOLOGY. I N C .
R A Y t.AUFFMAX
ELECTROKIC DEVICES INC.
W I L L I A M YELLEKMEYEK
JAMES D. K E L L Y
TASC
DARYL KEMPER
C:&L OUARTZTEV.
CHARLES KENNEY
I T T AVIONICS
P H I L L I P J. K I E S
CAPT. U.S.
COAST GUARD
CLYDE B. K I R L I N
CLYDE B. K I R L I N I N C .
HIRDSHI kIYONO
'SENA CO. L T D . ,ATTN.
ACCNTS DEFT.
CURTIS KNIGHT
INTERNAV
WALTER W. K O H L
U. S. COAST GUARD
J A R L E KVERNDAL
M.
D. L A ROCQUE
E L E C T R I C A L ENGINEER
GEORGE L E L A N D
A N A L Y T I C A L SYSTEMS ENG. CORF.
P H I L LEMAINQUE
CEMCD
M A R T I N A. L E T T S
U. S . COAST GUARD E E C E N
GEORGE L E V Y
C U B I C WESTERN D A T A
ANTHONY J. LOFASO
SPERRY GYROSCOPE MS A 1 8
S. A. LONG
HAROLD L. LONGAKER
OCEANONICS, I N C .
R I C H A R D R. LOVETT, J R .
LONGPDRT H A R I N E CO.,
J A M E S A. L O V E L L
JOSEPH LOVECCHIO
DOT/TSC
NORMAN L O W E N S T E I N
B L A I R MAC A U L A Y
ATTORNEY
M I C H E A L MAC IO L E K
A N A L Y T I C A L SYSTEMS ENG.
REUBEN E. M A I N E
J.
COW.
W.
K. WORDSWORTH
AUSTRON, INC.
ROY J . YEE
KEPIS, INC.
YUNIO YONEZAWA
M I N I S T R Y O F TRANSFOR1
KENNETH W. YOUNG
ELECTRICAL ENGINEER
JACK H.
ZFIHRLY
GERALD P. Z E M L I N
I T T AVIONICS D I V .
T. B. Z I N N , JR.
SPERRY UNIVOC
JOSEPH ZYDA
I T T AVIONICS D I V .
WlLD GOOSE ASSOC I A T l O N RADIONAVIGATION JOURNAL 1984
MEMBERSHIP APPLICATIONS
NAME :
A F F I L I A T I O N /OCCUPATION :
STREET :
CODEIC I T Y :
STATEICOUNTRY :
M A l L CODE ( Z I P ) :
PHONE :
I N I T I A T I O N FEE* AND 1 YEAR DUES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$ 15.00
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$100.00
I N I T I A T I O N FEE AND L I F E MEMBERSHIP
I
I
ORCANIZATIOIJ NAME:
I
I
I
I
SPECIALIZATION :
I
I
POINT OF CONTACT
STREET
CODEIC I T Y
STATEICOUNTRY
M A I L CODE ( Z I P ) :
I
I
I
I
I
PHONE:
* I N I T I A T I O N FEE PAID
** SEE CONSTITUTION,
10 OR
I
.....
ASSOCIATE MEMBER**
$ 30.00
CORPORATE MEMBER, CLASS 1 **$220.00 0
CORPORATE MEMBER, CLASS 2**$110.00 0
AFTER 31 AUGUST COVERS MEMBERSHIP DUES FOR T H E NEXT CALENDAR YEAR.
A R T I C L E IV, FOR MEMBER DEFINITIONS.
5 EMPLOYEES, DEPENDING ON CLASS.
REMIT FEE WITH FORM T O WlLD GOOSE ASSOCIATION,
P.O.
CORPORATE MEMBERS ENTER UP T O
BOX 556, BEDFORD, MA 01730
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
!
WILD GOOSE ASSOCIATION R A D l O N A V l G A T l O N JOURNAL 1984
INDEX T O ADVERTISERS IN T H I S ISSUE
A N I ( A d v a n c e d Navigation I n c . )
. . -. . . . . . . . . . . . .
16,
17
...........................
ASEC ( A n a l y t i c a l Systems E n g i n e e r i n g C o r p . ) . . . . . . . .
CAMBRIDGE ENGINEERING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
21
CRPLi f c o l o r a d o Research a n d P r e d i c t i o n Laboratory,
21
ARNAV
.
D I G I T A L MARINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EPSCO, INC.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,
ROBERT L. FRANK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..............
JAYCOR
...........
MARINE TECHNOLOGY INC. . .
MEGAPULSE . - . . . . . . . .
.........
MICROLOGIC
ITT
ON I ( O f f s h o r e Navigation I n c . )
JACK POWERS ASSOCIATES
..
RAYTHEON . . . . . .
SEA-TEX
.......
SRD L A B S
. . . . . .
T E X A S INSTRUMENTS .
I1 MORROW . . . . . .
RACAL-MEGAPULSE
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
..
. ..
....
....
....
....
....
....
....
Inc.).
...........
....,....
..
.. ,...,....
11
24
43
45
29
50
66
23
. . . . Inside F r o n t Cover
...........
13
.........,.
13
. . . - . . . . . .
29
..... .. ....
47
. - . . . Inside Back Cover
...........
29
...........
21
. . . . . . . . . . . 51
..... ......
39
2" 2 9.5 8'
ASF
ARV
cvc
Raytheon introauces Loran-C navrgation
for the 21st century.
BYthe 21st centunr. dhers mav have
ied the unique p&fon-nance d the
k v 750.
But ri ht now, the RAYNA'V 750 stands
alone; afead of its the. Very simply, the
R A W 750 is desianed to ahre vou
maximumfeaaues, rfiinimumcomplications.
Our combined keyboard and
-
automaticallyselected. So once it's set for
your area, you never have to touch that
setting again.
So many features, you'll wonder
how you ever did without it.
radio,
'Ihw*
the RA V 750 combines the
most advanced Loran-C receiver with
a specially programmed corn ter. it
bmrporates every conceivabrfeature,
.
yet remains remarkably slmple to o
Large c l e a r , b a c k i f l i q u i d ~
display (LCD).
Shows where u are and
w h m ~ ' r e in~ Loran
g %'s andlor
Latitu e and
gitude. Shaws how far
u have to go,how long it will take, how
you're going and which way to steer
Et
:=
destination
-d~-
AnsecondaryLomn-Cstatlonsare
%=sRAYNAV
7Ws
interface system "talks" to your ~ d d e t
An-2jlClll-*
Stedngenorsafetyakrmsoun&
when steertng m r exceeds preset
limits
S t o r e s a n d menmkesupto50
waypdntsvitaldataforen
n Marine
senrice network in major ports everywhere.
Adjustable pra-set anchor watch. E m
at anchor your RAYNAV 750 remains on
watch.
a
p night's d..p =m
assuredthat yourvasselshddrag
anchor as little as one tenth d a nautical
mUe, our adjustable pre-set anchor wakh
Why wait for tbe 21.t centmy
to arrive?
Whether you go to sea for business or
Wmsoundtheahrm
Picture perfect navigation.
Continuous trackhrg d your boat's
progescanbeviewed0nRayt)leon's
NWU-5oACdor\Adeo~
en combined with the RAYNAV 750.
itpmsentsanacuaatemulticolorvideo
tra&inclkaUngcomeanddestlnatIon
mmpke with alpha-numerical readouts
P
and
s
y
m
m
contactusat
.
Jl
yLORAN-C TRANSMITTER STATION
AFIF, SAUDI ARABIA
W I L D GOOSE ASSOCIATION . -
,
"
= -3
P.O. BOX 556
-
>** 2 #<
Chr<
?,L!
.IC
BEDFORD, M A 01730

wild goose association - International Loran Association

Transcription

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